Part Part, adv (part 2)

Defn: A shed or roof sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott.

PENTHOUSE
Pent"house`, a.

Defn: Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My penthouse eyebrows." Dryden.

PENTICE
Pen"tice, n. Etym: [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.]

Defn: A penthouse. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

PENTILE
Pen"tile`, n.

Defn: See Pantile.

PENTINE
Pen"tine, n. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene.

PENTOIC
Pen*to"ic, a. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or desingating, an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane.

PENTONE
Pen"tone, n. Etym: [See Penta-.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Valylene.

PENTOSAN; PENTOSANE
Pen"to*san, n. Also -sane. [From Pentose.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of substances (complex carbohydrates widely distributed in plants, as in fruits, gums, woods, hay, etc.) which yield pentoses on hydrolysis.

PENTOSE
Pen"tose, n. [Penta- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any of a group of sugars of the formula C5H10O5, as arabinose; — so called from the five carbon atoms in the molecule. They are not fermented by yeast.

PENTOXIDE
Pen*tox"ide, n. Etym: [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.

PENTREMITE
Pen"tre*mite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pentremites.

PENTREMITES
Pen`tre*mi"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. remus an oar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra.

PENTROOF Pent"roof`, n. Etym: [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.]

Defn: See Lean-to.

PENTROUGH
Pen"trough`, n.

Defn: A penstock.

PENTYL
Pen"tyl, n. Etym: [Penta + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical, C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.

PENTYLIC
Pen*tyl"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as, pentylic alcohol

PENUCHLE; PINOCLE
Pe"nu*chle, Pin"o*cle, n.

Defn: A game at cards, played with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two packs.

PENULT
Pe"nult, n. Etym: [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.)

Defn: The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.

PENULTIMA Pe*nul"ti*ma, n. Etym: [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus, the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.]

Defn: Same as Penult.

PENULTIMATE
Pe*nul"ti*mate, a.

Defn: Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable but one of a word.

PENULTIMATE
Pe*nul"ti*mate, n.

Defn: The penult.

PENUMBRA
Pe*num"bra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.]

1. An incomplete or partial shadow.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full light. Sir I. Newton.

Note: The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.

3. (Paint.)

Defn: The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.

PENUMBRALA
Pe*num"brala.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra; partially illuminated.

PENURIOUS
Pe*nu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [From Penury.]

1. Excessively sparing in the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. "A penurious niggard of his wealth." Milton.

2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty. Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream. C. Pitt.

3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious band." Shak.

Syn.
— Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy.
See Avaricious. —Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv.
— Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.

PENURY
Pen"u*ry, n. Etym: [L. penuria; cf. Gr. pénurie.]

1. Absence of resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty; destitution. "A penury of military forces." Bacon. They were exposed to hardship and penury. Sprat. It arises in neither from penury of thought. Landor.

2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

PENWIPER
Pen"wip`er, n.

Defn: A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from a pen.

PENWOMAN
Pen"wom`an, n.; pl. Penwomen (.

Defn: A female writer; an authoress. Johnson.

PEON
Pe"on, n.

Defn: See Poon.

PEON Pe"on, n. Etym: [Sp. peon, or Pg. pe, one who travels on foot, a foot soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.]

1. A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a messenger. [India]

2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified servitude, to work out a debt.

3. (Chess)

Defn: See 2d Pawn.

PEONAGE
Pe"on*age, n.

Defn: The condition of a peon.

PEONISM
Pe"on*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Peonage. D. Webster.

PEONY
Pe"o*ny, n.; pl. Peonies. Etym: [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF. pione,
F. pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. Pæan.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus Pæonia. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation. [Written also pæony, and piony.]

PEOPLE Peo"ple, n. Etym: [OE. peple, people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L. populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.]

1. The body of persons who compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation. Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. Gen. xlix. 10. The ants are a people not strong. Prov. xxx. 25. Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. Rev. x. 11. Earth's monarchs are her peoples. Whitter . A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the people. T. Parker.

Note: Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the plural form (peoples), in the sense of nations or races.

2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks; population, or part of population; as, country people; — sometimes used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in German; as, people in adversity. People were tempted to lend by great premiums. Swift . People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water. Arbuthnot .

3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and people. And strive to gain his pardon from the people. Addison .

4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my people were English. (b) One's subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers. "You slew great number of his people." Shak.

Syn. — People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we use people for the mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and nation for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense of the term, nation describes those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one nation, though politically subject to different forms of government.

PEOPLE
Peo"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling (.]
Etym: [Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F. puepler. Cf. Populate.]

Defn: To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate. "Peopled heaven with angels." Dryden. As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. Milton .

PEOPLED
Peo"pled, a.

Defn: Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The peopled air."
Gray.

PEOPLELESS
Peo"ple*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of people. Poe.

PEOPLER
Peo"pler, n.

Defn: A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful glen." J.
S. Blackie.

PEOPLE'S BANK
Peo"ple's bank.

Defn: A form of coöperative bank, such as those of Germany; — a term loosely used for various forms of coöperative financial institutions.

PEOPLE'S PARTY
People's party. (U. S. Politics)

Defn: A party formed in 1891, advocating in an increase of the currency, public ownership and operation of railroads, telegraphs, etc., an income tax, limitation in ownership of land, etc.

PEOPLISH
Peo"plish, a.

Defn: Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEORIAS
Pe*o"ri*as, n. pl.; sing. Peoria (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of
Illinois.

PEPASTIC
Pe*pas"tic, a. & n. Etym: [Gr. pépastique.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Maturative.

PEPERINE; PEPERINO Pep"e*rine, Pep`e*ri"no, n. Etym: [It. peperino, L. piper pepper. So called on account of its color.] (Geol.)

Defn: A volcanic rock, formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.

PEPLIS
Pep"lis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including water purslane.

PEPLUM
Pep"lum, n.; pl. E. -lumus, L. -la. [L.]

Defn: A peplos. Hence: An overskirt hanging like an ancient peplos; also, a short fitted skirt attached to a waist or coat.

PEPLUS
Pep"lus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. An upper garment worn by Grecian and Roman women.

2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt.

PEPO
Pe"po, n. Etym: [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any fleshy fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See Gourd.

PEPPER Pep"per, n. Etym: [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. pippala, pippali.]

1. A well-known, pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper nigrum.

Note: Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative stimulant.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber (Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.

3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the bell pepper.

Note: The term pepper has been extended to various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below. African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea. — Cayenne pepper. See under Cayenne. — Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species of prickly ash found in China and Japan. — Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. — Jamaica pepper. See Allspice. — Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, or Macropiper, methysticum. See Kava. — Malaguetta, or Meleguetta, pepper, the aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of grains of Paradise. — Red pepper. See Capsicum. — Sweet pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant white flowers; — called also white alder. — Pepper box or caster, a small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground pepper on food, etc. — Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary. — Pepper elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper family, species of Piper and Peperomia. — Pepper moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings covered with small black specks. — Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. — Pepper root. (Bot.). See Coralwort. — pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped in vinegar. — Pepper tree (Bot.), an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.

PEPPER
Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered; p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.]

1. To sprinkle or season with pepper.

2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have peppered two of them." "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world." Shak.

PEPPER
Pep"per, v. i.

Defn: To fire numerous shots (at).

PEPPER BOX
Pep"per box`, n.

Defn: A buttress on the left-hand wall of a fives court as the game is played at Eton College, England.

PEPPERBRAND
Pep"per*brand`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See 1st Bunt.

PEPPERCORN
Pep"per*corn`, n.

1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper nigrum).

2. Anything insignificant; a particle.

PEPPER DULSE
Pep"per dulse`. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia pinnatifida) distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley.

PEPPERER
Pep"per*er, n.

Defn: A grocer; — formerly so called because he sold pepper. [Obs.]

PEPPERGRASS Pep"per*grass`, n. (Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium sativum; — called also pepperwort. All the species have a pungent flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See Pillwort.

PEPPERIDGE
Pep"per*idge, n. Etym: [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.)

Defn: A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval polished leaves, and very acid berries, — the sour gum, or common tupelo. See Tupelo. [Written also piperidge and pipperidge.] Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry.

PEPPERING
Pep"per*ing, a.

Defn: Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift.

PEPPERMINT
Pep"per*mint, n. Etym: [Pepper + mint.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus Mentha (M. piperita), much used in medicine and confectionery.

2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained from it.

3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint. Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as Menthol. — Peppermint tree (Bot.), a name given to several Australian species of gum tree (Eucalyptus amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard and durable wood, and yield an essential oil.

PEPPERWORT
Pep"per*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Peppergrass.

PEPPERY
Pep"per*y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper; hot; pungent.

2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.

PEPSIN
Pep"sin, n. Etym: [Gr. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.

Note: As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it constitutes an important article of pharmacy.

PEPSINHYDROCHLORIC
Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Peptohydrochloric.

PEPSINOGEN
Pep*sin"o*gen, n. Etym: [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin. Also called propepsin.

PEPTIC
Pep"tic, a. Etym: [L. pepticus, Gr. Pepsin.]

1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces.

2. Able to digest. [R.] Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. Carlyle.

3. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.

PEPTIC
Pep"tic, n.

1. An agent that promotes digestion.

2. pl.

Defn: The digestive organs.
Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ Tennyson.

PEPTICS
Pep"tics, n.

Defn: The science of digestion.

PEPTOGEN
Pep"to*gen, n. Etym: [Peptone + -gen.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A substance convertible into peptone.

PEPTOGENIC
Pep`to*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Peptogenous.

PEPTOGENOUS
Pep*tog"e*nous, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Capable of yielding, or being converted into, peptone.

PEPTOHYDROCHLORIC
Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.]
(Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Designating a hypothetical acid (called peptohydrochloric acid, pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.

PEPTONE Pep"tone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as antialbumose, hemialbumose, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed albuminose.

Note: Pure peptones are of three kinds, amphopeptone, antipeptone, and hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.

PEPTONIZE
Pep"to*nize, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To convert into peptone; to digest or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food.

PEPTONOID
Pep"to*noid, n. Etym: [Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance related to peptone.

PEPTONURIA
Pep`to*nu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Peptone, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.

PEPTOTOXINE
Pep`to*tox"ine, n. Etym: [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.

PEQUOTS
Pe"quots, n. pl.; sing. Pequot (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut.
[Written also Pequods.]

PER-
Per-. Etym: [See Per.]

1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very much.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements.

PER
Per, prep. Etym: [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.]

Defn: Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words. Per annum, by the year; in each successive year; annually. — Per cent, Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; — used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent. — Per diem, by the day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]

PERACT
Per*act", v. t. Etym: [L. peractus, p.p. of peragere.]

Defn: To go through with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester.

PERACUTE
Per`a*cute", a. Etym: [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.]

Defn: Very sharp; very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey.

PERADVENTURE Per`ad*ven"ture, adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. per aventure, F. par aventure. See Per, and Adventure.]

Defn: By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. "If peradventure he speak against me." Shak. Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii. 24.

PERADVENTURE
Per`ad*ven"ture, n.

Defn: Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved beyond peradventure. South.

PERAEOPOD
Pe*ræ"o*pod, n. Etym: [Gr. -pod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See Illust. of
Crustacea.

PERAGRATE
Per"a*grate, v. t. Etym: [L. peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.]

Defn: To travel over or through. [Obs.]

PERAGRATION
Per`agra"tion, n. Etym: [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.]

Defn: The act or state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PERAMBULATE
Per*am"bu*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perambulating.] Etym: [L. perambulatus, p.p. of perambulare to
perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.]

Defn: To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by walking over the whole line.

PERAMBULATE
Per*am"bu*late, v. i.

Defn: To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the park.

PERAMBULATION
Per*am`bu*la"tion, n.

1. The act of perambulating; traversing. Bacon.

2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc.

3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation." [Obs.] Holyday.

PERAMBULATOR
Per*am"bu*la`tor, n.

1. One who perambulates.

2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown by an index. See Odometer.

3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.

PERAMELES
Per`a*me"les, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. meles a badger.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marsupial of the genus Perameles, which includes numerous species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See Illust. under Bandicoot.

PERBEND
Per"bend, n.

Defn: See Perpender.

PERBREAK
Per"break`, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Parbreak.

PERBROMATE
Per*bro"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of perbromic acid.

PERBROMIC
Per*bro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4, of bromine.

PERBROMIDE
Per*bro"mide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bromide having a higher proportion of bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.

PERCA
Per"ca, n. Etym: [L., a perch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, including the fresh-water perch.

PERCALE
Per`cale", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, and often printed on one side, — used for women's and children's wear.

PERCALINE
Per`ca`line", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually of one color.

PERCARBIDE
Per*car"bide, n. Etym: [Pref. per- + carbide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]

PERCARBURET
Per*car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [Pref. per- + carburet.] (Chem.)

Defn: A percarbide. [Obsoles.]

PERCARBURETED
Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.

PERCASE
Per*case", adv. Etym: [OE. per cas. See Parcase.]

Defn: Perhaps; perchance. [Obs.] Bacon.

PERCE
Perce, v. t.

Defn: To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERCEIVABLE
Per*ceiv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perceived; perceptible.
— Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

PERCEIVANCE
Per*ceiv"ance, n.

Defn: Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and common perceivance." Milton.

PERCEIVE Per*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perceived; p. pr. & vb. n. Perceiving.] Etym: [OF. percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere, perceptum; per (see Per-) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and cf. Perception.]

1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a discord. Reid.

2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to see; to understand. Jesus perceived their wickedness. Matt. xxii. 18. You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. Shak. Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.

3. To be affected of influented by. [R.] The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter of tempests before the air here below. Bacon.

Syn. — To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand. — To Perceive, Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it. We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to discern whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We perceive light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We discern characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc." Crabb.

PERCEIVER
Per*ceiv"er, n.

Defn: One who perceives (in any of the senses of the verb). Milton.

PERCELY
Perce"ly, n.

Defn: Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERCENTAGE
Per*cent"age, n. Etym: [Per cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and
Cent.] (Com.)

Defn: A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.

PERCEPT
Per"cept, n. Etym: [From L. percipere, perceptum.]

Defn: That which is perceived. Sir W. Hamilton. The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one sensuous, the other intellectual. Max Müller.

PERCEPTIBILITY
Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perceptibilité.]

1. The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility of light or color.

2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More.

PERCEPTIBLE
Per*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See
Perceive.]

Defn: Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible;
perceivable.
With a perceptible blast of the air. Bacon.
— Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n.
— Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.

PERCEPTION
Per*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See
Perceive.]

1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities through the senses; — distinguished from conception. Sir W. Hamilton. Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own existence. Bentley.

3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.] This experiment discovereth perception in plants. Bacon.

4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Note: "The word perception is, in the language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he gave the names of perception and sensation. He ought perhaps to have called these perception proper and sensation proper, when employed in his special meaning." Sir W. Hamilton.

PERCEPTIVE
Per*cep"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perceptif.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the act or power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties." Motley.

PERCEPTIVITY
Per`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.
Locke.

PERCESOCES Per*ces"o*ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis, a pike.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.

PERCH Perch, n. [Written also pearch.] Etym: [OE. perche, F. perche, L. perca, fr. Gr. p spotted, speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zoöl.)

1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied genera of the family Percidæ, as the common American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, or Americana), and the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to
the Percidæ, Serranidæ, and related families, and resembling, more or
less, the true perches. Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The
flasher. (c) The sea bass.
— Blue perch, the cunner.
— Gray perch, the fresh-water drum.
— Red perch, the rosefish.
— Red-bellied perch, the long-eared pondfish.
— Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the
perch.
— Silver perch, the yellowtail.
— Stone, or Striped, perch, the pope.
— White perch, the Roccus, or Morone, Americanus, a small silvery
serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.

PERCH
Perch, n. Etym: [F. perche, L. pertica.]

1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat. As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in his hall. Chaucer. Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions. Tennyson.

2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16

3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; a reach.

PERCH
Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched; p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] Etym:
[F. percher. See Perch a pole.]

Defn: To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.
Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. Shak.

PERCH
Perch, v. t.

1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.

2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.

PERCHANCE
Per*chance", adv. Etym: [F. par by (L. per) + chance. See Par, and
Chance.]

Defn: By chance; perhaps; peradventure.

PERCHANT
Perch"ant, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by its fluttering.

PERCHER
Perch"er, n. Etym: [From Perch, v. i.]

1. One who, or that which, perches. J. Burroughs.

2. One of the Insessores.

3. Etym: [From Perch a pole.]

Defn: A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey.

PERCHERON
Per"che*ron, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of a breed of draught horses originating in Perche, an old district of France; — called also Percheron-Norman.

PERCHLORATE
Per*chlo"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of perchloric acid.

PERCHLORIC
Per*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO4), of chlorine; — called also hyperchloric.

PERCHLORIDE
Per*chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride having a higher proportion of chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.

PERCHROMIC
Per*chro"mic, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.

PERCIFORM
Per"ci*form, a. Etym: [NL., & L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Perciformes.

PERCIFORMES
Per`ci*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive tribe or suborder of fishes, including the true perches (Percidæ); the pondfishes (Centrarchidæ); the sciænoids (Sciænidæ); the sparoids (Sparidæ); the serranoids (Serranidæ), and some other related families.

PERCIPIENCE; PERCIPIENCY
Per*cip"i*ence, Per*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception. Mrs.
Browning.

PERCIPIENT
Per*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of percipere.
See Perceive.]

Defn: Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a percipient being. Bentley. — n.

Defn: One who, or that which, is percipient. Glanvill.

PERCLOSE Per*close", n. Etym: [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through + claudere, clausum, to shut.]

1. (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: Same as Parclose.

2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

PERCOID
Per"coid, a. Etym: [L. perca a perch + -oid: cf. F. percoïde.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family Percidæ.
— n.

Defn: Any fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family
Percidæ.

PERCOIDEA
Per*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Perciformes.

PERCOLATE
Per"co*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Percolating.] Etym: [L. percolatus, p.p. of percolare to percolate;
per through + colare to strain.]

Defn: To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.

PERCOLATE
Per"co*late, v. i.

Defn: To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through porous stone.

PERCOLATION
Per`co*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. percolatio.]

Defn: The act or process of percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically (Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through it.

PERCOLATOR
Per"co*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act as percolators." Henfrey.

PERCOMORPHI
Per`co*mor"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.

PERCULACED
Per"cu*laced, a. Etym: [Prob. corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.)

Defn: Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.

PERCURRENT Per*cur"rent, a. Etym: [L. percurrens, p.pr. of percurrere to run through; per through + currere to run.]

