Part Part, adv (part 3)

Defn: Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies. Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; — so called because this property was discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties. — Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature. — Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms. — Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. — Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

PHOSPHORUS STEEL
Phosphorus steel.

Defn: A steel in which the amount of phosphorus exceeds that of carbon.

PHOSPHORYL
Phos"phor*yl, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

PHOSPHURET
Phos"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

PHOSPHURETED
Phos"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.] Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

PHOTIC
Pho"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.

PHOTIC REGION
Photic region. (Phytogeography)

Defn: The uppermost zone of the sea, which receives the most light.

PHOTICS
Pho"tics, n. (Physics)

Defn: The science of light; — a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision. Knight.

PHOTISM
Pho"tism, n. [Gr. illumination.] (Psycol.)

Defn: A luminous image or appearance of a hallucinatory character.

PHOTO
Pho"to, n.; pl. Photos (.

Defn: A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

PHOTO-
Pho"to-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, photography, phototype, photometer.

PHOTOBACTERIUM
Pho`to*bac*te"ri*um, n. [NL. See Photo-, and Bacterium.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A genus including certain comma-shaped marine bacteria which emit bluish or greenish phosphorescence. Also, any microörganism of this group.

PHOTOBIOTIC
Pho`to*bi*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.

PHOTOCERAMICS
Pho`to*ce*ram"ics, n.

Defn: Art or process of decorating pottery with photographically prepared designs. — Pho`to*ce*ram"ic (#), a.

PHOTOCHEMICAL
Pho`to*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Pho`to*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.)

Defn: The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.

PHOTOCHROMIC; PHOTOCHROMATIC
Pho`to*chro"mic, Pho`to*chro*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.

PHOTOCHROMOGRAPHY
Pho`to*chro*mog"ra*phy, n. [Photo- + Gr. color + -graphy.]

Defn: Art or process of printing colored photographs.

PHOTOCHROMOSCOPE
Pho`to*chro"mo*scope, n. [Photo-+ Gr. color + -scope.]

1. A device for giving shifting effects of color to a photograph. The unmounted print, made translucent, is illuminated from behind with colored light.

2. A combination of three optical lanterns for projecting objects on a screen in the colors of nature. The images of three partial photographs taken through color screens (red, green, and blue, respectively) are superimposed. Each image is given its own primary color, and these colors blend and reproduce the colors of the object.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPE
Pho`to*chro"mo*type, n. [Photo-+ Gr. color + -type.]

Defn: A colored print made photomechanically.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPE
Pho`to*chro"mo*type, v. t.

Defn: To represent by a colored print made by any photomechanical process.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPY
Pho`to*chro"mo*typ`y, n.

Defn: The art of making photochromotypes.

PHOTOCHROMY
Pho*toch"ro*my, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr.

Defn: The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.

PHOTOCHRONOGRAPH
Pho`to*chron"o*graph, n. [Photo-+ chronograph.]

1. (Physics) An instrument for recording minute intervals of time. The record is made by the power of a magnetic field, due to an electric signaling current, to turn the plane of polarization of light. A flash, coinciding in time and duration with the signal, is thus produced and is photographed on a moving plate.

2. (Astron.) An instrument for the photographic recording of star transits.

PHOTOCHRONOGRAPHY
Pho`to*chro*nog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Art of recording or measuring intervals of time by the photochronograph. — Pho`to*chron`o*graph"ic (#), -graph"ic*al (#), a. — -graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHOTODROME
Pho"to*drome, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.

PHOTODYNAMICS
Pho`to*dy*nam"ics, n. [Photo-+ dynamics.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The relation of light to the movements of plants and their organs; the study of the phenomena of curvatures induced by the stimulus of light. —Pho`to*dy*nam"ic (#), Pho`to*dy*nam"ic*al (#), a.

PHOTO-ELECTRIC
Pho`to-e*lec"tric, a. Etym: [Photo- + electric.]

Defn: Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; — said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.

PHOTO-ELECTRIC; PHOTO-ELECTRICAL
Pho`to-e*lec"tric, Pho`to-e*lec"tric*al, a.

Defn: Pert. to, or capable of developing, photo-electricity.

PHOTO-ELECTRIC CELL
Photo-electric cell.

Defn: A cell (as one of two electrodes embedded in selenium) which by exposure to light generates an electric current.

PHOTO-ELECTRICITY
Pho`to-e*lec*tric"i*ty, n. [Photo-+ electricity.]

Defn: Electricity produced by light.

PHOTO-ELECTROGRAPH
Pho`to-e*lec"tro*graph, n. [See Photo-; Electrograph.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An electrometer registering by photography.

PHOTO-ELECTROTYPE
Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type, n. (Print.)

Defn: An electrotype plate formed in a mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.

PHOTO-ENGRAVE
Pho`to-en*grave", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photo-engraved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Photo-engraving.] [Photo- + engrave.]

Defn: To engrave by a photomechanical process; to make a photo- engraving of. — Pho`to-en*grav"er (#), n.

PHOTO-ENGRAVING
Pho`to-en*grav"ing, n. Etym: [Photo- + engraving.]

Defn: The process of obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.

PHOTO-EPINASTY
Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty, n. Etym: [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.)

Defn: A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light. Encyc. Brit.

PHOTO-ETCH
Pho`to-etch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photo-etched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Photo-etching.] [Photo- + etch.]

Defn: To engrave, or make an engraving of, by any photomechanical process involving etching of the plate.

PHOTO-ETCHING
Pho`to-etch"ing, n.

Defn: A photo-engraving produced by any process involving the etching of the plate.

PHOTOGALVANOGRAPHY
Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + galvanography.]

Defn: The art or process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D.
Brewster.

PHOTOGEN
Pho"to*gen, n. Etym: [Photo- + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.]

PHOTOGENE
Pho"to*gene, n. Etym: [See Photogen.]

1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]

2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H. Spencer.

PHOTOGENIC
Pho`to*gen"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or generating light.

PHOTOGENY
Pho*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [See Photogen.]

Defn: See Photography. [Obsoles.]

PHOTOGLYPHIC
Pho`to*glyph"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the art of engraving by the action of light. [Written also photoglyptic.] Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc, by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster.

PHOTOGLYPHY
Pho*tog"ly*phy, n.

Defn: Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

PHOTOGLYPTIC
Pho`to*glyp"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Photoglyphic.

PHOTOGRAM
Pho"to*gram, n. Etym: [Photo- + -gram.]

Defn: A photograph. [R.]

PHOTOGRAMMETER
Pho`to*gram"me*ter, n. [See Photogram; -meter.]

Defn: A phototheodolite, or a camera designed for use in photogrammetry. —Pho`to*gram*met"ric (#), Pho`to*gram*met"ric*al (#), a.

PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Pho`to*gram"me*try, n. [Photogram + metry.]

Defn: A method of surveying or map making by photography, used also in determining the height and motions of clouds, sea waves, and the like.

PHOTOGRAPH
Pho"to*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + -graph.]

Defn: A picture or likeness obtained by photography.

PHOTOGRAPH
Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Photographing.]

Defn: To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group. He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards photographed on wood. Hamerton.

Note: Also used figuratively.
He is photographed on my mind. Lady D. Hardy.

PHOTOGRAPH
Pho"to*graph, v. i.

Defn: To practice photography; to take photographs.

PHOTOGRAPHER
Pho*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices, or is skilled in, photography.

PHOTOGRAPHIC; PHOTOGRAPHICAL Pho`to*graph"ic, Pho`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. photographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a photographic camera. — Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. Photographic printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.

PHOTOGRAPHIST
Pho*tog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A photographer.

PHOTOGRAPHOMETER
Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.)

Defn: An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.

PHOTOGRAPHONE
Pho*tog"ra*phone, n. [See Photograph; -phone.]

Defn: A device, consisting essentially of an electric arc and a camera, by which a series of photographs of the variations of the arc due to sound waves are obtained for reproduction by means of a selenium cell and a telephone.

PHOTOGRAPHY
Pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.]

1. The science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.

2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.

Note: The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin, and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or other suitable reagents.

PHOTOGRAVURE
Pho`to*grav"ure, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A photoengraving; also, the process by which such a picture is produced.

PHOTOHELIOGRAPH
Pho`to*he"li*o*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics)

Defn: A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.

PHOTOHELIOMETER
Pho`to*he`li*om"e*ter, n. [Photo- + heliometer.] (Astron.)

Defn: A double-lens instrument for measuring slight variations of the sun's diameter by photography, utilizing the common chord of two overlapping images.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPH
Pho`to*lith"o*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + lithograph.]

Defn: A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPH
Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t.

Defn: To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHER
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC
Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic, n.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by photolithography.

PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art or process of producing photolithographs.

PHOTOLOGIC; PHOTOLOGICAL
Pho`to*log"ic, Pho`to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.

PHOTOLOGIST
Pho*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

PHOTOLOGY
Pho*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.

PHOTOLUMINESCENT
Pho`to*lu`mi*nes"cent, a. [Photo- + luminescent.] (Physics)

Defn: Luminescent by exposure to light waves. —
Pho`to*lu`mi*nes"cence (#), n.

PHOTOMAGNETIC
Pho`to*mag*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

PHOTOMAGNETISM
Pho`to*mag"net*ism, n.

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to light.

PHOTOMECHANICAL
Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.

PHOTOMETER
Pho*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photomètre.]
(Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power.

PHOTOMETRIC; PHOTOMETRICAL
Pho`to*met"ric, Pho`to*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. photométrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

PHOTOMETRICIAN
Pho*tom`e*tri"cian, n.

Defn: One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.

PHOTOMETRICIAN; PHOTOMETRIST
Pho*tom`e*tri"cian, Pho*tom"e*trist, n.

Defn: A specialist in photometry.

PHOTOMETRY
Pho*tom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. photométrie.]

Defn: That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.

PHOTOMEZZOTYPE
Pho`to*mez"zo*type, n. [Photo-+ It. mezzo middle, half + -type.]

Defn: A photomechanical process similar to collotype.

PHOTOMICROGRAPH
Pho`to*mi"cro*graph, n. Etym: [Photo- + micro + -graph.]

1. An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See Microphotograph.

2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art of producing photomicrographs.

PHOTONEPHOGRAPH Pho`to*neph"o*graph (-nef"o*graf), n. [Photo- + Gr. ne`fos a cloud + -graph.] (Meteor.)

Defn: A nephoscope registering by photography, commonly consisting of a pair of cameras used simultaneously.

PHOTOPHILOUS
Pho*toph"i*lous, n. [Photo-+ Gr. loving.] (Phytogeog.)

Defn: Light-loving; growing in strong light, as many plants.

PHOTOPHOBIA
Pho`to*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson.

PHOTOPHONE
Pho"to*phone, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.

PHOTOPHONIC
Pho`to*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photophone.

PHOTOPHONY
Pho*toph"o*ny, n.

Defn: The art or practice of using the photophone.

PHOTOPHORE
Pho"to*phore, n. [Photo- + Gr. to bear.]

1. (Med.) A form of endoscope using an electric light.

2. (Zoöl.) A light-emitting organ; specif., one of the luminous spots on certain marine (mostly deep-sea) fishes.

PHOTOPLAY
Pho"to*play`, n.

Defn: A play for representation or exhibition by moving pictures; also, the moving-picture representation of a play.

PHOTOPRINT
Pho"to*print`, n.

Defn: Any print made by a photomechanical process.

PHOTOPSIA
Pho*top"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.

PHOTOPSY
Pho*top"sy, n.

Defn: Same as Photopsia.

PHOTORELIEF
Pho`to*re*lief", n.

Defn: A printing surface in relief, obtained by photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight.

PHOTOSCOPE
Pho"to*scope, n. Etym: [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous effects.

PHOTOSCOPIC
Pho`to*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

PHOTOSCULPTURE
Pho`to*sculp"ture, n. Etym: [Photo- + sculpture.]

Defn: A process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.

PHOTOSPHERE
Pho"to*sphere, n. Etym: [Photo- + sphere.]

Defn: A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.

PHOTOSPHERIC
Pho`to*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Pho`to*syn"the*sis, n. (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The process of constructive metabolism by which carbohydrates are formed from water vapor and the carbon dioxide of the air in the chlorophyll-containing tissues of plants exposed to the action of light. It was formerly called assimilation, but this is now commonly used as in animal physiology. The details of the process are not yet clearly known. Baeyer's theory is that the carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide, which, uniting with the hydrogen of the water in the cell, produces formaldehyde, the latter forming various sugars through polymerization. Vines suggests that the carbohydrates are secretion products of the chloroplasts, derived from decomposition of previously formed proteids. The food substances are usually quickly translocated, those that accumulate being changed to starch, which appears in the cells almost simultaneously with the sugars. The chloroplasts perform photosynthesis only in light and within a certain range of temperature, varying according to climate. This is the only way in which a plant is able to organize carbohydrates. All plants without a chlorophyll apparatus, as the fungi, must be parasitic or saprophytic. —Pho`to*syn*thet"ic (#), a. — Pho`to*syn*thet"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

PHOTOTAXIS; PHOTOTAXY Pho`to*tax"is, Pho"to*tax`y, n. [NL. phototaxis; photo- + Gr. an arranging.] (Biol.)

Defn: The influence of light on the movements of low organisms, as various infusorians, the zoöspores of certain algæ, etc.; also, the tendency to follow definite directions of motion or assume definite positions under such influence. If the migration is toward the source of light, it is termed positive phototaxis; if away from the light, negative phototaxis. —Pho`to*tac"tic (#), a. —Pho`to*tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

PHOTOTELEGRAPHY
Pho`to*te*leg"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Telegraphy by means of light, as by the heliograph or the photophone. Also, less properly, telephotography. — Pho`to*tel"e*graph (#), n. —Pho`to*tel`e*graph"ic (#), a.

PHOTOTELESCOPE
Pho`to*tel"e*scope, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope adapted for taking photographs of the heavenly bodies.

PHOTOTHEODOLITE
Pho`to*the*od"o*lite, n.

Defn: An arrangement of two photographic cameras, the plates of which may be brought into exactly the same plane, used in surveying and map making. From the differences between two pictures taken at the same moment, measurements in all dimensions of the region may be obtained.

PHOTOTHERAPY
Pho`to*ther"a*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: The application of light for therapeutic purposes, esp. for treating diseases of the skin. — Pho`to*the*rap"ic (#), Pho`to*ther`a*peu"tic (#), a.

PHOTOTHERMIC
Pho`to*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to both light and heat.

PHOTOTONUS
Pho*tot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL. See Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.)

Defn: A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light.
— Pho`to*ton"ic, a.

PHOTOTOPOGRAPHY
Pho`to*to*pog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Photogrammetry. — Pho`to*top`o*graph"ic (#),
Pho`to*top`o*graph"ic*al (#), a.

PHOTOTRICHROMATIC
Pho`to*tri`chro*mat"ic, a. [Photo- + tri- + chromatic.]

Defn: Designating a photomechanical process for making reproductions in natural colors by three printings.

PHOTOTROPIC
Pho`to*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Heliotropic.

PHOTOTROPISM
Pho*tot"ro*pism, n. [Photo-+ Gr. to turn.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: The tendency of growing plant organs to move or curve under the influence of light. In ordinary use the term is practically synonymous with heliotropism.

PHOTOTYPE
Pho"to*type, n. Etym: [Photo- + -type.]

Defn: A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.

PHOTOTYPIC
Pho`to*typ"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

PHOTOTYPOGRAPHY
Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + typography.]

Defn: Same as Phototypy.

PHOTOTYPY
Pho*tot"y*py, n.

Defn: The art or process of producing phototypes.

PHOTOVISUAL
Pho`to*vis"u*al, a. (Optics)

Defn: Of certain achromatic lenses, having the same focus for the actinic and for the brightest of the visual rays.

PHOTOXYLOGRAPHY
Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + xylography.]

Defn: The process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.

PHOTOZINCOGRAPH
Pho`to*zin"co*graph, n.

Defn: A print made by photozincography.
— Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.

PHOTOZINCOGRAPHY
Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Photo- + zincography.]

Defn: A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.

PHRAGMOCONE
Phrag"mo*cone, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.]

PHRAGMOSIPHON
Phrag`mo*si"phon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The siphon of a phragmocone.

PHRASAL
Phras"al, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, a phrasal adverb. Earlc.

PHRASE
Phrase, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr.

1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase. "Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase. Shak.

2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.

3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth." Tennyson. Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. Shak.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A short clause or portion of a period.

Note: A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases. Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

PHRASE
Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased; p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. phraser.]

Defn: To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style.
"These suns — for so they phrase 'em." Shak.

PHRASE
Phrase, v. i.

1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase, n., 4.

PHRASELESS
Phrase"less, a.

Defn: Indescribable. Shak.

PHRASEOGRAM
Phra"se*o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.] (Phonography)

Defn: A symbol for a phrase.

PHRASEOLOGIC; PHRASEOLOGICAL
Phra`se*o*log"ic, Phra`se*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

PHRASEOLOGIST
Phra`se*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A collector or coiner of phrases.

PHRASEOLOGY
Phra`se*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phraséologie.]

1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style. Most completely national in his . . . phraseology. I. Taylor.

2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.]

Syn.
— Diction; style. See Diction.

PHRASING
Phras"ing, n.

1. Method of expression; association of words.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form distinct musical phrases.

PHRATRY
Phra"try, n.; pl. Phratries. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

PHREATIC
Phre*at"ic, a. Etym: [F. phréatique, from Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Subterranean; — applied to sources supplying wells.

PHRENETIC; PHRENETICAL Phre*net"ic, Phre*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phreneticus, Gr. phrénétique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.]

Defn: Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad;
frantic; frenetic.
— Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHRENETIC
Phre*net"ic, n.

Defn: One who is phrenetic. Harvey.

PHRENIC
Phren"ic, a.Etym: [Gr. phrénique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.

PHRENICS
Phren"ics, n.

Defn: That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy. [R.]

PHRENISM
Phre"nism, n. Etym: [See Phrenic.] (Biol.)

Defn: See Vital force, under Vital.

PHRENITIS
Phre*ni"tis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended with acute fever and delirium; — called also cephalitis.

2. See Frenzy.

PHRENOGRAPH
Phre"no*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.

PHRENOLOGER
Phre*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A phrenologist.

PHRENOLOGIC
Phren`o*log"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phrénologique.]

Defn: Phrenological.

PHRENOLOGICAL
Phren`o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phrenology.
— Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHRENOLOGIST
Phre*nol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phrénologiste.]

Defn: One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.

PHRENOLOGY
Phre*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. phrénologie.]

1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.

2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology.

Note: Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty- six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. Encyc. Brit.

PHRENOMAGNETISM
Phre`no*mag"net*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. magnetism.]

Defn: The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.

PHRENOSIN
Phre"no*sin, n. Etym: [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.

PHRENSIED
Phren"sied, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Frenzied.

PHRENSY
Phren"sy, n.

Defn: Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See Frenzy.

PHRENSY
Phren"sy, v. t.

Defn: To render frantic.

PHRENTIC
Phren"tic, n. & a.

Defn: See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

PHRYGANEID
Phry*ga"ne*id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.

PHRYGANEIDES Phryg`a*ne"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; — called also Trichoptera. See Trichoptera. [Written also Phryganides.]

PHRYGIAN
Phryg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Phrygius, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants. Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and vehement in style; — so called because fabled to have been invented by the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music). — Phrygian stone, a light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, — used by the ancients in dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.

PHRYGIAN
Phryg"i*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A Montanist.

PHRYGIAN CAP
Phryg"i*an cap`.

Defn: A close-fitting cap represented in Greek art as worn by Orientals, assumed to have been conical in shape. It has been adopted in modern art as the so-called liberty cap, or cap of liberty.

PHTHALATE
Phthal"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phthalic acid.

PHTHALEIN
Phthal"e*in, n. Etym: [See Phthalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthaleïn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent. Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as an indicator.

PHTHALIC
Phthal"ic, a. Etym: [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene and allied substances. Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs called the phthaleins.

PHTHALIDE
Phthal"ide, n. Etym: [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type. [Written also phthalid.]

PHTHALIMIDE
Phthal"i*mide, n. Etym: [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.

PHTHALIN
Phthal"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance obtained by reduction from phthaleïn, into which it is easily converted by oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the type.

PHTHALYL
Phthal"yl, n. Etym: [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.

PHTHIRIASIS
Phthi*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.

PHTHISIC
Phthis"ic, n.

Defn: Same as Phthisis.

PHTHISICAL
Phthis"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. phthisicus, Gr. phthisique. See Phthisis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; wasting; consumptive.

PHTHISICKY
Phthis"ick*y, a.

Defn: Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as difficulty in breathing.

PHTHISIOLOGY
Phthis`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on phthisis. Dunglison.

PHTHISIPNEUMONIA; PHTHISIPNEUMONY
Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a, Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny, n. Etym: [NL. See
Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Pulmonary consumption.

