IV (part 3)

Torrance, David, Montreal.—Mr. Torrance, during his lifetime one of Montreal’s most successful and distinguished merchants, was of Scotch parentage. He was born in New York in 1805, and died in Montreal Jan. 29th, 1876. When yet a boy he came to Kingston, Upper Canada (now Ontario), with his father, James Torrance, who was then extensively engaged in business in that town. In 1821 he removed to Montreal, and became a clerk with his uncle, the late John Torrance, who kept a place of business at the corner of St. Paul and St. Nicholas streets. By his close attention to his duties, and aptitude to the work, he rapidly rose in his employer’s estimation, which ended in his being taken into partnership in 1833. During his clerkship the late Rev. Dr. Wilkes, and the late Hon. John Young were engaged in the same establishment. With the view of extending the business of the concern, in 1835 Mr. Torrance entered into partnership with Mr. Young, of Quebec, under the firm name of Torrance & Young; and on the retirement of the late John Torrance, the senior member, the firm’s name was changed to that of D. Torrance & Co., which continued to the date of his demise, his partners being for many years Thomas Cramp, and his son John Torrance. In 1826 the old firm purchased a tug and passenger boat, the Hercules, from John Handyside & Co., and placed it under the command of Captain Brush, who afterwards became the proprietor of the Eagle Foundry, Montreal. This was the first step towards the establishment of an opposition line to the Molsons’ steamboats, then plying on the St. Lawrence, and its stock was eventually merged in that of the Richelieu Steamboat Company (now the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company). Mr. Torrance was early alive to the great future in store for Montreal, and was the first to launch out into direct trade with the East Indies and China, and for over thirty years the name of his firm has been well known in the great eastern centres of commerce. As a business man he was remarkable for great force of character and determination. This, combined with unflinching industry and regular habits, made the immense business of the firm move ahead with precision. An old friend of his once said of him, “He was a model man in regard to his business and social habits, and in the days of his prosperity was as regular in his attendance at the counting house as when he first started in business. His ambition was great, but tempered with prudence, and though he engaged in commercial ventures in other cities than Montreal, yet was uniformly successful.” Besides his promotion of commerce and navigation, he likewise proved himself a stay to our banking system, and after holding office for a long time as one of the directors of the Bank of Montreal, he was in 1873 elected president, which responsible position he held at the time of his death. His firm was also one of the originators of the Dominion Steamship Company. While largely engaged in ocean commerce, his capital and resources were also devoted to the carrying on of our inland forwarding trade. He was a diligent merchant, and did not meddle much in public affairs, though he was a consistent Liberal in politics throughout. To all benevolent and charitable schemes he was a frequent and liberal giver. He was always ready to aid the distressed and bring joy to those in want, and the main feature in this regard was the unostentatious way in which he helped those in need. He was a member of the St. James Street Methodist Church, and at the time of his death was one of its trustees. He was, in fact, the thorough type of a merchant prince, a representative of a class which, unfortunately, is far too small in these latter days. He was married to his cousin, the eldest daughter of the late John Torrance. He was in feeble health for some years previous to his death, and had only a few months before to forego active business, and when death at last came he passed away quietly, surrounded by his sorrowing family.

Skinner, Hon. Charles N., Q.C., St. John, ex-Judge of Probate for the county of St. John, New Brunswick, was born in St. John on the 12th March, 1833. His father, Samuel Skinner, was a contractor and builder, and was a native of Nova Scotia. His mother, Phœbe Sherwood, was a daughter of Robert Golding, whose grandfather, Captain Golding, commanded a company of loyal dragoons during the American revolutionary war. Both the Skinner and Golding families were loyalists and emigrated from the New England states—Mr. Skinner, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, a short time before the outbreak of the revolution, and Mr. Golding after the war—and settled in the Maritime provinces. Charles N. Skinner received his education in the common and grammar schools of St. John. He studied law under Charles W. Stockton, of that city; was admitted to practice in 1858, and called to the bar in 1860. Since then he has successfully practised his profession in his native city. He is a well-read lawyer, a fluent, clear, and logical speaker, and seldom fails to present his case in the best possible light before a jury. His mind, too, is of a judicial cast; he is candid, honest, and impartial, and is admirably fitted by nature for the position he holds. When only about twenty-eight years of age he entered the field of politics, and was elected to represent St. John in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1861. After being in the house three years, the party with whom he was allied was defeated on the question of confederation. In 1866 he again appealed to his constituents, and was elected. During August of next year he was appointed solicitor-general in the A. R. Wetmore administration, and this office he held until March, 1868, when he retired from political life, having been made a judge of probate. He was also created a Queen’s counsel that year by the Provincial government, and by the Dominion government in 1873. He was elected to the Dominion parliament to represent the city and county of St. John at the general election in 1887, having previously resigned the office of Judge of Probate. He still practises at the bar of St. John, and stands high among his confrères. For some years he was a member of St. John city council, and took an active interest in all matters brought forward for the benefit of the citizens. He is a member of the brotherhood of Oddfellows. He belongs to the Baptist denomination, and is considered a man of unblemished character and liberal impulses. On the 12th January, 1865, he was married to Eliza Jane, daughter of Daniel J. McLaughlan (then president of the Commercial Bank of N.B.), of St. John, and the fruit of this union has been a family of eight children.

Fenwick, George Edgeworth, M.D., C.M., Montreal, was born in the city of Quebec, on the 8th October, 1825. His father, Joseph Fenwick, in early life entered the East India Company’s service, and subsequently, in command of his own ship, traded between London and the port of Montreal. He was from Morpeth, Northumberland, England. His mother, Margaret Elizabeth Greig, was a native of Quebec, of Scotch descent. His grandfather belonged to the landed gentry of Northumberland. Dr. Fenwick received his education under the Rev. Mr. Ramsay, a clergyman of the Church of England; and in June, 1841, began the study of medicine and surgery in the Marine and Emigrant Hospital in his native city. His brother, Dr. A. G. Fenwick, was at that time house-surgeon to that institution, and he acted under him as house apothecary. He remained in this position until November, 1842, when he entered the medical department of McGill College, in Montreal. He successfully passed his examination in May, 1846, but not being of age did not receive his diploma until January, 1847, when a special convention of the University was called for the purpose of conferring upon him the degree of doctor in medicine and master in surgery. In May following, Dr. Fenwick was appointed house-surgeon and apothecary to the Montreal General Hospital, which office he filled until December, 1848, when he commenced general practice in Montreal. In 1849 he aided, in conjunction with Dr. Howard, the late Dr. G. D. Gibb (afterwards Sir G. D. Gibb, baronet, M.D., of London, England), and the late Drs. Pelletier, Boyer and Jones, in establishing the Montreal Dispensary, and was one of the attending staff of that institution until November, 1864, when, on the death of Dr. Thomas Walter Jones, he received the appointment of attending surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital. In 1867 he was appointed professor of clinical surgery in McGill University, and held this position until 1876, when, on the resignation of the late Dr. George W. Campbell, he was appointed professor of surgery, which chair he has filled to this time. As a teacher Dr. Fenwick has had long experience in the teaching of surgery. For many years professor of clinical surgery, his lectures were all delivered in the General Hospital, and every student who had the privilege of visiting the wards during his term of service, knows well the keen interest he took in everything concerning the cases in hand. Careful and painstaking himself, he firmly exacted from his assistants, house officers and dressers, a like degree of attention and carefulness in little things. After his promotion to the chair of surgery his lectures were of a more didactic nature, but to them he brought the same spirit of earnest devotion to the cause of science, the same grasp of subject leading to the formation of opinions strongly held, the same care for the important minutiæ, and the same genial and impressive manner which characterized his early teachings in the wards. In 1864 Dr. Fenwick, with his colleague, Dr. F. W. Campbell, established the Canada Medical Journal, which he continued to edit until 1879, when he relinquished the editorial chair. As a medical writer he is probably as well known as any in Canada. His articles upon surgical subjects are all terse and logical, and carry the impress of a vigorous and thoughtful mind. His most important papers are those upon lithotomy, of which operation he has probably had a larger experience than any other living surgeon in the Dominion. On excision of bronchocele, his bold operations have commanded the most wide-spread attention, and on excision of the knee-joint and other major operations he has been remarkably successful. He holds the degree of M.D., C.M. from his first university, and has never sought medical honors from any institution abroad; nevertheless, he has been considered worthy of them. He has been elected honorary member of the New Brunswick Medical Society; of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia, and of the Gynæcological Society of Boston. For many years Dr. Fenwick represented the profession of Montreal as one of the governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec province. He has served as president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal; and was, at the meeting of the Canada Medical Association, held at Ottawa in 1880, elected vice president of that body for Quebec province, and in 1882 was elected president of the association. Dr. Fenwick is an adherent of the Episcopal church; and in politics a Conservative. In 1852 he was married to Eliza Charlotte, daughter of the late Colonel de Hertel, of St. Andrews, Argenteuil. The fruit of this union has been seven children, only three of whom survive.

Adams, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Cambridge, D.C.L., Lennoxville, was born at Paramatta, New South Wales, on September 14, 1847. His father, the Rev. Thomas Adams, was a member of a family in Cornwall, England, of which the eldest brother is J. C. Adams, F.R.S., the celebrated discoverer of the planet Neptune, who, on the retirement of Sir G. B. Airy, declined the position of Astronomer Royal of Great Britain, and is still director of the Cambridge University. Another brother (W. G. Adams, F.R.S.), is a leading authority on electricity and natural philosophy, and occupies the professorial chair in King’s College, London, once held by Wheatstone, and afterwards by Clerk Maxwell. The father of Principal Adams became a missionary in the Friendly Islands (South Pacific), and it was in Australia, on the way to that mission, that Dr. Adams was born. Thomas Adams, sen., is chiefly noted for having been the translator of a great portion of the Bible into Tonguese, and for having been the first who issued a complete edition of the Sacred Book in that language. His mother was Maria French, of Taunton, Somerset. She accompanied his father into the mission field, and gave her life to the work. She died in Vavau in February, 1860. Professor Adams was educated first at Taunton, Somerset, at a large proprietary school, under T. Sibly, B.A.; next at University College, London, under the late Professor de Morgan, in mathematics, and Professor J. R. Seeley, in classics. In November, 1867, he joined the geological survey of England, under Sir A. C. Ramsay, but resigned in April, 1869, owing to a severe sprain. In October, 1869, he entered St. John’s College, Cambridge, and in January, 1873, graduated as 19th wrangler in a first class of thirty-seven. After acting temporarily as professor of mathematics in the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester, he was appointed mathematical and science master in the Royal Grammar School, Lancaster, and in August, 1874, he became senior mathematical master in the Royal School of St. Peter’s, York. He was ordained deacon in 1874, and priest in 1876, by the present archbishop of York. In 1881, on the occasion of the jubilee meeting of the British Association in York, in conjunction with Dr. T. Anderson, he became local secretary. In December, 1882, he was elected, out of fifty-seven competitors, as the first head master of the High School for boys, Gateshead-on-Tyne, and left there a school of one hundred and fifty boys to accept the position he now holds of principal of the University of Bishop’s College, and rector of the College School, Lennoxville, province of Quebec. He has held this position since August, 1885, and succeeded Dr. Lobley in both offices. In July, 1878, he was married to Annie Stanley, youngest daughter of the late T. Barnes, of London, England.

Turnbull, Lieut.-Colonel James Ferdinand, Commandant of the Royal School of Cavalry, Quebec city, was born in London, England, on the 19th July, 1835, and baptized at Westerham, in Kent, in the same font that had done duty to the ever immortal General Wolfe. He is the eldest son of the late James Turnbull, by his second marriage with Caroline Oldaker, and came to Canada when only one year old with his parents, who settled in Quebec. In 1841 he was sent to St. Andrew’s Church school, under a worthy good master, William Bain, leaving next year to join the school of that excellent teacher and missionary, the Rev. Mr. Handsell, and from there went to the High School on its formation in 1845, where he received his education until May, 1850, when he left school for good and entered the office as junior clerk of the mercantile firm of P. Langlois & Co., on St. Andrew’s wharf. In 1855, upon the formation of the volunteer militia corps, he joined as a private, together with a number of other young men of Quebec, the troop of cavalry that was enrolled that autumn, and his love for horses and riding had an opportunity to display itself. In 1860, at a general meeting of the citizens of Quebec, called at the Merchants’ Exchange, by his Worship the Mayor, Hector Langevin, to form a committee for the reception of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Mr. Turnbull was unanimously called upon to act as honorary secretary to the said committee, and performed his arduous duties to the entire satisfaction of the whole community, receiving a very complimentary vote of thanks. In 1861 he received a commission as cornet in No. 2 troop Quebec Volunteer Cavalry, and upon the disbanding of this troop in 1862, was promoted to be lieutenant in No. 3 troop, which subsequently replaced No. 2, and the subject of this sketch was gazetted captain on May 20th, 1864, and visited the American cavalry and their remount depôts during their civil war. In 1865 he proceeded to the Cavalry Depot, Canterbury, for a course of instruction, at the suggestion of Colonel MacDougall, adjutant-general, who saw the necessity of establishing a school of cavalry in Canada; and upon the news of a probable Fenian raid, returned by way of New York in March, 1866, acting both there and on the frontier as intelligence officer to the adjutant-general then in Montreal; subsequently coming on to Quebec and assuming charge of the Quebec cavalry. In 1867 Captain Turnbull went to France, at the suggestion of Sir George Cartier, to study the French cavalry drill, and through the British ambassador in Paris, Lord Lyons, received the necessary permission to visit the regiment at St. Germain, “Les Dragons de l’Imperatrice.” In 1869 he received the brevet rank of major. In 1872 he went with official letters from the Governor-General to England for cavalry instruction, and was attached to the 7th Hussars at Aldershot, returning again in time for the annual drill in camp at Levis the next summer. In 1874 he received the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1875 he again proceeded to England for cavalry instruction, and was put on the cavalry staff at Aldershot during the autumn manœuvres, subsequently proceeding to Italy for the winter, and while in Rome had the privilege of a private presentation to His Holiness Pius IX., by Monsignor Stonor. Colonel Turnbull returned to Canada for the drill season of 1876, but shortly afterwards started again for an extended European tour, and while in Paris in the month of April, 1878, received an offer from the War Office, in the probable event of war with Russia, to raise a regiment of cavalry in Canada for service in the East, and spent some weeks in communication with the War office authorities and H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, to whom he was presented by Sir Patrick MacDougall, as the best Canadian officer that he knew of to undertake the task,—rendered, however, unnecessary by the celebrated conference at Berlin, when “peace with honour” was concluded. In 1879 Sir Patrick MacDougall cabled from Halifax that Lieut.-Colonel Turnbull was ready to raise a regiment of cavalry for service in South Africa if permission were granted him by the Canadian authorities, the Whitehall “Review” of the 27th March, 1879, remarking upon the offer as follows:—“The Government has found it necessary to decline the offer made by Lieut.-Col. Turnbull to raise a regiment in Canada for service at the Cape, but it has signified its appreciation of the very laudable spirit in which the offer has been made. Colonel Turnbull was lately residing temporarily in England, and made the acquaintance of many officers of our army. He is spoken of as an officer of considerable military ability, and this is not the first occasion on which he has given convincing proof of his loyalty and anxiety to serve the interests of the British Crown.” In 1883 the dominion government having in view the establishment of a cavalry school of instruction, Colonel Turnbull, together with three other commandants of infantry schools, was sent to Aldershot, where he was attached for three months to the 15th Hussars, and on the 21st December, 1883, his official appointment as commandant of the cavalry school corps appeared in the “Gazette.” On the breaking out of the Riel rebellion he was ordered with his corps to the North-West and stationed by General Middleton in the Touchwood Hills, where so much depended upon the several reserves of Indians in that district being prevented from going on the war-path and joining the rebels at Batoche. The tact and firmness displayed in dealing with these bands, had a satisfactory result; and in common with the rest of the expedition, he received the war medal. Besides his military proclivities he has long been an active promoter of sport and general club life, having been a member of the committee of the Turf Club, Hunt Club, Curling Club, Racket Court, Tandem Club, Yacht Club, Rowing Club, Rifle Association, of which he was president; Stadacona Club, and Garrison Club, Quebec. He is also a member of more than one military club in London, and the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, Toronto. Colonel Turnbull was married in June, 1867, to Elizabeth, third daughter of James MacKenzie, of Point Levis. His residence is “Clermont,” St. Louis road, Quebec.

Pacaud, Ernest, Advocate and Journalist, Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, province of Quebec, on the 25th August, 1850. He is a son of the late P. N. Pacaud, in his lifetime notary at Arthabaska. Mr. Pacaud was educated at Nicolet’s College, from September, 1860, to September, 1867, and was admitted to the bar 8th July, 1872. He practised at the Arthabaska bar from 1872 to 14th June, 1878, when he was appointed by the Provincial government, Hon. Mr. Joly at the time being premier, the prothonotary of the Superior Court, clerk of the Crown, and clerk of the Circuit Court at Three Rivers. He was, however, dismissed for political reasons in March, 1880, by the Tory government, headed by the Hon. Mr. Chapleau. He established the Journal d’ Arthabaska in September, 1877, in the interest of the Liberal party, and published it till June, 1878, when he received the appointment of prothonotary at Three Rivers. He took the editorship of La Concorde, published at Three Rivers, April, 1880, but on the 15th December, 1880, left the Concorde, when called by the leaders of the Liberal party to take the editorship of L’Electeur, a daily morning paper published in the city of Quebec, and the chief Liberal organ in the province. He is now the proprietor and chief editor of L’Electeur. He ran as a representative for the local house in Drummond and Arthabaska in January, 1874, after Hon. Mr. Laurier’s resignation in the Legislative Assembly, to run for the House of Commons at Ottawa. He also was a candidate for the House of Commons in Bellechasse, at the general elections of 1882, but was defeated by Colonel Amyot, then the Tory candidate. He is Catholic in religion, and a Liberal in politics. Mr. Pacaud accompanied, in 1881, the Hon. Messrs. Blake, Laurier, and Huntingdon in their political tour in Nova Scotia, as correspondent for the French Liberal press of the province of Quebec. He was married on the 23rd August, 1876, to Marie Louise Camille Turcotte, daughter of the late Hon. J. E. Turcotte, who was a speaker of the House of Commons and member of the government under the union of the two Canadas, and sister of the Hon. A. Turcotte, Speaker of the House of Assembly of Quebec from 1878 to 1881, and now commissioner of crown lands in the Mercier government.