Defn: Running through the entire length.

PERCURSORY Per*cur"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. percursor one who runs through, fr. percurrere. See Percurrent.]

Defn: Running over slightly or in haste; cursory. [R.]

PERCUSS
Per*cuss", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percussed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Percussing.] Etym: [L. percussus, p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to
shake, strike. See Quash.]

Defn: To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as, to percuss the chest in medical examination. Flame percussed by air giveth a noise. Bacon.

PERCUSS
Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.)

Defn: To strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See
Percussion, 3. Quain.

PERCUSSION
Per*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See
Percuss.]

1. The act of percussing, or striking one body against another; forcible collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report. Sir I. Newton.

2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression of sound on the ear. The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds. Shak.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be immediate if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate. Center of percussion. See under Center. — Percussion bullet, a bullet containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive bullet. — Percussion cap, a small copper cap or cup, containing fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode gunpowder. — Percussion fuze. See under Fuze. — Percussion lock, the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder. — Percussion match, a match which ignites by percussion. — Percussion powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion; fulminating powder. — Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine for sorting ores by agitation in running water.

PERCUSSIVE
Per*cuss"ive, a.

Defn: Striking against; percutient; as, percussive force.

PERCUTIENT
Per*cu"tient, a. Etym: [L. percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See
Percuss.]

Defn: Striking; having the power of striking.
— n.

Defn: That which strikes, or has power to strike. Bacon.

PERDICINE
Per"di*cine, a. Etym: [See Perdix.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family Perdicidæ, or partridges.

PERDIE
Per*die", adv.

Defn: See Parde. Spenser.

PER DIEM
Per di"em. [L.]

Defn: By the day; substantively (chiefly U. S.), an allowance or amount of so much by the day.

PERDIFOIL
Per"di*foil, n. Etym: [L. perdere to lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: A deciduous plant; — opposed to Ant: evergreen. J. Barton.

PERDITION Per*di"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. para away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.]

1. Entire loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal death. The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. Shak. If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. J. M. Mason.

2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.

PERDITIONABLE
Per*di"tion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition. [R.] Pollok.

PERDIX
Per"dix, n. Etym: [L., a partridge, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word was used in a much wider sense to include many allied genera.

PERDU
Per*du", n. Etym: [See Perdu, a.]

1. One placed on watch, or in ambush.

2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak.

PERDU; PERDUE Per*du", Per*due", a. Etym: [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost, p.p. of perdre to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.]

1. Lost to view; in concealment or ambush; close. He should lie perdue who is to walk the round. Fuller.

2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence, reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl.

PERDUELLION
Per`du*el"lion, n. Etym: [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.]
(Civil Law)

Defn: Treason.

PERDULOUS
Per"du*lous, a. Etym: [See Perdu, a.]

Defn: Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp. Bramhall.

PERDURABILITY
Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer.

PERDURABLE
Per*dur"a*ble, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perdurable, OE. pardurable. See
Perdure.]

Defn: Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] Chaucer.
Shak.
— Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]

PERDURANCE; PERDURATION
Per*dur"ance, Per`du*ra"tion, n.

Defn: Long continuance. [Archaic]

PERDURE
Per*dure", v. i. Etym: [L. perdurare; per trough + durare to last.]

Defn: To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting.
[Archaic]
The mind perdures while its energizing may construct a thousand
lines. Hickok.

PERDY
Per*dy", adv.

Defn: Truly. See Parde. [Obs.]
Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right. Spenser.

PERE
Pere, n.

Defn: A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEREGAL Per*e"gal, a. Etym: [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L. aequalis.]

Defn: Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser.

PEREGRINATE Per"e*gri*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to travel. See Pilgrim.]

Defn: To travel from place to place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.

PEREGRINATE
Per"e*gri*nate, a. Etym: [L. peregrinatus, p.p.]

Defn: Having traveled; foreign. [Obs.] Shak.

PEREGRINATION
Per`e*gri*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. peregrinatio: cf. F. pérégrination.]

Defn: A traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign countries. "His peregrination abroad." Bacon.

PEREGRINATOR
Per"e*gri*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who peregrinates; one who travels about.

PEREGRINE
Per"e*grine, a. Etym: [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.]

Defn: Foreign; not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] "Peregrine and preternatural heat." Bacon. Peregrine falcon (Zoöl.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the throat. Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and great-footed hawk.

PEREGRINE
Per"e*grine, n.

Defn: The peregrine falcon.

PEREGRINITY
Per`e*grin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. peregrinitas: cf. F. pérégrinité.]

1. Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.] "Somewhat of a peregrinity in their dialect." Johnson.

2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle.

PEREL
Per"el, n.

Defn: Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEREMPT
Per*empt", v. t. Etym: [L. peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away
entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See
Redeem.] (Law)

Defn: To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe.

PEREMPTION
Per*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. peremptio: cf. F. péremption.] (Law)

Defn: A quashing; a defeating. [Obs.]

PEREMPTORILY
Per"emp*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a peremptory manner; absolutely; positively. Bacon.

PEREMPTORINESS
Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.

PEREMPTORY Per"emp*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive, final: cf. F. péremptorie. See Perempt.]

1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive; conclusive; final. Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get thither. Jer. Taylor.

2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical. Be not too positive and peremptory. Bacon. Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. Shak.

3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak. Peremptory challenge (Law) See under Challenge. — Peremptory mandamus, a final and absolute mandamus. — Peremptory plea, a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar.

Syn. — Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; arbitrary; dogmatical.

PERENNIAL Per*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. perennis that lasts the whole year through; per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.]

1. ing or continuing through the year; as, perennial fountains.

2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; never failing. The perennial existence of bodies corporate. Burke.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or root, or plant.

Syn. — Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; permanent; uninterrupted.

PERENNIAL
Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.

PERENNIALLY
Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perennial manner.

PERENNIBRANCHIATA
Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Perennial, and
Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Those Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the menobranchus.

PERENNIBRANCHIATE
Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate, a. Etym: [See Perennial, and Branchiate.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Having branchæ, or gills, through life; — said especially of certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.

PERENNITY
Per*en"ni*ty, n. Etym: [L. perennitas.]

Defn: The quality of being perennial. [R.] Derham.

PERERRATION Per`er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander through.]

Defn: A wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell.

PERFECT Per"fect, a. Etym: [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F. parfait, L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere to carry to the end, to perform, finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See Fact.]

1. Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct. My strength is made perfect in weakness. 2 Cor. xii. 9. Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. Shak. I fear I am not in my perfect mind. Shak. O most entire perfect sacrifice! Keble. God made thee perfect, not immutable. Milton.

2. Well informed; certain; sure. I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. Shak.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; — said of flower. Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. — Perfect chord (Mus.), a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave. — Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. — Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state completed.

Syn. — Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless; unblemished.

PERFECT
Per"fect, n.

Defn: The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.

PERFECT
Per"fect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfected; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfecting.]
Etym: [L. perfectus, p.p. of perficere. See Perfect, a.]

Defn: To make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind. God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. 1 John iv. 12. Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. Locke. Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine.

Syn.
— To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.

PERFECTER
Per"fect*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . . perfecter of our faith." Barrow.

PERFECTIBILIAN
Per*fect`i*bil"i*an, n.

Defn: A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev.

PERFECTIBILIST
Per`fec*tib"i*list, n.

Defn: A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2. [R.]

PERFECTIBILITY
Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perfectibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perfectible.

PERFECTIBLE
Per*fect"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perfectible.]

Defn: Capable of becoming, or being made, perfect.

PERFECTION
Per*fec"tion, n. Etym: [F. perfection, L. perfectio.]

1. The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill, or moral excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence; maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection.

2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence. Shak. What tongue can her perfections tell Sir P. Sidney. To perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to imitate a model to perfection.

PERFECTION
Per*fec"tion, v. t.

Defn: To perfect. [Obs.] Foote.

PERFECTIONAL
Per*fec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection.
[R.] Bp. Pearson.

PERFECTIONATE
Per*fec"tion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To perfect. Dryden.

PERFECTIONISM
Per*fec"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Perfectionists.

PERFECTIONIST
Per*fec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to moral perfection and sinlessness in this life. South.

PERFECTIONMENT
Per*fec"tion*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perfectionnement.]

Defn: The act of bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection. [R.] I. Taylor.

PERFECTIVE
Per*fect"ive, a.

Defn: Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring to
perfection; — usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration."
Fuller.
Actions perfective of their natures. Ray.

PERFECTIVELY
Per*fec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfective manner.

PERFECTLY
Per"fect*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly. "Perfectly divine." Milton. As many as touched were made perfectly whole. Matt. xiv. 36.

PERFECTNESS
Per"fect*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perfect; perfection. "Charity, which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14.

PERFERVID
Per*fer"vid, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + fervid.]

Defn: Very fervid; too fervid; glowing; ardent.

PERFICIENT
Per*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform.
See Perfect.]

Defn: Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.]
Blackstone.

PERFICIENT
Per*fi"cient, n.

Defn: One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one who endows a charity. [R.]

PERFIDIOUS
Per*fid"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. perfidious.]

1. Guilty of perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious friend. Shak.

2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy. "Involved in this perfidious fraud." Milton.

PERFIDIOUSLY
Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfidious manner.

PERFIDIOUSNESS
Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being perfidious; perfidy. Clarendon.

PERFIDY
Per"fi*dy, n.; pl. Perfidies. Etym: [L. perfidia, fr. L. perfidus
faithless; per (cf. Skr. para away) + fides faith: cf. F. perfidie.
See Faith.]

Defn: The act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a
promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; teachery.
The ambition and perfidy of tyrants. Macaulay.
His perfidy to this sacred engagement. DeQuincey.

PERFIT
Per"fit, a.

Defn: Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERFIX
Per*fix", v. t. Etym: [Pref. per- + fix.]

Defn: To fix surely; to appoint. [Obs.]

PERFLABLE
Per"fla*ble, a. Etym: [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.]

Defn: Capable of being blown through. [Obs.]

PERFLATE Per*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. perflatus, p.p. of perflare to blow through.]

Defn: To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey.

PERFLATION
Per*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. perflatio.]

Defn: The act of perflating. [Obs.] Woodward.

PERFOLIATE
Per*fo"li*ate, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the basal part produced around the stem; — said of leaves which the stem apparently passes directory through.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.

PERFORATA Per`fo*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Perforate.] (Zoöl.) (a) A division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as Porites and Madrepora; — opposed to Aporosa. (b) A division of Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.

PERFORATE
Per"fo*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perforating.] Etym: [L. perforatus, p.p. of perforare to perforate;
per through + forare to bore. See Bore, v.]

Defn: To bore through; to pierce through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of. Bacon.

PERFORATE; PERFORATED
Per"fo*rate, Per"fo*ra`ted, a.

Defn: Pierced with a hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.

PERFORATION
Per`fo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perforation.]

1. The act of perforating, or of boring or piercing through. Bacon.

2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture. "Slender perforations." Sir T. Browne.

PERFORATIVE
Per"fo*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perforatif.]

Defn: Having power to perforate or pierce.

PERFORATOR
Per"fo*ra`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perforateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, perforates; esp., a cephalotome.

PERFORCE
Per*force", adv. Etym: [F. par (L. per) + force.]

Defn: By force; of necessary; at any rate. Shak.

PERFORCE
Per*force", v. t.

Defn: To force; to compel. [Obs.]

PERFORM Per*form", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Performed; p. pr. & vb. n. Performing.] Etym: [OE. performen, parfourmen, parfournen, OF. parfornir, parfournir, to finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by form; cf. L. performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.]

1. To carry through; to bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to do. I will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things for me. Ps. lvii. 2. Great force to perform what they did attempt. Sir P. Sidney.

2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to perform a promise or a vow. To perform your father's will. Shak.

3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama. Perform a part thou hast not done before. Shak.

Syn. — To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge; fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.

PERFORM
Per*form", v. i.

Defn: To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform poorly; the musician performs on the organ.

PERFORMABLE
Per*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; practicable.

PERFORMANCE
Per*form"ance, n.

Defn: The act of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a duty. Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible. Paley.

2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual performances." Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay.

Syn. — Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.

PERFORMER
Per*form"er, n.

Defn: One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill and training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on the harp.

PERFRICATE
Per"fri*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.]

Defn: To rub over. Bailey.

PERFUMATORY
Per*fu"ma*to*ry, a.

Defn: Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E. Leigh.

PERFUME
Per*fume", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfuming.]
Etym: [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to
smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.]

Defn: To fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies. Pope.

PERFUME
Per"fume, n. Etym: [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.]

1. The scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet- smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma. No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field. Pope.

2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor. And thou shalt make it a perfume. Ex. xxx. 35.

PERFUMER
Per*fum"er, n.

1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.

2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.

PERFUMERY
Per*fum"er*y, n.

1. Perfumes, in general.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. parfumerie.]

Defn: The art of preparing perfumes.

PERFUNCTORILY
Per*func"to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly. Boyle.

PERFUNCTORINESS
Per*func"to*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perfunctory.

PERFUNCTORY Per*func"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched, p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to perform. See Function.]

1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. Macaulay.

2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in his devotions." Sharp.

PERFUNCTURATE
Per*func"tu*rate, v. t.

Defn: To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently. [R.]

PERFUSE
Per*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused; p. pr. & vb. n. Perfusing.]
Etym: [L. perfusus, p.p. of perfundere to pour over; per + fundere to
pour.]

Defn: To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.

PERFUSION
Per*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. perfusio.]

Defn: The act of perfusing.

PERFUSIVE
Per*fu"sive, a.

Defn: Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.

PERGAMENOUS; PERGAMENTACEOUS Per`ga*me"no*us, Per`ga*men*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. pergamena parchment. See Parchment.]

Defn: Like parchment.

PERGOLA
Per"go*la, n. [It., fr. L. pergula shed, shop, vine arbor.]

Defn: Lit., an arbor or bower; specif.: (Italian art)

Defn: An arbor or trellis treated architecturally, as with stone columns or similar massive structure.

PERGOLO
Per"go*lo, n. [It.]

Defn: A continuous colonnade or arcade; — applied to the decorative groups of windows, as in Venetian palazzi.

PERHAPS
Per*haps", adv. Etym: [Per + hap chance.]

Defn: By chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be. And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven thee. Acts viii. 22.

PERI-
Per"i-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is needed; perispherical, quite spherical.

PERI
Pe"ri, n.; pl. Peris. Etym: [Per. peri a female genus, a fairy.]
(Persian Myth.)

Defn: An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore.

PERIAGUA
Per`i*a"gua, n.

Defn: See Pirogue.

PERIANTH Per"i*anth, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. périanthe.] (Bot.) (a) The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of Hepatica.

PERIANTHIUM
Per`i*an"thi*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: The perianth.

PERIAPT
Per"i*apt, n. Etym: [Gr. périapte.]

Defn: A charm worn as a protection against disease or mischief; an
amulet. Coleridge.
Now help, ye charming spells and periapts. Shak.

PERIASTRAL
Per`i*as"tral, a.

Defn: Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral passage." R.
A. Proctor.

PERIASTRON
Per`i*as"tron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.

PERIAUGER
Per"i*au"ger, n.

Defn: See Pirogue. W. Irving.

PERIBLAST
Per"i*blast, a. Etym: [Gr. Peri-, and -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation. — Per`i*blas"tic, a.

PERIBLEM
Per"i*blem, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.

PERIBOLOS
Pe*rib"o*los, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. peribolus.]

Defn: In ancient architecture, an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.

PERIBRANCHIAL
Per`i*bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the branchiæ; as, a peribranchial cavity.

PERIBRANCHIAL
Per`i*bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes; as, the peribronchial lymphatics.

PERICAMBIUM
Per`i*cam"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.)

Defn: A layer of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain new vessels originate.

PERICARDIAC; PERICARDIAL
Per`i*car"di*ac, Per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart. Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the pericardium.

PERICARDIAN
Per`i*car"di*an, a.

Defn: Pericardiac.

PERICARDIC
Per`i*car"dic, a.

Defn: Pericardiac.

PERICARDITUS
Per`i*car*di"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison.

PERICARDIUM
Per`i*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The double baglike fold of serous membrane which incloses the heart.

Note: The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart, and is called the cardiac pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.

PERICARP
Per"i*carp, n. Etym: [Gr. péricarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of
Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.

PERICARPIAL; PERICARPIC
Per`i*car"pi*al, Per`i*car"pic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pericarp.

PERICELLULAR
Per`i*cel"lu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding a cell; as, the pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells.

PERICHAETH
Per"i*chæth, n. Etym: [See Perichætium.] (Bot.)

Defn: The leafy involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perichætium; perichete.

PERICHAETIAL
Per`i*chæ"ti*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perichæth.

PERICHAETIUM
Per`i*chæ"ti*um, n.; pl. Perichætia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Perichæth.

PERICHAETOUS
Per`i*chæ"tous, a. Etym: [See Perichætium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounded by setæ; — said of certain earthworms (genus
Perichætus).

PERICHETE
Per"i*chete, n.

Defn: Same as Perichæth.

PERICHONDRIAL
Per`i*chon"dri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perichondrium; situated around cartilage.

PERICHONDRITIS
Per`i*chon*dri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the perichondrium.

PERICHONDRIUM
Per`i*chon"dri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces.

PERICHORDAL
Per`i*chor"dal, a.

Defn: Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column. See Epichordal.

PERICLASE; PERICLASITE
Per"i*clase, Per`i*cla"site, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric crystals.

PERICLINIUM
Per`i*clin"i*um, n.; pl. Periclinia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite flowers.

PERICLITATE Pe*ric"li*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari, fr. periculum.]

Defn: To endanger. [Obs.]
Periclitating, pardi! the whole family. Sterne.

PERICLITATION
Pe*ric`li*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. periclitatio: cf. F. périclitation.]

1. Trial; experiment. [Obs.]

2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.]

PERICOPE
Pe*ric"o*pe, n. Etym: [L., section of a book, Gr.

Defn: A selection or extract from a book; especially (Theol.), a selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.

PERICRANIAL
Per`i*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pericranium.

PERICRANIUM
Per`i*cra"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The periosteum which covers the cranium externally; the region around the cranium.

PERICULOUS
Pe*ric"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. periculosus. See Perilous.]

Defn: Dangerous; full of peril. [Obs.]

PERICULUM
Pe*ric"u*lum, n.; pl. Pericula. Etym: [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law)

1. Danger; risk.

2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation.

