IV (part 4)

Slack, Edward, Waterloo, Quebec, was born at Eaton, Quebec, on the 17th August, 1841, and is a son of the Rev. George Slack, of London, England. Unlike most clergymen, Mr. Slack’s father has passed a very adventurous career. Before he was ordained he was an officer in the British Navy, and was in the service of the Queen of Portugal during the insurrection of 1830. He was in the battle of Cape St. Vincent on the 5th July, 1833, and for his gallantry on that occasion received the Order of the Tower and Sword of Portugal. He afterwards returned to England, and in 1837 retired from the navy. He then put into operation a project he had formed of coming to Canada. Shortly afterwards, however, he returned again to England to be married to Emma Colston, of Epsom, a niece of General Sir Edward Howarth, baronet, K.C.B. The newly married couple then left England to take up their permanent residence in Canada. Arriving, they remained for some time at Eaton, Quebec, where Mr. Slack was ordained by the late Bishop Mountain, of Quebec, and after removing to different places they finally settled down at Bedford, of which district the Rev. Mr. Slack became Rural Dean. His son, the subject of our sketch, received his education at Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, where he took a classical course. A true chip of the old block, he joined one of the Volunteer forces and served as lieutenant at Niagara in the Trent affair. He again saw active service during the Fenian raid, and also took part in the battle of Pigeon Hill, on the Missisquoi frontier. He has occupied at different times as many as seventeen municipal and public offices. He has been mayor of Waterloo for eight years, and a member of the council for over twenty. He is at present warden of Shefford county, a position which he has held for a number of years, and is also a director of the Waterloo and Magog, and the Stanstead, Shefford and Chambly Railroads. He is a member of the Church of England, and is thoroughly independent in politics. His wife is Marion A. Ellis, daughter of the late R. A. Ellis, of Waterloo, Quebec. They were married on the 20th September, 1864, and have seven children.

Hudspeth, Adam, Q.C., M.P., Lindsay, Ontario, was born in Cobourg, Ont., on the 8th of December, 1836. He received his education in the Grammar School of his native town, under the tuition of his father, who was head-master. He studied law, and was called to the bar in 1867. A year later he married Harriette Miles, daughter of R. S. Miles, of Brockville, a retired chief factor of the Hudson’s Bay Company. Mr. Hudspeth soon made his mark as a lawyer and acquired a large practice. He was also, from early manhood, a keen politician and did yeoman service for his party (the Conservative) in all the political contests of his district for many years. In 1875 he received the nomination of his party for the local legislature and fought a hard fight against heavy odds, and though not successful, he won the respect of opponents as well as the admiration of friends by the manly earnestness of his campaign. Though giving much attention to politics, Mr. Hudspeth advanced rapidly in his profession and some years ago became a bencher of the Law Society of Ontario. Mr. Hudspeth was deputy judge for the county of Victoria for many years, being entrusted also with the duties of revising officer under the Franchise Act of 1885 to prepare the lists for North Victoria. Although complaints were made by the Liberals of the action of revising officers in different parts of the country, those complaints being all the more bitter because of the fierce opposition which had been offered to the Franchise Bill in parliament, no such complaints were made of the manner in which the lists for North Victoria were prepared, both sides acknowledging that a strict even-handed justice was meted out in every case. When the election came on Mr. Hudspeth ran as the Conservative candidate in South Victoria. He was elected by a handsome majority; but it was supposed that he was disqualified under the Independence of Parliament Act. Thereupon he resigned his office as revising officer and again entered the contest. The fight was one of the fiercest that has ever been known, even in Victoria, where party spirit is strong, but the result was another victory for Mr. Hudspeth. The victor was able to take his seat during the first session of the new parliament, being received with enthusiastic plaudits on being introduced to Mr. Speaker. His friends regard his entry into parliamentary life as the fitting result of a long political education gained in the field of active contests and as the real opening of a brilliant career. Undoubtedly Mr. Hudspeth’s talents were far above the average, and his remarkable energy and force of character are certain to bring those talents into prominence that the possessor of them will be called upon to take a high place among the representatives of the people.

Morrison, Alfred Gidney, Barrister, Halifax, was born on 31st May, 1854, at Folly village, Londonderry, in the county of Colchester, Nova Scotia. His parents were Thomas Fletcher Morrison and Margaret Brown Fletcher. On his father’s side he is descended from the ancient family of Morrisons of the West coast of Scotland, who were present in Ireland and took part in the defence of Derry. From thence they came to New Hampshire, and from there to Londonderry and Truro, in the county of Colchester, in the year 1760. On the mother’s side he is descended from the Rev. John Brown, who was a native of Scotland, and one of the pioneers of the Presbyterian church of Nova Scotia. Rev. Mr. Brown was the associate of the late Dr. McGregor, the founder of Pictou academy, one of the leading educational institutions in eastern Nova Scotia. Mr. Morrison received his primary education at the common school in his native village; and when a mere lad happened one day to go into the court house at Truro, and hearing two distinguished members of the bar wrangling over a disputed point, he, on returning to his home, announced his determination to be a lawyer. Although years elapsed before he could carry out this cherished idea, he at length succeeded in getting a chance to study this profession. He removed to Halifax in 1878, and after taking a course at Pictou academy, he studied law for a short time in the Halifax Law School, which was then newly established, and afterwards read law with Weatherby & Graham, barristers, and Thompson & Graham, barristers, Halifax, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in December, 1882. He immediately afterwards entered into a partnership with W. F. MacCoy, Q.C., but three years afterwards he joined the firm of MacCoy, Pearson, Morrison & Forbes, which firm now does a large business in Halifax. From 1870 until 1879 he held the position of deputy surveyor of shipping at Londonderry. In 1884 he acted as secretary to a provincial delegation to Ottawa; and was solicitor for the Board of Public Charities at Halifax until the board was abolished by the legislature in 1886. He helped in the establishment of a system of printing cases for argument before the court in banc; and also in the establishment of a law school at Halifax. He was connected with the press for two years, and in this connection assisted in promoting several important public enterprises. Mr. Morrison believes in open and free discussion, and always likes to see the best man win. He has been, since 1878, a leading member of the Young Men’s Liberal Club at Halifax, and takes an active part in politics. He is considered a good campaign platform speaker, and has taken an interest in all election contests since 1878. He is familiar with the maritime provinces; but has only been able, so far, to visit Ottawa and the New England states. He was brought up a Presbyterian, and his mind has undergone no important theological change from youth up. Mr. Morrison’s progress has been upward in his profession. He is a man of sound judgment, excellent address, diligent in business, and possessed of an untarnished reputation for integrity. He is very fond of literature, but unfortunately his legal business gives him little time to indulge this taste, to any great extent, in this direction. He was married on the 7th February, 1884, to Rubie F. Douglas, of Maitland, in the county of Halifax, who is a lady of good education and refined taste. She was for some years, previous to her marriage, engaged in educational work, of which she is particularly fond. She was educated at the Truro Normal School. One son has been born of this union.

Matheson, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur James, fifth son of the late Col. the Hon. Roderick Matheson, Senator, was born at Perth, Ontario, and educated at Upper Canada College, and Trinity College, Toronto. He was called to the Bar of Ontario in February, 1870. In March, 1866, he was gazetted lieutenant of the Perth Infantry company, with which he served in the provisional battalion at Brockville and Prescott on the St. Lawrence frontier during the first Fenian raid. In November, 1866, on the formation of the 42nd battalion, he was gazetted captain. Having resigned his commission while studying his profession in Toronto, he was afterwards re-appointed captain, and in 1885, major, and on 18th June, 1886, lieut.-col. of the 42nd battalion V. M. The services of the battalion were volunteered for the North-West during the rebellion but were not required. Lieut.-Col. Matheson was, for a number of years, a member of the town council, and for two years, 1883 and 1884, mayor of Perth. In politics he is a Conservative.

Angus, Richard Bladworth, Montreal, Director of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born at Bathgate, in the neighbourhood of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, on the 28th day of May, 1830. He is one of four brothers, all remarkable for the early developed brilliancy of their talents. Mr. Angus received his scholastic education in the academy at Bathgate, and at an early age left Scotland and went to England, where, in a bank in Manchester, he received his business training. Bound to push his fortune, he came to Canada in 1857, and found a situation in the Bank of Montreal. In the first series of this work in connection with the life of the late Mr. C. F. Smithers, a brief concise sketch is given of the early history of banking in Canada, with especial reference to the great Bank of Montreal, of which that regretted financier had for several years the direction. It was with the progress of the same important institution that the subject of this memoir was destined to be identified during some of the most active years of his busy life, like not a few of the Scotchmen who have made their mark on this side of the Atlantic, Mr. Angus had his business training in one of the great commercial centres of England. The qualities which were ultimately to win him the confidence of his colleagues in some of the grandest enterprises of the time were soon recognized in the young Manchester clerk, and he rapidly mounted the ladder of promotion. In three years he had risen to the post of accountant, and in 1861 was sent to Chicago to assume charge of the branch office in that city. After some years residence in Chicago, he was entrusted with a still larger responsibility, being appointed to the associate management of the New York agency; a year later we find him once more in Montreal, as manager of the local business, and having discharged the critical business of that position for five years, he succeeded Mr. King, in 1869, as general manager. His tenure of that high position was marked by tact, foresight, and the fullest appreciation of opportunities for extending the influence of the institution. In 1876 he resigned, in order to accept the vice-presidency of the St. Paul’s, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway, a step which in due time was to have important results. It will be remembered that, as in the east, the entrance of the Maritime provinces into the Canadian Confederation necessitated the construction of the Intercolonial Railway. So in the extreme west, the admission of British Columbia was effected solely on the condition that communication should be established between the Pacific region and the rest of the Dominion. It was one of the grandest enterprises that had ever been conceived in an age fertile in great undertakings. In 1871 the survey was begun, but the scheme was to undergo many modifications before the actual initiation of the work of construction. It was finally deemed most advisable on various grounds that the responsibility should be assumed, not by the Government, but by a private company. At last a syndicate was formed, with Mr. (now Sir) George Stephen as its leading spirit. Mr. Angus was one of the original body, and has remained in connection with the incorporate company ever since as one of its directors. He shares, therefore, in the glory, as he has shared in the responsibilities and risks, of a public work, which has revolutionised the relations of the distant parts of the British empire, and enhanced a hundredfold the prospects of Canada as to immigration, industry and commerce. Not, indeed, till the present generation has passed away will the world sufficiently appreciate the services of the men by whom the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed, an all-through route from ocean to ocean on British territory and a band of union between the metropolis and the farthest east, without which Imperial unity would be little more than a name. Mr. Angus is regarded as a shrewd business man, and very strict in his dealings. He is, however, none the less popular, as he has many amiable qualities, being a typical instance of that dual nature which is not uncommon, especially among Scotchmen, combining rigid adherence to the letter of a bargain, and close calculation of expenditure in business matters, with open-handed generosity in social intercourse. He is a member of the St. Andrew’s Society, and holds the position of vice-president. He is also a member of St. Paul’s lodge of Free Masons.

Jones, Robert Vonclure, A.M., Ph.D., Professor of Classics, Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, was born on June 25, 1835, at Pownal, lot 49, Prince Edward Island. His father was William Jones, who was born in London, Great Britain, and emigrated with his parents to Prince Edward Island about the beginning of the present century. His mother was Mary Gay, who came with her parents from the state of Maine, United States, and settled in Prince Edward Island, about 1802. After leaving the common schools, Mr. Jones pursued a course of study in the Central Academy, Charlottetown, P.E.I. This school has since received the more ambitious title of Prince of Wales College. It was then, as now, a place of thorough drill, and in it faithful pupils could lay the foundation of a broad and sound scholarship. He went, at the beginning of 1855, to Horton Collegiate Academy to continue his studies; and was matriculated into Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, in 1856. He graduated in 1860, and was a member of the class that included the names of Professors Hartt and Wells, and Drs. Rand and Alward. He continued his studies at Oxford University, England, after his appointment to Acadia College; and was for four years second master of Horton Collegiate Academy. He was appointed to the chair of classics in Acadia College in 1865, and this position he still holds. For some years he was one of the classical examiners to the University of Halifax. Mr. Jones has travelled quite extensively in England, Scotland, France, Switzerland, Italy, and in some of the New England States. In religion he is a Baptist, and at the Baptist convention, held in the Baptist church, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, August 20th, 1887, he was unanimously elected president. He was married on June 8, 1865, to Emma R. Pineo, daughter of John O. Pineo, a well-known resident of Wolfville, Kings county.

Macdonald, Hon. Andrew Archibald, Lieutenant-Governor of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, was born at Three Rivers, in that province, on the 14th February, 1829. He is the eldest son of Hugh Macdonald, and Catherine Macdonald, his wife, and grandson of Andrew Macdonald, who purchased an estate of ten thousand acres in Prince Edward Island, in the early part of the century, and with his family and some fifty of his countrymen, whom he brought with him to settle on the property, emigrated from Inverness-shire, Scotland, to Prince Edward Island where his kinsman, Macdonald of Glenaladale and other relations had already taken up their abode. Shortly after his arrival in the province he likewise purchased the beautiful island of Panmure, seven hundred acres in extent, at the entrance of Cardigan bay. There he erected a dwelling-house and store and took up his residence. He set apart a suitable piece of land for a church, which was soon built with the assistance of a few settlers of the same faith, and there all would assemble on the Sundays for united prayer, or to join in offering the holy sacrifice of the mass at such rare intervals as a priest visited the district. The interior of the island was then covered with the primeval forest, unbroken by roads. The first settlers located along the borders of the seashore or by the river margin. The water was the great highway at all seasons. Snowshoes were as indispensable in winter as canoes were in summer, for the snowfall was much greater then than in later years, since the forest has been cleared. The firm of Andrew Macdonald & Sons at once established an extensive business in exporting the pine timber of the province to Great Britain, and importing such goods as the settlers required. They also extended a branch of the house to Miramichi, in New Brunswick. They experienced all the usual difficulties of early settlers in a new country, but we will only note a few somewhat different from the ordinary kind. In 1807, while the first ship they had chartered was loading, a sloop of war arrived from Halifax, and pressed the crew for the King’s service. No seamen could be had to replace them, and the ship and cargo were detained for a long time. Other ship-owners, fearing the same fate, would not accept colonial charters, and provincial trade was at a standstill, but Mr. Macdonald represented the matter so well to the government that the practice was soon discontinued, and business went on. At another time, as the old man and one of his younger sons were taking passage home to Britain, in the autumn, by a timber-laden ship, she was captured by an American privateer, and taken as a prize to Philadelphia, where he and his son were confined in jail for some months as prisoners. As they were unable to communicate with their friends and were without funds, they suffered great hardship, and endured such privation that the old gentleman’s health gave way, he was then allowed a limited liberty on parole. In the following spring he managed to acquaint his friends with his situation, and the attention of the Provincial government being called to the case, they obtained his liberation and he returned home. In 1817 the house at Panmure with every thing it contained, including valuable family papers, was destroyed by fire, the inmates barely escaping with their lives; but undaunted still, he imported brick and material from Britain and erected the first brick dwelling-house and stables ever seen in that part of the province. His original purchase of township lands had proved a very unfortunate one, as it involved him in a Chancery suit, which continued up to the time of his death, in 1833. His son, Hugh, succeeded to the property, and continued the suit for almost another generation, with the usual result in the Chancery suits of that period, the litigants were ruined and the whole estate swallowed up in costs. Hugh Macdonald, of Panmure, was one of the first Roman Catholics appointed to any office of importance after the passage of the Catholic Emancipation Act. He was high sheriff of the province in 1834. A commissioner of the Small Debt Court and justice of the peace for Kings county; represented Georgetown for some time in the House of Assembly; held the imperial appointment of Controller of Customs and Navigation Laws, and was Collector of Customs at Three Rivers, P.E.I., from 1832 until his death, in 1857. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Andrew Archibald Macdonald, the subject of our sketch, who was educated at the public schools of the county and by private tutors. He first entered as a clerk in a general store, opened at Georgetown, P.E.I., by a relative, in 1844, and soon became a partner in the business. On the death of the senior member of the firm in 1851, he purchased the estate, continued the business, embarked largely in the fisheries, and took his two brothers into partnership. The firm became large buyers and exporters of the products of the province, and engaged extensively in shipbuilding. In 1871 he removed with his family to Charlottetown, and shortly afterwards disposed of his interest in the business to his partners. He had been Consular agent for the United States of America at Georgetown for twenty-five years, before his removal to the capital. He had entered political life at an early age, and was returned to the House of Assembly in 1854, as one of the representatives for Georgetown. At the next general election, although he polled a majority of the votes, he was unseated on a change of parties by scrutiny in the house in 1859. When the Legislative Council first became elective in 1863, he was elected thereto by the second district of Kings county, and again returned by the same constituency in 1868. Whilst, a member of the opposition, the government appointed him one of the delegates to confer with those from the governments of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick at the Charlottetown conference of first September, 1864, on the expediency of the union of the three provinces, when the deputation from Canada was received and the subject of a general confederation of the British American provinces informally discussed. He was also in the same year a member of the delegation to Quebec, which arranged the first terms of Confederation for the Dominion. On submitting these to his Island constituents at public meetings they were not approved, and he did not afterwards advocate this measure, until terms more favorable to the province and acceptable to the people had been obtained, when they received his strenuous support both on the platform and in the legislature. He was first called to the Executive Council in Mr. Coles’ administration, formed 14th March, 1867, and continued in that of Mr. Hensley, and also of Mr. Haythorne, until the defeat of the party in September, 1870. They were succeeded by Mr. Pope’s government, of which he became a member, and was leader in the upper house until the defeat of the party and their resignation on the 22nd April, 1872. They were recalled to power within the year, and he continued a member of the government from that time until the better terms of Confederation were secured and the measure finally accomplished, when he resigned his seat and accepted the position of provincial postmaster general, 1st July, 1873. After Confederation this office was merged in that of postmaster at Charlottetown, although still directing the Provincial mail service, in which many improvements were effected and the efficiency of the service greatly increased. In 1881 he was also appointed post-office inspector for the colony, and held these offices until his appointment as Lieutenant-Governor, on 1st August, 1884. He was a delegate to the International Convention held at Portland, U.S., in 1868, and has been a governor of the Prince of Wales College, a trustee for the Provincial Hospital for the Insane, a member of the Board of Education, a member of the Board of Works, and a member of the City School Board. In 1875 he was appointed by the government, arbitrator to settle difference between them and the contractors who built the Prince Edward Island Railway. He was also public trustee under the Land Purchase Act of 1875, and when the value had been awarded to the proprietors by the Court of Commissioners, but they had refused to divest themselves of their titles, he executed conveyances of upwards of four hundred thousand acres of their property to the government as provided in the Land Purchase Act. While in the legislature he assisted in passing many of the most important acts on the provincial statute book, and was one of the earliest advocates of the construction of the Prince Edward Island Railway as a provincial work, although it involved an expenditure of three millions of dollars, by a province whose ordinary revenue was then only three hundred thousand dollars, and whose population was but one hundred thousand, but it was successfully accomplished, and the cost borne by the province now enjoying its benefits. Lieut.-Governor Macdonald has for many years taken an active part in the promotion of temperance; is a member of the Dominion Temperance Alliance, and no wines or spirituous liquors are used or offered at government house. Mr. Macdonald, like his forefathers from time immemorial, professes the Roman Catholic faith. He is a member of the St. Vincent de Paul Society for the relief of the poor, and has been chief of the Prince Edward Island Caledonian Club for several years past. He is also president of the Arbor Society. He married, in 1863, Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Owen, formerly postmaster-general, with issue four sons, the eldest, Æneas Adolphe, is his private secretary and a law student in the office of Peters & Peters; the second son, Percy, has gone into a mercantile establishment to learn the business, and the two younger sons are still at college.

Smart, William Lynn, Barrister, Hamilton, Ontario, was born at St. Albans, Middlesex, England, on 16th September, 1824. He is the eldest son of the late John Newton Smart, of Trewhitt House, Rothbury, Northumberland, who married, in 1823, Mary Ann, co-heiress of the Rev. Thomas Gregory, vicar of Henlow, Bedfordshire, England. He succeeded his father to the Trewhitt and Netherton properties, in 1875. Mr. Smart graduated at King’s College, London. He left college in 1842, and was articled to Smart & Buller, attorneys-at-law and solicitors in Chancery, and was admitted as attorney in 1847, and was then taken in as a partner of the firm of Smart, Buller & Smart. He remained in this firm until 1853, when he came, to Canada on a visit to the late Colonel Light, of Woodstock. He subsequently accepted the appointment of secretary of the Woodstock and Lake Erie Railway Company. This company afterwards amalgamated with the Amherstburg and St. Thomas Railway Company, under the name Canada Southern Railroad. Mr. Smart remained as its secretary until the year 1862. Having been admitted as an attorney-at-law by the Law Society of Upper Canada, in 1864 he left the Canada Southern and entered into partnership with Hector Cameron, Q.C., the new firm taking the name of Cameron & Smart. During the time of the partnership, 1866, he was called to the bar of Upper Canada. In 1868 the partnership was dissolved, and he commenced business in Toronto on his own account. In 1873, he removed to Hamilton, where he received the appointment of deputy judge, under the late Judge Logie and also the late Judge Ambrose. The duties of this office he discharged with ability and care, giving much satisfaction, an address having been presented to him, signed by the bar of Wentworth county, until the appointment of the present Judge Sinclair. In 1876 he retired from his judicial position, and began business again as barrister, opening an office in the Court House, Hamilton. Judge Smart has devoted himself more or less to civic politics, and was during 1870 and 1871 a councillor for Yorkville, now part of Toronto. He belongs to the order of Freemasons, and has held the office of secretary of the Ionic lodge, No. 25, Toronto. He is likewise a member of the Orange order. He is an Episcopalian; and in politics a Liberal-Conservative. He was a candidate for South Oxford in 1882, but did not succeed. He married, in 1863, Catherine McGill Crooks, daughter of the late John Crooks, of Niagara. By this lady, who died in 1871, he has three children. He is a man of broad views, and though not a prohibitionist, is a sturdy advocate of temperance.

Van Horne, William C., Vice-President and General Manager Canadian Pacific Railway, Montreal.—Of the links that bind the old world to the new, there is one which, whatever may betide in a future, near or far, is not likely to give way. That link is the bond of race, and in itself that bond is manifold. In Mexico, Central and South America, a group of successive states perpetuates the memories of Spain’s dominion in the continent that she helped Columbus to discover. Brazil is allied by blood and crown to the enterprise of Portugal. North of the Gulf of Mexico, the empire has, in the course of events, become the heritage of men of Anglo-Saxon breed, whether the flag be the union-jack or the stars and stripes, the men who raised it aloft were mainly from the British Isles. Not all, however. Both in the United States and Canada there are elements in the population—important elements—which it would be stupidity to ignore. The foundations of the dominion were laid by the valiant and pious sons of La Belle France, and notwithstanding the change of rulership, the country is still, and must long continue to be, to a large extent, administered by their descendants. In the United States, among the first to sow the seeds of civilization in the wilderness, were the hardy children of the land of dykes and fogs. Hudson, though English born, was by adoption and service a Hollander, and the commercial metropolis of the western hemisphere was founded by Dutch pioneers. It is no wonder that in the great American republic should have arisen the most sympathetic and popular historian of the growth and independence of the United Netherlands. For if in that land of constant warfare with the ocean—the well-known patronymic—which to Platt Deutsch ears is as “Mac” to the Highlander, and “O” to the Munsterman, has been borne by patriots like Van den Berg, Van der Does, Van Tromp, and Van Hove, not less distinguished a place, in proportion to their numbers, have the founders of Manhattan and their descendants won for themselves in their new home. It is also worthy of remembrance that, though the English, displaced the Dutch by the law of the stronger, the Dutch won back their lost estates, and that in fact they only submitted to the English crown, when that crown pressed the brow of a compatriot of their own—William, Prince of Orange. Of the persons of known Dutch origin who have since those days of struggle risen to proud preeminence in the United States, the list is a long and honorable one. There is no rank of life, indeed, in which they have not been and may still be found, and as a rule, wherever the syllable “Van” is prefixed to a name, it denotes the ancient fatherland of its possessor. It may be almost taken for granted that he is above the average in those qualities that win success and esteem. That this assertion is not made at random, will be evident to any one who consults the “Biographical Directory of the Railway Officials of America,” where the number of office bearers bearing names beginning with “Van” is remarkable. In this list one name is conspicuous as that of a gentleman who holds the supreme position among the railway men of Canada—that of William C. Van Horne, vice-president and general manager of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The name is one, moreover, of high renown in both continents, and has been borne by soldiers, sailors, divines, and scholars, as well as by men who made their mark in the ranks of commerce and industry. It was, it will be remembered, a Garratt Van Horne, a valorous and gigantic Dutchman, who led that resolute band of New Netherlanders who refused to bend their necks to the English invader. One of the race did, indeed, afterwards suffer discomfiture, being taken by surprise, and the students of our history will recall the repulse of Major Thomas B. Van Horne, near Detroit, in 1812. But a namesake of that gallant officer has amply avenged him in the spirit of returning good for evil. The rivalries of peace are more noble than those of war, and the benefit that the subject of this memoir has conferred on the Dominion and its people rebounds to the honor of the benefactor, as no conquest of his military namesake, even had he advanced unchecked, could ever have done. Mr. W. C. Van Horne is in career a type, not only as we have tried to show, of the stamp of character with which Holland—trained there, too, by long and fruitful conflict with nature—has endowed the new world, but also of a class of men who have made North America what it is to day. What the railway movement has done for civilization in the western, even more than in the eastern, hemisphere, we need not pause to inquire. Enough to suggest the inquiring; the answer lies all around us in the network of lines which has brought the most remote and out-of-the-way corners of the continent into communication with the great centres of business, skilled labor, and varied culture. In effecting these splendid results, Mr. Van Horne has had a share which, though a few dates may indicate its general features, might be made the theme of an instructive volume. Though he springs, as we have seen, from the old patron stock of the Manhattan colony, he is a westerner by birth, having first seen the light in Will county, Illinois, in February, 1843. He is therefore in the very prime of life. His railway experience began some thirty-two years ago, when he entered the service of the Illinois Central, as telegraph operator, at Chicago. He afterwards served for six years more, in various capacities, on the Joliet division of the Michigan Central. From 1864 to 1872, he was connected with the Chicago and Alton Railway, filling successively the positions of train-despatcher, superintendent of telegraphs, and assistant superintendent of the railway; and in 1872, he became general superintendent of the St. Louis, Kansas City, and Northern Railway. From October, 1874, till October, 1878, he was general manager of the Southern Minnesota line, being president of the company from December, 1877, till December, 1879. From October, 1878, till December, 1879, he was general superintendent of the Chicago and Alton Railway. In January, 1880, he became general superintendent of the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul’s Railway, a position which he held for two years. In January, 1882, he became connected with the Canadian Pacific Railway, as general manager, and in 1884, he assumed the high and responsible position, which he still holds, as vice-president of that great company. This brief outline indicates a career of faithful service and gradual promotion. From that time forward Mr. Van Horne’s name has become a household one in Canada. His perseverance, pluck, and skill in connection with that railway soon placed him in the fore rank as one of the great railway managers of the present century, and the work he performed, and the skill manifested in the construction of that great national work, will ever link his name with the history of Canada. The work was completed within six years of the period allowed by contract, the last spike was driven by the Hon. (now Sir) Donald A. Smith, at Eagle Pass, 340 miles from Port Moodie, on the 7th of November, 1885, and the through train from Montreal passed on to the Pacific terminus. The operation of the line since that date has transcended the expectations even of the most sanguine.

Bryson, Hon. George, sen., Fort Coulonge, ex-Member of the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, was born in Paisley, Scotland, on the 16th December, 1813. His parents were James Bryson and Jane Cochrane, and both were born in Scotland. They came to Canada in 1821, and settled in the township of Ramsay, Lanark county, Ontario. Hon. Mr. Bryson received his education in the public schools of Ramsay. For about fifty years he has been in the lumber business, and has seen the development of this national industry from nearly its commencement. He was mayor of the township of Mansfield, county of Pontiac, province of Quebec, for a number of years, and for several terms served as warden of the county. In the fall of 1857 he entered political life, and was returned to represent Pontiac in the parliament of Canada; but parliament having been dissolved a short time thereafter, he never took his seat in the house. At the general election, which took place in 1858, he again presented himself for election, but was defeated. In 1867, however, he was called to the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec, and occupied a seat in this branch of the legislature until the 17th of August, 1887, when he resigned in favor of his son, George. Hon. Mr. Bryson takes an interest in Masonry, and is a member of the Dalhousie lodge, city of Ottawa. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church, and for a number of years has filled the office of elder in the same. In politics he is a moderate Reformer. He is one of the directors of the Bank of Ottawa. On the 4th March, 1845, he was married to Robina Cobb, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 20th September, 1815, and the fruit of this marriage has been seven children, four of whom are still living.