Doucet, Laman R., Bathurst, Sheriff of the County of Gloucester, New Brunswick, was born at Bathurst on the 25th of August, 1847. His parents were Romain D. Doucet and Marie DeGrâce. His father was of Acadian descent; and his grandfather one of the first French settlers after the expulsion of the Acadians from old Acadia in 1755. His mother was of Spanish descent, her grandfather having come from Spain to America about the year 1781, when only about seventeen years of age, with his uncle, Admiral DeGrâce, who was in command of a French fleet, and who figured conspicuously on the side of freedom at the siege of Yorktown, when the last successful effort was made for American independence in 1781. Sheriff Doucet was educated in the schools of his native parish, and succeeded in securing a good French and English education. He is a man of great energy of character, and through his own almost unaided exertions he now stands high among his fellow countrymen. In April, 1881, he was appointed sheriff of his native county, being the second gentleman of French origin who has attained to this position in the province of New Brunswick. Since his appointment he has acted as returning officer in all the local and federal elections in Gloucester county. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married on the 19th July, 1876, to Margaret Dion, of Bathurst.

Genest, Laurent Ubalde Archibalde, Counsellor-at-Law, Three Rivers, Province of Quebec, was born on the 4th March, 1828, at Gentilly, in the same province. His ancestors came from France, where several villages bearing their name remain to this day as old landmarks of several branches of this ancient family. One of them, Louis Genest, captain of militia, and a thriving agriculturist, settled at St. Jean, Isle d’Orleans, near Quebec, where, on the 19th January, 1777, he married Elizabeth Amireau, alias Mireau, from l’Acadie, in Nova Scotia. From Louis Genest and Elizabeth Amireau, or Mireau, was born on 18th April, 1779, Laurent Genest, father of the subject of this sketch. L. Genest, the elder, received his education at Quebec, where, on the 24th March, 1808, he was, by Royal commission, appointed a notary public for Lower Canada. Shortly afterwards he left Quebec, and settled in the parish of Gentilly, in the county of Nicolet, where he acted as agent for the seigniory of Gentilly, and on behalf of several large landowners in the neighboring townships of Maddington, Blandford, Bulstrode, Stanfold and Somerset. On 29th October, 1810, he married, at Gentilly, Marie Anne Panneton, daughter of Jean-Baptiste Panneton, a captain of militia, and a prosperous agriculturist. On 1st September, 1812, he was appointed adjutant of militia in full pay, and raised a battalion, from the Bécancour division, for the American war with Great Britain. He marched off with that battalion for the seat of war; but the battle of Chateauguay (26th October, 1813) having been won, his battalion was recalled home. On the 17th February, 1815; 8th March, 1816; 13th September, 1830; 11th October, 1834, and 2nd March, 1835, he was appointed, by as many Royal commissions, a returning officer for the election of members for the counties of Buckingham and Nicolet. On 13th February, 1822, under the Earl of Dalhousie, he was appointed again captain and adjutant of militia for the Bécancour division. On 27th January, 1831, under Lord Aylmer, he was appointed again captain for the second battalion in the militia of the county of Nicolet. On 13th April, 1839, he was appointed clerk of the Court of Requests at Gentilly, a county court for the county of Nicolet which sat quarterly, doing considerable business. On 7th June, 1842, he was appointed a justice of the peace for the district of Three Rivers. On 22nd April, 1844, he was appointed clerk of the Circuit Court of Gentilly, a circuit embracing the whole county of Nicolet. On 6th October, 1845, he was appointed a commissioner to administer official oaths in Lower Canada. He was offered on several occasions, by the electors of the county of Nicolet, the nomination as their representative in the House of Assembly, but always declined. He was a man of sterling worth, much loved and respected on account of his irreproachable integrity and his sociable character. His friends were many and most distinguished, especially in the city of Quebec, whence he came. He died much regretted at Gentilly, on the 25th of September, 1846, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. His son, L. U. A. Genest, the subject of this sketch, was born at Gentilly on the 4th March, 1828. He is a brother of the late Charles B. Genest, advocate, and an M.P.P. for Three Rivers in the House of Assembly of Quebec. He was educated at Nicolet College, under the rectorship of the Right Rev. J. B. A. Ferland, the learned and distinguished Canadian historian (1840-1846). At the death of his father, in 1846, he succeeded him as agent for the seigniory of Gentilly, which office he held until June, 1851. This position induced him to make a special study of the seignorial tenure and feudal system, which he admired very much, as having been, as he considered, an excellent mode to settle, with a select and prosperous population, French Lower Canada, though afterwards he was compelled to acknowledge that circumstances were changed, and that many abuses had taken hold of this fine tenure of lands, which later justified its abolition. Indeed, his opinion is that too much gratitude cannot be bestowed on the memories of two very justly regretted Canadian statesmen, the Hon. L. T. Drummond and Sir George Etienne Cartier (with whom he had the advantage of being intimately acquainted) for the abolition and redemption of that tenure, which had lived its full time. He holds that the present lord and tenant system of Ireland, which, when established, like the Canadian seignorial tenure, must have been beneficial to all parties concerned, should also now be abolished by redemption, just after the same mode which was followed for the abolition of the feudal tenure of Lower Canada; and he affirms that the British statesman who would accomplish this at the present time, whatever be his name, would be the greatest benefactor of the British empire in our days, whilst he would render the utmost service to every lord and tenant of Ireland, who would only be the happier for the change, with remarkable gain to all, and an incalculable saving of ill-feeling, trouble and millions of money to the mother country. On 20th May, 1850, Mr. Genest was commissioned an ensign of the 2nd battalion in the militia of Nicolet. In June, 1851 he left Gentilly for Montreal, where he began his regular legal studies, under Joseph Peltier, advocate, one of the Canadian braves of 1837, and his then partner, Joseph Papin, one of the chieftains of the Liberal party of that period. On 3rd May, 1853, he was admitted as an advocate and barrister at the bar of Montreal, where he began to practice with Toussaint Peltier and the Hon. Joseph Bourret. On 18th November, 1853, he was commissioned lieutenant in the 9th battalion of the militia of Montreal. In 1855 he was called to take part in the labors of the Seigniorial Commissioners at Montreal, a task which his previous studies and taste well fitted him to fulfil. He was also appointed to and filled the office of clerk of the Seigniorial Court of Review, which sat at Montreal and Quebec. On 8th March, 1856, he was appointed clerk of the peace for Three Rivers, where he removed from Montreal, whilst continuing for some time after to take part in the labors of the Seigniorial Commission at Montreal and Quebec. On 18th September, 1857, he was appointed a commissioner to administer official oaths in Lower Canada. On 1st August, 1876, he was appointed a member of the commission for the civil erection of parishes and the building of churches in the diocese of Three Rivers, of which commission he is the president. He is a member of the Institut National, and of the Historical Society of Montreal, and of the Literary Society of Three Rivers. He is also a member of the society for the re-wooding of the province of Quebec. As a member of the Historical Society of Montreal, he has contributed largely, with the regretted Sir L. H. LaFontaine, baronet, with whom he was on very friendly terms, to numerous and important researches concerning the ancient families who first settled Canada. He ranks among the first as a criminal lawyer in Lower Canada, and his advice is also highly prized in civil matters. His word is as good as gold, and he is held in very high esteem, and enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens, on account of his unimpeachable integrity and frankness. Though neutral in politics, he is, by inheritance and education, a strong Conservative; nevertheless a friend of all, without regard to party or creed. He is an enthusiastic admirer of the British constitution, and will cling to the very last to his allegiance. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, holding that religion is indispensable in the governing and ruling of nations to secure their peace, prosperity and happiness, and to insure the stability of kingdoms, empires and republics, thereby justifying the family motto—“Nascor, vivere, vincere et mori, pro Deo, reginâ, patriâ et civibus”; “Je nais, pour vivre, vaincre et mourir, pour mon Dieu, ma reine, mon pays, mes concitoyens.” On 21st January, 1856, he married, at Montreal, Emma MacCallum, daughter of John MacCallum, of that city (formerly a Quebec merchant), by Flavie Raymond, of Laprairie, a grand-daughter of James MacCallum, a Quebec merchant, seignior of the seigniories of St. James and Thwaite, in the district of Montreal, and also at one time a member for the city of Quebec in the House of Assembly of Lower Canada. Mrs. Genest is a first cousin, on her mother’s side, of the late Hon. Edouard Masson, M.L.C., and of his Excellency the Hon. L. F. R. Masson, member of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada, late lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. Mr. Genest resides at 64 Royal street, Three Rivers, P.Q.

Lugrin, Charles S., who was born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, in 1818, and died in the same city on the 27th April, 1877, was educated at the Collegiate School of his native place. He was a son of George K. Lugrin, for many years Queen’s printer for New Brunswick, and grandson of Peter Lugrin, who served as master of hospital stores in the Royal army during the American revolutionary war. The Lugrins are of Swiss origin. Captain Peter Moses Lugrin lived at Romainmotier, Switzerland, in the early part of the eighteenth century, and held important public positions. He married Lady Beniné Marguerite Rochat, by whom he had issue, Simeon, great grandfather of Charles S. Lugrin. Charles S. followed his father’s business of printing, and after the latter’s death took charge of the Queen’s printer’s establishment, under John Simpson, the new incumbent of the office, with whom he was in partnership for some time. After Mr. Simpson’s death, he began the publication of the Colonial Farmer, which he conducted successfully for a number of years. In 1868 he was appointed secretary of the Board of Agriculture, and held the office until the abolition of the board in 1875, when he accepted the office of secretary of the school trustees for Fredericton, which he held until his death in 1877. He was paymaster in the militia when a young man. In his lifetime he was an active member of the Methodist church; a leading temperance advocate, and for a term occupied the position of grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of New Brunswick. As a writer he was sharp and incisive, and in politics a Liberal. He was married to Martha L., daughter of John and Mary Stevens. The latter was a granddaughter of Colonel Richard Lawrence, of Staten Island, N.Y., who served on the loyalist side during the American revolution.

Chisholm, Peter J., President and Manager of the Nova Scotia Lecture and Concert Bureau, Truro, Nova Scotia, was born at West River, Pictou county, N.S., on the 1st August, 1848, and is the youngest of a family of seven sons. Both parents were Scotch, and came to Nova Scotia in 1810. Being poor working people, they were only able to give their son a common school education; and at the early age of thirteen he was apprenticed to a general merchant. Here he remained until he was sixteen, and then started business on his own account. He visited Halifax and made his own purchases, and after a few years’ successful operations, he began to import his merchandise direct from foreign markets, and has continued to do so ever since. In 1866, he joined the Orange association by becoming a member of Derry lodge, No. 25, Truro, and is still a member of the same lodge. He occupied the position of worshipful master three years, and at the present time is grand master of the Grand Orange lodge of Nova Scotia. In 1873 he joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, and was elected chief templar the same year. In 1878 he was sent as a delegate to the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, and was nominated for grand chief templar, but declined. In 1880 he was elected one of the delegates to the Right Worthy Grand Lodge which met in New York city in 1880; also to Washington in 1884; Toronto in 1885; Richmond in 1886; and to Saratoga in 1887; and at Washington session was elected right worthy grand marshal. In 1880, he was elected grand chief templar of his own Grand Lodge. He held the office for four successive years; but on being elected the fifth time, he resigned, and was unanimously elected grand secretary. This office he held for two years, declining re-election at the last session of the Grand Lodge, on account of business engagements. When he assumed the office of grand chief templar in 1880, the Grand Lodge for Nova Scotia had less than 2,000 members, with a debt of over $400; but when he retired from the office the membership was over 6,000, and a surplus of cash on hand. During the four years he held the office of grand chief templar, he travelled extensively through the province of Nova Scotia as a lecturer and organizer, and was very successful. In 1886 he received an appointment as deputy right worthy grand templar from his very intimate friend, the late Hon. John B. Finch, R.W.G.T., and two weeks afterward he received a commission to proceed at once to Newfoundland and look after the interests of Good Templary there. His trip was a grand success, and on the eve of leaving the island he was tendered a grand reception and was presented with a very flattering address, signed by the leading Good Templars of Newfoundland. For three years he held the position of chairman of lecture work, and it was through his influence that the following celebrated lecturers visited Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, namely, Hon. John B. Finch, Colonel J. J. Hickman, Lou. J. Beauchamp, Hon. John Sobieskie, Professor Crozier, and others. In one year he reported over 300 lectures delivered and 60 lodges organized; the greatest number of lodges ever organized in one year in Nova Scotia. At the present time he holds no office in the Grand Lodge, but he is ever in demand as a lecturer and organizer. At the present time he is president and manager of the Nova Scotia lecture and concert bureau. He is a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. In politics, Mr. Chisholm has always been a strong Liberal; and in religion, a Presbyterian. Mr. Chisholm has been in business for twenty years in the town of Truro, and no one living in that beautiful town takes such great delight as he does in pointing out its beauty and advocating its advancement. During the last ten years great inducements have been offered him to leave his beautiful town, but to all such offers up to the present time he has given a refusal. In 1872 he married Bessie A. Cock, of Brookside, Colchester county. Her great-grandfather, Rev. Daniel Cock, was the first settled Presbyterian minister in the province of Nova Scotia. This is the oldest Presbyterian church in the Dominion. The Rev. William McCulloch, D.D., who retired from the ministry about a year ago, was pastor of the above congregation forty-eight years. Rev. John Robbins, late of Glencoe, Ontario, is now pastor of this church. Mr. Chisholm has been blessed with a family of two boys. Mrs. Chisholm is a very active church member; a worker in the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, and other moral reforms.

Guillet, Major George, Merchant, Cobourg, Ontario, M.P. for West Northumberland, Ontario, was born in Cobourg, on the 19th July, 1840. His father, John Guillet, was born in St. Helier, Island of Jersey, and after coming to America resided several years in St. John’s, Newfoundland, where he acted as agent for a Jersey firm engaged in the fisheries. His mother, Charlotte Payne, was the second daughter of John Payne, and was born in Frome, Somersetshire, England. Mr. Guillet received his elementary education at the public schools, and at a private school of John Wilson, M.A., LL.D., and then entered Victoria College, Cobourg. He enlisted at the time of the Trent difficulty in the Cobourg Rifle Company, was promoted to the ensigncy of that company, and afterwards received a lieutenant’s commission in No. 2 company, 40th battalion, becoming its captain in October, 1873. He is now quartermaster of the 40th, with the rank of major. He sat in the municipal council of Cobourg seven years, and was also for four years mayor and commissioner of the town trust. His municipal career was marked by the liberal encouragement given to the manufacturing interests of the town; the obtaining of the passage of an act in the Ontario legislature providing a property qualification for commissioners of the town trust, and declaring the position shall be held without emolument, save by the chairman and treasurer of the board. Several important street improvements in the town also owe their origin to him. In addition, he was active in promoting the educational interests of Cobourg, particularly in getting erected the Faraday Science Hall, in connection with Victoria University, and the Collegiate Institute. He contested the West Riding of Northumberland in the provincial election of 1879, but was defeated by 21 votes. On the resignation of the Hon. James Cockburn, in 1881, Mr. Guillet was nominated for the vacant seat, and was elected by a majority of 79 votes over the Reform candidate, George Waters, M.D. He was re-elected at the general election of 1882, but his election having been voided by the Supreme Court, he was again nominated for re-election, and was returned, defeating for the second time his opponent of 1882, William Kerr. At the general election of 1887, he again defeated the Reform candidate, J. H. Dumble, police magistrate of Cobourg, and now represents West Northumberland in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is a firm supporter of British connection, and all lines of national policy consistent therewith. He is, however, in favour of reciprocal trade in natural products with the United States, and the abolition of the canal tolls on Canadian trade. While he is opposed to frequent changes in the British North America Act, he favours the idea of transferring the power of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors to the provinces. In the session of 1882, he introduced the bill granting to seamen a first lien and the right of recovery of wages in rem, and by a summary process, which resulted in the amendment of the Merchants’ Shipping Act of 1873 to that effect; and he received the thanks of the Seamen’s Union for obtaining these concessions. He is opposed to commercial union, on the ground of impracticability, save at the sacrifice of distinctively Canadian interests and institutions, and at the cost of humiliation and dishonour to the Canadian name. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the Oddfellows, and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In politics Mr. Guillet is a Liberal-Conservative, and in religion an adherent of the Methodist church. He has lived continuously in Cobourg since the day of his birth, and has been engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery and crockery business for over twenty-five years. This business was first established by John Guillet, and is now one of the oldest of its kind in Cobourg. Mr. Guillet has been a successful merchant; his career not having been interrupted by either suspension, assignment, or compromise. In addition to his regular line of business, he has invested considerable of his means in lake shipping.

McKinnon, Hon. John, Farmer and Trader, Whycocomagh, M.P.P. for Inverness, Nova Scotia, was born at Whycocomagh, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, on the 14th July, 1833. The family belongs to the McKinnons, of Skye, Scotland, and the subject of our sketch is the second son of Lauchlan McKinnon, who emigrated to Cape Breton from North Uist in 1828. His mother was Anna McLean. Mr. McKinnon received his education at the Free Church College, in Halifax. Apart from his business operations, he has devoted a good deal of his time to public concerns. He taught for several years, as Grammar school teacher in Halifax and Victoria counties. He was gazetted captain in No. 5 Inverness Infantry of militia, previous to confederation. In 1874 he was elected to represent the county of Inverness in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In May, 1875, he was sworn in as member of the Executive Council, and held office without a portfolio in the Hill administration until its resignation, in October, 1878. He was an unsuccessful candidate at the general elections, held in 1878 and 1882; but at the general election in 1886 he was again returned to the Legislature by his old constituency. Mr. McKinnon was a strong supporter of confederation, and assisted in promoting the building of the railway extension from New Glasgow to the Strait of Canso. He takes a deep interest in the temperance movement, and has held several offices in the orders of the Sons of Temperance and Good Templars. He actively supports the Scott Act. In politics, he is a Liberal; and in religion, an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married on the 19th December, 1878, to Harriet, daughter of the late D. McQueen, of Sydney, Cape Breton.