PERICYSTITIS
Per`i*cys*ti"tis, n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cystitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder.

PERIDERM
Per"i*derm, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer layer of bark.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine animals; the perisarc.

PERIDIASTOLE
Per`i*di*as"to*le, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The almost inappreciable time which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.

PERIDIUM
Pe*rid"i*um, n.; pl. Peridia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and earthstars.

PERIDOT
Per"i*dot, n. Etym: [F. péridot.] (Min.)

Defn: Chrysolite.

PERIDOTITE
Per"i*do*tite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. péridotite.] (Min.)

Defn: An eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to serpentine.

Note: The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or less altered peridotite.

PERIDROME
Per"i*drome, n. Etym: [Gr. péridrome.] (Archæol.)

Defn: The space between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a
Greek or a Roman temple.

PERIECIANS
Per`i*e"cians, n. pl.

Defn: See Perioecians.

PERIENTERON
Per`i*en"te*ron, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.)

Defn: The primitive perivisceral cavity.

PERIERGY
Per"i*er`gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.]

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A bombastic or labored style. [R.]

PERIGANGLIONIC
Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding a ganglion; as, the periganglionic glands of the frog.

PERIGASTRIC
Per`i*gas"tric, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounding the stomach; — applied to the body cavity of
Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.

PERIGEAN
Per`i*ge"an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the perigee. Perigean tides, those spring tides which occur soon after the moon passes her perigee.

PERIGEE; PERIGEUM
Per"i*gee, Per`i*ge"um, n. Etym: [NL. perigeum, fr. Gr. périgée.]
(Astron.)

Defn: That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; — opposed to Ant: apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee, epigeum.

PERIGENESIS
Per`i*gen"e*sis, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A theory which explains inheritance by the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one generation to another.

PERIGENETIC
Per`i*gen"e*tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to perigenesis.

PERIGONE
Per"i*gone, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr.

1. (Bot.) (a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth. (b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.

PERIGONIUM
Per`i*go"ni*um, n.; pl. Perigonia. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Perigone.

PERIGORD PIE
Per"i*gord pie`. Etym: [From Périgord, a former province of France.]

Defn: A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.

PERIGRAPH
Per"i*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything. Etym: [R.]

PERIGYNIUM
Per`i*gyn"i*um, n.; pl. Perigynia. Etym: [NL. See Perigynous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of the Sedge family, or Cyperaceæ.

PERIGYNOUS
Pe*rig"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; — said of flower such as that of the cherry or peach.

PERIHELION; PERIHELIUM
Per`i*hel"ion, Per`i*he"li*um, n.; pl. Perihelia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Astron.)

Defn: That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest to the sun; — opposed to Ant: aphelion.

PERIL
Per"il, n. Etym: [F. péril, fr. L. periculum, periclum, akin to
peritus experienced, skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf.
Experience.]

Defn: Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property
to injury, loss, or destruction.
In perils of waters, in perils of robbers. 2 Cor. xi. 26.
Adventure hard With peril great achieved. Milton.
At, or On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of.
"On thy soul's peril." Shak.

Syn.
— Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger.

PERIL
Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periled or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Periling or Perilling.]

Defn: To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as, to peril one's life.

PERIL
Per"il, v. i.

Defn: To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton.

PERILLA
Pe*ril"la, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of labiate herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage.

PERILOUS Per"il*ous, a. Etym: [OF. perillous, perilleus, F. périlleux, L. periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.]

1. Full of, attended with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a perilous undertaking. Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds. Milton.

2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer.
For I am perilous with knife in hand. Chaucer.
— Per"il*ous*ly, adv.
— Per"il*ous*ness, n.

PERILYMPH
Per"i*lymph, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The fluid which surrounds the membranous labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the chambers in which the labyrinth lies.

PERILYMPHANGIAL
Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic vessel.

PERILYMPHATIC Per`i*lym*phat"ic, a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, perilymph. (b) Perilymphangial.

PERIMETER
Per*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. périmètre.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all the sides.

2. An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of vision.

PERIMETRIC; PERIMETRICAL
Per`i*met"ric, Per`i*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a perimetric chart of the eye.

PERIMETRY
Per*im"e*try, n.

Defn: The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the field of vision.

PERIMORPH
Per"i*morph, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See
Endomorph.

PERIMYSIAL Per`i*my"sial, a. (Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the perimysium.

PERIMYSIUM
Per`i*my"si*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers.

PERINAEUM
Per`i*næ"um, n.

Defn: See Perineum.

PERINEAL
Per`i*ne"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the perineum.

PERINEOPLASTY
Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Perineum + -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or process of restoring an injured perineum.

PERINEORRHAPHY
Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy, n. Etym: [Perineum + Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum.

PERINEPHRITIS
Per`i*ne*phri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney.
— Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a.

PERINEUM
Per`i*ne"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The region which is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the urinogenital canal and the rectum.

PERINEURIAL
Per`i*neu"ri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or pertaining to the perineurium.

PERINEURIUM
Per`i*neu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and Neurilemma.

PERINUCLEAR
Per`i*nu"cle*ar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear protoplasm.

PERIOD
Pe"ri*od, n. Etym: [L. periodus, Gr. période.]

1. A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a comet.

2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the period of the Roman republic. How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period. Bacon.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.

4. The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a conclusion. Bacon. So spake the archangel Michael; then paused, As at the world's great period. Milton. Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a period. Jer. Taylor. This is the period of my ambition. Shak.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a
well-proportioned, harmonious sentence. "Devolved his rounded
periods." Tennyson.
Periods are beautiful when they are not too long. B. Johnson.

Note: The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence consisting of a protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the appropriate form for the coördinate propositions related by antithesis or causality. Gibbs.

6. (Print.)

Defn: The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated word.

7. (Math.)

Defn: One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.

8. (Med.)

Defn: The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: A complete musical sentence. The period, the present or current time, as distinguished from all other times.

Syn. — Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end; conclusion; determination.

PERIOD
Pe"ri*od, v. t.

Defn: To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.

PERIOD
Pe"ri*od, v. i.

Defn: To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may period upon this, that," etc. Felthman.

PERIODATE
Per*i"o*date, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of periodic acid.

PERIODIC
Per`i*od"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO

PERIODIC; PERIODICAL Pe`ri*od"ic, Pe`ri*od"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. periodicus, Gr. périodique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods. The periodicaltimes of all the satellites. Sir J. Herschel.

2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the planets round the sun.

3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics. The periodic return of a plant's flowering. Henslow. To influence opinion through the periodical press. Courthope.

4. (Rhet.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence. Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to the sun. — Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are hence called doubly periodic. — Periodic law (Chem.), the generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the entire series." The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements. TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (The vertical columns contain the periodic groups) Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{ 10{ 11{ 12{ ————————————————————————————- ——-|I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. | RH4 RH3 RH3 RH |R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4 ———————————————————————- ———————-H 1 Li 7 Na 23 K 39 (Cu) 63 Rb 85.2 (Ag) (108) Cs 133 (-) (-) (Au) (197) (-) ——————————————————————— —————————-

Note: A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium. — Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods. — Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.), the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a satellite about its primary.

PERIODICAL
Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n.

Defn: A magazine or other publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.

PERIODICALIST
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.

PERIODICALLY
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a periodical manner.

PERIODICALNESS
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: Periodicity.

PERIODICITY
Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty, n.; pl. Periodicities. Etym: [Cf. F. périodicité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, the periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants. Henfrey.

PERIODIDE
Per*i"o*dide, n. Etym: [Pref. per- + iodide.]

Defn: An iodide containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance or series.

PERIODONTAL
Per`i*o*don"tal, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the teeth.

PERIODOSCOPE
Pe`ri*od"o*scope, n. Etym: [Period + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: A table or other means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison.

PERIOECI; PERIOECIANS
Per`i*oe"ci, Per`i*oe"cians, n. pl. Etym: [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr.

Defn: Those who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other. Compare Antoeci.

PERIOPLE
Per"i*o*ple, n. Etym: [F. périople, from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.

PERIOPLIC
Per`i*op"lic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the periople; connected with the periople.

PERIOSTEAL
Per`i*os"te*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated around bone; of or pertaining to the periosteum.

PERIOSTEUM
Per`i*os"te*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. periosteon.] (Anat.)

Defn: The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.

PERIOSTITIS
Per`i*os*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the periosteum.

PERIOSTRACUM
Per`i*os"tra*cum, n.; pl. Periostraca. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells; — called also epidermis.

PERIOTIC
Per`i*o"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; as, the periotic capsule. — n.

Defn: A periotic bone.

PERIPATECIAN
Per`i*pa*te"cian, n.

Defn: A peripatetic. [Obs.]

PERIPATETIC
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, a. Etym: [L. peripateticus, Gr. péripatétique.]

1. Walking about; itinerant.

2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell.

PERIPATETIC
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n.

1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. Tatler.

2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.

PERIPATETICAL
Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al, a.

Defn: Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.

PERIPATETICISM
Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. péripatétisme.]

Defn: The doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See
Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond. Sat. Rev.

PERIPATUS
Pe*rip"a*tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa,
Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.

PERIPETALOUS
Per`i*pet"al*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Surrounding, or situated about, the petals.

PERIPHERAL
Pe*riph"er*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery; peripheric.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion of the nervous system.

PERIPHERIC; PERIPHERICAL
Per`i*pher"ic, Per`i*pher"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. périphérique. See
Periphery.]

Defn: See Peripheral.

PERIPHERY Pe*riph"er*y, n.; pl. Peripheries. Etym: [L. peripheria, Gr. périphérie.]

1. The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.

PERIPHRASE
Per"i*phrase, n. Etym: [L. periphrasis, Gr. périphrase. See Phrase.]
(Rhet.)

Defn: The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution. "To describe by enigmatic periphrases." De Quincey.

PERIPHRASE
Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased; p. pr. & vb. n.
Periphrasing.] Etym: [Cf. F. périphraser.]

Defn: To express by periphrase or circumlocution.

PERIPHRASE
Per"i*phrase, v. i.

Defn: To use circumlocution.

PERIPHRASIS
Pe*riph"ra*sis, n.; pl. Periphrases. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Periphrase.

PERIPHRASTIC; PERIPHRASTICAL
Per`i*phras"tic, Per`i*phras"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. périphrastique.]

Defn: Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory. Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.

PERIPHRASTICALLY
Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With circumlocution.

PERIPLAST
Per"i*plast, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Periblast.
— Per`i*plas"tic, a. Huxley.

PERIPNEUMONIA; PERIPNEUMONY Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a, Per`ip*neu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. peripneumonia, Gr. péripneumonie. See Peri-, Pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Pneumonia. (Obsoles.)

PERIPNEUMONIC Per`ip*neu*mon"ic, a. Etym: [L. peripneumonicus, Gr. péripneumonique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.

PERIPROCT
Per"i*proct, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.

PERIPROCTITIS
Per`i*proc*ti"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.

PERIPTERAL
Pe*rip"ter*al, a. Etym: [Gr., fr. (Arch.)

Defn: Having columns on all sides; — said of an edifice. See
Apteral.

PERIPTEROUS
Pe*rip"ter*ous, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Peripteral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feathered all around.

PERIPTERY
Pe*rip"ter*y, n. [Gr. flying round about.]

Defn: The region surrounding a moving body, such as the wing of a bird or a gliding aëroplane, within which cyclic or vortical motion of the air occur.

PERIQUE
Pe*rique", n. [Louisiana F.]

Defn: A kind of tobacco with medium-sized leaf, small stem, tough and gummy fiber, raised in Louisiana, and cured in its own juices, so as to be very dark colored, usually black. It is marketed in tightly wrapped rolls called carottes.

PERISARC
Per"i*sarc, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.

PERISCIAN
Pe*ris"cian, a. Etym: [Gr. périscien.]

Defn: Having the shadow moving all around.

PERISCIANS; PERISCII
Pe*ris"cians, Pe*ris"ci*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Periscian.]

Defn: Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the compass.

PERISCOPE
Per"i*scope, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + -scope.]

Defn: A general or comprehensive view. [R.]

PERISCOPIC
Per`i*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. périscopique.]

Defn: Viewing all around, or on all sides. Periscopic spectacles (Opt.), spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed obliquely.

PERISH Per"ish, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished; p. pr. & vb. n. Perishing.] Etym: [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. périr, p.pr. périssant, L. perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through + ire to go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.]

Defn: To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost;
to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.
I perish with hunger! Luke xv. 17.
Grow up and perish, as the summer fly. Milton.
The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking. Locke.

PERISH
Per"ish, v. t.

Defn: To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.

PERISHABILITY
Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Perishableness.

PERISHABLE
Per"ish*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. périssable.]

Defn: Liable to perish; subject to decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable goods; our perishable bodies.

PERISHABLENESS
Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perishable; liability to decay or destruction. Locke.

PERISHABLY
Per"ish*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a perishable degree or manner.

PERISHMENT
Per"ish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. perissement.]

Defn: The act of perishing. [R.] Udall.

PERISOMA
Per`i*so"ma, n.; pl. Perisomata. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Perisome.

PERISOME
Per"i*some, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or coelenterate; the integument.

PERISPERM
Per"i*sperm, n. Etym: [F. périsperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.)

Defn: The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the embryo sac. — Per`i*sper"mic, a.

PERISPHERIC; PERISPHERICAL
Per`i*spher"ic, Per`i*spher"ic*al, a.

Defn: Exactly spherical; globular.

PERISPOMENON
Per`i*spom"e*non, n.; pl. Perispomena. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Gr.
Gram.)

Defn: A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.
Goodwin.

PERISPORE
Per"i*spore, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer covering of a spore.

PERISSAD
Per"is*sad, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Odd; not even; — said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with artiad.

PERISSE
Per"isse, v. i.

Defn: To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERISSODACTYL
Per`is*so*dac"tyl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Perissodactyla.

PERISSODACTYLA
Per`is*so*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; — opposed to Artiodactyla.

PERISSOLOGICAL
Per`is*so*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. périssologique.]

Defn: Redundant or excessive in words. [R.]

PERISSOLOGY
Per`is*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. perissologia, Gr.

Defn: Superfluity of words. [R.] G. Campbell.

PERISTALSIS
Per`i*stal"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Peristaltic contraction or action.

PERISTALTIC
Per`i*stal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. péristaltique.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic movement. — Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly, adv.

PERISTERIA
Per`is*te"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Peristerion.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.

PERISTERION
Per`is*te"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. peristereon.] (Bot.)

Defn: The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).

PERISTERITE
Pe*ris"ter*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.

PERISTEROMORPHOUS
Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. -morphous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the pigeons or Columbæ.

PERISTEROPODOUS
Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having pigeonlike feet; — said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.

PERISTOLE
Pe*ris"to*le, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. péristole. See Peristaltic.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.

PERISTOMA
Pe*ris"to*ma, n.; pl. Peristomata. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Peristome.

PERISTOME
Per"i*stome, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either single or double.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell. (b) The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.

PERISTOMIAL
Per`i*sto"mi*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a peristome.

PERISTOMIUM
Per`i*sto"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: Same as Peristome.

PERISTREPHIC
Per`i*streph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Turning around; rotatory; revolving; as, a peristrephic painting (of a panorama).

PERISTYLE
Per"i*style, n. Etym: [L. peristylum, Gr. péristyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: A range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in the former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of a Roman dwelling, the peristyle. See Colonnade.

PERISYSTOLE Per`i*sys"to*le, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + systole: cf. F. périsystole.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It is perceptible only in the dying.

PERITE
Pe*rite", a. Etym: [L. peritus.]

Defn: Skilled. [Obs.]

PERITHECIUM
Per`i*the"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the masses of fructification. Henslow.

PERITOMOUS
Pe*rit"o*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Peri-, and Tome.] (Min.)

Defn: Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the axis.

PERITONAEUM
Per`i*to*næ"um, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Peritoneum.

PERITONEAL
Per`i*to*ne"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. péritonéal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the peritoneum.

PERITONEUM
Per`i*to*ne"um, n. Etym: [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac. [Written also peritonæum.]

PERITONITIS
Per`i*to*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the peritoneum.

PERITRACHEAL
Per`i*tra"che*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Surrounding the tracheæ.

PERITREME Per"i*treme, n. Etym: [Pref. peri- + Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) That part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. (b) The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.

PERITRICHA
Pe*rit"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See Vorticella.

PERITROCHIUM
Per`i*tro"chi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Mech.)

Defn: The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the axis in peritrochio, which see under Axis.

PERITROPAL
Per*it"ro*pal, a. Etym: [Gr. péritrope.]

1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.]

2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the pericarp to which it is attached.

PERITROPOUS
Per*it"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Peritropal.

PERITYPHLITIS
Per`i*typh*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the connective tissue about the cæcum.

PERIUTERINE
Per`i*u"ter*ine, a. (Med.)

Defn: Surrounding the uterus.

PERIVASCULAR
Per`i*vas"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular lymphatics.

PERIVERTEBRAL
Per`i*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Surrounding the vertebræ.

PERIVISCERAL
Per`i*vis"cer*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Around the viscera; as, the perivisceral cavity.

PERIVITELLINE
Per`i*vi*tel"line, a. Etym: [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.)

Defn: Situated around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an ovum.

PERIWIG Per"i*wig, n. Etym: [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F. perruque; cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.]

Defn: A headdress of false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the natural hair; a wig. Shak.

PERIWIG
Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perwigged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perwigging.]

Defn: To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift.

PERIWINKLE
Per"i*win`kle, n. Etym: [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which
pine- is fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. Winkle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The common European species (Littorina littorea), in Europe extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the American coast. See Littorina.

Note: In America the name is often applied to several large univalves, as Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata.

PERIWINKLE Per"i*win`kle, n. Etym: [OE. pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L. pervinca.] (Bot.)

Defn: A trailing herb of the genus Vinca.

Note: The common perwinkle (Vinca minor) has opposite evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America it is often miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle.

PERJENET
Per"jen*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.]

Defn: A kind of pear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERJURE
Per"jure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perjured; p. pr. & vb. n. Perjuring.]
Etym: [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over +
jurare to swear. See Jury.]

1. To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; — often used reflexively; as, he perjured himself. Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal. Shak.

2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.
[Obs.]
And with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her. J.
Fletcher.

Syn. — To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate or according to law.

PERJURE
Per"jure, n. Etym: [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.]

Defn: A perjured person. [Obs.] Shak.

PERJURED
Per"jured, a.

Defn: Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. Shak.
"Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10. "Their perjured oath." Spenser.

PERJURER
Per"jur*er, n.

Defn: One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any sense.