Richey, Rev. Matthew, D.D., an eminent minister of the Wesleyan Methodist connection, was born at Ramelton, in the north of Ireland, in 1803 or 1804, and came to America early in life. In 1820 he gave himself to the work of the ministry among the Methodists, and labored in New Brunswick. In 1821 his name appeared upon the minutes of conference as that of a probationer, and his first circuit was Newport, N.S. He was ordained and married in 1825, and was then sent to Parrsboro’, N.S., and subsequently he was appointed to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. In 1830, on account of the impaired state of Mrs. Richey’s health, he removed to Charleston, S.C., where the winter was spent. His popularity there was so great that, owing to the crowded state of the church in which he officiated, it was no uncommon thing for persons to go in the afternoon to the church in which he was to preach at night, and to remain supperless, for the evening service. He returned to Nova Scotia in 1831 and spent three years in Halifax. In 1835 he was appointed to Montreal, and here, as in his former spheres of labor, he speedily won, and permanently held, the love and admiration of the people to whom he ministered. In 1836, the “Upper Canada Academy,” since changed to Victoria College, was to be opened, and Mr. Richey was proffered the position of principal. He consequently removed to Cobourg, where he remained until 1839; the academy, under his charge, acquiring a high and influential character in the public estimation. While at Cobourg he received from the Middleton (Conn.), Wesleyan University, the degree of M.A., and it was here that he wrote “A Memoir of the late Rev. William Black,” including an account of the rise and progress of Methodism in Nova Scotia, etc. From Cobourg he was transferred to Toronto, remaining there from 1839 to 1843, at which time circumstances led to the severance of the connection between the British and Canadian sections of Methodism, which had existed from 1834. In 1840 Mr. Richey accompanied the Rev. Joseph Stinson, president of the Conference, to England, on a visit rendered necessary by the new order of affairs; and in 1841 he was again delegated to attend the British Conference, accompanied by the Rev. E. Evans. The results of those visits were eminently satisfactory to Wesleyans in connection with the British Conference. From 1843 to 1845, Mr. Richey was stationed at Kingston, then the seat of government. In 1842 he was appointed chairman of the Canada West District and general superintendent of Missions. In 1845 he was placed in Montreal as minister of great St. James street church, and chairman of the Canada East District. During this incumbency he received the honorary degree of D.D. from the Middleton Wesleyan University. To the official responsibilities of the Montreal district were added the superintendency of Missions in the Hudson’s Bay territory. In 1846 Dr. Richey was a Canadian delegate to the London Evangelical Alliance, and the following year he again crossed the Atlantic to attend the British Conference. A better understanding between the sections of British and Canadian Methodists was being arrived at, and as the result, articles of union were agreed upon in 1847. In 1848 he again removed to Toronto, attended the General Conference of the M. E. Church at Pittsburg, and was appointed president of the Canada Conference. In the autumn of 1849 he was thrown from his carriage, and never entirely recovered from the effects of the fall. Early in 1850 he removed to Windsor, N.S., and enjoyed the repose of a country life until the following year, when, after a visit to England and France, he again took up his residence at Halifax, was appointed chairman of the Nova Scotia West District, and so continued until 1855, when the Conference of Eastern British America, comprising Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, the Bermudas, and Newfoundland, was formed, with the Rev. Dr. Beechman as president, and Dr. Richey as codelegate. That year he visited Newfoundland on official duty, and at a later period spent a short time in Bermuda. In 1856 he was appointed president, and held that office until 1860, when, as the result of an aggravation of his malady, it became necessary for him to occupy a supernumerary relation. He again visited England, and on his return in 1861, he was appointed to St. John, N.B. From 1864 to 1867 was spent in Charlottetown, as chairman of the Prince Edward Island District, and in the last named year he was again president of the Conference of E. B. America. In 1868 he attended the General Conference of the M. E. Church in Chicago, and in July of the same year he again visited the British Conference. But his condition now rendered it necessary for him to retire from active labor, and he spent the remaining years of his life under the guardianship and affectionate solicitude of family and friends. On the 17th October, 1883, he was seized by paralysis and lingered until the following Tuesday, Oct. 24th. Thus passed away one of the foremost divines in the great Methodist denomination, to whose ripe scholarship, rare theological attainments, and commanding eloquence, as well as to his abundant and useful labors, frequent reference is found in Methodistic records.

Desjardins, Lieutenant-Colonel Louis George, M.P.P. for Montmorency, Levis, Quebec, was born at St. Jean Port Joli, County of L’Islet, on 12th May, 1849. He is the son of the late François Desjardins. He received his education at Levis college, where the training was of the very best kind to fit a young man for the active duties of life. He became a journalist, and in that profession has held a number of positions of influence in relation to the newspaper press. He was for several years editor-in-chief of Le Canadien (Quebec), one of the most influential of French-Canadian papers. On the 3rd February, 1873, he married Aurélie, daughter of the late C. Lachance, of Levis. His interest in militia affairs was always keen. He has his title of lieutenant-colonel as commanding officer of the 17th battalion volunteer militia. Lieutenant-Colonel Desjardins first entered active political life in 1881, when he was elected to represent his present constituency in the House of Assembly of the province. He gave a strong and able support to the Chapleau ministry, which was then in power, and subsequently to the different administrations following, until the defeat of the Conservatives at the last general election. In that election Lieutenant-Colonel Desjardins was again returned. As a journalist and public speaker, Mr. Desjardins is possessed of remarkable power. His knowledge of political affairs is both wide and accurate, and his writing, especially, shows that conscious power which comes of full knowledge of the subject with which he deals.

Hamilton, Hon. Charles Edward, Q.C., Attorney-General of Manitoba, was born at Upnor Castle, near Chatham, England, on the 25th of March, 1844. His parents came to Canada with their family when the subject of this sketch was but four years old; his father, the late Captain Hamilton, being commandant at Isle-aux-noix, Quebec. They settled afterwards in St. Catharines, where he was educated. After receiving a sound education, he entered upon the study of the law, being articled in the office of Hon. J. G. Currie, then speaker of the Legislative Assembly. He was so successful in his study of the law that when only twenty-one he was called to the bar, when he entered actively upon the practice of his profession. Mr. Hamilton was an ardent member of the volunteer force, and even in his early twenties held a commission as captain in the 44th Welland battalion. During the Fenian troubles of 1871, when it was believed that the marauders from the American side of the river would repeat their incursion of five years before, the 44th Battalion was among those called out, and Captain Hamilton, on that occasion, was given charge of two companies. Mr. Hamilton went to Winnipeg in February, 1881, and was called to the bar of that province in May of the same year. He took part in founding the firm of Aikins, Culver & Hamilton, which quickly took a foremost place in the ranks of the legal profession in Winnipeg. In 1885, Mr. Hamilton was elected mayor of the city, and in the same year was nominated as the ministerial candidate to contest Winnipeg South for the local legislature, his opponent being Mr. W. F. Luxton, one of the leaders of the ex-opposition. The contest was an exceedingly keen one, and one that attracted wide attention. Mr. Hamilton was successful. He became a member of the executive council, holding the portfolio of attorney-general in the same year. In the last general election Mr. Hamilton was returned for Shoal Lake. Mr. Norquay’s government resigned on the 23rd of December, 1887, and Dr. Harrison was called upon to form a government. Mr. Hamilton was sworn in on the 26th of December, 1887, as attorney-general of the new government. He was one of the two representatives of the Manitoba government at the later provincial conference, hon. John Norquay, then premier, being the head of the deputation. In everything pertaining to the industrial development of the city and the province, Mr. Hamilton has taken a deep interest. He is a director of the Commercial Bank of Manitoba, and a director also of the Manitoba Mortgage and Investment Company. In 1884 Mr. Hamilton married Miss Alma Ashworth, daughter of Mr. John Ashworth, cashier of the Post Office department, Ottawa. His church relations are with the Presbyterian denomination. In his profession, Mr. Hamilton has been most successful, the call to the high position of attorney-general being a deserved tribute to his legal attainments. His career as a public man has been such as to win for him not only the enthusiastic regard of his supporters, but also the esteem and respect of his opponents, and, though in an arena so small as the political field of Manitoba, personal issues are too apt to be forced to the front, those who oppose him are compelled, by the purity of his record, to do so on public grounds.

Campbell, Hon. William, Farmer and Millowner, Park Corner, Prince Edward Island, was born at Park Corner on 12th January, 1836. He is the eighth son of the late James Campbell, of Park Corner, New London, P.E.I. His mother, Elizabeth Montgomery, of Princetown, was a sister of the Hon. Senator Montgomery. Hon. Mr. Campbell is descended from the Breadalbane Campbells on the paternal side, and from the Camerons of Lochiel on the maternal side. His grandfather came to Prince Edward Island in 1773, from Breadalbane, in Perthshire, Scotland, with Governor Paterson, a military officer. Mr. Campbell received his education in his native parish. He has taken a very active interest in military affairs, and has held the commissions of captain, major, and is now lieutenant-colonel of Queen’s county militia. On entering political life, he was elected to the House of Assembly for Queen’s First Division in 1873, on the resignation of the sitting member; and three years later, he was re-elected as a supporter of free schools. In 1879, he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and became a member of the Sullivan cabinet, without a portfolio. In March following, he was appointed minister of public works, and on appealing to his constituents was elected by acclamation. He was also commissioner of the government stock farm. Again, at the general election held in 1882, he was returned, and continued a member of the government, as minister of public works, until 1st February, 1887, when he resigned this office to run as a candidate for the House of Commons at Ottawa for Queen’s county, but failed to secure his election. While in parliament he took an active part in the discussion of the leading questions of the times—notably the land question, free schools, reduction of the provincial expenditure, etc. Hon. Mr. Campbell, in religion, belongs to the Presbyterian church, and to the Conservative party in politics. He was married first, in 1864, to Elizabeth McLeod, of New London, and second, in February, 1873, to Elizabeth L. Sutherland, daughter of the late John S. Sutherland, of Caithness-shire, Scotland.

Bowser, Rev. Alexander Thomas, B.D., Pastor of First Unitarian Church, Toronto, was born in Sackville, New Brunswick, February 20, 1848. His parents, Robert and Jane (Kirk) Bowser were respectively of English and Scotch descent. Alexander was the sixth child of a family of twelve (six boys and six girls). In 1864 he left home to enter a store in the town of Moncton, as clerk; but wishing for the greater advantages of life in a large city, he soon afterwards went to Boston, Massachusetts, where, in connection with business, he was able to pursue the course of study at the Latin High School; and in 1873 was matriculated as Freshman at Harvard College, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts in regular course, in 1877; and three years later (1880), on graduating from the Divinity School, he received the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. Mr. Bowser’s first year in the ministry was devoted to mission work in St. Louis, Missouri. Here, on 2nd May, 1881, he was ordained to the Christian ministry in the Church of the Messiah (Unitarian), the venerable Chancellor of Washington University, Rev. W. G. Eliot, D.D., giving the charge to the young preacher and offering the prayer of ordination, and the Rev. John Snyder, pastor of the Church of the Messiah, giving him the right hand of fellowship. Mr. Bowser now spent two years in Evansville, Indiana, as the representative of the American Unitarian Association; but his influence soon extended beyond his denominational work into public affairs, many of his Sunday evening lectures being printed in full in the daily papers. The general character of these lectures may be inferred from a few of the subjects treated, such as “The need of Conscience in Public Affairs,” “Coffee Houses versus Liquor Saloons,” “Why the Chinese should not be excluded from the United States.” Having presented the Evansville Public Library with a number of Unitarian publications, the trustees were so well pleased with the books that they requested him to prepare a list of such works as he would wish them to purchase for the library, and the result was that nearly 300 volumes of the latest religious and scientific thought were placed upon their shelves. In January, 1884, Mr. Bowser was called to the pastorate of the Third Congregational (Unitarian) Church of Hingham, Massachusetts, one of the oldest and most influential Societies in New England, numbering among its members General Lincoln, who was secretary of war under Washington; John Albion Andrew, who was Governor of Massachusetts during the civil war, and ex-Governor John D. Long, who is now (1888) member of Congress for that district. This important position Mr. Bowser held for three years, winning the respect and love not only of his own parish, but of the community at large; but on receiving an invitation from the First Unitarian Congregation of Toronto, he felt that it was a call from heaven to carry the beautiful and soul-inspiring truths of Unitarian Christianity to his own people of Canada, where these principles are not so well known as in Massachusetts. Accordingly, he resigned, and on the last Sunday in January, 1887, took charge of the church in Toronto. Mr. Bowser was brought up in the Methodist church, and first became interested in Unitarianism while pursuing his studies preparatory to entering Harvard College. He was at the time an earnest worker in one of the Methodist churches in Boston, when suddenly a charge of Unitarian heresy was brought against him, though he had no idea himself, at the time, that he was in sympathy with their peculiar views of religion. This, however, awakened his interest, and he began to inquire about the principles of this body, and was told by one of their ministers to read the New Testament and see for himself what Jesus and the Apostles taught, and he would find the Unitarian doctrine. This he did with earnest care for several years, and having failed to find a single passage in which it is distinctly stated that Jesus was God, or the Second Person in the Trinity, but on the other hand, finding the essential principles of Unitarianism stated in the most explicit language everywhere throughout the Bible, he became a Unitarian, and claims that he is one simply and only because it is the religion of Jesus Christ and the early Christians. Mr. Bowser regards his residence in St. Louis as one of the most important periods of his life, as it was there that he first met Miss Adelaide Prescott Reed, to whom he was united in marriage in April, 1884. Mr. Bowser is a member of the Masonic fraternity, was Chaplain of the Old Colony Lodge of Hingham, and is now (1888) Chaplain of St. Andrew’s Lodge of Toronto.

Black, Charles Allan, M.D., Amherst, Nova Scotia, was born August 23rd, 1844, at Salem, Cumberland county, N.S. The family is Scotch originally, the founder in this country being William Black, who came from Huddersfield, England, to Nova Scotia in 1774. Our subject’s father was Hazen Black, son of Thomas, who was grandson of William above-mentioned. The pioneer, William Black, was born in Paisley, Scotland, in 1727, whence he migrated to England and thence to Nova Scotia. Upon landing in Halifax with his wife and five children he travelled inland about one hundred and thirty miles, and settled on a large fertile farming area near enough to Fort Cumberland to hear the cannonading. This fort was one of the last military strongholds relinquished by the French when Nova Scotia was ceded to the British. The farm he selected is situated within one mile of the now large town of Amherst, and is still occupied by some of his descendants. Hazen Black, father of our subject, married Martha Ann, second daughter of John Bent, Salem, in the above-named county, who was a farmer of some note. They had five children, two sons and three daughters, whose names were as follow: Charles Allan, John Botsford, Augusta, Laura, and Ada. All are living except Laura, who died in her 13th year. Charles Allan, the eldest and the subject of this sketch, was educated at the grammar school of Amherst, finishing his studies at Sackville (N.B.) Academy, now Mount Allison University. After leaving college he decided in favour of the profession of a druggist and entered as a student under Dr. Nathan Tupper (brother of Sir Charles Tupper), in Amherst, N.S., where he remained throe years, when he decided to study for the medical profession. He graduated from the Pennsylvania University, Philadelphia, in March, 1867, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, being then in his 23rd year. He commenced practice at Sackville, N.B., but soon removed to Amherst, N.S., where he had spent his early school days and student life. Here he has continued to enjoy a successful practice for over twenty years. He was appointed a coroner for the county of Cumberland in 1881. He became a member of the Orange society in 1863, and continued a member in good standing while the society existed. He is an active member of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and has great love and attachment for that Order. He joined it in 1865, and has continued a member ever since; held all the offices in the subordinate lodge. Is a past grand counsellor and past grand treasurer in the grand lodge for Nova Scotia; held the latter office for four successive years. He was present at the grand lodge session at Liverpool, N.S., when this Order split on the Negro question in 1876. Although the grand lodge carried the resolution to secede by a large majority he was one of the small minority of seven who decided to remain loyal to the original right worthy grand lodge. Ten years after this, when the bodies became again re-united he was present at the marriage. Prior to 1886 he had always been in close sympathy with the Liberal-Conservative party, but at that time he espoused the “Third Party” movement and is an uncompromising supporter of it, believing that the prohibition of the liquor traffic in Canada can only be obtained through the medium of a distinct political party. When that party was organized in Cumberland county, in January, 1887, he was appointed on the executive committee, his colleagues being such well known workers as C. R. Casey, E. B. Elderkin, J. W. Hickman, J. A. Simpson, Rufus Hicks, Revds. Joseph Coffin, J. B. Giles, and others. In the Dominion elections held in February of that year, J. T. Bulmer, of Halifax, was the candidate of the new party. After a very heated contest, Sir Charles Tupper, finance minister, being the Conservative candidate, and Hon. W. T. Pipes, ex-Premier of Nova Scotia, the Liberal, Mr. Bulmer polled 206 votes. These were recorded for a “principle.” This was the first instance in Canada where a pure and simple prohibition candidate was placed in the field for federal parliamentary honours, but it did not remain so long. The election alluded to having been set aside by the courts, Mr. Bulmer again contested the constituency in the interest of the new party. Sir Charles Tupper was his only opponent this time, November, 1887, the Liberal party not putting a candidate forward. Dr. Black and others took the field and the result was that the 206 votes of February became 1,026 in November. Dr. Black is a member of the Methodist church, and has always been an attendant upon its ministry, though it was not until 1884 he identified himself as a member of that body. He married in January, 1871, Sarah E., second daughter of the Rev. George F. Miles, then pastor of the Baptist church, Amherst, by whom he had one daughter. Two months after their baby was born his wife contracted inflammation of the lungs, which developing into consumption, caused her death in May, 1873. His little daughter followed her mother when about five years old, being ill only two days. On the 14th of September, 1881, he married Elizabeth B., eldest daughter of Capt. John K. Elderkin, ex-custos of the Court of Sessions for Cumberland county, N.S. By this marriage he has issue one son, Vaughan Elderkin Black, born September 28th, 1884. Dr. Black, besides practising his profession, has indulged in outside speculations with varying success. In 1877, by the death of a professional brother, a valuable drug stand was put in the market. This he bought and fitted up with all modern improvements putting a competent man in charge. Dr. Black has given his profession that close and careful attention which is always necessary to become a successful practitioner, and success has abundantly crowned his endeavours. In his early days he made himself acquainted with the facts as to how far alcohol or any of its compounds were medicinal or required in the treatment of human ailments. From study, experience, and observation, he was forced to the conclusions that much of the previous medical teachings as to the therapeutical powers of this drug were fallacious, that medical virtues were ascribed to alcohol which it did not possess, and that in a very large percentage of diseases it lessened the vital energies instead of giving tone and strength as was taught in earlier days. Being independent in character, and determined to act upon principle, in contradistinction to policy, he frequently met with difficulty upon this point with his medical confrères in consultation, etc. Not only had he opposition from his professional brethren, but the effect of this pernicious teaching among the masses was so deep-rooted that no household in the early days of his practice was thought complete without a little gin or whiskey “the panacea for every ailment that the flesh was heir to.” Opinions have changed since those days and are still rapidly changing, and the drug, alcohol, is now prescribed more in accordance with scientific teaching. Personally Dr. Black is a genial companion, a faithful friend and self-sacrificing to a degree. It goes without saying that he is beloved even by those who do not agree with all his opinions, and by those who do he has their confidence and love to an unlimited extent.

Richard, Rev. Canon Louis, A.M., Prefect of Studies, College of Three Rivers, Three Rivers, province of Quebec, was born on the 30th November, 1838, in the parish of St. Grégoire-le-Grand, county of Nicolet, province of Quebec. His father, Jean Noel Richard, a farmer, was one of the descendants of the unhappy Acadians exiled from their country by the British, and whose sufferings have been so eloquently depicted by Longfellow in his masterpiece, “Evangeline.” After the fall of Beauséjour, in the eastern part of what is to-day New Brunswick, the inhabitants left the smoking ruins of their humble homes, and took the road to exile, with whatever chattels they were able to save from the rapacity of the victors, rather than swear allegiance to the new masters. A portion of the Acadians were sent to Louisiana, to Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts, and the remainder, among whom were his ancestors, emigrated to the province of Quebec. Jean Noel Richard settled in the district of Three Rivers, and eventually married Marie Madelaine Massé, a descendant of a French family which had settled in the same district at the outset of the colony. The subject of our sketch began a classical course of studies under the guidance of Moise Laplante—a man remarkable for his learning and ability as a teacher—and completed his course in 1859, at the seminary of Nicolet. Being instinctively drawn towards ecclesiastical life, and feeling convinced his vocation was in that direction, he studied theology in the same seminary until 1860, when the College of Three Rivers was founded. The attention of the Bishop of Three Rivers, Monseigneur Cooke, having been called to the young divinity student, he appointed him a professor in the new institution of learning, and henceforth his life was devoted to the noble work of education, and his influence and energy were exerted on behalf of the new College, in the golden book of which establishment his name will be engraved. On the 25th of September, 1864, he was ordained priest, and successively discharged the duties of the following offices to the entire satisfaction of all concerned:—Director in 1865; purveyor in 1867, and prefect of studies at the same time; pro-superior from 1870 to 1880; from 1880 to 1886 we find him occupying the responsible position of superior; at the present time (1887) he is prefect of studies. His aim has ever been to place the college over which he presided during so many years in the very front rank of the institutions of learning in the country. On the 25th June, 1883, the authorities of Laval University of Quebec, wishing to reward the devotion displayed by the Rev. Mr. Richard, and the services he had rendered as a teacher to the cause of education in Canada, granted him the degree of A.M. His ordinary, Right Rev. Bishop Laflèche, in recognition of his social qualities, honored him, on the 11th of September, 1884, with the title of canon to the chapter of the Cathedral of Three Rivers. In June, 1885, Rev. Father Richard conceived the idea of calling together all the old pupils of the College of Three Rivers, in order to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the foundation of the institution. He met with a hearty response, and the result was a brilliant gathering of men who had achieved success in the different walks of life they had chosen. On that occasion Father Richard published a very interesting book of 530 pages, entitled “Histoire du Collége des Trois Rivières,” a work which should be in the hands of all those who take an interest in the dissemination of good books. In common with the clergy of the diocese of Three Rivers, Rev. Mr. Richard is an ardent and devout believer in the integrity of the dogmas and fundamental principles of the Roman Catholic church, believing that mankind can and shall be saved only by coming into the church established by Jesus Christ himself, i.e., the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman church, represented on earth by his Holiness the Pope, and out of which there is no possible salvation, no possible future state of bliss, either for individuals or for society.

Tourangeau, Adolphe G., Postmaster, Ex-Mayor, and Ex-M.P. for Quebec, was born in Quebec city on the 15th January, 1831. He is the son of the late Jean G. Tourangeau, J.P., of Quebec, notary public, who for many years was elected alderman for Quebec, and grandson of Jean Tourangeau, merchant, who left considerable property, still in the possession of his descendants. One of these properties was purchased from the Dumont family, and upon it there stood the historical Dumont’s mill at the very place where is now the splendid monument erected to the memory of the English and French heroes who fell at the celebrated battle of St. Foye, 1760. Mr. Tourangeau’s great grandfather emigrated from La Touraine, France, to settle in Canada, after serving in the French navy. His grandmother, on his father’s side, was a woman of superior intellect, whose father, Bidégaré, had emigrated from Bayonne, France, and having some means, built and opened a fancy leather factory (mégisserie) near the place where Arogo street runs into St. Vallier street, Quebec. The building being protected by the high cliff close behind, a body of American troops took possession of it during the war of 1775, and established their quarters there; but the constant firing and shelling from the Palais batteries destroyed the building, and with it the fortune of its proprietor. This attempt to manufacture leather may be considered as the first serious one of the kind in Canada. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Quebec seminary and Quebec High School, studied law under the Hon. Louis Panet, and followed the law course of Laval University from its opening to the time he was admitted to the practice of the notarial profession, in 1855; was at different times elected a member of the Board of Notaries for the province of Quebec, and appointed notary for the corporation of Quebec by the vote of the council. He executed the deed of transfer of the North Shore railway, also the waterworks contract. He held this position until he resigned, in 1883, to accept the postmastership of Quebec, offered to him by the Dominion government. He is lieutenant-colonel of militia for the electoral division of Quebec East, and a justice of the peace. Mr. Tourangeau was elected mayor of the city of Quebec four times; first by a very large majority of the council, and three times afterwards by the people, twice unanimously, and the fourth time, in 1869, by a very large majority. He was twice elected to represent Quebec East in the House of Commons; first in 1870, after a spirited contest, and by acclamation at the general elections of 1872. He was defeated by a small majority in 1864, when he was put in nomination, against his will, to represent the Stadacona Division in the Legislative Council. He had been defeated by a small majority in 1863, when put in nomination for the county of Montmorency against the late Hon. Joseph Cauchon. He allowed himself to be nominated for Quebec East in 1877 against the present leader of the opposition at Ottawa, Hon. Wilfrid Laurier, then a minister in the Mackenzie government, and was defeated by a small majority, after the severest contest possible, wherein both political parties took a very active part, it being considered as a test case between the two political parties. He was a member of the Quebec Harbor Commission, and, as such, did a great deal to improve the harbor, and later, when in parliament, successfully recommended to the government, in a strong business speech, the necessity of consolidating the debt and securing the bonds, in order to raise more capital to proceed with the works, without adding much to the interest that had then to be paid. He was a director of the North Shore railway, and one of the few who attended the first meeting held to revive the charter of that company; was a director of the Gosford (afterwards the Lake St. John) railway; was a provisional director of the Stadacona Bank, whose charter he had secured through parliament. It was while Mr. Tourangeau was mayor, and with his assistance, that the present steam ferry between Quebec and Levis was established, by means of a contract, drafted by himself. During his regime the street railway was first operated in Quebec, the contract being drafted by himself, and the fire alarm telegraph was decided upon after an inspection of the same in Montreal. All the acts concerning the incorporation of the city of Quebec were consolidated and amended, the city debt was consolidated, the fiscal year was made to agree with house rents, and the finances of the city were placed on a sound basis. Other important reforms were effected. Besides practising as a notary, Mr. Tourangeau did business as a broker and insurance agent for some years till he went back to politics, and having the advantage of being favorably known, and of knowing personally the character and standing of mostly every one in Quebec, met with great success. In 1865 and 1866 Mr. Tourangeau went into the brewing business, under the name and firm of Tourangeau, Lloyd & Co., but afterwards withdrew, owing to the sharp competition, which brought ruin on those who persisted in it. Mr. Tourangeau was married in 1861 to Victoria A. Jourdain, daughter of Augustus Jourdain, who died in Quebec in 1840, after being for many years the librarian of the then Executive Council of Lower Canada. Mr. Tourangeau is a man with broad views, who always enjoyed the respect and esteem of all classes, irrespective of creed or nationality. In politics he gave his support to the Liberal party, either as a candidate or in favor of Liberal candidates, until his fourth election as mayor, in 1869, when several of the Liberal leaders went with the Conservatives against him, and from that date Mr. Tourangeau withdrew his confidence in the Liberal party, and gave it to the Conservatives, but in an independent way, voting against them when not in sympathy with his principles. He was in favor of confederation at the time, and voted for the admission of Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and the North-West Territories into the Union. A great event in the life of Mr. Tourangeau and the history of Quebec was the besieging of the city hall while he was mayor. Several unsuccessful attempts had been made to substitute commissioners appointed by the government for the mayor and council, elected by the people; but at the session of 1869 to 1870 the adversaries of Mr. Tourangeau managed to get a majority of Parliament to decide, notwithstanding the energetic protests of the citizens of Quebec, that a new election must take place. The mayor and councillors, who a few days before had been elected by the people, to be subject to a new election, and the mayor to be elected by the councillors, who would be the outcome of this new election. Acting upon the advice of the city attorney, L. G. Baillairgé, Q.C., the Hon. G. O’Kill Stuart, Q.C., and other prominent lawyers, Mr. Tourangeau kept possession of the city hall, and allowed no one in, in order to prevent the new councillors from entering the place and electing another mayor. An informal election, however, took place outside, and for some time the city had two mayors. A writ against Mr. Tourangeau did not succeed, and he declared that he would rather be starved to death than give up his rights. Thereupon the chief of police was ordered to break in the doors and take possession of the city hall in the name of the new mayor and councillors. The chief of police declared that he was legally advised not to do this, but that he would obey if this order was given him in writing. No one consenting to do this, twelve men belonging to the rowdy element, were hired for the purpose, and did the work, to the great disgust of the citizens, who had full confidence in Mr. Tourangeau, whom they elected five weeks after to represent them in the House of Commons.