PHTHISIS
Phthi"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. phthisie.] (Med.)

Defn: A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption. Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.

PHTHONGAL
Phthon"gal, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; — said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

PHTHONGAL
Phthon"gal, n.

Defn: A vocalized element or letter.

PHTHONGOMETER
Phthon*gom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.

PHTHOR
Phthor, n. Etym: [F. phthore, Gr. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Fluorine. [Written also phthor.]

PHYCITE
Phy"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: See Erythrite, 1.

PHYCOCHROME
Phy"co*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A bluish green coloring matter of certain algæ.

PHYCOCYANIN; PHYCOCYANINE
Phy`co*cy"a*nin, Phy`co*cy"a*nine, n. Etym: [Gr. cyanin.]

Defn: A blue coloring matter found in certain algæ.

PHYCOERYTHRIN; PHYCOERYTHRINE
Phy`co*e*ryth"rin, Phy`co*e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. erythrin, -ine.]

Defn: A red coloring matter found in algæ of the subclass Florideæ.

PHYCOGRAPHY
Phy*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A description of seaweeds.

PHYCOLOGY
Phy*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of algæ, or seaweeds; algology.

PHYCOMATER
Phy`co*ma"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. mater mother.] (Bot.)

Defn: A gelatin in which the algæ spores have been supposed to vegetate.

PHYCOMYCETES
Phy`co*my*ce"tes, n. pl. [NL.; Gr. seaweed + mycetes.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large, important class of parasitic or saprophytic fungi, the algal or algalike fungi. The plant body ranges from an undifferentiated mass of protoplasm to a well-developed and much- branched mycelium. Reproduction is mainly sexual, by the formation of conidia or sporangia; but the group shows every form of transition from this method through simple conjugation to perfect sexual reproduction by egg and sperm in the higher forms. — Phy`co*my*ce"tous (#), a.

PHYCOPHAEINE
Phy`co*phæ"ine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A brown coloring matter found in certain algæ.

PHYCOXANTHIN; PHYCOXANTHINE
Phy`co*xan"thin, Phy`co*xan"thine, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algæ.

PHYLACTER
Phy*lac"ter, n.

Defn: A phylactery. Sandys.

PHYLACTERED
Phy*lac"tered, a.

Defn: Wearing a phylactery.

PHYLACTERIC; PHYLACTERICAL
Phyl`ac*ter"ic, Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phylacteries.

PHYLACTERY Phy*lac"ter*y, n.; pl. Phylacteries. Etym: [OE. filateri, OF. filatire, filatiere, F. phylactère, L. phylacterium, Gr. Philatory.]

1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13- 22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.

PHYLACTOCARP
Phy*lac"to*carp, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the protection of the gonothecæ.

PHYLACTOLAEMA; PHYLACTOLAEMATA
Phy*lac`to*læ"ma, Phy*lac`to*læ"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fresh-water Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.

PHYLACTOLAEMATOUS
Phy*lac`to*læ"ma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phylactolæma.

PHYLACTOLEMA; PHYLACTOLEMATA
Phy*lac`to*le"ma, Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phylactolæma.

PHYLARCH
Phy"larch, n. Etym: [L. phylarchus, Gr. Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr.
Antiq.)

Defn: The chief of a phyle, or tribe.

PHYLARCHY
Phy"larch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The office of a phylarch; government of a class or tribe.

PHYLE
Phy"le, n.; pl. Phylæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.

PHYLLITE Phyl"lite, n. Etym: [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

PHYLLO-
Phyl"lo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. a leaf; as, phyllopod, phyllotaxy.

PHYLLOBRANCHIA Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Phyllobranciæ. Etym: [NL. See Phyllo-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crustacean gill composed of lamellæ.

PHYLLOCLADIUM
Phyl`lo*cla"di*um, n.; pl. Phyllocladia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A flattened stem or branch which more or less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards respiration and assimilation.

PHYLLOCYANIN
Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]

PHYLLOCYST
Phyl"lo*cyst, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cavity of a hydrophyllium.

PHYLLODE
Phyl"lode, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Phyllodium.

PHYLLODINEOUS
Phyl`lo*din"eous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having phyllodia; relating to phyllodia.

PHYLLODIUM
Phyl*lo"di*um, n.; pl. Phyllodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.

PHYLLODY
Phyl"lo*dy, n. Etym: [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.)

Defn: A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.

PHYLLOID
Phyl"loid, a. Etym: [Phyllo- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a leaf.

PHYLLOMANIA
Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.)

Defn: An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.

PHYLLOME
Phyl"lome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.

PHYLLOMORPHOSIS
Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.)

Defn: The succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R. Brown.

PHYLLOPHAGAN Phyl*loph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a group of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.

PHYLLOPHAGOUS
Phyl*loph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Substituting on leaves; leaf-eating.

PHYLLOPHOROUS
Phyl*loph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

PHYLLOPOD
Phyl"lo*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phyllopoda.

Note: [Also used adjectively.]

PHYLLOPODA
Phyl*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also Branchiopoda.

Note: In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (Holostraca); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (Monostraca); in others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.

PHYLLOPODOUS
Phyl*lop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.

PHYLLORHINE
Phyl"lo*rhine, a. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.

PHYLLOSOMA
Phyl`lo*so"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. Called also glass-crab, and glass-shrimp.

PHYLLOSTOME
Phyl"lo*stome, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bat of the genus Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.

PHYLLOSTOMID
Phyl*los"to*mid, n.

Defn: A phyllostome.

PHYLLOTACTIC
Phyl`lo*tac"tic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.

PHYLLOTAXY; PHYLLOTAXIS
Phyl"lo*tax`y, Phyl"lo*tax`is, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.

PHYLLOUS
Phyl"lous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.

PHYLLOXANTHIN
Phyl`lo*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Phyllo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellow coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.

PHYLLOXERA
Phyl`lox*e"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, especially in Europe.

Note: It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.

2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just described.

PHYLOGENESIS; PHYLOGENY
Phy`lo*gen"e*sis, Phy*log"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis, or root of Gr.

Defn: The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development generally.

PHYLOGENETIC
Phy*lo*ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of
organism.
— Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHYLON
Phy"lon, n.; pl. Phyla. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A tribe.

PHYLUM
Phy"lum, n.; pl. Phyla. Etym: [NL. See Phylon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.

PHYMA
Phy"ma, n.; pl. Phymata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tubercle on any external part of the body.

PHYSA
Phy"sa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond snail, under Pond.

PHYSALIA
Phy*sa"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the
Portuguese man-of-war.

Note: It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species (Physalia arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, and its ability to sail to windward.

PHYSALIAE
Phy*sa"li*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Siphonophora which includes Physalia.

PHYSEMARIA
Phys`e*ma"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.

PHYSETER
Phy*se"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. physétère.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The genus that includes the sperm whale.

2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.

PHYSIANTHROPY
Phys`i*an"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.

PHYSIC
Phys"ic, n. Etym: [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique
knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. be. See
Be, and cf. Physics, Physique.]

1. The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine. "A doctor of physik." Chaucer.

2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.

3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.

4. A physician. [R.] Shak. Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree (Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large quantities.

PHYSIC
Phys"ic, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Physiced; p. pr. & vb. n. Physicking.]

1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.

2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure. The labor we delight in physics pain. Shak. A mind diseased no remedy can physic. Byron.

PHYSICAL
Phys"ic*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to nature (as including all created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; natural; as, armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; the body is the physical part of man. Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects in motion. J. S. Mill. A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere physical force. Macaulay.

2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as, physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope.

3. Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical, characters of a mineral.

4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal; curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative. [Obs.] "Physical herbs." Sir T. North. Is Brutus sick and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up the humors Of the dank morning Shak. Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the motions resulting from universal gravitation. — Physical education, training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion of health and vigor. — Physical examination (Med.), an examination of the bodily condition of a person. — Physical geography. See under Geography. — Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter; a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point. — Physical signs (Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state afforded by a physical examination.

PHYSICALLY
Phys"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a physical manner; according to the laws of nature or physics; by physical force; not morally. I am not now treating physically of light or colors. Locke.

2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.] He that lives physically must live miserably. Cheyne.

PHYSICIAN Phy*si"cian, n. Etym: [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics. See Physic.]

1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.

2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a physician of the soul.

PHYSICIANED
Phy*si"cianed, a.

Defn: Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed apothecary."
Walpole.

PHYSICISM
Phys"i*cism, n.

Defn: The tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion. Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so call it) develops into science. Huxley.

PHYSICIST
Phys"i*cist, n.

Defn: One versed in physics.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; — opposed to vitalist.

PHYSICKING
Phys"ick*ing,

Defn: p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.

PHYSICO-
Phys"i*co-. Etym: [Fr. Gr.

Defn: A combining form, denoting relation to, or dependence upon, natural causes, or the science of physics.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL
Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Physico- + chemical.]

Defn: Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley.

PHYSICOLOGIC
Phys`i*co*log"ic, n. Etym: [Physico- + logic.]

Defn: Logic illustrated by physics.

PHYSICOLOGICAL
Phys`i*co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.

PHYSICOLOGY
Phys`i*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Physico- + -logy.]

Defn: Physics. [R.] — Phys`i*col"o*gist, n. [R.]

PHYSICO-MATHEMATICS
Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics, n. Etym: [Physico- + mathematics.]

Defn: Mixed mathematics.

PHYSICO-PHILOSOPHY
Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy, n. Etym: [Physico- + philosophy.]

Defn: The philosophy of nature.

PHYSICO-THEOLOGY
Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Physico- + theology.]

Defn: Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.

PHYSICS
Phys"ics, n. Etym: [See Physic.]

Defn: The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy.

Note: Chemistry, though a branch of general physics, is commonly treated as a science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it involves constitute a branch called chemical physics, which treats more especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing substances.

PHYSIOCRAT
Phys"i*o*crat, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One of the followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order. F. A. Walker. — Phys`i*o*crat"ic, a.

PHYSIOGENY
Phys`i*og"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The germ history of the functions, or the history of the development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny. Haeckel.

PHYSIOGNOMER
Phys`i*og"no*mer, n.

Defn: Physiognomist.

PHYSIOGNOMIC; PHYSIOGNOMICAL Phys`i*og*nom"ic, Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. physiognomonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the principles
of physiognomy.
— Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHYSIOGNOMIST
Phys`i*og*nom"ist, n.

Defn: Same as Physiognomy, 1.

PHYSIOGNOMIST
Phys`i*og"no*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. physiognomiste.]

1. One skilled in physiognomy. Dryden.

2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.

PHYSIOGNOMIZE
Phys`i*og"no*mize, v. t.

Defn: To observe and study the physiognomy of. [R.] Southey.

PHYSIOGNOMMONIC
Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic, a.

Defn: Physiognomic.

PHYSIOGNOMY Phys`i*og"no*my, n.; pl. Physiognomies. Etym: [OE. fisonomie, phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie, from Gr. Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]

1. The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of the face.

2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.

3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.] Bale.

4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of a meteor.

PHYSIOGONY
Phys`i*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The birth of nature. [R.] Coleridge.

PHYSIOGRAPHIC; PHYSIOGRAPHICAL Phys`i*o*graph"ic, Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. physiographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to physiography.

PHYSIOGRAPHY
Phys`i*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. physiographie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the earth's exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.

PHYSIOLATRY
Phys`i*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature worship. "The physiolatry of the Vedas." M. Williams.

PHYSIOLOGER
Phys`i*ol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A physiologist.

PHYSIOLOGIC
Phys`i*o*log"ic, a. Etym: [L. physiologicus, Gr. physiologique.]

Defn: Physiological.

PHYSIOLOGICAL
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the functions of living organism; as, physiological botany or chemistry.

PHYSIOLOGICALLY
Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a physiological manner.

PHYSIOLOGIST
Phys`i*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. physiologiste.]

Defn: One who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.

PHYSIOLOGIZE
Phys`i*ol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To speculate in physiology; to make physiological investigations. Cudworth.

PHYSIOLOGY Phys`i*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Physiologies. Etym: [L. physiologia, Gr. physiologie.]

1. The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.

Note: It is divided into animal and vegetable physiology, dealing with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called human physiology.

2. A treatise on physiology. Mental physiology, the science of the functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.

PHYSIOPHYLY
Phys`i*oph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital activities, — being a branch of phylogeny. See Morphophyly. Haeckel.

PHYSIQUE
Phy*sique", n. Etym: [F. See Physic.]

Defn: The natural constitution, or physical structure, of a person.
With his white hair and splendid physique. Mrs. Stowe.

PHYSNOMY
Phys"no*my, n.

Defn: Physiogmony. [Obs.]

PHYSOCLIST
Phys"o*clist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Physoclisti.

PHYSOCLISTI
Phys`o*clis"ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.

PHYSOGRADE
Phys"o*grade, n. Etym: [Gr. gradi to walk, go.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the
Physalia.

PHYSOPHORAE
Phy*soph"o*ræ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

PHYSOPOD
Phy"so*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Physopoda; a thrips.

PHYSOPODA
Phy*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Thysanoptera.

PHYSOSTIGMINE
Phy`so*stig"mine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of Physostigma venenosum), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; — formerly called eserine, with which it was regarded as identical.

PHYSOSTOMI
Phy*sos"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.

PHYSOSTOMOUS Phy*sos"to*mous, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a duct to the air bladder. (b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.

PHYTELEPHAS
Phy*tel"e*phas, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called vegetable ivory.

PHYTIVOROUS
Phy*tiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.]

Defn: Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals. Ray.

PHYTO-
Phy"to-. Etym: [See Physic.]

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant; as, phytochemistry, phytography.

PHYTOCHEMICAL
Phy`to*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt.

PHYTOCHEMISTRY
Phy"to*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Phyto- + chemistry.]

Defn: Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt.

PHYTOCHIMY
Phy*toch"i*my, n. Etym: [F. phytochimie; Gr. chimie chemistry.]

Defn: Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.]

PHYTOGENESIS; PHYTOGENY Phy`to*gen"e*sis, Phy*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Phyto- + genesis, or root of Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of the generation of plants.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL
Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phytogeography.

PHYTOGEOGRAPHY
Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + geography.]

Defn: The geographical distribution of plants.

PHYTOGLYPHIC
Phy`to*glyph"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to phytoglyphy.

PHYTOGLYPHY
Phy*tog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr.

Defn: See Nature printing, under Nature.

PHYTOGRAPHICAL
Phy`to*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phytographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phytography.

PHYTOGRAPHY
Phy*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.]

Defn: The science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a description of plants.

PHYTOID
Phy"toid, a. Etym: [Phyto- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling a plant; plantlike.

PHYTOLACCA
Phy`to*lac"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. lacca lac.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.

PHYTOLITE
Phy"to*lite, n. Etym: [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.]

Defn: An old name for a fossil plant.

PHYTOLITHOLOGIST
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.

PHYTOLITHOLOGY
Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + lithology.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of fossil plants; — usually called paleobotany, sometimes paleophytology.

PHYTOLOGICAL
Phy`to*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phytologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to phytology; botanical.

PHYTOLOGIST
Phy*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a botanist.
Evelyn.

PHYTOLOGY
Phy*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.]

Defn: The science of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany. Sir T. Browne.

PHYTOMER; PHYTOMERON
Phy"to*mer, Phy*tom"e*ron, n. Etym: [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An organic element of a flowering plant; a phyton.

PHYTON
Phy"ton, n.; pl. Phytons. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a phytomer.

PHYTONOMY
Phy*ton"o*my, n. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr. phytonomie.]

Defn: The science of the origin and growth of plants.

PHYTOPATHOLOGIST
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in diseases of plants.

PHYTOPATHOLOGY
Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + pathology.]

Defn: The science of diseases to which plants are liable.

PHYTOPHAGA
Phy*toph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies.

PHYTOPHAGIC
Phy`to*phag"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Phytophagous.

PHYTOPHAGOUS
Phy*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on plants; herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.

PHYTOPHAGY
Phy*toph"a*gy, n.

Defn: The eating of plants.

PHYTOPHYSIOLOGY
Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phyto- + physiology.]

Defn: Vegetable physiology.

PHYTOTOMIST
Phy*tot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed in phytotomy.

PHYTOTOMY
Phy*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Phyto- + Gr.

Defn: The dissection of plants; vegetable anatomy.

PHYTOZOARIA
Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Phytozoön.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Infusoria.

PHYTOZOON; PHYTOZOOEN
Phy`to*zo"ön, n.; pl. Phytozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to zoöphytes.

PHYZ
Phyz, n.

Defn: See Phiz.

PI
Pi, n. Etym: [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.)

Defn: A mass of type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.]

PI
Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pied; p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing.] (Print.)

Defn: To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]

PIACABA
Pi*aç"a*ba, n.

Defn: See Piassava.

PIACLE Pi"a*cle, n. Etym: [L. piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to expiate, pius pious.]

Defn: A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell.

PIACULAR
Pi*ac"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.]

1. Expiatory; atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "Piacular pollution." De Quincey.

PIACULARITY
Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being piacular; criminality; wickedness. De Quincey.

PIACULOUS
Pi*ac"u*lous, a.

Defn: Same as Piacular.

PIAL
Pi"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the pia mater.

PIA MATER Pi"a ma"ter. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) + mater mother.] (Anat.)

Defn: The delicate and highly vascular membrane immediately investing the brain and spinal cord.

PIAN Pian, n. Etym: [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name in South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.)

Defn: The yaws. See Yaws.

PIANET Pi"a*net`, n. Etym: [Cf. Pie magpie.] (Zoöl.) (a) The magpie. [Written also pianate, and pyenate.] (b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.] Bailey.

PIANETTE
Pi*a*nette", n. Etym: [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small piano; a pianino.

PIANINO
Pi`a*ni"no, n. Etym: [It., dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.)

Defn: A pianette, or small piano.

PIANISSIMO
Pi`a*nis"si*mo, a.Etym: [It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.)

Defn: Very soft; — a direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)

PIANIST
Pi*an"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.]

Defn: A performer, esp. a skilled performer, on the piano.

PIANO Pi*a"no, a. & adv. Etym: [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even, level.] (Mus.)

Defn: Soft; — a direction to the performer to execute a certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. p.)

PIANO; PIANOFORTE
Pi*an"o, Pi*an"o*for`te, n. Etym: [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus
even, smooth; see Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see
Fort).] (Mus.)

Defn: A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the harpsichord, and consisting of a sreies of wires of graduated length, thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys. Dumb piano. See Digitorium. — Grand piano. See under Grand. — Square piano, one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case. — Upright piano, one with an upright frame and vertical wires.

PIANOGRAPH
Pi*an"o*graph, n. Etym: [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.)

Defn: A form of melodiograph applied to a piano.

PIAPEC
Pi"a*pec, n. Etym: [Cf. Pie a magpie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African pie (Ptilostomus Senegalensis).

PIARIST
Pi"a*rist, n. Etym: [L. pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a religious order who are the regular clerks of the
Scuole Pie (religious schools), an institute of secondary education,
founded at Rome in the last years of the 16th century. Addis &
Arnold.

PIASSAVA
Pi*as"sa*va, n. Etym: [Pg. piasaba.]

Defn: A fibrous product of two Brazilian palm trees (Attalea funifera and Leopoldinia Piassaba), — used in making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also piaçaba and piasaba.

PIASTER Pi*as"ter, n. Etym: [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.]

Defn: A silver coin of Spain and various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster (commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about the value of the American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to 100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four and a half cents.

PIASTRE
Pi*as"tre, n.

Defn: See Piaster.

PIATION
Pi*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. piatio. See Piacle.]

Defn: The act of making atonement; expiation. [Obs.]

PIATTI
Pi*at"ti, n. pl. Etym: [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.)

Defn: Cymbals. [Written also pyatti.]

PIAZZA
Pi*az"za, n.; pl. Piazzas. Etym: [It., place, square, market place,
L. platea street, courtyard. See Place.]

Defn: An open square in a European town, especially an Italian town;
hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed gallery; a portico. In the
United States the word is popularly applied to a veranda.
We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas. Jer. Taylor.

PIBCORN
Pib"corn`, n. Etym: [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument or pipe, with a horn at each end, — used in
Wales.

PIBROCH Pi"broch, n. Etym: [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a piper, fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.]

Defn: A Highland air, suited to the particular passion which the musician would either excite or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on the bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle. Jamieson.

PIC
Pic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pic.]

Defn: A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to 28 inches.

PICA Pi"ca, n. Etym: [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The genus that includes the magpies.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.]

4. (Print.)

Defn: A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller than
English.

Note: This line is printed in pica

Note: Pica is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard of measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as double pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like. Small pica (Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and smaller than pica.

Note: This line is printed in small pica

PICADOR
Pic`a*dor", n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A horseman armed with a lance, who in a bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by picking him without attempting to kill him.