PERJURIOUS; PERJUROUS
Per*ju"ri*ous, Per"ju*rous, a. Etym: [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.]

Defn: Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B.
Johnson.

PERJURY
Per"ju*ry, n.; pl. Perjuries. Etym: [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.]

1. False swearing.

2. (Law)

Defn: At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully false affirmations.

Note: If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.

PERK
Perk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked; p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.] Etym:
[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.]

Defn: To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.

PERK
Perk, v. i.

Defn: To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk over them." Barrow. To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily. Pope.

PERK
Perk, a.

Defn: Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock."
Spenser.

PERK
Perk, v. i.

Defn: To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.

PERKIN
Per"kin, n.

Defn: A kind of weak perry.

PERKINISM
Per"kin*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected part; tractoration, — first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich, Conn. See Metallotherapy.

PERKY
Perk"y, a.

Defn: Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.
There amid perky larches and pines. Tennyson.

PERLACEOUS
Per*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Pearl.]

Defn: Pearly; resembling pearl.

PERLID
Per"lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect of the genus Perla, or family Perlidæ. See Stone fly, under Stone.

PERLITE
Per"lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Pearlite.

PERLITIC
Per*lit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.

PERLOUS
Per"lous, a.

Defn: Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.

PERLUSTRATION Per`lus*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to survey. See 3d Luster.]

Defn: The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.

PERMANABLE
Per"ma*na*ble, a.

Defn: Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.

PERMANENCE; PERMANENCY
Per"ma*nence, Per"ma*nen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. permanence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the permanence of nature.

PERMANENT Per"ma*nent, a. Etym: [L. permanens, -entis, p.pr. of permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.]

Defn: Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent impression. Eternity stands permanent and fixed. Dryden. Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; — also called incondensible or incoercible gases, before their liquefaction in 1877. — Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a finished railway; — so called in distinction from the contractor's temporary way. — Permanent white (Chem.), barium sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.

Syn.
— Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting.

PERMANENTLY
Per"ma*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a permanent manner.

PERMANGANATE
Per*man"ga*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of permanganic acid. Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See
Potassium permanganate, under Potassium.

PERMANGANIC
Per`man*gan"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, one of the higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called permanganates.

PERMANSION
Per*man"sion, n. Etym: [L. permansio. See Permanent.]

Defn: Continuance. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PERMEABILITY
Per`me*a*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perméabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being permeable. Magnetic permeability (Physics), the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic force. Sir W. Thomson.

PERMEABLE
Per"me*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. permeabilis: cf. F. perméable. See
Permeate.]

Defn: Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; — used especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is permeable to light. I. Taylor.

PERMEABLY
Per"me*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a permeable manner.

PERMEANCE
Per"me*ance, n. [See Permeant.]

Defn: Permeation; specif. (Magnetism),

Defn: the reciprocal of reluctance.

PERMEANT
Per"me*ant, a. Etym: [L. permeans, p.pr.]

Defn: Passing through; permeating. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PERMEATE
Per"me*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Permeating.] Etym: [L. permeatus, p.p. of permeare to permeate; per +
meare to go, pass.]

1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; — applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture; as, water permeates sand. Woodward.

2. To enter and spread through; to pervade. God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to permeate and pervade all things. Cudworth.

PERMEATION
Per`me*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance. Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and inexistence. Bp. Hall.

PERMIAN
Per"mi*an, a. Etym: [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the
Permian formation exists.] (Geol.)

Defn: Belonging or relating to the period, and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. — n.

Defn: The Permian period. See Chart of Geology.

PERMIANS
Per"mi*ans, n. pl.; sing. Permian (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.

PERMISCIBLE Per*mis"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to mix.]

Defn: Capable of being mixed.

PERMISS
Per*miss", n. Etym: [See Permit.]

Defn: A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's opponent. [Obs.] Milton.

PERMISSIBILITY
Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being permissible; permissibleness; allowableness.

PERMISSIBLE
Per*mis"si*ble, a.

Defn: That may be permitted; allowable; admissible.
— Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n.
— Per*mis"si*bly, adv.

PERMISSION
Per*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.]

Defn: The act of permitting or allowing; formal consent;
authorization; leave; license or liberty granted.
High permission of all-ruling Heaven. Milton.
You have given me your permission for this address. Dryden.

Syn. — Leave; liberty; license. — Leave, Permission. Leave implies that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or not. Permission is the absence on the part of another of anything preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies approval.

PERMISSIVE
Per*mis"sive, a.

1. Permitting; granting leave or liberty. "By his permissive will." Milton.

2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton.

PERMISSIVELY
Per*mis"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a permissive manner.

PERMISTION Per*mis"tion, n. Etym: [L. permistio, permixtio, fr. permiscere, permistum, and permixtum. See Permiscible.]

Defn: The act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture.
[Written also permixtion.]

PERMIT
Per*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Permitting.]
Etym: [L. permittere, permissum, to let through, to allow, permit;
per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.]

1. To consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up with. What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth with approbation either to be done or left undone. Hooker.

2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to authorize; to give leave; — followed by an infinitive. Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. Acis xxvi. 1.

3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit. Let us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event of things. Addison.

Syn. — To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent to. — To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive, denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent, either directly or by implication. To permit is more negative, and imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer has a stronger passive or negative sense than to permit, sometimes implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to tolerate are sometimes used without discrimination.

PERMIT
Per*mit", v. i.

Defn: To grant permission; to allow.

PERMIT
Per"mit, n.

Defn: Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a written license or permission given to a person or persons having authority; as, a permit to land goods subject to duty.

PERMITTANCE
Per*mit"tance, n.

Defn: The act of permitting; allowance; permission; leave. Milton.

PERMITTEE
Per`mit*tee", n.

Defn: One to whom a permission or permit is given.

PERMITTER
Per*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who permits.
A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin. J. Edwards.

PERMIX
Per*mix", v. t.

Defn: To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]

PERMIXTION
Per*mix"tion, n.

Defn: See Permission.

PERMULATOR
Per"mu*la`tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A special form of rotary converter with stationary commutator and rotating brushes, in which the exciting field is induced by the alternating current in a short-circuited magnetic core instead of being produced by an external magnet.

PERMUTABLE
Per*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. permutable.]

Defn: Capable of being permuted; exchangeable.
— Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n.
— Per*mut"a*bly, adv.

PERMUTATION
Per`mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See
Permute.]

1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference; interchange. The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in property. Burke.

2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; — called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4. (b) Any one of such possible arrangements.

3. (Law)

Defn: Barter; exchange. Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of unlocking.

PERMUTE Per*mute", v. t. Etym: [L. permutare, permutatum; per + mutare to change: cf. F. permuter.]

1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.

2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.] Bought, trucked, permuted, or given. Hakluyt.

PERMUTER
Per*mut"er, n.

Defn: One who permutes.

PERN
Pern, v. t. Etym: [See Pernancy.]

Defn: To take profit of; to make profitable. [Obs.] Sylvester.

PERN
Pern, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The honey buzzard.

PERNANCY Per"nan*cy, n. Etym: [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to take, L. prendere, prehendere.] (Law)

Defn: A taking or reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits. Blackstone.

PERNEL
Per"nel, n.

Defn: See Pimpernel. [Obs.]

PERNICION
Per*ni"cion, n. Etym: [See 2d Pernicious.]

Defn: Destruction; perdition. [Obs.] hudibras.

PERNICIOUS
Per*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. pernix, -icis.]

Defn: Quick; swift (to burn). [R.] Milton.

PERNICIOUS Per*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. perniciosus, from pernicies destruction, from pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay: cf. F. pernicieux. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.]

Defn: Having the quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very
mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.
Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. Shak.
Pernicious to his health. Prescott.

Syn.
— Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful;
deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.
— Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., — Per*ni"cious*ness, n.

PERNICITY
Per*nic"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.]

Defn: Swiftness; celerity. [R.] Ray.

PERNICKETY PERNICKETTY
{ Per*nick"et*y Per*nick"et*ty }, a.

Defn: Finical or fussy; full of petty details. [Colloq.]

PERNIO
Per"ni*o, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A chilblain.

PERNOCTALIAN
Per`noc*ta"li*an, n.

Defn: One who watches or keeps awake all night.

PERNOCTATION Per`noc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all night; per + nox, noctis, night.]

Defn: The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer. Taylor.

PERNOR
Per"nor, n. Etym: [See Pern, v.] (Law)

Defn: One who receives the profits, as of an estate.

PERNOT FURNACE Per"not fur"nace. Etym: [So called from Charles Pernot, its inventor.]

Defn: A reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, — used in making steel.

PERNYI MOTH
Per"ny*i moth". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi) which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and America from China.

PEROFSKITE
Per*of"skite, n. Etym: [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.)

Defn: A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals.
[Written also Perovskite.]

PEROGUE
Pe*rogue, n.

Defn: See Pirogue.

PERONATE Per"o*nate, a. Etym: [L. peronatus roughpero, -onis, a kind of rough boot.] (Bot.)

Defn: A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes powdery. Henslow.

PERONEAL
Per`o*ne"al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the fibula; in the region of the fibula.

PERORATE
Per"o*rate, v. i. Etym: [See Peroration.]

Defn: To make a peroration; to harangue. [Colloq.]

PERORATION
Per`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to
speak from beginning to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and
Oration.] (Rhet.)

Defn: The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.

PEROXIDATION
Per*ox`i*da"tion, n.

Defn: Act, process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a peroxide.

PEROXIDE
Per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing more oxygen than some other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.

PEROXIDIZE
Per*ox"i*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Peroxidizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.

PERPEND Per*pend", v. t. Etym: [L. perpendere, perpensum; per + pendere to weight.]

Defn: To weight carefully in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words." Shak.

PERPEND
Per*pend", v. i.

Defn: To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak.

PERPENDER Per*pend"er, n. Etym: [F. parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain origin.] (Masonry)

Defn: A large stone reaching through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; — called also perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone.

PERPENDICLE Per*pen"di*cle, n. Etym: [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf. F. perpendicule.]

Defn: Something hanging straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.]

PERPENDICULAR Per`pen*dic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F. perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.]

1. Exactly upright or vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of the earth.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad is perpendicular to the line bc. Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of the 16th; — probably so called from the vertical style of its window mullions.

PERPENDICULAR
Per`pen*dic"u*lar, n.

1. A line at right angles to the plane of the horizon; a vertical line or direction.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.

PERPENDICULARITY
Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perpendicularité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perpendicular.

PERPENDICULARLY
Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perpendicular manner; vertically.

PERPEND STONE
Per"pend stone`.

Defn: See Perpender.

PERPENSION
Per*pen"sion, n. Etym: [See Perpend.]

Defn: Careful consideration; pondering. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PERPENSITY
Per*pen"si*ty, n.

Defn: Perpension. [Obs.]

PERPENT STONE
Per"pent stone`.

Defn: See Perpender.

PERPESSION Per*pes"sion, n. Etym: [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear steadfastly; per + pati to bear.]

Defn: Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

PERPETRABLE
Per"pe*tra"ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perpetrated. R. North.

PERPETRATE
Per"pe*trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetrating.] Etym: [L. perpetratus, p.p. of perpetrare to effect,
perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.]

Defn: To do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a
bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of; as,
to perpetrate a foul deed.
What the worst perpetrate, or best endure. Young.

PERPETRATION
Per`pe*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perpétration.]

1. The act of perpetrating; a doing; — commonly used of doing something wrong, as a crime.

2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.

PERPETRATOR
Per"pe*tra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits an offense or crime.

PERPETUABLE
Per*pet"u*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perpetuated or continued.
Varieties are perpetuable, like species. Gray.

PERPETUAL Per*pet"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. perpetuel, F. perpétuel, fr. L. perpetualis, fr. perpetuus continuing throughout, continuous, fr. perpes, -etis, lasting throughout.]

Defn: Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an unlimited time;
unfailing; everlasting; continuous.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. Shak.
Perpetual feast of nectared sweets. Milton.
Circle of perpetual apparition, or occultation. See under Circle.
— Perpetual calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted
for any month or year.
— Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in which all the tithes
are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed. Blackstone.
— Perpetual motion. See under Motion.
— Perpetual screw. See Endless screw, under Screw.

Syn. — Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant; constant; eternal. See Constant.

PERPETUAL CALENDAR
Per*pet"u*al cal"en*dar.

Defn: A calendar that can be used perpetually or over a wide range of years. That of Capt. Herschel covers, as given below, dates from 1750 to 1961 only, but is capable of indefinite extension.

PERPETUAL CALENDAR Day of the monthJan. Oct.Apr. July Jan.Sept. Dec.JuneFeb. Mar. Nov.Aug. Feb.MayDay of the Week 1815 2229 2916 2330 31017 2431 41118 25 51219 26 61320 27 @71421 28 To find the day of the week corresponding to any date, find the small letter directly under the month and opposite the day of the month; the same small letter also appears in the vertical column that contains the number of the year, and if the line in which it stands is followed out to the right, the day of the week is found. Thus, the small letter under March and opposite 18 is b; b appears again directly over 1904, and at its right is the word Friday. March 18 fell on Friday in 1904, and also in 1898, 1892, etc. The calendar has other uses, as for finding the months which begin on Sunday in a particular year, etc. |1753 |1754 |1755 |1750 |1751 |1757 |*1752 |1759 |1765 |*1760 |1761 |*1756 |1763 |1758

PERPETUALLY
Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually. The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for language. Swift.

PERPETUALTY
Per*pet"u*al*ty, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being perpetual. [Obs.] Testament of
Love.

PERPETUANCE
Per*pet"u*ance, n.

Defn: Perpetuity. [Obs.]

PERPETUATE
Per*pet"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetuating.] Etym: [L. perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to
perpetuate. See Perpetual.]

Defn: To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize. Addison. Burke.

PERPETUATE
Per*pet"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. perpetuatus, p.p.]

Defn: Made perpetual; perpetuated. [R.] Southey.

PERPETUATION
Per*pet`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perpétuation.]

Defn: The act of making perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless existence, or for an indefinite period of time; continuance. Sir T. Browne.

PERPETUITY
Per`pe*tu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perpétuité.]

1. The quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of
laws. Bacon.
A path to perpetuity of fame. Byron.
The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity. I. Taylor.

2. Something that is perpetual. South.

3. Endless time. "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in debt." Shak.

4. (Annuities) (a) The number of years in which the simple interest of any sum becomes equal to the principal. (b) The number of years' purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever. (c) A perpetual annuity.

5. (Law) (a) Duration without limitations as to time. (b) The quality or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so modified or perpetuated.

PERPLEX
Per*plex", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perplexing.] Etym: [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.]

1. To involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with doubts. No artful wildness to perplex the scene. Pope. What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view. Locke.

2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond self- explication." Shak. We are perplexed, but not in despair. 2 Cor. iv. 8. We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to perplex the mind. Locke.

3. To plague; to vex; to tormen. Glanvill.

Syn. — To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder; confuse; distract. See Embarrass.

PERPLEX
Per*plex", a. Etym: [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per +
plectere, plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and
Plait.]

Defn: Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill.

PERPLEXED
Per*plexed", a.

Defn: Entangled, involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled;
doubtful; anxious.
— Per*plex"ed*ly, adv.
— Per*plex"ed*ness, n.

PERPLEXING
Per*plex"ing, a.

Defn: Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome. "Perplexing thoughts."
Milton.

PERPLEXITY Per*plex"i*ty, n.; pl. Perplexities. Etym: [L. perplexitas: cf. F. perplexité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled; complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt. By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. Milton.

PERPLEXIVENESS
Per*plex"ive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.

PERPLEXLY
Per*plex"ly, adv.

Defn: Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton.

PERPOTATION
Per`po*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and
Potation.]

Defn: The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]

PERQUISITE Per"qui*site, n. Etym: [L. perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p.p. of perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-, and Quest.]

1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service. The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the perquisite of the soldiers. Prescott. The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man of doing good. Addison.

2. pl. (Law)

Defn: Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent. Mozley & W.

PERQUISITED
Per"qui*sit*ed, a.

Defn: Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited varlets frequent stand." Savage.

PERQUISITION
Per`qui*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perquisition.]

Defn: A thorough inquiry of search. [R.] Berkeley.

PERRADIAL
Per*ra"di*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated around the radii, or radial tubes, of a radiate.

PERRIE
Per"rie, n. Etym: [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.]

Defn: Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye, etc.] Chaucer.

PERRIER
Per"ri*er, n. Etym: [OF. perriere, perrier, F. perrier. Cf.
Pederero.] (Mil.)

Defn: A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot. Hakluyt.

PERRON
Per"ron, n. [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: An out-of-door flight of steps, as in a garden, leading to a terrace or to an upper story; — usually applied to mediævel or later structures of some architectural pretensions.

PERROQUET
Per`ro*quet", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Paroquet, Parakeet.

PERRUQUE
Per`ruque", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Peruke.

PERRUQUIER
Per*ru"qui*er, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A marker of perukes or wigs.

PERRY
Per"ry, n. Etym: [OF. peré, F. poiré, fr. poire a pear, L. pirum. See
Pear the fruit.]

Defn: A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider. Mortimer.

PERRY
Per"ry, n.

Defn: A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]

PERS
Pers, a. Etym: [F. pers.]

Defn: Light blue; grayish blue; — a term applied to different shades at different periods. — n.

Defn: A cloth of sky-blue color. [Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers."
Chaucer.

PERSALT
Per"salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides. [Obsoles.]

PERSANT
Per"sant, a. Etym: [F. perçant, p.pr. of percer to pierce.]

Defn: Piercing. [Obs.] Spenser.

PERSCRUTATION Per`scru*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to search through.]

Defn: A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny. Carlyle

PERSECOT
Per"se*cot, n.

Defn: See Persicot.

PERSECUTE
Per"se*cute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persecuting.] Etym: [F. persécueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to
pursue, prosecute; per + sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and
Second.]

1. To pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of worship. Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you. Matt. v. 44.

2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; to annoy. Johnson.

Syn.
— To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.

PERSECUTION
Per`se*cu"tion, n. Etym: [F. persécution, L. persecutio.]

1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship. Persecution produces no sincere conviction. Paley.

2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke.

3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]

PERSECUTOR
Per"se*cu`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. persécuteur.]

Defn: One who persecutes, or harasses. Shak.

PERSECUTRIX
Per"se*cu`trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A woman who persecutes.

PERSEID
Per"se*id, n. (Astron.)

Defn: One of a group of shooting stars which appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are beleived to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862.

PERSEUS
Per"se*us, n. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Danaë, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.