Carswell, James, Renfrew, President of the South Renfrew Agricultural Society, was born in 1837, in the township of Pakenham, in the county of Lanark, Ontario. His parents were Scotch, and emigrated from Glasgow, settling in the above township many years ago. Mr. Carswell received his education in the common school of his native place, and while still in his teens started out in the lumbering business, first as foreman and clerk to Jonathan Francis, whose rafts of square timber he frequently accompanied to the port of Quebec. In 1866, he removed to Renfrew, and embarked in business with Messrs. Thistle and Francis in the limits on the Madawaska. This firm having sold out their business in this locality to Jonathan Francis, purchased limits on the Petawawa, and there carried on operations under the name of Thistle & Carswell. This arrangement was continued for several years, when Mr. Francis became one of the partnership, each of the partners being equally interested in the now combined business on the Madawaska and the Petawawa. In 1884, J. H. Francis purchased his father’s interest in the business, and then the firm of Francis, Carswell & Co. built the fine saw-mill at Calabogie. After two years, J. H. Francis sold out his interest to Edward Mackay, of Renfrew, and the firm name was changed to Carswell, Thistle & Mackay, and under this name operations are now carried on. Although thus busily engaged in lumbering operations, Mr. Carswell has found time to devote considerable attention, as a pastime, to the cultivation of the large farm which lies around and below his handsome residence, which stands prominently on the hill top, overlooking the village. The farm, by purchase after purchase, has grown to large dimensions, and extends from the residence right down to the banks of the Bonnechere. By careful and judicious, though liberal, expenditure, Mr. Carswell has brought this property into excellent producing condition; and by employing a number of men and availing himself of all the improvements in machinery, is able to enjoy the life of a “gentleman farmer,” with probably more profit than usually falls to the fate of that class of agriculturists. Mr. Carswell’s most active public duties have probably been in connection with the Agricultural Society, to the advancement of the interests of which he has devoted both his time and his money. And when we state that he is ever ready to take vigorous hold of work in connection with the institutions in which he holds either membership or office, it will be readily understood why for the last eight years he has been unanimously re-elected president. But he has also an open heart for the general good in other ways. He gave to the Renfrew Lacrosse Club at a nominal price five acres of valuable property adjoining the centre of the village, on the condition that it was to be always and only used for the purposes of healthful recreation by the young men of the neighborhood. Mr. Carswell was for two years a member of the Renfrew village council, but declined to act after that time, though hard pressed to do so. He has been for years a valuable member of the business committee of the Presbyterian church, and though offered he declined the proffered position of elder in the same denominational body. And in the matter of politics, if he has not taken any very prominent part, it is certainly not the fault of his friends, who time after time have pressed him to accept the nomination for both houses as the candidate of the Conservative party. This honor, however, he has steadily refused to accept, though his personal popularity would undoubtedly have made him a very strong candidate. Altogether, Mr. Carswell comes under the head of a “good citizen,” whose character and heart have not been spoiled by the somewhat dangerous endowments of riches and success in life. He was married, in 1865, to Jane White, of Fitzroy, and the union has been blessed with nine children, six sons and three daughters, six of whom, three boys and three girls, are living.

Norquay, Hon. John, Ex-President of the Council, Secretary of the Railway Commissioners, and Ex-Premier of the province of Manitoba, was born in St. Andrews, Manitoba, on the 8th of May, 1841. Mr. Norquay is not only a native of Manitoba, but he has a strain of Indian blood in his veins, and is all the more remarkable, therefore, as being not only the greatest man the province ever produced, but as standing on a plane in point of ability in public affairs high above that occupied by any resident of the province up to this time. Mr. Norquay first came to the front after the troublesome times of 1869-70 when the first Riel rebellion set the whole country on fire with anxiety and excitement. His peculiar position as one in whom both half-breeds and whites could have confidence, together with a forcible way of stating sound and moderate views made him the centre of the common ground upon which all soon agreed to stand, and marked him out as a leader. He was made Minister of Public Works in the first ministry after the settlement of the troubles in 1871, and from that time until the present he has had an almost uninterrupted career of ministerial successes. He stood for the Commons in Marquette, in 1872, but was defeated. This contest, however, did not affect his position as a provincial representative. In the Assembly, he sat for High Bluff, from 1870 to 1874, but since then he continuously represented St. Andrews, being three times elected by acclamation and twice by large majorities. He resigned, with his colleagues, in 1874, but became Provincial Secretary in the following year, in the Davis administration, and resumed the office of Public Works in 1876. Two years later he became Premier, being the head of what was known as the Norquay-Royal Administration in which he held the portfolio of treasurer. Mr. Royal, differing with his leader on a question of public policy, resigned, as did also Mr. Delorme, Minister of Agriculture. Two English-speaking members of the government were appointed, but after the general election of 1879, in which he was sustained, Mr. Norquay was able to fill the place with two French-speaking members. This administration has held power since, though changes have been made in its membership which leaves Mr. Norquay the only member who has held a place in it from the first. Mr. Norquay has held several different portfolios at different times, but always retained the lead, being always the dominating power of the province. Under his rule Manitoba has grown from a straggling settlement along the Red River to a province of great size and marvellous industrial development. His vigorous and far-sighted policy in relation to railways has caused the extension of important lines to all parts of the province including the first forty miles of the Hudson’s Bay road which Manitobans fondly believe some day will give them access to their own sea coast on the “Mediterranean of America,” the vast inland ocean of Hudson’s Bay. Within the last few months the province has been in a ferment over the demand of a portion of the people for the building of a line from Winnipeg southward to connect at the American boundary with a branch of the Northern Pacific Railway. Mr. Norquay, true to his record, championed this course and sought, by every means in his power, to secure the construction of the road. The Dominion government, with the general policy of which Mr. Norquay is in accord, sought in every way to block this enterprise, and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, whose monopoly was threatened, also opposed it. Notwithstanding Mr. Norquay’s utmost efforts, the opposition he met from all sides prevented the sale on fair terms of the provincial bonds, with the proceeds of which it was intended to construct the road. The original contractors withdrew, but another firm stood ready to assume the contract, on condition that a margin of cash was placed in the hands of responsible parties. The citizens of Winnipeg were appealed to for the necessary advance, and steps were taken to raise the money, but owing to the intrigues of a faction, who adopted this means to promote their own political ends, the negotiations were rendered abortive, and the construction of the road is postponed, at least until the summer of 1888. Mr. Norquay and Mr. Hamilton, attorney-general, were the only delegates from Manitoba to the Inter-Provincial conference, to whose deliberations he brought the results of his long experience and great ability. Owing mainly to complications arising out of the failure to build the railway within the season, it was deemed inadvisable to attempt to carry on the government as then constituted; Hon. Mr. Norquay and Hon. Mr. Lariviere therefore resigned their places in the administration, which has since been reorganized, with Hon. Mr. Harrison as Premier. Mr. Norquay announces himself as a supporter of the ministry thus constituted. The ex-Premier of Manitoba owes his long continuance in power to a combination of talents, prominent among which are moderation, boldness tempered with judgment, eloquence and the capacity for ceaseless work.

Brock, Rev. Isaac, M.A. (Oxford), D.D., Canon, of St. Luke’s Cathedral, Halifax; President of King’s College, Nova Scotia, was born near Winchester, Hants, England, in 1829. His father was the Rev. William Brock, M.A., rector of Bishops Waltham, Hants, and a native of the Isle of Guernsey; his mother belonged to the family of Gossett, and was a native of the adjoining Island of Jersey. The father of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock (the hero of Upper Canada), and father of our subject’s grandfather (Rev. Thomas Brock, M.A., rector of St. Pierre du Bois, Guernsey) were brothers, so that Sir Isaac Brock was first cousin to our subject’s grandfather. Canon Brock was educated at Clifton school, York, and Queen’s college, Oxford. He graduated, in 1851 with first class honors in mathematics. He was ordained in the diocese of Tuam, Ireland: deacon in 1852; priest in 1853; was missionary of the Irish Church Missions in Connemara and Galway, 1852-1858. He was secretary of the Islington Protestant Institute (London), 1858-1861; incumbent of the Jews’ Episcopal Chapel, Palestine place, Bethnal Green, 1861-1866; rector of the Chapel of Ease, Lower Holloway, London N., 1866-1868; principal of Huron College, London, Ontario, 1868-1872; rector of Galt, Ontario, 1872-1873; assistant rector of Sherbrooke, Quebec, 1873-1882; rector of Bishop’s College School, Lennoxville, 1882-1883; rector of Londonderry, N.S., 1883-1885. In August, 1885, our subject was appointed by the Board of Governors of King’s College, acting president of that institution and professor of divinity in the same. May 1st, 1886, he was installed as canon of St. Luke’s Cathedral, Halifax, N.S., by the late Bishop of Nova Scotia, the Right Rev. Hibbert Binney, D.D., and on the 8th of June of the same year was made president of King’s College, which position he now holds. Canon Brock is an intensely loyal Churchman, and ever ready to defend and propagate the principles of the English branch of the Holy Catholic church. He married, in Dublin in 1855, Ruby Roberta, eldest daughter of Thomas Crawford Butler, of Carlow, Ireland, and has issue living three sons and three daughters. Canon Brock is known in the theologico-literary world by a volume of sermons, published in England, on the Apostles’ Creed, and which attracted considerable attention. Since his arrival in Canada he has also published several detached sermons and addresses upon the following, amongst other, subjects, viz.:—“The English Reformation,” “The Two Records; or, Geology and Genesis,” “The Modern Doctrine of Force and Belief in a Personal God,” “Apostolical Succession,” “The Anglican Doctrine of Holy Baptism.” That Canon Brock possesses peculiar fitness for the position he now so worthily fills may readily be imagined, for, to profound scholarship he adds a ripe experience, gained by contact with a variety of classes of his fellow beings in many quarters of the British dominions. The University of King’s College, of which he is president, is the oldest university of British origin in the colonial empire of our Queen, being founded by the first Bishop of Nova Scotia, the Right Rev. Charles Inglis, D.D., in A.D. 1788, the year after the latter’s consecration to the episcopate. Canon Brock apparently has yet many years of usefulness before him, being full of vigor and gives promise of reaching a ripe old age.

Fournier, Hon. Telesphore, Ottawa, Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada, was born in St. François, Riviére du Sud, Montmagny county, P.Q., in the year 1823. He received his education at Nicolet College, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1846. He practised his profession with success, having remarkable gifts, not only as a speaker, but in the mental grasp necessary to understand the bearings of the law upon any case brought to his attention. He held the honorable position of Bâtonnier of the Quebec bar, an office which has been an object of ambition with some of the greatest men the province has produced, and afterwards was made president of the general council of the bar of the province of Quebec. In 1863 he was made Queen’s counsel. Judge Fournier, like so many of the politicians of Quebec, had the training, not only of a legal practice, but also of editorial experience. From 1856 to 1858 inclusive, he was one of the editors of Le National newspaper, of Quebec, his writing attracting wide attention, because of its clear, original thought and vigorous method. In 1857, Mr. Fournier was married, his bride being Miss Deniers, of Quebec. He entered the arena of Dominion politics in August, 1870, when he was nominated as the Liberal candidate for Bellechasse, on M. Casault, the sitting member, being appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec. No other nominations were made, and Mr. Fournier was returned by acclamation. He continued to represent the same constituency as long as he remained in the House of Commons. Beginning his parliamentary career before dual representation was abolished, Mr. Fournier held a seat in the Legislative Assembly of his native province while still a member of the Dominion parliament. In 1871 he was elected to the Assembly for Montmagny, and held that position until 7th November, 1873, when he resigned. His resignation was made necessary by his being called to the Privy Council of the Dominion as a member of the Hon. Mr. Mackenzie’s cabinet. He took first, the portfolio of inland revenue, but on 8th July, 1874, was given a place of greater usefulness, to succeed the Hon. (now Sir) A. A. Dorion on the appointment of that gentleman to be chief justice of Quebec. As minister of justice, he introduced and conducted through Parliament the bill establishing the Supreme Court. This was no light task, for the measure was attacked, not only as being undesirable, but as being unconstitutional. In his defence of the measure, Mr. Fournier exhibited remarkable breadth of knowledge as well as great power as a debater. The Insolvent Act of 1875, one of the ablest efforts ever made to settle the vexed and complicated question of dealing with insolvent debtors, was also conducted through parliament by him. In May, 1875, he became postmaster general, but resigned that office in October following to take a judgeship in the Supreme Court. Judge Fournier is recognised by his colleagues and the public as one of the ablest men on the bench. His wide and accurate knowledge of the law of his native province, makes him a particularly valuable addition to the Supreme Court bench. He does not feel the trammels of legal traditions so much as to cause him to regard these rather than the ends of justice which they are intended to serve. At the same time, his fine legal insight enables him to decide upon broad grounds of principles or long-established practice points which minds less fully trained could only deal with by slavish following of precedent.

McHenry, Donald C., M.A., Principal of the Cobourg Collegiate Institute, Cobourg, Ont., was born in Napanee, Ont., in 1840. He is son of Alexander McHenry (from county Antrim, Ireland), and Ellen Campbell, daughter of Archibald Campbell, Adolphustown, county of Lennox, a descendant of the Campbells of Argyleshire. Mr. McHenry, senr., was for some years engaged in the timber business on the Ottawa, but subsequently he was in the dry-goods business in connection with his brother-in-law, Alexander Campbell, Napanee. He died in 1847, leaving a widow and three children, the eldest, the subject of this sketch; a daughter, now Mrs. Alexander Henry, Napanee, and Miss Nellie, still living with her mother in their native town. The father, about the time of his marriage, united with the Wesleyan Methodist church, of which he remained a faithful member until his death. Upon Mrs. McHenry devolved the arduous task of bringing up her three children; and any success they have attained, they are proud to say, they largely owe to their devoted Christian mother. D. C. McHenry received his early education in Napanee. When thirteen years of age he went to learn the printing business, soon became fairly acquainted with its details, and rose to the position of foreman in the office of the Standard. The printing office proved, indeed, a second school to him, and his spare hours were given to reading and study. He longed for a higher education, and when about nineteen years of age, he closed the door of the printing office to open that of the academy, as an eager student, under R. Phillips, head master, a man beloved by all who have ever been under his instruction. After remaining here a year or two, he was induced to undertake the management of a new paper started in Napanee by the McMullen Bros., of Picton. At the end of one year the paper was removed to Newburgh, seven miles distant, but after eight months Mr. McHenry returned to Napanee. A vacancy having occurred in the second position in the Grammar school, he was advised to apply for the appointment. He did so, and was soon an occupant of a teacher’s chair, in the school where he had lately been a pupil. The work of teaching proved congenial, and he was soon fixed in this as his probable life-work. His ambition led him to desire a university course, and with this in view he devoted himself assiduously to the study of classics, being aided in Latin, but getting up his Greek with very limited assistance. After six years of very successful work in this position, he resigned, in 1869, and left for Victoria College, from which he graduated in 1873. His course was one of close application and uniform success—first-class honours in classics and moderns—receiving the second Prince of Wales’ medal for general proficiency, and the scholarship for excellence in moderns. Five months prior to graduation he was offered, and accepted the classical mastership of Cobourg Collegiate Institute—a substitute being accepted in the meantime. After one year he was promoted to the principalship, which position he has filled for the past thirteen years. It was at this time (1874), that he was united in marriage to Alice, daughter of John Grange, of Napanee. His school was, for many years, about the only one that prepared students for Victoria, and notwithstanding the multiplication of institutes (from four to eighteen), it has held its own, and sent up for arts alone about two hundred and fifty during Mr. McHenry’s thirteen years, besides a large number for teachers’ examinations, for law, medicine, theology, etc. In regard to Mr. McHenry’s personal and professional qualities, we quote from testimonials of well-known educationists: —

(1.) Rev. Chancellor Nelles.—“He is an accurate scholar, a good disciplinarian, and a most successful teacher, and, indeed, has few if any equals in the general management of High school work.”

(2.) Rev. Dr. Burwash.—“It is not too much to say that in the teaching profession he has few equals in this province. Both as an editor of classical literature and as a writer on the science of teaching, he has proved himself a master in his work; while in the instruction of a class and in the organization and government of a large school he stands in the foremost rank of teachers. As a Christian gentleman, his life and personal character are a model for young men; while his quiet, dignified independence and energy commend universal respect.”

(3.) Dr. Haanel.—“His advice and counsel as a member of our senate has always been highly appreciated as sound, and calculated to advance real scholarship. Energetic and zealous in every good cause, Mr. McHenry has long been an important factor in educational and social circles here.”

(4.) Dr. Burns, Hamilton.—“One of the most successful educators of our country. His scholarship is broad and reliable. Although a comparatively young man, he has secured a status among educators that he may well be proud of. His record is an exceedingly honourable one, both for talent, success, and personal character. Socially, he would be an acquisition to any circle.”

Mr. McHenry’s is one of those cases where a boy or young man has had the advantages arising from being early thrown upon his own resources. What he has accomplished or attained is evidently the result of personal energy and self-reliance.

Allard, Joseph Victor, Berthierville, Quebec, was born at St. Cuthbert, county of Berthier, 1st February, 1860. His father, Prosper Allard, was a most successful agriculturist, who cultivated his farm until 1884, when he sold his rural belongings and removed to Berthierville. His wife (the honored and beloved mother of the subject of our sketch), Genevievre Aurez Laferriere, died in 1881, when he married a second time—12th September, 1887,—the lady of his choice this time being a most estimable lady, the widow of Captain Romuald Fauteux, who himself had been a merchant at Berthier. Young Allard was educated at L’Assomption College, receiving an excellent classical training. From there he entered Laval University, Quebec, and in the years 1878-9 passed his examination successfully and took the degree of bachelor of arts. In 1881 he entered on the study of law at Sherbrooke and was called to the Quebec bar in 1884. Mr. Allard is one of the rising young men and a lawyer of repute in the town of Berthierville. In religion he is a devout Roman Catholic; in politics he is a consistent Liberal-Conservative, and there is but little doubt that in the future he will be found advocating the cause of his party in the local legislature or on the floor of the Dominion parliament. He is the legal representative of the Legal and Commercial Exchange of Canada for the county of Berthier. On 21st January, 1885, Mr. Allard was married to Blanche Doval, daughter of Alexandre Damase Doval and Amilié Lengendre. Mr. Doval in his life-time was a well-known advocate, as well as inspector of schools for the counties of L’Assomption, Berthier and Joliette. Mrs. Allard is niece of our celebrated French-Canadian writer, Napoleon Lengendre, F.R.S.C.

Dessaulles, George Casimir, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, President of the Bank of St. Hyacinthe and of the St. Hyacinthe Manufacturing Company, and an enterprising citizen, was born in St. Hyacinthe, on the 29th of September, 1827. His father was Jean Dessaulles, seigneur of St. Hyacinthe, one of the founders of the place, a member of the Lower Canada parliament for years, and at the time of his death, in 1835, a member of the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec. The father of Jean Dessaulles was from Switzerland, coming to Lower Canada in the latter part of the last century. The mother of our subject was Rosalie Papineau, sister of the Hon. Louis J. Papineau. She died in 1867. Mr. Dessaulles was educated at the College of St. Hyacinthe, taking a complete classical course, and studied law, but never engaged in its practice. His time has been largely employed in looking after his seignorial estate and other property, and attending to the various municipal and other offices which he has held, or still holds. He was councilman for twelve years, mayor of the city for ten years, making twenty-two consecutive years’ service in the municipality, and then declined the chief magistracy against the wishes of the people; was a school commissioner at one period; a justice of the peace, and the second president of the bank of St. Hyacinthe, taking that position in 1878. The manufacturing company, of which he is president, is a large institution, and doing a variety of business—carding wool, manufacturing flannels and cloths, flour for custom market, etc. It is such enterprises as this that have helped to build up the city of St. Hyacinthe; and in efforts made in that direction no man has done more than the subject of this sketch, whose energies and business tact and talent are thoroughly devoted to the interests of his native city. He is connected with the Catholic church, and was at one time president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society. His moral character is unblemished. Mr. Dessaulles was first married, in 1857, to Emma Mondelet, third daughter of the Hon. Dominic Mondelet, of Three Rivers, she dying in 1864, leaving one son and two daughters; and the second time, in 1869, to Frances Louise Leman, daughter of Dr. Dennis S. Leman, an English physician, and by her has two daughters and two sons.

La Roque, Gedeon, M.D., Quebec. Sergeant-at-Arms of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, is not only a conspicuous contemporary figure in that province, but a gentleman who has taken an active part in its politics, and contributed in no slight degree to the development of its resources and material prosperity. He was born at Chambly, in the province of Quebec, on the 22nd December, 1831. He springs from a stock as remarkable for its fruitfulness and attachment to the soil, as for the eminent positions to which some of its members have attained. Originally from France, in the early days of the colony, and mostly farmers, his ancestors were among the pioneers of settlement and civilization in Chambly county, P.Q., locating along the banks of the little river “Montreal,” about a mile from Chambly basin, tilling the soil, raising large families, and laying the foundations of what is to-day one of the most populous and thriving agricultural communities in Lower Canada. The family of Dr. La Roque’s paternal grandfather, composed of eleven brothers and three sisters, nearly all occupied adjoining farms in the parish of Chambly. His uncle, the late Monseigneur Joseph La Roque, formerly Roman Catholic coadjutor bishop of Montreal, and afterwards bishop of the diocese of St. Hyacinthe, who died in November, 1887, was the last survivor of a family also composed of fourteen members. Another deceased bishop of St. Hyacinthe, Monseigneur Charles La Roque, previously for many years parish priest of St. John’s, P.Q., was also a near relative of the subject of this sketch. Both these prelates were in their day men of high standing, great learning and marked ability, and their names are still venerated as among the most illustrious in the Lower Canadian hierarchy. Dr. La Roque began his classical education at Chambly College, so ably presided over at the time by its zealous founder, Rev. P. Mignault, parish priest of Chambly. Subsequently young La Roque was entered at the St. Hyacinthe College, where he continued and completed his studies under the immediate eye of his uncle, Rev. Joseph La Roque, the superior of the institution, and afterwards bishop of St. Hyacinthe. On leaving college he decided to study medicine, and was accordingly indentured for the purpose to another of his uncles, Dr. Luc Eusebe La Roque, of St. Jerome, Terrebonne, P.Q., now the parish of Father Labelle, the great apostle of colonization in the province of Quebec. It was while pursuing his medical studies that young La Roque first became interested in the cause of colonization, to the advancement of which he has so patriotically devoted so much of his subsequent career. His uncle, Dr. L. E. La Roque, who had then but lately returned from the gold fields of California, and who was one of the few survivors who had crossed (both ways) the deadly swamps of the Isthmus of Panama, had become largely interested in the settlement of the wild lands in the upper part of the River du Nord, in the county of Terrebonne, and in the fall of 1851 young Gedeon La Roque was despatched by him, in charge of a squad of men, to open up a settlement at Lac à la Truite, some forty miles from St. Jerome. The youthful pioneer and his companions only succeeded in reaching their destination, after enduring the greatest hardships and suffering. It took them two days to accomplish the last twelve miles of their fearful journey through the wilderness, but the result must be regarded as a fitting reward of the heroism displayed on the occasion. To-day the beautiful and populous parish of St. Agathe des Monts, in the county of Terrebonne, surrounds the spot where young La Roque and his men felled the first trees, and erected the first log hut on the western shore of Lac à la Truite. To the late Hon. A. N. Morin, then provincial secretary for Lower Canada, under the newly formed cabinet of Hincks-Morin, and Dr. Luc Eusebe La Roque, undoubtedly belonged the honor of being the instigators of the first great movement of colonization in that section of the country, but the credit of actually opening up the first settlement in the township of Abercrombie (Terrebonne) must be awarded to Gedeon La Roque, who, after this incident, resumed and completed his medical studies at the School of Medicine and Surgery at Montreal, finally passing as a licentiate in medicine on the 9th October, 1855, before the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, of which the late Dr. Fremont was then president, Drs. Landry and Pelletier, secretaries, and Dr. Jones, actorum custos. After his admission, Dr. Gedeon La Roque settled down to practise his profession at Longueuil, opposite Montreal, where he met with early and gratifying success. By 1863 he had so grown in the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens, that in that year he was elected mayor of Longueuil, after a hard contest with Mr. F. X. Valade, N.P., and was subsequently re-elected three times to the same office without opposition. He also filled the responsible position of warden of the county Chambly during four years. At the time of confederation, in 1867, Dr. La Roque was pressed by his many friends to accept the candidature of the county for the Quebec Legislative Assembly, in the interests of the Conservative party, but, though he declined the honor for himself, he worked and secured the election, for the party, of Mr. J. B. Jodoin, against Mr. F. David, who was not only supported by the Liberal party, but by his brother-in-law, Mr. L. Betournay, a man of great influence in the county, and a member of the same legal firm as the late Sir George E. Cartier (Cartier, Pominville & Betournay). At the general elections of 1871, Dr. La Roque, being again solicited by his friends to stand for the county for the Local House, decided to come forward, and was put in nomination against Mr. P. B. Benoit, M.P. This was before the abolition of dual representation. Dr. La Roque was supported both by Conservatives and Liberals, and elected by a large majority, his opponent resigning after the close of the first day’s polling. His parliamentary career was marked by much independence of thought and action, especially during the Chauveau and Ouimet Administrations, when he spoke and voted against the Government on the questions of the lease of Beauport asylum, dual representation, and some matters concerning teachers and education. After the so-called Tanneries’ scandal, and the resignation of the Ouimet ministry, the member for Chambly, believing that a vigorous railway policy was essential to the opening up and development of the province, gave an unhesitating support to the railway programme of their successors the De Boucherville cabinet, and was invited by the premier, Mr. De Boucherville, to move the address in reply to the speech from the throne, on which occasion he was very ably sustained by the member for Huntingdon, Dr. Cameron, as seconder of the resolution. As a friend of colonization, Dr. Larocque was an ardent advocate of railway building, and as such the proposals of the De Boucherville government in the house regarding the construction of the Northern Colonization (so called at the time) and the North Shore Railroads, not only met with his warm approval and active support, but during 1874 and 1875 he even gave his services as agent to the contractors of the Northern Colonization road, Messrs. McDonald & Abbott, in order to purchase the right of way from River des Prairies to Aylmer. On the 15th June, 1875, a vacancy having occurred in the position of Sergeant-at-Arms of the Legislative Assembly, he was appointed to fill it, and this important and responsible appointment he still continues to hold with general acceptance, enjoying not only the confidence and regard of succeeding ministers and parliaments, but the respect of the public as well, for his tact and firmness in the discharge of the regular duties of his office, as for the energy, ability and taste with which he has at different times supervised and carried out works that had to be executed at short notice, including the fitting up and decorating of both Houses of the Legislature on such occasions of mark as the receptions of the Marquis of Lorne and H.R.H. the Princess Louise, in 1878, of the lieutenant-governors of the province, of the speakers of the Legislative Assembly, and last, but not least, of Madame Mercier, wife of the premier of the province, on the occasion of the Interprovincial Conference, in October, 1887, and in honor of the delegates to that important congress, of which Dr. La Roque was also named accountant. Another distinctive feature of his life-work, and one which does infinite honor to his intelligence and patriotism, is the ardor which he has ever shown in endeavouring to ameliorate the system of agriculture pursued in his native province. In and out of the legislature, no man has done more to advance that important cause in Lower Canada, both by preaching and personal example. His published treatises on agriculture and horticulture have become handbooks among his fellow countrymen, and his valuable little work on “The Culture of Tobacco,” has contributed largely to the promotion and improvement of that industry in the province of Quebec. He also owns a large farm at Beaumont, below the city of Quebec, which is actually under the management of his son, and is deservedly regarded as a model establishment of its kind. Dr. La Roque was married three times—firstly, on the 30th June, 1856, to Miss Marie Felicity Thibault, a sister of the late Rev. Messrs. George and Amable Thibault, parish priests respectively of Longueuil and Chambly, in the diocese of Montreal; secondly, in May, 1870, to Miss Rosalie Brauneis, of Montreal; and lastly, in January, 1874, to Miss Marie Asilda Davignon, daughter of Simon Davignon, N.P., of Belœil, P.Q. By these three marriages he has had eighteen children, of whom ten are still living.

Robillard, Alexander, M.P.P., Russel, was born in the township of Gloucester, county of Russel, in 1843. He comes of the best French-Canadian stock, his father having been a man of extensive business as a contractor in Ottawa. His father died at the ripe old age of 87 years, his mother being still alive and in the enjoyment of good health at an equally advanced age. Young Robillard had the benefit of a sound commercial education at St. Joseph’s College, Ottawa, and this education he has used to such advantage that he is now one of the heaviest operators in contracting work and quarrying. He was the contractor for the construction of the Model School, one of the most substantial buildings in the city, which was put up by the Ontario Government. His career in business has been one of steady advance, his record having been throughout such as none could find fault with. Being of adventurous disposition, Mr. Robillard has travelled extensively and in places which, when he saw them, were new and strange. He made extensive tours in the West, especially on the Pacific coast from Panama to British Columbia. He has crossed the Isthmus of Panama twice and has been through a great portion of South America. He has also visited Europe several times, making it a point to see all the out-of-the-way places his time would permit him to visit, and has crossed the Pacific to the Orient twice. These travels have been undertaken at various times and the effect of them is plainly to be seen in his toleration of opinions differing from his own and his great knowledge of foreign lands. Mr. Robillard was married at the age of twenty-two, to Miss Sophia Lafleur, who died in May, 1885. The children of the union are seven in number, of whom six are boys. Political affairs have always had great attraction for Mr. Robillard, and he has taken an active part in all the municipal and political contests of his district since he was entitled to vote. His record as a municipal councillor is a long and honorable one, he having been elected Deputy Reeve of Gloucester for five years and afterwards Reeve for three years. In 1886 he was elected to represent his native county in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. In that capacity he has served only one session, but he enters upon his career with the confident belief on the part of his constituents that he will certainly make his mark. He is a Liberal in politics.