Owens, William, Stonefield, Lachute, M.P.P. for Argenteuil, was born at Stonefield, province of Quebec, in 1840. His father, Owen Owens, was a native of Denbigh, Wales, and his mother, Charlotte Lindley, of Brantford, England. Mr. Owens received his education in the schools of his native parish; and afterwards adopted commerce as his profession. In 1861 he joined his brother in partnership, under the firm name of T. & W. Owens, and they have since carried on an extensive business as merchants and forwarders, until 1887, when Mr. Owens retired from business. Mr. Owens was an officer in the active militia from 1863 to 1883, and retired with the rank of captain. For many years he held the position of postmaster of Chatham, and also filled several terms as councillor, and latterly as mayor, of the township of Chatham. In 1881 he entered political life, and at the general election of that year was returned to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec province, as representative of his native county. At the general election held in 1886 he was again elected for Argenteuil, this time by acclamation. In politics Mr. Owens is a Conservative; and in religion is an adherent of the Church of England. He is a widower.

Taschereau, Hon. Henry T., B.L., B.C.L., Montreal, Judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec, on the 6th October, 1841. He is the son of the Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, late one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the Dominion, who, after being on the bench for nineteen years, was forced to resign his position in consequence of ill-health, in October, 1878. His grandfather, Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, was in his lifetime one of the puisne judges of the Court of Queen’s Bench of Lower Canada, and his grandmother, Marie Panet, was a daughter of the Hon. Jean Panet, first speaker of the House of Assembly for Quebec province, which he held for twenty consecutive years. Judge Taschereau, the subject of our sketch, is the fifth member of the Taschereau family who have sat on the bench of the province of Quebec, or of the dominion of Canada, and is a nephew of his Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop of Quebec. The family is one of the oldest and most distinguished in that province, its founder in Canada having been Thomas Jacques, of Touraine, France, son of Christopher Taschereau, King’s counsellor, director of the mint, and treasurer of the city of Tours. This gentleman came to Canada about the beginning of the last century, was appointed treasurer of the marine, and in 1736 obtained the cession of a seigniory on the banks of the Chaudière river, Quebec province. Judge Taschereau was educated at the Quebec Seminary, and at Laval University, and received from Laval the degree of B.L., in 1861, and B.C.L. in 1862. He took up law as a profession, and practised in Quebec, with marked success, until he was elevated to the bench, in 1878. He was at one time a member of the city council of Quebec, and represented the city on the North Shore Railway Board. In 1862 he edited the newspaper, Les Debats, and in 1863 was one of the editors of La Tribune, of Quebec. He entered active political life in 1863, and ran as candidate for the county of Dorchester in the Legislative Assembly of Canada, but failed to secure his election. In 1872 he was more successful, and was returned as member for Montmagny county to the House of Commons. In 1874 he again presented himself for election, and was returned by acclamation. In politics, he was a Liberal. Being possessed of good talents and fine culture, with a good judicial mind, he has already done credit to his family of eminent parents. He was first married to a daughter of E. L. Pacaud, advocate of Arthabaska, on the 22nd June, 1864, and has a family of nine children. After the death of his first wife (Nov., 1883), he married in April, 1885, Mrs. Marie Masson, widow, of Montreal, sister-in-law of ex-Lieut.-Governor Masson. No children by last marriage.

McLachlan, Alexander, Erin, Ontario, was born at the Brig o’ Johnston, Scotland, in the year 1820. He is the son of a mechanic, and has had few of the advantages to be derived from a liberal education, yet from boyhood he was a great reader, and thus became acquainted with the works of the principal British authors. In early life he was apprenticed to a tailor, and worked at his trade for many years. In this way he fostered his inborn love of song, as few occupations are more conducive to the growth of poetic sentiment than a mechanical movement of the fingers, which leaves thought free to soar to heights that idleness could never hope to attain. In early life he became connected with the Chartist movement, but afterwards changed his views. In 1840 he emigrated to Canada, and, for a short time, made his home in the wild-wood; but since appearing before the public as an author and lecturer, he has resided at Erin, Wellington county, Ontario. The height of Mr. McLachlan’s ambition is to be to Canada what Burns was to Scotland: the poet of the people; and in this, we think, he has succeeded thus far. We cannot say that a greater than he may not appear in the future; but we have not yet seen any volume of Canadian verse equal to his in the simplicity that goes to the heart of the poor and lowly. In this respect he meets a want of the community, and occupies a position of honor that a poet of higher culture might vainly aspire to fill. It does not fall to the lot of every man to receive an education that will enable him to appreciate the classic beauties of a “Mulvaney” or a “Roberts,” or the chaste imagery of a “Maclean”; nor has nature gifted everyone with the “wild wealth of imagination” (we quote Collins) that would lead him to revel in the love-songs, of a “Caris Sima”; but what Canadian farmer, with a soul large enough to survive the transit to another sphere, would not feel the pathos of the lines that he writes on the death of his ox. This poem, though faulty in construction, brings the trials and sufferings of the early settler so graphically before the reader that it is impossible for us to overlook it. We quote the following lines:

Here, single-handed, in the bush, I battled on for years;

My heart sometimes buoyed up with hope; sometimes bowed down with fears.

I had misfortunes not a few, e’en from the very first;

But take them altogether, “Bright,” thy death’s the very worst.

And again he writes,

How can I ever clear the land? How can I drag the wheat?

How can I keep my credit good? How can my children eat?

The reader of these lines, perhaps, at the moment, a judge of the supreme court, a member of parliament, or a minister of the Gospel, will instantly look back to his boyhood’s days and see the meek-eyed oxen standing before the log-cabin door, from which issues the form of his father, bearing a long slender switch, which he twirls round in front of the gentle animals as he says “haw, Buck, gee, Bright”; and again he will see them struggling in the yoke, their wide-spreading horns clashing together as they draw the great logs into a heap for the burning; and seeing the result of the early settlers’ efforts in the magnificent stretches of cleared land, and waving fields of grain, he will sing, with our poet, in patriotic strain:

Hurrah! for the grand old forest land,

Where freedom spreads her pinion;

Hurrah with me, for the maple tree,

Hurrah! for the new Dominion.

It is, though portrayed in the humblest language, a very pathetic picture he draws of “Old Hannah,” poor old woman, husband and children all gone, sitting, on the Sabbath morn, on the doorstep of her desolate home, with her Bible on her knee, looking as sweetly patient as only those purified by affliction can look, and silently teaching us to thank God for the suffering that alone can fit us for the kingdom of heaven. We quote these lines:

In her faded widow’s cap;

She is sitting alone

On the old grey stone

With her Bible in her lap.

Her years are o’er three score and ten,

And her eyes are waxing dim,

But the page is bright

With a living light,

And her heart leaps up to Him

Who pours the mystic harmony

Which the soul can only hear,

She is not alone

On the old grey stone,

Though no earthly friend is near.

For his poem, “Halls of Holyrood,” Mr. McLachlan, in a world-wide competition, won the prize offered some years ago by the Glasgow Workman newspaper, for a national song for Scotland. In 1863 he was appointed by the Canadian government to lecture throughout Great Britain in favor of emigration to Canada. He has also lectured in the principal Canadian towns and villages on various subjects. He speaks with much earnestness and simplicity. As a poet, we would say, Mr. McLachlan has written many pretty musical pieces, while all his work evinces much force, fervor, and simplicity. Here is a line of great beauty that he gives birth to when he speaks of the humming bird as

Wandering spirit of the flowers.

And here is a pretty stanza from “Indian Summer”:

Down from the blue the sun has driven,

And stands between the earth and heaven,

In robes of smouldering flame;

A smoking cloud before him hung,

A mystic veil, for which no tongue

Of earth can find a name;

And o’er him bends the vault of blue;

With shadowy faces looking through

The azure deep profound;

The stillness of eternity,

A glory and a mystery,

Encompass him around.

The air is thick with golden haze,

The woods are in a dreamy maze,

The earth enchanted seems.

Have we not left the realms of care

And entered in the regions fair,

We see in blissful dreams?

Here our poet has left the logging-field and is enjoying the beauties of nature, while giving more attention to the rhythmic tone of the muse. We understand that Mr. McLachlan is now writing for Grip, and we have seen some lines of his entitled “May Song” which, as a lyric, is far in advance of his previous work. We give the first stanza:

Now morn is ascending from out the dark sea,

A light crimson veil hanging o’er her;

The lark leaves her nest on the bonny green lea,

And flutters aloft to adore her.

And, oh, how the living beams revel and leap!

In purple and gold to enfold her;

And how the wild cataract roused on the steep,

Is shouting with joy to behold her.

Here is good word-painting, and shows what heights our poet is capable of attaining. We would say, in conclusion, that we think Mr. McLachlan should be looked upon as a benefactor to his country, in that he has thrown a halo over the humblest home. Well would it be, for those who are seized with the “brick and mortar craze” of the present day, to pause and read “The Old Settler’s Address to his Old Log House,” before he lays the foundation stone of the new brick mansion that too often leads to ruin, and sometimes to disgrace.

O’Connor, Hon. John, Q.C., Puisne Judge of the Divisional Court of Queen’s Bench, who died at Cobourg, on the 3rd November, 1887, was of Irish descent. His parents, both of whom were named O’Connor, were representatives of two distinct branches of that family, and emigrated in 1823 from Kerry to Boston, Massachusetts, where deceased was born, in January, 1824. Four years later his parents removed to Canada, and settled in Essex county, Ontario, where he grew to manhood. When about nineteen years of age he sustained an accident which materially influenced his future career. While cutting timber on his father’s farm a heavy tree fell upon him, jambing one of his legs in the brushwood. Young O’Connor struggled hard to liberate the limb, but failed, and as night was fast approaching, and a biting frost prevailed, he feared he might be frozen to death. There was no hope of assistance. Under these desperate circumstances the young fellow took out his jackknife, cut off the limb, and crawled to his home over the snow, bleeding profusely. This disabled the future judge for manual labor, and from that date he devoted all his energies to study. Mr. O’Connor was called to the bar in 1854, settled down to practice in Windsor, and was successful, not only in gaining a profitable business, but in acquiring a good deal of local influence, political and otherwise. He was also a member of the Michigan bar. He filled the offices of reeve of Windsor, warden of Essex, and chairman of the Windsor School Board. In politics, he was a Conservative, and in religion a Roman Catholic. Mr. O’Connor represented Essex in the Canadian Assembly for a short period, and he was member of the same constituency in the House of Commons from 1867 to 1873, being one of Sir John Macdonald’s cabinet from 1872 till it resigned in 1873. Defeated in Essex in 1874, he was out of Parliament until 1878, when he was elected for Russell county, and again became a member of the Conservative government, holding the portfolios successively of president of the Council, postmaster-general, and secretary of state. From the cabinet he went to the bench, having been a judge of the Ontario Queen’s Bench since September, 1884.

Moffat, William, Treasurer of the county of Renfrew, Pembroke, Ontario, was born on the 29th November, 1825, in Haddingtonshire, Scotland. His father, Alexander Moffat, came to Pembroke in 1840, and laid out the village (now town) of Pembroke. He was its first postmaster, and subsequently became an extensive mill owner. In his day he was a leading Reformer, and was on one occasion nominated by his party to represent it in the Legislative Council, but declined the honor. Mr. Moffat’s mother was Margaret Dickson Purvis, who died in 1834. Mr. Moffat, the subject of our sketch, is the eldest son of this worthy couple, and received his education in Bytown, now Ottawa. He worked with his father in his mills in the section of country where the family had settled, and which was then an almost unbroken wilderness, until he was twenty-three years of age, when he began the lumber business, and carried this on until 1865; and from that year he conducted his father’s business, which consisted of flour and woollen mills, until his death, on the 7th of April, 1872, when he, with his brother Alexander, continued the business, to which they have added oatmeal and saw mills, until 1878. The mills were on the site on which his father first built in 1840. Mr. Moffat has in his day taken an active interest in municipal affairs. He was reeve of the township of Pembroke for the years 1871 to 1874; and during 1872 to 1876 he was warden of the county of Renfrew. In 1875 and ’76 he occupied the position of reeve of the village of Pembroke; and he was also the first mayor of the town of Pembroke, holding that office in 1877 and 1878. In January, 1885, he was appointed treasurer for the county of Renfrew, and this office he continues to fill to the satisfaction of his fellow citizens. He was the projector of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway, and was one of its first directors. He is a member of the Masonic order. In politics he is a Reformer, and twice carried the standard of his party through political contests—one for the Dominion parliament and one for the Ontario legislature—but unfortunately was unsuccessful on both occasions. In religion he is a member of the Presbyterian church. In 1849 he was married to Isabella Ambrose Kennedy, who came from Dumfriesshire, Scotland.

Ouimet, Hon. Aldric Joseph, Lieutenant-Colonel, LL.B., Q.C., Montreal, M.P. for Laval County, and Speaker of the House of Commons at Ottawa, was born at Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 20th May, 1848. He belongs to one of the oldest families in the district of Montreal, they having settled there over a century ago. His father was Michel Ouimet, a justice of the peace, and his mother, Elizabeth St. Louis Filiatrault. Hon. Mr. Ouimet was educated at the Seminary of St. Therese de Blainville, and graduated a LL.B. at Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontario, in 1869. He studied law in the office of Edmund Barnard, in Montreal, and was called to the bar of Lower Canada in 1870, and since that period he has successfully practised his profession in Montreal, being the head of the law firm of Ouimet, Cornellier and Emard. On the 11th October, 1880, he was appointed a Queen’s counsel. In 1874, he was elected a member of the Board of Roman Catholic School Commissioners for Montreal, and has ever since taken a direct interest in educational matters. He is now a director of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank, and of the Credit Foncier Franco-Canadién; and president of the Laval Agricultural Society. A number of years ago he joined the volunteer movement, and was promoted to a captaincy in the Mount Royal Rifles. He is now lieutenant-colonel of the 65th battalion of rifles, and as such commanded his battalion throughout the North-West campaign in 1885. He did good service to his country in the Edmonton district, by pacifying the Indians, and persuading the Half-breeds to support the Dominion government. He is chairman of the council of the Dominion Rifle Association. He was first returned to the Dominion parliament in November, 1873, to his present seat, in place of the Hon. Joseph Hyacinthe Bellerose, who was called to the Senate in October of that year, and was re-elected by the same constituency by acclamation in 1874, 1878, and 1882. He was again elected at the general elections held in 1887. He was unanimously chosen speaker of the House of Commons on the 13th April, 1887, and now fills that high office with dignity and impartiality. Hon. Mr. Ouimet is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, and was returned as an independent supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald’s administration. He is a thorough Canadian, and has great faith in the future of Canada and of the Canadian nation. He supports a protective tariff, and any other well-devised scheme for the improvement of the country. In 1882 he voted for commercial independence. He seems to have at an early period of his life struck out for himself an independent career, and thus far he has succeeded. On the 30th July, 1874, he was married to Theresa, daughter of Alfred La Rocque, of Montreal, by Emelie Berthelot, and the fruit of the union has been four children.

Whelan, Hon. Edward, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.—The late Hon. Edward Whelan was born of humble parents, in the county of Mayo, Ireland, in the year 1824, and having received a fair common school education, when quite a boy he emigrated to Nova Scotia, and apprenticed himself to the Hon. Joseph Howe as a printer. At the age of nineteen he came to Prince Edward Island, and commenced writing for some of the public newspapers, and the brilliancy and force of his articles soon brought him into public notice, and shortly afterwards he assumed the editorship of a newspaper called The Palladium, in which the cause of the tenantry was ably espoused, and the foundation laid for a vigorous campaign, which resulted in the establishment of the present system of responsible government, and the abolition of the rental system, which was then as obnoxious to the people of Prince Edward Island as it is at present to the people of his native land. At the early age of twenty-one years, looking but a mere boy, he was elected to represent the second district of Kings county in the local legislature, and shortly afterwards having, in conjunction with the Hon. George Coles, succeeded in obtaining responsible government for the province, was chosen a member of the first government formed under the new constitution, and was co-leader with Mr. Coles for several years; when, finding that his position as a member of the Executive Council interfered with his freedom in discussing public questions, he retired from the council, retaining the office of Queen’s printer. His ready pen and eloquent tongue were ever ready to defend the causes he had espoused, and sometimes he would reply to the attacks of his opponents with such keen severity, that, feeling their inability to cope with him in a paper warfare, he was dragged into the courts on charges of defamation of character. And his eloquent and able defence before the court on one of those occasions won for him the admiration of the judges, lawyers, and all who heard him, convincing not only the court and jury, but all who heard or read his eloquent address to them, that he was no slanderer, but only an exponent of public wrongs. He continued to represent the second district of Kings county for over twenty years, during which time his popularity never abated. When the confederation of the British provinces was proposed, he warmly espoused the project, sincerely believing that its accomplishment would materially add to the prosperity and development of his adopted country; and although the party with whom he formerly worked were for the most part opposed to the scheme, and although he knew that the project was held in small favour by the great majority of his constituents, he nevertheless openly advocated what his honest convictions assured him was for their true welfare, although at the expense of his present popularity and interest. And now, after a lapse of over twenty years, the province almost unanimously acknowledges that he was not only honest and sincere in his criticisms, but right in his judgment, and a movement is on foot to erect a statue to his memory in the principal square in Charlottetown. He was one of the delegates to the Quebec convention for the confederation of the provinces, where he made many friends, and did credit to himself and the province he represented. The “Canadian Biographical Dictionary” of 1881 contains the following tribute to his worth:—“Amongst the most noted statesmen and orators in Prince Edward Island fifteen and thirty years ago was Edward Whelan. A self-taught man and sagacious politician, at the age of eighteen he came to the island, and shortly afterwards entered upon a brilliant career of journalism, having great power with the pen, and wielding it on the side of the people. In the local parliament, of which he was a member for a score of years, he was a great power, the premier part of the time, and one of the most courageous spokesmen of his party (the Liberal at all times). Few men in this province, living or dead, have done more service in getting important measures through parliament and extending civil liberty through the island. . . . Mr. Whelan was a Roman Catholic, and his death is reported to have been the triumph of faith.” The following is an extract from a speech by J. C. Underhay, M.P.P., at a meeting at Morell Bear in the fall of 1886, in advocacy of erecting a monument to his memory:—“No marble monument is needed to perpetuate the memory of Edward Whelan in this province. Our free schools, free lands, and self-government, with the well-tilled fields and comfortable homes, which all over the province have taken the place of the rude structures and neglected farms of the rent paying era, are all monuments to his memory more lasting than freestone or marble. But the people of Prince Edward Island need to erect a monument to his memory to tell to future generations that we, who were the immediate recipients of the benefits his patriotic heart, his gifted intellect, and his eloquent tongue secured for us, are not ungrateful for or forgetful of the great benefits he was so largely instrumental in securing for this province.” In 1851 Mr. Whelan married Mary Major, daughter of George Hughes, of the commissariat department at Halifax, by whom he had two daughters, who died some time previous to his own decease, which took place on the 10th of December, 1867. He had one son, a promising young man, who perished by the upsetting of a boat in Charlotte Harbor on the 1st of July, 1875, casting a deep gloom over the city, and so adding to the bereaved wife and mother’s already overflowing cup of affliction, that the chief justice was heard to say on the occasion that if ever there was a time when the miracle of raising the widow’s son could be fitly repeated it was then. His widow is still living, and, in consideration of the great public services rendered to the country by her husband, receives an annual grant from the legislature. Her whole existence seems to be wrapt up in the memory of her departed husband, and the one great desire of her life is to live to see a suitable monument erected to his memory.