PERSEVER
Per*sev"er, v. i.

Defn: To persevere. [Obs.]

PERSEVERANCE
Per`se*ver"ance, n. Etym: [F. persévérance, L. perseverantia.]

1. The act of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun. "The king-becoming graces . . . perseverance, mercy, lowliness." Shak. Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice could invent. Milton.

2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism.

Syn.
— Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.

PERSEVERANT Per`se*ver"ant, a. Etym: [L. perseverans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F. persévérant.]

Defn: Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby.
— Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.]

PERSEVERE
Per`se*vere", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persevering.] Etym: [F. persévérer, L. perseverare, fr. perseverus
very strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.]

Defn: To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken. Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright. Milton.

Syn. — To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.

PERSEVERING
Per`se*ver"ing, a.

Defn: Characterized by perseverance; persistent.
— Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv.

PERSIAN
Per"sian, a. Etym: [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach,
Persic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
language. Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of
buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from
Trebizond.
— Persian cat. (Zoöl.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora.
— Persian columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a
Persian slave; — called also Persians. See Atlantes.
— Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is turned by pushing a nut
back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder.
— Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule.
— Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect.
— Persian red. See Indian red (a), under Indian.
— Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See Noria.

PERSIAN
Per"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.

2. The language spoken in Persia.

3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck.

4. pl. (Arch.)

Defn: See Persian columns, under Persian, a.

PERSIC
Per"sic, a. Etym: [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.]

Defn: Of or relating to Persia.
— n.

Defn: The Persian language.

PERSICARIA
Per`si*ca"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
Peach.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Lady's thumb.

PERSICO
Per"si*co, n.

Defn: = Persicot.

PERSICOT
Per"si*cot, n. Etym: [F. See Peach.]

Defn: A cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.

PERSIENNE Per`si*enne" (per`si*en"; -shi*en"; F. per`syen"), n. [F., fem. of presien Persian.]

Defn: Properly, printed calico, whether Oriental or of fanciful design with flowers, etc., in Western work. Hence, as extended in English, material of a similar character.

PERSIENNES
Per`si*ennes" (-enz"; F. per`syen"), n. pl. [F.]

Defn: Window blinds having movable slats, similar to Venetian blinds.

PERSIFLAGE Per`si`flage", n. Etym: [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.]

Defn: Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.

PERSIFLEUR
Per`si`fleur, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; a quiz. Carlyle.

PERSIMMON
Per*sim"mon, n. Etym: [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree (Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious. Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.

PERSIS
Per"sis, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of coloring matter obtained from lichens.

PERSISM
Per"sism, n.

Defn: A Persian idiom.

PERSIST
Per*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persisting.] Etym: [L. persistere; per + sistere to stand or be
fixed, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.]

Defn: To stand firm; to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to persevere; — sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of doggedness or obstinacy. If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison. Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so. Pope. That face persists. It floats up; it turns over in my mind. Mrs. Browning.

Syn.
— See Persevere, and Insist.

PERSISTENCE; PERSISTENCY
Per*sist"ence, Per*sist"en*cy, n. Etym: [See Persistent.]

1. The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.

2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise to it is removed; as: (a) (Physics)

Defn: The persistence of motion. (b) (Physiol.) Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression; auditory persistence, etc.

PERSISTENT
Per*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. persistens, -entis, p.pr. of persistere.
See Persist.]

1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of position or purpose.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a persistent calyx; — opposed to deciduous, and caducous.

PERSISTENTLY
Per*sist"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a persistent manner.

PERSISTING
Per*sist"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.
— Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.

PERSISTIVE
Per*sist"ive, a.

Defn: See Persistent. Shak.

PERSOLVE
Per*solve", v. t. Etym: [L. persolvere.]

Defn: To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.] E. Hall.

PERSON
Per"son, n. Etym: [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone,
F. personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a
person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
Per-, and cf. Parson.]

1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic] His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler. Bacon. No man can long put on a person and act a part. Jer. Taylor. To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known thyself aright. Milton. How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend! South.

2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of
comely person.
A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. Chaucer.
If it assume my noble father's person. Shak.
Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. Milton.

3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child. Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. Locke.

4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person present.

5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Theol.)

Defn: Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the
Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.
"Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer.

7. (Gram.)

Defn: One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the subject.

Note: A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the first person; when representing what is spoken to, in the second person; when representing what is spoken of, in the third person.

8. (Biol.)

Defn: A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals. Haeckel. True corms, composed of united personæ . . . usually arise by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons. Encyc. Brit. Artificial, or Fictitious, person (Law), a corporation or body politic. blackstone. — Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation. — In person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative. "The king himself in person is set forth." Shak. — In the person of, in the place of; acting for. Shak.

PERSON
Per"son, v. t.

Defn: To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate. [Obs.]
Milton.

PERSONA
Per*so"na, n.; pl. Personæ. Etym: [L.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Person, n., 8.

PERSONABLE
Per"son*a*ble, a.

1. Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman. Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind. Spenser. The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable. E. Hall.

2. (Law) (a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b) Having capacity to take anything granted.

PERSONAGE
Per"son*age, n. Etym: [F. personnage.]

1. Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person. "In personage stately." Hayward. The damsel well did view his personage. Spenser.

2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of this fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison.

3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of stature tall. Spenser.

PERSONAL
Per"son*al, a. Etym: [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.]

1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things. Every man so termed by way of personal difference. Hooker.

2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general; as, personal comfort; personal desire. The words are conditional, — If thou doest well, — and so personal to Cain. Locke.

3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as, personal charms. Addison.

4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. "Personal communication." Fabyan. The immediate and personal speaking of God. White.

5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal reflections or remarks.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun. Personal action (Law), a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of goods or chattels; — opposed to real action. — Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation. — Personal estate or property (Law), movables; chattels; — opposed to real estate or property. It usually consists of things temporary and movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature. — Personal identity (Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of the individual person, which is attested by consciousness. — Personal pronoun (Gram.), one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, and their plurals. — Personal representatives (Law), the executors or administrators of a person deceased. — Personal rights, rights appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a personal security, personal liberty, and private property. — Personal tithes. See under Tithe. — Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected to correspond with the three persons.

PERSONAL
Per"son*al, n. (Law)

Defn: A movable; a chattel.

PERSONALISM
Per"son*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being personal; personality. [R.]

PERSONALITY
Per`son*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Personalities. Etym: [Cf. F. personnalité.
Cf. Personality.]

1. That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality. Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature as a ground. Coleridge.

2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities. Sharp personalities were exchanged. Macaulay.

3. (Law)

Defn: That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons. Burrill.

PERSONALIZE
Per"son*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Personalizing.]

Defn: To make personal. "They personalize death." H. Spencer.

PERSONALLY
Per"son*al*ly, adv.

1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter personally. He, being cited, personally came not. Grafton.

2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually; particularly. She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally to the king. Bacon.

3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as, personally I have no feeling in the matter.

PERSONALTY
Per"son*al*ty, n.

1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

2. (Law)

Defn: Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real property.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Personating.] Etym: [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See
Person.]

Defn: To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]
In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous. Milton.

PERSONATE Per"son*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. persona a mask. See Person.]

1. To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion. Hammond.

2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A personated mate." Milton.

3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, v. i.

Defn: To play or assume a character.

PERSONATE
Per"son*ate, a. Etym: [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.

PERSONATION
Per`son*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of another.

PERSONATOR
Per"son*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who personates. "The personators of these actions." B.
Jonson.

PERSONEITY
Per`son*e"i*ty, n.

Defn: Personality. [R.] Coleridge.

PERSONIFICATION
Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. personnification.]

1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; prosopopas, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his voice." Milton.

PERSONIFIER
Per*son"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who personifies.

PERSONIFY
Per*son"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Personifying.] Etym: [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.]

1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a
rational being.
The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things.
Chesterfield.

2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he personifies the law.

PERSONIZE
Per"son*ize, v. t.

Defn: To personify. [R.]
Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.

PERSONNEL
Per`son`nel", n. Etym: [F. See Personal.]

Defn: The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; — distinguished from matériel.

PERSPECTIVE Per*spec"tive, a. Etym: [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per + spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E. perspective, n. See Spy, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of perspective. Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; — distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on which the objects are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object, the perspective is called oblique perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel perspective. — Perspective shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Solarium and allied genera. See Solarium.

PERSPECTIVE Per*spec"tive, n. Etym: [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It. perspettiva. See Perspective, a.]

1. A glass through which objects are viewed. [Obs.] "Not a perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The perspective of life." Goldsmith.

3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable distance. Hence, aërial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty of outline in distant objects. Aërial perspective is the expression of space by any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. Ruskin.

4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; — called also linear perspective.

5. A drawing in linear perspective. Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. — Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right position.

PERSPECTIVELY
Per*spec"tive*ly, adv.

1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.] You see them perspectively. Shak.

2. According to the rules of perspective.

PERSPECTOGRAPH Per*spec"to*graph, n. Etym: [L. perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look through) + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

PERSPECTOGRAPHY
Per`spec*tog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.

PERSPICABLE
Per"spi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]

Defn: Discernible. [Obs.] Herbert.

PERSPICACIOUS Per`spi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.]

1. Having the power of seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.
— Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv.
— Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.

PERSPICACITY
Per`spi*cac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacité.
See Perspicacious.]

Defn: The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.

PERSPICACY
Per"spi*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Perspicacity. [Obs.]

PERSPICIENCE Per*spi"cience, n. Etym: [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of perspicere. See Perspective.]

Defn: The act of looking sharply. [Obs.] Bailey.

PERSPICIL Per"spi*cil, n. Etym: [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look through.]

Defn: An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.

PERSPICUITY
Per`spi*cu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuité.]

1. The quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of expression or thought.

3. Sagacity; perspicacity.

Syn. — Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.

PERSPICUOUS Per*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look through. See Perspective.]

1. Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not opaque. [Obs.] Peacham.

2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is perspicuous." Shak. — Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. — Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

PERSPIRABILITY
Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perspirable.

PERSPIRABLE
Per*spir"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. perspirable.]

1. Capable of being perspired. Sir T. Browne.

2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.

PERSPIRATION
Per`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perspiration.]

1. The act or process of perspiring.

2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.

Note: A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible perspiration.

PERSPIRATIVE
Per*spir"a*tive, a.

Defn: Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.

PERSPIRATORY
Per*spir"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the perspiratory ducts.

PERSPIRE
Per*spire", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perspiring.] Etym: [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare.
See Per-, and Spirit.]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid perspires.

PERSPIRE
Per*spire", v. t.

Defn: To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to
excrete through pores.
Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. Smollett.

PERSTREPEROUS
Per*strep"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.]

Defn: Noisy; obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.

PERSTRINGE Per*stringe", v. t. Etym: [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up, to touch upon.]

1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]

2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.

PERSUADABLE
Per*suad"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be persuaded.
— Per*suad"a*ble*ness, n.
— Per*suad"a*bly, adv.

PERSUADE
Per*suade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persuading.] Etym: [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to
advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per-, and Suasion.]

1. To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives. Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. Acts xxvi. 28. We will persuade him, be it possible. Shak.

2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent] Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. 2 Kings xviii. 32.

3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe. Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. Heb. vi. 9.

4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
— To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See
Convince.

PERSUADE
Per*suade", v. i.

Defn: To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion. Shak.

PERSUADE
Per*suade", n.

Defn: Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

PERSUADED
Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a.

Defn: Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced.
— Per*suad"ed*ly, adv.
— Per*suad"ed*ness, n.

PERSUADER
Per*suad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, persuades or influences. "Powerful persuaders." Milton.

PERSUASIBILITY
Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.

PERSUASIBLE Per*sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible persuasible.]

1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.

2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale.
— Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n.
— Per*sua"si*bly, adv.

PERSUASION
Per*sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]

1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a determination. For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. Otway.

2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced. If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. Hooker. My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. Cowper.

3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are agreed. Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. Jefferson.

4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness. Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion Shak.

5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.]

Syn.
— See Conviction.

PERSUASIVE
Per*sua"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. persuasif.]

Defn: Tending to persuade; having the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words." Milton.

PERSUASIVE
Per*sua"sive, n.

Defn: That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an
exhortation.
— Per*sua"sive*ly, adv.
— Per*sua"sive*ness, n.

PERSUASORY
Per*sua"so*ry, a.

Defn: Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.

PERSULPHATE
Per*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate of the peroxide of any base. [R.]

PERSULPHIDE
Per*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphide containing more sulphur than some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a persulphide; — formerly called persulphuret.

PERSULPHOCYANATE
Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of persulphocyanic acid. [R.]

PERSULPHOCYANIC
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic acid), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.

PERSULPHOCYANOGEN
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-yellow substance, produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and sulphocyanate of potassium; — called also pseudosulphocyanogen, perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen.

PERSULPHURET
Per*sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A persulphide. [Obs.]

PERT Pert, a. Etym: [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true, free, or impudent. See Apert.]

1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very pert manner." Addison. The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. Cowper.

PERT
Pert, v. i.

Defn: To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.

PERTAIN Per*tain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained; p. pr. & vb. n. Pertaining.] Etym: [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-, and Tenable, and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.]

1. To belong; to have connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life. Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth not to them. Hayward.

2. To have relation or reference to something. These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them at their time. Latimer.

PERTEREBRATION Per*ter`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to bore through.]

Defn: The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

PERTHIOCYANOGEN
Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Persulphocyanogen.

PERTHITE
Perth"ite, n. Etym: [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and orthoclase, usually of different colors. — Per*thit"ic, a.

PERTINACIOUS
Per`ti*na"cious, a.Etym: [L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious.
See Per-, and Tenacious.]

1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious beggar.

2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady. Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. South.

Syn.
— Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute;
determined; firm; constant; steady.
— Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv.
— Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.

PERTINACITY
Per`ti*nac"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pertinacité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay.

Syn.
— See Obstinacy.

PERTINACY
Per"ti*na*cy, n. Etym: [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]

PERTINACY
Per"ti*na*cy, n. Etym: [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See
Pertinacious.]

Defn: Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PERTINATE
Per"ti*nate, a.

Defn: Pertinacious. [Obs.]

PERTINATELY
Per"ti*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: Pertinaciously. [Obs.]

PERTINENCE; PERTINENCY
Per"ti*nence, Per"ti*nen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pertinence. See
Pertinent.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation
to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy;
suitableness.
The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. Bentley.

PERTINENT
Per"ti*nent, a. Etym: [L. pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of pertinere: cf.
F. pertinent. See Pertain.]

1. Belonging or related to the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or arguments; pertinent evidence.

2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto faith." Hooker.

Syn.
— Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit.
— Per"ti*nent*ly, adv.
— Per"ti*nent*ness, n.

PERTLY
Pert"ly, adv.

Defn: In a pert manner.

PERTNESS
Pert"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pert.

PERTRANSIENT
Per*tran"sient, a. Etym: [L. pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.]

Defn: Passing through or over. [R.]

PERTURB
Per*turb", v. t. Etym: [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to
disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and
Turbid.]

1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet. Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. Chaucer.

2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PERTURBABILITY
Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perturbable.

PERTURBABLE
Per*turb"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or disquieted.

PERTURBANCE
Per*turb"ance, n.

Defn: Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of the mind."
Sharp.

PERTURBATE
Per"tur*bate, v. t. Etym: [From L. perturbatus, p.p.]

Defn: To perturb. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PERTURBATE
Per"tur*bate, a.

Defn: Perturbed; agitated. [R.]

PERTURBATION
Per`tur*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]

1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by their attraction on each other. Newcomb.

PERTURBATIONAL
Per`tur*ba"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J. Herschel.

PERTURBATIVE
Per"tur*ba*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir J. Herschel.

PERTURBATOR
Per"tur*ba`tor, n.

Defn: A perturber. [R.]

PERTURBED
Per*turbed", a.

Defn: Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak.
— Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.

PERTURBER
Per*turb"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.

PERTUSATE
Per*tus"ate, a. Etym: [See Pertuse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pierced at the apex.

PERTUSE; PERTUSED
Per*tuse", Per*tused", a. Etym: [L. pertusus, p.p. of pertundere to
beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf.
F. pertus. Cf. Pierce.]

Defn: Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

PERTUSION
Per*tu"sion, n. Etym: [L. pertusio.]

Defn: The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.

2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.

PERTUSSIS
Per*tus"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.]
(Med.)

Defn: The whooping cough.

PERUKE Per"uke, n. Etym: [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.]

Defn: A wig; a periwig.

PERUKE
Per"uke, v. t.

Defn: To dress with a peruke. [R.]

PERULA Per"u*la, n.; pl. Perulæ. Etym: [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr. pérule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the scales of a leaf bud.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

PERULE
Per"ule, n.

Defn: Same as Perula.

PERUSAL
Pe*rus"al, n. Etym: [From Peruse.]

1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.] Tatler.

2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care. Woodward.

PERUSE
Pe*ruse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused; p. pr. & vb. n. Perusing.]
Etym: [Pref. per- + use.]

1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.] Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.

2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.

PERUSER
Pe*rus"er, n.

Defn: One who peruses.

PERUVIAN
Pe*ru"vi*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. péruvien, Sp. peruviano.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America.
— n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Peru. Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. — Peruvian bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; — called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona.

PERVADE
Per*vade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pervading.]
Etym: [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See Per-,
and Wade.]

1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate. That labyrinth is easily pervaded. Blackstone.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout. A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.

PERVASION
Per*va"sion, n. Etym: [L. pervasio. See Pervade.]

Defn: The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.

PERVASIVE
Per*va"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and general." M. Arnold.

PERVERSE
Per*verse", a. Etym: [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right,
p.p. of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See
Pervert.]

1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted. The only righteous in a word perverse. Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary. To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.

Syn. — Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. — Perverse, Froward. One who is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of others.

PERVERSED
Per*versed", a.

Defn: Turned aside. [Obs.]

PERVERSEDLY
Per*vers"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Perversely. [Obs.]

PERVERSELY
Per*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a perverse manner.

PERVERSENESS
Per*verse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath some perverseness." Donne.

PERVERSION
Per*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See
Pervert.]

Defn: The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use. "Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.

PERVERSITY
Per*ver"si*ty, n. Etym: [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.

PERVERSIVE
Per*ver"sive, a.

Defn: Tending to pervert.

PERVERT
Per*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perverting.] Etym: [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per +
vertere to turn. See Per-, and Verse.]

1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.] Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.

2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden. He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.

PERVERT
Per*vert", v. i.

Defn: To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.] Testament of Love.

PERVERT
Per"vert, n.