PICAMAR
Pic"a*mar`, n. Etym: [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar. It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.

PICAPARE
Pic"a*pare, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The finfoot.

PICARD
Pic"ard, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of Adamites in the fifteenth century; — so called from one Picard of Flanders. See Adamite.

PICARESQUE
Pic`a*resque", a. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. picaro rogue.]

Defn: Applied to that class of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish picaro, meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.

PICARIAE
Pi*ca"ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans, trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and humming birds.

PICARIAN
Pi*ca"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Picariæ.
— n.

Defn: One of the Picariæ.

PICAROON Pic`a*roon", n. Etym: [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a rogue.]

Defn: One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple.

PICAYUNE
Pic`a*yune", n. Etym: [From the language of the Caribs.]

Defn: A small coin of the value of six and a quarter cents. See
Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.]

PICAYUNISH
Pic`a*yun"ish, a.

Defn: Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business. [Colloq. U.S.]

PICCADIL; PICCADILLY Pic"ca*dil, Pic`ca*dil"ly, n. Etym: [OF. piccagilles the several divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of a doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p.p. of picar to prick. See Pike.]

Defn: A high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of a garment, — worn by men in the 17th century.

PICCAGE
Pic"cage, n. Etym: [LL. piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng.
Law)

Defn: Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths.
Ainsworth.

PICCALILLI
Pic"ca*lil`li, n.

Defn: A pickle of various vegetables with pungent species, — originally made in the East Indies.

PICCOLO
Pic"co*lo, n. Etym: [It., small.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A small, shrill flute, the pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave flute.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A small upright piano.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.

PICE
Pice, n. Etym: [Hind. paisa]

Defn: A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth less than a cent.
Malcom.

PICEA
Pic"e*a, n. Etym: [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and other respects differing from the firs.

PICENE
Pi"cene, n. Etym: [See Piceous.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon (C

PICEOUS
Pic"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.

PICHEY
Pi"chey, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Brazilian armadillo (Dasypus minutus); the little armadillo.
[Written also pichiy.]

PICHICIAGO
Pi`chi*ci*a"go, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, burrowing, South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus), allied to the armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back. [Written also pichyciego.]

PICHURIM BEAN
Pich"u*rim bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (Nectandra Puchury) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of sassafras, — sometimes used medicinally. Called also sassafras nut.

PICI
Pi"ci, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.

PICIFORM
Pi"ci*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Piciformes.

PICIFORMES
Pic`i*for"mes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies, kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.

PICINE
Pi"cine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici), or to the
Piciformes.

PICK
Pick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picked; p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.] Etym:
[OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka,
Dan. pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v.,
Pike, Pitch to throw.]

1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.] As high as I could pick my lance. Shak.

2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.

3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to pick matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.

4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.

5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a fowl, etc.

6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to pick a goose; to pick a pocket. Did you pick Master Slender's purse Shak. He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern quill, is hungry yet. Cowper.

7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull; as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; — often with out. "One man picked out of ten thousand." Shak.

8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to bring together; as, to pick rags; — often with up; as, to pick up a ball or stones; to pick up information.

9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer. To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. — To pick a bone with. See under Bone. — To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.] Robynson (More's Utopia). — To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by picking. (b) To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick off the enemy. — To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as, to pick out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b) To select from a number or quantity. — To pick to pieces, to pull apart piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in detail. — To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel intentionally. — To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b) To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a livelihood; to pick up news.(c) to acquire (an infectious disease); as, to pick up a cold on the airplane. (d) To meet (a person) and induce to accompany one; as, to pick up a date at the mall. [See several other defs in MW10]

PICK
Pick, v. i.

1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble. Why stand'st thou picking Is thy palate sore Dryden.

2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things; to select something with care.

3. To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing." Book of Com. Prayer. To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or business. [Colloq. U.S.]

PICK
Pick, n. Etym: [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.]

1. A sharp-pointed tool for picking; — often used in composition; as, a toothpick; a picklock.

2. (Mining & Mech.)

Defn: A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, — used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for dressing millstones.

3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler. [Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. & Fl.

4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick. France and Russia have the pick of our stables. Ld. Lytton.

5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick of the flock.

6. (Print.)

Defn: A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet. MacKellar.

7. (Painting)

Defn: That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to correct an unevenness in a picture.

8. (Weawing)

Defn: The blow which drives the shuttle, — the rate of speed of a loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in describing the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an inch. Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions. — Pick hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.

PICKABACK
Pick"a*back`, adv.

Defn: On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback. [Written also pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.] A woman stooping to take a child pickaback. R,Jefferies.

PICKANINNY Pick"a*nin`ny, n.; pl. Pickaninnies. Etym: [Cf. Sp. pequeño little, young.]

Defn: A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant. [U.S. &
West Indies]

PICKAPACK
Pick"a*pack`, adv.

Defn: Pickaback.

PICKAX; PICKAXE Pick"ax`, Pick"axe`, n. Etym: [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F. picois, fr. pic. See Pick, n.]

Defn: A pick with a point at one end, a transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed end for piercing as it strikes. Shak.

PICKBACK
Pick"back`, adv.

Defn: On the back.

PICKED
Pick"ed, a.

1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman. Let the stake be made picked at the top. Mortimer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a pike or spine on the back; — said of certain fishes.

3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men.

4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak. Picked dogfish. (Zoöl.) See under Dogfish. — Picked out, ornamented or relieved with lines, or the like, of a different, usually a lighter, color; as, a carriage body dark green, picked out with red.

PICKEDNESS
Pick"ed*ness, n.

1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness.

2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.] Too much pickedness is not manly. B. Jonson.

PICKEER Pick*eer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pickeered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pickeering.] Etym: [F. picorer to go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle, ultimately fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picorée, Sp. pecorea robbery committed by straggling soldiers.]

Defn: To make a raid for booty; to maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See Picaroon. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

PICKEERER
Pick*eer"er, n.

Defn: One who pickeers. [Obs.]

PICKER
Pick"er, n. Etym: [From Pick.]

1. One who, or that which, picks, in any sense, — as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a pickax; as, a cotton picker. "Pickers and stealers." Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to loosen and separate the fiber.

3. (Weaving)

Defn: The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, and impels it through the warp.

4. (Ordnance)

Defn: A priming wire for cleaning the vent.

PICKEREL
Pick"er*el, n. Etym: [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.]

1. A young or small pike. [Obs.] Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. Chaucer.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed pike. See Wall-eye.

Note: The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes the pike is called pickerel. Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia cordata) having large arrow- shaped leaves. So called because common in slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.

PICKERING
Pick"er*ing, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sauger of the St.Lawrence River.

PICKERY
Pick"er*y, n. Etym: [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.]

Defn: Petty theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.

PICKET
Pick"et, n. Etym: [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See
Pike, and cf. Piquet.]

1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or one used for tethering horses.

2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.

3. Etym: [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.)

Defn: A detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; — called also outlying picket.

4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant]

5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

6. A game at cards. See Piquet. Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, detailed to march if called upon. — Picket fence, a fence made of pickets. See def. 2, above. — Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. — Picket line. (Mil.) (a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. — Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.

PICKET
Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.]

1. To fortify with pointed stakes.

2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.

3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.

4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.

5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. [Obs.]

PICKETEE
Pick`e*tee", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Picotee.

PICK-FAULT
Pick"-fault`, n.

Defn: One who seeks out faults.

PICKING
Pick"ing, n.

1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.

2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.

3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.

4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.

5. pl.

Defn: The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.]
Simmonds.

6. (Mining)

Defn: Rough sorting of ore.

7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.

PICKING
Pick"ing, a.

1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking sound.

2. Nice; careful. [Obs.] was too warm on picking work to dwell. Dryden. Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.

PICKLE
Pic"kle, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Picle.

PICKLE Pic"kle, n. Etym: [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding to the cleaning of the fish.]

1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar, plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, etc.

2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar.

3. (Founding)

Defn: A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.

4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.] To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this pickle" Shak. — To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a particular reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.

PICKLE
Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling.]

1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of pickle; as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.

2. To give an antique appearance to; — said of copies or imitations of paintings by the old masters.

PICKLED
Pic"kled, a.

Defn: Preserved in a pickle.

PICKLE-HERRING
Pic"kle-her"ring, n.

1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled herring. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.

PICKLER
Pic"kler, n.

Defn: One who makes pickles.

PICKLOCK
Pick"lock`, n.

1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.

2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer. Taylor.

PICK-ME-UP
Pick"-me-up`, n.

Defn: A stimulant, restorative, or tonic; a bracer. [Colloq.]

PICKMIRE Pick"mire`, n. Etym: [So called from its picking its food from the mire.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]

PICKNICK
Pick"nick, n.

Defn: See Picnic.

PICKPACK
Pick"pack`, adv.

Defn: Pickaback.

PICKPENNY
Pick"pen`ny, n.; pl. Pickpennies (.

Defn: A miser; also, a sharper. Dr. H. More.

PICKPOCKET
Pick"pock`et, n.

Defn: One who steals purses or other articles from pockets. Bentley.

PICKPURSE
Pick"purse`, n.

Defn: One who steals purses, or money from purses. Latimer. Shak.

PICKSY
Pick"sy, n.

Defn: See Pixy.

PICKTHANK
Pick"thank`, n.

Defn: One who strives to put another under obligation; an officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively. Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers. Shak.

PICKTOOTH
Pick"tooth`, n.

Defn: A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.

PICK-UP; PICKUP
Pick"-up, or Pick"up`, n. [Colloq., Cant. or Slang]

1. Act of picking up, as, in various games, the fielding or hitting of a ball just after it strikes the ground.

2. That which picks up; specif.: (Elec.)

Defn: = Brush b.

3. One that is picked up, as a meal hastily got up for the occasion, a chance acquaintance, an informal game, etc.

PICLE; PICKLE
Pi"cle, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.]

Defn: A small piece of land inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.]
[Written also pickle.]

PI CLOTH
Pi"ña cloth`.

Defn: A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

PI CLOTH
Pi`ña cloth. [See Piña.]

Defn: A fine fabric for scarfs, handkerchiefs, embroidery, etc., woven from the fiber obtained from the leaf of the sterile pineapple plant. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a tinge of pale yellow.

PICNIC
Pic"nic, n. Etym: [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf.
Knickknack.]

Defn: Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and from food carried by themselves).

PICNIC
Pic"nic, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Picnicked; p. pr. & vb. n. Picnicking.]

Defn: To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in public fashion.

PICNICKER
Pic"nick*er, n.

Defn: One who takes part in a picnic.

PICOID
Pi"coid, a. Etym: [Picus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Pici.

PICOLINE
Pic"o*line, n. Etym: [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; — called also methyl pyridine.

PICOT
Pi`cot", n. [F.]

Defn: One of many small loops, as of thread, forming an ornamental border, as on a ribbon.

PICOTEE; PICOTINE
Pic`o*tee", Pic`o*tine", n. Etym: [F. picoté dotted, picked.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously dotted and spotted at the edges.

PICQUET
Pic"quet, n.

Defn: See Piquet.

PICRA
Pi"cra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The powder of aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.

PICRATE
Pi"crate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of picric acid.

PICRIC
Pi"cric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a strong organic acid (called picric acid), intensely bitter.

Note: Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric acid, as a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it is very unstable when heated. Called also trinitrophenol, and formerly carbazotic acid.

PICRITE
Pic"rite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A dark green igneous rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, biotite, etc.

PICROLITE
Pic"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A fibrous variety of serpentine.

PICROMEL
Pic"ro*mel, n. Etym: [Gr. picromel.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste.

Note: It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the bile, but is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of glycocholic and taurocholic acids.

PICROTOXIN
Pic`ro*tox"in, n. Etym: [Gr. toxic + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture of several neutral substances.

PICRYL
Pi"cryl, n. Etym: [Picric + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of picric acid, analogous to phenyl.

PICTISH
Pict"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The Pictish peer." Byron.

PICTOGRAPH
Pic"to*graph, n. Etym: [See Picture, and -graph.]

Defn: A picture or hieroglyph representing and expressing an idea.
— Pic`to*graph"ic, a.

PICTORIAL Pic*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr. pingere to paint. See Paint.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a picture; as, a pictorial dictionary; a pictorial imagination. "Pictorial rhetoric." Ruskin. — Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

PICTORIC; PICTORICAL
Pic*tor"ic, Pic*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pictorial. [Obs.]

PICTS
Picts, n. pl.; sing. Pict (. Etym: [L. Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland in early times.

PICTURA
Pic*tu"ra, n. Etym: [L., a painting.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pattern of coloration.

PICTURABLE
Pic"tur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being pictured, or represented by a picture.

PICTURAL
Pic"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

PICTURAL
Pic"tur*al, n.

Defn: A picture. [Obs.] Spenser.

PICTURE Pic"ture, n. Etym: [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F. peinture. See Paint.]

1. The art of painting; representation by painting. [Obs.] Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting, drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By extension, a figure; a model. Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects. Bacon. The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax. Howell.

3. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the picture of grief. My eyes make pictures when they are shut. Coleridge.

Note: Picture is often used adjectively, or in forming self- explaining compounds; as, picture book or picture-book, picture frame or picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller, etc. Picture gallery, a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the exhibition of pictures. — Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. — Picture writing. (a) The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means of pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question. Tylor. (b) The record or message so represented; as, the picture writing of the American Indians.

Syn. — Picture, Painting. Every kind of representation by drawing or painting is a picture, whether made with oil colors, water colors, pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a painting is a picture made by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush.

PICTURE
Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pictured; p. pr. & vb. n. Picturing.]

Defn: To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind. "I . . . do picture it in my mind." Spenser. I have not seen him so pictured. Shak.

PICTURED
Pic"tured, a.

Defn: Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or pictures; as, a pictured scene.

PICTURER
Pic"tur*er, n.

Defn: One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller.

PICTURESQUE
Pic`tur*esque", a. Etym: [It. pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See
Pictorial.]

Defn: Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture; representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque scene or attitude; picturesque language. What is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the sublime It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible excess. De Quincey. — Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv. — Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.

PICTURESQUISH
Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat picturesque. [R.]

PICTURIZE
Pic"tur*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Picturizing.] [R.]

1. To picture.

2. To adorn with pictures.

PICUL Pic"ul, n. Etym: [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back, to carry a burden; n., a man's burden.]

Defn: A commercial weight varying in different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it is 135tan. [Written also pecul, and pecal.]

PICULET
Pic"u*let, n. Etym: [Dim. of Picus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of very small woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and allied genera. Their tail feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary woodpeckers.

PICUS
Pi"cus, n.; pl. Pici. Etym: [L., a woodpecker.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European species.

PIDDLE
Pid"dle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Piddling.]
Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta to pick.]

1. To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters rather than with those that are important. Ascham.

2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift.

3. To urinate; — child's word.

PIDDLER
Pid"dler, n.

Defn: One who piddles.

PIDDLING
Pid"dling, a.

Defn: Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; — applied to persons and
things.
The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes. Milton.

PIDDOCK
Pid"dock, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pholas; a pholad. See Pholas.

PIE Pie, n. Etym: [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael. pige an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.]

1. An article of food consisting of paste baked with something in it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison pie; mince pie; apple pie; pumpkin pie.

2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Pie crust, the paste of a pie.

PIE
Pie, n. Etym: [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to
paint; the bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint,
Speight.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica, and of several allied genera. [Written also pye.]

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The service book.

3. (Pritn.)

Defn: Type confusedly mixed. See Pi. By cock and pie, an adjuration
equivalent to "by God and the service book." Shak.
— Tree pie (Zoöl.), any Asiatic bird of the genus Dendrocitta,
allied to the magpie.
— Wood pie. (Zoöl.) See French pie, under French.

PIE
Pie, v. t.

Defn: See Pi.

PIEBALD
Pie"bald`, a. Etym: [Pie the party-colored bird + bald.]

1. Having spots and patches of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied. "A piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden.

2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras.

PIECE Piece, n. Etym: [OE. pece, F. pièce, LL. pecia, petia, petium, probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a little, Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.]

1. A fragment or part of anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; as, a piece of sugar; to break in pieces. Bring it out piece by piece. Ezek. xxiv. 6.

2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece of broadcloth; a piece of wall paper.

3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a definite performance; especially: (a) A literary or artistic composition; as, a piece of poetry, music, or statuary. (b) A musket, gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a following piece. (c) A coin; as, a sixpenny piece; — formerly applied specifically to an English gold coin worth 22 shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a piece of news; a piece of knowledge.

4. An individual; — applied to a person as being of a certain nature or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt. "If I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir P. Sidney. Thy mother was a piece of virtue. Shak. His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is in all the world. Coleridge. a piece of cake, a task easily accomplished. a piece of work, a disparaging term for a person considered to have an excess of some undesirable quality; esp. difficult or eccentric person. Piece of ass vulgar term for a woman, considered as a partner in sexual intercourse

5. (Chess)

Defn: One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.

6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser. Of a piece, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; — sometimes followed by with. Dryden. — Piece of eight, the Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. — To give a piece of one's mind to, to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another). Tackeray. — Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell again. — Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.

PIECE
Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced; p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing.]

1. To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces; to patch; as, to piece a garment; — often with out. Shak.

2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller. His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in a joint opposition against him. Fuller.

PIECE
Piece, v. i.

Defn: To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together; to join.
"It pieced better." Bacon.

PIECELESS
Piece"less, a.

Defn: Not made of pieces; whole; entire.

PIECELY
Piece"ly, adv.

Defn: In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.]

PIECEMEAL Piece"meal`, adv. Etym: [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m, dat. pl. of m part. See Meal a portion.]

1. In pieces; in parts or fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake." Chapman. The beasts will tear thee piecemeal. Tennyson.

2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession. Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that. Pope.

PIECEMEAL
Piece"meal`, a.

Defn: Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These piecemeal guilts." Gov. of Tongue.

PIECEMEAL
Piece"meal`, n.

Defn: A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan.

PIECEMEALED
Piece"mealed`, a.

Defn: Divided into pieces.

PIECENER
Piece"ner, n.

1. One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in woolen mills.

2. Same as Piecer, 2.

PIECER
Pie"cer, n.

1. One who pieces; a patcher.

2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.

PIECEWORK
Piece"work`, n.

Defn: Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time employed. The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre. R. Jefferies.

PIED
Pied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.

PIED
Pied, a. Etym: [From Pie the party-colored bird.]

Defn: Variegated with spots of different colors; party-colored;
spotted; piebald. "Pied coats." Burton. "Meadows trim with daisies
pied." Milton. Pied antelope (Zoöl.), the bontebok.
— Pied-billed grebe (Zoöl.), the dabchick.
— Pied blackbird (Zoöl.), any Asiatic thrush of the genus Turdulus.
— Pied finch (Zoöl.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The snow bunting.
[Prov. Eng.] — Pied flycatcher (Zoöl.), a common European flycatcher
(Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and white.

PIEDMONT
Pied"mont, a. Etym: [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.)

Defn: Noting the region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.

PIEDMONTITE
Pied"mont*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A manganesian kind of epidote, from Piedmont. See Epidote.

PIEDNESS
Pied"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being pied. Shak.

PIEDOUCHE
Pié`douche", n. Etym: [F., fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.]

Defn: A pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts, vases, and the like.

PIEDSTALL
Pied"stall, n.

Defn: See Pedestal. [Obs.]

PIEMAN
Pie"man, n.; pl. Piemen (.

Defn: A man who makes or sells pies.

PIEND
Piend, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.]

Defn: See Peen.

PIENO
Pi*e"no, a. Etym: [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.)

Defn: Full; having all the instruments.

PIEPLANT
Pie"plant`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks of which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.

PIEPOUDRE; PIEPOWDER Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der, n. Etym: [Lit., dustyfoot, i.e., dusty- footed dealers, fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was the judge. Blackstone.

PIER
Pier, n. Etym: [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra,
Gr. Petrify.]

1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress.

2. A projecting wharf or landing place. Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. — Pier glass, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. — Pier table, a table made to stand between windows.

PIERAGE
Pier"age, n.

Defn: Same as Wharfage. Smart.

PIERCE Pierce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced; p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing.] Etym: [OE. percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh. fr. (assumed) LL. pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L. pertundere, pertusum, to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat: cf. OF. pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch, Pertuse.]

1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed instrument. "I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden.

2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the ship.

3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery. "Pierced with grief." Pope. Can no prayers pierce thee Shak.

PIERCE
Pierce, v. i.

Defn: To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through
something, as a pointed instrument does; — used literally and
figuratively.
And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. Spenser.
She would not pierce further into his meaning. Sir P. Sidney.

PIERCEABLE
Pierce"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be pierced.

PIERCED
Pierced, a.

Defn: Penetrated; entered; perforated.