Underhay, John Collier, Farmer and Land Surveyor, Bay Fortune, M.P.P. for Kings, First District, was born at Bay Fortune, in Kings county, in the province of Prince Edward Island, on the 15th of January, 1829. He is the only surviving son of William Underhay, who emigrated to Prince Edward Island from Devonshire, England, in the year 1818, and married Marianne Withers, daughter of James Withers, of the Commissariat department, Somerset, England, and sister to J. C. Withers, the present Queen’s printer of Newfoundland. The first months of their married life were spent in one of the houses on Lord Townshend’s estate, which Captain Marryat gives an account of the building of for the Irish emigrants. It was first occupied by Pat. Pierce, who murdered Abel, the steward or agent, at whose place the officers of the ship in which the “naval officer” sailed stayed while Lord Townshend was settling his new tenants on his estate, the nearest part of which was only about a mile and a half from the harbor where the warship was lying, and close to which the agent, Edward Abel, lived. After several removals, each one diminishing the stock of money brought from the old country, until it was about exhausted, they settled on the land which now comprises the premises where the subject of this sketch was born, and now resides. He received there a good common school education, and he completed his studies with Robert Blacke Irving, who was then one of the best mathematicians in the province. Having at a very early age closely identified himself with the party who was contending for responsible government, free schools, and free lands. At the age of twenty-four years he was appointed a justice of the peace, the youngest person ever appointed to that office in the province. Some years after he was appointed a commissioner of the court for the trial of small debts at Bay Fortune, and occupied the position of presiding judge in that court until those courts gave place to the present county courts. In 1868 he connected himself with the Independent Order of Good Templars, and in 1870 was elected grand chief of the province, a position which he has since filled for two successive terms. In May, 1884, he was a delegate to the Washington session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, and was placed on several important committees; and has ever since his connection with the order taken a leading part in the temperance movement. In 1874, he contested, unsuccessfully, the first legislative council district of Kings county, but in 1879 he was returned to represent the first district of Kings county in the House of Assembly. At the general election in 1882 he contested the second district unsuccessfully; but at the next general election, in 1886, he was returned for that district, which he now represents, in conjunction with the leader of the government. He was formerly a Liberal in politics, but lately has allied himself with the Liberal-Conservatives, whom he thinks more fully represent the principles of the old Liberal party of his province. As a justice of the peace Mr. Underhay has demonstrated more successfully than any other officer in the province that the Canada Temperance Act was workable in all its provisions, and only wanted public sympathy and support to make it effectual in the suppression of the liquor traffic. He has been the presiding magistrate in over fifty suits for violation of its provisions, and not one of these has been set aside or judgment reversed by subsequent legal proceedings. During the survey for the Prince Edward Island Railway, he suggested several alterations as to location, which time has demonstrated, and it is now generally conceded, would have been great improvements had they been adopted, and would have materially added to the utility of the line. He, however, succeeded, in opposition to the official engineers, in getting the present line through Souris to the Breakwater—a route which, although universally admitted to be the best, was declared by the engineers in charge to be impracticable. This route has proved to be not only by far the most convenient, but the cheapest to construct. He was brought up a member of the Church of England, but living amidst a Presbyterian community, he is a regular attendant and supporter of the Presbyterian church, and has for over fifteen years held the offices of secretary and treasurer to the congregation. He took an active and leading part in the erection of the new church at Bay Fortune. He has been a trustee for the school district in which he resides continuously for nearly a quarter of a century; and on every occasion that he was a candidate for a seat in the legislature he received an almost unanimous vote from the settlers for several miles around, without regard to political or other party distinction. He is taking a leading part in the present movement for the erection of a monument to perpetuate the memory of the late Hon. E. Whelan, who, in conjunction with the Hon. G. Coles, obtained for the province self-government, free schools and free lands, and many other liberal reforms. On the 17th September, 1856, Mr. Underhay was married to Rosaline, daughter of the late Hon. James Craswell, M.L.C., a descendant of Sir Edward Craswell.

Read, John, Secretary-Treasurer and Manager of the Stratford Gas and Electric Light Company, Stratford, Ontario, was born in South Petherton, Somersetshire, England, on the 20th August, 1838. His parents were John and Susan Read. He received his education in his native parish, and also attended for a short time Billing’s Academy, near where he was born, receiving a very meagre education, having to leave school when only thirteen years of age to accompany his parents to America. Shortly after his coming to Ontario, in February, 1852—he having arrived in Canada in September, 1851—he was apprenticed to the late Mark Holmes, in London, to learn the trade of carriage-making; and having faithfully served his time and worked some time as a journeyman, he removed to Stratford in May, 1862, which city he made his place of abode. In 1865 he entered into partnership with John Humphrey, and they carried on the business of carriage and waggon makers for some years. In 1875 he became a building contractor, and continued as such until 1883, when he abandoned business, and accepted the position of secretary-treasurer and manager of the Stratford Gas and Electric Light Company, which office he still holds. Mr. Read has been in public life for about twenty years, and has held during that time the various offices of councillor, reeve, and public and high school trustee. He has always taken a great interest in the improvement of the city, and worked hard to secure for it a public cemetery, under one management, in which the remains of both Protestants and Catholics may be consigned to mother earth. He also took an active part in the erection of the high and public school buildings, which are a credit to the young city of Stratford. Mr. Read belongs to the order of Oddfellows, and is a past representative of that body. He is a Conservative in politics, and has held for several years the office of president of the Conservative Association of Stratford. He, too, has been president of the North Perth Agricultural Society, and while he held office the new fair grounds were purchased and buildings erected thereon. In religion he is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on the 1st September, 1874, to Mary E. Taylor, whose parents are of Irish descent, and live in Ohio, United States.

Pope, Hon. Joseph, ex-Auditor and Manager of the Savings Bank, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 20th June, 1803, at Turnchapel, Devon, England. His father was Thomas Pope, of Padstow, Cornwall, England, and his mother, Annie Hase, of Barnstaple, Devon, England. His grandfather was a substantial yeoman, who occupied his own estate. Joseph was the sixth and youngest son, and his brothers almost all distinguished themselves in their professions and callings. He received his education at West Hore, parish of Plymstock, Devon, England, and landed in Prince Edward Island in 1819, one year later than his brothers, William and John, who had established themselves there as merchants and shipowners. John returned to England in 1823, and William in 1828, leaving Joseph to carry on the business on his own account at Bedeque, where he afterwards remained for thirty-two years. In 1830 he was elected to represent Prince county in the Legislative Assembly, and occupied a seat in the house for twenty-three consecutive years, during which period he was twice speaker for two full terms. In June, 1839, he was appointed to a seat in the Executive Council, and in 1851, upon the introduction of responsible government, was reappointed to the Executive Council, and appointed treasurer of the island. In 1831 he was appointed a justice of the peace; in 1832, a commissioner for taking special bail, and for the recovery of small debts; also a sub-collector of customs, and collector of inland revenue at Bedeque; in 1833, a deputy receiver of land tax for Prince Edward Island; in 1837, a high sheriff of Prince county; in 1843, a commissioner under the Act for the Relief of Insolvent Debtors; in 1842, a commissioner for managing public shares in Steamboat Company; and in 1844, a commissioner of Oyer and Terminer. In 1838, the Hon. Mr. Pope was sent to Canada, with the Hon. J. H. Howland, Joseph Howe, Sir William Young, Dr. Dalrymple, and others, to confer with Lord Durham regarding federal union, and he received the special approbation of His Majesty William IV., for upholding the laws of the colony. In 1847, with the Hon. Edward Palmer (now chief justice), he was sent by the inhabitants with a petition to Her Majesty, signed by four thousand two hundred electors, and approved of by the legislature, praying for the removal of Lieut.-Governor Huntley; and whilst in England, he conferred with Lord Gray with regard to the introduction of responsible government, of which he was always an ardent advocate. On his return to the island with Sir Donald Campbell (a new governor), he received the thanks of the Assembly and people. As a member of the Assembly, he originated the erection of the Colonial Building, and obtained, through the influence of Lady Mary Fitzroy, a grant from the Imperial government towards the erection of an insane asylum. With Dr. Dalrymple, he obtained a satisfactory settlement of the glebe lands, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing in the Road Compensation Act. In 1838 he moved the resolution for the separation of the Legislative and Executive councils. In 1853, Hon. Mr. Pope resigned office, and was absent from the island for about fifteen years. In 1868 he returned, and in 1870 he was re-appointed to his old office of treasurer and manager of the Savings Bank. In 1873, after confederation, he was appointed by the Dominion government dominion auditor and manager of the Savings Bank, and his appointment was confirmed by order-in-council in November of the same year. But the Hon. Mr. Pope being a staunch Conservative, he was dismissed from this office by the Mackenzie government a few weeks after they came into power. However, he was almost immediately afterwards appointed provincial treasurer by the Island government, and two years later, commissioner of Crown and Public lands, which office he held until his reappointment as auditor and manager of the Savings Bank, in June, 1880. On the 30th of June, 1883, he retired from office, and has since resided at Summerville, Prince Edward Island. The Hon. Mr. Pope has for many years taken an interest in military affairs. As early as 1828, he was appointed captain in the Prince county militia; in 1837, he was major commanding; and in 1853, he was gazetted lieutenant-colonel. In religion, he is a member of the Church of England. He has been married three times, but had no children except by his first wife, Lucy, who was a daughter of Captain Colledge, of the First Royal Regiment of foot, of which the Duke of Kent was colonel. His only children, William Henry, and James Colledge, are both mentioned in this volume. He spent the year 1848 in Great Britain, and there married Eliza M. Cooke, of Liverpool, his present wife. In 1853 he fitted up a vessel and started for Australia, but owing to the sufferings of his wife from seasickness, had to abandon the voyage at Liverpool, where he then remained for the next fifteen years.

McCallum, George Alexander, M.D., Dunnville, Ontario, was born in Toronto, on the 23rd April, 1843. His parents were George McCallum, who was a native of Jedburgh, Scotland; and Jane Sangster, of London, England. The father’s family were of Highland origin, and the mother’s Lowland Scotch. Dr. McCallum was educated at Stouffville, Ontario, and at the age of seventeen, having gained a second-class certificate he began teaching school, and for two years taught at Ringwood, township of Markham. He then took up the study of medicine, under the late Dr. Andrew Lloyd, at Stouffville, and graduated M.D. at Victoria University, Cobourg, in 1866, and began the practice of his profession. He moved to Dunnville in 1868, since which time he has enjoyed a large practice. In 1882 Dr. McCallum entered political life and contested the county of Monck for a seat in the Dominion parliament, against Lachlan McCallum, but the county having been gerrymandered a short time before, he was defeated by a small majority. In 1887, at the general election of that year, the doctor again presented himself for parliamentary honors, but was defeated by Arthur Boyle. This time the county had been further manipulated by the new Franchise Act. He has always been a staunch Liberal; and in religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. Dr. McCallum was married to Flora Eakins, of Sparta, Ontario, on the 21st September, 1870, by whom four children have been born, two sons and two daughters.