Rexford, Rev. Elson Irving, B.A., Secretary of the Department of Public Instruction, Quebec, was born at South Bolton, Brome County, P.Q., on the 17th June, 1850. He is the eldest son of Orrin Rexford, (who married Eliza Dimond), and a grandson of one of seven brothers who came from the shores of Lake Champlain about 1790, and settled in the County of Stanstead, on the shores of Lake Memphremagog. The Rexford family on this continent are descendants of Arthur Rexford, who was master of a trading vessel between England and the West Indies and the New England colonies, and who died in New Haven, Conn., in 1727. The Rev. Elson I. Rexford attended the elementary and superior schools of his native county until he was sixteen years of age, when he entered the McGill Normal School, Montreal, where he obtained a Model School diploma at the end of a two years’ course of training, taking first place and the Prince of Wales’ medal. He held the positions of assistant master in the model training school of the McGill Normal School and head master of one of the city schools under the Protestant Board of School Commissioners, Montreal, for three years. During this time he took an active part in the local association of Teachers, of which he held the position of Secretary for some time. He entered upon the Arts course of McGill University, Montreal, in September, 1871. He graduated with honors in mental and moral philosophy in 1876, having dropped out for one year when he entered upon the study of theology; this study he continued during the last two years of his arts course. He was ordained by the Right Reverend Ashton Oxendon in 1876, and immediately entered upon the charge of St. Luke’s Church, Montreal. This charge he was obliged to resign after a few months, in consequence of ill-health, by which he was deprived of the use of one leg for about two years. On account of this he returned to the work of teaching, first as head-master of his former school in Montreal, and afterwards as assistant head master of the Montreal High School. During this time he was President of the Local Association of Montreal Teachers, and Secretary of the Provincial Association of Protestant Teachers, Quebec. In 1882, he was called from the High School to fill the position of English Secretary of the Department of Public Instruction, Quebec, rendered vacant by the retirement of Dr. Miles, which position he still holds. He was elected several times Representative Fellow on the Corporation of McGill University, and on his removal to Quebec, he was appointed Governor’s Fellow of the University. In September, 1882, he married Louisa Norris, of Montreal.

Derbishire, Stewart.—If variety in the career of a man tend to render his life—other things being equal—more interesting than those of his fellows, who maintain an even tenor on their way, following the profession through life in which they have been brought up and educated, then will our readers find this element of interest not wanting in the life of the subject of the following sketch. Beginning life as a soldier, the late Mr. Derbishire soon turned to the study of the law, and though he found himself on the high road to distinction in this profession, he relinquished it for the more exciting pursuit of journalism, which led him to Spain during the Constitutional war, where he drew his sword on behalf of Queen Isabella. When however, the decisive action, which ended in the defeat of Gomez, placed the crown upon her head, he embarked in the very opposite mission of endeavouring to bring peace to a distracted country, in the train of Lord Durham. Unlike his master, however, he did not leave this country on the apparent failure of that nobleman’s truly humane and generous efforts on behalf of the people; but being drawn into the political life of the country, after executing some very delicate missions of a diplomatic character, he was elected the first member for Bytown, now Ottawa; which constituency he continued to serve in parliament for several years, until, after the passing of the Independence of Parliament Act, he gave up his seat, having become Queen’s Printer for united Canada in 1841. So slight are the causes to which we are sometimes led to attribute the direction given to our current of life, that Mr. Derbishire was often heard to say, that it was owing to his belief that the rebellion was by no means finally quelled, but that there would be another spurt before long, and wishing—to use his own words—“to see the fun,” that Canada finally became his home—a home to which he accorded a loyal affection and admiration, and whose fluctuating course, after he had retired from the political arena, he watched with anxiety and interest to the end of his life. Stewart Derbishire, born in London, in the year 1800, was the third son of Philip Derbishire, M.D., and Ann Masterton, daughter of Allan Masterton, of Edinburgh, an intimate friend and companion of Burns, whose verses he was fond of setting to music. Miss Masterton, who was gifted with great personal charms, and of more than average mental ability, was the subject of those lines by Burns, entitled “Beware o’ Bonnie Ann.” At the age of sixteen, Mr. Derbishire commenced life as an ensign in the Eighty-second regiment, but very soon afterwards, the peace having caused the reduction of the army to one half its strength, he became a student of law of the Honorable Society of Gray’s Inn, about the year 1824. He was engaged in several cases of much public interest, in the conduct of which he distinguished himself, and amongst which was that of the Dorsetshire labourers, prosecuted for machine-breaking in 1832. The case created great interest throughout England, and was reported at unusual length in the Times of that period. From an early age Mr. Derbishire was of very strongly pronounced Liberal views in politics, and being drawn into the vortex of political journalism, aided very effectually the movement which ended in the passing of the Reform Bill. Having gained the warm regard of Sir de Lacy Evans, commander of the British Legion, which championed the cause of Queen Isabella in 1837, and having become much interested in the struggle going on in Spain, Mr. Derbishire proceeded to the troubled scene as special correspondent of the Morning Chronicle. Not satisfied, however, with using his pen only in the cause, and desiring to be more actively engaged in the struggle, he volunteered at the assault of Irun, and for his personal bravery received a medal, as well as a very flattering letter from Sir de Lacy. He also earned the high approbation of Narvaez, under whom he served in the campaigns of Castile, Valladolid and Sagovia, for which services he was made a Knight of the Christian and Military Order of San Fernando, and received several medals for his gallantry. The honor of saving the life of Narvaez in a mutiny, has been attributed to him, and he is also said to have been the first to point out to the Melbourne ministry—then active champions of the Quadruple Alliance—the inefficiency of Espartero, and to foretell the rise of Narvaez. In 1838, the subject of our sketch came out to Canada as attaché to the Earl of Durham. He held this nobleman in high esteem, as well for his personal qualities as for his generous and large-hearted statesmanship, and like him, he considered a lenient policy the only one to be pursued towards the recently insurgent population, amongst whom he acted as an emissary of mercy, visiting in the Montreal district the localities, which, like Saint Benoit and Saint Eustache had been desolated by the flames of civil war, carrying consolation and assistance to the victims of the strife. He continued after the troubles had ceased, to have a warm corner in his heart for the rebels, some of whom became his personal friends, and towards whom—more especially Dr. Wolfred Nelson and Dr. Rolph—he entertained, not only feelings of affectionate regard, but of high respect and admiration, as towards men who had taken up a course detrimental to their own interests, in the hope of gaining for the country that which, in a short time, all but an insignificant minority agreed the country must have. For some of the less fortunate among their brethren, who remained in exile, he used his influence with the Canadian government. Later in the day, when many of the former rebels were serving their country in honourable positions, and it was no singular thing to be in friendship with them, one of Lord Metcalfe’s aides was heard to say, “How are your friends the rebels, Derbishire?” “Oh,” was the reply, “I can’t get to see them now, you keep them at government house; when Viger was in jail we could get to him, now we can’t.” Viger was then president of the council. In the course of Mr. Derbishire’s diplomatic duties, he brought up from New York the news from Britain that, as he expressed it, “would make his lordship kick and throw up his commission,” as indeed it did, and shortly after the Earl’s departure, the rebellion again breaking out, as all along he had predicted it would, he was asked, as one who knew the country and the people, to undertake the dangerous service of carrying despatches to New Brunswick and Halifax, demanding immediate re-inforcements of troops; this he did, travelling in mid-winter from Quebec to Halifax by sleigh and on horse-back, and resting neither night nor day till his mission was fulfilled. Finding everything tranquil on his return to Lower Canada, he endeavoured to regain his native land, but owing to the badness of the roads, arrived in New York too late for the packet, by which he intended sailing. There were at that time matters of great interest in agitation at Washington, and Mr. Fox—then British minister there—engaged his services to draw up several papers upon the international relations between Great Britain, the United States and the Canadas, which were sent home to the Foreign office with high commendations, and Mr. Derbishire was just on the eve of embarking with strong recommendations to Lord Palmerston, when a letter reached him, stating, that Mr. Poulett Thompson, afterwards Lord Sydenham, wished him to join his government, whereupon he once more turned his footsteps in the direction of the country which appeared fated to become his home. Before leaving the United States, however, Mr. Fox commissioned him to travel leisurely through Maine, on his way from New Brunswick to Canada, and endeavor to find out the feelings of the people of that state upon the vexed question of their northern boundary; he did so, and found the Mainites in a highly irritated, and what he considered to be, wholly unreasonable frame of mind on that subject, and he drew up a somewhat lengthy paper on the knowledge gained through his enquiries, which Mr. Fox spoke of as containing some extremely valuable information, and the gist of which would form a useful addition to the history extant upon the subject. In 1841, Mr. Derbishire was elected member of Parliament for Bytown, having been personally recommended by Lord Sydenham, as “a friend of my own, qualified by his ability to do honor to any constituency.” Sir Charles Bagot’s administration, Mr. Derbishire considered in the highest degree successful, and full of promise to the young country, whose factions were beginning to coalesce and work in harmony under the straightforward, wise and honorable policy of that governor. If, however, he was so fortunate as to have his political sentiments at one with those of each governor-general who had ruled in the country since his arrival in it—during whose administrations had been developed and brought into action that principle of responsible government which was to release the youthful limbs of the country from the bands that had hitherto confined them, allowing them to gain strength within the bounds of legitimate freedom—responsible government, “without which, British rule in this part of the empire must have become a monument of cruelty, injustice and folly”—it was far otherwise when Sir Charles Bagot’s unfortunate successor came upon the scene—the former happy unity of sentiment ceased. Admiring, as he did, Lord Metcalfe’s benevolent heart, it could only be with a sorrowful foreboding that he watched the reversion, by this nobleman’s want of head, of all that the three former governors had striven to establish. Lord Metcalfe was only “fighting again a battle which had been already fought and lost; but fighting it with diminished forces, and positions considerably less favorable, reviving a contest lost by Sir F. B. Head.” Believing, that until prepared with other ministers, granting a reasonable time for the construction of a cabinet, it is out of all rule of representative, responsible, or any government short of a despotism, to dismiss, or what is the same thing, promote the resignation of an existing ministry, his vote condemned the claim advanced by the governor-general, to make appointments without the knowledge of the cabinet, although a threat of dismissal from the office of Queen’s printer—which had been bestowed upon him in 1841—was held over his head. It was a question to him whether the country should progress in that development, which seems to be the lot of all new countries where free play is given to the instinct of the Anglo-Saxon race for self-government, or whether the irritation caused by the frustration of this instinct, should break out again into civil war, bringing anarchy and annexation in its train. Being a man of honor, of course all personal considerations were dwarfed beside the gigantic proportions assumed by this question, in view of the future welfare of the country. Not long after this critical period, Mr. Derbishire gave up his seat in parliament, on the passing of the Independence of Parliament Act, but after retiring from active politics, as was to be expected of a man, the bias of whose mind was toward political life, his interest in the destinies of his adopted country did not grow dim with years. He watched her course with keen sight, and continued to champion what he considered her best interests in the press, both of the colony and of the mother country. In 1849, when financial ruin stared the country in the face, and Britain, by her oft-repeated neglect, seemed callous to her fate, he, with many others, sorrowfully believed that annexation was inevitable, and with much bitterness of spirit, expressed himself to a friend in England, who had for many years been a public servant in this country: “In view of annexation, I feel, as I suppose a man feels who knows that one of these coming days he is to be led out to the scaffold to be strangled in presence of numerous spectators who come to enjoy the sport, and so feel a good many, I fancy.” His feelings towards Canada had been one of peculiar loyalty—in the first years of his residence in it he wished people to believe that he had taken root and identified himself with its interests, and with a lavish hand, spent the large income he received, that they might know that it was not riches he sought in making Canada his home. United to his talents in public life, Mr. Derbishire possessed those qualifications which make a man the admired favorite of society. A wide range of sympathies, rare scholarship and artistic taste, joined to a warmth and geniality of disposition, which caused him to help with heart and hand and purse all those who appealed to his sympathy, made the domain in which he ruled by affection, a wide and varied one. One, a friend from the time he first came to the country, says of him, “Coming within the vast pale of those whom he admitted to sympathy, from the highest to the lowest, to whom he extended the generous helping hand, and knowing him better, I believe, than those with whom he was intimate, or the public, I was deeply impressed with the depth of his philosophy and his accomplished literary power and taste.”

Adam, Lucien Alexandre Samuel, Sheriff of the District of St. Hyacinthe, in the Province of Quebec, was born at Coteau du Lac, county of Soulanges, district of Montreal, the 10th day of November, 1847. His parents were Louis Adam, notary, and Henriette Bourgeois, third daughter of the late Captain François Louis Bourgeois, who came to Canada with the title of captain, in a company of the regiment of the Meurous. He was a native of Neufchatel, in Switzerland. Before the recall of his regiment, Captain Bourgeois remained in this country, which he made his retreat, and died in 1860, at the home of his son-in-law, Louis Adam, at Coteau du Lac, aged ninety-one years. Madame Bourgeois was a daughter of the late Dr. Stubenger, surgeon, etc., who died in this country several years ago. In 1837, Louis Adam was among the number of patriots who assisted and took part with his father, Augustin Adam, at St. Charles. He was then only fourteen years of age. Lucien Samuel Adam took his classical course at the Grand Seminary of St. Hyacinthe, which he left the 15th June, 1866, after having been admitted as a law student. He studied his profession with the late Louis Taché, then notary and sheriff of St. Hyacinthe, and acted as deputy sheriff during six years. In April, 1870, at the time of the Fenian invasion, Mr. Adam was attached to the staff of the St. Hyacinthe regiment, then under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Romuald St. Jacques. The regiment was called out on duty and set out for the frontier to suppress the insurrection, with others from Montreal, where the subject of our sketch was appointed paymaster. In May, 1871, he was admitted as a member of the legal profession, by the Assembly of Notaries at Laval University, Quebec, and on the 14th of July he commenced the practice of his profession at St. Hyacinthe, which he continued until May, 1881, when he was made sheriff by the Chapleau government, in place of the late Louis Taché, deceased, the 1st April of the same year. Mr. Adam took part in several election contests, provincial as well as federal, and was always a staunch supporter of Conservative interests. On the 15th of May, 1872, he was married at St. Hyacinthe, to Miss Marie Zoé Boivin, second daughter of the late Leonard Boivin, merchant and importer, of St. Hyacinthe, and in later years collector of inland revenue for the said place, whose wife was Madame Marie Zoé Lagorce and who died in August, 1872. Mr. Adam has three brothers, the Rev. F. L. T. Adam, of Hochelaga, Montreal; A. A. Adam, advocate of Ottawa, and the Rev. Father Adam, Jesuit, of Montreal. In religion, it is needless to say, Mr. Adam is an earnest and devout Roman Catholic. He was appointed sheriff at the early age of thirty-three, and to-day is but forty years of age. Possessing all the necessary requirements—talent, industry and integrity—of success, Mr. Adam has undoubtedly a brilliant career before him.

McConnel, William George, Berthierville, Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec, on the 12th of July, 1838. His father, John McConnel, and his mother, Margaret, were both born in the north of Ireland, in the good old county Derry, but both parents died while the subject of this sketch was still a mere youth. Thrown thus on his own resources, William George found his way to the New World, and received a good commercial education at the Protestant Orphan Asylum, Quebec. At the age of thirteen he was bound to a clergyman of the Church of England, for the sum of $100, to learn farming. He soon found, however, that his talent lay in another direction, and in a short time he was sent to Mr. J. S. Dixon, merchant, of Berthier, and here he obtained that thorough knowledge of mercantile affairs which has been so useful to him in later years. He remained with Mr. Dixon for thirteen years, when his entire savings, some $1,300, were swept away by the failure of his master. Mr. Dixon, however, resumed business, and, nothing daunted, Mr. McConnel entered into partnership with his former master, and they continued in business together for three years. On October 1st, 1868, Mr. McConnel entered into business on his own account as a general produce merchant, but making flour his chief business, and he still continues to make a specialty of this indispensable article. In 1881 he entered into partnership with Mr. Robillard, M.P.P., in the wholesale grain business, but this partnership was dissolved in the fall of 1886. Mr. McConnel is a member of the Montreal Corn Exchange, which he joined in 1879. He is a staunch Liberal in politics, and has always thrown his influence heartily into every contest, so as to make that party successful in the county of Berthier. He has been an alderman of the town since 1881; and the esteem in which he is held by his fellow-townsmen is shown in the fact that his election is always by acclamation. In 1888 he was appointed a justice of the peace for the county of Richelieu. He is a faithful adherent of the Church of England. In 1881 he was elected people’s churchwarden, and since that time the church has been independent of outside support. He is also one of the trustees of the Berthier Protestant Academy. He was married on December 1st, 1872, to a French lady, Miss Amelia Mailloux, daughter of Antoine and Marie Louise Mailloux, of Berthier, by whom he has a family of nine children, of whom seven only are living. All of them speak the French and English languages fluently. Mr. McConnel is a good conversationalist, with an intimate knowledge of men and places acquired in the course of constant travel in the United States and Canada.

Maynard, Rev. Thomas, M.A., D.D., Rector of Christ Church, Windsor, and Canon of St. Luke’s Cathedral, Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born in Halifax, N.S., on the 8th of November, 1814. His father, Thomas Maynard, a post-captain in the British navy, was a native of Devonshire, England, who, after seeing a great deal of service, settled in Halifax, and became high sheriff of the county of Halifax; he was a man of great integrity, and died at the advanced age of 87 years. His mother was Lucy Creighton, of Halifax. Her father, J. Creighton, belonged to Somersetshire, England, and was among the first English settlers in Nova Scotia. Mr. Creighton owned the Cathedral Hill, and sold it to the Duke of Kent, and received, in part payment, a house called Grenadier Fort, where Trinity church now stands. There was a small wooden fort at the gate of this property, built to keep off the Indians. Rev. Dr. Maynard received his educational training at the Collegiate School, and at King’s College, Windsor, N.S., where he graduated in arts in 1832. He studied law, and was afterwards admitted a barrister; but, changing his mind, he determined to devote himself to the work of the Master, and accordingly, in 1841, was ordained deacon by the Right Rev. John Inglis, bishop of Nova Scotia, and priest by the same bishop a year later. He was curate, for a year, of Dartmouth, and after, about the same length of time, of St. George’s Church at Halifax. Afterwards he occupied the position of rector of Rawdon, and subsequently of Digby, for five years each; then of Sackville, near Halifax, four years; and was appointed rector of Windsor in 1859, where he has since administered his holy office. Canon Maynard has often held the position of examiner in divinity in King’s College, and has on several occasions been a delegate to the Provincial Synod, held in Montreal, as well as to the Diocesan Synod. King’s College has conferred upon him the degrees of M.A. and D.D. In his ministration, Dr. Maynard is free from display, but constantly shows a yearning love for the best welfare of his hearers. He has a rare faculty of attracting the young, and he is held in very high respect by his people. He is withal possessed of a genial disposition, and has a keen sense of humor. His preaching corresponds with his life, and is highly calculated to impress and deepen the spiritual life of those under his care. He has done good work in the Lord’s vineyard. He was married on the 8th March, 1843, to Sarah Wilkins, daughter of the Hon. Lewis Morris Wilkins, at one time speaker of the House of Assembly, Nova Scotia, and subsequently judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. Miss Wilkins was a woman of very superior intellect and literary attainment, and was a great favorite wherever she was known. She was a great aid to her husband in all his efforts to do good in the church. She died on the 30th September, 1884, aged 70 years. The family of Wilkins was one of the most important in this county. Dr. Isaac Wilkins represented the county of West Chester, in the State of New York, before the American Revolutionary war; he sided with the British, and gave up wealth and power to live under the British flag. He came to Nova Scotia, and settled at Shelbourne; he represented that county in the provincial legislature. Some years after the peace he returned to the United States; having formerly studied for the Christian ministry, he was ordained by Bishop Leabury, and was rector of the parish of West Chester, where he died at an advanced age. His son, Lewis Morris Wilkins, and his grandson of the same name, both became judges of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. His grandson, Martin Isaac Wilkins, was a distinguished lawyer and prothonotary of the Superior Court. Judge Wilkins had three daughters, Sarah Wilkins, the wife of Canon Maynard, being the youngest. The fruit of the union has been a family of eight children.

Stevenson, Major Samuel Cottingham, (B.A.), was born in Montreal, on the 7th August, 1848. He attended the high school in that city and afterwards graduated at McGill University, taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His father was Mr. James Stevenson, a native of Campbellton, Argyleshire, Scotland, and his mother was Elizabeth Cottingham, a descendant of the Cottinghams, of County Caven, Ireland. When a youth Mr. Stevenson entered the ranks of the Victoria Rifles, Montreal, and not long afterwards he saw active service in the Fenian raid of 1866. He afterwards held a commission in the 1st, or Prince of Wales’ Rifles, and was present in the engagement at Eccles’ Hill, on the Vermont border, in 1870. In the year 1881 Mr. Stevenson retired from the force with the rank of Major. For over fifteen years Mr. Stevenson has taken a very prominent part in the exhibition affairs of the Dominion. He entered on the work in 1872, as assistant at the first large provincial exhibition held at Montreal. Mr. Stevenson worked so efficiently, and made himself so useful everywhere at this time, that his services were called into requisition at the next provincial exhibition, held in the following year on the new grounds at Mile End, Montreal. On this occasion he showed himself so energetic and capable that he was placed in entire charge of the industrial department of the exhibition. We next find that in the preparations made for the representation of Canada at the great Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, Mr. Stevenson was appointed secretary to the advisory board, in succession to Mr. H. Beaugrand, mayor of Montreal, and when the exhibition opened he was appointed special commissioner there for the province of Quebec. He had secured a magnificent display of products and manufactures from Montreal, Quebec, Sherbrooke, and the province generally. The services he rendered at the great American Centennial were of a most important character, not only in the amount of well-directed labor he performed, but for his good influence in promoting the commerce and interests of his native country generally. On Mr. Stevenson’s return, his practical services were acknowledged by the gift of a splendid gold watch and chain and an address. In the next year a permanent exhibition committee for the province of Quebec was named, and Mr. Stevenson was unanimously chosen secretary, and has held the position till the present time. In that capacity he originated and managed the first of the series of Dominion exhibitions which have been held in various parts of Canada ever since, and which have been the means of greatly fostering the inter-provincial relations of the country. In fact, it was at this exhibition that the attention of that large portion of the people of the older provinces who had never troubled themselves much about it, became earnestly concentrated upon the great North-West, Mr. Stevenson having obtained a most interesting collection of exhibits from Manitoba and the adjoining territories. Till now all the principal exhibitions in Canada had been provincial in character, but a new era was opened by this event, and the Dominion government, having voted a special grant of $5000, have maintained the exhibition ever since, it being held in different cities and different provinces each year. Mr. Stevenson was the chief organizer and manager of all the exhibitions held in Montreal since 1872, and in 1883 contributed much to the success of the Dominion exhibition at St. John, N.B., by the contributions he raised in Quebec and Ontario, as he did also to the success of the International Exhibition at Antwerp in 1885, at which Canada was well represented. His work in connection with the Colonial and Indian exhibition is too well known to the public of Canada and England to need an extended reference here. From the moment the idea was started Mr. Stevenson entered heart and soul into the work, and organized the largest collection of exhibits ever sent out of his province. He gave many suggestions of value to the Dominion government, and at the request of Sir Charles Tupper, was dispatched to London to assist in arranging the details of the Canadian section, alloting the spaces, etc. That Mr. Stevenson worked well, and that he rendered the most valuable service in the interests of all parts of the Dominion, is admitted on all sides, and that he triumphed successfully over the difficulties of want of space and the inconvenient arrangement of the building will also be most readily admitted by those who best understood the nature of the task before him, as well as by those who had an opportunity of seeing the admirable arrangement of the Canadian court. He took the initiative in the formation of the Exhibitors’ Commercial Exchange at the exhibition, established for the purpose of developing and fostering closer commercial relations between the various British colonies, and was its provisional chairman. Mr. Stevenson is secretary of the Council of Arts and Manufactures of the Province of Quebec, under whose direction is placed the technical and art education of the province. He is director of technical and art instruction, and has taken a warm interest in the work of the schools under the control of the council. He has contributed several valuable articles on technical education. Mr. Stevenson took a prominent part in inducing the American Association for the Advancement of Science to hold its sessions in Montreal in 1882, and was also one of the local secretaries, in conjunction with Hon. Thomas White, ex-Mayor Rivard and Mr. S. E. Dawson, on the occasion of the famous meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held there in 1884. Mr. Stevenson’s wide and varied experience in exhibition matters is well appreciated and recognized by those who know him in America, and he was consequently elected vice-president of the International Association of Fairs and Expositions at the annual convention of that body held in St. Louis, Mo., in 1884. He was also appointed honorary commissioner for Canada for the Boston Foreign exhibition, held in 1883. That the people of his own city have confidence in his judgment in exhibition matters is evidenced by the fact that the Montreal Board of Trade desired to have his views and his advice before commiting itself to any line of action in connection with the proposed permanent exhibition, as suggested by the London Chamber of Commerce, in 1886. It is pleasing to notice that, notwithstanding the calls on Mr. Stevenson’s energy, he can still find time to promote the athletic sports of Canada. He was for some years secretary of the old Dominion Lacrosse and Snow Shoe Club, and has several good records to his credit; was president of the Independent Lacrosse Club and of the Wolseley Snow Shoe Club, and in 1880 he was elected president of the National Lacrosse Association of Canada. Mr. Stevenson is thoroughly acquainted with the French language, which is of great advantage in the province of Quebec, and has travelled extensively through Europe, United States and his own country. He is a member of the Presbyterian church of Canada. Mr. Stevenson is a member of the “Societé de Géographie Commerciale,” of Paris, and a corresponding member of the Industrial Education Association, of New York. He is also a director of the Great Northern Railway Company. In 1878 Mr. Stevenson was married to Gertrude, daughter of Col. Caldwell, of Delaware, a relative of the late Bayard Taylor on her mother’s side, and whose great grandfather was a general in the Revolutionary war.

Keirstead, Rev. Elias Miles, M.A., Professor of English Literature and Psychology in Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., is a native of New Brunswick. He was born at Collina, Kings county, in that province, February 11th, 1850. His father, Rev. Elias Keirstead, was a Baptist minister, well known in the maritime provinces, his mother being Margaret Ganong, of a family also equally well known. The family of Keirstead is originally of German extraction, but for six generations our subject’s branch has resided on this continent. John Keirstead, of New York, is the first of the family of whom we have any record, as far as the new world is concerned. He had a son, Jacobus, and he was the father of James, who, with five of his brothers and one sister, came to New Brunswick as loyalists. Isaiah, our subject’s grandfather, was born in the United States, and came to Kings county, New Brunswick, when a child. He (Isaiah) married Lydia Gray, a daughter of Captain William Gray, who was also a loyalist. Our subject’s mother was the daughter of James Ganong, also of loyalist stock, he being a son of Thomas, who founded the family in New Brunswick. Thomas was of Irish descent on his father’s side, and English on that of his mother. Thomas had two brothers, officers in the English army, and who were with Wellington at Waterloo. James’ wife, and grandmother of the subject of this sketch, was Margaret, a daughter of Captain William Cox, who was also a loyalist. Prof. Keirstead was educated primarily at the common and superior schools of his native parish, when he entered the University of New Brunswick, and subsequently Newton Theological Institution, Newton, Massachusetts. He graduated at the head of his class in 1873, at the university, and at the Newton Theological Institution in 1876, and subsequently obtained the degree of M.A. from Acadia College. At the university he took all the studies in the prescribed course for B.A., and, in addition, took honors for special work in mathematics, English language and literature, and French language and literature. At the Theological Institution he followed the regular course of three years for full graduation. The course embraced among other studies, New Testament interpretation (Greek), Old Testament interpretation (Hebrew), systematic and biblical theology, pastoral theology, homiletics, church polity, church history, and history of doctrines. He also took special lectures in Hebrew. As might be expected, from the position Professor Keirstead occupies, he holds strongly the views of the Baptist denomination. As a controversialist he is one of no light calibre, having great force of character, and intellectual gifts, both natural and acquired, of the highest order. He married, June 21st, 1877, Mary J., second daughter of the late Joel Fenwick, of Millstream, Kings county, N.B. The Fenwicks are of English descent, Matthew, the father of Joel, coming from that country and settling in New Brunswick. Matthew Fenwick’s wife was Miriam, a daughter of William Freeze, who settled in Amherst, N.S., from England, and afterwards migrated to New Brunswick. Mrs. Keirstead’s mother was Ann, daughter of Robert McLeod, whom it is not necessary to state was of Scottish extraction. Professor Keirstead was ordained a pastor of the Baptist church at Milton, Yarmouth, N.S., December 5th, 1876. In 1877 he was installed as pastor of the church of the same body at Windsor, Nova Scotia, which pulpit he occupied until called upon to fill his present high position. He is secretary of the Baptist Convention of the maritime provinces, and has occupied that relation to the body for nine years. Professor Keirstead is also known in literature, more particularly, of course, in that connected with the church to which he is such an ornament. At the present writing his family consists of two children; one boy and one girl, both of whom are, of course, still young.