Defn: One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error,
especially in religion; — opposed to convert. See the Synonym of
Convert.
That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.

PERVERTER
Per*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own parents his perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp. Stillingfleet.

PERVERTIBLE
Per*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being perverted.

PERVESTIGATE Per*ves"ti*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.]

Defn: To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

PERVESTIGATION
Per*ves`ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. pervestigatio.]

Defn: Thorough investigation. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

PERVIAL
Per"vi*al, a. Etym: [See Pervious.]

Defn: Pervious. [Obs.] — Per"vi*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chapman.

PERVICACIOUS
Per`vi*ca"cious, a. Etym: [L. pervicax, -acis.]

Defn: Obstinate; willful; refractory. [Obs.] — Per`vi*ca"cious*ly,
adv.
— Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n. [Obs.]

PERVICACITY
Per`vi*cac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.

PERVICACY
Per"vi*ca*cy, n. Etym: [L. pervicacia.]

Defn: Pervicacity. [Obs.]

PERVIGILATION
Per*vig`i*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.]

Defn: Careful watching. [Obs.]

PERVIOUS
Per"vi*ous, a. Etym: [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and
Voyage.]

1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil. [Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.

2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental vision. [R.] God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.

3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Open; — used synonymously with perforate, as applied to the nostrils or birds.

PERVIOUSNESS
Per"vi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pervious; as, the perviousness of glass. Boyle.

PERVIS
Per"vis, n.

Defn: See Parvis.

PERY
Per"y, n.

Defn: A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]

PES
Pes, n.; pl. Pedes . Etym: [L., the foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

PESADE
Pe*sade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.

PESAGE
Pes"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. peser to weigh.]

Defn: A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.

PESANE
Pes"ane, n. (Anc. Armor.)

Defn: See Pusane.

PESANTED
Pes"ant*ed, a. Etym: [F. pesant heavy.]

Defn: Made heavy or dull; debased. [Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston.

PESCHITO
Pe*schit"o, n.

Defn: See Peshito.

PESE
Pese, n. Etym: [See Pea.]

Defn: A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PESETA
Pe*se"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

PESHITO; PESHITTO
Pe*shit"o, Pe*shit"to, n. Etym: [Syriac peshîtâ simple.]

Defn: The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written also peschito.]

PESKY
Pes"ky, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive.
[Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.

PESO
Pe"so, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.

PESSARY Pes"sa*ry, n.; pl. Pessaries. Etym: [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus, Gr. pessaire.] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.

PESSIMISM
Pes"si*mism, n. Etym: [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf.
F. pessimisme. Cf. Impair.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; — opposed to Ant: optimism.

2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

PESSIMIST
Pes"si*mist, n. Etym: [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]

1. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; — opposed to Ant: optimist.

2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

PESSIMIST; PESSIMISTIC
Pes"si*mist, Pes`si*mis"tic, a. (Metaph.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit.

PESSIMISTICAL
Pes`si*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pessimistic.

PESSIMIZE
Pes"si*mize, v. i.

Defn: To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism. London Sat. Rev.

PESSULUS
Pes"su*lus, n.; pl. Pessuli. Etym: [L., a bolt.] (Anat.)

Defn: A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.

PEST
Pest, n. Etym: [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.]

1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague. England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. Cowper.

2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest and public enemy." South.

PESTALOZZIAN
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary education which combined manual training with other instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi (1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. — n.

Defn: An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.

PESTALOZZIANISM
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.

PESTER Pes"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestering.] Etym: [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. empêtrer; pref. em-, en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture, Pastor.]

1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations. We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More. A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.

2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest. [Obs.] Milton. All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.

PESTERER
Pes"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who pesters or harasses.

PESTERMENT
Pes"ter*ment, n.

Defn: The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children." B. Franklin.

PESTEROUS
Pes"ter*ous, a.

Defn: Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome.
[Obs.] Bacon.

PESTFUL
Pest"ful, a.

Defn: Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms." Coleridge.

PESTHOUSE
Pest`house", n.

Defn: A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential disease.

PESTIDUCT Pes"ti*duct, n. Etym: [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to lead.]

Defn: That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.

PESTIFEROUS Pes*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre to bear: cf. F. pestifère.]

1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies. "Poor, pestiferous creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and pestiferous occupations." Burke.

2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue. Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.

PESTIFEROUSLY
Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pestiferuos manner.

PESTILENCE
Pes"ti*lence, n. Etym: [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See
Pestilent.]

1. Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating. The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.

2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral character of great numbers. I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak. Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris), so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr. Prior.

PESTILENT Pes"ti*lent, a. Etym: [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F. pestilent.]

Defn: Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.

PESTILENTIAL
Pes`ti*len"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pestilentiel.]

1. Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the pestilential vapors." Longfellow.

2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive. So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.

PESTILENTIALLY
Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: Pestilently.

PESTILENTIOUS
Pes`ti*len"tious, a.

Defn: Pestilential. [Obs.]

PESTILENTLY
Pes"ti*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.

PESTILENTNESS
Pes"ti*lent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being pestilent.

PESTILLATION
Pes`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.]

Defn: The act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir
T. Browne.

PESTLE Pes"tle, n. Etym: [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L. pistillum, pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.]

1. An implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar.

2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; — so called from its shape. [Obs.] Chapman.

3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a pestle of pork.

PESTLE
Pes"tle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestling.]

Defn: To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.

PET Pet, n. Etym: [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael. peata.]

1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child. The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. Tatler.

3. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled child.]

Defn: A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet she started up." Tennyson.

PET
Pet, a.

Defn: Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet lamb; a pet theory. Some young lady's pet curate. F. Harrison. Pet cock. Etym: [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to drain it.

PET
Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.]

Defn: To treat as a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.

PET
Pet, v. i.

Defn: To be a pet. Feltham.

PETAL
Pet"al, n. Etym: [Gr. pétale. See Fathom.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain Echini.

PETALED
Pet"aled, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having petals; as, a petaled flower; — opposed to Ant: apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled, three- petaled, etc.

PETALIFEROUS
Pet`al*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Petal + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing petals.

PETALIFORM
Pe*tal"i*form, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a petal; petaloid; petal-shaped.

PETALINE
Pet"al*ine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétalin.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.

PETALISM
Pet"al*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. pétalisme.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.

PETALITE
Pet"al*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.

PETALODY
Pe*tal"o*dy, n. Etym: [Petal + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.

PETALOID
Pet"al*oid, a. Etym: [Petal + -oid: cf. F. pétaloïde.] (Bot.)

Defn: Petaline.

PETALOIDEOUS
Pet`al*oid"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the whole or part of the perianth petaline. Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the Liliaceæ, Orchidaceæ, Amaryllideæ, etc.

PETALOSTICHA
Pet`a*los"ti*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See Spatangoid.

PETALOUS
Pet"al*ous, a.

Defn: Having petals; petaled; — opposed to Ant: apetalous.

PETALUM
Pet"a*lum, n.; pl. Petala. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A petal.

PETAR
Pe*tar", n.

Defn: See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.

PETARD Pe*tard", n. Etym: [F. pétard, fr. péter to break wind, to crack, to explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.)

Defn: A case containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.

PETARDEER; PETARDIER
Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier", n. Etym: [F. pétardier.] (Mil.)

Defn: One who managed a petard.

PETASUS
Pet"a*sus, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The winged cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks and Romans.

PETAURIST
Pe*tau"rist, n. Etym: [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. pétauriste.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, Phalangista,
Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under Flying, and
Phalangister.

PETECHIAE Pe*tech"i*æ, n. pl.; sing. Petechia (. Etym: [NL., fr. LL. peteccia; cf. F. pétéchie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin in malignant fevers, etc.

PETECHIAL
Pe*tech"i*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétéchial, LL. petecchialis.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechiæ; spotted. Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the skin.

PETER
Pe"ter, n.

Defn: A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles, Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. — Peter Funk, the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] — Peter pence, or Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; — called also Rome scot, and hearth money. (b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private purse of the pope. — Peter's fish (Zoöl.), a haddock; — so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.

PETER
Pet"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered; p. pr. & vb. n. Petering.] Etym:
[Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; — used generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]

PETEREL
Pet"er*el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Petrel.

PETERERO
Pet`e*re"ro, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Pederero.

PETERMAN
Pe"ter*man, n.; pl. Petermen (.

Defn: A fisherman; — so called after the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman.

PETERSHAM
Pe"ter*sham, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Petersham.]

Defn: A rough, knotted woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that material.

PETERWORT
Pe"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.

PETIOLAR; PETIOLARY
Pet"i*o*lar, Pet"i*o*la*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétiolarie.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a petiolar bud.

PETIOLATE; PETIOLATED
Pet"i*o*late, Pet"i*o*la`ted, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.

PETIOLE Pet"i*ole, n. Etym: [F. pétiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A leafstalk; the footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stalk or peduncle.

PETIOLED
Pet"i*oled, a.

Defn: Petiolate.

PETIOLULATE
Pet`i*ol"u*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.

PETIOLULE
Pet"i*o*lule, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétiolule.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.

PETIT
Pet"it, a. Etym: [F. See Petty.]

Defn: Small; little; insignificant; mean; — Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.] By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover a vanishing notion. South. Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high constable. — Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a court; — so called in distinction from the grand jury. — Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; — opposed to grand larceny. The distinction is abolished in England. — Petit maître (. Etym: [F., lit., little master.] A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. — Petit serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc. — Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder.

PETITE
Pe*tite", a. [F., fem. of petit.]

Defn: Small, little; of a woman or girl, of small size and trim figure.

PETITION Pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [F. pétition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.]

1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer. A house of prayer and petition for thy people. 1 Macc. vii. 37. This last petition heard of all her prayer. Dryden.

2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace or right; — in distinction from a memorial, which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document. Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. — The Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented to by Charles I.

PETITION
Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Petitioning.]

Defn: To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the court; to petition the governor. You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. Shak.

PETITION
Pe*ti"tion, v. i.

Defn: To make a petition or solicitation.

PETITIONARILY
Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of begging the question; by an assumption. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

PETITIONARY
Pe*ti"tion*a*ry, a.

1. Supplicatory; making a petition. Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. Shak.

2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a petitionary epistle. Swift.

PETITIONEE
Pe*ti`tion*ee", n.

Defn: A person cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.

PETITIONER
Pe*ti"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who presents a petition.

PETITIONING
Pe*ti"tion*ing, n.

Defn: The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.

PETIT MAL
Pe*tit" mal". [F., lit., little sickness.] (Med.)

Defn: The mildest form of epilepsy, with momentary faintness or unconsciousness, but without convulsions; — opposed to grand mal.

PETITOR
Pet"i*tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. petere to seek.]

Defn: One who seeks or asks; a seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.

PETITORY Pet"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask: cf. F. pétitore.]

Defn: Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W. Hamilton. Petitory suit or action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill.

PETONG
Pe*tong", n. (Metal.)

Defn: See Packfong.

PETRALOGY
Pe*tral"o*gy, n.

Defn: See Petrology.

PETRARY
Pet"ra*ry, n. Etym: [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E.
Pederero.]

Defn: An ancient war engine for hurling stones.

PETRE
Pe"tre, n.

Defn: See Saltpeter.

PETREAN
Pe*tre"an, a. Etym: [L. petraeus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to to rock. G. S. Faber.

PETREL
Pe"trel, n. Etym: [F. pétrel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus,
Gr. John i.42); — probably so called in allusion to St.Peter's
walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family Procellaridæ. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites, Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera. Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern hemisphere. — Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. — Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. — Pintado petrel, any one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.

PETRESCENCE
Pe*tres"cence, n.

Defn: The process of changing into stone; petrification.

PETRESCENT
Pe*tres"cent, a. Etym: [L. petra rock, stone, Gr.

Defn: Petrifying; converting into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.

PETRIFACTION
Pet`ri*fac"tion, n. Etym: [See Petrify.]

1. The process of petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness.

2. The state or condition of being petrified.

3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.

4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul." Cudworth.

PETRIFACTIVE
Pet`ri*fac"tive, a.

1. Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone; petrifying.

2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction. The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. Sir T. Browne.

PETRIFIC
Pe*trif"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pétrifique.]

Defn: Petrifying; petrifactive.
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. Milton.

PETRIFICATE
Pet"ri*fi*cate, v. t.

Defn: To petrify. [Obs.]
Our hearts petrificated were. J. Hall (1646).

PETRIFICATION
Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pétrification. See Petrify.]

1. See Petrifaction.

2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.

PETRIFY
Pet"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Petrifying.] Etym: [L. petra rock, Gr. -fy: cf. F. pétrifier. Cf.
Parrot, Petrel, Pier.]

1. To convert, as any animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance. A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. Kirwan.

2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to
transform; as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young.
"Petrifying accuracy." Sir W. Scott.
And petrify a genius to a dunce. Pope.
The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was
doing. De Quincey.
A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your volition.
G. Eliot.

PETRIFY
Pet"ri*fy, v. i.

1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous deposits.

2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate. Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. Dryden.

PETRINE
Pe"trine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine Epistles.

PETRO-
Pet"ro-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. rock, stone; as, petrology, petroglyphic.

PETROGALE
Pe*trog"a*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).

PETROGLYPHIC
Pet`ro*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

PETROGLYPHY
Pe*trog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Petro + Gr.

Defn: The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.

PETROGRAPHIC; PETROGRAPHICAL
Pet`ro*graph"ic, Pet`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to petrography.

PETROGRAPHY
Pe*trog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Petro + -graphy.]

1. The art of writing on stone.

2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

PETROHYOID
Pet`ro*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the petrohyoid muscles of the frog.

PETROL
Pe*trol", n.

Defn: Petroleum. [R.]

PETROLATUM
Pet`ro*la"tum, n. (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm.

Note: Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product. Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.

PETROLEUM Pe*tro"le*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F. pétrole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.]

Defn: Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc. Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170° Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.

PETROLEUR; PETROLEUSE
Pé`tro`leur", n. m. Pé`tro`leuse", n. f.Etym: [F.]

Defn: One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.

PETROLINE
Pet"ro*line, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.

PETROLOGIC; PETROLOGICAL
Pet`ro*log"ic, Pet`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to petrology.

PETROLOGICALLY
Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to petrology.

PETROLOGIST
Pe*trol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in petrology.

PETROLOGY
Pe*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Petro + -logy.]

1. The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology.

2. A treatise on petrology.

PETROMASTOID
Pet`ro*mas"toid, a. Etym: [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.

PETROMYZONT
Pet`ro*my"zont, n. Etym: [Petro + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lamprey.

PETRONEL Pet`ro*nel, n. Etym: [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast, F. poitrine; so called because it was placed against the breast in order to fire. See Poitrel.]

Defn: A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in the 15th century.

PETROSAL Pe*tro"sal, a. Etym: [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone. Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.

PETROSAL Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule. Owen.

PETROSILEX
Pet`ro*si"lex, n. Etym: [Petro + silex.] (Min.)

Defn: Felsite.

PETROSILICIOUS
Pet`ro*si*li"cious, a.

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

PETROSTEARINE
Pet`ro*ste"a*rine, n. Etym: [Petro + stearine.]

Defn: A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.

PETROUS
Pe"trous, a. Etym: [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]

1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the temporal bone. Hooper.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Petrosal.

PETTICHAPS
Pet"ti*chaps, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pettychaps.

PETTICOAT
Pet"ti*coat, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Petty + coat.]

Defn: A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body below the waist. Petticoat government, government by women, whether in politics or domestic affairs. [Colloq.] — Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the draft.

PETTIFOG
Pet"ti*fog, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pettifogging.] Etym: [Petty + fog to pettifog.]

Defn: To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He takes no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler.

PETTIFOG
Pet"ti*fog, v. t.

Defn: To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]

PETTIFOGGER
Pet"ti*fog`ger, n.

Defn: A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer. A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.

PETTIFOGGERY
Pet"ti*fog`ger*y, n.; pl. -ies (.

Defn: The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks;
quibbles.
Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. Barrow.

PETTIFOGGING
Pet"ti*fog`ging, a.

Defn: Paltry; quibbling; mean.

PETTIFOGGING
Pet"ti*fog`ging, n.

Defn: Pettifoggery.

PETTIFOGULIZE
Pet`ti*fog"u*lize, v. i.

Defn: To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks. De
Quincey.

PETTILY
Pet"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a petty manner; frivolously.

PETTINESS
Pet"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.

PETTISH
Pet"tish, a. Etym: [From Pet.]

Defn: Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper. "A
pettish kind of humor." Sterne.
— Pet"tish*ly, adv.
— Pet"tish*ness, n.

PETTITOES
Pet"ti*toes, n. pl. Etym: [Petty + toes.]

Defn: The toes or feet of a pig, — often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak.

PETTO
Pet"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. pectus.]

Defn: The breast. In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.

PETTY Pet"ty, a. [Compar. Pettier; superl. Pettiest.] Etym: [OE. petit, F. petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]

Defn: Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a petty fault; a petty prince. Denham. Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton. Petty averages. See under Average. — Petty cash, money expended or received in small items or amounts. — Petty officer, a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army.

Note: For petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason,
See Petit.

Syn. — Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.

PETTYCHAPS
Pet"ty*chaps, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviinæ, as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).

PETTYWHIN
Pet"ty*whin, n. Etym: [Petty + whin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The needle furze. See under Needle.

PETULANCE; PETULANCY
Pet"u*lance, Pet"u*lan*cy, n. Etym: [L. petulania: cf. F. pétulance.
See Petulant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness;
pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The petulancy of our words." B.
Jonson.
Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon.
The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. Cowper.

Syn.
— Petulance, Peevishness.
— Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper;
petulance implies temporary or capricious irritation.

PETULANT
Pet"u*lant, a. Etym: [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight
attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf.
F. pétulant. See Petition.]

1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] Burton.

2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness; irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay.

Syn.
— Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

PETULANTLY
Pet"u*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a petulant manner.

PETULCITY
Pe*tul"ci*ty, n. Etym: [See Petulcous.]

Defn: Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PETULCOUS
Pe*tul"cous, a. Etym: [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.]

Defn: Wanton; frisky; lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.

PETUNE
Pe*tune", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petuned; p. pr. & vb. n. Petuning.]
[See Petunia.] (Agric.)

Defn: To spray (tobacco) with a liquid intended to produce flavor or aroma.

PETUNIA
Pe*tu"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

PETUNSE; PETUNTSE; PETUNTZE
Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze", n. Etym: [From Chinese.]

Defn: Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.

PETWORTH MARBLE
Pet"worth mar"ble.

Defn: A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at
Petworth, in Sussex, England; — called also Sussex marble.