PIERCEL
Pier"cel, n. Etym: [Cf. F. perce.]

Defn: A kind of gimlet for making vents in casks; — called also piercer.

PIERCER
Pier"cer, n.

1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates; specifically: (a) An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto. (b) A piercel.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect. (b) An insect provided with an ovipositor.

PIERCING
Pier"cing, a.

Defn: Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a point; perforating; penetrating; keen; — used also figuratively; as, a piercing instrument, or thrust. "Piercing eloquence." Shak. — Pier"cing*ly, adv. — Pier"cing*ness, n.

PIERIAN Pi*e"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred to the Muses.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. Pope.

PIERID
Pi"er*id, n. Etym: [See Peirides.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any butterfly of the genus Pieris and related genera. See
Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.

PIERIDES
Pi*er"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Pierian.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muses.

PIERRE-PERDU
Pierre`-per`du", n. [F. pierre perdue lost stone.]

Defn: Blocks of stone or concrete heaped loosely in the water to make a foundation (as for a sea wall), a mole, etc.

PIET Pi"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zoöl.) (a) The dipper, or watter ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.] Jay piet (Zoöl.), the European jay. [Prov.Eng.] — Sea piet (Zoöl.), the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

PIETA
Pi*e*tà", n. Etym: [It.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A representation of the dead Christ, attended by the Virgin
Mary or by holy women and angels. Mollett.

PIETISM
Pi"e*tism, n. Etym: [Cf. G. pietismus, F. piétisme.]

1. The principle or practice of the Pietists.

2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion. The Schöne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm Meister." W. Pater.

PIETIST
Pi"e*tist, n. Etym: [Cf. G. pietist, F. piétiste. See Piety.] (Eccl.
Hist.)

Defn: One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant churches; — often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.

PIETISTIC; PIETISTICAL
Pi`e*tis"tic, Pi`e*tis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious. Addison.

PIETRA DURA
Pi*e"tra du"ra. Etym: [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: Hard and fine stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra dura, though the ground may be soft marble.

PIETY Pi"e*ty, n. Etym: [F. piété; cf. It. pietà; both fr. L. pietas piety, fr. pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.]

1. Veneration or reverence of the Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will of God, and earnest devotion to his service. Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man. Rambler.

2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc. Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to have shown. Milton.

Syn.
— Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See Religion.

PIEWIPE
Pie"wipe`, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing, or pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

PIEZOMETER
Pi`e*zom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. piézomètre.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure at that point.

PIFFERO; PIFFARA
Pif"fe*ro, Pif"fa*ra, n. Etym: [It. piffero.] (Mus.)

Defn: A fife; also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for reservoir.

PIFFLE
Pif"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piffled; p. pr. & vb. n. Piffling.]

Defn: To be sequeamish or delicate; hence, to act or talk triflingly or ineffectively; to twaddle; piddle. [Dial. or Slang]

PIFFLE
Pif"fle, n.

Defn: Act of piffling; trifling talk or action; piddling; twaddle.
[Dial. or Slang] "Futile piffle." Kipling.

PIG
Pig, n.

Defn: A piggin. [Written also pigg.]

PIG Pig, n. Etym: [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga, Icel. pika.]

1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a hog. "Two pigges in a poke." Chaucer.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.

3. Etym: [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.]

Defn: An oblong mass of cast iron, lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.

4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low] Masked pig. (Zoöl.) See under Masked. — Pig bed (Founding), the bed of sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs. — Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. — Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a quadrant or sextant. — A pig in a poke (that is, bag), a blind bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the value being known. [Colloq.]

PIG
Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging.]

1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to farrow.

2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.

PIGEON Pi"geon, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the order Columbæ, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of the world.

Note: The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to numerous very remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger, and Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.

2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang] Blue pigeon (Zoöl.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); — called also black-faced crow. — Green pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family Treronidæ. — Imperial pigeon (Zoöl.), any one of the large Asiatic fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. — Pigeon berry (Bot.), the purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See Pokeweed. — Pigeon English Etym: [perhaps a corruption of business English], an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc. — Pigeon grass (Bot.), a kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as fodder. The seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds. — Pigeon hawk. (Zoöl.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco columbarius). The adult male is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b) The American sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter velox, or fuscus). — Pigeon hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b) See Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in which balls were rolled through little arches. Halliwell. — Pigeon house, a dovecote. — Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse used for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself. — Pigeon plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species of Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). — Pigeon tremex. (Zoöl.) See under Tremex. — Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis, Diospyros, and Coccoloba. — Pigeon woodpecker (Zoöl.), the flicker. — Prairie pigeon. (Zoöl.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. [Local, U.S.]

PIGEON
Pi"geon, v. t.

Defn: To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in gambling. [Slang]
Smart.
He's pigeoned and undone. Observer.

PIGEON-BREASTED
Pi"geon-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Having a breast like a pigeon, — the sternum being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.

PIGEONFOOT
Pi"geon*foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle).

PIGEON-HEARTED
Pi"geon-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted. Beau. & Fl.

PIGEONHOLE
Pi"geon*hole`, n.

Defn: A small compartment in a desk or case for the keeping of letters, documents, etc.; — so called from the resemblance of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.

PIGEONHOLE
Pi"geon*hole`, v. t.

Defn: To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a letter or a report.

PIGEON-LIVERED
Pi"geon-liv`ered, a.

Defn: Pigeon-hearted.

PIGEONRY
Pi"geon*ry, n.

Defn: A place for pigeons; a dovecote.

PIGEONTOED
Pi"geon*toed`, a.

Defn: Having the toes turned in.

PIGEONWING
Pi"geon*wing`, n.

1. A wing of a pigeon, or a wing like it.

2. An old mode of dressing men's side hair in a form likened to a pigeon's wings; also, a wig similarly shaped.

3. (Dancing) A fancy step executed by jumping and striking the legs together; as, to cut a pigeonwing.

4. A certain fancy figure in skating.

5. (Tempering) A color, brown shaded with purple, coming between dark brown and light blue in the table of colors in drawing the temper of hardened steel.

PIG-EYED
Pig"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having small, deep-set eyes.

PIGFISH Pig"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of salt-water grunts; — called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is also applied locally to several other fishes.

PIGFOOT
Pig"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine fish (Scorpæna porcus), native of Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.

PIGG
Pigg, n.

Defn: A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.

PIGGERY
Pig"ger*y, n.; pl. Piggeries (.

Defn: A place where swine are kept.

PIGGIN Pig"gin, n. Etym: [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.]

Defn: A small wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, — often used as a dipper.

PIGGISH
Pig"gish, a.

Defn: Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.

PIG-HEADED
Pig"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. — Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.

PIGHT
Pight, imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; — used also adjectively.

Defn: Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]
[His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head. Chaucer.
I found him pight to do it. Shak.

PIGHTEL
Pigh"tel, n. Etym: [Cf. Pight, Picle.]

Defn: A small inclosure. [Written also pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

PIG-JAWED
Pig"-jawed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; — said of dogs.

PIGMEAN
Pig*me"an, a.

Defn: See Pygmean.

PIGMENT Pig"ment, n. Etym: [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf. F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.]

1. Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Any one of the colored substances found in animal and vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.

3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott. Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.

PIGMENTAL; PIGMENTARY
Pig*men"tal, Pig"men*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pigments; furnished with pigments. Dunglison. Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a morbid condition in which an undue amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.

PIGMENTATION
Pig`men*ta"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A deposition, esp. an excessive deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver.

PIGMENTED
Pig"ment*ed, a.

Defn: Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.

PIGMENTOUS
Pig*men"tous, a.

Defn: Pigmental.

PIGMY
Pig"my, n.

Defn: See Pygmy. Pigmy falcon. (Zoöl.) Same as Falconet, 2 (a).

PIGNERATE Pig"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. pigneratus, p.p. of pignerate to pledge.]

1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]

2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]

PIGNORATION Pig`no*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate to pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F. pignoration.]

1. The act of pledging or pawning.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, till satisfaction is made. Burrill.

PIGNORATIVE
Pig"no*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pignoratif.]

Defn: Pledging, pawning. [R.]

PIGNUS
Pig"nus, n.; pl. Pignora. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: A pledge or pawn.

PIGNUT Pig"nut, n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d). (b) The bitter-flavored nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, or porcina); also, the tree itself.

PIGPEN
Pig"pen`, n.

Defn: A pen, or sty, for pigs.

PIGSKIN
Pig"skin`, n.

Defn: The skin of a pig, — used chiefly for making saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.

PIGSNEY Pigs"ney, n. Etym: [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or from E. pig's eye.]

Defn: A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.] [Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.

PIG-STICKING
Pig"-stick`ing, n.

Defn: Boar hunting; — so called by Anglo-Indians. [Colloq.]
Tackeray.

PIGSTY
Pig"sty`, n.; pl. Pigsties (.

Defn: A pigpen.

PIGTAIL
Pig"tail`, n.

1. The tail of a pig.

2. (Hair Dressing)

Defn: A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.

3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco. The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail. Swift.

PIGTAILED
Pig"tailed`, a.

Defn: Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed baboon.

PIGWEED
Pig"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot, and Lamb's- quarters.

PIGWIDGEON
Pig"wid`geon, n. Etym: [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.]

Defn: A cant word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of a fairy.

PIKA
Pi"ka, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of rodents of the genus Lagomys,
resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high mountains of
Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and crying hare. See
Chief hare.

PIKE Pike, n. Etym: [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick, a point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see Pie magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet.

2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or target. Beau. & Fl.

3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.

5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]

6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.

8. (Zoöl.) sing. & pl.

Defn: A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; — called also pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack.

Note: Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow
pike, are names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See Wall-eye.
Gar pike. See under Gar.
— Pike perch (Zoöl.), any fresh-water fish of the genus
Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye, and Sauger.
— Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing
floating logs.
— Pike whale (Zoöl.), a finback whale of the North Atlantic
(Balænoptera rostrata), having an elongated snout; — called also
piked whale.
— Sand pike (Zoöl.), the lizard fish.
— Sea pike (Zoöl.), the garfish (a).

PIKED
Piked, a.

Defn: Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; pointed.
"With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.

PIKE-DEVANT Pike`-de*vant", n. Etym: [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.]

Defn: A pointed beard. [Obs.]

PIKELET; PIKELIN
Pike"let, Pike"lin, n.

Defn: A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

PIKEMAN
Pike"man, n.; pl. Pikeman (.

1. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.

2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.

3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.

PIKESTAFF
Pike"staff`, n.

1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.

2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping. Sir W. Scott.

PIKETAIL
Pike"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Pintail, 1.

PIKROLITE
Pik"ro*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Picrolite.

PILAGE
Pi"lage, n.

Defn: See Pelage.

PILASTER
Pi*las"ter, n. Etym: [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr.
L. pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.)

Defn: An upright architectural member right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.

PILASTERED
Pi*las"tered, a.

Defn: Furnished with pilasters.

PILAU
Pi*lau", n.

Defn: See Pillau.

PILCH
Pilch, n. Etym: [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and
Pelt skin.]

Defn: A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur.
[Obs.]

PILCHARD
Pil"chard, n. Etym: [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the coast of England. Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. Shak.

PILCHER
Pilch"er, n. Etym: [From Pilch.]

Defn: A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.

PILCHER
Pilch"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pilchard.

PILCROW
Pil"crow, n. Etym: [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.)

Defn: a paragraph mark, . [Obs.] Tusser.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.]

1. A hair; hence, the fiber of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of carpeting and velvet. Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. Cowper.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A covering of hair or fur.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.]

Defn: The head of an arrow or spear. [Obs.] Chapman.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [AS. pil arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also
L. pila pillar.]

1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.

Note: Tubular iron piles are now much used.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost. Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. — Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. — Pile driver, or Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles, consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. — Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. — Pile plank (Hydraul. Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling, under Piling. — Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. — Screw pile, one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by pressure.

PILE
Pile, v. t.

Defn: To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles. To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet piling, under 2nd Piling.

PILE
Pile, n. Etym: [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone.
Cf. Pillar.]

1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of stones; a pile of wood.

2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.

3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.

4. A large building, or mass of buildings. The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. Dryden.

5. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: Same as Fagot, n., 2.

6. (Elec.)

Defn: A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; — commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.

Note: The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with battery; as, for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity by the action of heat, usually called a thermopile.

7. Etym: [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.]

Defn: The reverse of a coin. See Reverse. Cross and pile. See under
Cross.
— Dry pile. See under Dry.

PILE
Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled; p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.]

1. To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate; to amass; — often with up; as, to pile up wood. "Hills piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson. The labor of an age in piled stones. Milton.

2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load. To pile arms or muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.

PILEATE; PILEATED Pi"le*ate, Pi"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt cap or hat.]

1. Having the form of a cap for the head.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the head. Pileated woodpecker (Zoöl.), a large American woodpecker (Ceophloeus pileatus). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also logcock, and woodcock.

PILED
Piled, a. Etym: [From 2d Pile.]

Defn: Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.] "Magus threw a spear well piled." Chapman.

PILED
Piled, a. Etym: [From 1d Pile.]

Defn: Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet." L. Barry (1611).

PILED
Piled, a. Etym: [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: Formed from a pile or fagot; as, piled iron.

PILEIFORM
Pi*le"i*form, a. Etym: [Pileus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a pileus or cap; pileate.

PILEMENT
Pile"ment, n. Etym: [From Pile to lay into a heap.]

Defn: An accumulation; a heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

PILENTUM
Pi*len"tum, n.; pl. Pilenta. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An easy chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels, etc., for sacred rites were carried.

PILEORHIZA
Pi`le*o*rhi"za, n.; pl. Pilorhizæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity of a root; a rootcap.

PILEOUS
Pi"le*ous, a. Etym: [See Pilous.]

Defn: Consisting of, or covered with, hair; hairy; pilose.

PILER
Pil"er, n.

Defn: One who places things in a pile.

PILES
Piles, n. pl. Etym: [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.)

Defn: The small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids.

Note: [The singular pile is sometimes used.] Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed.

PILEUS
Pi"le*us, n.; pl. Pilei. Etym: [L., a felt cap.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A kind of skull cap of felt.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See Mushroom.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.

PILEWORM
Pile"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The teredo.

PILE-WORN
Pile"-worn`, a.

Defn: Having the pile worn off; threadbare.

PILEWORT
Pile"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of Linnæus) whose tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles. Forsyth.

PILFER
Pil"fer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pilfered; p. pr. & vb. n. Pilfering.]
Etym: [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.]

Defn: To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practice petty theft.

PILFER
Pil"fer, v. t.

Defn: To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by little. And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age would gladly keep. Cowper.

PILFERER
Pil"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who pilfers; a petty thief.

PILFERING
Pil"fer*ing, a.

Defn: Thieving in a small way. Shak.
— n.

Defn: Petty theft.
— Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv.

PILFERY
Pil"fer*y, n.

Defn: Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North.

PILGARLIC
Pil*gar"lic, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: One who has lost his hair by disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.

PILGRIM Pil"grim, n. Etym: [OE. pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D. pelgrim, OHG. piligrim, G. pilger, F. pèlerin, It. pellegrino; all fr. L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through + ager land, field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.]

1. A wayfarer; a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger. Strangers and pilgrims on the earth. Heb. xi. 13.

2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims. See Palmer. P. Plowman.

PILGRIM
Pil"grim, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making pilgrimages. "With pilgrim steps." Milton. Pilgrim fathers, a name popularly given to the one hundred and two English colonists who landed from the Mayflower and made the first settlement in New England at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists from the Church of England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland.

PILGRIM
Pil"grim, v. i.

Defn: To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle.

PILGRIMAGE Pil"grim*age, n. Etym: [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pèlerinage.]

1. The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. Shak. The days of the years of my pilgrimage. Gen. xlvii. 9.

2. A tedious and wearisome time. In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage. Shak.

Syn.
— Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey.

PILGRIMIZE
Pil"grim*ize, v. i.

Defn: To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

PILIDIUM
Pi*lid"i*um, n.; pl. Pildia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain nemertean worms. It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young worm develops in its interior.

PILIFERA
Pi*lif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Piliferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Mammalia.

PILIFEROUS
Pi*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilifère.]

1. Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.

2. Beset with hairs.

PILIFORM
Pil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling hairs or down.

PILIGEROUS
Pi*lig"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. piligère.]

Defn: Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.

PILING
Pil"ing, n. Etym: [See Pile a heap.]

1. The act of heaping up.

2. (Iron Manuf.)

Defn: The process of building up, heating, and working, fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.

PILING
Pil"ing, n. Etym: [See Pile a stake.]

Defn: A series of piles; piles considered collectively; as, the piling of a bridge. Pug piling, sheet piles connected together at the edges by dovetailed tongues and grooves. — Sheet piling, a series of piles made of planks or half logs driven edge to edge, — used to form the walls of cofferdams, etc.

PILL
Pill, n. Etym: [Cf. Peel skin, or Pillion.]

Defn: The peel or skin. [Obs.] "Some be covered over with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts." Holland.

PILL
Pill, v. i.

Defn: To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.

PILL Pill, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. pilare to deprive of hair, and E. pill, n. (above).]

1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.]

2. To peel; to make by removing the skin. [Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. Gen. xxx. 37.

PILL
Pill, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pilling.]
Etym: [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to
plunder.]

Defn: To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to plunder.
[Obs.] Spenser.
Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob. Sir
T. Malroy.

PILL Pill, n. Etym: [F. pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L. pila a ball. Cf. Piles.]

1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or small round mass, to be swallowed whole.

2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted or endured. Udall. Pill beetle (Zoöl.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having a rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax. — Pill bug (Zoöl.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having the habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also pill wood louse.

PILLAGE
Pil"lage, n. Etym: [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.]

1. The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak.

2. That which is taken from another or others by open force, particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty. Which pillage they with merry march bring home. Shak.

Syn. — Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. — Pillage, Plunder. Pillage refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of their goods, while plunder refers to the removal of the things thus taken; but the words are freely interchanged.

PILLAGE
Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging.]

Defn: To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy. Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city. Arbuthnot.

PILLAGE
Pil"lage, v. i.

Defn: To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.
They were suffered to pillage wherever they went. Macaulay.

PILLAGER
Pil"la*ger, n.

Defn: One who pillages. Pope.

PILLAR Pil"lar, n. Etym: [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium, pilarius, fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.]

1. The general and popular term for a firm, upright, insulated support for a superstructure; a pier, column, or post; also, a column or shaft not supporting a superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an ornament. Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. Gen. xxxv. 20. The place . . . vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars stood. Dryden.

2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance, character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the Pillars of Hercules; a pillar of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar." Shak. By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire. Milton.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton.

4. (Man.)

Defn: The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which a horse turns. From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or predicament to another; backward and forward. [Colloq.] — Pillar saint. See Stylite. — Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1.

PILLAR
Pil"lar, a. (Mach.)

Defn: Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead of legs; as, a pillar drill.

PILLAR-BLOCK
Pil"lar-block`, n.

Defn: See under Pillow.

PILLARED
Pil"lared, a.

Defn: Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a pillar, or pillars. "The pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared flame." Thomson.

PILLARET
Pil"lar*et, n.

Defn: A little pillar. [R.] Fuller.

PILLARIST
Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: See Stylite.

PILLAU
Pil*lau", n. Etym: [Per. & Turk. pilau.]

Defn: An Oriental dish consisting of rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written also pilau.]

PILLED
Pilled, a. Etym: [See 3rd Pill.]

Defn: Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald. [Obs.] "Pilled beard."
Chaucer.

PILLED-GARLIC
Pilled"-gar"lic, n.

Defn: See Pilgarlic.

PILLER
Pill"er, n.

Defn: One who pills or plunders. [Obs.]

PILLERY
Pill"er*y, n.; pl. Pilleries (.

Defn: Plunder; pillage. [Obs.] Daniel.

PILLION Pil"lion, n. Etym: [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean, pillin), fr. Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. pellis. See Pell, n., Fell skin.]

Defn: A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or cushion of saddle;
esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle, on which a woman
may ride.
His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups. Spenser.

PILLORIZE
Pil"lo*rize, v. t.

Defn: To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to pillory. [R.]

PILLORY Pil"lo*ry, n.; pl. Pillories. Etym: [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori, LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium, spilorium; perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around, observe. Cf. Speculate.]

Defn: A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so as to be exposed in front of it. Shak.

PILLORY
Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pilloried; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillorying.] Etym: [Cf. F. pilorier.]

1. To set in, or punish with, the pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to pillory." Macaulay.

2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone.

PILLOW
Pil"low, n. Etym: [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.]

1. Anything used to support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft material. [Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard. Shak.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.