Wallace, Rev. Robert, Pastor West Presbyterian Church, Toronto, was born on the 25th of April, 1820, at Castleblaney, county Monaghan, Ireland. His people were originally from Ayrshire, Scotland, and like the Ulster Presbyterians generally are called the Scotch-Irish. His father, Samuel Wallace, was in early manhood chosen as an elder, and long held a leading position in the church as such. For many years he acted as superintendent of a Sabbath school, and also conducted a prayer-meeting at his own house, where the young people were often examined in the Shorter and Brown’s catechisms. He was often sent for to visit the sick, and to draw up wills for the dying, and was the kind and sympathizing friend of the poor and afflicted, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant. He was greatly esteemed by all who knew him as a man of most loving and amiable disposition, and of great spirituality of mind, who held constant and intimate communion with his God and Saviour. Mr. Wallace’s mother, Agnes Stephenson, was born at Poyntzpass, county Armagh. Her brothers had as tutor a French officer of the old regime. Her elder brother, Robert, bought a commission as lieutenant in the regular army, and was shot in the battle of Coruna, under Sir John Moore, and died in London on his way home. Her younger brother, Thomas, was for some years a Presbyterian minister in Dublin, but died early. Robert, the subject of our sketch, was the youngest of four sons and five daughters. His father and family emigrated to Canada, in 1829, while he was still a little boy, and he attended school in Toronto for some time, his teacher being the late Mr. Barber, afterwards secretary of the School Board. The school was then called the Central School, on the corner of Adelaide and Jarvis streets, and it ultimately became the Collegiate Institute. His father purchased two hundred acres of college land, being No. 1, third concession East Chinguacousy, where Mr. Wallace lived some years, attending the public school there. He was early dedicated to the Gospel ministry by his father. When about twelve years of age he read the life of Rev. Levi Parsons, the first missionary to the Jews of Palestine sent out by the American Board from New England, and he then desired to be a missionary to the Jews of Palestine. But years after, when studying for the ministry, Rev. William Rintoul, of Streetsville, said to him that we needed all our young men for Canada, and he then resolved to give up that primary desire of his heart. Rev. Angus McColl, now of Chatham, Ontario, was the first of the Canadians who studied wholly in Canada for the Presbyterian ministry. He began in 1835. The Synod appointed Dr. John Rae, principal of the Grammar school at Hamilton, to take charge of any young men who might wish to study for the ministry. Mr. Wallace began his studies under Dr. Rae in February, 1838, and continued under his care during 1838, 1839, and 1840, taking the lead as head of the Grammar school most of the time (Mr. McColl taking lessons in private). During 1841 he studied with the Rev. Mr. Rintoul, of Streetsville, and Mr. Adam Simpson, of the Grammar school. In February, 1842, Queen’s College was opened, and Mr. Wallace, with six others, entered the theological classes under Rev. Dr. Liddell, principal, while also attending the Greek class under professor Campbell, along with John Mowat, now professor in Queen’s College. Mr. Wallace attended Queen’s College during three sessions, when, because of the disruption in Scotland, he and five others—that is six of the seven theological students—left Queen’s College and joined the Free Church of Canada, formed in June, 1844. Rev. Dr. Charles King, of Glasgow, was sent out by the Free Church as professor of theology in the new Free Church College at Toronto, called Knox College, after the heroic founder of the Church of Scotland. The synod appointed Rev. Henry Esson and Rev. William Rintoul to assist the Rev. Dr. King. The first session, 1844-5, was held in a small private house, the residence of Professor Esson, on James street, Toronto, and was attended by fourteen students. That was the last year of Mr. Wallace’s course. In April, 1845, he began his preaching tours over the land, and as the Rev. Mr. Rintoul wished the three young men who had finished their studies (Messrs. McColl, McKinnon and Wallace) to give at least a year to mission work, Mr. Wallace resolved to carry out his wishes, and he refused all calls to settle as a pastor until after fifteen months of most laborious work. The Rev. Mr. Rintoul advised him to accept the next call, as he saw that his health was breaking down with overwork and privation. During that time he travelled about six thousand miles on foot or on horseback, preached about four hundred times, and visited several hundred Presbyterian families scattered over the country from Kingston to Goderich. The roads were then in a primitive condition, and Mr. Wallace often travelled through rain and deep mud, his horse and himself covered with mud; and the fatigue was so great that he broke down several horses, and, at the same time, occasionally went without dinner in the new settlements. He thus organised or supplied in their earlier stages a large number of small congregations near Toronto, in Scarboro’, Markham, Vaughan, King, West Gwilliambury, Bradford, Inisfil, Chinguacousy, Toronto Township, Esquesing, Trafalgar, Oakville, etc., and a few times Stratford and other places up to Goderich, London Township and Westminster, besides preaching at Kingston, Belleville and places north of it. On the 15th July, 1846, Mr. Wallace was ordained at Keene, Otonabee, a place at that time very subject to fever and ague; and, as his constitution was very much run down, he was only three weeks there when he was stricken down by that disease till the close of the year 1847, when the doctor declared he was in danger of paralysis if he attempted to preach any more, and ordered him to return home and recruit. He remained at his mother’s during that winter, and regained his health, though with occasional symptoms of the old trouble. During the summer of 1848 he was sent by the Rev. Mr. Rintoul to take charge of the Free Church at the town of Niagara, a place free from malaria, and while there was greatly benefited. Towards the close of that summer he was advised to visit Ingersoll, and preach in a new church without a pastor. He did so, and was called and settled there in January, 1849. The congregation grew from being a handful of people to be a large, flourishing centre, and after some years the church had to be enlarged, which was done by erecting a gallery, without ventilators. The result was that soon after the re-opening, owing to the great heat from stove pipes meeting in front of the pulpit, Mr. Wallace took tonsillitis, or clergyman’s sore throat; and, after trying various remedies, was advised to resign his charge and visit Britain for the removal of his trouble. In January, 1860 he did so, and accepted the situation of agent for the French Canadian Missionary Society. In less than five months he collected over $4,000 for that mission in Canada, nearly double what had been collected the previous year. On the 30th June, 1860, he left for Britain, by the Allan steamer Hibernian. He collected in Scotland and England between $4,000 and $5,000, and introduced the mission among the higher classes in London, by addressing the annual soiree of the Evangelical Alliance, and getting subscriptions from such men as Lord Lawrence and the late Duke of Marlborough. He had reason to believe that he could have raised twice as much in an ordinary year; but that year about $1,500,000 had been contributed in England for three special objects—the famine stricken in India, the friends of the massacred Christians at Damascus and on Lebanon, and towards the sixty thousand silk weavers at Coventry, thrown out of employment by free trade with France. He also preached in Dr. Cooke’s church, Belfast, and got a grant of £100 a year from the Irish Presbyterian church, which was afterwards increased to £200 a year. After an absence of eleven months he arrived home on the 23rd of May, 1861, fully restored in health and vigor. He continued to labor for the French Canadian Mission till June, 1862, when he accepted a call to Thorold and Drummondville, where he labored for over five years. During that time the membership of the church at Thorold more than doubled, and at Drummondville was about trebled. In October, 1867, he received a call to West Church, Toronto, where he was inducted by the presbytery on the 6th November, 1867. Since then he has received about one thousand eight hundred into church fellowship, and a new, commodious and well-built brick church, seating about one thousand, has been erected, and a good work carried on. West Church has now a membership of about seven hundred and forty communicants. In February, 1839, while Mr. Wallace was a student at Hamilton, the late John Dougall, of Montreal, gave an address on the duty of Christians to give up the use of all intoxicants, in order to set an example to others, and thus prevent them from becoming drunkards—on the principle set forth by the great apostle in Romans 14th, and 1st Corinthians, 8th chapter. Mr. Wallace at once accepted the principle, and took the total abstinence pledge, and ever since it has been one of the chief aims of his life to promote the cause of temperance, through total abstinence, as the only effective way of preventing drunkenness. He often lectured, even while a student, and still more frequently since, and several times he has published sermons and pamphlets on the subject, such as “Temperance from the Bible Standpoint,” while labouring, as a member of the executive of the Ontario Temperance and Prohibitory League, to secure the Scott Act, which was carried at Ottawa as the result of a petition signed by about five hundred thousand persons. While residing at Ingersoll he leavened the county of Oxford with his views, and thus prepared the way for the Scott Act there. A few years ago he was appointed to prepare a tract for the executive of the Ontario Alliance, entitled, “The Lesson of Statistics; or, Facts and Figures on the Temperance Question,” five thousand copies of which were circulated. Since then he read a paper, by request, before the Toronto Ministerial Association, on “The Scriptural Argument for Prohibition,” which was published, by request, in the Canada Citizen, the organ of the Alliance. He also wrote, “The Scott Act and Prohibition the Hope of Canada,” published by the Methodist Book Room. Soon after the confederation of the provinces, Mr. Wallace wrote a pamphlet entitled “The New Dominion,” giving a description of the several provinces, with their various characteristics and resources. He has also written a good deal for The Presbyterian and other papers, on Missions, the Sabbath, etc. His life has been a very busy one, a hard worker, working generally twelve to fifteen hours a day ever since he entered on his course of studies for the ministry. He has received about three thousand into church membership, and supplied or fostered a large number of stations in their earlier stages. He has several times been moderator of his own presbytery, at London, Hamilton, and Toronto, and has been honored by his brethren by being made president of the Toronto General Ministerial Association, and also president of the Toronto Presbyterian Ministerial Association. He was married at Ingersoll, Ontario, on the 3rd September, 1850, to Marianne Barker. Mr. Wallace had only one son, now the Rev. F. H. Wallace, M.A., B.D., born at Ingersoll, county of Oxford, on the 5th of September, 1851. He has had a very brilliant career as a student. After studying some years at the High School of Drummondville, Niagara Falls, he came out “head boy” of Upper Canada College in 1869, carrying off the Governor-General’s prize, and several other prize books. During his course at Toronto University, he held the three first scholarships in classics, modern languages, and general proficiency, and when he graduated he obtained the gold medal in classics. He took part of his theological course in Knox College, Toronto, and studied two sessions at Drew Theological Seminary, New Jersey, where he took his degree of B.D. Then he went to Germany, and spent the session of 1876-77 at Leipsic University. He has since been in the Methodist ministry in Toronto, Cobourg and Peterboro’. He has lately been appointed professor of New Testament Exegesis in Victoria University, Cobourg. Mr. Wallace had only one daughter who grew up to maturity. She held a first position all through her course of study, and was married in December, 1879, to Rev. Donald Tait, of Berlin, Ontario, and died in September, 1881, greatly beloved, leaving one little boy behind her, Francis Wallace Tait, who, through the kindness of his father, is still left with his grandparents.

Dobell, Richard Reid, Timber Merchant, Quebec, was born in 1837, at Liverpool, England. His father, George Dobell, was a successful tradesman in Liverpool, and well known for his strict integrity and stern independence. Richard Dobell, the subject of our sketch, secured his education at the Liverpool College, and came out to Quebec in August, 1857. For many years he carried on the business of timber merchant, under the name of Richard Dobell & Co.; but since 1885 the firm has been conducted under the title of Dobell, Beckett & Co., with a branch house in London, England. Mr. Dobell has always been deeply interested in the trade and prosperity of Quebec. He served as president of the Board of Trade, and was delegated by the Dominion Board of Trade to organize a conference in London to consider the advisability of a closer fiscal policy between Great Britain and her colonies. He is a member of the Executive Council of the Imperial Federation League in London, and is a firm advocate of a closer union being established between all the British colonies. He has been a member of the Quebec Harbor Commission since it was re-organized by the government, and was mainly instrumental in the construction of the Louise basin and docks. He is a Conservative in politics; and in religion a member of the Church of England. He is married to Elizabeth Frances, eldest daughter of Sir David MacPherson, and has three sons and two daughters.

Carrier, Charles William, Manufacturer, Lévis, province of Quebec, was born at St. Henri de Lauzon, county Lévis, on the 20th January, 1839. He was one of the first pupils of the College of Lévis, having entered that institution in the year it was founded. He went through the usual course of studies, and showed himself one of the brightest pupils of the school. In 1855 he took a situation as clerk in the commercial house of L. & A. Carrier, where he remained six years, gaining the highest step in the ladder by hard work, integrity, and attention to business. In 1861 he opened a store on his own account, and in a few years was at the head of an extensive business. In the year 1864, a young mechanic, of Lévis, Mr. Lainé, asked Mr. Carrier to give him the help of his experience and money to establish an iron foundry in Lévis. Many a less enterprising or more timid man would have refused, under the specious plea that he was doing a prosperous business, and could see no reason why he should abandon a sure trade to embark into a risky undertaking. Not so with Mr. Carrier; he saw at a glance that the enterprise had a good chance of success, would be the means of giving employment to a large number of people, and enthusiastically concentrated all his skill and interest in the advancement of the town of Lévis. Time amply proved that he was right in his surmises. In 1872, eight years after its foundation, the small foundry had grown up to the immense “Carrier-Lainé” works, known all over the country. In this undertaking Mr. Carrier gave the full measure of his capabilities as a business man and manager. When he thought of establishing this new industry the building of wooden ships, which had been almost the sole support of the working population, was in the wane, so much so, in fact, that the question was anxiously asked how the deserted ship-yards were to be again put in operation, and what would be the outcome of the enforced idleness of willing workers. Mr. Carrier came just in time to raise the courage of the inhabitants of Lévis and put new life into trade. He had to create and organize everything. After twenty years of ceaseless toil he has succeeded in gathering as good a gang of iron workers as can be found in the province, and to-day the Carrier-Lainé works are among the first in the Dominion in extent, perfected machinery, and finish and solidity of work. Besides making a financial success of his enterprise, Mr. Carrier has earned the gratitude of his countrymen, for having opened the doors of his works to the aspiring youth desirous to learn. In a country where industrial schools are in an embryo state, it is opportune to recall to the memory of those who will come after us the name of the man who was the first to open new avenues to the young generation. The Carrier-Lainé workshop has been a nursery from which have issued mechanics of all kinds, who are eagerly sought after in all the great centres of industry. How many families owe the future of their children to this good man? Mr. Carrier was beloved by his employees, chiefly on account of the interest he took in their welfare. For each and every one of them he had a word of encouragement or a good advice. Unlike the majority of employers who have become wealthy, he knew and instinctively felt that a little consideration to an employee at the right time is never out of place. In times of depression he never closed his works, even temporarily. “Profits are not large these times,” he would say, “but my workmen earn a living, and I am glad of it.” Such an example might be advantageously followed in many quarters. In the midst of his numerous occupations, Mr. Carrier found time to devote himself to everything tending to better the condition of the working classes. He was one of the founders of the Permanent Building Society of Lévis, and of the Loan and Investment Society of Quebec, having been a director of the latter company from its foundation until his death. Since 1870 he held a seat in the Council of Arts and Manufactures, over which he presided for two years. He devoted both his time and wealth to acts of charity and works of public interest. In 1882 he gave the town of Lévis a bronze statue of its founder, which is erected in Deziel square, and the municipal authorities have had the name of the generous donor engraved on the pedestal of the monument. Worn out by incessant labour, Mr. Carrier went to California to improve his health, but after a few months sojourn in that country he returned to his home, where he died on the 18th of September, 1887. In 1864 Mr. Carrier was married to Henriette Camille, the only daughter of Louis Carrier, who was the first mayor of Lévis, and occupied that position for seven consecutive years.

Sedgewick, Robert, Q.C., Barrister, Halifax, Nova Scotia, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Aberdeen on the 10th May, 1848. His father, the Rev. Robert Sedgewick, D.D., was born in Paisley, Scotland, was a minister of the United Presbyterian church, and for several years pastor of the U. P. Belmont street Church, Aberdeen. In 1849 he came to Nova Scotia, and was inducted as the minister of the congregation of Musquodoboit, where he died in 1885. His wife was Anne Middleton, a native of Perth, Scotland. The Rev. Dr. Sedgewick was the author of several works, which at the time of their publication attracted considerable attention; among others, that on “The Proper Sphere and Influence of Women in Christian Society;” “Amusements for Youth,” and “The Papacy: the Idolatry of Rome.” His eldest son, the Rev. Thomas Sedgewick, of Tatamagouche, N.S., a graduate of King’s College, Aberdeen, was, in the year 1886, the moderator of the Synod of the Presbyterian church in the Maritime provinces, and is a leading member of that communion. Robert Sedgewick entered as an undergraduate at Dalhousie College, Halifax, N.S., in November, 1863, where he obtained the degree of B.A. in May, 1867. In 1868, he commenced the study of the law in the office of the late John Sandfield Macdonald, premier of Ontario, at Cornwall, and in November, 1872, he was called to the bar of Ontario. He was admitted by Act of Parliament to the bar of Nova Scotia in May, 1873, in which province he has since practised his profession. In 1880 he was made a Queen’s counsel by the Dominion government. In 1885 he was appointed and now holds the office of recorder of the city of Halifax. In 1874 he unsuccessfully contested the county of Halifax in the Conservative interest for the local legislature. He was for four years an alderman of the city of Halifax, and for two terms he was a commissioner of schools for the same city. He was for several years president of the Alumni Association of Dalhousie College, and is now a governor of that university. He is also lecturer on Equity-Jurisprudence in connection with the Dalhousie Law School. In 1886 he was vice-president of the Nova Scotia Barristers’ Society, and he is now a member of its council. He was for some years secretary of the North British Society and was eventually its president. Mr. Sedgewick is a Presbyterian in religion and a Liberal-Conservative in politics. He is at present the senior member of the legal firm of Sedgewick, Ross, and Sedgewick, Halifax, N.S. In 1873 he married Mary Sutherland Mackay, eldest daughter of the late William Mackay, of Halifax, N.S.

Sangster, Charles, Kingston, Ontario, was born 16th July, 1822, at the Navy Yard, Point Frederick, Kingston. His father, who was a shipwright at a naval station on one of the upper lakes, died before his son was two years old. Mr. Sangster’s education was limited, so much so, indeed, that had he not studied zealously when he reached man’s estate, we could not probably now have included his name among our Canadian celebrities. At the age of fifteen he left school to seek employment, that he might aid in supporting his mother, and was received in the laboratory of Fort Henry during the rebellion of 1838. For ten years after this date he filled a humble position in the Ordnance office, Kingston. In 1849, seeing no prospect of promotion, he resigned and went to Amherstburg, where he edited the Courier until the death of its publisher, which event occurred in the following year. He then returned to Kingston, and filled the position of sub-editor of the Whig, which office he held till 1861, when he resigned. In 1864 he joined the staff of reporters for the Daily News, and in 1867 again resigned his post to enter the civil service at Ottawa. Through his writings, years ago, he established his claim to a place in the front rank of Canadian poets. In 1856 he published “The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, and other poems.” Of this work, Mrs. Susanna Moodie says: “If the world receives them with as much pleasure as they have been read by me, your name will rank high among the gifted sons of song. If a native of Canada, she may well be proud of her bard, who has sung in such lofty strains the natural beauties of his native land;” while the London National Magazine remarks: “Well may the Canadians be proud of such contributions to their infant literature; well may they be forward to recognize his lively imagination, his bold style, and the fulness of his imagery. . . . There is much of the spirit of Wordsworth in this writer, only the tone is religious instead of being philosophical. . . . In some sort, and according to his degree, he may be regarded as the Wordsworth of Canada.” In 1860 he published “Hesperus, and other poems and lyrics.” In “Hesperus,” a legend of the stars, it is said: “The poet essays a lofty flight.” Why not? How otherwise could he obtain a firm grasp of his subject, a matter too little thought of by many of our poets who bring the accessories so prominently forward that the subject is in danger of being utterly eclipsed? Even so is it with this poem, “Hesperus.” Though Mr. Sangster took a high flight, aye, even to the stars, to grasp his subject—and though he may have grasped it in his own mind, he has failed to delineate it clearly. We think in writing this poem, Mr. Sangster has been unduly swayed by some critic who was in love with the misty style of verse-writing so popular at the present day, which is considered most beautiful when most incomprehensible, as he does not often err in this way. It would be well if the young aspirant for the laurel-wreath would remember that poetic words thrown together promiscuously, or even with some attempt at form; aye, even with a perfect lyrical ring, will not make poetry, any more than a number of lovely tints, all in perfect harmony, thrown upon canvas will make a picture. There must be form as well as harmony of color, and the subject must stand boldly out from the accessories. We like much of Mr. Sangster’s writing; besides being good descriptive verse, it recalls pleasant scenes, illustrative of the simple amusements of the earlier settlers of our country, when there were no lectures, concerts, etc., and folk spent their evenings at home, or at little rustic gatherings, such as described by our poet in the “Happy Harvesters.” We quote the following: —

From hand to hand the ripened fruit went round,

And rural sports a pleased acceptance found;

The youthful fiddler, on his three-legged stool,

Fancied himself, at least, an Ole Bull;

Some easy bumpkin, seated on the floor,

Hunted the slipper till his ribs were sore;

Some chose the graceful waltz, or lively reel,

While deeper heads the chess-battalions wheel.

Old grey-beards felt the glow of youth revive,

Old matrons smiled upon the human hive;

Where life’s rare nectar, fit for gods to sip,

In forfeit-kisses, passed from lip to lip.

We were once witnesses of a scene of this description, where an aged, white-haired son of “Auld Scotia” was called upon to make an osculatory impress upon the damask cheek of a maiden of sixteen summers, and when the performance was over, the octogenarian turned to the assembled multitude and said: “Aye, but isn’t that refreshing.” We do not agree with the writer of “Life and Times of Sir John A. Macdonald,” when he says, with ill-advised harshness, that Mr. Sangster’s verse “is not worth a brass farthing.” In 1856, when Mr. Sangster published his first volume, Canadian literature was in its infancy; and we have not yet advanced so far that we can afford to scoff at his unassuming efforts to aid in a good cause. We think (Mr. Collins to the contrary) that there is much of Mr. Sangster’s work that is worth a great deal, as all writing must be that tends to elevate the soul of man; and Mr. Sangster’s work, however faulty it may be as poetry, is decidedly elevating. There has in the past been much poetry written that is gross and sensual; let us turn our backs on that, and foster the pure and true, until our country has a poetic literature without spot or blemish. Mr. Sangster has written much good verse in aid of this achievement. His “Falls of the Chaudière” is very good, and we must do his ungenerous critic the justice to suppose that he never saw “The Light in the Window Pane,” or he could not have made such an uncalled-for assertion. We give the following: —

A joy from my soul’s departed,

A bliss from my heart is flown,

As weary, weary-hearted,

I wander alone, alone;

The night wind sadly sigheth

A withering, wild refrain;

And my heart within me dieth,

For the light in the window-pane.

The stars overhead are shining,

As brightly as e’er they shone,

As heartless, sad, repining,

I wander alone, alone,

A sudden flash comes streaming,

And flickers adown the lane;

But no more for me is gleaming

The light in the window-pane.

The voices that pass me are cheerful,

Men laugh as the night winds moan;

They cannot tell how fearful

’Tis to wander alone, alone;

For them with each night’s returning,

Life singeth its tenderest strain;

Where the beacon of love is burning

The light in the window-pane.