Fitzpatrick, Charles, Advocate, Quebec. Although still quite a young man, the subject of this sketch has already won a foremost position at the Quebec bar, and his reputation is more than local. There are few members of his profession whose name is more widely known beyond the limits of that province. It sprang into general prominence with the Riel case, and during some anxious months it was constantly before the world in connection with the trial of the half-breed leader, and the efforts made to obtain a commutation of his sentence. Mr. Fitzpatrick is of Irish Catholic parentage and was born at Quebec on the 19th December, 1853; his father’s name being John Fitzpatrick, and his mother’s, Mary Connolly. His ancestry were always noted for their devotion to the cause of Ireland, and our subject is, in this respect, an ardent follower in their patriotic footsteps. His grandfather, James Fitzpatrick, was a prominent supporter of the great Irish leader, Daniel O’Connell, during the repeal agitation. Young Charles Fitzpatrick was educated at the Quebec Seminary and Laval University, of which last he was, in 1876, the Dufferin medallist in the law faculty. On being admitted to the practice of the law, he rapidly pushed into note, and acquired a large business. His ability as a criminal lawyer was so marked that, under the Joly provincial government in 1879, it singled him out for the crown prosecutorship for the city and district of Quebec; and in that responsible capacity he acted for some time to the satisfaction of the public and the enhancement of his own reputation. Upon the defeat of the Joly ministry he was replaced by their successors; but, on the return of the Liberals to power in the province, with the Hon. H. Mercier, in 1887, he was again appointed crown prosecutor for the Quebec district, and still holds the office. During the interval, between 1880 and 1887, he figured prominently in most of the important cases before the provincial courts. He represented the Belgian government in the celebrated Tournai frauds case at Montreal, and the United States government in the great Eno extradition case at Quebec, and, in 1885, he woke to find himself famous all over the Dominion, by his retainer as one of the leading counsel for the defence in the Riel case. In politics he is a strong Liberal, and has taken an active part in nearly all the federal and provincial elections in his section since 1878. He speaks both languages with equal familiarity and fluency, and is as much at home in addressing a French as an English audience. He has travelled in America and Europe. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He married on the 20th May, 1879, Corinne, daughter of the late Hon. R. E. Caron, the second lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec under Confederation, and a sister of Sir A. P. Caron, Dominion minister of militia.

Williams, Richard Wellington, Three Rivers, Quebec, Druggist, and one of the prominent Temperance leaders of that province, was born in Montreal, July 15th, 1853. He comes of English stock, his father being Richard Williams, a confectioner, and native of Tavistock, Devonshire, England, his mother’s maiden name being Gendle, also a native of the same place. His father died while our subject was very young, and his mother married, some time afterward, Thomas Roderick Massey, J.P., of Nicolet county, Quebec, where Mr. Williams received his earlier education, including the rudiments of French. In 1865, the family moved into the town of Nicolet, where, after attending a French grammar school for some time, he entered Nicolet college, where he took a commercial course for two years, succeeded by a classical one of the same period. Completing his collegiate studies, on the 8th of July, 1870, he was apprenticed with a druggist in Three Rivers. In August, 1875, he removed to Montreal, and matriculated at the Montreal College of Pharmacy, taking a season’s course, and receiving a certificate as “certified clerk,” carrying off honors as a medallist. Soon afterwards, Mr. Williams was engaged as assistant at the laboratory of Dr. J. Baker Edwards, D.C.L., F.C.S., etc., at the same time pursuing his second course at the Pharmaceutical college, acting as assistant to Dr. Edwards, who was professor of practical chemistry, toxicology, and microscopy, at Bishop’s College; professor of chemistry at the college of pharmacy, and professor of chemistry, physics, etc., at the McGill Normal School, besides being public analyst as well. During this period Mr. Williams made the most of his advantages, graduating as pharmaceutical chemist in the spring of 1877, being the medallist of his year. Mr. Williams commenced business in Three Rivers in April, 1878, where he has succeeded in building up a lucrative business. In early life Mr. Williams was confirmed in the Episcopal church, his step-father being a member of that communion, but later on he gave his adherence to the Presbyterian church in Canada, and is a member of St. Andrew’s church of Three Rivers. In 1880, he was elected a manager of St. Andrew’s, and for four years filled the office of Secretary-treasurer, and now occupies the position of chairman of the board. In politics, Mr. Williams has always occupied an independent position as between the two great political parties, but is an out-and-out Prohibitionist, and is quietly waiting the formation of a national party, having the prohibition of the liquor traffic as its main platform. Mr. Williams is a Mason of some prominence in his native province, he being chairman of the permanent committee of the G.C. of Quebec R.A.M.; is also P.Z. and P.G. Superintendent of the same body; also Grand Rep. of the G.C. of Dakota, near Quebec. Mr. Williams also holds the rank of P.M., and a P.D.D.G.M. of the Grand Lodge of Quebec A. F. and A. M. Our subject is also a prominent member of the Independent Order of Foresters. In 1871, Mr. Williams joined the Independent Order of Good Templars. In 1878, he took the G.L. degree of that order, and in 1881, he was elected Grand Treasurer of the G.L. of Quebec, which office he continuously held until 1886, when he was unanimously elected Grand Chief Templar of that province, again being unanimously re-elected to fill that high position in 1887. In 1886, he was one of the two representatives sent by Grand Lodge to the R.W.G.L. session, in Richmond, Va., and in 1887, to the session of that body held in Saratoga, N.Y., both years being drafted upon important committees. Mr. Williams is a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and also of the Board of Trade of his town. In 1886, he was elected one of the twelve councillors who compose the council of the Pharmaceutical Association of the province of Quebec, and the same year was appointed one of the six examiners in connection with this association. He still holds the position of examiner, being re-appointed in 1887. Mr. Williams has travelled somewhat extensively upon this continent, but has never, to the writer’s knowledge, crossed the Atlantic. Mr. Williams married, October 9th, 1879, Alice J., eldest daughter of John Thomas Lambly, son of the late John Robert Lambly, registrar of the county of Megantic, Quebec, and niece of Rev. O. R. Lambly and William H. Lambly, the present registrar, etc., of Megantic county. Mr. Williams has had two children, one son and one daughter. Personally, Mr. Williams is a genial, pleasant gentleman, and naturally has hosts of friends, but these traits of character are never allowed to interfere with the predominant idea of his life, viz., to do all that lies within his power to curtail, and, if possible prohibit, the liquor curse of his native country.

Duncan, John, formerly of St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, in the year 1797, and landed in Miramichi, New Brunswick, in 1821. About the year 1832 he became connected with Mr. John Owens, of St. John, N.B., where, under the firm of Owens & Duncan, they conducted, with great success, a ship-building and ship-owning business, until the death of Mr. Owens, in 1867. The firm was widely known and respected for the management of their affairs under the strictest business morality. Mr. Duncan devoted much of his time as director and president of many private and corporate bodies. He died 31st January, 1869.

Girard, Abbé Pierre, Priest, Master of Arts, and Superior of the Seminary of St. Charles-Borromée, Sherbrooke, Quebec, was born February 14th, 1849, at St. Marie de Monnoir, at the foot of the woody Mount Johnson. He was the son of Pierre Girard, husbandman, and of Marie Peletier. On his father’s side he belongs to a large and influential family, who have furnished many men of merit to the country, and exercised a great influence in the United States. From his mother he inherited many of the Peletier qualities, so well known for their enterprising spirit, firmness, and indomitable energy. His father passed the greatest part of youth at Detroit, where he owned a vessel and coasted between that town and Chicago, then a humble village. A prolonged storm which he endured on Lake Michigan, and the rigors to which he was subjected, determined him to abandon this perilous life and return to his native country, after an absence of seven years. The childhood of Mr. Girard was passed under the watchful eyes of a loving mother. Being the eldest of the family, and more separated from the society of other children, he was reserved, serious and more than ordinarily timid. He then developed his aptitude for industry, of which he made such great use later. His favorite amusement was application to mechanism. In this connection he bears a long scar on his left wrist, inflicted while experimenting with a miniature saw-mill. This accident terminated an enterprise which had been closely calculated. He studied the elements of science in the common school which he attended from the age of seven years, from which he was a mile distant. His progress was so rapid that after three years his parents sent him, in 1859, to the college of Monnoir, where he studied in classics and mechanics. Endowed with unusual talents and an extraordinary memory, he made these two courses in seven years. Besides Latin and Greek, Mr. Girard speaks French, English and Italian. Through his knowledge of literature, philosophy and mathematics, he was made a professor of these sciences. He is familiar and occupied with all scientific subjects. The seminary of St. Charles-Borromée is designated by the city of Sherbrooke as one of its principal edifices. Mr. Girard draughted the plans and directed the works of construction, which is an unexceptionable proof of his architectural competency, whilst the museum is extensive and rich in mineralogy, conchology, ornithology, zoology, etc., collected under his supervision, and placing him in the first rank as a naturalist. Scarcely seventeen years of age, repudiating all the allurements and seductions of the world, Mr. Girard enrolled himself in the ranks of the Roman Catholic clergy, and it is from this epoch that his career as an educator of youth dates. He was ordained priest the 23rd September, 1871, and continued to teach in the college of Monnoir until the 14th of February, 1874, when he went to Coaticook, where he filled the office of assistant, besides officiating extensively at Barford and the boundary line. In 1875, the first bishop of the new diocese of Sherbrooke, his lordship, Ant. Racine, wishing to establish a seminary at Sherbrooke, believed he could not do better than entrust this great enterprise to the erudition, experience, and practical knowledge of the Abbé Girard. He was not deceived in his estimate of this energetic man, as the seminary of St. Charles-Borromée to-day ranks as one of the most flourishing institutions in the province of Quebec, and is patronized by the sons of the best families in the Dominion; among the number being the two sons of his honor Lieutenant-Governor Angers. The number of pupils who each year present themselves for admittance is so great that the Abbé is forced to refuse them, notwithstanding the work of enlargement which is being vigorously pushed forward. The secret of this astonishing success lies in the fact of the practical teaching of the two languages. To accomplish this it requires eighteen competent professors of many years experience. With a man of the Abbé Girard’s acknowledged ability, profound talents, and sterling piety, at the head of such an establishment, nothing more can be desired to insure its permanent success. In 1884 and 1885 he made a long voyage across the sea, in company with His Lordship Gravel, bishop of Nicolet, and the Rev. J. C. Bernard. He visited London, Paris, Rome, and the Holy Land, and then with the latter all the countries of Europe, with the exception of Spain and Portugal, which had to be omitted, being devastated with that fatal epidemic, cholera. They both have related the most interesting reminiscences of their tour, which lasted a year. Since his return Mr. Girard has entered into his work with renewed ardor. Work seems to have no effect upon his strong constitution; he utilizes his spare moments in historical researches on the Eastern townships, which he published in his Annual Memoirs of the Seminary. He printed as well as composed, in his hours of recreation, this annual, which already forms two large vols. in 8vo. In spite of all this work, he still found means of shining in the pulpit, where he preached sermons deserving of publication. A few years ago he published a “Method of Plain-Chant,” which has been well appreciated by the public, as shown by the fact of its being in its fourth edition. Being professor at the little seminary of St. Mary, he founded, in 1872, a journal, having for its name “Echo du College de Monnoir.” This publication, which lasted more than two years, contained articles worthy of the aptitude of his directorship. It would still exist if Mr. Girard had not been called to exercise his activity in another sphere. Mr. Girard was already episcopal counsellor of Sherbrooke up to August 9th, 1885, when his lordship, Bishop Gravel, honored him by nominating him vicar-general of the diocese of Nicolet, the 1st of November of the same year.

Allnatt, Rev. Francis John Benwell, D.D., Professor of Pastoral Theology in the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec, was born at Clapham, a suburb of London, England, on the 15th of January, 1841. He is a member of a family for many generations resident at Wallingford, Berkshire; and his father, the Rev. F. J. Allnatt, M.R.C.S., is at present the vicar of Grinsdale, Carlisle, England. The subject of this sketch was educated at St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury, and, coming out to Canada in 1864, was immediately on his arrival, ordained deacon by the Anglican bishop of Quebec, and appointed to the mission of Drummondville, on the St. Francis river. This he retained for twenty-one years, with the exception of a period of two years (1872-4), during which he volunteered for service as missionary on the coast of Labrador. He was ordained priest in 1865, and took the degree of Bachelor of Divinity in 1878, and that of Doctor in 1886, at Bishop’s College, Lennoxville. In 1879 he was appointed as colleague to share with Dr. Weir, of Morrin College, the inspection of academies and model schools for the province of Quebec, an office which he held, in addition to his parochial charge, until 1885, when he resigned both on being appointed rector of St. Matthew’s church, in the city of Quebec. Early in the present year (1887) it was definitely decided to establish at the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, a new chair, that of Pastoral Theology, with the object of inaugurating a more complete method of training and discipline for those graduates and other students who were engaged in immediate preparation for holy orders. The most important feature of this new departure was the residence of these students with the professor, for the purpose of closer intercourse with him and more frequent opportunities for devotion and instruction. Dr. Allnatt was appointed as the first occupant of the chair, and entered upon his new duties in September, 1887. He had previously, for some ten years, held the office of examiner in Divinity to the university. In 1874, Dr. Allnatt married the widow of Ignace Gill, M.P.P. This lady is a daughter of the late William Robin, a native of London, but of Swiss descent, and educated at Geneva. He entered the British service under the auspices of the Count de Meuron, and was a lieutenant in a regiment named after that nobleman, and when about eighteen years of age the regiment was sent to Canada, about 1812. It was disbanded a few years afterwards, and officers and men received grants of land in the neighborhood of Drummondville. Besides minor literary efforts, Dr. Allnatt has published a book entitled, “The Witness of St. Matthew,” an inquiry into the sequence of inspired thought pervading the First Gospel, and into its result of unity, symmetry and completeness, as a perfect portrait of the Perfect Man. This book, which is published by Kegan Paul, London, England, has met with much favorable notice at the hands of both the British and American press. The London Guardian, in the course of a very flattering review, designates it as “a careful, thorough and systematic analysis, with suitable remarks, of the contents of the first Gospel, with a view to elicit and illustrate the special features of St. Matthew’s presentment of Christ’s Person and work,—a task which the author has accomplished with much discernment and lucidity.”

Emmerson, Rev. Robert Henry, New Brunswick.—The late Rev. Robert Henry Emmerson, a clergyman of the Baptist denomination in New Brunswick, had his birth in Northumberland county, N.B., October 11th, 1826. His father was John Emmerson, who at an early age came from England with his parents to Charlottetown, P.E.I., and his mother, Maria Tozer, of Miramichi, N.B. Both were members of the Baptist church in the latter place. In his boyhood Mr. Emmerson manifested a very marked taste for reading and study, with an acute perception and tenacious memory. The exercise of his mind on the subject of religion may be dated back to his earliest recollections. “From a child” he, like Timothy, “knew the Scriptures,” hence the readiness and fluency which always characterised him when quoting from the sacred volume. He first received the ordinary education obtainable at the common schools, thence attended the Baptist seminary—a high school or academy, in Fredericton, N.B.—after which he sought the greater facilities for education to be found at Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., in order to be the better qualified for the work to which he felt himself called, namely, that of the ministry. In 1848 the Baptist church at Maugerville, one of the oldest settlements in New Brunswick, invited Mr. Emmerson to preach to them. He continued there two years. When at college his natural abilities were observed, and while pursuing his studies he frequently preached at Windsor, N.S., and elsewhere, by request. During this period he wrote a number of articles for the press, which attracted public attention. On the 29th of July, 1852, he was regularly set apart to the work of the ministry, and accepted the pastoral charge of the church at Maugerville, Sunbury county, N.B. At this time he was nearly twenty-six years of age. On the 10th of August, 1852, he married Augusta A. Read, eldest daughter of Joseph Read, senior member of the firm of Joseph Read & Co., of Minudie, N.S., and Boston, Mass. From July, 1852, to August, 1856, he retained the pastoral charge of the church in Maugerville. The records of that church show how ably and prosperously he filled that important office. During this period he read much, circulated a large amount of religious and intellectual reading, wrote for the public press, travelled extensively in the United States, kept up private and professional studies, and performed the arduous duties of the pastor, enjoying frequent revivals which involved a great amount of labor. In the spring of 1855 Mr. Emmerson made an extensive tour in the United States. While there he attended the general meeting of the American Bible Union, held at Chicago in May of that year. His letters to the Christian Visitor (the organ of the Baptists in New Brunswick), descriptive of the places he visited, gave evidence of great powers of observation, and an ability to take up the incidents and scenes of his travels and make them of interest to others. He vastly enjoyed his intercourse there with Dr. Cone, Dr. Wyckoff, and others then eminent in the Baptist denomination in the United States. Possessing a magnetism of manner, he made many warm friends there, and was strongly urged by them to make the United States his home. They believed that his remarkable ability as an extempore speaker rendered him peculiarly fitted for the pastorate of one of their city churches, where extempore preaching was then in demand. On his return home he received a call from a church in Cleveland, Ohio, but his strong attachment to home and the provinces prevented his acceptance. Subsequent overtures from churches in New York and Boston were refused for like reasons. In November of the same year Mr. Emmerson visited the Southern States. While there he was solicited to take charge of a church in Richmond, Va., but declined. In the columns of the Christian Visitor of that day are to be found many contributions from his pen. On the failure of Mrs. Emmerson’s health, he was compelled to leave Maugerville; and having received a call from the First Baptist Church of Moncton, N.B., he accepted it, and removed there on the 1st of September, 1856. Here was the scene of his last and most prominent labors. Moncton had then suddenly arisen to a place of importance among New Brunswick towns, on account of the railway operations, which had then just commenced, and of the shipbuilding industry, which then flourished there. The result was a large influx of people, which gave a wider scope and greater prominence to Mr. Emmerson’s labors. The church soon rose under his ministry, and their house of worship was found to be altogether too small. A large and expensive building was accordingly commenced, and was finished after his death. He only lived about a year after moving to Moncton, during which time very many were added to the church. What promised to be a useful and brilliant career was too soon ended. He died on the 11th of September, 1857, at the early age of thirty years and eleven months. His death was sudden, being caused by typhoid fever. In the mysterious providence of God he was, in the prime of manhood, in the full vigor of his ministry, and in the midst of a wide field of usefulness, called to his eternal rest. Mr. Emmerson will long be remembered as an eloquent speaker, an original thinker, and an earnest and exemplary worker in the cause of his Master. It was much regretted by his friends that his sermons were not prepared for publication, which would have been done had he lived longer. Mr. Emmerson left a widow and three children—two sons and a daughter—all of whom are now living. The sons, H. R. Emmerson and F. W. Emmerson, are barristers of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick in active practice; and the daughter is Emma Emmerson Atkinson, wife of H. Atkinson, of Moncton, N.B., barrister-at-law. Mrs. Atkinson is a prominent member and worker of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union of New Brunswick.

Brown, Henry Braithwaite, Q.C., LL.M., Sherbrooke, Que., was born on 7th October, 1845, at Chichester, county of Sussex, England. His parents were Rev. Thomas Brown, M.A., prebendary of Chichester Cathedral, who died in October, 1878, and Jane Lewis Brown, née Goodyear. The subject of this sketch was educated at the prebendal school, and received an excellent classical education. In 1867 he left England and settled in Sherbrooke, his first position being that of principal of the Sherbrooke Academy. In 1886 he was elected bâtonnier of the bar for St. Francis district, and is now a delegate to the general council of the bar. He is also president of the Stanstead and Sherbrooke Mutual Fire Insurance Co., city attorney of Sherbrooke, and one of the trustees of Compton Ladies’ College. In politics he is a consistent Conservative, and in religion a staunch adherent of the Church of England. In 1872 he was married, at Quebec, to Charlotte Mary Holwell Bligh, a daughter of the late John Bligh of the Ordnance department of the War office at Quebec. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1871, received the degree of LL.M. from the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1883, and was appointed Q.C. in 1886.

Carbray, Felix, Quebec, is the senior member of the well known firm of Carbray, Routh & Co., commission merchants, of Quebec and Montreal, and not only holds a good position in Quebec commercial society, which he has won by his business ability and energy, but fills a considerable space in the eyes of the Irish Catholic population of the ancient capital, whom he represented in the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, from 1881 to 1886. As may be surmised, Mr. Carbray, though a native of Canada, is of Irish extraction. Both of his parents were from the county Tyrone, Ireland, and his father, the late Niall Carbray, who was a farmer, occupied for many years the historic Holland farm, near the city of Quebec, where the subject of this sketch was born on the 23rd December, 1835. His mother’s maiden name was Catherine Connolly. He was also educated at Quebec, where he has resided throughout his life, though he has travelled extensively in America and Europe, principally on business connected with the trade in lumber, in which his house is engaged. He was one of the pioneers of the lumber trade between the St. Lawrence and South America, and is still largely interested in it. In addition to his other duties, he fills the important position of consul of Portugal at the port of Quebec. A Roman Catholic in religion, Mr. Carbray has been honored by the St. Patrick’s congregation of Quebec with election and re-election as one of the trustees of their church, and is also a trustee of that noble Irish Catholic charity, the St. Bridget’s Asylum, of Quebec. He has taken an equally active and leading part in all the local national movements of his fellow-countrymen, and has been president of the St. Patrick’s Literary Institute, the Irish National Association, and other Irish bodies in Quebec. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and at the provincial general elections in 1881, yielding to the solicitations of his friends, he ran as the party candidate for the electoral division of Quebec West and, after a hard fight, was elected by a good majority to represent that constituency in the Legislative Assembly in the province. His parliamentary career was very creditable. Though he did not often address the House, he was always listened to with the utmost respect, being an equally good speaker and debater in both English and French, and never wasting his powder except on serious and interesting subjects with which he was most conversant, such especially as questions of finance and commerce. In fact, so marked a figure was he in this respect in the legislature from 1881 to 1886, that rumor frequently connected his name with a cabinet office, and there is little doubt that had he continued in public life and his party been re-elected to power at the general elections of 1886, he would have sooner or later, entered the provincial ministry. During the last session of his term, he was the mover in the Legislative Assembly of the resolutions adopted by that body in favor of granting Home Rule to Ireland, and expressing sympathy with Mr. Gladstone in his efforts to solve the Irish problem peacefully, without dismembering the Empire. At the general elections on the 14th October, he again ran as the Liberal-Conservative candidate for Quebec West, and, though political feeling in the province ran high at the time, owing to the Riel agitation, was only defeated by the slender majority of eight votes, owing largely to over confidence on the part of his friends. Since then, Mr. Carbray has devoted himself exclusively to the management of the large and growing business of his firm. In May, 1854, he married Margaret, daughter of William Carberry, who emigrated to Quebec from Carrick-on-Suir, Waterford, Ireland, in 1847.

Emmerson, Henry Robert, LL.B., Dorchester, N.B., was born at Maugerville, in the county of Sunbury, province of New Brunswick, on the 25th day of September, 1853. He is a son of the Rev. Robert Henry Emmerson, Baptist clergyman, and Augusta Read Emmerson, his wife. His grandfather, John Emmerson, came from England, and engaged in the lumber business at Miramichi, N.B. At the time of the great fire there, in 1825, he lost much property, and came near losing his life. His grandfather, on the mother’s side, was Joseph Read, of Minudie, N.S., of the firm of Joseph Read & Co., of Minudie, N.S., and Boston, Mass. Mr. Read was one of the pioneers in the grindstone business between the provinces and the United States, and owned large and valuable quarries in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick at the time of his death. Our subject received a high school education at the following places:—St. Joseph’s College, Memramcook, N.B.; Amherst Academy, Amherst, N.S.; Mount Allison Academy, Sackville, N.B.; Boston English High School, Boston, Mass.; Horton Collegiate Academy, Wolfville, N.S., and attended lectures at Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., for two years, pursuing a partial course, devoting his time principally to English, Latin, French, mathematics, and the natural sciences. In the year 1871 he went to Boston and attended a commercial college, and obtained a position in the office of the firm founded by his grandfather, and afterwards was given the position of bookkeeper. He continued in this position until 1874;, when he came to Dorchester, N.B., to pursue the study of the law in his native province, in the office of the then Hon. Albert J. Smith (afterwards Sir Albert J. Smith). Mr. Smith having given up his professional practice on account of his public duties as minister of marine and fisheries, he entered, in Michaelmas term, 1874, as a student-at-law in the office of Albert J. Hickman, barrister, who had succeeded to Mr. Smith’s law practice. He read law with Mr. Hickman until 1876, when he attended the Boston University Law School, in Boston, Mass. He graduated in June, 1877, with the degree of LL.B., and in Michaelmas term, 1877, was admitted an attorney of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. At the Law School he had the honor to carry off the prize from the members of the graduating class of that year for the best essay on “The Legal Condition of Married Women.” This prize, offered by the faculty of the Law School, was $50. In November, 1877, he entered into a legal copartnership with Mr. Hickman, in whose office he had studied. The firm of Hickman & Emmerson continued with success until the death of Mr. Hickman, in March, 1879, when Mr. Emmerson associated with Mr. Burton S. Read, under the firm name of Emmerson & Read. In 1882 Mr. Read retired from the practice of the law, and our subject continued alone until 1886, when the firm of Emmerson, Chandler & Chapman, consisting of William B. Chandler, LL.B., W. H. Chapman and himself, was formed. In 1883, on the death of Sir Albert J. Smith, K.C.M.G., Mr. Emmerson became the managing executor of his estate, under his will. He has been closely identified with the Westmoreland county Liberal Association for years, taking an active part in the affairs of the party in the county and province. Was one of the owners of the Daily Transcript, a Liberal newspaper, published at Moncton, N.B., until 1887, when it was purchased by Mr. Hawke. In the general election of 1887 he was selected by the Liberal party of Westmoreland to contest that county in the Liberal interest against Mr. Josiah Wood, the Conservative M.P. for that county, and who had defeated Sir Albert J. Smith in the contest of 1882. He was defeated by about the same majority that Mr. Wood had over the late Sir Albert Smith. The Liberal party in this contest pledged itself to run the election within the letter and spirit of the law relating to bribery and corruption, and the resolution was most rigidly observed. The Liberals claimed that their opponents did not observe any such rule. Mr. Emmerson has travelled over a portion of the eastern and middle States, and Canada. In religious belief Mr. Emmerson adheres to the faith of his father and mother, who were Baptists. In June, 1878, he married Emily C. Record, only daughter of C. B. Record, iron founder, of Moncton, N.B. Mr. Record was one of the first to establish an iron foundry in New Brunswick outside of St. John. Besides his practice as counsel in court, etc., our subject has a large practice in estate business. He is executor under the will of Thomas Keillor, late of Dorchester, whose estate is large. That, with Sir Albert Smith’s estate and other estates, demand much of his time. Notwithstanding his busy life, Mr. Emmerson has devoted considerable of his time to public affairs, having taken the field in every political contest since 1878. He is a speaker of marked ability, possessing a magnetism rarely found in the public speakers of the present day. He has also taken a deep interest in emigration matters, having instituted or inaugurated an emigration scheme from the kingdom of Denmark to the county of Westmoreland, N.B., the scheme being under the direct management of his firm. There is now being circulated in Denmark a pamphlet prepared by them, having for its object the encouragement of a good class of emigrants to occupy the new and unoccupied farms of that magnificent county. The expense attending upon this scheme is borne entirely by Mr. Emmerson and his firm. In his professional career Mr. Emmerson has been, during the past seven years, connected with almost every one of the important suits tried in Westmoreland and Albert counties. The case of ex parte Rand, a case arising out of the Scott Act election of 1884, involving the question as to what “scrutiny of votes” meant, was one of the important cases in which he was engaged, having been employed by the Westmoreland Prohibitory Alliance to look after their interests therein. Upon the advice of himself and Attorney-General Blair, the case was appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, with success. In November, 1887, Mr. W. H. Chapman, one of his partners, having been appointed clerk of the county court of Westmoreland, retired from the firm, which is now Emmerson & Chandler, with offices at Dorchester and Moncton, in Westmoreland county. Mr. Emmerson’s talent as a public speaker has led him to be frequently called upon to lecture, which he occasionally does at places within the county. He is largely connected with the public enterprises of the county, and takes an active interest in the manufacturing, shipping, and other industrial institutions therein. With Mr. W. F. George, of Sackville, he has been at the back of the woollen manufacturing establishment at Port Elgin, N.B. Mr. Emmerson is solicitor for the Merchants’ Bank of Halifax, Dorchester and Moncton, and from 1882 until 1886, when he resigned, was agent of the Bank at Dorchester, not doing routine work, but having a supervision over and responsibility for the work. He is a director of the Maritime Baptist Publishing Company, the company managing and publishing The Messenger and Visitor, the organ of the Baptists in the maritime provinces. Our subject is a Liberal in English and Canadian politics, a great admirer of Gladstone and of Edward Blake. He is a strong advocate of free and unrestricted trade with the United States, and would break down all customs barriers. His commercial experience in Boston was to earn money to pursue his law studies, and also to give himself an insight into business affairs, as a help in his profession. Mr. Emmerson has three children, the eldest seven years of age.