4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian. Lace pillow, a cushion used in making hand-wrought lace. — Pillow bier Etym: [OE. pilwebere; cf. LG. büre a pillowcase], a pillowcase; pillow slip. [Obs.] Chaucer. — Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or standard, for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by means of bolts; — called also pillar block, or plumber block. — Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace pillow. — Pillow of a plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower the beam. — Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid over a pillow when not in use. — Pillow slip, a pillowcase.

PILLOW
Pil"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pillowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pillowing.]

Defn: To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as, to
pillow the head.
Pillows his chin upon an orient wave. Milton.

PILLOWCASE
Pil"low*case`, n.

Defn: A removable case or covering for a pillow, usually of white linen or cotton cloth.

PILLOWED
Pil"lowed, a.

Defn: Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head resting on,
or as on, a pillow.
Pillowedon buckler cold and hard. Sir W. Scott.

PILLOW LACE
Pil"low lace.

Defn: Lace made by hand with bobbins on a pillow.

PILLOWY
Pil"low*y, a.

Defn: Like a pillow. Keats.

PILL-WILLET
Pill"-wil`let, n. Etym: [So named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The willet.

PILLWORM
Pill"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any myriapod of the genus Iulus and allied genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under Myriapod.

PILLWORT
Pill"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; — sometimes called peppergrass.

PILOCARPINE Pi`lo*car"pine, n. Etym: [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi; L. pilus hair + Gr. pilocarpine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius) as a white amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the vasomotor system.

PILON
Pi*lon", n. [Sp., sugar loaf.] [Sp. Amer.]

1. A conical loaf of sugar.

2. A gratuity given by tradesmen to customers settling their accounts. [Southern U. S.]

PILONCE
Pi*lon"ce, n. [Amer. Sp. See Piloncillo.]

Defn: Same as Pilon. [Texas]

PILONCILLO
Pi`lon*cil"lo, n. [Amer. Sp., dim. of pilon.]

Defn: Same as Pilon. [Texas]

PILOSE
Pi*lose", a. Etym: [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.]

1. Hairy; full of, or made of, hair. The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering. Owen.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs; hairy; as, pilose pubescence.

PILOSITY
Pi*los"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pilosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being pilose; hairiness. Bacon.

PILOT Pi"lot, n. Etym: [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot, then, is the lead man, i.e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and Lead a metal.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a steersman.
Dryden.

2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a fixed rate of fees.

3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or unknown course.

4. An instrument for detecting the compass error.

5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.] Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to show the direction and force of the wind. — Pilot bird. (Zoöl.) (a) A bird found near the Caribbee Islands; - - so called because its presence indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb. (b) The black-bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] — Pilot boat, a strong, fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and leave vessels. — Pilot bread, ship biscuit. — Pilot cloth, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats. — Pilot engine, a locomotive going in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear. — Pilot fish. (Zoöl) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); — so named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). — Pilot jack, a flag or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot. — Pilot jacket, a pea jacket. — Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. — Pilot snake (Zoöl.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake. — Pilot whale. (Zoöl.) Same as Blackfish, 1.

PILOT
Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] Etym:
[Cf. F. piloter.]

1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is dangerous.

2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The art of piloting a state." Berkeley.

PILOTAGE
Pi"lot*age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pilotage.]

1. The pilot's skill or knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.

3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott.

PILOT BALLOON
Pilot balloon.

Defn: A small, unmanned balloon sent up to indicate the direction of air currents.

PILOT FLAG
Pilot flag.

Defn: The flag hoisted at the fore by a vessel desiring a pilot, in the United States the union jack, in Great Britain the British union jack with a white border.

PILOTISM; PILOTRY
Pi"lot*ism, Pi"lot*ry, n.

Defn: Pilotage; skill in the duties of a pilot. [R.]

PILOT LAMP; PILOT LIGHT
Pilot lamp or light . (Elec.)

Defn: A small incandescent telltale lamp on a dynamo or battery circuit to show approximately by its brightness the voltage of the current.

PILOT VALVE
Pilot valve. (Hydraulics)

Defn: A small hand-operated valve to admit liquid to operate a valve difficult to turn by hand.

PILOT WHEEL
Pilot wheel. (Mach.)

Defn: A wheel, usually with radial handles projecting from the rim, for traversing the saddle of a machine tool, esp. an automatic machine tool, by hand.

PILOUR
Pil"our, n.

Defn: A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.]

PILOUS
Pil"ous, a.

Defn: See Pilose.

PILPUL Pil"pul, n. [Aramaic pilpul; cf. Heb. pilpel to spice, to season, dispute violently.]

Defn: Among the Jews, penetrating investigation, disputation, and drawing of conclusions, esp. in Talmudic study. — Pil"pul*ist (#), n. —Pil`pul*is"tic (#), a.

PILSER
Pil"ser, n.

Defn: An insect that flies into a flame.

PILULAR
Pil"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or pills; as, a pilular mass.

PILULOUS
Pil"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.]

Defn: Like a pill; small; insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot.

PILWE
Pil"we, n.

Defn: A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

PILY
Pi"ly, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like pile or wool.

PIMARIC Pi*mar"ic, a. Etym: [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster, a pine which yields galipot.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.

PIMELIC Pi*mel"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids. (b) Designating the acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from camphoric acid.

PIMELITE
Pim"e*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An apple-green mineral having a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, and iron.

PIMENT
Pi"ment, n. Etym: [F. See Pimento.]

Defn: Wine flavored with spice or honey. See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]

PIMENTA
Pi*men"ta, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pimento.

PIMENTO Pi*men"to, n. Etym: [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F. piment; all fr. L. pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence, something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.] (Bot.)

Defn: Allspice; — applied both to the tree and its fruit. See
Allspice.

PIMIENTO
Pi*mien"to, n. [Sp.]

Defn: The Spanish sweet pepper, the fruit of which is used as a vegetable, to stuff olives, etc.

PIMLICO
Pim"li*co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The friar bird.

PIMOLA
Pim*o"la, n.

Defn: An olive stuffed with a kind of sweet red pepper, or pimiento.

PIMP Pimp, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper to pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. Pipe.]

Defn: One who provides gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander. Swift.

PIMP
Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pimped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.]

Defn: To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander. Dryden.

PIMPERNEL Pim"per*nel, n. Etym: [F. pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It. pimpinella; perh. from LL. bipinnella, for bipinnula two-winged, equiv. to L. bipennis; bis twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a feather.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species (A. arvensis) has small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white, which speedily close at the approach of bad weather. Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed.

PIMPILLO
Pim"pil*lo, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for the prickly pear (Opuntia); — called also pimploes.

PIMPINEL
Pim"pi*nel, n. Etym: [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The burnet saxifrage. See under Saxifrage.

PIMPING
Pimp"ing, a. Etym: [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.]

1. Little; petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe.

2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]

PIMPLE
Pim"ple, n. Etym: [AS. pipelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on to suppuration or not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose." Pope.

2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that portends a future sprout." Cowper.

PIMPLED
Pim"pled, a.

Defn: Having pimples. Johnson.

PIMPLY
Pim"ply, a.

Defn: Pimpled.

PIMPSHIP
Pimp"ship, n.

Defn: The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]

PIN
Pin, v. t. (Metal Working)

Defn: To peen.

PIN
Pin, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Pen to confine, or Pinfold.]

Defn: To inclose; to confine; to pen; to pound.

PIN
Pin, n. Etym: [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne,
Icel. pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle,
pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf.
Fin of a fish, Pen a feather.]

1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together, or as a support by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg; a bolt. With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast. Milton.

2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching papers, etc.

3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle. He . . . did not care a pin for her. Spectator.

4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as: (a) A peg in musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the strings. (b) A linchpin. (c) A rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin. (e) (Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle. (f) (Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.

5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark how much each man should drink.

6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.] "The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak.

7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper.

8. (Med.)

Defn: Caligo. See Caligo. Shak.

9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a pin; as, a Masonic pin.

10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang] Banking pin (Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its motion. — Pin drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or projection to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore. — Pin grass. (Bot.) See Alfilaria. — Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small aperture or perforation. — Pin lock, a lock having a cylindrical bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of tumblers. — Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made by a husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure. — Pin rail (Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin rack. — Pin wheel. (a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins. (b) (Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.

PIN
Pin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.] Etym: [See
Pin, n.]

Defn: To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a garment; to pin boards together. "Aa if she would pin her to her heart." Shak. To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.

PINACATE BUG
Pin`a*ca"te bug. [Orig. uncert.]

Defn: Any of several clumsy, wingless beetles of the genus Eleodes, found in the Pacific States.

PINA CLOTH; PINYA CLOTH
Pi"ña cloth`.

Defn: A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

PINACOID
Pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.

PINACOLIN
Pi*nac"o*lin, n. Etym: [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.]

PINACONE
Pin"a*cone, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also pinakone.]

PINACOTHECA
Pin`a*co*the"ca, n. Etym: [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr.

Defn: A picture gallery.

PINAFORE
Pin"a*fore`, n. Etym: [Pin + afore.]

Defn: An apron for a child to protect the front part of dress; a tier.

PINAKOTHEK
Pin"a*ko*thek`, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Pinacotheca.

PINASTER
Pi*nas"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pine (Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.

PINAX
Pi"nax, n.; pl. Pinaces. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A tablet; a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

PINCE-NEZ
Pince`-nez", n. Etym: [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.]

Defn: Eyeglasses kept on the nose by a spring.

PINCERS
Pin"cers, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch.
See Pinch, Pinchers.]

Defn: See Pinchers.

PINCH
Pinch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.] Etym:
[F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to
cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.]

1. To press hard or squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between any two hard bodies.

2. o seize; to grip; to bite; — said of animals. [Obs.] He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down. Chapman.

3. To plait. [Obs.] Full seemly her wimple ipinched was. Chaucer.

4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to distress; as, to be pinched for money. Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation. Sir W. Raleigh.

5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See Pinch, n., 4.

PINCH
Pinch, v. i.

1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; as, the shoe pinches."

2. (Hunt.)

Defn: To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]

3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.
The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare. Franklin.
To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

PINCH
Pinch, n.

1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or with an instrument; a nip.

2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.

3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.

4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, — used chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar. At a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a little Latin.

PINCHBECK
Pinch"beck, n. Etym: [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf.
It. prencisbecco.]

Defn: An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap jewelry.

PINCHBECK
Pinch"beck, a.

Defn: Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds.

PINCHCOCK
Pinch"cock`, n.

Defn: A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of a fluid through the pipe.

PINCHEM
Pin"chem, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

PINCHER
Pinch"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, pinches.

PINCHERS
Pinch"ers, n. pl. Etym: [From Pinch.]

Defn: An instrument having two handles and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; — used for griping things to be held fast, drawing nails, etc.

Note: This spelling is preferable to pincers, both on account of its derivation from the English pinch, and because it represents the common pronunciation.

PINCHFIST
Pinch"fist`, n.

Defn: A closefisted person; a miser.

PINCHING
Pinch"ing, a.

Defn: Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching cold; a pinching parsimony. Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4. — Pinching nut, a check nut. See under Check, n.

PINCHINGLY
Pinch"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pinching way.

PINCHPENNY
Pinch"pen`ny, n.

Defn: A miserly person.

PINCOFFIN
Pin"coff*in, n. Etym: [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.]

Defn: A commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.

PINCPINC
Pinc"pinc`, n. Etym: [Named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African wren warbler. (Drymoica textrix).

PINCUSHION
Pin"cush`ion, n.

Defn: A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for use.

PINDAL; PINDAR
Pin"dal, Pin"dar, n. Etym: [D. piendel.] (Bot.)

Defn: The peanut (Arachis hypogæa); — so called in the West Indies.

PINDARIC Pin*dar"ic, a. Etym: [L. Pindaricus, Gr. Pindarus) Pindar: cf. F. pindarique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. — n.

Defn: A Pindaric ode.

PINDARICAL
Pin*dar"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pindaric.
Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose. Cowley.

PINDARISM
Pin"dar*ism, n.

Defn: Imitation of Pindar.

PINDARIST
Pin"dar*ist, n.

Defn: One who imitates Pindar.

PINDER
Pin"der, n. Etym: [AS. pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.]

Defn: One who impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]

PINE
Pine, n. Etym: [AS. pin, L. poena penalty. See Pain.]

Defn: Woe; torment; pain. [Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer.

PINE Pine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pined; p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] Etym: [AS. pinan to torment, fr. pin torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.]

1. To inflict pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.
That people that pyned him to death. Piers Plowman.
One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. Bp. Hall.

2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.

PINE
Pine, v. i.

1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.]

2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or anexiety of mind; to droop; — often used with away. "The roses wither and the lilies pine." Tickell.

3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; — usually followed by for. For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. Shak.

Syn.
— To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.

PINE
Pine, n. Etym: [AS. pin, L. pinus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree of the coniferous genus Pinus. See Pinus.

Note: There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P. australis), the red pine (P. resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are among the most valuable. The Scotch pine or fir, also called Norway or Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only British species. The nut pine is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. See Pinon. The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera.

2. The wood of the pine tree.

3. A pineapple. Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. — Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a beautiful coniferous tree, the Araucaria excelsa. — Pine barren, a tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.] — Pine borer (Zoöl.), any beetle whose larvæ bore into pine trees. — Pine finch. (Zoöl.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. — Pine grosbeak (Zoöl.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), which inhabits the northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less tinged with red. — Pine lizard (Zoöl.), a small, very active, mottled gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle States; — called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. — Pine marten. (Zoöl.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called also sweet marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable. See Sable. — Pine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths of the genus Retinia, whose larvæ burrow in the ends of the branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. — Pine mouse (Zoöl.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum), native of the Middle States. It lives in pine forests. — Pine needle (Bot.), one of the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See Pinus. — Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). — Pine oil, an oil resembling turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making varnishes and colors. — Pine snake (Zoöl.), a large harmless North American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull snake. The Western pine snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and orange. — Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine. — Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree. — Pine weevil (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose larvæ bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both Europe and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes, Hylobius, etc. — Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and has many uses in the economic arts; — called also pine- needle wool, and pine-wood wool.

PINEAL Pi"ne*al, a. Etym: [L. pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of the pine, from pinus a pine: cf. F. pinéale.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pine cone; resembling a pine cone. Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike body in the roof of the third ventricle of the vertebrate brain; — called also pineal body, epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is supposed to be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.

PINEAPPLE
Pine"ap`ple, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, its fruit; — so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is unknown, though conjectured to be American.

PINEASTER
Pine`as"ter, n.

Defn: See Pinaster.

PINE-CLAD; PINE-CROWNED
Pine"-clad`, Pine"-crowned`, a.

Defn: Clad or crowned with pine trees; as, pine-clad hills.

PINEDROPS
Pine"drops`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.

PINEFINCH Pine"finch`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A small American bird (Spinus, or Chrysomitris, spinus); — called also pine siskin, and American siskin. (b) The pine grosbeak.

PINENCHYMA
Pi*nen"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -enchyma, as in parenchyma.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in which the cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.

PINERY
Pin"er*y, n.; pl. Pineries (.

1. A pine forest; a grove of pines.

2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.

PINESAP
Pine"sap`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa (M. hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine trees, but more probably saprophytic.

PINE-TREE STATE
Pine-tree State.

Defn: Maine; — a nickname alluding to the pine tree in its coat of arms.

PINETUM
Pi*ne"tum, n. Etym: [L., a pine grove.]

Defn: A plantation of pine trees; esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or scientific purposes.

PINEWEED
Pine"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (Hypericum Sarothra), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United States.

PINEY
Pin"ey, a.

Defn: See Piny.

PINEY
Pin"ey, a. Etym: [Of East Indian origin.]

Defn: A term used in designating an East Indian tree (the Vateria Indica or piney tree, of the order Dipterocarpeæ, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products. Piney dammar, Piney resin, Piney varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a substitute for incense and for amber. Called also liquid copal, and white dammar. — Piney tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called also dupada oil. — Piney thistle (Bot.), a plant (Atractylis gummifera), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance exudes.

PIN-EYED
Pin"-eyed`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the stigma visible at the throad of a gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; — said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of Ant: thrum-eyed.

PINFEATHER
Pin"feath`er, n.

Defn: A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary feather just emerging through the skin.

PINFEATHERED
Pin"feath`ered, a.

Defn: Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly developed.

PIN-FIRE
Pin"-fire`, a. (Mil.)

Defn: Having a firing pin to explode the cartridge; as, a pin-fire rifle.

PINFISH Pin"fish`, n. Etym: [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.] (Zoöl.) (a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides). (b) The salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki).

Note: Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the United States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to other allied species.

PINFOLD Pin"fold`, n. Etym: [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure, and Fold an inclosure.]

Defn: A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals are confined; a pound; a penfold. Shak. A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge. Sir W. Scott.

PING
Ping, n. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: The sound made by a bullet in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.

PING
Ping, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pinged; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.]

Defn: To make the sound called ping.

PINGLE
Pin"gle, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. pin to impound.]

Defn: A small piece of inclosed ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

PING-PONG
Ping"-pong`, n. [Imitative.]

1. An indoor modification of lawn tennis played with small bats, or battledores, and a very light, hollow, celluloid ball, on a large table divided across the middle by a net.

2. A size of photograph a little larger than a postage stamp.

PING-PONG
Ping"-pong`, v. i.

Defn: To play ping-pong.

PINGSTER
Ping"ster, n.

Defn: See Pinkster.

PINGUEFACTION Pin`gue*fac"tion, n. [L. pinguefacere, pinguefactum, to fatten; pinguis fat + facere to make.] (Med.)

Defn: A making of, or turning into, fat.

PINGUICULA Pin*guic"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Butterwort.

PINGUID
Pin"guid, a. Etym: [L. pinguis fat.]

Defn: Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some clays are more pinguid."
Mortimer.

PINGUIDINOUS
Pin*guid"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.]

Defn: Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]

PINGUITUDE
Pin"gui*tude, n. Etym: [L. pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.]

Defn: Fatness; a growing fat; obesity. [R.]

PINHOLD
Pin"hold`, n.

Defn: A place where a pin is fixed.

PINIC
Pi"nic ( a. Etym: [L. pinus pine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pine; obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the chief constituent of common resin, - - now called abietic, or sylvic, acid.

PINING
Pin"ing, a.

1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with longing.

2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak.

PININGLY
Pin"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe.

PINION
Pin"ion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L. antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.

PINION Pin"ion, n. Etym: [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp. piñon pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a peg, and cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.]

1. A feather; a quill. Shak.

2. A wing, literal or figurative. Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. Pope.

3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson.

4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which is its axis. Lantern pinion. See under Lantern. — Pinion wire, wire fluted longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the leaves or teeth of the pinions.

PINION
Pin"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinioning.]

1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the wings. Bacon.

2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson.

3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by binding the arms to the body. Shak. Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. Cowper.

4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by formal rules of state." Norris.

PINIONED
Pin"ioned, a.

Defn: Having wings or pinions.

PINIONIST
Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any winged creature.

PINITE
Pin"ite, n. Etym: [So called from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is derived from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.

PINITE
Pi"nite, n. Etym: [L. pinus the pine tree.]

1. (Paleon.) Any fossil wood which exhibits traces of having belonged to the Pine family.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum of a species of pine (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and resembles, quercite.

PINK
Pink, n. Etym: [D. pink.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel with a very narrow stern; — called also pinky. Sir W.
Scott. Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.

PINK Pink, v. i. Etym: [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.]

Defn: To wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

PINK
Pink, a.

Defn: Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.

PINK
Pink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] Etym:
[OE. pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.]

1. To pierce with small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops or angles.

2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison.

3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.

PINK
Pink, n.

Defn: A stab. Grose.

PINK Pink, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to pick; as if the edges of the petals were picked out. Cf. Pink, v. t.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants of the caryophyllaceous genus Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and handsome five- petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.

2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more or less white; — so called from the common color of the flower. Dryden.

3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European minnow; — so called from the color of its abdomen
in summer. [Prov. Eng.] Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus.
— China, or Indian, pink. See under China.
— Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which
carnations are derived.
— Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye.
— Meadow pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged
robin.
— Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides.
— Moss pink. See under Moss.
— Pink needle, the pin grass; — so called from the long, tapering
points of the carpels. See Alfilaria.
— Sea pink. See Thrift.

PINK
Pink, a.

Defn: Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink (see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. Pink eye (Med.), a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball. — Pink salt (Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal. — Pink saucer, a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a pink pigment.

PINKED
Pinked, a.

Defn: Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped on the edge. Shak.

PINK-EYED
Pink"-eyed`, a. Etym: [Pink half-shut + eye.]

Defn: Having small eyes. Holland.

PINKING
Pink"ing, n.

1. The act of piercing or stabbing.

2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking iron. Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons, flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.]

PINKISH
Pink"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat pink.

PINKNESS
Pink"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being pink.

PINKROOT
Pink"root`, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The root of Spigelia Marilandica, used as a powerful vermifuge; also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 (below).