PETZITE
Petz"ite, n. Etym: [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.)

Defn: A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.

PEUCEDANIN
Peu*ced"a*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort (Imperatoria), and other related plants; — called also imperatorin.

PEUCIL
Peu"cil, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl.]

PEW
Pew, n. Etym: [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr.
L. podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony
in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat,
Gr. Foot, and cf. Podium, Poy.]

1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; - - sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow.

2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.] Pepys. Milton. Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.

PEW
Pew, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.

PEWEE
Pe"wee, n. Etym: [So called from its note.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phoebe, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and phoebe.

2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] Wood pewee (Zoöl.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.

PEWET
Pe"wet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pewit.

PEWFELLOW
Pew"fel`low, n.

1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.

PEWIT Pe"wit, n. Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit, G. kibitz.] (Zoöl.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing. (c) The pewee. [Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]

PEWTER Pew"ter, n. Etym: [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D. peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum. Cf. Spelter.]

1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.

2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.

Note: Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.

PEWTERER
Pew"ter*er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith. Shak.

PEWTERY
Pew"ter*y, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery taste.

PEXITY Pex"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of pectere to comb.]

Defn: Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

PEYER'S GLANDS Pey"er's glands`. Etym: [So called from J.K.Peyer, who described them in 1677.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; — called also Peyer's patches. In typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

PEYTREL
Pey"trel, n. Etym: [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor)

Defn: The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PEZIZA Pe*zi"za, n. Etym: [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.

PEZIZOID
Pez"i*zoid, a. Etym: [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

PFENNIG
Pfen"nig, n.; pl. Pfennigs, G. Pfennige. Etym: [G. See Penny.]

Defn: A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

PHACELLUS
Pha*cel"lus, n.; pl. Phacelli. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.

PHACOCHERE
Phac"o*chere, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wart hog.

PHACOID
Pha"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

PHACOLITE
Phac"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

PHACOPS
Pha"cops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

PHAEACIAN
Phæ*a"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phæacians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.

PHAENOGAM
Phæ"no*gam, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the class Phænogamia.

PHAENOGAMIA
Phæ`no*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Bot.)

Defn: The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.

PHAENOGAMIAN; PHAENOGAMIC
Phæ`no*ga"mi*an, Phæ`no*gam"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamous.

PHAENOGAMOUS
Phæ*nog"a*mous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs; flowering.

PHAENOMENON
Phæ*nom"e*non, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Phenomenon.

PHAEOSPORE
Phæ"o*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A brownish zoöspore, characteristic of an order (Phæosporeæ) of dark green or olive-colored algæ. — Phæ`o*spor"ic, a.

PHAETHON
Pha"ë*thon, n. Etym: [L., Phaëthon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Helios (Phoebus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

PHAETON
Pha"ë*ton, n. Etym: [F. phaéton a kind of carriage, fr. Phaéthon
Phaëthon, the son of Helios. See Phaëthon.]

1. A four-wheeled carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.

2. See Phaëthon.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or Melitæa, Phaëton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; — called also Baltimore.

PHAGEDENA Phag`e*de"na, n. Etym: [L. phagedaena, Gr. (Med.) (a) A canine appetite; bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate ulceration.

PHAGEDENIC; PHAGEDENICAL Phag`e*den"ic, Phag`e*den"ic*AL, a. Etym: [L. phagedaenicus, Gr. phagédénique.] (Med.)

Defn: Of, like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or medicine. — n.

Defn: A phagedenic medicine.

PHAGEDENOUS
Phag`e*de"nous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Phagedenic.

PHAGOCYTE
Phag"o*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.

PHAINOPEPLA
Pha*i`no*pep"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small crested passerine bird (Phaïnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black flycatcher.

PHAKOSCOPE
Phak"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.

PHALAENA
Pha*læ"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A linnæan genus which included the moths in general.

PHALAENID
Pha*læ"nid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any moth of the family Phalænidæ, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.

PHALANGEAL; PHALANGAL
Pha*lan"ge*al, Pha*lan"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

PHALANGER
Pha*lan"ger, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera of the family Phalangistidæ. They are arboreal, and the species of Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger, under Flying.

PHALANGES
Pha*lan"ges, n.

Defn: , pl. of Phalanx.

PHALANGIAL; PHALANGIAN
Pha*lan"gi*al, Pha*lan"gi*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Phalangeal.

PHALANGID
Pha*lan"gid, n.; pl. Phalangides (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phalangoidea.

PHALANGIOUS
Pha*lan"gi*ous, a. Etym: [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider,
Gr. Phalanx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.

PHALANGIST
Pha*lan"gist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any arboreal marsupial of the genus Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.

PHALANGISTER; PHALANGISTINE
Phal`an*gis"ter, Phal`an*gis"tine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phalangist.

PHALANGITE
Phal"an*gite, n. Etym: [Gr. phalangite.]

Defn: A soldier belonging to a phalanx. [Obs.]

PHALANGOIDEA Phal`an*goi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs (see Phalangious) + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by tracheæ. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and Opilionea.

PHALANSTERE
Pha`lan`stére", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A phalanstery.

PHALANSTERIAN
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, a. Etym: [F. phalanstérien, a. & n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.

PHALANSTERIAN
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.

PHALANSTERISM; PHALANSTERIANISM
Pha*lan"ster*ism, Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

PHALANSTERY
Phal"an*ster*y, n.; pl. -ies. Etym: [F. phalanstère, fr. Gr.

1. An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.

2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

PHALANX
Pha"lanx, n.; pl. Phalanxes, L. Phalanges. Etym: [L., from Gr.

1. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton. The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. Pope.

2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union. At present they formed a united phalanx. Macaulay. The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into phalanx, stood and gazed. Cowper.

3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.

5. Etym: [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.)

Defn: A group or bundle of stamens, as in polyadelphous flowers.

PHALAROPE
Phal"a*rope, n. Etym: [Gr. phalarope.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phalaropus and allied genera of small wading birds (Grallæ), having lobate toes. They are often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also sea goose.

PHALLIC
Phal"lic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.

PHALLICISM
Phal"li*cism, n.

Defn: See Phallism.

PHALLISM
Phal"lism, n.

Defn: The worship of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the phallus.

PHALLUS
Phal"lus, n.; pl. Phalli (. Etym: [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.

1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.

PHANAR Phan"ar, n. [Turk. fanar, fr. NGr. lighthouse, Gr. lantern; — from a lighthouse on a point projecting into the Golden Horn.]

Defn: A quarter of Constantinople which, after the Turkish conquest of the city, became the chief Greek quarter; hence, the Greek officials of Turkey, or phanariots, as a class.

PHANARIOT; PHANARIOTE
Pha*nar"i*ot, n. Also Pha*nar"i*ote. [NGr., fr. Phanar. See Phanar.]

Defn: One of the Greeks of Constantinople who after the Turkish conquest became powerful in clerical and other offices under Turkish patronage.

PHANE
Phane, n.

Defn: See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.

PHANERITE
Phan"er*ite, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Evident; visible. Phanerite series (Geol.), the uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation.

PHANEROCARPAE
Phan`er*o*car"pæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Acraspeda.

PHANEROCODONIC
Phan`er*o*co*don"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open cavity beneath; — said of certain jellyfishes.

PHANEROCRYSTALLINE
Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Gr. crystalline.] (Geol.)

Defn: Distinctly crystalline; — used of rocks. Opposed to Ant: cryptocrystalline.

PHANERODACTYLA
Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saururæ.

PHANEROGAMIA
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That one of the two primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.

PHANEROGAMIAN
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Phanerogamous.

PHANEROGAMIC; PHANEROGAMOUS
Phan`er*o*gam"ic, Phan`er*og"a*mous, a.

Defn: Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; — said of plants.

PHANEROGLOSSAL
Phan`er*o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a conspicious tongue; — said of certain reptiles and insects.

PHANTASCOPE
Phan"ta*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle; — called also phantasmascope.

PHANTASM
Phan"tasm, n. Etym: [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.]
[Spelt also fantasm.]

1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream. They be but phantasms or apparitions. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion. Cudworth. Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no phantasm or expectation. Jer. Taylor.

PHANTASMA
Phan"tas"ma, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A phantasm.

PHANTASMAGORIA
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.]

1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.

2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.

3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

PHANTASMAGORIAL
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

PHANTASMAGORIC
Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

PHANTASMAGORY
Phan*tas"ma*go*ry, n.

Defn: See Phantasmagoria.

PHANTASMAL
Phan*tas"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral; illusive.

PHANTASMASCOPE
Phan*tas"ma*scope, n.

Defn: See Phantascope.

PHANTASMATICAL
Phan`tas*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phantasmaticus.]

Defn: Phantasmal. Dr. H. More.

PHANTASMATOGRAPHY
Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.

PHANTASTIC; PHANTASTICAL
Phan*tas"tic, Phan*tas"tic*al, a.

Defn: See Fantastic.

PHANTASY
Phan"ta*sy, n.

Defn: See Fantasy, and Fancy.

PHANTOM
Phan"tom, n. Etym: [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fantôme, fr.
L. phantasma, Gr. Fancy, and cf. Phaëton, Phantasm, Phase.]

Defn: That which has only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image. Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. Pope. She was a phantom of delight. Wordsworth. Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying. — Phantom tumor (Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon the administration of an anæsthetic.

PHANTOMATIC
Phan`tom*at"ic, a.

Defn: Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

PHANTOM CIRCUIT
Phantom circuit. (Elec.)

Defn: The equivalent of an additional circuit or wire, in reality not existing, obtained by certain arrangements of real circuits, as in some multiplex telegraph systems.

PHARAOH
Pha"raoh, n. Etym: [Heb. paroh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao,
Gr. Faro.]

1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.

2. See Faro. Pharaoh's chicken (Zoöl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; — so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. — Pharaoh's rat (Zoöl.), the common ichneumon.

PHARAON
Pha"ra*on, n.

Defn: See Pharaoh, 2.

PHARAONIC
Phar`a*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pharaonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.

PHARE
Phare, n. Etym: [See Pharos.]

1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.

PHARISAIC; PHARISAICAL Phar`i*sa"ic, Phar`i*sa"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. Pharisaicus, Gr. pharisaïque. See Pharisee.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.

2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness. " Bacon. "Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay. — Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. — Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

PHARISAISM
Phar`i*sa"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pharisaisme.]

1. The notions, doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect. Sharp.

2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.

PHARISEAN
Phar`i*se"an, a. Etym: [L. Pharisaeus, Gr.

Defn: Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.]
"Pharisean disciples." Milton.

PHARISEE
Phar"i*see, n. Etym: [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. parash to separate.]

Defn: One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.

PHARISEEISM
Phar"i*see*ism, n.

Defn: See Pharisaism.

PHARMACEUTIC; PHARMACEUTICAL Phar`ma*ceu"tic, Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. pharmaceuticus, Gr. pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. — Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al*ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.

PHARMACEUTICS
Phar`ma*ceu"tics, n.

Defn: The science of preparing medicines.

PHARMACEUTIST
Phar`ma*ceu"tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under
Apothecary.

PHARMACIST
Phar"ma*cist, n.

Defn: One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.

PHARMACODYMANICS
Phar`ma*co*dy*man"ics, n. [Gr. drug + E. dynamics.]

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which treats of the action and the effects of medicines.

PHARMACODYNAMICS
Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. dynamics.]

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of medicines. Dunglison.

PHARMACOGNOSIS
Phar`ma*cog*no"sis, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; — called also pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.

PHARMACOGNOSY
Phar`ma*cog"no*sy, n.

Defn: Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACOGRAPHY
Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: See Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACOLITE
Phar*mac"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color.

PHARMACOLOGIST
Phar`ma*col"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in pharmacology.

PHARMACOLOGY
Phar`ma*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]

1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.

2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

PHARMACOMATHY
Phar`ma*com"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: See Pharmacognosis.

PHARMACON
Phar"ma*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A medicine or drug; also, a poison. Dunglison.

PHARMACOPOEIA
Phar`ma*co*poe"ia, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.

1. A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.

2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

PHARMACOPOLIST
Phar`ma*cop"o*list, n. Etym: [L. pharmacopola, Gr.

Defn: One who sells medicines; an apothecary.

PHARMACOSIDERITE
Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. siderite.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.

PHARMACY Phar"ma*cy, n. Etym: [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F. pharmacie, Gr.

1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.

2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an apothecary's shop.

PHARO
Pha"ro, n.

1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. See Faro.

PHAROLOGY
Pha*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or science which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.

PHAROS
Pha"ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.
He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. Arbuthnot.

PHARYNGAL
Pha*ryn"gal, a.

Defn: Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

PHARYNGEAL
Phar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [See Pharynx.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

PHARYNGEAL
Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.

PHARYNGITIS
Phar`yn*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the pharynx.

PHARYNGOBRANCHIAL
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiæ; — applied especially to the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal. — n.

Defn: A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.

PHARYNGOBRANCHII
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Leptocardia.

PHARYNGOGNATHI
Phar`yn*gog"na*thi, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.

PHARYNGOLARYNGEAL
Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [Pharynx + laryngeal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.

PHARYNGOPNEUSTA
Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and
Enteropneusta.
— Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal, a.

PHARYNGOTOME
Pha*ryn"go*tome, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.

PHARYNGOTOMY Phar`yn*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Pharynx + Gr. : cf. F. pharyngotomie.] (Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage. (b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

PHARYNX
Phar"ynx, n.; pl. pharynges. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.)

Defn: The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.

PHASCOLOME
Phas"co*lome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

PHASE
Phase, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon,
Phantom, and Emphasis.]

1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.

2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

PHASE ANGLE
Phase angle. (Elec.)

Defn: The angle expressing phase relation.

PHASE CONVERTER
Phase converter. (Elec.)

Defn: A machine for converting an alternating current into an alternating current of a different number of phases and the same frequency.

PHASE DISPLACEMENT
Phase displacement. (Elec.)

Defn: A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity would cause an advance, in phase.

PHASEL
Pha"sel, n. Etym: [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phaséole, faséole. Cf.
Fesels.]

Defn: The French bean, or kidney bean.

PHASELESS
Phase"less, a.

Defn: Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless and increasing gloom." Poe.

PHASE METER; PHASEMETER
Phase meter, or Phase"me`ter, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A device for measuring the difference in phase of two alternating currents of electromotive forces.

PHASEOLUS
Pha*se"o*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean.

PHASEOMANNITE Pha`se*o*man"nite, n. Etym: [So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Inosite.

PHASE RULE
Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.)

Defn: A generalization with regard to systems of chemical equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a system is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one condition, as temperature, determines the others.

PHASE SPLITTER
Phase splitter. (Elec.)

Defn: A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase induction motors.

PHASE SPLITTING
Phase splitting. (Elec.)

Defn: The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.

PHASING
Phas"ing, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.

PHASING CURRENT
Phasing current.

Defn: The momentary current between two alternating-current generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in phase or period.

PHASING TRANSFORMER
Phasing transformer.

Defn: Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for changing phase.

PHASIS
Pha"sis, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phase. Creech.

PHASM; PHASMA
Phasm, Phas"ma, n. Etym: [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.]

Defn: An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T.
Herbert.

PHASMID Phas"mid, n. Etym: [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any orthopterous insect of the family Phasmidæ, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.

PHASSACHATE
Phas"sa*chate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The lead-colored agate; — so called in reference to its color.

PHATAGIN
Phat"a*gin, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); — called also ipi.

PHEASANT Pheas"ant, n. Etym: [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidæ, found chiefly in Asia.

Note: The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]

Note: Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. — Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. — Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] — Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. — Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. — Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. — Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; — called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); — called also Pheasant's-eye pink. — Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. — Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. — Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail. — Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.

PHEASANTRY
Pheas"ant*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. faisanderie.]

Defn: A place for keeping and rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

PHEBE
Phe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Phoebe.

PHEER
Pheer, n.

Defn: See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

PHEESE
Pheese, v. t.

Defn: To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, v.

PHEESE
Pheese, n.

Defn: Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

PHELLODERM
Phel"lo*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.

PHELLOGEN
Phel"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.

PHELLOPLASTICS
Phel`lo*plas"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Art of modeling in cork.

PHENACETIN; PHENACETINE
Phe*nac"e*tin, Phe*nac"e*tine, n. [Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.

PHENACITE
Phen"a*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.

PHENAKISTOSCOPE
Phen`a*kis"to*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

PHENALGIN
Phe*nal"gin, n. [Phenyl + analgetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic action.

PHENANTHRENE
Phe*nan"threne, n. Etym: [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

PHENANTHRIDINE
Phe*nan"thri*dine, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.

PHENANTHROLINE
Phe*nan"thro*line, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

PHENE
Phene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Benzene. [Obs.]

PHENETOL
Phe"ne*tol, n. Etym: [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid,
C6H5.O.C2H5.

PHENIC
Phe"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

PHENICIAN
Phe*ni"cian, a. & n.

Defn: See Phoenician.

PHENICINE Phen"i*cine, n. Etym: [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phénicine.] (Chem.) (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. Watts.

PHENICIOUS
Phe*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from

Defn: Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

PHENICOPTER Phen`i*cop"ter, n. Etym: [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e., red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf. F. phénicoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flamingo.

PHENIX Phe"nix, n.; pl. Phenixes. Etym: [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written also phoenix.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation.

3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.

PHENOCRYST
Phe"no*cryst, n. [Gr. to appear + crystal.] (Geol.)

Defn: One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.

PHENOGAMIA
Phen`o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Phænogamia.

PHENOGAMIAN; PHENOGAMIC; PHENOGAMOUS
Phen`o*ga"mi*an, Phen`o*gam"ic, Phe*nog"a*mous, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamian, Phænogamic, etc.

PHENOL
Phe"nol, n. Etym: [Gr. -ol: cf. F. phénol.] (Chem.)

1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.

Note: It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.

2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type. Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. — Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. — Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. — Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. — Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.

PHENOLATE
Phe"no*late, n. Etym: [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.

PHENOLOGY
Phe*nol"o*gy, n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. — Phe`no*log"ic*al (#), a. — Phe`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. — Phe*nol"o*gist (#), n.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN; PHENOL PHTHALEIN
Phe`nol*phthal"e*in, n., or Phenol phthalein. (Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4, formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is used as an indicator.

PHENOMENAL
Phe*nom"e*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phénoménal.]

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a phenomenal memory. — Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

PHENOMENALISM
Phe*nom"e*nal*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.

PHENOMENIST
Phe*nom"e*nist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

PHENOMENOLOGY Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phénoménologie.]

Defn: A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

PHENOMENON
Phe*nom"e*non, n.; pl. Phenomena. Etym: [L. phaenomenon, Gr.
faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See
Phantom.]