Nolin, Charles, Sheriff of St. John’s, Quebec, was born May 18th, 1819, in St. Athanase county, and district of Iberville. His father was Ambroise Nolin, Isle D’Orleans, Quebec, later of St. Luc, district of Iberville, a farmer by occupation, who married Margaret Morin, of St. Luc. Ambroise died at St. Athanase, in 1867, while his wife lived until 1882, in which year she succumbed at a ripe old age. Our subject received a good commercial education at the school of his native parish, commencing business on his own account as general merchant, at St. John’s, in 1846. This business he carried on successfully for fourteen years, and by strict business integrity, together with economical habits, was enabled to retire from active business pursuits. On the 16th of May, 1863, he was appointed high constable of St. John’s, which position he held until 1865, when he resigned to accept the office of deputy-sheriff, which was then tendered him; receiving his present appointment as high sheriff on the 17th of November, 1873. Sheriff Nolin married, in 1846, Clorinthe, daughter of J. Duquet, of Chateauguay, merchant, and whose son, Joseph, was one of the “patriots” of 1837, who were executed along with Cardinal, in Montreal, in 1838. Sheriff Nolin has had issue eleven children, seven of whom are now living, one of his sons being Professor Alphonse Nolin, who occupies the classical chair in the Ottawa College. C. A. G. Nolin, the eldest son, is now a merchant of some standing in Washington territory, U.S. Joseph, another son, is a dentist, practising at Ottawa. Of his daughters, Marie Louise married L. A. Trudeau, a dentist, of St. John’s; Marie Elmire Clorinthe married Joseph Hector La Rocque, druggist, of the same place, and Maria Eudolie married J. E. Z. Bouchard, advocate, St. John’s, and now holding the position as French translator to the government of Quebec; the youngest daughter, Rosalinda, not married, lives at home. In the troublous times of 1837-8, Mr. Nolin took part in the rebellion of that period, and was taken prisoner; he, however, being more fortunate than many of his comrades, was discharged. Sheriff Nolan is an adherent of the Roman Catholic faith, and an ardent supporter of the church and faith of his forefathers. Though now well advanced in years, he is yet full of vigor, and delights in recounting the more stirring events of his rather eventful life.

MacKinnon, Tristiam A., General Superintendent of the Ontario and Atlantic Division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, has his office in Montreal. Mr. Mackinnon belongs to that hardy, virtuous and thrifty stock of Scotch-Irish, who, to the best qualities of the race from which they sprang, have added something of the impetuosity, quick-wittedness and capacity for adapting themselves to new situations, which distinguish the Hibernian Celt. It is a stock that has been ably represented in North America. Both in the United States and Canada, a considerable proportion of the most prominent citizens in all walks of public and private life have been proud to belong to it: President Buchanan, Motley, the historian; the ill-fated Montgomery, the scene of whose death is one of the points of interest to the stranger visiting Quebec; the Workman family of Toronto and Montreal, the late Sir Francis Hincks, Bishop Charles Hamilton and his brother, the Hon. John Hamilton, and others that will, doubtless, at once occur to the reader, men as are by birth or descent, members of the same vigorous and progressive race. Mr. MacKinnon was born in Ireland, on the 7th of August, 1844. He did not enter the railway service at so early a stage in his career as some of his colleagues who have, like himself, risen to distinction. He had attained the years of mature manhood when, in December, 1868, he was offered and accepted the position of clerk and time-keeper in the Passumpsic Railroad shops at Lynderville, Vermont. His merit was quickly recognized. In 1871 he became superintendent’s clerk and acting superintendent on the same line, and remained in that twofold capacity in connection with the road until August, 1873, when he was made superintendent of the Brockville and Ottawa and Canada Central Railways. In October, 1880, he received the appointment of assistant general manager of the South Eastern Railway, in which position he acquitted himself with such satisfaction to the company and the public that it was deemed to the advantage of both to give him entire charge of the administration. Finally, on the transfer of the South Eastern Railway to the Canadian Pacific company, he was appointed (1st October, 1886), general superintendent of the Ontario and Atlantic division of that great line, and no person, directly or indirectly connected with the road, has had reason to regret his promotion.

Smith, William, M.P. for South Ontario, Columbus, Ontario, was born in the township of East Whitby, November 16th, 1847, is the son of William Smith and Elizabeth Laing, his wife, natives of Morayshire, Scotland. He was educated at the public school, Columbus, and Upper Canada College, Toronto. He was a lieutenant in the 6th company (Brooklin), 34th battalion V. M. I. for a number of years. He has been a trustee of Columbus public school since 1869; was president of the South Ontario Agricultural Society in 1881; deputy reeve of the township of East Whitby from 1878 to end of 1882; reeve from 1883 to end of 1886; and is now vice-president of the Clydesdale Association of Canada. He belongs to the I.O.O.F., having joined November 11th, 1887. He has always taken an active part in both municipal and political affairs, and was defeated for the House of Commons in June, 1882, by fifty, but was successful at the last general election in 1887. In politics he is a Conservative; in religion a Presbyterian. He was married May 25th, 1880, to Helen Burns, daughter of the late James Burns, farmer, of the township of East Whitby. Mr. Smith is a farmer, and has lived on the same farm since his birth. He takes a great interest in Clydesdale horses, Durham cattle, and Cotswold sheep.

Power, Hon. Lawrence Geoffrey, LL.B., was born in Halifax, N.S., on the 9th of August, 1841. His father, the late Mr. Patrick Power, was a prominent figure in Nova Scotia politics and represented the county of Halifax in the House of Commons from 1867 to 1878, with the exception of the period between the general elections of 1872 and 1874. The subject of this sketch began his school life at a day school taught in the basement of St. Patrick’s church, at Halifax, by an old gentleman named McDonald. This teacher having removed to an Acadian village called Chezzetcooke, some twenty-four miles from the city, his pupil, then eight years old, followed him, and remained under his care for about nine months longer. Shortly after his return to Halifax he became a pupil in St. Mary’s College, where he remained for some seven years. Amongst his teachers during this time were the Very Rev. Monsignor Power, lately deceased; the Rev. Canon Woods, now of Rockingham, Halifax county; and the Rev. Joseph P. Roles, now a prominent personage in the diocese of Chicago. Leaving Halifax in the Cunard steamer Europa, in February, 1858, after short visits to London and some other English cities, he entered St. Patrick’s Lay College, Carlow, Ireland, in the middle of March. At the midsummer examination he took a good place; and at the close of the next scholastic year, in July, 1859, the subject of this sketch, with three others, went over to England and passed the matriculation examination of the University of London. Two of the four candidates, hailing respectively from Australia and India, were placed in the second division, while a representative of Ireland and Mr. Power succeeded in getting into the first. It was a somewhat curious circumstance that one comparatively small Irish college should have sent to the same examination, in London, four candidates, each representing a separate continent. In October, 1859, Mr. Power matriculated at the Catholic University of Ireland, and became an inmate of St. Patrick’s House, Stephen’s Green, Dublin. Here he was a regular attendant at the various lectures for students of his year, and passed the various terminal examinations creditably. The long vacation of 1860 was spent in France, and the ensuing scholastic year was devoted chiefly to continuous and earnest study. At the close of the year he took the degree of Scholar at the Catholic University, and was placed first in each of the five classes in which he underwent terminal examinations. At the conclusion of the Dublin examinations, Mr. Power went to London, underwent the first B.A. examination in the University, and was placed in the first division. He was also one of six successful candidates at an examination for honors in Latin, held subsequently. While in Dublin, Mr. Power was an active member and secretary of the Debating and Literary Society conducted by the students of the University; and in July, 1861, was the winner of a silver medal awarded for the best English essay on a given historical subject. In a debate which had taken place some time before, he could find only one member who agreed with him in advocating the right of the Southern States to secede from the American Union. In the month of October, 1861, he returned to Halifax, and entered his father’s employ with a view of qualifying himself for the business of a merchant. A few months’ experience satisfied him that his vocation was not to mercantile life, and in the fall of 1862 he began the study of the law as an articled clerk in the office of J. W. & J. N. Ritchie. In the beginning of September, 1864, he became a student at the Law School of Harvard College, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws in January, 1866. Although not a hard student, he attended the lectures of the professors of that day—Joel Parker, Emory Washburn, and Theophilus Parsons—very regularly, and was generally present at the meetings of the Law School Parliament, which met fortnightly during term time. His first speech in this parliament was shortly after his entering the Law School, when he stood up alone to defend England against bitter attacks made upon her for the way in which she discharged her duties as a neutral during the civil war in the United States. As showing the American love of free speech, it may be added that he spoke without interruption, and was applauded when he closed. Among his class-mates at the Law School were Mr. Fairchild, now secretary of the United States treasury, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, jr., at present a judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. Returning home in January, 1866, he completed his course of legal study, and was admitted to the bar in December of the same year. Since that time he has continued to practise law in his native city. From an early day he took a warm interest in politics, and before being admitted, wrote several articles for the Halifax Chronicle against the proposed confederation of the British North American provinces. During several months after his admission, he was a frequent editorial contributor to the Chronicle and the Citizen. In 1867, and again in 1871 and 1875, he was elected clerk assistant and clerk of bills to the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In this capacity it was his lot to draw up several important bills, including the Nova Scotia Medical Act, and the act defining the powers and privileges of the Provincial Legislature. In 1869 he was appointed a commissioner of schools for the city of Halifax, an office which he filled for ten years. In 1870 he was elected an alderman for ward Three, and served the usual term of three years. In 1874 he re-entered the city council, where he remained until October, 1877. In 1873 and 1874 he took an active part in the preparation of the Fourth Series of the Revised Statutes of Nova Scotia, and, in 1876, was associated with the present minister of justice in the preparation of a volume containing the laws and ordinances relating to the city of Halifax. In the beginning of February, 1877, he was called to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the non-attendance of Sir Edward Kenny. This appointment Mr. Power had at first declined, but after further consideration, decided to accept. The seat in the Senate was indirectly the result of a letter over the signature, “An Ultramontane,” published in the Toronto Globe, in March, 1876. This letter, which dealt with the hostile attitude assumed by the then Bishop of Montreal (Monseigneur Bourget), and some other Catholic prelates and clergymen, to the Liberal party, attracted at the time of its publication much attention. Probably his most important literary work since that time is “A Plea for the Senate,” a defence of the House of which he is a member, contained in two letters to the Toronto Globe, published in January and February, 1881. He is also the author of a paper entitled, “Vinland,” an account of the Norse discovery of America, read before the Nova Scotia Historical Society in the winter of 1887. Mr. Power drafted the charter of the University of Halifax, established by statute in 1876, and from that time until the practical extinction of the institution, owing to the withdrawal of the provincial grant by the Holmes government, in 1879, was an active and prominent member of the senate of the University, and an examiner in the Faculty of Law. Owing, in a great measure, to the numerical weakness of the Liberal party in the Senate of Canada, the subject of this sketch has, since his appointment, taken a very active part in the business of the House and its committees. While called upon to speak on subjects of every kind, he has given special attention to constitutional questions, railways, and the fisheries. Among his most important speeches may be mentioned one made in the session of 1879, in which were pointed out, for the first time in parliament, the many advantages of the Sault Ste. Marie route for a railway to the North-West; one in 1880 against the Deceased Wife’s Sister Bill; one in 1884 on the disproportion between the expenditure on the Intercolonial Railway and the receipts from that work; one on the question of Prohibition, and another on the route of the proposed “short line” railway from Montreal to the Lower Provinces, in 1885; one made during the discussion arising out of the proposal to take Senator O’Donohoe into the Cabinet, in 1886; and one made in the session of 1887 on a resolution introduced by Mr. Power, and unanimously adopted by the Senate, to the effect that in any negotiations for the admission of United States fishermen to the territorial waters of Canada, care should be taken that when admitted they should be subject to the laws and regulations governing our own fishermen. Amongst other parliamentary work done by the subject of this notice during recent years may be mentioned the drafting of the Nova Scotia Married Woman’s Property Act, which became law in 1884. Outside of politics, he has taken an active interest in various local matters of a public character, and is now a commissioner of schools for his native city; a commissioner of the Provincial Library, a director of the Victoria School of Art; a director of the Halifax Visiting Dispensary; one of the executive committee of the Halifax Ratepayers’ Association; and a member of the Nova Scotia Historical Society and of the Wanderers’ Athletic Association, as well as of certain associations connected with the Roman Catholic church. Although not a man of extreme views, but rather a conservative Liberal, Mr. Power has been consistent and resolute in his loyalty to the Reform party, and in his opposition to Liberal-Conservatism. His theory of government is that each individual, each family, each hamlet, village, town, city, county and province, should have the greatest liberty and self-government consistent with the safety of the common country, and that the business of government should be carried on according to the same principles which are adopted by prudent men in managing their own affairs. He thinks that the powers of the central government in Canada are greater than they should be, and that the machinery of that government is complicated, cumbrous, ineffective and expensive, to a lamentable degree. If these defects and abuses were removed, and the tariff framed in the interests of the mass of the population instead of as now in the interests of a very small minority, he thinks that the natural advantages of our country would ere long have the effect of largely increasing our wealth, population, and our importance in the eyes of the outside world. Mr. Power was married on the 23rd of June, 1880, to Susan, daughter of Mr. M. O’Leary, of Noodiquoddy, Halifax county.

McDonald, Rev. Clinton Donald, B.A., B.L., B.D., M.A., Ph.B., B.Sc., Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Thorold, Ontario, was born in the city of Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 17th June, 1842. His father, Angus McDonald, and his mother, Mary McDonald, both belonged to the Clan McDonald, of Glencoe, Inverness-shire, and had moved to Glasgow shortly before the birth of their only son. In Glasgow, Angus McDonald, a stalwart Highlander, over six feet in height, served for several years in the city police force, and afterwards removed to the village of Dalmuir, in Dumbartonshire, where he was employed in Tennant’s chemical works, and here he died. Both his parents died before Clinton had seen his tenth birthday, and thus the orphan boy, with his only sister, were thrown upon the world to push their way the best they could. For five or six years Clinton spent his time among the farmers in the parishes of Old Kilpatrick, Cardross, and Row; and having saved a little money he emigrated to Canada. Shortly after his arrival he found employment as a farm hand in the county of Huron, and worked there for about three years as such. Being addicted to no vices, steady, moral, and frugal in his habits, he had in these few years acquired sufficient money to enable him to obtain that which of all things he had long desired, namely, a better education. With this object in view, he gathered together his worldly possessions, and started from the backwoods of the township of Hullett, and took up his abode in the town of Clinton. Here he entered the public school, then taught by John McFaul, where he continued for a year, and then spent another year in the High school taught by George Argo, B.A. When he first entered school he had but the slightest knowledge of geography and grammar, and only the most elementary rules in arithmetic, yet at the end of these two years he had made such rapid progress that, at the examination for teachers in the county of Huron, he obtained a first class teachers’ certificate. He then took up teaching as a profession, and for about two years successfully prosecuted this work. But the desire for a still higher education had taken such possession of his mind that he determined to still further prosecute his studies. He entered Knox College, Toronto, and having passed its full literary and classical courses, entered Toronto University, and passed the first three of its five examinations in the Arts course. Before completing the Arts course in the university he entered the divinity hall of Knox College to study Theology, and on the completion of this course he entered the ministry. During his college course, which lasted about six years, the Rev. Mr. McDonald gained marked distinction, and at the competitive examinations carried off so many of the cash prizes that he was able thereby to pay all the costs of his college career. In 1877, the congregation of the First Presbyterian church of Thorold called the Rev. Mr. McDonald, who at that time had charge of the Presbyterian church at Point Edward, near Sarnia, to become its pastor, and since then the church has had a very successful career. The population of Thorold, through the completion of certain public works in its vicinity, is now about one thousand less than it was when Rev. Mr. McDonald went there, yet though the number of people in the town is much less, the number of members in the Presbyterian church is much greater; that is, while the population has fallen from about three thousand down to two thousand, yet the number of members in the church has risen from ninety-nine up to one hundred and eighty. Looking at the facts above stated, we may fairly conclude that Rev. Mr. McDonald is evidently a man of push and perseverance, and we predict for him a highly honourable career, such an one as must fall to the lot of a man who has thus steadily worked himself up to his present position in the church.

Coldwell, Albert Edward, M.A., Professor of Natural Science, Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S., was born at Gaspereau, Kings county, N.S., September 18th, 1841. The Coldwell family is of English origin, the family name in its present form having been handed down for some centuries. Mr. Coldwell’s great-great-grandfather came to Nova Scotia from New England and took up lands in the beautiful valley of the Gaspereau. Many of his descendants are now living in the immediate vicinity. Our subject’s father was Ebenezer Coldwell and his mother Mary Stevens, also a well known family in Nova Scotia. Mr. Coldwell’s maternal uncle, Rev. James Stevens, was widely known and respected, not only in Nova Scotia but outside of it, as a prominent member of the Baptist ministry, up to the time of his death which occurred at a ripe old age. Mr. Coldwell was educated at Horton Collegiate Academy and Acadia College. He pursued the general classical course, graduating B.A. (with honours) in 1869. At the end of Sophomore year he won the monthly essay prize and in his senior year the Alumni essay prize of $40 open to all undergraduates. Obtained his M.A. degree in 1872. In 1877, Mr. Coldwell won the Vaughan prize of £20 sterling for the best essay on the History of Acadia College. This history is published in the memorial volume issued by the college in 1881, and apart from its historical value is a gem of literary excellence. Prof. Coldwell has not been satisfied with education derived from books alone, but has travelled somewhat extensively and thereby came into immediate contact with the scholars of other countries. For a short time he resided in London, making the most of his opportunities, and he is also familiar with the centres of thought in the eastern and middle States. It is scarcely necessary to add that he is a Baptist. He also married into a well known family of that denomination, his wife being Jessie, a daughter of W. J. Higgins, and niece of Professor Higgins, of Acadia College, and also of Rev. Dr. Higgins, pastor of the Wolfville Baptist Church. In January, 1871, Mr. Coldwell was appointed instructor in mathematics in Horton Collegiate Academy, which post he filled until 1882, when he was appointed instructor in Natural Science in Acadia College. In June, 1884, he was appointed professor in that department, which position he still holds. Prof. Coldwell’s reputation does not rest alone upon his connection with Acadia, but in consequence of the special attention he has given to science studies since graduating he is rapidly gaining a name for himself in the scientific world.

Spencer, Charles Worthington, Montreal, general superintendent eastern division Canadian Pacific Railway, was born on the 31st October, 1857, at Kemptville, Ont. He would confer no small service on mankind, and especially on that portion of it which constitutes the business world of our modern civilization, who would set forth, in the form of “brief biographies,” the stages by which men attain success in the various walks of active life. Soldiers, statesmen, litterateurs, men of science, scholars, and churchmen, who have achieved distinction, rarely lack pens to celebrate their courage, their genius, their learning and their discoveries. Their names become household words in the professions or occupations by which they have risen to fame, so that those who succeed them in the same path of effort are at no loss for examples by which to shape their own careers. In the vast range of multifarious activity—the world of commerce and skilled industry, the world of railroads and steamships, to which our age is mainly indebted for its practical progress—it is unfortunately otherwise. Hundreds of the men who have blessed their kind while advancing their own interest—who have opened up new fields of human labor, who have broadened the realm of trade, and, by inventions, adaptations and administrative talent, have brought communities, severed by thousands of miles, into friendly contiguity, and given facility, safety and comfort to the intercourse between nation and nation—have been allowed to pass away with hardly a record of their existence, and still oftener without any worthy memorial of their services to their fellowmen. To the young man just beginning life; such a biographical collection, based on the careers of men who by the faithful and conscientious use of natural and acquired advantages had won for themselves a name and position in their chosen path of endeavors, would be of untold value. He would learn what qualities to accentuate, what dangers to avoid, how best to avail himself of opportunities as they offered, and, in time, how, by serving faithfully, to fit himself eventually for the task of supervision and command. When such a work, or series of works (as this), is given to the public, there is one name which it is sure to include in its list of examples, that which stands at the head of this memoir. Charles Worthington Spencer, general superintendent of the eastern division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, has the peculiar distinction of being the youngest man in his profession who fills so high and responsible a position. To what gifts and energies he owes his promotion those who have the pleasure of his acquaintance need not be informed. Able, courteous, with a mental grasp that can take in wide surveys, without at the same time neglecting details, he has risen step by step to the exalted place which he occupies with a rapidity rarely, if ever, paralleled on any of our great American lines. Mr. Spencer, at the present time, 1888, is only in his thirty-first year. He entered the railway service on the 7th day of May, 1871, and was operator and clerk at the Ottawa station until May, 1874, when he became assistant agent. He then passed successively through the stages of assistant train despatcher, chief train despatcher, traffic superintendent, assistant superintendent, and assistant general superintendent. From 1st August, 1884, to 30th April, 1885, he was assistant general superintendent of the eastern division; from the latter date to 27th September, 1886, he was assistant general superintendent of the eastern and Ontario divisions. From the latter date to 25th September, 1887, he was acting general superintendent of the same division. On the date last mentioned he received the important appointment which he still holds, that of general superintendent of the eastern division. The whole of Mr. Spencer’s experience was gained in Canada, and in connection with the great enterprise to which he is still so honorably attached. If Canada has reason to be proud of her industry and commerce, which of late have so grand a development, she owes her progress in those respects to her great public works and improvements, her chain of canals and net-work of railways, which same have made inter-communication possible. Of these, the C. P. R. takes the acknowledged lead, and of the men to whom that great route is indebted for that perfection of equipment and administration which have won it the public confidence at home and the admiration of foreigners, not the least worthy of grateful recognition is Charles Worthington Spencer.

Tetreau, Rev. F., was born at St. Hyacinthe, on October 11th, 1819. His parents were honest farmers. Left an orphan when very young, his grandparents carefully watched over his earliest education. At the age of twelve years, under the kind and generous protection of the curé of his parish, he entered and commenced his classical studies at the St. Hyacinthe College, and there terminated them with great success in 1838, in the midst of such distinguished men as the present Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario and the Archbishop of St. Boniface. After mature reflection, this young philosopher became a priest, and consecrated his life to the care and instruction of the young of that institution, which so deservedly merited all his gratitude and devotion. One day his bishop remarked to him, “Be a pillar of the seminary.” This remark became an order, accepted and carried out in its fullest extent. For more than half a century the “pillar” has been in its place, and has only bowed to the inevitable march of time, and Providence has blessed him, and crowned his ripe years with success. The aged priest has the energy and ardor of his younger days, leading a uniform life, and filling all the necessary duties of a college professor. He has practised in his deportment the ascetic maxim, “Ama nesciri et pro nihilo reputari.” This maxim did not prevent him keeping up kindly relations with his brothers in religion or his old pupils, all deeply attached to the cradle of their intellectual life. He was also much interested in the young writers of St. Hyacinthe, as well as elsewhere, Oscar Dunn being one of those of whom he retains an intimate and indelible remembrance. Who knows but that the old priest, in the exuberance of his youth, was guilty of many press delinquencies? Whether he was on the side of the press or not, it is certain he has written a great deal. Since 1849 he has chronicled, collected and made note of every event of importance which has taken place in the world, particularly in Canada, but more especially at St. Hyacinthe and the college. As every change occurs, it has been carefully committed to writing day by day, and these memoirs in the future will serve as a foundation for local history. Those who have had the privilege of seeing the manuscript agree that it is most valuable. After this short and condensed notice, it will easily be understood that the Rev. F. Tetreau has been one of the useful workers of this earth, and his life a general benefit to his fellow-creatures, always practising the maxim, “Ama nesciri et pro nihilo reputari.”

Fry, Edward Carey (Henry Fry & Co., of Quebec) was born in Bristol, the commercial capital of the west of England, on the 24th June, 1842. Although, like many others of our prominent men in the various walks of life, the subject of our sketch was not born in Canada, he is, nevertheless, by commercial training, more than thirty years’ residence in the country, and also by marriage, a typical Anglo-Canadian. He is one of the leading members of Quebec commercial society. His parents were of the middle class in life, but still possessed of sufficient means to give their numerous family the elements of a good sound English commercial education. His surname at once suggests some connection with the Society of Friends commonly known as “Quakers,” and with good reason, for his immediate ancestors were certainly of that denomination, while there is little doubt that those more remote were of the band who left England for these shores to avoid religious persecution, and who appear to have settled in New Brunswick, as the name is well known around St. Stephen’s to this day. In fact, when Mr. Fry’s elder brother, Henry, first landed there in 1853, the first person to address him bore exactly the same name as himself, and with little difficulty they traced their descent to a common ancestor. A Peter Fry left New Brunswick and settled in the county of Somerset, England, where he became the founder of that branch of the family, and numerous are the mural tablets in the picturesque village churches of that county to the memory of different members of this family, who seem to have been held in the highest respect, as was its founder, of whom the following is recorded in marble in the parish church of Axbridge, Somerset: —

“To the Memory of
PETER FRY,
Who resigned his spirit
into the hands of his
Redeemer, 21st September, 1787,
Aged 52 years.
That his example may be
a light to others
Let this stone record his
virtues.
In transacting business
he showed great ability
and clear understanding
and a sound judgment.
He was much trusted and
never betrayed a trust;
yet his inviolable integrity
was tempered with the
gentlest humanity.
In social life, he was
benevolent, friendly
and charitable.
In his domestic connexions,
prudent, affectionate,
and tender.
In his commerce with God,
in whom he placed a
truly Christian confidence,
humble, pious and resigned.
Reader,
‘Go and do thou likewise.’”