Oh, sorrow, beyond all sorrows,

To which human life is prone;

Without thee, through all the to-morrows

To wander alone, alone!

Oh, dark deserted dwelling,

Where hope like a lamb was slain,

No voice from thy lone wails welling,

No light in thy window-pane!

Pathos is the very soul of poetry, and here we have it in abundance. Who that has watched, night after night, when home returning, for the “Light in the Window-pane?”, who will not feel its power when he realizes, without any strain of imagination that the hand that placed it there is cold and dead? All is dark in the window-pane, and the darkness of desolation reigns in the heart of him who returns nightly to that doubly-desolate home. We cannot realize this and not feel that Mr. Sangster’s verse is well worthy of the place in Canadian literature that it has already won.

de La Bruère, Hon. Pierre Boucher, St. Hyacinthe, Speaker of the Legislative Council of the Province of Quebec, was born in St. Hyacinthe, on the 5th of July, 1837. His father, Pierre Boucher de La Bruère, a physician, was a descendant of Pierre Boucher, at one time governor of Three Rivers under the French domination; and his mother was a descendant of an old French family of noble extraction, H. Boucher de La Broquerie. The ancestors of Hon. Mr. de La Bruère distinguished themselves during the war of 1812-13 between England and the United States, and the latter has still in his possession two flags presented to the battalion his grandfather, René B. de La Bruère, commanded, by Princess Charlotte of England, and the medal of Châteauguay, presented also to his grandfather by Queen Victoria. Mr. de La Bruère received his education at the College of St. Hyacinthe. In 1870 he was appointed prothonotary of the Superior Court for the district of St. Hyacinthe, and held the position until 1875, when he resigned to take the editorial chair of the Courier de St. Hyacinthe. He was one of the chief promoters of the Dairymen’s Association of the province of Quebec, and has been its president since its formation. The efforts he made to advance the interests of this industry in his province have been crowned with success, as it was amply proved when the association met in annual meeting at St. Hyacinthe, when the delegates received a right royal reception at the hands of their president. He was also one of the chief factors in the establishment of beet root sugar factories in Canada. In 1877 he was called to the Legislative Council of the province of Quebec; in March, 1882, Hon. Mr. Chapleau made him a member of his cabinet, and he was appointed Speaker, to which position he was re-appointed in January, 1887. Hon. Mr. de La Bruère is a lifelong Conservative, and has never flinched from his allegiance to the party. In his younger days he belonged to the active militia of Canada, and was lieutenant in the volunteer corps of St. Hyacinthe. He has written several historical and political pamphlets, among which may be mentioned “Le Canada sous le Domination Anglaise,” “Le Saguenay,” “De l’Education,” “L’Existence de l’homme,” “Le droit de tester,” and “L’Histoire de Saint Hyacinthe.” In January, 1861, he married Marie Victorine Leclère, daughter of the late Pierre Edouard Leclère, notary public.

Fulford, Francis, D.D., Lord Bishop of Montreal and Metropolitan of Canada, was born at Sidmouth on the 3rd of June, 1803. He was the second son of Baldwin Fulford, of Great Fulford, and came of an old English family who trace back their ancestry for more than six hundred years. He received the rudiments of his education at Tiverton, and entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1821, and in 1824 took his degree of B.A., and was elected a fellow of his college in the following year. In 1826, at Norwich cathedral, he was ordained deacon, and priest at Exeter cathedral on the 22nd of June, 1828. In 1830 he married Mary, daughter of Andrew Berkeley Drummond, of Cadland, Hants, and the lady Mary, daughter of John, second earl of Egmont, and sister of the Right Honorable Spencer Percival, first lord of the treasury, and prime minister of England, who was murdered by Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons. After filling successive curacies in two parishes, Francis Fulford became rector of Trowbridge, in Wiltshire, and there resided from 1832 to 1842, and at the request of the government acted, for several years, as a magistrate. In 1838 he received his degree of M.A., and was appointed chaplain to her Royal Highness the late Duchess of Gloucester. In 1842 he resigned the position of rector of Trowbridge, and accepted that of Croydon, in Cambridgeshire, where he remained until 1845, when he removed to Mayfair as minister of Curzon chapel. This appointment he held until selected by Her Majesty as the first bishop of the new diocese of Montreal. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred on him by the University of Oxford, and he was consecrated at Westminster Abbey on the 25th of July, 1850. On the 12th of September of the same year he, with his wife, and their son and daughter, arrived in Canada. At St. John’s he was met by the bishop of Quebec, and a number of the clergy and laity of Montreal. After divine service had been held in the parish church at St. Johns, an address of congratulation was presented by the clergy and churchwardens of the Richelieu district, and the whole party were hospitably entertained by a prominent layman of the place. On his arrival at Montreal he was warmly received by the clergy and laity, who presented several addresses of welcome expressive of an earnest desire to co-operate with him in his labors for the spread of the Gospel. On the following Sunday, the 15th September, 1850, the ceremony of the bishop’s enthronement took place at Christ church, which thenceforward became the Anglican cathedral of the diocese. On this occasion the bishop preached a sermon from the text: “Lord, I will follow Thee whithersoever Thou goest.” It was remarkable for felicity of language and reverence of style; but especially, says a writer, “for the preacher’s modest and clear appreciation of the difficult duties of his office.” On the 11th of October, 1850, the Church Society of the diocese of Montreal was organized, and on the 10th of October, 1851, an auxiliary branch of the “Colonial Church and School Society,” of London, was formed for the district of Montreal, with his lordship as president. In 1860 he was promoted to the office of Metropolitan of Canada, which office he filled, with honor to himself and the cause of Christ, until his death. Bishop Fulford was one of the most self-denying, large-hearted, broad-minded Christians the record of whose life it has been our privilege to read. True to the Church of England, he was, nevertheless, anxious to promote good feeling amongst all denominations. On his first landing in Montreal, in answer to an address, he made the following remarks:—“While we are bound to seek, to provide for the wants of our own people, and I must ever remember my duty to the church of which I have been appointed a chief pastor and overseer, yet still I hope to cultivate a spirit of charity to all around me.” With this end in view he accepted the suggestion that denominational distinctions should not be perpetuated in the grave, and consecrated the cemetery of Montreal that was free to all who wished for a resting-place therein. There came a time when Christ Church, the cathedral church of his diocese, was so completely demolished by fire that it became necessary to build a new one, and of this building Bishop Fulford laid the corner stone on the 21st of May, 1857, and on Advent Sunday, 1859, he preached the opening sermon. The new cathedral, which those engaged in its construction had wished “should be beautiful exceedingly,” was, through the death of the architect and other unforeseen circumstances, burthened with an oppressive debt, which weighed heavily on the mind of the bishop, who, in his straightforward old world style, knew of but one way of liquidating—a way which bishops, clergy and laymen, under similar circumstances, might adopt to their credit. He moved to a small dwelling, and laid aside, not only every indulgence, but almost every convenience. “His new mansion was modest enough, for it was built for the official residence of the parish school master, and the school rooms became his salons for the reception of guests,” the whitewashed walls being decorated with maps, instead of pictures and statuary. Here the heir presumptive of Great Fulford, and Metropolitan of Canada, with his delicate, high-bred wife, lived for years, and practised economy so patiently and self-sacrificingly in order to attain the darling wish of his heart, namely, to see the cathedral free from debt, that his heroic example stands forth as a shining light to “lighten the darkness,” not only of those who give grudgingly but of those who fancy that social status depends upon the size of the domicile, the costliness of its decorations, and the silks, satins, and velvets with which they adorn their bodies, regardless of the fact that nobility is to be found in the heart and soul of the individual, not in the outside covering. It is believed he lived to know the pleasure of having the debt liquidated, and it was from this humble home, prepared for the parish schoolmaster, that the great and good Bishop Fulford, Metropolitan of Canada, passed to his eternal rest on the 9th of September, 1868. His remains were interred in Mount Royal cemetery, Montreal. Near to him lies a member of the Church of Scotland, and one of the most eminent and highly esteemed citizens of Montreal, the Honorable Peter McGill, “who loved the English prelate as one friend loves another,” and was happy to know that in death he would rest beside him.

Sturdee, Henry Lawrance, M.A., Barrister-at-law, Solicitor, etc., Mayor of Portland, New Brunswick, was born in St. John, N.B., on the 11th April, 1842. His father, Henry Parker Sturdee, was born in Topsham, Devonshire, England, and his mother, Emily Lawrance, in London, England. Mr. Sturdee was educated at private schools in St. John, and at the Collegiate School, and at King’s College, Fredericton, N.B. He matriculated there in September, 1858, and in the following year was awarded the Douglas gold medal. He received the degree of B.A. in June, 1861, and M.A. in June, 1883, in course. He studied law in his native city with Messrs. Gray and Kaye, barristers; was admitted an attorney-at-law in June, 1864, and called to the bar in June, 1865. He has since practised law in St. John. He is one of the referees of the Supreme Court of New Brunswick, equity side. He takes an interest in military matters, and is major of the 3rd St. John reserve militia. Mr. Sturdee resided in St. John until November, 1877, when he removed to the adjoining city of Portland. In April, 1883, he was elected an alderman for ward four of Portland, and was re-elected alderman the two following years. On taking his seat at the council board in that year he was appointed by the Portland city council to represent ward four of that city in the municipal council of the city and county of St. John. In April, 1884, he was elected warden of the municipality of the city and county of St. John; and in April, 1885, was re-elected warden without opposition. This office he held until April, 1886, when, having been elected mayor of Portland, he declined re-nomination as warden. On the 11th April, 1887, he was again chosen mayor of Portland, without opposition, and this responsible position he still holds. He has been vestry clerk and treasurer of Trinity Church, St. John (Church of England), since May, 1871; and secretary-treasurer of the Madras School Board since September, 1877. He is a vice-president of the St. George’s Society; and a member of Portland Union Lodge A. F. and A. M., and of New Brunswick Royal Arch Chapter, St. John. He was married at Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton, on the 26th September, 1866, to Jane Agnes, daughter of the late William R. Fraser, Esq., M.D. (Edinburgh), of Fredericton, and has a family of three sons and two daughters.

Hensley, Hon. Joseph, Charlottetown, Assistant Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature, and Vice-Chancellor in the Court of Chancery, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 12th June, 1824, at Tottenham, Middlesex, England. He is the second son of the late Hon. Charles Hensley, who at the time of his death, in 1875, was a commander in the Royal navy, which service he entered in 1805, and was actively engaged in it for ten years—1805 to 1815—during the last war with France. Subsequently he lived in Prince Edward Island, and was a member of the Legislative and Executive Council there, and treasurer of the province. The Hon. Joseph Hensley was educated in England by private tuition, and afterwards at the Hackney Grammar School, Middlesex. In the year 1841 he came out with his father and family from England to Prince Edward Island, where he has since resided, and has now been a resident for upwards of forty-six years. In 1842, he commenced his studies for the bar in the office of the Hon. Robert Hodgson, then attorney-general of the island. He was called to the bar in January, 1847, and practised in Charlottetown from that time until his elevation to the bench, on the 18th June, 1869. Has since sat uninterruptedly as judge of the Supreme Court and vice-chancellor in Chancery. Judge Hensley has filled the following public offices under the government of Prince Edward Island:—In 1851 he was law-clerk to the House of Assembly, and also solicitor-general; in 1853 and 1854, attorney-general; from July, 1854, to July, 1858, attorney-general; from March, 1867, to June, 1869, attorney-general; in 1857, Queen’s counsel by her Majesty’s warrant; during the years 1853-8 inclusive, member of the Legislative Council; from 1861 to June, 1869, member of the House of Assembly; in 1868-9, president of the Executive Council, and leader of the government; from 1853 to 1876, member of the Board of Education; and from 1869 to 1876, chairman of the Board of Education. He was married on the 8th September, 1853, to Frances Ann Dover Hodgson, only daughter of the late Hon. Sir Robert Hodgson, knight, formerly attorney-general, afterwards chief-justice, and, lastly, lieutenant-governor of Prince Edward Island, who died in 1880. He has had four children, three of whom still survive, namely: Fanny Louisa Catherine, married to George Macleod, manager, in Charlottetown, of the Bank of Nova Scotia; Mary Eva; and Katherine Emily, married to Lieutenant Waldemar D’Arcy Rose, United States navy. Hon. Joseph Hensley’s residence is in Charlottetown. He is a member of the Church of England, and has always taken an active part in connection with the work of various religious societies and associations, particularly that of the Charlottetown Young Men’s Christian Association, since its formation, in 1856, filling at various times the position of its president, etc.

Barbeau, Henri Jacques, Montreal, is descended from an old and distinguished French-Canadian family, allied to the de Noyons and the de Rainvilles. The first of M. Barbeau’s ancestors to come to Canada was the Sieur Jean Barbeau-Boisdoré, who was born at St. Vivien-du-Pont, parish of Xaintes, France, in 1666. Having taken to a military career, the Sieur Jean joined the troops of the marine, and at the age of twenty his name appears on the roll of the Sieur de St. Cirque’s company, then stationed in Canada. This progenitor of the Canadian branch of the Barbeau family married, at Boucherville, Mdlle. Marie de Noyon, and left many descendants, who to-day occupy prominent and influential positions in the Quebec province. Mr. H. J. Barbeau was born at Laprairie in 1832, of the marriage of Edmund Henry Barbeau, merchant, and Sophie Bourassa, a daughter of captain Bourassa. His father having died at an early age, young Barbeau’s education was undertaken by his grandfather, the late Lieutenant-Colonel Louis Barbeau-Boisdoré, notary, of Laprairie, who died in 1864, at the ripe age of eighty. Colonel Barbeau-Boisdoré married Mary Powell, niece of Edmund Henry, who for many years had control of Colonel Christie’s vast seigneuries in the neighborhood of Lake Champlain, and afterwards became government agent for the seigneurie of Laprairie, and notary for the district. This gentleman inherited the military instincts of his ancestors, and when the war of 1812 broke out, he was among the first to offer his services to the Canadian government in resisting the invasion of the country. He served as a lieutenant in the campaigns of 1812-13, and from 1830 to 1840 held higher commands, dying in 1864 with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Mr. H. J. Barbeau, the subject of the present sketch, has almost exclusively devoted himself to commercial pursuits. He received a good commercial education, under Mr. H. O’Regan, whom the Jesuit Fathers had made parish teacher at Laprairie, then under their ecclesiastical supervision. Young Barbeau commenced his commercial life at Laprairie, where he held a clerkship, and gave promise of attaining success in business. In 1852 he came to Montreal, and held responsible positions in several of the wholesale houses of the city until 1858, when, having acquired the necessary experience, he went into business for a while on his own account at St. Hyacinthe. Later on he held positions as insurance agent, appraiser for the Trust and Loan Company, and official assignee. In 1870 he was appointed to the management of a branch of the Merchant’s Bank, which was then opened for the first time at St. Hyacinthe. Five years later, the Savings Bank having established a series of branch offices in Montreal, Mr. Barbeau was offered the management of one of them, a position which he accepted and held till 1879, when he was called to succeed his brother, Mr. E. J. Barbeau, as general manager of the Montreal City and District Savings Bank. Mr. E. J. Barbeau, it may be said, was for thirty years the able manager of the Savings Bank, and now retired, to be succeeded by the subject of this sketch. In this new position of responsibility as a banker, Mr. Barbeau has evinced the same judgment, prudence and foresight which has always characterised his own business transactions, marked the character of his earlier career, and won for him success in all his enterprises, with the good opinion of those with whom he came in contact. In 1859 Mr. Barbeau married Josephine Varin, daughter of J. B. Varin, notary, and late member for Laprairie. Eleven children were born of this union, of whom seven survive. It may here be added, that Mr. Varin, whose high character and profound legal attainments are well known, married Hermine, daughter of the late Jean Moïse Raymond, who in his day was a prominent merchant, and member for l’Assomption, and a grand-daughter of M. Jean Raymond, for many years member for Laprairie.

Pope, Percy William Thomas, Assistant Receiver-General, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, eldest son of the Hon. James Colledge Pope and Eliza Dalrymple, his wife, was born at Summerside, Prince Edward Island, on the 8th May, 1856. He was educated at the Prince of Wales College, in Charlottetown. During his early life he was employed in the management of large ship-building and fishing industries in the western portion of the island. In 1882 he emigrated to the North-West Territories, and was one of the earliest settlers who located upon the site of the present town of Regina, the capital of Assiniboia. After the advent of the Canada Pacific Railroad, he engaged in the lumber business, importing the first manufactured lumber ever brought into that district. When, in the fall of 1882, the growth of the town rendered some form of civic organization desirable, he was elected one of three commissioners to represent the settlers’ interests. Mr. Pope remained there until the summer of 1883, when the position of assistant receiver-general, Charlottetown, rendered vacant by the retirement of the Hon. Joseph Pope, was offered to him by the government. This office he accepted, returned to his native island, and has since resided in Charlottetown. In religion, he is a member of the Church of England. In politics, a Conservative. He was married on the 15th day of April, 1882, to Mary Louise, second daughter of John Macgowan, by whom he has issue a son and two daughters.