2. (Bot.) (a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica), sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina pink, Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass. (b) An annual South American and West Indian plant (Spigelia Anthelmia).

PINKSTER
Pink"ster, n. Etym: [D. pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. Pentecost.]

Defn: Whitsuntide. [Written also pingster and pinxter.] Pinkster flower (Bot.), the rosy flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also, the shrub itself; — called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York descendants of the Dutch settlers.

PINK STERN
Pink" stern`. Etym: [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.)

Defn: See Chebacco, and 1st Pink.

PINK-STERNED
Pink"-sterned`, a. Etym: [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.)

Defn: Having a very narrow stern; — said of a vessel.

PINKY
Pink"y, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Pink.

PINNA
Pin"na, n.; pl. Pinnæ, E. Pinnas. Etym: [L., a feather.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate. (b) One of the primary divisions of a decompound leaf.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.

3. Etym: [L. pinna, akin to Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pinna, a genus of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists of a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The auricle of the ear. See Ear.

PINNACE
Pin"nace, n. Etym: [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza;
all from L. pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship.
Cf. Pine a tree.]

1. (Naut.) (a) A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, formerly employed as a tender, or for coast defence; — called originally, spynace or spyne. (b) A man-of-war's boat. Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs. Shak.

2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

PINNACLE Pin"na*cle, n. Etym: [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr. pinna pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An architectural member, upright, and generally ending in a small spire, — used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire, and the like. Pinnacles may be considered primarily as added weight, where it is necessary to resist the thrust of an arch, etc. Some renowned metropolis With glistering spires and pinnacles around. Milton.

2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.
Three silent pinnacles of aged snow. Tennyson.
The slippery tops of human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate.
Cowley.

PINNACLE
Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinnacled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinnacling.]

Defn: To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T. Warton.

PINNAGE
Pin"nage, n. Etym: [Cf. Pinfold.]

Defn: Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.]

PINNATE; PINNATED Pin"nate, Pin"na*ted, a. Etym: [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna a feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of several leaflets, or separate portions, arranged on each side of a common petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See Abruptly pinnate, and Illust., under Abruptly.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the neck. Pinnated grouse (Zoöl.), the prairie chicken.

PINNATELY
Pin"nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pinnate manner.

PINNATIFID Pin*nat"i*fid, a. Etym: [L. pinnatus feathered + root of findere to split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Divided in a pinnate manner, with the divisions not reaching to the midrib.

PINNATILOBATE
Pin*nat`i*lo"bate, a. Etym: [See Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.

PINNATIPED
Pin*nat"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf.
F. pinnatipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the toes bordered by membranes; fin-footed, as certain birds.

PINNATIPED
Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird which has the toes bordered by membranes.

PINNER
Pin"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with pins.

2. (Costume) (a) A headdress like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An apron with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.] With kerchief starched, and pinners clean. Gay.

3. A pin maker.

PINNER
Pin"ner, n. Etym: [See Pin to pound.]

Defn: One who pins or impounds cattle. See Pin, v. t. [Obs.]

PINNET
Pin"net, n.

Defn: A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

PINNIFORM
Pin"ni*form, a. Etym: [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a fin or feather. Sir J. Hill.

PINNIGRADA Pin`ni*gra"da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to walk, move.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pinnipedia.

PINNIGRADE
Pin"ni*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of the seal tribe, moving by short feet that serve as paddles.

PINNIPED Pin"ni*ped, n. Etym: [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. pinnipède.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal. (b) One of the Pinnipedes.

PINNIPEDES
Pin*nip"e*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Steganopodes.

PINNIPEDIA Pin`ni*pe"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. So called because their webbed feet are used as paddles or fins.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of aquatic carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; — opposed to Fissipedia.

PINNOCK Pin"nock, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.) (a) The hedge sparrow. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tomtit.

PINNOTHERE
Pin"no*there, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crab of the genus pinnotheres. See Oyster crab, under Oyster.

PINNULA
Pin"nu*la, n.; pl. Pinnulæ. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Pinnule.

PINNULATE
Pin"nu*late, a. Etym: [See Pinnule.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having each pinna subdivided; — said of a leaf, or of its pinnæ.

PINNULATED
Pin"nu*la`ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having pinnules.

PINNULE Pin"nule, n. Etym: [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F. pinnule.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See
Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a pinnule of a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.

PINNYWINKLES
Pin"ny*win`kles, n. pl.

Defn: An instrument of torture, consisting of a board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with pegs. [Written also pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

PINOCLE
Pin"o*cle, n.

Defn: See Penuchle.

PINOLE
Pi*nole", n.

1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture of chocolate.

2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, it makes a nutritious beverage.

PINON; PINYON Piñ"on, n. Etym: [Sp. piñon.] (Bot.) (a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]

PINPATCH
Pin"patch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common English periwinkle. [Prov. Eng.]

PINT Pint, n. Etym: [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint, fr. pintar to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a larger measure. See Paint.]

Defn: A measure of capacity, equal to half a quart, or four gills, — used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.

PINT
Pint, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]

PINTADO Pin*ta"do, n.; pl. Pintados. Etym: [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to paint.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are found in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea fowl, under Guinea.

PINTAIL
Pin"tail`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A northern duck (Dafila acuta), native of both continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also gray duck, piketail, piket-tail, spike-tail, split-tail, springtail, sea pheasant, and gray widgeon.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky Mountains (Pediocætes phasianellus); — called also pintailed grouse, pintailed chicken, springtail, and sharptail.

PIN-TAILED
Pin"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a tapered tail, with the middle feathers longest; — said of birds.

PINTLE
Pin"tle, n. Etym: [A diminutive of Pin.]

1. A little pin.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: An upright pivot pin; as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge. (b) A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns. (c) A pivot about which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages. (d) A kingbolt of a wagon.

PINTO
Pin"to, a. [Sp., painted.]

Defn: Lit., painted; hence, piebald; mottled; pied.

PINTO
Pin"to, n.

Defn: Any pied animal; esp., a pied or "painted" horse.

PINTOS
Pin"tos, n. pl.; sing. Pinto (. Etym: [Sp., painted, mottled.]
(Eyhnol.)

Defn: A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly spotted with white. Called also speckled Indians.

PINTSCH GAS
Pintsch gas. [After Richard Pintsch, German inventor.]

Defn: A kind of oil gas extensively used for lighting railroad cars, which carry it in compressed form.

PINULE
Pin"ule, n. Etym: [Cf. Pinnule.] (Astron.)

Defn: One of the sights of an astrolabe. [Obs.]

PINUS
Pi"nus, n. Etym: [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of evergreen coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (pine needles) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See Pine.

PINWEED
Pin"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves and flowers.

PINWORM
Pin"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus vermicularis), which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in children and aged persons.

PINXIT
Pinx"it. Etym: [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.]

Defn: A word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted (this).

PINXTER
Pinx"ter, n.

Defn: See Pinkster.

PINY
Pin"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny wood."
Longfellow.

PION Piñ"on, n. [Sp. piñon.] (Bot.) (a) The edible seed of several species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle. [Written also pignon.]

PIONED
Pi"o*ned, a.

Defn: A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., "abounding in
marsh marigolds."
Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. Shak.

PIONEER Pi`o*neer", n. Etym: [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances.

2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform.

PIONEER
Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pioneering.]

Defn: To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as pioneer.

PIONEERS' DAY
Pi`o*neers'" Day.

Defn: In Utah, a legal holiday, July 24, commemorated the arrival, in 1847, of Brigham Young and his followers at the present site of Salt Lake City.

PIONER
Pi`o*ner", n.

Defn: A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak.

PIONY
Pi"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Peony.

PIOT
Pi"ot, n. Etym: [See Piet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Holland.

PIOUS
Pi"ous, a. Etym: [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.]

1. Of or pertaining to piety; exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly. "Pious hearts." Milton. "Pious poetry." Johnson. Where was the martial brother's pious care Pope.

2. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety; as, pious errors; pious frauds.

Syn.
— Godly; devout; religious; righteous.

PIOUSLY
Pi"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pious manner.

PIP
Pip, n. Etym: [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. pépie; from LL. pipita, fr.
L. pituita slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.]

Defn: A contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth, forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is restricted to this last symptom, the disease being called roup by them.

PIP
Pip, n. Etym: [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A seed, as of an apple or orange.

PIP
Pip, n. Etym: [Perh. for pick, F. pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf.
Pique.]

Defn: One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes, etc. Addison.

PIP
Pip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] Etym: [See
Peep.]

Defn: To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.
To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg. Boyle.

PIPA
Pi*pa, n.; pl. Pipas (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Surinam toad (Pipa Americana), noted for its peculiar breeding habits.

Note: The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they soon become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the skin. The incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the young, when hatched, come forth with well developed legs.

PIPAGE
Pip"age, n.

Defn: Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.

PIPAL TREE
Pi"pal tree`.

Defn: Same as Peepul tree.

PIPE Pipe, n. Etym: [AS. pipe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp; of imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.]

1. A wind instrument of music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal; any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a shepherd's pipe; the pipe of an organ. "Tunable as sylvan pipe." Milton. Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. Shak.

2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.

3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, — used in smoking tobacco, and, sometimes, other substances.

4. A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe, or one of its divisions.

5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak.

6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird. The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds. Tennyson.

7. pl.

Defn: The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow.

8. (Mining)

Defn: An elongated body or vein of ore.

9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the Great Roll, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the king; — so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their duties; also, the sound of it.

11. Etym: [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to chirp. See Etymol. above.]

Defn: A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or 126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains. Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an engine or a building. — Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as accessory to a pipe. — Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc. [Eng.] — Pipe tree (Bot.), the lilac and the mock orange; — so called because their were formerly used to make pipe stems; — called also pipe privet. — Pipe wrench, or Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding it. — To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in token of amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, — a custom of the American Indians.

PIPE
Pipe, v. i.

1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind instrument of music. We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced. Matt. xi. 17.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe or whistle carried by a boatswain.

3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle. "Oft in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth.

4. (Metal.)

Defn: To become hollow in the process of solodifying; — said of an ingot, as of steel.

PIPE
Pipe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped; p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.]

1. To perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter in the shrill tone of a pipe. A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes. W. Irving.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.
As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft. Marryat.

3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a building.

PIPE CLAY
Pipe" clay` (

Defn: A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, — used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.

PIPECLAY
Pipe"clay`, v. t.

1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's accouterments.

2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]

PIPED
Piped, a.

Defn: Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.

PIPEFISH
Pipe"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lophobranch fish of the genus Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in which the incubation of the eggs takes place.

PIPELAYER; PIPE LAYER
Pipe"lay`er, n., or Pipe" lay`er.

1. One who lays conducting pipes in the ground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant)

Defn: A politician who works in secret; — in this sense, usually written as one word. [U.S.]

PIPELAYING; PIPE LAYING
Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing.

1. The laying of conducting pipes underground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant)

Defn: The act or method of making combinations for personal advantage secretly or slyly; — in this sense, usually written as one word. [U.S.]

PIPE LINE
Pipe line.

Defn: A line of pipe with pumping machinery and apparatus for conveying liquids, esp. petroleum, between distant points.

PIPE-LINE
Pipe"-line`, v. t.

Defn: To convey by a pipe line; to furnish with a pipe line or pipe lines.

PIPEMOUTH
Pipe"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fish of the genus Fistularia; — called also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia.

PIPER
Pi"per, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Pepper.

PIPER
Pip"er, n.

1. (Mus.)

Defn: One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on a bagpipe. "The hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long spines, native of both the American and European coasts. To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.

PIPERACEOUS
Pip`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the order of plants (Piperaceæ) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum) is the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.

PIPERAZINE; PIPERAZIN
Pi*per"a*zine, n. Also -zin . [Piperidine + azote + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline substance, (C2H4NH)2, formed by action of ammonia on ethylene bromide, by reduction of pyrazine, etc. It is a strong base, and is used as a remedy for gout.

PIPERIC
Pi*per"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline substance.

PIPERIDGE
Pip"er*idge, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Pepperidge.

PIPERIDINE
Pi*per"i*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having a hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is obtained by the decomposition of piperine.

PIPERINE
Pip"er*ine, n. Etym: [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.

PIPERONAL
Pip`er*o"nal, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.

PIPERYLENE
Pi*per"y*lene, n. Etym: [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.

PIPESTEM
Pipe"stem`, n.

Defn: The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking tobacco,
etc.
Took a long reed for a pipestem. Longfellow.

PIPESTONE
Pipe"stone`, n.

Defn: A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into tobacco pipes.
Cf. Catlinite.

PIPETTE
Pi*pette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of pipe.]

Defn: A small glass tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, — used for transferring or delivering measured quantities.

PIPEVINE
Pipe"vine`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.

PIPEWOOD
Pipe"wood`, n.

Defn: An ericaceous shrub (Leucothoë acuminata) of the southern
United States, from the wood of which pipe bowls are made.

PIPEWORT
Pipe"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.

PIPING
Pip"ing, a. Etym: [From Pipe, v.]

1. Playing on a musical pipe. "Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift.

2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.

3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.

4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; — from the sound of boiling fluids. Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller (Zoöl.), any Australian bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is black and white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck. — Piping frog (Zoöl.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii) which utters a high, shrill note in early spring. — Piping hot, boiling hot; hissing hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.

PIPING
Pip"ing, n.

1. A small cord covered with cloth, — used as trimming for women's dresses.

2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.

3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.

4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation by cuttings.

PIPISTREL; PIPISTRELLE Pi*pis"trel, Pip`i*strelle", n. Etym: [F. pipistrelle, It. pipistrello.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus); — called also flittermouse.

PIPIT
Pip"it, n. Etym: [So named from its call note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied genera, of the family Motacillidæ. They strongly resemble the true larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks.

Note: The meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree lark (A. trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A. obscurus) are well-known European species. The common American pipit, or brown lark, is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species (A. Spraguei) is called the American skylark, on account of its musical powers.

PIPKIN
Pip"kin, n.Etym: [Dim. of Pipe.]

Defn: A small earthen boiler.

PIPPIN Pip"pin, n. Etym: [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a) An apple from a tree raised from the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples of several different kinds, as Newtown pippin, summer pippin, fall pippin, golden pippin. We will eat a last year's pippin. Shak. Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use.

PIPPUL TREE
Pip"pul tree`.

Defn: Same as Peepul tree.

PIPRA
Pi"pra, n.; pl. Pipras. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds belonging to Pipra and allied genera, of the family Pipridæ. The male is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They chiefly inhabit South America.

PIPRINE
Pi"prine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family Pipridæ.

PIPSISSEWA
Pip*sis"se*wa, n. Etym: [From American Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A low evergreen plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves, and an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in nephritic diseases. Called also prince's pine.

PIPY
Pip"y, a.

Defn: Like a pipe; hollow-stemmed. Keats.

PIQUANCY
Pi"quan*cy, n. Etym: [See Piquant.]

Defn: The quality or state of being piquant.

PIQUANT
Pi"quant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.]

Defn: Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a piquant anecdote. "As piquant to the tongue as salt." Addison. "Piquant railleries." Gov. of Tongue.

PIQUANTLY
Pi"quant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a piquant manner.

PIQUE
Pi`qué", n. Etym: [F., p.p. of piquer to prick.]

Defn: A cotton fabric, figured in the loom, — used as a dress goods for women and children, and for vestings, etc.

PIQUE
Pique, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jigger. See Jigger.

PIQUE
Pique, n. Etym: [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.]

1. A feeling of hurt, vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury; irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging vexation. Men take up piques and displeasures. Dr. H. More. Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. De Quincey.

2. Keenly felt desire; a longing. Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the wrong. Hudibras.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one.

Syn. — Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge. Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others.

PIQUE
Pique, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued; p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing.] Etym:
[F. piquer. See Pike.]

1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger. Pique her, and soothe in turn. Byron.

2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate; to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior.

3. To pride or value; — used reflexively. Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. Locke.

Syn. — To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting; goad; stimulate.

PIQUE
Pique, v. i.

Defn: To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every piques." Tatler.

PIQUEER
Pi*queer", v. i.

Defn: See Pickeer. [R.]

PIQUEERER
Pi*queer"er, n.

Defn: See Pickeerer. [R.]

PIQUET
Piqu"et, n.

Defn: See Picket. [R.]

PIQUET
Pi*quet", n. Etym: [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and
Picket.]

Defn: A game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written also picket and picquet.]

PIRACY
Pi"ra*cy, n.; pl. Piracies. Etym: [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. Pirate.]

1. The act or crime of a pirate.

2. (Common Law)

Defn: Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and with intent to steal; — a crime answering to robbery on land.

Note: By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made piracy.

3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi-figurative sense, of violation of copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable term." Abbott.

PIRAGUA
Pi*ra"gua, n.

Defn: See Pirogue.

PIRAI
Pi*rai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Piraya.

PIRAMETER
Pi*ram"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A dynamometer for ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over roads.

PIRARUCU
Pi`ra*ru"cu, n. Etym: [From the native South American name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Arapaima.

PIRATE
Pi"rate, n. Etym: [L. pirata, Gr. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.]

1. A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor.

2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.

3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an author without permission. Pirate perch (Zoöl.), a fresh-water percoid fish of the United States (Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots.

PIRATE
Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated; p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.]
Etym: [Cf. F. pirater.]

Defn: To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas.

PIRATE
Pi"rate, v. t.

Defn: To publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the
author.
They advertised they would pirate his edition. Pope.

PIRATIC
Pi*rat"ic, a.

Defn: Piratical.

PIRATICAL
Pi*rat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. piraticus, Gr. piratique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a piratical undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope. — Pi*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.

PIRAYA
Pi*ra"ya, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large voracious fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South
America, having lancet-shaped teeth.

PIRIE
Pir"ie, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Pirry.

PIRIE
Pir"ie, n. Etym: [See Pear.] (Bot.)

Defn: A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

PIRIRIGUA
Pi`ri*ri"gua, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos.

PIRL
Pirl, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Purl.]

1. To spin, as a top.

2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.

PIRN
Pirn, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A quill or reed on which thread or yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle; also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.]

PIROGUE Pi*rogue", n. Etym: [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue, Sp. piroga, piragua.]

Defn: A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat. [Written variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.]

PIROUETTE
Pir`ou*ette", n. Etym: [F.; of uncertain origin.]

1. A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing.

2. (Man.)

Defn: The whirling about of a horse.

PIROUETTE
Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirouetted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pirouetting.] Etym: [F. pirouetter.]

Defn: To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a dancer.

PIRRY; PIRRIE Pir"ry, Pir"rie, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.]

Defn: A rough gale of wind. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

PISASPHALTUM
Pis`as*phal"tum, n.

Defn: See Pissasphalt.

PISAY
Pi"say, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Pisé.

PISCARY Pis"ca*ry, n. Etym: [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr. piscis a fish.] (Law)

Defn: The right or privilege of fishing in another man's waters.
Blackstone.

PISCATION
Pis*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.]

Defn: Fishing; fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PISCATOR
Pis*ca"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A fisherman; an angler.

PISCATORIAL; PISCATORY Pis`ca*to"ri*al, Pis"ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. piscatorius, fr. piscator a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish the animal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.

PISCES
Pis"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L. piscis a fish.]

1. (Astron.) (a) The twelfth sign of the zodiac, marked pisces in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial point; the Fish.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.

PISCICAPTURE
Pis"ci*cap`ture, n.

Defn: Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H. Russell.

PISCICULTURAL
Pis`ci*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Relating to pisciculture.

PISCICULTURE
Pis`ci*cul"ture, n. Etym: [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.]

Defn: Fish culture. See under Fish.

PISCICULTURIST
Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who breeds fish.

PISCIFORM
Pis"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. piscis fish + -form.]

Defn: Having the form of a fish; resembling a fish.

PISCINA
Pis*ci"na, n. Etym: [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin for rinsing altar vessels.

PISCINAL
Pis"ci*nal, a. Etym: [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.]

Defn: Belonging to a fishpond or a piscina.

PISCINE
Pis"cine, a. Etym: [L. piscis a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a fish or fishes; as, piscine remains.

PISCIVOROUS Pis*civ"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F. piscivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding or subsisting on fish.

PISE
Pi`sé", n. Etym: [F. pisé, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; — called also pisé work. Gwilt.

PISH
Pish, interj.

Defn: An exclamation of contempt.

PISH
Pish, v. i.

Defn: To express contempt. Pope.

PISHU
Pi"shu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.]

PISIFORM
Pi"si*form, a. Etym: [L. pisum a pea + -form: cf. F. pisiforme.]

Defn: Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore.

PISIFORM
Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in man and many mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.

PISMIRE Pis"mire, n. Etym: [Piss + mire; so called because it discharges a moisture vulgarly considered urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An ant, or emmet.