George Fry, the father of our subject, though not a member of the Society of Friends, was educated in one of their schools, and a certain amount of quiet reserve, sedateness, and plainness of speech descended from the father to several of his sons, who are still apt to call a spade a “spade” and not an “agricultural implement.” Mr. Edward Carey Fry received his education at the grammar school of Bristol, a city famous for its schools, and by the time he had received all that his friends could give him in that respect, his elder brother Henry had become a Canadian ship-owner, while several of his other brothers were at sea. It was decided that the boy, Edward, should follow their example and he was accordingly apprenticed to Henry and served some time in one of his ships, the well known old Lotus. Although by this means he acquired a knowledge of the sea and of ships, which has since been very valuable to him in his capacity of Lloyd’s Agent, life in a timber ship was necessarily distasteful to a lad of his stamp and, as it was seen, that by education and a certain amount of refinement he was more fitted for his brother’s office in Quebec than for the forecastle of a timber ship, the change was made. There the business portion of his education commenced, progressed, and was completed under his brother’s fostering care, so that for experience of Canadian timber and shipping matters and especially of all that concerns the port of Quebec and its trade, he is probably excelled by none. He was finally taken into partnership by Mr. Henry Fry, a connection only to be dissolved by the lamented break-down of the latter gentleman’s health owing to overwork very largely honorary, philanthropic, and for the welfare of his fellow citizens of Quebec, by whom no one was more highly respected or deservedly regretted. The business has since been carried on by Mr. Edward Carey Fry, under the old and honoured name. After becoming a citizen of Quebec, Mr. Edward Fry added to his previous ties by marrying Elizabeth, the daughter of the Revd. David Marsh, the well-known and esteemed Baptist minister of Quebec, who, like her young husband, was born in England, though transplanted to this country at a very early age. They have a large family of bright, intelligent boys and girls, undoubtedly showing in their physique their Anglo-Saxon origin, but Canadian born and with all the advantages of education that an excellent school system can supply. Mr. Fry has been associated from infancy with the Baptist church. In fact he was named after the great Baptist missionary, Edward Carey, and, as a child, attended Broadmead Baptist chapel, Bristol, well known to the religious world as having been the scene of the labours of Drs. Robert Hall, Foster, and Evans, whose names are historical. In politics, like his elder brother, it is understood that he declines to be tied to any party, his motto being “measures, not men,” and that he will support either side when he believes they are acting honestly for the welfare of his adopted country. If he has a bias, it is believed to be in favour of perfect liberty and equality in religion, politics and commerce, which is only what might be expected from one not very remotely connected with the freedom-loving Society of Friends. At one time his firm was largely interested in the timber business, but this branch has been abandoned by it for some years and its time and attention are now wholly devoted to shipping and commission. Mr. Fry’s position as Lloyd’s Agent and agent for other British and continental underwriters at Quebec, and representing, as he does, several large ship-owning houses, both sail and steam, have given him an extensive and unique experience in getting vessels and cargoes out of difficulties at the least possible cost to all concerned. Like most Quebecers, who have commercial relations with England, he takes periodical trips to his native land. In fact, he has crossed the Atlantic at least fifty times, and it must be said to the credit of his filial affection and sense of patriotism that he never allows his business on such occasions to prevent him, when in England, from paying a visit of love and reverence to the home of his ancestors in Somersetshire, and especially to his father’s native place, the pretty village of Winscombe, where, notwithstanding the march of modern improvement, all is still rustic simplicity. The beautiful old church, with its wealth of historic associations from the days of the Crusaders downwards, and its picturesque churchyard, which commands a series of views of a lovely country and contains one of the finest yew trees in England, are still just as his father knew them in his youth. Time has not perceptibly changed them; but the spot, more than all others, which always interests the son, is that immediately in front of the font in the sacred edifice, on which his father was held for baptism over a hundred years ago. On one of his visits to Winscombe church, Mr. Fry had the pleasure of examining its old register and has now in his possession a certified copy of his father’s baptismal record—a quaint interesting memorial of the past in the old English way of writing. It shows that the old man was born as far back as 1783, or seventeen years before the beginning of the present century, and it can be readily imagined that many notable events in the world’s history were embraced within the recollection of one whose span of existence was prolonged down to our own times in 1868. Mr. Fry still vividly recalls listening at his father’s knee to his stories of his long life, how he could just remember hearing in his boyhood the startling news of the execution of Louis XVI. and his queen Marie Antoinette, and how, as his memory became more vigorous with his growth, he retained more vivid impressions with regard to the battles of the Nile, St. Vincent, and Trafalgar, the nation’s mourning for Nelson, and the times of privateering in which Bristol took a very prominent part, and when wheat was nevertheless a guinea a bushel in the midst of all the ill-gotten wealth of that day. “Fine times those were for the landlords and farmers”—used the old man to say—“but the common people were reduced to the verge of starvation.” And he often added that, though he had probably outlived all the leading spirits of those privateering days, he could not remember any case in which the money so acquired appeared to have done any real good, and that he hoped to see the day when, in time of war, the rights of inoffensive private property would be respected and privateers receive the only rights to which, in his opinion, they were entitled—a good rope at the yard-arm as pirates. Other milestones in his memory, on which he frequently loved to descant for the benefit of his children, were the days of the Regency, the battle of Waterloo, the death of Napoleon, the trial of Queen Caroline, whose husband he thought a sensual brute, though he was styled “the first gentleman in Europe;” the passing of the Reform Bill, the opposition to which by the member for Bristol, Sir Charles Wetherall, contrary to the wishes of his constituents, caused fearful riots and loss of life in that city, the second and even the third French revolution, the abolition of slavery under the British flag in 1834, the accession and marriage of Queen Victoria, the abolition of the corn laws, and the abandonment by Great Britain of protection for the benefits of a vigorous free trade policy. It is scarcely necessary to say that these stirring reminiscences made a deep impression on young Fry’s mind and that, while as a man to-day his preference is for his adopted country and his faith strong in the greatness of its future, he still yields to none either in love for Old England or in unswerving adherence in public and private to the sturdy principles of rectitude which seem to have been so marked a characteristic of his worthy father. Ability and uprightness in business and straightforwardness in all things have won for him the respect of his fellow-citizens of Quebec, and few are held in higher or more deserved estimation by all classes of the population. Mr. Fry is a member of the Quebec Board of Trade, and, though adverse to accepting any prominent position in that or any other public body, because, owing to the demands of his business, he cannot give to them all the requisite time and attention, he nevertheless ever takes a deep and watchful interest in all that concerns the public good, whether in a commercial, municipal, political or religious sense, and can always be counted on to do his duty intelligently and as a good citizen when necessary.

Ogden, Charles Kinnis, Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, on the 11th of February, 1829. He is a son of Isaac Governeur Ogden, who was for forty years sheriff of the district of Three Rivers, and also served as captain in H.M. 56th Regiment, and in another regiment with Colonel De Salaberry. His grandfather was the Hon. Isaac Ogden, judge of the Superior Court, Montreal, and a U. E. loyalist, who was driven out of his possessions in New Jersey by Gen. George Washington, in 1775, his lands being all confiscated on account of his loyalty to the British Crown. The city of New Jersey is now situated in the centre of his farm, but from which the Ogden family receive no income. Mr. Ogden is a nephew of the late Charles Richard Ogden, attorney-general under Sir John Colborne’s administration, in 1837. He is also a nephew of the late William Walker, advocate, of Montreal, who defended the patriots in 1837, and who was a direct descendant of the celebrated Walker who defended Derry during the ever memorable siege. Another uncle was Peter Skene Ogden, who was at one time in business with the celebrated John Jacob Astor, later becoming a partner in the North-West Fur Company, which afterwards amalgamated with the Hudson Bay Company, when he took the position of chief factor, and had charge of Vancouver and Oregon, at the time of the cession of the latter to the U.S. government, which was represented on the occasion of the transfer by General Grant. The subject of this sketch was educated at Lennoxville, P.Q., under the Rev. Mr. Doolittle, also at the high school, Montreal, under the Rev. Mr. Simpson. He has been postmaster of Three Rivers for many years; has also been in the telegraph and insurance business, and was local agent of the Hon. Hudson Bay Company. He was chiefly instrumental in building a fine rectory for the English church clergyman at Three Rivers; he also erected a fine building which was used by the telegraph and insurance companies, and as a post office, but which is now used as a private residence, Sir Hector L. Langevin, C.B., having induced the government to build a post office in Three Rivers, which is an honor to the city. Mr. Ogden has never had any connection with any secret or political societies, and he has always been liberal and conservative in his views, without prejudice to any one. He is a valued and consistent member of the Episcopal church. He was married in 1865, to Rosina Meyer, daughter of William B. Meyer, merchant, of Quebec, and niece of the Rev. Mr. Aldriche, rector of Ipswich, England.

Howard, Robert Palmer, M.D., L.R.C.S.E., Montreal, was born in the city of Montreal, on the 12th January, 1823. His parents, Robert Howard and Margaret Kent, were natives of Ireland, and had settled in Montreal some years before their son Robert was born—Mr. Howard carrying on business as a merchant. The subject of this sketch was educated in Montreal, and studied medicine in the McGill University and in Great Britain and France. Returning from Europe in 1849, he practised his profession in his native city as a “general practitioner” till the year 1880, when he gave up the practice of surgery and confined his attendance to the work of the pure physician. He was appointed Professor of Clinical Medicine in the McGill University in 1856, and on the death of Dr. Holmes, in 1860, succeeded to the chair of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the same institution, which position he still occupies. Two years ago the degree of LL.D., honoris causa, was conferred upon him by the University, in which he has been a professor for thirty-four years, and dean of its medical faculty for six years. In the course of his career he has held several of the offices indicative of professional standing and responsibility. Dr. Howard has been president of the Canada Medical Association; president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec; and president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal. He is one of the vice-presidents of the Association of American Physicians. This year (1887), on the occasion of the celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the College of Physicians, of Philadelphia, he was made Fellow of that distinguished body. For twenty-two years he was one of the attending physicians and surgeons of the Montreal General Hospital, and has been the secretary of that institution for thirty-three years. For the greater part of his professional life in his capacity as a member of the Board of Governors of the Medical Council of his native province, he has endeavoured to elevate the standard of medical education and requirements, and for several years laboured earnestly, but unhappily in vain, with many of the leading physicians in Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec, to bring about a General Medical Council for the Dominion of Canada. He is a member of the Church of England, and has been twice married. First in 1855, to Mary Frances Chipman, daughter of the late Judge Chipman, of Halifax, N.S., by whom he had one son, R. J. B. Howard, M.A., F.R.C.S., Eng., who is associated with his father in the practice of his profession, and is engaged in teaching practical anatomy in McGill College. He married in 1872. His second wife is Emily, daughter of the late Thomas Severs, of London, England, and they have had two sons and two daughters born to them, three of whom are living. A physician thus puts on record his estimation of Dr. Howard’s position and work: “The life of a man of such unceasing industry as Dr. Howard, may be considered from many aspects. As an author he has contributed largely to medical literature during the past thirty years. His studies on pneumonia, phthisis and on heart disease, have made him a recognized authority in the profession. The work on anæmia, which he prepared for the International Medical Congress in 1876, was one of the earliest and remains one of the most important contributions to the subject. The elaborate articles on rheumatism and allied affections published in the System of Medicine, by American authors, 1885, are perhaps the most exhaustive in the English language. The Canadian and American journals contain many lesser contributions from his pen. As a teacher, Dr. Howard has been eminently successful. For some years he held the position of Professor of Clinical Medicine in McGill University, and in 1861, on the death of Dr. Holmes, was transferred to the chair of medicine, which he still occupies. Painstaking industry at the bed-side, a clear, logical mind, a forcible and impressive delivery, combined to make Dr. Howard a model hospital teacher, and his course of didactic lectures on medicine is the most thorough and complete with which the writer is acquainted.” For years Dr. Howard has been a zealous advocate of higher medical education, and to his energy and perseverance is due the endowment of the McGill medical faculty, as well as many other improvements. In the long struggle to establish the Medical Board of the province of Quebec, on a proper basis, Dr. Howard has been very active, and for many years has been the prominent English representative. As a practitioner, Dr. Howard has been exceptionally successful and for years he has been the leading medical consultant in the Dominion. His reputation as a careful observer and close student has gained for him the confidence of the profession in an unusual degree. A kindly, sympathetic manner, scrupulous attention to details and exceptional skill and judgment in the management of cases, have combined to give the laity implicit trust in his opinion. Important and enduring has been Dr. Howard’s influence upon the groups of students which have come under his care and upon the men who have been fortunate enough to be his confrères. Unselfish to a fault, keenly zealous for the welfare of the profession, enthusiastic as a youth, he has—perhaps unconsciously to himself—impressed all with whom he came in contact with the earnestness of life, the nobility of work, and the dignity of his calling.

Pope, Edwin, Superintendent of the Great North-Western Telegraph Company, Quebec, was born at Kingston, Ontario, on the 14th of March, 1843. His father was the late Major Pope, who was for many years provincial store-keeper at Montreal. His mother was Maria Craig. He removed with his parents successively to Montreal and Quebec. He was educated in the latter city, and resided there for several years, in the employ of the Montreal Telegraph Company. In 1862 he was transferred to the company’s Toronto office; and in 1863, at the early age of twenty years, was sent to Watertown, N.Y., as superintendent in charge of the company’s line in the State of New York. In 1866 he was promoted to the still more important and responsible position of the company’s superintendent at Quebec, and was reappointed to the same position in 1881, when the lines were consolidated under the Great North-Western Telegraph Company. He still holds this office, and enjoys the general respect of the population of the ancient capital for his courtesy and blameless life. Mr. Pope is a member of the Church of England, and holds office in various organizations connected therewith, and in other local societies. In 1864 he married Mary Margaret, fifth daughter of Robert McClure, of Toronto, and by her has had issue eight children.

Amherst, Lord Jeffery.—Lord Amherst, who commanded the British army at the surrender of Montreal in September, 1760, one of the bravest officers that ever the nation had the great good fortune to possess, was born in Kent, England, on the 29th January, 1717. He was the second son of Jeffery Amherst, of Riverhead, in Kent, barrister-at-law, and Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Kerrill, of Hadlow, Co. Kent, who had four sons and two daughters. Sackville died unmarried, in 1763; Jeffery, the subject of our sketch; John, an admiral in the Royal Navy; and William, lieut.-general in the army, A.D.C. to the King, lieut.-governor of Portsmouth, governor of St. John’s, Newfoundland, and adj.-general of his Majesty’s forces; Elizabeth and Margaret. A pedigree extant deduces the family of Amherst from the Saxon era. Hamo de Herst is mentioned by Phillpot, to be flourishing in the second year of Edward III. In the next reign, Richard II., the name appears by record to be written, Amherst of Amherst, they (according to Collins) having dropped the Norman de and the aspirate H. Jeffery, Lord Amherst, in his childhood was noted for displaying great fondness for military life, and at that early period gave all his attention to the performance of martial evolutions. His father, observing his strong predilections, was induced to present him to one of his relatives, who was a captain. The sparkling eyes, speaking countenance, and significant manners of the young aspirant, recommended him highly to his superior officers, and at the age of fourteen he received an ensign’s commission in the Guards. Having distinguished himself on several occasions by his modest, prudent, and calm conduct, as well as by his valor, and constant attention to duty, he was, in 1741, appointed General Legonier’s aide-de-camp. In this high capacity he continued to serve in the German fields, and thus was present at the battles of Düttingen, Fontenoy, and Rocoux. He was at the side of the Duke of Cumberland, as aide-de-camp in the battle of Lauffeldt. On that remarkable day, young officer Amherst noticed and appreciated the celebrated James Wolfe, whose enthusiastic devotion and spirited bravery on the same field, drew forth the thanks of the Duke of Cumberland. No sooner had Pitt established himself in office, than he conceived the plan of an attack against the French colonies in America. This statesman had discovered in Colonel Amherst sound sense, steady courage, and an active genius. He therefore recalled him from Germany, and setting aside military forms, promoted him to the rank of major-general, and gave him the command of the troops sent against Louisbourg, Cape Breton. Hon. Edward Boscawen was chosen admiral of the fleet. Equipments were made with great zeal, and on February 19th, 1758, the armament sailed from Portsmouth, for Halifax. General Amherst’s army, which was almost exclusively British regulars, was put in motion, being divided into three brigades, under the Brigadier-Generals Whitmore, Lawrence, and Wolfe. On the 2nd of June, the armament arrived off Cape Breton. The troops were landed near Fresh Water Cove (Comoran Creek), four miles from the town. In a few days the British triumphed over every obstacle, and Amherst entered the city, July 26th, and took possession of the whole island of Cape Breton. Many illustrious persons were present at this victorious scene. Among whom were James Wolfe, the noble hero, who so gloriously fell on the Plains of Abraham, and whose daring skill even then excited great admiration; James Murray, the first British governor of Quebec; Commodore Durrell, the young Earl of Dundonald, who commanded the Grenadiers of the 12th Regiment, and the renowned Captain Cooke, then serving as a petty officer on board a ship of war. There were also Lord Rollo, Major Darling, etc., and Amherst the moving spirit, whose wisdom and energy had enshrined his name in the grateful affections of his countrymen. Amherst wished to follow up his success by pushing forward with his whole army to Quebec, but the engagement at Louisbourg, through the protracted defence of the skilful French governor, Mr. Drucour, delayed the forces of Amherst too long, so that a descent upon Canada was impracticable that year. Amherst sailed for Boston the last of August, and from thence pushed on through the wilderness to Lake George, where he left seasonable supplies with Abercrombie, and returned to Boston, and then to Halifax, to await orders from the British government. Abercrombie endeavored to sustain himself against the French troops to Ticonderoga, but was defeated near this place, and here fell the gallant and good Lord Howe, and with him seemed to pass away the energy and spirit of the army. In this year Fort Duquesne was captured, and the British officers with unanimous consent changed the name of the Fort to Pittsburg; a well-earned compliment to the minister who planned the conquest of that large country. With this expedition concluded the campaign of 1758. Early in 1759 Amherst was appointed commander-in-chief of the British North American armies in place of Abercrombie, who sailed for England the 24th of January following. For the next campaign, Pitt decided upon nearly the same plan of operations, which had partially succeeded before. The main body of the British army was assembled upon the shores of Lake George, being destined to penetrate Canada by the River Richelieu, and occupy Montreal. When Pitt cast his eyes over the maps of the western world and traced its net work of lakes and rivers, noted its far stretching wilderness of forests, so solemn, and almost impenetrable, and remembered the resources of the brave Montcalm, we should expect his zeal to have cooled, but he thought only of Wolfe and Amherst, and was sure of success. According to the plan, Amherst left New York April 28th, 1759, and arrived in Albany, May 3rd, to pursue the great plan of the campaign. An alarming spirit of desertion broke out among the militia, but Amherst’s promptness soon quelled it, and a great part of the army, with artillery and stores, arrived and encamped on the woody shores of Lake George, 21st June, and on 21st July, notwithstanding the heat of the weather, all was made ready, and troops and stores were embarked upon the lakes. Amherst took Fort Ticonderoga from the French, and repaired it, and gave orders to increase the naval force on the lake. Then Crown Point was to be overcome. It was formerly called Point-a-la-Chevelure, situated about eighteen miles north of Ticonderoga. It was soon abandoned by the enemy, and Amherst took possession of it on the 4th of August, thus securing two important forts. On the 16th of August, he learned that the French were so strongly intrenched in Isle-aux-Noix, as to prevent him from joining Wolfe’s army before Quebec, and he was forced to remain inactive until October, although every hour was precious. He succeeded in crossing the lake on October 18th, when he learned that the fate of Quebec had been decided, and it was an honorable trait in the character of Amherst that, in his despatches, he allowed his brigadier the full credit of the action. From the uncommonly sickly state of his provincials, he was forced to prepare for the inglorious quiet of winter-quarters at Crown Point. The next year, Amherst left New York with part of his army and proceeded to Oswego. He was followed by General Gage, and soon assembled his army on the shores of Lake Ontario, from whence he descended the St. Lawrence upon the enemy’s capital, leaving Lake Champlain to Colonel Haviland, whilst General Murray with the disposable portion of the garrison of Quebec, was to push up the St. Lawrence. On September 6th, the splendid army landed at Montreal, and invested it in form. On the 8th, the Marquis of Vaudreuil, who commanded in Montreal, signed the capitulation, and the whole of Canada became a British province. French troops were conveyed to France in British ships, and the Canadian militia allowed to return peaceably to their homes. The French colonists were guaranteed the same civil privileges as British subjects, and the free enjoyment of their customs, and laws. In the meantime the Island of Newfoundland having fallen into the hands of the enemy, General Amherst dispatched a sufficient force for the recovery of it, under the command of his brother, Colonel William Amherst, whose expedition was completely successful. The general now returned to New York, then the English capital of North America, where he was greeted with the strongest tokens of gratitude and respect, and whither, also, the thanks of the House of Commons had been transmitted to him from London. Thus General Amherst planned and executed an undertaking of the most striking interest. In 1761, he was appointed Knight of the Bath. He continued to command in America until 1764, when he returned to England. He was in reality the first British governor-general of Canada, Gage, Murray, Burton and Haldimand, being sub-governors only. In 1771, he was appointed governor of Guernsey, where he gave a high idea of his talents as administrator. His venerable Sovereign George III., created him Baron Amherst, of Holmsdale, in the county of Kent in 1776, and two years later his lordship was constituted commander-in-chief of his Majesty’s land forces in Great Britain. In 1782, he received the gold stick from the king, but on the change of the administration, the command of the army and the lieutenant-generalship of the ordnance were put into other hands. In 1788, he received another patent of peerage as Baron Amherst, of Montreal, county Kent. In January 1793, he was again appointed to the command of the army in Great Britain, but in 1795, this veteran and very deserving officer, was superseded by H.R.H., the Duke of York, the second son of the king, who was only in the thirty-first year of his age, and had never seen any actual service. The government on this occasion, with a view to soothe the feelings of the old general, offered him an earldom, and the rank of field-marshal, both of which he at that time rejected. The office of field-marshal, however, he accepted in July 1796. He was formally thanked by parliament. A succession of honors attended him until the period of his death, which took place in his castle in Kent, August 3rd, 1797, at the age of eighty years. Thus the first barony expired, but the second devolved according to the limitation of the patent, upon his nephew, William Pitt Amherst, the first earl, who was afterwards ambassador to China, and governor general of India. The Amherst family seats are Montreal and Knole, near Sevenoaks, Kent, and the Motto “Constantia et virtute.” His career was wonderfully brilliant and successful. His time and talents had been devoted to military duty from his early years, and the history of his life beautifully illustrates the truth, that unbending application to any pursuit, will assuredly be crowned with success, and also reminds us, that neither exalted station, nor high enjoyment of life, can exempt from the power of death. The veteran of many battles and victories must at last resign his commission, and join the ranks of the spirit land. At that hour, all scenes of earthly magnificence, and pomp, and the glorious voice of renown, that had so often thrilled his soldier-heart, faded and grew silent, and the untold sublimity of an eternal existence asserted its sway. Happy was the great general, in his dying hour, that he could look with confidence to the great Being, “by whom king’s reign and princes decree justice.” He was twice married, first to Jane, only daughter of Thomas Dalison, of Hampton, in Kent; and secondly, to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of General the Hon. George Cary, and niece of Viscount Falkland, but left no children.

Smith, Rev. John, Erskine Church, Toronto, was born in Armagh, Ireland, on the 28th March, 1824, and died on the 20th January, 1888, after a few hours’ illness. He came to Canada with his parents in 1827, and spent the earlier part of his life in the neighborhood of Brampton, where his brother, Robert Smith, ex-M.P. for Peel, still resides. Mr. Smith entered Knox College as a student in 1845, and after completing his course of study was in due time licensed, and very shortly thereafter settled in Bowmanville, where for twenty-four years he made full proof of his ministry, and secured and retained the respect and affection not only of those more immediately under his pastoral charge, but of the general community in which he lived. In 1875 he received and accepted a call from what was then known as the Bay Street Presbyterian Church, in Toronto. In this charge he was permitted to labor, until his demise, with great assiduity, and with an encouraging amount of success. The congregation, when Mr. Smith was called, was comparatively a handful, but under his faithful ministrations it made great progress both in numbers and influence. In 1878, under his leadership, it erected a fine new church at the head of Simcoe street, which was named “Erskine Church,” and here Christian work in all its departments has been constantly carried on with ever-growing energy and success. In addition to performing with characteristic fidelity and zeal all the duties of the pastoral office which he held, Mr. Smith showed himself to be a public-spirited citizen, who was ready to do all in his power for the best interests of the country and city in which his lot was cast. He was specially earnest in the work of temperance, and spared neither trouble nor toil in his efforts to put a stop to the ravages of strong drink. Mr. Smith was married in 1851, shortly after his settlement in Bowmanville, to Elizabeth McArthur, of West Gwillimbury, sister of F. F. McArthur, of Bowmanville, by whom he had a family of seven children. The widow and four children survive him.

Parker, Rev. William Robert, M.A., D.D., Toronto, Ontario, was born in West Gwillimbury, county of Simcoe, Ontario, June 20th, 1831. His father, Robert Parker, was a native of Limerick, Ireland, whose paternal ancestors were from England, and whose maternal ancestry were German, his mother being a descendant of the brave band of exiles that found shelter in Ireland during the reign of Queen Anne, from the bitter storm of religious persecution that drove them from their pleasant homes in the Palatinate on the Rhine. It is held to be a proud distinction to be identified with this people, especially because of their ultimate influence on the character and destiny of the United States and Canada, through the agency of Methodism. In his early visits to Ireland, Wesley found this colony of erstwhile devout Germans sharing the religious apathy and demoralization so lamentably prevalent in those times. Wesley and his itinerants preached Christ to those strangers that had been as sheep without a shepherd for fifty years; and he soon rejoiced to see them revived and folded again. Wesley bears this testimony concerning the towns in which they lived: “Such places could hardly be found elsewhere in Ireland or England; there was no profanity, no Sabbath breaking, no ale-house in any of them.” Thus, these children of persecution became the fit progenitors of the American contingent of the most zealous type of Christianity known since Apostolic times; for these German-Irish Emburys and Hecks founded in New York, and in Augusta, Canada, the Methodism destined to be the predominant Protestant belief of the New World, from Newfoundland to the Pacific coast. Mr. Parker’s father was one of the heroic pioneers of Upper Canada. Upon his leaving his native land he came to Baltimore, Md., where he spent some time with an uncle, a merchant, dealing in paints and oils, and for whom he visited the West Indies, acting as supercargo of his merchant ship. He settled in West Gwillimbury about the year 1826, where he cleared one of the finest farms, and established one of the most comfortable homes of that wealthy township. He was industrious, economical, thrifty, and hospitable to a proverb. He was a devout and active member of the Methodist church, and one of its stewards and trustees. He was a Liberal in politics, though not partisan. He took an active part in suppressing the rebellion of 1837, and served as quartermaster-sergeant. After his children left home he sold his farm, and lived retired in Bradford, where he died on the 7th July, 1881, in the 84th year of his age, and was interred in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. Dr. Parker’s mother, Sarah Sutherland, still surviving, and resident in Bradford, was a most intelligent and hearty sympathizer and co-operator with her husband in all his business plans, his home hospitality and religious duties. Her mother was one of the Talbots, and one of her kinsmen, Hon. Thomas Talbot, was recently governor of Massachusetts. Her father was one of the pioneers of West Gwillimbury. One of the Methodist appointments bears his name, the church having been built on the corner of his farm. The youngest son, Captain T. G. Sutherland, sold the homestead a few years since, when he retired to Alliston, where he and his wife now reside in a comfortable home. Dr. Parker had but one brother, the late Dr. T. S. Parker, M.P., of Guelph. He represented North Wellington in the old Canada parliament for a term just before confederation. After the formation of the Dominion of Canada, he was elected to the House of Commons for Centre Wellington by acclamation, for which he sat till the time of his death, which took place in 1868, through an accident that occurred to him while returning from a visit to a patient. He was a pronounced Liberal, and had won for himself a foremost place in his party, and a prominent position in the county and on the floor of the house, because of his personal qualities, and by his powers as a debater. His early death was a great loss to the Reform party, for he would no doubt have become a member of the government upon their coming into power. His widow is a daughter of the late Archdeacon Brough, of London, and cousin to the Hons. Edward and S. H. Blake. The subject of this sketch was educated in Victoria University, Cobourg, where he graduated, and received the degree of B.A., in 1858. He was the valedictorian of his graduating class. Some five years thereafter he received the degree of M.A., and in 1885, that of D.D. He was received as a probationer for the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist church in 1856, and received into full connection and ordained in 1860, at the conference in Kingston, held in the Sydenham Street Methodist Church, the Rev. Dr. Stinson being president. Dr. Parker has been stationed successively in the following places: Toronto, Montreal, Odelltown, Stanstead, Brantford, St. Catharines, London, Woodstock, Thorold, Chatham, St. Thomas, and is now (1888) pastor of the Spadina Avenue Methodist Church, Toronto. He was chairman of the following districts: Niagara, London, Brantford, Chatham and St. Thomas. He was twice elected president of the London Conference. His second election was in 1886, to the present London Conference, held in St. Thomas First Methodist Church, where he was then pastor. The first election was in 1883, when he was stationed in Chatham, and when the old London Conference covered nearly all the territory now embraced in the present, London, Niagara and Guelph conferences. He has been a member of all the general conferences of the Methodist church held in Toronto, Montreal, Hamilton, Belleville and Toronto, respectively. He was opposed to the lately consummated union of all the Methodist churches, because of points in the basis, and of the haste with which it was pushed. He has pronounced views in favor of university federation. He is a member of the Board of Regents of Victoria University. His political views have been largely in harmony with those of the Liberal party, but he is now convinced of the necessity of consolidating the temperance forces of Canada in a prohibitory party, as both the existing parties so far decline to adopt the entire abolition of the liquor traffic as a plank in their platform. He has travelled in several states of the Union, and visited England, Scotland, Ireland and France. In England he “did” the International Exhibition, visiting in Scotland, Edinburgh, Glasgow and the lakes; and in Ireland, besides several centres and the Lakes of Killarney, his father’s and mother’s native places. As a preacher, Dr. Parker is clear, forceful, eloquent, and eminently practical. He fearlessly attacks the vices of the age, while insisting strongly on the great Methodist doctrines of repentance, conversion, and the necessity of true, practical holiness of heart and life. He is a vigorous opponent of all forms of priestcraft and sacerdotalism. He is no theorizer, nor idealist, but a firm believer and teacher of the great truth, that the religion of the Lord Jesus is designed to meet and bless all the requirements of human life; that in all civil, political and social life, it is not only possible, but imperative, that God should be honored, and that as a nation we are responsible for obedience to all God’s laws. In September, 1863, he was married to Annie Sophia Ruston, of Montreal. She was a native of the ancient capital, Quebec, where her father was a grain and flour merchant. She had an aunt, sister of her father, who was the wife of a Methodist minister, the Rev. R. A. Flanders, and two sisters of her mother, wives of Revs. G. H. Davis and Dr. Cox. She has one sister the wife of a Methodist minister, Rev. Dr. S. J. Hunter, now of the Centenary Church, Hamilton. Her grandfather Ruston, a Yorkshire Methodist local preacher, was induced, while a resident of Odelltown, near Montreal, to assume pastoral work by a people there as “sheep without a shepherd.” He was made eminently useful, and when Dr. and Mrs. Parker were stationed there, their first circuit after marriage, they found several of the most devout and venerable members of the church, who had been brought to Christ through his ministrations. Dr. Parker’s wife early evidenced literary taste and ability, and has contributed several articles and tales to different periodicals. She is now responsible for editing the ladies’ department of the “Missionary Outlook,” published under the direction of the General Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. This ladies’ department is conducted in the interests of Women’s Missionary Society of the Methodist church. Dr. and Mrs. Parker have been blest with three children. One dear son was called to an early immortality, and his body rests in the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. A daughter and son are yet left with them, the eldest and youngest. The daughter is a graduate of Alma Ladies’ College, St. Thomas, in the Provincial Arts Department. She took two prizes in paintings, “Studies,” in the Industrial Exhibition, in this city, last autumn. The son is in the fifth form in Upper Canada College, and has proved a diligent and successful student. If spared he will pursue a university course.