Sullivan, Hon. William Wilfrid, Charlottetown, Premier and Attorney-General of Prince Edward Island, and a member of the Provincial Parliament for the second district of Kings county, was born at New London, Prince Edward Island, on the 6th of December, 1843. His parents, William Sullivan and Mary McCarthy, both now deceased, were natives of the county Kerry, Ireland. Hon. Mr. Sullivan was educated at the Central Academy and St. Dunstan’s College, Charlottetown. He studied law with the Hon. Joseph Hensley, then attorney-general, and now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island. He was called to the bar of Prince Edward Island in Trinity Term, 1867, and became a partner of his preceptor, holding that connection until Mr. Hensley was appointed to the Supreme Court bench two years later. No client ever suffers at the hands of Mr. Sullivan for the want of close application to his cause. Possessed of much coolness, clear judgment and sterling good sense, and being candid and logical in his arguments, Mr. Sullivan never fails to make admirable points, or to favorably impress bench and jury. We learn from the “Historical Illustrated Atlas of Prince Edward Island” that Mr. Sullivan was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the government of Prince Edward Island in June, 1876, and by his excellency the governor-general of Canada, under letters-patent, on the 19th May, 1879; that he was one of the counsel for the government in the interests of the tenants before the Land Commissioners’ Court under “The Land Purchase Act, 1875.” Hon. Mr. Sullivan is head of the extensive law firm of Sullivan & Macneill, who do business in all the courts of the province and the Supreme Court of the Dominion; is a deputy judge of the Admiralty Court, and a notary public, and is president of the Board of Education; president of the Board of Trustees of the Prince Edward Island Hospital for the Insane, and a director of the Merchants’ Bank of Prince Edward Island, and a local director of the Canada Life Assurance Company. He first entered public life in 1872, when he was elected to represent the first district of Kings county. He was returned for his present seat at the general election in April, 1873, and again, by acclamation, the following month on being appointed to office. He was re-elected at the general elections of 1876, 1879, 1882, and again at the last general election, 1886. He was a member of the Executive Council from 22nd of April to June, 1872, when he resigned; was appointed to the Executive Council, with the office of solicitor-general, on the formation of the Pope administration, 18th April, 1873; resigned his seat in the Executive Council upon the resignation of the Conservative government, on the 4th of September, 1876; and was unanimously elected leader of the opposition at the meeting of the legislature on the 14th of March, 1877. On the 1st of March, 1879, Mr. Sullivan moved, in the House of Assembly, a resolution of non-confidence in the government, which, after a long and animated debate, was carried by a vote of nineteen to ten on the 6th of March, and the administration resigned the following day. Our subject was then invited by the lieutenant-governor, Sir Robert Hodgson, to form a government, and take the position of premier. He succeeded in forming an administration, and the government were sworn in on the 11th of March, 1879. He was elected leader of the government by the unanimous vote of his party in both branches of the legislature, and was appointed attorney and advocate general, and president of the Executive Council on the formation of the administration, which positions he has held continuously ever since. The House of Assembly was dissolved and a general election held on the 9th of April, 1879, when the government were sustained by a majority of twenty-six to four, being the largest support ever accorded to any administration in the island. Among other acts, Hon. Mr. Sullivan was chiefly instrumental in securing branch lines of railway to Souris and Tignish in 1872; assisted in carrying through the Island legislature terms of confederation in 1873; assisted in passing The Land Purchase Act, 1875, and other acts on the same subject in 1876; introduced and carried through the legislature An Act for Abolishing Imprisonment for Debt, in 1879, and The Jury Act, 1880, which provides for the trial of all civil cases by seven instead of twelve jurors, as well as many other measures of law reform, and acts for the general benefit of the province. The Hon. Mr. Sullivan has been, on several occasions, a delegate to Ottawa, on public business; and, in 1886, was a delegate to London, to lay before the Imperial government the case of Prince Edward Island, concerning the non-fulfilment of the terms of confederation, with regard to continuous steam communication between that province and the mainland of Canada. He declined a nomination for the House of Commons at the general elections in February, 1887. Hon. Mr. Sullivan has been premier for a longer period than any of his predecessors. As a leader he matures his measures thoroughly before submitting them to the house, hence his success in that position; his industry is unwearied; he clings with the utmost tenacity to the cause which he advocates, and never trusts the discharge of any parliamentary duty devolving upon himself to another. He is a thorough master of the English language, and speaks with exactness and precision. He is also extremely cautious, and takes good care not to get his party (the Conservatives) into deep water. Having a strong and determined will, once convinced that he is right, he pushes forward, with unflinching perseverance, and success almost invariably crowns his efforts. He was married at Charlottetown, on the 13th of August, 1872, to Alice Maude Mary, third daughter of John Fenton Newbery, B.A., of Oxford, and formerly of London, England, and Siena, Italy, and they have six children. The family are members of the Roman Catholic church. Their residence, “Brighton Villa,” adjoining Charlottetown, is a beautiful place.

Boire, Louis Henri Napoleon, Manager of the Three Rivers Branch of the Banque d’Hochelaga, was born on the 17th of February, 1850, in the parish of St. Philippe, county of Laprairie, province of Quebec, of well-to-do parents. After attending for five or six years the country school of the place of his birth, he entered, at the age of twelve, the Montreal College, where he remained three years, after which he became a scholar in the Jacques Cartier Normal School in Montreal, where he followed the whole course of studies with a decided and marked success. Later on, in May, 1869, he was admitted to the study of medicine, but gave it up to enter on a business career; and for this purpose he became a student in the Montreal Business College, and after a few months he graduated from this institution. The following years, of which a few months were passed in Manitoba, he was employed as accountant or bookkeeper in Montreal mercantile houses, when, in September, 1874, he was appointed accountant in the Joliette branch of the Banque d’Hochelaga, and six months later, in March, 1875, he was made manager of the same branch. Here he remained until February, 1885, and was then appointed manager of the Three Rivers branch of the same bank, and in that town he has resided since. He was married in January, 1876, to M. Lea Cornellier, of Joliette, P.Q., daughter of the late E. Cornellier, a retired merchant.

Wade, Edward Harper, Quebec, was born in 1846, in what was formerly known as “the good old town of Liverpool.” His father, Samuel Mosley Wade, and his grandfather, Samuel Wade, were long engaged as brokers in the cotton trade of that port, and his mother was a daughter of the late Richard Harper, of Low Hill, Liverpool. He received his commercial training in the office of Sharples, Jones & Co., who then carried on a large wholesale importing business in Quebec timber in connection with their Canadian house. His father having been lost at sea in the Royal Charter, when returning from a visit to Australia, he was apprenticed to the firm named, by his uncle and guardian, the late Thomas Wilson, a well-known Liverpool shipbuilder. Indentures were drawn up in the good old-fashioned style, binding the apprentice to five years’ service in consideration of being taught the trade and business of a timber merchant. This engagement was faithfully carried out on both sides, and every opportunity given for the acquisition of such knowledge of all timber mysteries as the Canada Dock Quay, or the town office of the firm, afforded; and the lesson of straightforward and truthful dealing and liberal fulfilment of all business obligations and promises was duly inculcated. After the expiration of the term named he remained three years with the firm, and was then transferred to the Quebec office of C. & J. Sharples & Co. The Quebec firm became John Sharples, Sons & Co., and the Liverpool house Henry Sharples, Son & Co., and all the senior partners had passed away before he left the employ at the end of 1877, having for several previous years travelled on contracting business in all parts of the United Kingdom, but especially in Ireland and North Wales, districts then largely importing Quebec goods. At that time this portion of the business seldom fell into such young hands, but the high standing and careful shipments of the firm served the young salesman well, and enabled him to continue and extend the connection of the house in the districts specially left to his care. Many little ports that are now entirely or almost altogether supplied from larger centres at that time imported several Quebec timber cargoes each year, and districts which now consume little besides pitch pine, spruce deals and Baltic goods were good customers for Canadian white pine, then commonly called yellow pine. At the end of 1877 he entered into business arrangements with the old and well-known Quebec firm of Roberts, Smith & Co. The parting between Messrs. Sharples and himself was characterized by the greatest good feeling on both sides, and the long connection left behind it a warm friendship that has never been disturbed in the slightest degree, even during the keen competition of the most trying selling seasons. His respect and esteem for all members of the family have always been strongly expressed, and their kindly feeling towards him has remained unchanged. For three years he continued as salesman with Roberts, Smith & Co., with a percentage on the profits of the business; and on Mr. Joseph Roberts retiring in 1880, he was taken into partnership by Mr. R. H. Smith, and the firm was continued under the style of Smith, Wade & Co. Taught by the sound judgment and thorough practical knowledge of timber and its classification and by the long experience of all points connected with Quebec contracting possessed by Mr. Roberts, and instructed in sound principles of finance, banking, and details of management by Mr. Smith, whose qualifications in this respect are so well known, the subject of our sketch obtained a thorough insight into the working of a Quebec shipping business as it should be carried on. Under such training it is not strange that he has established a character for reliability, that with him a promise is as faithfully carried out as a contract, and the spirit as well as the letter of the agreement always kept. For many years Mr. Roberts and Mr. Smith had entire charge of the Canadian supply to the English dockyards under admiralty contracts through Messrs. Chapman, of London. This was a most important business, including the annual supply of many large masts and spars of considerable value, such as are now only obtained from the Pacific coast. Mr. R. H. Smith retired at the end of last year, and Mr. H. T. Walcot, for nine years past a member of the firm of John Burstall & Co., has joined Mr. Wade in carrying on the business, under the same style, with the same staff, and upon the same lines. Shortly after his arrival in Canada, and during a political riot, Mr. Wade had a narrow escape with his life in rescuing from an infuriated mob an unfortunate man who, but for his interference, would probably have been killed. Except in such extreme cases he is an advocate of non-intervention, and of letting people manage their own affairs in their own way. The Canadian system of home rule is, in his opinion, the perfection of government. Although a firm believer in free trade, he readily admits that sometimes there are more important questions than any connected with the tariff, and believes it is essential to keep in power the best men in the country. Apart from his energy, enterprise, and thorough knowledge of that portion of the trade of which he is a worthy representative, much of Mr. Wade’s success is doubtless due to the genial and courteous manner which characterizes his intercourse with all sorts and conditions of men, and which has been the means of securing him hosts of friends and well-wishers. Mr. Wade was married in 1874 to Margaret, eldest daughter of John Simons, of Quebec, by whom he has five children.

Blanchet, Hon. Jean, Q.C., Quebec, M.P.P. for the County of Beauce, was born in February, 1843, in St. François, county of Beauce, and is a descendant of one of the oldest settlers in La Nouvelle France. He is the son of C. Blanchet, N.P., of St. François de la Beauce, and a nephew of the Right Rev. Mgrs. Blanchet, bishops of Oregon and Vancouver respectively, whom we may truly call the pioneer apostles of evangelisation in British Columbia. This country is under a heavy debt of gratitude to the reverend prelates for the detailed descriptions and quaint narratives of their early travels in that far-off part of the Dominion, and the historian of the future will find an inexhaustible supply of materials in their memoirs. The subject of our sketch was educated at the College of Nicolet, and at the termination of his classical course of studies entered Laval University to follow the law course of that institution, attending the office of Bossé and Bossé at the same time. On the 3rd of October, 1863, he was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada, and in 1876 was appointed a Queen’s counsel by the government of the province of Quebec, and re-appointed as such by the Dominion Government, on the 11th October, 1880, it having been decided by the courts of law that the appointment of Queen’s counsels was ultra vires of the provincial legislatures, and rested solely with the federal authorities. He is a member of the council of the bar, Quebec section. On his first presenting himself for parliamentary honours in his native county, at the general election of 1872, he was unsuccessful. In November, 1881, he, however, was elected by acclamation, and was sworn in as a member of the executive council on the 31st July, 1882, taking the portfolio of provincial secretary in the Mousseau administration. In 1884, he was again appointed to the same office, under the Ross administration, and accepted the same portfolio in January, 1887, under the Hon. L. O. Taillon, who resigned in the same month. He has been elected at the general election of 1886 by 187 majority. Hon. Mr. Blanchet is an honorary member of several societies. Among others, may be mentioned L’Athénée Louisianais, the Historical Society of Montreal, and the Geographical Society of Bordeaux, France; he is also president of the Asbestos Mining and Manufacturing Company of Canada, and the Artisans’ Permanent Building Society. In politics Hon. Mr. Blanchet is a Liberal-Conservative, and resides in Quebec, enjoying an extensive clientèle in Quebec, Beauce, and Montmagny. He is a member of the law firm of Blanchet, Drouin and Dionne. He married on the 5th of August, 1878, Jeanie, daughter of General S. Seymour, of Albany, late state engineer of the state of New York, by whom he has issue two children, one son and one daughter.

Phillips, Rev. Caleb Thaddeus, Minister of the Free Baptist Church, Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born at Wakefield, county of Carleton, N.B., on the 7th June, 1841. His father was Cornelius Ackerman Phillips, whose grandfather was one of the U. E. Loyalists; and his mother Frances Stevens, daughter of John Stevens and Mary Ackermann, and grand-daughter of Colonel Lawrence, a noted officer in the British army during the revolutionary war. Rev. Mr. Phillips received his education in his native parish and at Acadia College, Wolfville. He afterwards entered the ministry, and was for fourteen years in charge of the Sussex pastorate, in Kings county. Upon his resignation he was presented with a gold watch and an address from the citizens, and in 1884 took charge of the Free Baptist Church in Woodstock, N.B., of which he is the present pastor. He takes a deep interest in the temperance reform, and is a hard worker for the advancement of the Master’s kingdom on earth. He belongs to the fraternity of Freemasons, and is a member of Woodstock lodge. On the 8th October, 1870, he was married to Georgia, daughter of the Rev. Cyriac Cyrell Doucette, and has a family of four children.

Jetté, Hon. Louis A., LL.D., Montreal, Judge of the Superior Court, was born at L’Assomption, province of Quebec, on the 15th January, 1836. His father was Amable Jetté, merchant, whose ancestors came to Canada from near Tours, in France, in the sixteenth or seventeenth century. His mother, Caroline Gauffreau, was also of French descent. Her grandfather was a planter in St. Domingo when that island was under French rule, but left during some political troubles, and came to Canada. Judge Jetté, the subject of our sketch, received his literary education at L’Assomption College, and afterwards studied law (first) with Pelletier & Belanger, barristers, and afterwards with David & Ramsay, barristers. He was called to the bar in February, 1857. He practised his profession in Montreal from that date until he was appointed to the bench, on 2nd September, 1878. While at the bar Hon. Mr. Jetté greatly distinguished himself; and in the celebrated Guibord case he won an almost world-wide reputation for legal ability. In an extended review of the case, the Belgique Judiciaire, of Belgium, Europe, thus spoke of him, quoting largely from his pleading: “This speech, like all the pleadings of Mr. Jetté, has a tone remarkable for sincerity and loyalty. Mr. Jetté appears to us, moreover, to be an advocate of great merit, who must hold the front rank at every bar where he has a great cause to plead. * * * Voltaire, hearing the speech of Mr. Jetté, at Montreal, would find himself more comfortable than at the Court of Appeals at Paris, or in the Legislative Assembly at Versailles.” At one period of his life Judge Jetté was greatly interested in politics, and was a pronounced Liberal. At the general election in 1872 he contested Montreal East, and succeeded in beating the late Sir George E. Cartier, baronet, the then great statesman and leading Conservative in the province of Quebec, having polled the unprecedented majority of twelve hundred votes. This great triumph produced at the time great enthusiasm among the judge’s confrères. At the general election held in 1874, he was re-elected by acclamation; served through the session of the House of Commons at Ottawa in 1878, and in the spring of that year was offered a seat in the cabinet of the Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, who then held the reins of government. But he declined the proffered honor, having decided to retire from political life. In the summer of 1878 he visited Europe, and while in Paris he received, by telegram, the information that he had been appointed to a seat on the bench of the Superior Court of his native province, and requesting his immediate return. Since his elevation to the bench he has fully realized the most sanguine expectations of his friends, and no judge in the province is more respected than he. Amongst the important cases he has been called to decide, since his appointment to the bench, we may mention: 1st. the liberation from the lunatic asylum of Mrs. Lynam, a poor unfortunate woman who had been kept there for nearly two years, a case which, three or four years ago, attracted the attention of everyone in the Dominion, and led to an investigation by the provincial government in the management of those institutions; 2nd. the Laramée and Evans case, where he stated, in a most exhaustive judgment, the law of the province on the subject of marriage, a judgment which was deemed so important that, on motion of Hon. E. Blake, a copy of it was laid on the table of the House of Commons; 3rd. the case of Dobie and the Board of Temporalities of the Presbyterian church; 4th. the case of Lambe vs. the Insurance Companies, for the recovery of the tax imposed on those companies by the provincial government of Quebec, where he maintained the constitutionality of the provincial law, being confirmed in that view by her Majesty’s Privy Council. Judge Jetté is a corresponding member of La Société de Legislation Comparée de Paris; and is also a corresponding editor of the Revue de Droit International of Ghent, Belgium. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Laval University, Quebec, in 1878, and is professor of law in the Montreal branch of the same celebrated institution of learning. In 1862 he married Berthe Laflamme, daughter of the late Toussaint Laflamme, merchant, Montreal, and sister of Hon. R. Laflamme, minister of justice in the Mackenzie government.

McLellan, Hon. David, Lumber Merchant, Indiantown, M.P.P. for St. John city and county, New Brunswick, was born in Portland, N.B., on the 20th of January, 1839. His father, David McLellan, was by trade a shipbuilder, emigrated from Kelton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and settled in the Maritime provinces many years ago. His mother, Mary Knight, was a descendant of a Quaker family in Pennsylvania, United States. Mr. McLellan received his education chiefly in a commercial and mathematical school in St. John, taught by William Mills, and acquired a good mental outfit with which to begin life. After leaving school he commenced business as a surveyor and dealer in lumber, and is now the senior member of the firm of McLellan & Holly, doing a large trade in lumber in the rough, handling over 60,000,000 superficial feet of logs annually. He entered political life in 1878, and at the general election of that year was elected to represent the city and county of St. John, in the New Brunswick legislature. He again, at the general election held in 1882, presented himself for re-election, and was returned by his old constituency. On the 28th July, 1883, he was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and was appointed provincial secretary in the Blair administration, in place of the late Hon. Wm. Elder. His acceptance of office necessitated another appeal to the electors, and he was again elected. At the general election held in 1886 he was once more chosen by a large majority. Hon. Mr. McLellan is president of the Board of Agriculture for the province of New Brunswick. He is a Freemason, and also belongs to the fraternity of Oddfellows. In politics he is a pronounced Reformer; and in religion, an adherent of the Baptist church. In December, 1864, he was married to Fanny B. Richards, daughter of Henry Richards, of St. John, N.B., and has had a family of four children—two sons and two daughters, one of the boys died in infancy.