PISOLITE
Pi"so*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated globular concretions about the size of a pea; — called also peastone, peagrit.

Note: Oölite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as small as the roe of a fish.

PISOLITIC
Pi`so*lit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. pisolithique.] (Min.)

Defn: Composed of, containing, or resembling, pisolite.

PISOPHALT
Pis"o*phalt, n. Etym: [For pissasphalt.] (Min.)

Defn: Pissasphalt. [Obs.]

PISS
Piss, v. t. & i. Etym: [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare,
D. & G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.]

Defn: To discharge urine, to urinate. Shak.

PISS
Piss, n.

Defn: Urine.

PISSABED
Piss"a*bed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name locally applied to various wild plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.

PISSASPHALT
Pis"sas*phalt, n. Etym: [L. pissasphaltus, Gr. pissasphalte.] (Min.)

Defn: Earth pitch; a soft, black bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a strong smell. It is inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum and asphalt. [Written also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]

PIST
Pist, n.

Defn: (man.) See Piste.

PISTACHE
Pis*tache", n. [OE. pistace, fr. F. pistache. See Pistachio.] (Bot.)

Defn: The anacardiaceous tree Pistacia vera, which yields the pistachio nut; also, the nut itself and the flavoring extract prepared from it.

PISTACHIO Pis*ta"chio, n. Etym: [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F. pistache), fr. L. pistacium, Gr. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of the Pistacia vera, a tree of the order Anacardiaceæ, containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable taste and odor; — called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily. [Written also pistachia.]

PISTACHIO GREEN
Pistachio green.

Defn: A light yellowish green color resembling that of the pistachio nut.

PISTACIA
Pis*ta"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.)

Defn: The name of a genus of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the Mediterranean mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus), and the species (P. Terebinthus) which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.

PISTACITE Pis"ta*cite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green color. See Pistachio.] (Min.)

Defn: Epidote.

PISTAREEN
Pis`ta*reen", n.

Defn: An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about twenty cents.

PISTAZITE
Pis"ta*zite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Pistacite.

PISTE
Piste, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.]
(Min.)

Defn: The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over. Johnson.

PISTEL; PISTIL
Pis"tel, Pis"til, n.

Defn: An epistle. [Obs.]

PISTIC
Pis"tic, a. Etym: [L. pisticus, Gr.

Defn: Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

PISTIL
Pis"til, n. Etym: [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil.
See Pestle.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a style. When composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it is compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary.

PISTILLACEOUS
Pis`til*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on, or having nature of, the pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil. Barton.

PISTILLATE
Pis"til*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a pistil or pistils; — usually said of flowers having pistils but no stamens.

PISTILLATION
Pis`til*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. pistillum a pestle.]

Defn: The act of pounding or breaking in a mortar; pestillation.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

PISTILLIDIUM
Pis`til*lid"i*um, n.; pl. Pistillida. Etym: [NL., fr. E. pistil.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Archegonium.

PISTILLIFEROUS
Pis`til*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillifère.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Pistillate.

PISTILLODY
Pis"til*lo*dy, n. Etym: [Pistil + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The metamorphosis of other organs into pistils.

PISTOL Pis"tol, n. Etym: [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a form Pistola, for Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first made. Cf. Pistole.]

Defn: The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one hand, — now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names. See Illust. of Revolver. Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but- piece, and thus capable of being used either as a pistol or a carbine. — Pistol pipe (Metal.), a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling a pistol in form. — Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a pistol. (b) The distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.

PISTOL
Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.]
Etym: [Cf. F. pistoler.]

Defn: To shoot with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher." Sydney Smith.

PISTOLADE
Pis"to*lade`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pistol shot.

PISTOLE
Pis*tole", n. Etym: [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a
Spanish coin. Cf. Pistol.]

Defn: The name of certain gold coins of various values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about $5.40.

PISTOLEER
Pis`to*leer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. pistolier.]

Defn: One who uses a pistol. [R.] Carlyle.

PISTOLET
Pis"to*let`, n. Etym: [F., a dim. of pistole.]

Defn: A small pistol. Donne. Beau. & Fl.

PISTON
Pis"ton, n. Etym: [F. piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a
large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See
Pestle, Pistil.] (Mach.)

Defn: A sliding piece which either is moved by, or moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam, and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes. Piston head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to the piston rod. — Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by which it communicates motion. — Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by the valve.

PISTON RING
Pis"ton ring. (Mach.)

Defn: A spring packing ring, or any of several such rings, for a piston.

PIT Pit, n. Etym: [OE. pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well, pit.]

1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation; specifically: (a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone pit; a gravel pit; or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime pit; a charcoal pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit. Tumble me into some loathsome pit. Shak.

2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades. Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. Milton. He keepth back his soul from the pit. Job xxxiii. 18.

3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a trap; a snare. Also used figuratively. The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. Lam. iv. 20.

4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a) The hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b) See Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a pustule, as in smallpox.

5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.

6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As fiercely as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke.

7. Etym: [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe, and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct. Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, — used in winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed. — Pit coal, coal dug from the earth; mineral coal. — Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of a coal mine. — Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a pit or mine. — Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal. — Pit martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] — Pit of the stomach (Anat.), the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression. — Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a pit, whence the name. — Pit viper (Zoöl.), any viperine snake having a deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are examples. — Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the ore is hoisted and the workmen carried; — in distinction from a shaft used for the pumps.

PIT
Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.]

1. To place or put into a pit or hole. They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into the grave. T. Grander.

2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face pitted by smallpox.

3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest; as, to pit one dog against another.

PITA Pi"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A fiber obtained from the Agave Americana and other related species, — used for making cordage and paper. Called also pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which yields the fiber.

PITAHAYA
Pit`a*ha"ya, n. Etym: [Sp., prob. from the native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which yields a delicious fruit.

PITAPAT Pit"a*pat`, adv. Etym: [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light, quick blow.]

Defn: In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of beats.
Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange.

PITAPAT
Pit"a*pat`, n.

Defn: A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain. "The pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden.

PITCH
Pitch, n. Etym: [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr.

1. A thick, black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them. He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. Ecclus. xiii. 1.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: See Pitchstone. Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis.
See Kauri.
— Burgundy pitch. See under Burgundy.
— Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of the hemlock tree (Abies
Canadensis); hemlock gum.
— Jew's pitch, bitumen.
— Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt.
— Pitch coal (Min.), bituminous coal.
— Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous peat, with a waxy luster.
— Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several species of pine, yielding
pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North America.

PITCH
Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.] Etym:
[See Pitch, n.]

1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14.

2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure. The welkin pitched with sullen could. Addison.

PITCH
Pitch, v. t. Etym: [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.]

1. To throw, generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.

2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a tent; to pitch a camp.

3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an embankment or a roadway. Knight.

4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.

5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak. Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces have fixed positions; — in distinction from a skirmish. — To pitch into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]

PITCH
Pitch, v. i.

1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp. "Laban with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen. xxxi. 25.

2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight. The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. Mortimer.

3. To fix one's choise; — with on or upon. Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the more easy. Tillotson.

4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as, to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the field pitches toward the east. Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or payment on delivery of goods. Shak.

PITCH
Pitch, n.

1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; as, a good pitch in quoits. Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads or tails;" hence: To play pitch and toss with (anything), to be careless or trust to luck about it. "To play pitch and toss with the property of the country." G. Eliot. — Pitch farthing. See Chuck farthing, under 5th Chuck.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or lights when bowled.

3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or
depression; hence, a limit or bound.
Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep.
Milton.
Enterprises of great pitch and moment. Shak.
To lowest pitch of abject fortune. Milton.
He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. Addison.
The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. Sharp.

4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.

5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a scale of high and low.

Note: Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after the first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative pitch, in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new scale an octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower.

8. (Mining)

Defn: The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of the ore taken out.

9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; — called also circular pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet holes in boiler plates. Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in concerts, etc. — Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. — Pitch chain, a chain, as one made of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. — Pitch line, or Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed gear or rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of teeth is measured. — Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span, especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30°, of 45°, etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle. — Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. — Pitch pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a tune. — Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.

PITCH-BLACK
Pitch"-black`, a.

Defn: Black as pitch or tar.

PITCHBLENDE
Pitch"blende`, n. Etym: [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.)

Defn: A pitch-black mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See Uraninite.

PITCH-DARK
Pitch"-dark`, a.

Defn: Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.

PITCHER
Pitch"er, n.

1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, etc.; specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the batsman.

2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.

PITCHER Pitch"er, n. Etym: [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehhari; prob. of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.]

1. A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of certain plants. American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. — Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers, longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid shaped like a cockleshell. — California pitcher plant, the Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. — Pitcher plant, any plant with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.

PITCHERFUL
Pitch"er*ful, n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (.

Defn: The quantity a pitcher will hold.

PITCH-FACED
Pitch"-faced`, a. (Stone Cutting)

Defn: Having the arris defined by a line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true edges; — said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.

PITCHFORK
Pitch"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, sheaves of grain, or the like.

PITCHFORK
Pitch"fork`, v. t.

Defn: To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.
He has been pitchforked into the footguards. G. A. Sala.

PITCHINESS
Pitch"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Pitchy.]

Defn: Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.

PITCHING
Pitch"ing, n.

1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, wild pitching in baseball.

2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone. Mayhew.

3. (Hydraul. Eng.)

Defn: A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear by tides or currents. Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the sloping parts are supported.

PITCH-ORE
Pitch"-ore`, n. (Min.)

Defn: Pitchblende.

PITCHSTONE
Pitch"stone`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, having a luster like pitch.

PITCHWORK
Pitch"work`, n.

Defn: The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of his product.

PITCHY
Pitch"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Pitch.]

1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch.

2. Smeared with pitch.

3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.

PITEOUS
Pit"e*ous, a. Etym: [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.]

1. Pious; devout. [Obs.] The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation. Wyclif.

2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender. "[She] piteous of his case." Pope. She was so charitable and so pitous. Chaucer.

3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable; sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser. The most piteous tale of Lear. Shak.

4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton.

Syn.
— Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad;
wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate.
— Pit"e*ous*ly, adv.
— Pit"e*ous*ness, n.

PITFALL
Pit"fall`, n.

Defn: A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or men; a trap of any kind. Sir T. North.

PITFALLING
Pit"fall`ing, a.

Defn: Entrapping; insnaring. [R.] "Full of . . . contradiction and pitfalling dispenses." Milton.

PITH
Pith, n. Etym: [AS. pi; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf.
Pit a kernel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.

2. (a) (Zoöl.) The spongy interior substance of a feather. (b) (Anat.) The spinal cord; the marrow.

3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, the speech lacked pith. Enterprises of great pith and moment. Shak. Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice.

PITH
Pith, v. t. (Physiol.)

Defn: To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.

PITHECANTHROPUS
Pith`e*can*thro"pus, n. [NL.; Gr. ape + man.]

1. A hypothetical genus of primates intermediate between man and the anthropoid apes. Haeckel.

2. A genus consisting of an primate (P. erectus) apparently intermediate between man and the existing anthropoid apes, known from bones of a single individual found in Java (hence called Java man) in 1891-92. These bones include a thigh bone of the human type, two molar teeth intermediate between those of man and the anthropoids, and the calvaria of the skull, indicating a brain capacity of about 900 cubic centimeters, and resembling in form that of the Neanderthal man. Also [pl. -thropi],

Defn: an animal of this genus. —Pith`e*can"thrope (#), n. —
Pith`e*can"thro*poid (#), a.

PITHECI
Pi*the"ci, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the sense of Primates.

PITHECOID
Pith"e*coid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

1. Of or pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily Pithecinæ, which includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys.

2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the higher apes of the Old World, collectively.

PITHFUL
Pith"ful, a.

Defn: Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne.

PITHILY
Pith"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a pithy manner.

PITHINESS
Pith"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being pithy.

PITHLESS
Pith"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble. Dryden. "Pithless argumentation." Glandstone.

PIT-HOLE
Pit"-hole`, n.

Defn: A pit; a pockmark.

PITHSOME
Pith"some, a.

Defn: Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R. D.
Blackmore.

PITHY
Pith"y, a. [Compar. Pithier; superl. Pithiest.]

1. Consisting wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a pithy stem; a pithy fruit.

2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent. This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed. Dryden. In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy. Addison. Pithy gall (Zoöl.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).

PITIABLE
Pit"i*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.]

Defn: Deserving pity; wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous; as, pitiable persons; a pitiable condition; pitiable wretchedness.

Syn.
— Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous.
— Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n.
— Pit"i*a*bly, adv.

PITIER
Pit"i*er, n.

Defn: One who pities. Gauden.

PITIFUL
Pit"i*ful, a.

1. Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; merciful; sympathetic. The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. James v. 11.

2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion. A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible. Spenser.

3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry; contemptible; despicable. That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool that uses it. Shak.

Syn.
— Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible.
— Pit"i*ful*ly, adv.
— Pit"i*ful*ness, n.

PITILESS
Pit"i*less, a.

1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a pitilessmaster; pitiless elements.

2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition.
— Pit"i*less*ly, adv.
— Pit"i*less*ness, n.

PITMAN
Pit"man, n.; pl. Pitmen (.

1. One who works in a pit, as in mining, in sawing timber, etc.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a connecting rod in other machinery.

PITOT'S TUBE
Pi*tot's" tube`. (Hydraul.)

Defn: A bent tube used to determine the velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of current meter.

PITPAN
Pit"pan`, n.

Defn: A long, flat-bottomed canoe, used for the navigation of rivers and lagoons in Central America. Squier.

PITPAT
Pit"pat`, n. & adv.

Defn: See Pitapat.

PITTA
Pit"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a large group of bright-colored clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family Pittidæ. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not related to the true thrushes.

Note: The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, and feed upon insects of various kinds.

PITTACAL
Pit"ta*cal, n. Etym: [Gr. pittacale.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dark blue substance obtained from wood tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark blue.

PITTANCE Pit"tance, n. Etym: [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It. pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.]

1. An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer. One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money. Macaulay.

2. A meager portion, quality, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary or compensation. "The small pittance of learning they received." Swift. The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. Fuller.

PITTED
Pit"ted, a.

1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, v. t., 2.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular parts of vegetable tissue.

PITTER
Pit"ter, n.

Defn: A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches, plums, and other stone fruit.

PITTER
Pit"ter, v. i.

Defn: To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering streams.
[Obs.] R. Greene.

PITTER-PATTER
Pit"ter-pat`ter, n.

Defn: A sound like that of alternating light beats. Also, a pattering of words.

PITTER-PATTER
Pit"ter-pat`ter, adv.

Defn: With, or with the sound of, alternating light beats; as, his heart went pitter-patter.

PITTLE-PATTLE
Pit"tle-pat`tle, v. i.

Defn: To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle. [R.] Latimer.

PITUITARY Pi*tu"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F. pituitarie.] (Anat.) (a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities. (b) Of or pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa. Pituitary body or gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function, situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of the brain; the hypophysis. — Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium.

PITUITE Pit"u*ite, n. Etym: [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of fowls.]

Defn: Mucus, phlegm.

PITUITOUS
Pi*tu"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.]

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus. Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric fever.

PITUITRIN
Pi*tu"i*trin, n. (Biol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance or extract from the pituitary body.

PITY Pit"y, n.; pl. Pities. Etym: [OE. pite, OF. pité, pitié, F. pitié, L. pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.]

1. Piety. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others; sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; fellow- feeling; commiseration. He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. Prov. xix. 17. He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. Shak.

3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be regretted. "The more the pity." Shak. What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country! Addison.

Note: In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities."

Syn. — Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, fellow- suffering; fellow-feeling. — Pity, Sympathy, Compassion. Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or inevitable misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering, but weak, and hence as inferior.

PITY
Pit"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied; p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.]

1. To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering. Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Ps. ciii. 13.

2. To move to pity; — used impersonally. [Obs.] It pitieth them to see her in the dust. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

PITY
Pit"y, v. i.

Defn: To be compassionate; to show pity.
I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. Jer. xiii. 14.

PITYING
Pit"y*ing, a.

Defn: Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
— Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.

PITYRIASIS
Pit`y*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by irregular patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike particles. Pityriasis versicolor Etym: [NL.] (Med.), a parasitic disease of the skin, characterized by the development of reddish or brownish patches.

PITYROID
Pit"y*roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, bran. Smart.

PIU
Pi"ù, adv. Etym: [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little more; as, più allegro, a little more briskly.

PIVOT
Piv"ot, n. Etym: [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See
Pipe.]

1. A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body turns.

2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as, the pivot of an arbor in a watch.

3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike the company or line moves around him in wheeling; — called also pivot man. Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot span, turns about a central vertical axis. — Pivot gun, a gun mounted on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. — Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a natural tooth by a pin or peg.

PIVOT
Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.]

Defn: To place on a pivot. Clarke.

PIVOTAL
Piv"ot*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.

PIX
Pix, n. & v.

Defn: See Pyx.

PIXY; PIXIE
Pix"y, Pix"ie, n.; pl. Pixies. Etym: [For Pucksy, from Puck.]

1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.]

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] — Pixy stool (Bot.), a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]

PIXY-LED
Pix"y-led`, a.

Defn: Led by pixies; bewildered.

PIZZICATO
Piz`zi*ca"to. Etym: [It., pinched.] (Mus.)

Defn: A direction to violinists to pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev. pizz.)

PIZZLE Piz"zle, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D. pees a tendon or spring.]

Defn: The penis; — so called in some animals, as the bull. Shak.

PLACABILITY
Pla`ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable disposition.

PLACABLE Pla"ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify: cf. F. placable. See Placate.]

Defn: Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone. Methought I saw him placable and mild. Milton.

PLACABLENESS
Pla"ca*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being placable.

PLACARD Pla*card", n. Etym: [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate, tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a flat piece of wood.]

1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict issued by authority. [Obs.] All placards or edicts are published in his name. Howell.

2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to do something. [Obs.] ller.

3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration, posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.

4. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or backplate. Planché.

5. Etym: [Cf. Placket.]

Defn: A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn in the fifteenth century and later.

PLACARD
Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Placarding.]

1. To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard the city.

2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale.

PLACATE
Plac"ate, n.

Defn: Same as Placard, 4 & 5.

PLACATE
Pla"cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placated; p. pr. & vb. n. Placating.]
Etym: [L. placatus, p.p. of placare to placate, akin to placere to
please. See Please.]

Defn: To appease; to pacify; to concilate. "Therefore is he always propitiated and placated." Cudworth.

PLACATION
Pla*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. placatio.]

Defn: The act of placating. [R.] Puttenham (1589).

PLACE Place, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from Gr. platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad; akin to Skr. prsthu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.]

1. Any portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position; ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space. Here is the place appointed. Shak. What place can be for us Within heaven's bound Milton. The word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place. Locke.

2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short part of a street open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market place." Shak.

3. A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a region or country. Are you native of this place Shak.

4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also, official station; occupation; calling. "The enervating magic of place." Hawthorne. Men in great place are thrice servants. Bacon. I know my place as I would they should do theirs. Shak.

5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or removal of another being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord Bassanio." Shak.

6. A definite position or passage of a document. The place of the scripture which he read was this. Acts viii. 32.

7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said in the first place.

8. Reception; effect; — implying the making room for. My word hath no place in you. John viii. 37.

9. (Astron.)

Defn: Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; — usually defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude and longitude. Place of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals, magazines, etc. Wilhelm. — High place (Script.), a mount on which sacrifices were offered. "Him that offereth in the high place." Jer. xlviii. 35. — In place, in proper position; timely. — Out of place, inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of place. — Place kick (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed on the ground. — Place name, the name of a place or locality. London Academy. — To give place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to give advantage. "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let all the rest give place." Shak. — To have place, to have a station, room, or seat; as, such desires can have no place in a good heart. — To take place. (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will not take place. (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c) To take effect; to prevail. "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley. "But none of these excuses would take place." Spenser. — To take the place of, to be substituted for.

Syn. — Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site; spot; office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead.

PLACE
Place, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placed; p. pr. & vb. n. Placing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.]

1. To assign a place to; to put in a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to place a book on a shelf; to place balls in tennis. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. Shak.

2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround with particular circumstances or relations in life; to appoint to certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever sphere one is placed. Place such over them to be rulers. Ex. xviii. 21.

3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in a bank.

4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend. "My resolution 's placed." Shak.

5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down. Place it for her chief virtue. Shak. To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn.
— See Put.

PLACEBO
Pla*ce"bo, n. Etym: [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A prescription intended to humor or satisfy. To sing placebo, to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant to. Chaucer.

PLACEFUL
Place"ful, a.

Defn: In the appointed place. [Obs.]

PLACE-KICK
Place"-kick`, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make a place kick; to make (a goal) by a place kick. —
Place"-kick`er, n.

PLACELESS
Place"less, a.

Defn: Having no place or office.