Rousseau, Joseph Thomas, Artist, St. Hyacinthe, Province of Quebec, was born on the 9th of August, 1852, at St. Elzéard de la Beauce, P.Q. His father was Louis Rousseau, of the same place, a prominent merchant, who in later years devoted himself exclusively to agricultural pursuits. His mother’s maiden name was Luce Huard. He was educated at St. Elzéard, and also had private tuition. Having at an early age shown a decided talent for painting and drawing, his parents, knowing well the obstacles to be overcome and encountered, endeavored to dissuade him from adopting art as a profession. However, the germs of an artistic career were too strong to be lightly overcome. He went to Montreal, and there studied for three years under M. Ravau, after which he commenced church decoration, to which he devoted himself with great success for the space of five years. His great desire for improvement, and a dim sense of latent undeveloped power, induced him to go to Florence, Italy, to study the old masters and rare works of art to be found there. While thus engaged he took private lessons from the celebrated Professor Ciceri, commandant of the Artists’ Society, Florence, which art school he also attended, and passed successfully the examination imposed upon all those who are desirous of entering. After two years’ close application to his profession, he returned to Canada, and painted those many historical religious subjects which have made him famous throughout this continent. His celebrated oil painting of “Christ being Carried to the Tomb” was sold to St. Louis church, Nashua, N.H., for the handsome sum of $1,000. The paintings and decorations in the chapel of the Convent of the Precious Blood, at St. Hyacinthe, are masterpieces of art, and there is nothing in Canada or the United States to compare with it. The following is a list of some of Rousseau’s most celebrated pictures:—“The Dying Christ,” “Crucifixion,” “Mater Dolorosa,” “The Flight into Egypt,” “Adoration of the Magi,” “The Trinity in Three Figures at the very moment of the Annunciation,” “Christ Falling under the Weight of the Cross,” “Christ Giving the Keys to Peter,” “The Triumph of the Church,” a very large composition, containing more than sixty personages. In religion Mr. Rousseau is an earnest Roman Catholic, and in politics a staunch Conservative. He was married on May 2nd, 1875, to Hermine Gendron, daughter of Jacques Gendron, merchant, of St. Rosalie, by whom he has five children. Comparatively a young man, and judging by what he has already accomplished, it is safe to prophesy a still more brilliant future, and an immortal artistic fame.

Hale, Hon. Edward.—The Hon. Edward Hale, second son of the Hon. John Hale, of Quebec (formerly of “Plantation,” Yorkshire, England), a descendant of the Hales of Codicote and King’s Walden, in Hertfordshire, England, and Elizabeth Frances, daughter of Gen. William Amherst, A.D.C. to the King, lieut.-governor of Portsmouth, governor of St. John’s, Newfoundland, and adjutant-general of his Majesty’s forces, was born in Quebec, on the 6th December, 1801. His father had been A.D.C. and private secretary to his Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, who stood sponsor to the subject of this sketch. He was educated at Kensington, England. Returning to his father’s home in Quebec, he entered the office of the committee of audit as secretary, which post he held for three years, until, in the winter of 1823, he received the appointment of private secretary to his uncle, Earl Amherst, governor-general of India, and, accompanied by his father, set out at once on sledges for Boston, U.S.A., whence he sailed with Captain Heard, in the good ship Bengal, for Calcutta. During his stay in India he acted for a time as military secretary, and accompanied the governor-general in his expeditions through the different provinces of India, visiting, among others, the king of Oude, the Rajah of Benares, the king of Delhi and some of the young princes who afterwards took such a conspicuous part in the Indian mutiny. A few remarks from Mr. Hale’s diary of that date may not be out of place here:

October 16th, 1816.—Having breakfasted, we prepared to hold a native durbar in the house of the Rajah of Benares, which had been placed at the governor’s disposal, and native gentlemen began to collect in the compound. Long before the appointed hour we were turned out of the billiard room, to make place for some princes of the Delhi family, who had arrived much before their time, but could not be allowed to remain outside. At eleven o’clock Lord Amherst took his seat on the throne, surrounded by his suite, while Lady Amherst and the other ladies were spectators in another room. The first was a private audience granted to the princes above mentioned, who were ushered in, and were met by his lordship at the door, who embraced them all, and they then sat down. The princes were a most wild-looking set of fellows, dressed principally in fur, and had all a cast of countenance that seemed to bespeak their readiness for any sort of desperate enterprise. They were, with one or two exceptions, nearly of the same age, being the sons of different Begums, and he who sat first on the right was a much younger man than some of the others, but the son of the eldest Begum. They requested leave to make their salaam to Lady Amherst, and having done so, took their leave. The other members of the same family then followed and took their leave; when notice was sent to the Rajah of Benares, Oodut Narrain, that he might now come. He had been waiting in his tonjon at the gate of the compound for an hour before. His procession accordingly entered, commencing with flag-bearers, then camels, elephants, a native band, empty tonjons and palanquins, tribes of sotaburdars, punkaburdars, assaiburdars, burchyburdars, and all sorts of burdahs, when the tonjon bearing the mighty man himself followed, and was accompanied by numbers of horsemen, who galloped about in all directions, going through an indiscriminate sham fight. The procession passed along the back of the house, round it to the front, and the “mighty” was ushered in, a visitor in his own house. He was so immensely fat that he could with difficulty walk, and he waddled into the room, occupying a space of at least two yards. He salaamed low, very low, much lower than I thought he could, and Lord Amherst, advancing three paces, embraced him, when he sat down in a chair which was purposely meant for him, but the exertion of coming up stairs and salaaming had deprived him of the necessary breath for talking, and he was obliged to remain mute for a short time. He was most splendidly ornamented with jewels, his turband was surmounted by a coronet of diamonds, with large emerald drops; his necklace was composed of immense diamonds, and his arms and various other parts were profusely covered with precious stones. Having offered his nuzzur to Lady Amherst he also retired, and his lordship then went down stairs to hold the public durbar.

In 1828, Lord Amherst’s administration being ended, Mr. Hale returned to England with the governor-general and his family, and after visiting Italy, Switzerland and France, sailed once more for Quebec, where, in 1831, he married Eliza Cecilia, daughter of the Hon. Chief Justice Bowen. Chief Justice Bowen was born in Kinsale, Ireland, in 1780. He was one of three brothers, the eldest of whom, Lieutenant-Colonel Bowen, C.B., Madras army, was killed at Seringapatam; and the youngest, while captain in the Royal Navy, won no little distinction for gallant conduct in H.M.’s frigate Apollo. The Bowens are descended from an old Welsh family, the name being originally Ap Owen. Mr. Bowen’s father, M.D. and surgeon in H.M.’s forces, died in the West Indies, whither he had gone with his regiment. His mother was the beautiful Isabella Cassan, daughter of Richard Sheffield Cassan, and grand-daughter of Alexander Hamilton, M.P., of Knock, county Dublin. In 1833, Mr. Hale moved to Sherbrooke, and there built for himself a homestead, now known as “Sleepy Hollow,” to which, to his dying day, he was much attached. He was a member of the Special Council for Lower Canada in 1839, and represented the county of Sherbrooke in the Legislative Assembly from 1841 to 1847; and, besides many other public offices, from 1866 to 1875 he held that of chancellor of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, an institution for which he had a sincere affection, and which owes much of its present prosperity to his energy and good management. In 1867, he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council for the province of Quebec, which position he held for the remainder of his life. At the meeting of the Legislative Council (next following his death) November, 1875, the Hon. Messrs. De Boucherville, Ferrier and Fraser offered many tributes of respect to the memory of their venerable colleague, and Mr. Fraser, addressing the House in French, said:

Mr. Hale was a member of the Special Council of Lower Canada in 1839 and 1840, and, as such, assisted in conferring important benefits on this province, such as the law which granted the seigniory of St. Sulpice to the seminary of that name, at Montreal, the acts or ordinances of registration, turnpike roads, and other measures, which powerfully contributed to the development of the country. His grandfathers were officers of high rank in General Wolfe’s army, and distinguished themselves in the important events of those times. On his father’s side his ancestors were persons of distinction in old England, and his mother was a sister of Earl Amherst, whose ancestors were followers of William the Conqueror, and one of whose descendants, Hamo de Herst, in the reign of Edward III. (1339), held large estates in the county of Kent, which the present Lord Amherst still holds. I feel it a most pleasing duty to recall to your memories his agreeable manners—those of the perfect gentleman—which were natural to him. He was open, frank and honest, never hiding his thoughts or opinions, but always expressing them in language at once courteous and elevated. He was as cheerful as he was amiable, his conversation was most attractive, his powers of narration were great, and his mind was filled with interesting and original anecdotes, at once lively and entertaining, which rendered him a most agreeable and much desired companion.

At a meeting of the Synod in Quebec, of which he had been a delegate for many years, his lordship Bishop Williams, made the following remarks in alluding to his death:

My reverend brethren and brethren of the laity.—Before proceeding to read, in accordance with our custom, the summary statement which I have prepared of the ecclesiastical events of the diocese, I must advert, however briefly, to a matter belonging to the history of the Synod itself. Since last we met, one who from the Synod’s first creation has been an honored member of the same, has been taken from us. The death of the Hon. Edward Hale caused us a loss not easily repaired. During the whole time of my residence in this country he has been my valued friend, but for a record of his fine qualities we need not go to the reminiscence of a friend. He carried it with him wherever he went. His prompt and punctual attention to all public duties, the kindness of his heart, and the courtesy of his demeanor are known to all. His genial presence we shall see no more, his peace-loving spirit will, I trust, remain with us for ever.

Mr. Hale died April 26th, 1875, at Quebec, whither he had gone to attend to his parliamentary duties, and was buried at Sherbrooke. Mrs. Hale died at Boston, United States, in 1850. She was the mother of seven children, of whom six are now living. The eldest son, Edward John, at Quebec, at the old house which has been the home of four generations of Hales. The second son, Edward Chaloner, at “Chaloner,” near Lennoxville; and the youngest, William Amherst, at the old homestead, “Sleepy Hollow,” near Sherbrooke. Two of the daughters live in Sherbrooke, and the third is the wife of Henry Turnour Machin, assistant treasurer of the province of Quebec. During a residence of upwards of forty years in the Eastern Townships, Mr. Hale aided materially, and watched with interest, the growth of Sherbrooke from an obscure hamlet of a few straggling houses to the large and prosperous town it now is. When the rebellion of 1837 and 1838 broke out, he joined the volunteers, refused a commission, and, for the sake of example, served in the ranks. Although a Conservative in politics, Mr. Hale placed individual merit far above party, creed, or class, and by his impartiality and just judgment, living above suspicion or reproach, he won the respect and esteem of all who knew him, and of him might truly be said, as he so often said of others, “the rank is but the guinea’s stamp, the man’s the gowd for a’ that.” But it was to his children and intimate friends that his noble Christian life was best known. Possessed of charity in the widest sense of the word, full of love and compassion for those in trouble or distress, ever ready to help the poor and needy, his active sympathy and generosity made him beloved and revered by all classes. The example of his pure, unselfish life is not forgotten, and he still lives in the hearts of those who loved him.

Withall, William John, Montreal, Que., was born on the island of Jersey, November 22nd, 1814. His father was born in London, and his mother in Jersey. He received what was considered in those days an education sufficient to commence training for commercial pursuits. Leaving school in 1826, and having a strong desire to visit other parts of the world, he pressed on his parents to grant him permission to leave home. Being only twelve years of age, and having an uncle and aunt in Gaspé, it was decided that he should go thither, and arriving there on the 30th April, found that country covered with deep snow. His uncle’s occupation was farming, fishing and lumbering. During that year his mother died, and being a minor, he had no choice but to make Gaspé his abode. That country was thinly populated, and almost isolated from the outside world. He received a letter from Jersey in winter, the postage of which was four shillings and sixpence. It was the custom then to dispatch a courier in January from Gaspé for Quebec, carrying the mail-bag on his back. This was a perilous journey, there being hardly any habitation between Gaspé and Quebec for two hundred and fifty or three hundred miles. When sixteen years of age, he thought, if his uncle would allow him his independence, he could, by working and trading, do something better for himself, but when he made the proposal, his uncle said he was too young, and could not provide for himself. His answer was, “Give me my freedom.” Although young, and feeling confident that where others could make a living he could do the same. On getting his uncle’s consent, he then commenced the battle of life. He managed, through perseverance and economy, to save a little money each year. At the time he arrived in Gaspé, the language spoken was French, which he could neither speak nor understand. There being no schools, he made use of the only means at his disposal. There was a local Methodist preacher from the island of Guernsey using the French language. Young Withall was punctual in his attendance every Sabbath (and has continued to identify himself with the same church ever since). He commenced by repeating the hymns and Scriptures when read out by the preacher, and soon acquired the French pronounciation, and became familiar in reading and writing that language. This in after life became very useful, and to some extent he attributes it to his financial success. The winter of 1832 was passed in St. Thomas, below Quebec, and between teaching, fishing and trading, he began to have a balance to the good. In 1835 he took passage to his native land, the island of Jersey. After visiting several places in Europe, he returned to Gaspé, having made an engagement with a Jersey merchant to take charge of his stores and fishing establishments. In 1837 he took a joint interest in purchasing a large block of land in the north-west arm of Gaspé Bay. The intention was to build a saw mill for the lumber trade. The prospect for the future not coming up to his ideas, he sold out his interests. In 1840 he left Gaspé for Quebec, and commenced, by opening a provision and grocery store. In 1841 he married Elizabeth, widow of the late Peter Bott, who departed this life in 1882. In 1883 he married Eleanor, widow of the late Richard W. Langmuir. In 1850 he commenced taking an active interest in the different institutions connected with the city of Quebec; was elected city councillor and director in the Union Building Society in 1865; was elected a director in the Quebec Bank; joined, as silent partner, in a soap and candle factory; and was one of the promoters of the National Bank; the Quebec Steamship Company; the Quebec Marine Insurance Company; the Quebec Street Railway Company; the Lake St. John Railway Company; was proprietor of the Quebec Rubber Company; took an interest in the Quebec Worsted Company; the Quebec Tow Boat Company; and was either president or director in the above companies until 1884. In 1867 he was appointed justice of the peace. In 1854 he joined a party of four for the building of two vessels intended to trade between Chicago and ports on the ocean. These were built by the Messrs. McCarthy, at Sorel, one being named Chicago, and the other Quebec. These vessels made voyages direct from Chicago to Newfoundland and Liverpool, but, being built with centre-boards and considered unsafe, the underwriters declined to cover them by insurance, and the adventure, not proving profitable, was discontinued. It is believed these were the first vessels that sailed direct from Chicago to the ocean. In 1884 Mr. Withall left the city of Quebec, and is now a resident of Montreal, filling the offices of vice-president of the Quebec Bank, and director of the Sun Life Insurance Company, the Canadian Rubber Company, the Quebec Steamship Company, the Guarantee Company of North America, the Royal Electric Company, and still holding one-half interest with his nephew, Thomas A. Piddington, in the Bulstrode Tannery, near Arthabaska, Quebec. During his mercantile life he never entered into any transaction beyond his own resources, and when anything proved unprofitable, himself only was the sufferer. Mr. Withall is now in the seventy-fourth year of his age, possessing a good constitution, sound in body and mind, and enjoying the confidence and esteem of a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.

Hammond, John, St. John, New Brunswick, a professional Artist of many years’ standing, was born in Montreal in the year 1843; has studied in England, France, Holland, and Italy; is a regular exhibitor in the annual exhibitions of both the Royal Academy, London, and the Paris Salon, and is principal of the Owen’s Art Educational Institution of St. John, New Brunswick.

Mackenzie, Hon. Alexander, Toronto, M.P. for East York, ex-Premier of Canada. About the end of the year 1842, three young men resided in the city of Kingston, who were destined to act prominent parts in the public life of Canada. One of the three was a rising young lawyer of pleasing address and popular manners, who had won distinction by his defence of Von Schultz and other state prisoners connected with the troubles of 1837. The second had been a student in the office of this young lawyer, and was this year—1842—called to the bar. The third was a Scottish youth of twenty, who had landed in Kingston in April, and was beginning his Canadian life as a stonemason. The young lawyer is now the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald, First Minister of Canada. His student is now the Hon. Oliver Mowat, Premier of Ontario. The youthful stonemason is now the veteran statesman whose name stands at the head of this sketch—a name respected and honored by every clean man in the Dominion of Canada. Mr. Mackenzie was born on the 28th January, 1822, and is two years younger than his friend, the Hon. Oliver Mowat, and seven years younger than his rival, Sir John A. Macdonald. He was born in the parish of Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland. His parents had neither poverty nor riches, but they and their connections had what was better than either: they had brain-power, intelligence, untiring industry, sterling integrity, and an honorable ambition to rise in the world. Along with these good qualities they had a strong liking for Whig politics. Alexander was the third son in a large family. His school days were few. Two years in a private school in Perth; two more in the parish school of Moulin; less than a year in the grammar school of Dunkeld, and the education of the future Premier of Canada was finished so far as the schoolmaster was concerned. At the early age of fourteen his father died, and, like many another brave Scotch lad who has made his mark in the world, young Mackenzie began to earn his bread on the old Eden principle—by the sweat of his brow. Like Hugh Miller, he learned the trade of stonemason, and like Hugh Miller, he was fond of reading. His spare hours were spent in diligent study, and the habits then formed have clung to him all his days. When twitted with being a book-worm, Thos. D’Arcy McGee replied that he always preferred the society of good books to that of middling men. No doubt Mr. Mackenzie has always cherished the same preference, though perhaps he has never said anything about it. A worthy member of the House of Commons, whose reading days were over, felt lonesome in the same boarding-house with Mr. Mackenzie and David Mills, because, as he explained it “the moment Mackenzie and Mills came in from the house they sat down to their books.” In the following year, 1843, Mr. Mackenzie was joined in Kingston by his brother, Hope F. Mackenzie, who afterward represented Lambton and North Oxford in parliament. Hope Mackenzie was a man of fine spirit, great energy, and high attainments. He was rising rapidly as a public man when his career was suddenly ended by death. Had his life been spared, his ability, industry, and natural force of character would soon have placed him in the front rank of Canadian statesmen. After laboring five years in Kingston, during which time he probably became familiar with the well-known force of the man he afterwards so often faced in parliament, Mr. Mackenzie moved to the neighborhood of Sarnia. His mother and brothers came out from Scotland about the same time, and the whole family made their first Canadian home in that western town. Here Mr. Mackenzie resumed operations as a builder and contractor, lines in which he had been successful before leaving Kingston. It is useless to speculate on what might have been; but had Alexander Mackenzie continued in the building and contracting business, he might perhaps have become the millionaire head of the syndicate that built the Canadian Pacific Railway. In a country where there was so much to be built, almost anything was possible to a man of his patient industry, economical habits, sterling integrity, sound judgment, and all but invincible energy. But Alexander Mackenzie was not to be a millionaire contractor. Like many Scotchmen, he had a keen relish for politics. Five years’ residence in Sir John’s favorite city probably increased his eagerness to join in the fray. In Scotland he had been a Whig, and in Canada he joined the Liberal party as a matter of course. Though a man of quiet, retiring habits, it is no secret that Alexander Mackenzie keenly enjoys debate. To measure swords on the platform with a foeman worthy of his steel was never to him an unpleasant duty. The roar around the hustings never made him nervous. To his natural liking for public discussion and his intensely strong convictions, his love of Liberalism, his popular sympathies, his intense hatred of tyranny in all its forms, his love for the people and desire that they should have fair play—to these qualities add his undoubted capacity for public affairs, and one can easily see why it was impossible for Alexander Mackenzie to keep out of politics. Keep out of politics he certainly did not, for five years after he had started business in Sarnia we find him editing the Lambton Shield. Under his editorial management the Shield soon became a power in the west. His editorials educated the electors of Lambton in Liberalism, and were extensively quoted by other journals. Sam Jones is credited with saying that if there is one thing in this world he does hate it is a quiet time. Whether a quiet time is a good time for Mr. Jones or not, it certainly is not a good time for a politician. Mr. Mackenzie had the undoubted advantage of entering the political arena in a stormy period. The battle for responsible government was being fought out and slowly won. The fight had been long and fierce. Under Lord Sydenham and Sir Charles Bagot the recommendations of Lord Durham’s report in favor of responsible government were being carried out. Sir Charles Metcalfe succeeded Sir Charles Bagot, and spent the four years of his official career in trying to deprive Canadians of the rights secured to them by his predecessors. Mr. Mackenzie resided in Kingston during the whole time that Metcalfe was governor, and it goes unsaid that when he removed to Sarnia he was in the right humor to do battle for responsible government. In 1861, Hope Mackenzie, who had represented Lambton in parliament, declined re-election. The future Premier was offered the nomination by a convention of the Liberal party, and accepting, carried the constituency by a considerable majority. When he entered parliament he had nothing to learn but the forms of procedure, and even these he probably know as well as many who had sat in previous parliaments. His accurate and full knowledge of all public questions, his almost infallible memory, his marvellous capacity for mastering the details of every question that came before him, and his power to make clear and concise speeches on any question on the shortest notice, soon placed him in the front row, along with the most experienced parliamentarians. Mr. Mackenzie has never claimed credit for his oratorical powers, nor have his friends put forth any such claim; but the fact remains that in twenty-five years of active public life he never needed to take a back seat in any oratorical company. He could always hold his own, and generally do a good deal more. He is one of the very few speakers in this Dominion whose speeches will stand a verbatim report. He builds a speech just as he used to build a stone wall—clear, clean-cut, concise; sentences are laid one upon another in an orderly and compact manner, and when the speech is finished you can no more knock a word or sentence out of it than you can knock stones out of a well-built wall. His accurate knowledge, never-failing memory, and quick perceptive powers, make him specially formidable in reply. Running through many of his speeches, especially those delivered in hot debates, there is a mingled vein of mild sarcasm and dry, pawky Scotch humour that is very effective. The effect is greatly increased by the manner in which the work is done. You see the bolt across the house and you see quite easily that it has struck. You look to the spot from which it was thrown and you see a serious, almost solemn-looking man, going on with his work as if nothing had occurred. The plainness and apparent simplicity of the speaker give the humor and sarcasm a great effect. Soon after entering upon his parliamentary duties, Mr. Mackenzie saw his political friends take office under the premiership of Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, who had associated Hon. Mr. Sicotte with him as leader of the lower Canadian section. This government lasted about a year, and was followed by another in which Hon. Mr. Dorian took the place of Hon. Mr. Sicotte. Mr. Mackenzie had in those days some experience as a government supporter—a kind of experience which has seldom been his during his long parliamentary life. After a short and troubled reign Hon. Sandfield Macdonald resigned, and Mr. Deadlock reigned in his stead. Then came a truce and the negotiations which resulted in confederation. A coalition was formed for the purpose of uniting the provinces. Hon. George Brown and a large majority of the Liberal party were in favor of a coalition. Mr. Mackenzie was of the opinion that the Liberal party should give the government a generous outside support in forming the union, but at the same time keep itself clear of all entangling alliances. The union was not long formed until it became painfully evident to the Liberal party that Mr. Mackenzie was right. When the first parliament met after confederation the Liberals were without a leader, Hon. George Brown having been defeated in South Ontario. The position was offered to Mr. Mackenzie, who accepted it, and displayed great tact in welding into one solid body the somewhat discordant elements that came from the different provinces. The task was no easy one, but in discharging his duties as a leader of her Majesty’s loyal Opposition the member for Lambton displayed the same ability and unwearied diligence that have marked his whole parliamentary career. Ever at his post and ever faithful to his trust, Mr. Mackenzie soon gained the confidence of his followers from all parts of the Dominion. The crisis of 1873 found him not only a successful leader but a parliamentarian of recognized position and ability. When the government fell he was entrusted with the duty of forming a ministry. In less than two days the names of his colleagues were announced, and the new government was ready for business. The question on everybody’s lips was, will there be a general election? It is understood that Mr. Mackenzie received such assurances of support from some of his former opponents as might have induced a less cautious man to go on with the business of the country without an appeal to the people. But the new premier was not to be caught napping. His Scotch caution assured him that a parliament elected under the auspices of his opponents, and the influence of Sir Hugh Allan’s liberal contribution, was not the kind of parliament to be trusted in an emergency. He dissolved the house, and in January, 1874, swept the country. Had the majority given him by the people been half as large as it was, the task of the new premier might have been a good deal easier. To enumerate the good measures that were introduced and passed by Mr. Mackenzie’s government would be to write the parliamentary history of Canada for the five years ending in 1878. His friends may challenge their opponents to show a record of equal merit during any five years in the history of the Dominion, in the history of Old Canada, or in the history of any province that now forms part of the Dominion. Let these restless characters who are everlastingly clamoring for revolutionary measures and hunting for strange gods to worship, sit down for a moment, and quietly read over the titles of the acts passed by Mr. Mackenzie’s government between 1873 and 1878, and say if they have anybody in their ranks that can serve the country better than it was served by Canada’s Grand Old Man. It is quite true that he went down in ’78, but he went down with his escutcheon untarnished and all his colors flying. His was no milk-and-water policy. He did not try to run with the Free Trade hare and hunt with the N.P. hounds. He believed it was wrong to increase the burdens of the people in a time of depression. He went to the polls on this issue, and was defeated by the people he was bravely trying to help. Burke told the electors of Bristol that he advanced their interests contrary to their opinions. Mr. Mackenzie tried to do the same thing for the people of Canada and failed. A few years will show, if the revelation has not already been made, whether the electors of Canada did a wise thing when they dismissed a faithful public servant for not taxing five millions of people to enrich a few. Never did British or Colonial statesman display more moral heroism than was displayed by Alexander Mackenzie in ’78 when he stood by his principles while the pistol was pointed at his head—held at times, with shame be it said, by some who pose as moral reformers. If there is no room in the public life of Canada for a man who bravely faces defeat rather than do what he believes to be wrong, then Canada is morally rotten and should be buried out of sight. Soon after his defeat in ’78, Mr. Mackenzie became a resident of Toronto. Owing to declining health he found it inconvenient to represent a large constituency like West Lambton, and in 1882 stood for East York. For this constituency he has been twice elected. East York derives as much honor from its representative as Mr. Mackenzie derives from representing an historic constituency of which he is justly proud. For the same unfortunate reason, Mr. Mackenzie found it necessary some years ago to resign the leadership of the Liberal party. His strength was not equal to the task, and Alexander Mackenzie never was the man to undertake anything unless he could do it thoroughly. The arduous and irksome nature of the work of an Opposition leader in Canada may be learned from the fact that the distinguished gentleman who succeeded Mr. Mackenzie—a gentleman who once could work eighteen hours out of the twenty-four with impunity—has since broken down in health and has been compelled, temporarily at least, to leave public life. The one great mistake of Mr. Mackenzie’s life was his brave attempt to attend to the details of his department while Premier and Minister of Public Works. It is easy to be wise when events are over, but one cannot help thinking that had he worked less then he might be the able and trusted leader of his party to-day, and the party needs a leader badly enough. Mr. Mackenzie’s parliamentary services have not been confined to the Dominion parliament, and the parliament of Old Canada. In 1871, he ran for West Middlesex, was elected, and on the downfall of Sandfield Macdonald’s government soon after, took office under Hon. Mr. Blake, first as provincial secretary, and afterwards as provincial treasurer. Dual representation being abolished, both he and Mr. Blake left the Local Legislature at the same time. Besides his parliamentary work, Mr. Mackenzie has rendered Canada good service by his well-written biography of his friend and leader, George Brown. The tone of the book is moderate throughout, and though written by a strong party man, the facts, so far as we know, have never been seriously questioned. It has occasionally been charged against Mr. Mackenzie that his manner is cold, and his language curt. It is quite true that he calls a spade a spade, and a scoundrel a scoundrel. It may be true that when scaly politicians have asked him to help them to carry out dirty jobs he gave them a reply not always couched in diplomatic language. Quite likely he met the pious proposal of some moral reformers to tax the people for their benefit with language that may have seemed to them unnecessarily vigorous. All this may be so; but those who know Alexander Mackenzie know him to be a warm-hearted man, as kindly as he is firm and true—a man ready at any moment to help the needy, or make sacrifices for his friend. He hates humbug, and scorns shams, and can unmask a hypocrite with rare skill; but no more kindly man stands in the Dominion to-day. May a kind heaven send Canada more Mackenzies.