1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory. In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena of mind. Stewart.

2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.

PHENOSE
Phe"nose`, n. Etym: [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.

PHENYL Phe"nyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl: cf. F. phényle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. — Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

PHENYLAMINE
Phe`nyl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

PHENYLENE
Phe"nyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

PHENYLIC
Phe*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

PHEON
Phe"on, n. Etym: [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.)

Defn: A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

PHIAL Phi"al, n. Etym: [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. Vial.]

Defn: A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.

PHIAL
Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed; p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.]

Defn: To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

PHILABEG
Phil"a*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg.

PHILADELPHIAN Phil`a*del"phi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s brother.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIAN
Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.

1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, — called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

PHILALETHIST
Phil`a*le"thist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.

PHILANDER
Phi*lan"der, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To make love to women; to play the male flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

PHILANDER
Phi*lan"der, n.

Defn: A lover. [R.] Congreve.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

PHILANDERER
Phi*lan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.

PHILANTHROPE
Phil"an*thrope, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

PHILANTHROPIC; PHILANTHROPICAL Phil`an*throp"ic, Phil`an*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philanthropique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by
philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic
enterprise.
— Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILANTHROPINISM
Phil`an*throp"i*nism, n.

Defn: A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

PHILANTHROPINIST
Phil`an*throp"i*nist, n.

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

PHILANTHROPIST
Phi*lan"thro*pist, n. Etym: [Gr. philanthrope.]

Defn: One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.

PHILANTHROPISTIC
Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.]
Carlyle.

PHILANTHROPY
Phi*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.]

Defn: Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; — opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.

PHILATELIC
Phil`a*tel"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philately.

PHILATELIST
Phi*lat"e*list, n.

Defn: One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

PHILATELY
Phi*lat"e*ly, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.]

Defn: The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

PHILATHEA
Phi*la"the*a, n. [Coined from Gr. loving + truth.]

Defn: An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young women.

PHILATORY
Phil"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

PHILAUTY
Phil"au*ty, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

PHILHARMONIC
Phil`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.]

Defn: Loving harmony or music.

PHILHELLENE
Phil*hel"lene, n.

Defn: A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.

PHILHELLENIC
Phil`hel*len"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

PHILHELLENISM
Phil*hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: Love of Greece.

PHILHELLENIST
Phil*hel"len*ist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philhellène.]

Defn: A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

PHILIBEG
Phil"i*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg. [Scot.]

PHILIP Phil"ip, n. Etym: [So called from their notes.] (Zoöl.) (a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]

PHILIPPIAN
Phi*lip"pi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia.
— n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

PHILIPPIC
Phi*lip"pic, n. Etym: [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic,
Gr. philippique.]

1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.

PHILIPPIUM
Phi*lip"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of
Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.

PHILIPPIZE
Phil"ip*pize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Philippizing.] Etym: [Gr.

1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. Etym: [See Philippic.]

Defn: To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

PHILISTER
Phi*lis"ter, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A Philistine; — a cant name given to townsmen by students in
German universities.

PHILISTINE
Phi*lis"tine, n. Etym: [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishthi, pl.
Phlishthim.]

1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.

PHILISTINE
Phi*lis"tine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

PHILISTINISM
Phi*lis"tin*ism, n.

Defn: The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle. On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, — this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.

PHILLIPSITE Phil"lips*ite, n. Etym: [So named after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; — called also christianite.

PHILLYGENIN
Phil*lyg"e*nin, n. Etym: [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

PHILLYREA
Phil*lyr"e*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the
Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

PHILLYRIN
Phil"ly*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

PHILO-
Philo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to; as, philosophy, philotechnic.

PHILOGYNIST
Phi*log"y*nist, n. Etym: [See Philogyny.]

Defn: A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; — opposed to Ant: misogynist.

PHILOGYNY
Phi*log"y*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fondness for women; uxoriousness; — opposed to Ant: misogyny.
[R.] Byron.

PHILOHELLENIAN
Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an, n.

Defn: A philhellenist.

PHILOLOGER
Phi*lol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr.

Defn: A philologist. Burton.

PHILOLOGIAN
Phil`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A philologist. [R.]

PHILOLOGICAL; PHILOLOGIC
Phil`o*log"ic*al, Phil`o*log"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philology.
— Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOLOGIST
Phi*lol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in philology.

PHILOLOGIZE
Phi*lol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.

PHILOLOGUE
Phil"o*logue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philologue.]

Defn: A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOLOGY Phi*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]

1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.

Note: Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

PHILOMATH Phil"o*math, n. Etym: [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr.

Defn: A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

PHILOMATHEMATIC
Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A philomath.

PHILOMATHIC
Phil`o*math"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philomathique.]

1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

PHILOMATHY
Phi*lom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The love of learning or letters.

PHILOMEL
Phil"o*mel, n.

Defn: Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.

PHILOMELA
Phil`o*me"la, n. Etym: [L. philomela, Gr.

1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the nightingales.

PHILOMENE
Phil"o*mene, n.

Defn: The nightingale. [Obs.]

PHILOMOT
Phil"o*mot, a. Etym: [See Filemot.]

Defn: Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.

PHILOMUSICAL
Phil`o*mu"sic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + musical.]

Defn: Loving music. [R.]Busby.

PHILOPENA Phil`o*pe"na, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.]

Defn: A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]

Note: One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.

PHILOPOLEMIC; PHILOPOLEMICAL
Phil`o*po*lem"ic, Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]

PHILOPROGENITIVE
Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive, a.

Defn: Having the love of offspring; fond of children.

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. Etym: [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.)

Defn: The love of offspring; fondness for children.

PHILOSOPHASTER Phi*los"o*phas`ter, n. Etym: [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre.]

Defn: A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PHILOSOPHATE Phi*los"o*phate, v. i. Etym: [L. philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari to philosophize.]

Defn: To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

PHILOSOPHATION
Phi*los`o*pha"tion, n.

Defn: Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

PHILOSOPHE
Phil"o*sophe, n. Etym: [F., a philosopher.]

Defn: A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOSOPHEME
Phi*los"o*pheme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of
reasoning. [R.]
This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian
myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.

PHILOSOPHER Phi*los"o*pher, n. Etym: [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. Philosophy.]

1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy. Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer. Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

PHILOSOPHIC; PHILOSOPHICAL Phil`o*soph"ic, Phil`o*soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. — Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOSOPHISM
Phi*los"o*phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philosophisme.]

Defn: Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry.
Carlyle.

PHILOSOPHIST
Phi*los"o*phist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philosophiste.]

Defn: A pretender in philosophy.

PHILOSOPHISTIC; PHILOSOPHISTICAL
Phi*los`o*phis"tic, Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

PHILOSOPHIZE
Phi*los"o*phize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Philosophizing.]

Defn: To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence. Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.

PHILOSOPHIZER
Phi*los"o*phi`zer, n.

Defn: One who philosophizes.

PHILOSOPHY Phi*los"o*phy, n.; pl. Philosophies. Etym: [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. Philosopher.]

1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.

Note: When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.

Note: "Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; — the science of effects by their causes; — the science of sufficient reasons; — the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; — the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; — the science of truths sensible and abstract; — the application of reason to its legitimate objects; — the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; — the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; — the science of science; — the science of the absolute; — the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained. [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer. We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy. Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.

4. Reasoning; argumentation. Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. Milton.

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.

6. A treatise on philosophy. Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. — Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. — Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. — Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; — so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.

PHILOSTORGY
Phil`o*stor"gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Natural affection, as of parents for their children. [R.]

PHILOTECHNIC; PHILOTECHNICAL Phil`o*tech"nic, Phil`o*tech"nic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philotechnique.]

Defn: Fond of the arts. [R.]

PHILTER
Phil"ter, n. Etym: [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr.

Defn: A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love.
[Written also philtre.] Addison.

PHILTER
Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered; p. pr. & vb. n. Philtering.]

1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.

2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.

PHIMOSIS
Phi*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.

PHITONESS
Phi"ton*ess, n.

Defn: Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

PHIZ
Phiz, n.; pl. Phizes. Etym: [Contr. fr. physiognomy.]

Defn: The face or visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

PHLEBITIS
Phle*bi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a vein.

PHLEBOGRAM
Phleb"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.

PHLEBOLITE; PHLEBOLITH
Phleb"o*lite, Phleb"o*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Med.)

Defn: A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.

PHLEBOLOGY
Phle*bol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.

PHLEBOTOMIST
Phle*bot"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phlébotomiste.] (Med.)

Defn: One who practiced phlebotomy.

PHLEBOTOMIZE
Phle*bot"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phlebotomizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. phlébotomiser.]

Defn: To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

PHLEBOTOMY
Phle*bot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. phlebotomia, Gr. phlébotomie. Cf. Fleam.]
(Med.)

Defn: The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.

PHLEGETHON
Phleg"e*thon, n. [L., fr. Gr. , prop. p.pr. of to blaze.] (Class
Myth.)

Defn: One of the principal rivers of Hades, in the channel of which fire flowed instead of water.

Fierce Phlegethon,
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.
Milton.

PHLEGM
Phlegm, n. Etym: [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. Phlox,
Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.]

1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor. Crabb.

4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness. They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.

PHLEGMAGOGUE
Phleg"ma*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old Med.)

Defn: A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.

PHLEGMASIA
Phleg*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Phlegm.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs. Phlegmasia dolens ( Etym: [NL.], milk leg.

PHLEGMATIC
Phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. phlegmatique.]

1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.

2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution. Harvey.

3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations." Sir T. Browne.

4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison. Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under Lymphatic.

PHLEGMATICAL
Phleg*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Phlegmatic. Ash.

PHLEGMATICALLY
Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phlegmatic manner.

PHLEGMATICLY
Phleg*mat"ic*ly, a.

Defn: Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

PHLEGMON Phleg"mon, n. Etym: [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr. phlegmon.] (Med.)

Defn: Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.

PHLEGMONOUS
Phleg"mon*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.]

Defn: Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.

PHLEME
Phleme, n. (Surg. & Far.)

Defn: See Fleam.

PHLEUM
Phle"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray.

PHLOEM
Phlo"ëm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; — distinguished from xylem.

PHLOGISTIAN
Phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

PHLOGISTIC
Phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

PHLOGISTICAL
Phlo*gis"tic*al, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Phlogistic.

PHLOGISTICATE
Phlo*gis"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: To combine phlogiston with; — usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly phlogisticated substances.

PHLOGISTICATION
Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of combining with phlogiston.

PHLOGISTON
Phlo*gis"ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Phlox.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element.

Note: This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be.

PHLOGOGENOUS
Phlo*gog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Causing inflammation.

PHLOGOPITE
Phlog"o*pite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See Mica.

PHLOGOSIS
Phlo*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.

PHLOGOTIC
Phlo*got"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

PHLORAMINE
Phlo*ram"ine, n. Etym: [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.

PHLORETIC
Phlo*ret"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.

PHLORETIN
Phlor"e*tin, n. Etym: [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.

PHLORIZIN
Phlor"i*zin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.]

PHLOROGLUCIN
Phlor`o*glu"cin, n. Etym: [Phloretin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]

PHLOROL
Phlo"rol, n. Etym: [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.

PHLORONE
Phlo"rone, n. Etym: [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; — called also xyloquinone.

PHLOX
Phlox, n. Etym: [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers. Phlox worm (Zoöl.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. — Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under Moss.

PHLYCTENULAR
Phlyc*ten"u*lar, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia.

PHOCA
Pho"ca, n. Etym: [L., a seal, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.

PHOCACEAN
Pho*ca"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phoca; a seal.

PHOCAL
Pho"cal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to seals.

PHOCENIC
Pho*cen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; — said of an acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.

PHOCENIN
Pho*ce"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phocénine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Delphin.

PHOCINE
Pho"cine, a. Etym: [L. phoca a seal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.

PHOCODONT
Pho"co*dont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phocodontia.

PHOCODONTIA
Pho`co*don"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.

PHOEBE
Phoe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewee, or pewit.

PHOEBUS
Phoe"bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: Apollo; the sun god.

2. The sun. "Phoebus 'gins arise." Shak.

PHOENICIAN
Phoe*ni"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phoenica.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Phoenica.

PHOENICIOUS
Phoe*ni"cious, a.

Defn: See Phenicious.

PHOENICOPTERUS
Phoe`ni*cop"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.

PHOENIX
Phoe"nix, n. Etym: [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.]

1. Same as Phenix. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms including the date tree.

PHOLAD
Pho"lad, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pholas.

PHOLADEAN
Pho*la"de*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pholad.

PHOLAS
Pho"las, n.; pl. Pholades. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pholas, or family Pholadidæ. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.

PHONAL
Pho"nal, a.Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to the voice; as, phonal structure. Max Müller.

PHONASCETICS
Pho`nas*cet"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.

PHONATION
Pho*na"tion, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.

PHONAUTOGRAPH
Pho*nau"to*graph, n. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or plate.

PHONE
Phone, n. & v. t.

Defn: Colloq. for Telephone.

PHONEIDOSCOPE
Pho*nei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.

PHONETIC
Pho*net"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. phonétique. See Ban a proclamation.]

1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.

2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; — opposed to ideographic; as, a phonetic notation. Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; — contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.

PHONETICALLY
Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phonetic manner.

PHONETICIAN
Pho`ne*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

PHONETICS
Pho*net"ics, n.

1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.

2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.

PHONETISM
Pho"ne*tism, n.

Defn: The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile.

PHONETIST
Pho"ne*tist, n.

1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.

2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

PHONETIZATION
Pho`ne*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic signs.

PHONETIZE
Pho"ne*tize, v. t.

Defn: To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

PHONIC
Phon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. phonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.
Tyndall.

PHONICS
Phon"ics, n.

Defn: See Phonetics.

PHONO-
Pho"no-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as, phonograph, phonology.

PHONO
Phono, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having nearly transparent wings.

PHONOCAMPTIC
Pho`no*camp"tic, a. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. phonocamptique.]

Defn: Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

PHONOGRAM
Pho"no*gram, n. Etym: [Phono- + -gram.]

1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound. Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be resolved. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

PHONOGRAPH
Pho"no*graph, n. Etym: [Phono- + -graph.]

1. A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.

2. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

PHONOGRAPHER
Pho*nog"ra*pher, n.

1. One versed or skilled in phonography.

2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See Phonograph, 2.

PHONOGRAPHIC; PHONOGRAPHICAL Pho`no*graph"ic, Pho`no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phonographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.

2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

PHONOGRAPHICALLY
Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.

PHONOGRAPHIST
Pho*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: Phonographer.

PHONOGRAPHY
Pho*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phono- + -graphy.]

1. A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.

2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters.

Note: The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: — They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.

3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

PHONOLITE
Pho"no*lite, n. Etym: [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, haüynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; — called also clinkstone.

PHONOLOGER
Pho*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A phonologist.

PHONOLOGIC; PHONOLOGICAL
Pho`no*log"ic, Pho`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phonology.

PHONOLOGIST
Pho*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in phonology.

PHONOLOGY
Pho*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phono- + -logy.]

Defn: The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.

PHONOMETER
Pho*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.

PHONOMOTOR
Pho`no*mo"tor, n. Etym: [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.

PHONORGANON
Pho*nor"ga*non, n. Etym: [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.]

Defn: A speaking machine.

PHONOSCOPE Pho"no*scope, n. Etym: [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by König for testing the quality of musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.

PHONOTYPE
Pho"no*type, n. Etym: [Phono- + -type.]

Defn: A type or character used in phonotypy.

PHONOTYPIC; PHONOTYPICAL
Pho`no*typ"ic, Pho`no*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.

PHONOTYPIST
Pho*not"y*pist, n.

Defn: One versed in phonotypy.

PHONOTYPY
Pho*not"y*py, n.

Defn: A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.

PHORMINX
Phor"minx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of lyre used by the Greeks. Mrs. Browning.

PHORMIUM
Phor"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species
(Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

PHORONE
Phor"one, n. Etym: [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.

PHORONIS
Pho*ro"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva (Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

PHORONOMIA
Phor`o*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phoronomics.

PHORONOMICS
Phor`o*nom"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of motion; kinematics. [R.] Weisbach.

PHOSGENE
Phos"gene, a. Etym: [Gr. phosgène.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Producing, or produced by, the action of light; — formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride. See Carbonyl.

PHOSGENITE
Phos"gen*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.

PHOSPHAM
Phos"pham, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inert amorphous white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] — Phos"pham"ic, a.

PHOSPHATE
Phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phosphoric acid.

PHOSPHATIC
Phos*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with the urine.

PHOSPHATURIA
Phos`pha*tu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

PHOSPHENE
Phos"phene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. After- image.

PHOSPHIDE
Phos"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of phosphorus.

PHOSPHINE
Phos"phine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.

Note: It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

PHOSPHINIC
Phos*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.

PHOSPHITE
Phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phosphorous acid.

PHOSPHONIC
Phos*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.

PHOSPHONIUM
Phos*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

PHOSPHOR
Phos"phor, n. Etym: [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]

1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.

2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer. [Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

PHOSPHORATE
Phos"phor*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phosphorating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.

PHOSPHOR-BRONZE
Phos"phor-bronze`, n. Etym: [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.)

Defn: A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.

PHOSPHOREOUS
Phos*pho"re*ous, a.

Defn: Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

PHOSPHORESCE
Phos`phor*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Phosphorescing.]

Defn: To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.

PHOSPHORESCENCE
Phos`phor*es"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorescence.]

1. The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.

2. A phosphoric light.

PHOSPHORESCENT
Phos`phor*es"cent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorescent.]

Defn: Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. — n.

Defn: A phosphorescent substance.

PHOSPHORIC
Phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorique.]

1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.

2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron. Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric acid. — Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H3PO4, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates. — Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant juices. — Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.

PHOSPHORICAL
Phos*phor"ic*al, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Phosphoric.

PHOSPHORITE
Phos"phor*ite, n.

Defn: (min.) A massive variety of apatite.

PHOSPHORITIC
Phos`phor*it"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.

PHOSPHORIZE
Phos"phor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To phosphorate.

PHOSPHORIZED
Phos"phor*ized, a.

Defn: Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

PHOSPHOROGENIC
Phos`phor*o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.]

Defn: Generating phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.

PHOSPHOROSCOPE
Phos*phor"o*scope, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.

PHOSPHOROUS
Phos"phor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.

PHOSPHORUS
Phos"phor*us, n.; pl. Phosphori. Etym: [L., the morning star, Gr.

1. The morning star; Phosphor.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, — whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.

3. (Chem.)