PLACEMAN
Place"man, n.; pl. Placemen (.

Defn: One who holds or occupies a place; one who has office under government. Sir W. Scott.

PLACEMENT
Place"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. placement.]

1. The act of placing, or the state of being placed.

2. Position; place.

PLACENTA
Pla*cen"ta, n.; pl. L. Placentæ, E. Placentas. Etym: [L., a cake, Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.

Note: In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus establish a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of the fetus and that of the parent, though the blood itself does not flow from one to the other.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds are attached.

PLACENTAL
Pla*cen"tal, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or characterized by having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.

PLACENTAL
Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Placentalia.

PLACENTALIA
Plac`en*ta"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mammalia including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the marsupials.

PLACENTARY
Pla*cen"ta*ry, a.

Defn: Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.

PLACENTATION
Plac`en*ta"tion, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The mode of formation of the placenta in different animals; as, the placentation of mammals.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as, axile placentation; parietal placentation.

PLACENTIFEROUS
Plac`en*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having or producing a placenta.

PLACENTIFORM
Pla*cen"ti*form, a. Etym: [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the middle.

PLACENTIOUS
Pla*cen"tious, a. Etym: [See Please.]

Defn: Pleasing; amiable. [Obs.] "A placentious person." Fuller.

PLACE-PROUD
Place"-proud`, a.

Defn: Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl.

PLACER
Pla"cer, n.

Defn: One who places or sets. Spenser.

PLACER
Plac"er, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]

PLACET
Pla"cet, n. Etym: [L. placet it pleases.]

1. A vote of assent, as of the governing body of a university, of an ecclesiastical council, etc.

2. The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley. The king . . . annulled the royal placet. J. P. Peters.

PLACID Plac"id, a. Etym: [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.]

Defn: Pleased; contented; unruffied; undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid aspect and meek regard." Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of infancy." Macaulay.

PLACIDITY
Pla*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. placiditas: cf. F. placidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being placid; calmness; serenity.
Hawthorne.

PLACIDLY
Plac"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a placid manner.

PLACIDNESS
Plac"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being placid.

PLACIT
Plac"it, n. Etym: [L. placitum. See Plea.]

Defn: A decree or determination; a dictum. [Obs.] "The placits and opinions of other philosophers." Evelyn.

PLACITORY
Plac"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [See Placit.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to pleas or pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.]
Clayton.

PLACITUM
Plac"i*tum, n.; pl. Placita. Etym: [LL. See Placit.]

1. A public court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign president when a consultation was held upon affairs of state. Brande & C.

2. (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A court, or cause in court.

3. (Law)

Defn: A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill.

PLACK
Plack, n. Etym: [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.]

Defn: A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less
than a cent.
With not a plack in the pocket of the poet. Prof. Wilson.

PLACKET
Plack"et, n. Etym: [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.]

1. A petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in putting it on; — called also placket hole.

3. A woman's pocket.

PLACODERM
Plac"o*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: One of the Placodermi.

PLACODERMAL
Plac`o*der"mal, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the placoderms; like the placoderms.

PLACODERMATA
Plac`o*der"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Placodermi.

PLACODERMI
Plac`o*der"mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. The body and head were covered with large bony plates. See Illust. under Pterichthys, and Coccosteus.

PLACOGANOID
Plac`o*ga"noid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.

PLACOGANOIDEI
Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See
Ganoidei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ganoid fishes including those that have large external bony plates and a cartilaginous skeleton.

PLACOID
Plac"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Platelike; having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; pertaining to the placoids.

PLACOID Plac"oid, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks. (b) One of the Placoides.

PLACOIDES
Pla*coi"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishes including the sharks and rays; the
Elasmobranchii; — called also Placoidei.

PLACOIDIAN
Pla*coid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the placoids.

PLACOPHORA
Pla*coph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also Polyplacophora. See Illust. under Chiton, and Isopleura.

PLAGA
Pla"ga, n.; pl. Plagæ. Etym: [L. plaga a blow, a welt, a stripe.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A stripe of color.

PLAGAL
Pla"gal, a. Etym: [F., from Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: Having a scale running from the dominant to its octave; — said of certain old church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called authentic, which ran from the tonic to its octave. Plagal cadence, a cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is preceded by the chord on the subdominant.

PLAGATE
Pla"gate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having plagæ, or irregular enlongated color spots.

PLAGE
Plage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. plaga.]

Defn: A region; country. [Obs.] "The plages of the north." Chaucer.

PLAGIARISM
Pla"gia*rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. plagiarisme.]

1. The act or practice of plagiarizing.

2. That which plagiarized.

PLAGIARIST
Pla"gia*rist, n.

Defn: One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a literary thief; a plagiary.

PLAGIARIZE
Pla"gia*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Plagiarizing.]

Defn: To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of another).

PLAGIARY
Pla"gia*ry, v. i.

Defn: To commit plagiarism.

PLAGIARY
Pla"gia*ry, n.; pl. Plagiaries. Etym: [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a
literary thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to
E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.]

1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.]

2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as his own; a plagiarist. Dryden.

3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton.

PLAGIARY
Pla"gia*ry, a.

1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne.

2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall.

PLAGIHEDRAL
Pla`gi*he"dral, a. Etym: [Gr. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.

PLAGIOCEPHALIC
Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

PLAGIOCEPHALY
Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

PLAGIOCLASE
Pla"gi*o*clase, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under Feldspar.

PLAGIONITE
Pla"gi*o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A sulphide of lead and antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.

PLAGIOSTOMATOUS
Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Plagiostomous.

PLAGIOSTOME
Pla"gi*o*stome, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Plagiostomi.

PLAGIOSTOMI
Pla`gi*os"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; — called also Plagiostomata.

PLAGIOSTOMOUS
Pla`gi*os"to*mous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi.

PLAGIOTREMATA
Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta, n. pl.; Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lepidosauria.

PLAGIOTROPIC
Pla`gi*o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.

PLAGIUM
Pla"gi*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Civil Law)

Defn: Manstealing; kidnaping.

PLAGOSE
Pla*gose", a. Etym: [L. plagosus. See Plague.]

Defn: Fond of flogging; as, a plagose master. [R.]

PLAGUE Plague, n. Etym: [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. plangere to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.]

1. That which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak. And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail. Wyclif. The different plague of each calamity. Shak.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson. Cattle plague. See Rinderpest. — Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.

PLAGUE
Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.]

1. To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any kind. Thus were they plagued And worn with famine. Milton.

2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass. She will plague the man that loves her most. Spenser.

Syn. — To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease; tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.

PLAGUEFUL
Plague"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; as, plagueful exhalations.

PLAGUELESS
Plague"less, a.

Defn: Free from plagues or the plague.

PLAGUER
Pla"guer, n.

Defn: One who plagues or annoys.

PLAGUILY
Pla"gui*ly, adv.

Defn: In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely. [Colloq.]
"Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor.

PLAGUY
Pla"guy, a.

Defn: Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse.
[Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud." Shak.

PLAICE Plaice, n. Etym: [F. plaise, plais, prob. fr. L. platessa flatish, plaice. See Place.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes platessa), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight or ten pounds or more. (b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys dentatus; called also brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. The name is sometimes applied to other allied species. [Written also plaise.] Plaice mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth. [R.] B. Jonson.

PLAID Plaid, n. Etym: [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid a sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.]

1. A rectangular garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes. It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.

2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.

PLAID
Plaid, a.

Defn: Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid; checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one another; as, plaid muslin.

PLAIDED
Plaid"ed, a.

1. Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan. "In plaided vest." Wordsworth.

2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell.

PLAIDING
Plaid"ing, n.

Defn: Plaid cloth.

PLAIN
Plain, v. i. Etym: [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.]

Defn: To lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton.
We with piteous heart unto you pleyne. Chaucer.

PLAIN
Plain, v. t.

Defn: To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic &
Poetic] Sir J. Harrington.

PLAIN
Plain, a. [Compar. Plainer; superl. Plainest.] Etym: [F., level,
flat, fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano,
Plan, Plane level, a level surface.]

1. Without elevations or depressions; flat; level; smooth; even. See Plane. The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. Isa. xl. 4.

2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair. Our troops beat an army in plain fight. Felton.

3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear; unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak.

4. (a) Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious embellishment; not rich; simple. (b) Not highly cultivated; unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely; common. "Plain yet pious Christians." Hammond. "The plain people." A. Lincoln. (c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; artless; honest; frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak. (d) Not luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food. (e) Without beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman. (f) Not variegated, dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin. (g) Not much varied by modulations; as, a plain tune. Plain battle, open battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer. — Plain chant (Mus.) Same as Plain song, below. — Plain chart (Naut.), a chart laid down on Mercator's projection. — Plain dealer. (a) One who practices plain dealing. (b) A simpleton. [Obs.] Shak. — Plain dealing. See under Dealing. — Plain molding (Join.), molding of which the surfaces are plain figures. — Plain sewing, sewing of seams by simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery, etc.; — distinguished also from designing and fitting garments. — Plain song. (a) The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the prescribed melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of equal length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave. (b) A simple melody. — Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of speech.

Syn. — Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised; frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright; blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See Manifest.

PLAIN
Plain, adv.

Defn: In a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn."
Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak.

PLAIN
Plain, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.]

1. Level land; usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface, or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the plain of Jordan; the American plains, or prairies. Descending fro the mountain into playn. Chaucer. Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain. Milton.

2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. Lead forth my soldiers to the plain. Shak.

PLAIN
Plain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.]
Etym: [Cf. Plane, v.]

1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the surface. [R.] We would rake Europe rather, plain the East. Wither.

2. To make plain or manifest; to explain. What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech. Shak.

PLAINANT
Plain"ant, n. Etym: [See 1st Plain.] (Law)

Defn: One who makes complaint; the plaintiff. [Obs.]

PLAIN-DEALING
Plain"-deal`ing, a.

Defn: Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain dealing, under
Dealing. Shak.

PLAIN-HEARTED
Plain"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Frank; sincere; artless. Milton.
— Plain"-heart`ed*ness, n.

PLAINING
Plain"ing, n.

Defn: Complaint. [Poetic] Shak.

PLAINING
Plain"ing, a.

Defn: Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant.

PLAIN-LAID
Plain"-laid`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Consisting of strands twisted together in the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

PLAINLY
Plain"ly, adv.

Defn: In a plain manner; clearly.

PLAINNESS
Plain"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plain.

PLAINSMAN
Plains"man, n.; pl. -men (.

Defn: One who lives in the plains.

PLAIN-SPOKEN
Plain"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden.

PLAINT
Plaint, n. Etym: [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere,
planctum (plancta, fem. p.p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf.
Complain, Plague, Plangent.]

1. Audible expression of sorrow; lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The Psalmist's mournful plaint." Wordsworth.

2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury. There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two upon defense. Bacon.

3. (Law)

Defn: A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing. Blackstone.

PLAINTFUL
Plaint"ful, a.

Defn: Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow with an audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney.

PLAINTIFF
Plain"tiff, n. Etym: [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old
French equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See
Plaint, and cf. Plaintive.] (Law)

Defn: One who commences a personal action or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; — opposed to Ant: defendant.

PLAINTIFF
Plain"tiff, a.

Defn: See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior.

PLAINTIVE
Plain"tive, a. Etym: [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.]

1. Repining; complaining; lamenting. Dryden.

2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad. "The most
plaintive ditty." Landor.
— Plain"tive*ly, adv.
— Plain"tive*ness, n.

PLAINTLESS
Plaint"less, a.

Defn: Without complaint; unrepining. "Plaintless patience." Savage.

PLAISANCE
Plai`sance", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Pleasance.

PLAISE
Plaise, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Plaice. [Obs.]

PLAISTER
Plais"ter, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Plaster.

PLAIT Plait, n. Etym: [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p.p. of plicare to fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat to weave, Pleat, Plight fold.]

1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat; as, a box plait. The plaits and foldings of the drapery. Addison.

2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat. Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica.

PLAIT
Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.]

1. To fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a ruffle.

2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to plait hair; to plait rope.

PLAITED
Plait"ed, a.

Defn: Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved;
intricate; artful.
Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. Shak.

PLAITER
Plait"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, plaits.

PLAN
Plan, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.]

1. A draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.

2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the plan of an expedition. God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. M. R. Smith.

3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom. The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they should keep who can. Wordsworth. Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc.

Syn. — Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; contrivance; device. See Scheme.

PLAN
Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned; p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.]

1. To form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram.

2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan the conquest of a country. Even in penance, planning sins anew. Goldsmith.

PLANARIA
Pla*na"ri*a, n.; pl. L. Planariæ, E. -rias. Etym: [NL. See Planary.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to Planaria, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.

PLANARIAN
Pla*na"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Planarida, or Dendrocoela; any turbellarian worm.
— Pla*na"ri*an, a.

PLANARIDA
Pla*nar"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Turbellaria; the Dendrocoela.

PLANARIOID
Pla*na"ri*oid, a. Etym: [Planaria + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the planarians.

PLANARY
Pla"na*ry, a. Etym: [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a plane. [R.]

PLANCH
Planch, n. Etym: [F. planche.]

Defn: A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

PLANCH
Planch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched; p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.]
Etym: [F. planche a board, plank. See Plank.]

Defn: To make or cover with planks or boards; to plank. [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a planched gate." Shak.

PLANCHER
Planch"er, n. Etym: [F., planche. See Planch.]

1. A floor of wood; also, a plank. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The under side of a cornice; a soffit.

PLANCHER
Planch"er, v. t.

Defn: To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding.

PLANCHET
Planch"et, n. Etym: [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche.
See Planch.]

Defn: A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be stamped as a coin.

PLANCHETTE
Plan`chette", n. Etym: [F. See Planchet.]

1. A circumferentor. See Circumferentor.

2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes translated as of oracular or supernatural import.

PLANCHING
Planch"ing, n.

Defn: The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of boards or planks.

PLANE
Plane, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. platanus, Gr. Place, and cf. Platane,
Plantain the tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any tree of the genus Platanus.

Note: The Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native of Asia. It rises with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (Platanus occidentalis), which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it is popularly called sycamore, buttonwood, and buttonball, names also applied to the California species (Platanus racemosa).

PLANE
Plane, a. Etym: [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan, a.]

Defn: Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.

Note: In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface. Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane. — Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve. — Plane figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines it is a curvilinear plane figure. — Plane geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures. — Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically by the aid of the right line and circle only. — Plane sailing (Naut.), the method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that the earth's surface is a plane. — Plane scale (Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. — Plane surveying, surveying in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent. — Plane table, an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the field. — Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in which its principles are applied to plane triangles.

PLANE
Plane, n. Etym: [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without curvature.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the equator.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate.

4. (Joinery)

Defn: A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward, with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc. Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is supposed to stand. — Perspective plane. See Perspective. — Plane at infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely distant are conceived as situated. — Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane. — Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. — Plane of projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is made, corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; — called also principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position in space. — Plane of refraction or reflection (Opt.), the plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected ray.

PLANE
Plane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed; p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. planer, L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and
cf. Planish.]

1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a plane; as, to plane a plank.

2. To efface or remove. He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. Chaucer.

3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.] What student came but that you planed her path. Tennyson.

PLANE-PARALLEL
Plane`-par"al*lel, a. (Optics)

Defn: Having opposite surfaces exactly plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.

PLANER
Plan"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; esp., a machine for planing wood or metals.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, and making the surface even. Hansard. Planer centers. See under Center.

PLANER TREE
Plan"er tree`. Etym: [From J.S.Planer, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related to the elm, but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.

PLANET
Plan"et, n. Etym: [OE. planete, F. planète, L. planeta, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See Solar system.

Note: The term planet was first used to distinguish those stars which have an apparent motion through the constellations from the fixed stars, which retain their relative places unchanged. The inferior planets are Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the earth; the superior planets are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is the earth. Primary planets are those which revolve about the sun; secondary planets, or moons, are those which revolve around the primary planets as satellites, and at the same time revolve with them about the sun.

2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men. There's some ill planet reigns. Shak. Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. — Planet wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it meshes, in an epicyclic train.

PLANE TABLE
Plane" ta`ble.

Defn: See under Plane, a.

PLANETARIUM
Plan`e*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. planétaire. See Planetary.]

Defn: An orrery. See Orrery.

PLANETARY Plan"et*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F. planétaire planetary. See Planet.]

1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.

2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.

3. (Astrol.)

Defn: Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in the planetary hours." Drayton.

4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.

5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering. "Erratical and planetary life." Fuller. Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known to the ancients, each having its day. Hutton. — Planetary nebula, a nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.

PLANETED
Plan"et*ed, a.

Defn: Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.

PLANETIC; PLANETICAL
Pla*net"ic, Pla*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. planeticus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.

PLANETOID
Plan"et*oid, n. Etym: [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.)

Defn: A body resembling a planet; an asteroid.

PLANETOIDAL
Plan"et*oid*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a planetoid.

PLANE TREE
Plane" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as 1st Plane.

PLANET-STRICKEN; PLANET-STRUCK
Plan"et-strick`en, Plan"et-struck`, a.

Defn: Affected by the influence of planets; blasted. Milton. Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core By strong compunction and remorse. Wordsworth.

PLANETULE
Plan"et*ule, n.

Defn: A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.

PLANGENCY
Plan"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being plangent; a beating sound. [R.]

PLANGENT
Plan"gent, a. Etym: [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See
Plaint.]

Defn: Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H.
Taylor.

PLANI-; PLANO-
Plan"i-, Plan"o-. Etym: [L. planus. See Plane, a.]

Defn: Combining forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry, plano-concave.

PLANIFOLIOUS
Plan`i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Flat-leaved.

PLANIFORM
Plan"i*form, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having a plane surface; as, a planiform, gliding, or arthrodial articulation.

PLANIMETER
Pla*nim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.

PLANIMETRIC; PLANIMETRICAL
Plan`i*met"ric, Plan`i*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. planimétrique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to planimetry.

PLANIMETRY
Pla*nim"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. planimétrie.]

Defn: The mensuration of plane surfaces; — distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration of volumes.

PLANING
Plan"ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. Planing machine. (a) See Planer. (b) A complex machine for planing wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed is passed under it by feeding apparatus.

PLANIPENNATE
Pla`ni*pen"nate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Planipennia.

PLANIPENNIA Pla`ni*pen"ni*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.

PLANIPETALOUS
Plan`i*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having flat petals.

PLANISH
Plan"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished; p. pr. & vb. n. Planishing.]
Etym: [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.]

Defn: To make smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and polish by light blows with a hammer.

PLANISHER
Plan"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.

PLANISHING
Plan"ish*ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t. Planishing rolls (Coining), rolls between which metal strips are passed while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness.

PLANISPHERE
Plan"i*sphere, n. Etym: [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisphère. See
Plain, and Sphere.]

Defn: The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., for any given date or hour.

PLANISPHERIC
Plan`i*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a planisphere.

PLANK Plank, n. Etym: [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L. planca; cf. Gr. Planch.]

1. A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being thicker. See Board.

2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer. His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and bitter-minded bigot. Southey.

3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant] Plank road, or Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] — To walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; — a method of disposing of captives practiced by pirates.

PLANK
Plank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked; p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]

1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship. "Planked with pine." Dryden.

2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]

3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.

4. (Wooden Manuf.)

Defn: To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for subsequent drawing. Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before a wood fire.

PLANKING
Plank"ing, n.

1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a vessel.

2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.

PLANK-SHEER
Plank"-sheer`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The course of plank laid horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.

PLANKTON Plank"ton (plank"ton), n. [NL., fr. Gr. plagto`n, neut. of plagto`s wandering, pla`zesqai to wander.] (Biol.)

Defn: All the animals and plants, taken collectively, which live at or near the surface of salt or fresh waters. —Plank*ton"ic (#), a.

PLANLESS
Plan"less, a.

Defn: Having no plan.

PLANNER
Plan"ner, n.

Defn: One who plans; a projector.

PLANO-
Pla"no-.

Defn: See Plani-.

PLANOBLAST
Plan"o*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.

PLANO-CONCAVE
Pla"no-con"cave, a. Etym: [Plano- + concave.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.

PLANO-CONICAL
Pla"no-con"ic*al, a. Etym: [Plano- + conical.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and conical on the other. Grew.

PLANO-CONVEX
Pla"no-con"vex, a. Etym: [Plano- + convex.]

Defn: Plane or flat on one side, and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and Lens.

PLANOGAMETE
Plan"o*ga*mete`, n. [Gr. wandering + E. gamete.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the motile ciliated gametes, or zoögametes, found in isogamous plants, as many green algæ (Chlorophyceæ).

PLANO-HORIZONTAL
Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal, a. Etym: [Plano- + horizontal.]

Defn: Having a level horizontal surface or position. Lee.

PLANOMETER
Pla*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.]