Taschereau, Hon. Henri Elzéar, Judge of the Supreme Court, Ottawa, was born at the Seignorial Manor house, Ste. Marie de la Beauce, county of Beauce, province of Quebec, on the 7th of October, 1836. He is the eldest son of the late Pierre Elzéar Taschereau, and a near relative to Cardinal Taschereau. His father was, prior to the union of the provinces, for many years a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and after the union he was also a representative in the parliament of the united provinces. He had married Catherine Hénédine, a daughter of the late Hon. Amable Dionne, who was also at one time a member of the Legislative Council. The founder of the family, Thomas Jacques Taschereau, settled in the province of Quebec several years before the conquest. Many members of the Taschereau family have achieved high distinction in Canada, no less than seven of its members having occupied seats on the judicial bench. The subject of our sketch was sent to the Quebec Seminary, and after completing his classical studies, studied law in the office of his cousin, the Hon. Jean Thomas Taschereau, one of the most eminent lawyers of the province of Quebec, who was appointed a puisné judge of the Supreme Court of the Dominion on its formation in 1875, and was superannuated some years ago. In October, 1857, Mr. Taschereau was called to the bar of Lower Canada, and formed a partnership with his cousin, the eminent jurist above mentioned, and they practised their profession at Quebec. He soon gained a high reputation as a lawyer, and subsequently entered into partnership with William Duval and Jean Blanchet, who afterwards became speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, and of the House of Commons at Ottawa. In 1861, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the county of Beauce, and continued to represent that constituency until confederation, when, at the general election of 1867, he was unsuccessful as a candidate for the House of Commons. During that year he was made a Queen’s counsel, and the following year he was appointed clerk of the peace for the district of Quebec, a position which he held only three days, resigning at the end of that time on account of a misunderstanding with the government. He then devoted himself to professional pursuits, and on the 12th of January, 1871, he was appointed a puisné judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, and held that position until the 7th of October, 1878, when he was elevated to his present position of a judge of the Supreme Court of the Dominion. As a law writer, Judge Taschereau is an authority, he having written several important works, among which we may mention “The Criminal Law Consolidation and Amendment Acts of 1869, 32-33 Vict., for the Dominion of Canada, as amended and in force on the 1st November, 1874, in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and on the 1st of June, 1875, in British Columbia, with Notes, Commentaries, Precedents of Indictments,” etc., etc., in two volumes, the first of which was published in Montreal in 1874, and contains 796 pages. The second volume, containing 556 pages, was published in Toronto in 1875. Both volumes display much erudition, and have been highly commended by competent legal authorities, among others by C. S. Greaves, an English Queen’s counsel, and one of the most eminent contemporary writers on English jurisprudence. “Le Code de Procédure Civile du Bas-Canada, avec annotations” was published in 1876, and also received high commendation from legal critics. The Hon. Judge Taschereau married, on the 27th of May, 1857, Marie Antoinette de Lotbinière Harwood, a daughter of the Hon. R. U. de Lotbinière Harwood, a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and seigneur of Vaudreuil, near Montreal. Mrs. Taschereau is a sister of Lieut.-Col. de Lotbinière Harwood. They have a family of five children, two sons and three daughters. Hon. Judge Taschereau has his residence in Ottawa, and is joint proprietor of the seigniory of Ste. Marie de la Beauce, conceded to his great-grandfather in the year 1726.

Williams, Right Rev. James W., D.D., Bishop of Quebec, was born in the town of Overton, Hampshire, England, on the 15th September, 1825, and was brought up in that neighbourhood. He is the son of the Rev. David Williams, for many years rector of Baughurst, Hampshire. He was educated by his father at home, at the Grammar School, Crewkerne, Somerset, and at Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1851 he graduated as B.A., taking honours in classics, and in due course obtained his degree of M.A. and D.D. The Lord Bishop of Oxford admitted him to deacon’s orders, and in 1856 he was ordained priest by the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. He held curacies for a short time in Buckinghamshire and Somersetshire. His classical attainments were of more than average excellence. For two years he was assistant master in Leamington College. In 1857, whilst curate of Huish-Champflower, he was chosen to organize a school in connection with Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, Quebec. He held the office of rector of the College Grammar School, together with that of professor of belles-lettres in the university, until his elevation to the episcopacy. Upon the death of the late Right Rev. George Jehosaphat Mountain, Bishop of Quebec, in 1863, Rev. Mr. Williams was chosen by the synod to succeed him, and on the 11th of June, of the same year, he was consecrated at Quebec by the Most Reverend the Metropolitan, assisted by the bishops of Toronto, Ontario, Huron and Vermont. His first episcopal act was to advance three deacons to the priesthood. The See of Quebec, over which the bishop’s jurisdiction extends, was constituted in 1863, and formerly comprised the whole of Upper and Lower Canada. Owing to various causes, and mainly to the increase in the population and growth of the Church of England its extent has been curtailed from time to time until it was confined to that part of the province of Quebec extending from Three Rivers to the Straits of Belle Isle and New Brunswick, on the shores of the St. Lawrence, and all east of a line drawn from Three Rivers to Lake Memphremagog. Bishop Williams is a plain preacher, and never exhibits any affectation; he is a man of scholarly tastes. He makes no pretence to showy or transcendent gifts of pulpit oratory, but is known as an energetic and industrious ecclesiastic, watching with zealous care over the spiritual welfare of his flock and clergy. Several of his lectures and sermons have been published and were highly commended by the Canadian and American religious newspapers. Among them may be more especially mentioned his charge delivered to the clergy of the diocese of Quebec at the visitation held in Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, in 1864; and a lecture on Self-Education, published at Quebec in 1865.

Moody, James Cochrane, M.D., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at Liverpool, N.S., on the 1st of September, 1844. His father, the Rev. John T. T. Moody, D.D., was born at Halifax, on the 25th of March, 1804, and at the date of his son’s birth was rector of Liverpool, but subsequently removed with his family to Yarmouth, N.S., to which parish he was appointed rector in 1846. His mother was Sarah Bond, eldest daughter of the late Henry Greggs Farish, M.D., of Yarmouth, N.S., and was born on the 9th of July, 1807. They were married in 1830, and both lived to the advanced age of 80 years. Dr. Moody commenced the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his great uncle, the late Joseph B. Bond, M.D., of Yarmouth, in 1862. He is a graduate of the University of New York, having taken his degree of M.D. at that institution in the spring of 1866. On his return home during the Fenian alarm of the same year, he was appointed an assistant surgeon to the Yarmouth militia. Commencing the practice of his profession at Richibucto, Kent county, New Brunswick, in the autumn of 1866, he soon succeeded in building up a good practice. Was appointed a coroner for Kent county, November 1st, 1870. He took an active part in agitating for the construction of the Kent Northern Railway; takes a deep interest in Masonry, is a past master of St. Andrew’s Lodge, A. F. and A. M., Richibucto, New Brunswick, he is also a Royal Arch mason, and has been for a considerable time connected with the order of Oddfellows. On account of the hardships and exposure attending the practice of his profession in northern New Brunswick, he decided to remove to Windsor, Nova Scotia, which he did with his family in the autumn of 1882, where he at present resides in active practice. On the eve of departure to his new field of labour, he was presented with a very complimentary address, signed by the leading inhabitants of Richibucto and vicinity. The following are brief extracts:—“Your departure from Richibucto is deeply regretted by all classes in this community. The sixteen years spent in active work in our midst have made you personally acquainted with us all, and while your professional skill won our trust, and commanded our admiration, your sterling qualities, as a man, gained our enduring friendship. A broader field of labour may await you in your new home, and a more ample recompense favour your work, but you will search in vain for hearts more fervent in wishes for your welfare than those you leave behind in Richibucto.” Dr. Moody is a member of the Church of England, and has always taken an active part in church work, having held while in Richibucto the offices of church warden and delegate to the diocesan synod. He is at present a warden of Christ Church, and also a governor of the University of Kings College, Windsor, N.S. On the 9th of September, 1880, he was married to Augusta Whipple, second daughter of the late James H. Jones, of Digby, N.S. Their family consists of three children, one son and two daughters.

Griffin, Martin J., Ottawa, Librarian of Parliament, was born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, August 7, 1847. He received his collegiate education in St. Mary’s College, Halifax, and studied for the Nova Scotia bar; first in the office of Hon. Wm. Miller, late speaker of the Senate; and later, in the office of Hon. James McDonald, now chief justice of Nova Scotia. He was most successful, being called, when only twenty-one, with a first-class certificate. From an early age he had shown decided talent for literature, and even before he became regularly connected with any public journal, he had contributed articles of various kinds to the press of Halifax, and had made some ambitious ventures in poetry and criticism for magazines in the United States. His ability secured for him a place on the staff of the Halifax Chronicle, for which he did good work while carrying on his studies. A year after his admission to the bar, that is to say in 1868, he became editor of the Halifax Express, which position he held until 1874. His writing during that period attracted wide attention, and marked him as the strongest journalistic champion of the Liberal-Conservative party in the province. His wide and accurate knowledge of public affairs caused him to be chosen as the assistant of the Hon. James McDonald, Q.C., the representative of Nova Scotia before the Fishery Commission, whose decision has since gone into history as the “Halifax Award.” His work in this direction was interrupted by an election contest, in 1874, in which he unsuccessfully sought election to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. When the Conservatives came into power in the Dominion, in 1878, and Hon. James McDonald was sworn in as minister of justice, Mr. Griffin was appointed the minister’s private secretary, but resigned in three months to accept the offer of a position on the editorial staff of the Toronto Mail. His letters and despatches to the Mail, as well as the editorial articles which he contributed, were marked by the same vigorous and scholarly style which had brought him to the front in the Maritime provinces. It was but natural, therefore, that when a vacancy occurred in the chief editorship of this paper, Mr. Griffin should be called to fill it. This was in 1881. He carried the Mail, editorially, through the great campaign attending the general election in 1882, and it is only just to say, that the brilliant victory achieved by the Conservative party then, was due, in considerable degree, to the vigor and skill with which the chief representative journal of the party was managed by Mr. Griffin. On the death of Mr. Todd, who had so long and so well managed the library of parliament, it was decided to have a dual headship of the library, in keeping with the system of having both English and French as authorized languages, and Mr. Griffin was chosen as the fittest man for the high and responsible position of joint librarian. He was appointed in August, 1885. No man could be more faithful to any trust than Mr. Griffin has been in the management of the library, and few in any country could have brought to the work an equally wide knowledge of books. Mr. Griffin is above all else a scholar; but his long editorial experience has given him also a quickness of comprehension, and a systematising ability which fit him to be the adviser of legislators and writers in mastering questions with which they have to deal. Mr. Griffin was married in 1872 to Harriet Starrat, daughter of the late William Starrat, of Liverpool, N.S.

Hingston, William Hales, M.D., L.R.C.S. (Edinburgh), D.C.L., Montreal, was born at Hinchinbrook, province of Quebec, on the 29th June, 1829. His father, Lieut.-Colonel S. J. Hingston, formerly of her Majesty’s 100th Regiment, which did good service during the war of 1812-14, came to Canada with his regiment, of which he was then adjutant. In 1819, when his regiment was disbanded, he received from Lord Dalhousie command of the militia force of the county of Huntingdon, which he organized, taking up his residence on the bank of the Chateauguay river. Subsequently Sir James Kemp gave Colonel Hingston command of the militia of the county of Beauharnois. He was wounded at the battle of Chippewa, and died in 1830, when his son, William Hales Hingston, the subject of our sketch, was eighteen months old. The Hingstons are an old Irish family, and are related to the Cotters, of Cork, the elder Latouches, of Dublin, and the Hales family. At the age of fifteen, having received his primary education at the school in his native place, W. H. Hingston entered the Montreal College, where, at the end of the first year, he carried off three first and two second prizes out of a possible five. Subsequently he spent a couple of years in the study of pharmacy, and then entered McGill College, where he graduated in medicine, in 1851. He went at once to Edinburgh, where he obtained the diploma of the Royal College of Surgeons. While in Europe he spent most of his time in hospitals, and brought back diplomas from France, Prussia, Austria, and Bavaria, in addition to that from Scotland. One, the membership of the Imperial Leopold Academy, was the first ever obtained by a Canadian, the late Sir William Logan being the next recipient. Dr. Hingston began practice in Montreal, where he soon succeeded in building up a clientèle, surgery being his leading and special branch. In 1867 he again visited Europe, and, when there, on the invitation of Sir James Simpson, successfully performed, in Edinburgh, a difficult surgical operation on one of Sir James’ patients, and was afterwards qualified by that far-famed physician as “that distinguished American surgeon lately among us.” Soon after beginning practice in Montreal, Dr. Hingston was appointed surgeon to the Hotel-Dieu Hospital, where he had a large field for the exercise of his art. There he has since given daily clinical instruction in surgery. A recent number of a Montreal medical journal mentions some of the operations he was the first to perform in Canada: excision of the knee; removal of the womb; removal of the kidney; excision of the tongue and lower jaw, etc. Dr. Hingston was one of the organizers of McGill University Society, which secured to the alumni the appointment of convocation fellows. When Bishop’s College Medical School was organized, he was named professor of surgery and clinical surgery, and afterwards dean of faculty; but soon resigned the professorships. He was one of the resuscitators of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and was its president many times. He was the first secretary of the Dominion Medical Association, and afterwards its president. He was chosen by the international council to represent Canada at the International Medical Congress, held in Philadelphia, in 1876, and was offered the same honor at Washington, in 1887, but preferred to remain representative in surgery. He has been, for many years, a governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, and is now its president. He is consulting physician to several dispensaries, and to the Hospital for Women, of which he was one of the founders. He organized the first board of health in the Dominion, and has long been a faithful worker in behalf of the sanitary interests of Montreal. On three different occasions he had been urged to permit his name to be submitted as a candidate for the mayoralty, but declined. However, in 1875, at the unanimous request of his professional brethren, he consented, and was chosen chief magistrate by a majority of nearly ten to one over his opponent, and, as he stated at the time, “without having spent one moment of time, or one shilling of money, to obtain a position which no one should seek, but which, coming, as it did, no one was at liberty to decline.” He was re-elected the following year by acclamation. A third term was offered him, but that he declined. The period of Dr. Hingston’s mayoralty was one of grave interest and anxiety to the order-loving citizens of Montreal, and it was well that the office of chief magistrate was, at the time of the Guibord affair especially, held by a gentleman of character, coolness, and judgment. He received the thanks of the Governor-General (Lord Dufferin) for his conduct on that occasion. When an epidemic of small pox reigned in Montreal, and the anti-vaccinators offered every opposition to vaccination, Dr. Hingston, as chairman of the board of health, under cover of “A few instructions to the vaccinators,” wrote a paper on the disputed points in controversy, which effectually silenced his opponents. This paper was distributed gratuitously by order of the city council of Montreal, and was freely quoted all over America, and attracted attention in Europe. Again, when in 1885, the province of Quebec was visited with an epidemic of small pox, the government called into existence a provincial board of health, with all necessary power. The subject of our notice was again named chairman, and so soon as efficient sanitary measures had been completed, Dr. Hingston visited Washington, and induced the authorities there to modify their quarantine regulations, which had interfered severely with commercial intercourse and freedom of travel. During his professional career he has contributed a number of articles to various medical periodicals, chiefly on surgery. A more considerable contribution to Canadian science was his work on the “Climate of Canada, and its relations to life and health.” which was published in 1885. No member of the medical profession in Canada has been more honored by scientific bodies. In addition to those already named, several of the state boards of medicine of the United States have elected him honorary member, and many American state medical societies have done so likewise; the British Association, for the Advancement of Science, chose him as vice-president; and within the past few months the British Medical Association elected him honorary member, and the president of council, Sir Walter Foster, thus announced his election: “Dr. Hingston is too well and too favourably known to the members of this Association to require the council to give reasons for selecting him for this honor. His reputation as a surgeon is not confined to Canada.” The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, in noticing the last honor, ordered the following resolution to be transmitted to England: “The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province of Quebec, has learned with pleasure of the honor conferred by the British Medical Association on their president, Dr. Hingston, whose reputation as a surgeon, whose labors in the cause of public health, and whose delicately honourable bearing towards his professional brethren, had already secured to him every honor the profession of this Dominion could confer.” In 1875, Dr. Hingston married Margaret Josephine, daughter of the Hon. D. A. Macdonald, formerly lieutenant-governor of the province of Ontario, and has three sons and one daughter.

Bergeron, Joseph Gédéon Horace, B.C.L., Advocate, Montreal, M.P. for Beauharnois, was born at Rigaud, province of Quebec, on the 13th October, 1854. He is a son of the late T. R. Bergeron, who was a notary at Rigaud. His mother was Léocadie Caroline Delphine, daughter of Gédéon Coursol, notary, of St. Andrew’s, uncle of C. J. Coursol, M.P. for Montreal East. Mr. Bergeron was educated at the Jesuits’ College in Montreal, where he took a partial classical course. He then entered the McGill University, where he graduated B.C.L. in March, 1877. He adopted law as a profession, and was called to the bar of the province of Quebec in July, 1877, and is now one of the law firm of Archambault, Lynch, Bergeron & Mignault, Montreal. In 1874 he entered the Military School at Montreal, where he took a second-class certificate and then joined the No. 1 cavalry troop. He is an active member of the St. Jean Baptiste Society in Montreal, having joined it in 1875; and in 1880 he became a member of the same society in Valleyfield. He entered political life in 1879, on the death of the then sitting member, Mr. Cayley, for Beauharnois, and was returned to the Dominion parliament. At the general election of 1882 he was re-elected by acclamation; and in 1887, at the general election of that year, he was once more sent to parliament to represent his old constituency in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is a Liberal-Conservative in politics; and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church.

Sicotte, Hon. Louis Victor, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, one of the judges of the Superior Court of Quebec, is a son of Touissant Sicotte, of the parish of Ste. Famille, Boucherville, and was born at Boucherville, on the 6th of November, 1812. He was educated at St. Hyacinthe College. Our subject entered public life in 1852, representing the county of St. Hyacinthe in the Canadian parliament, and continued to do so for eleven years. The opening part of his political career was an exciting period in the history of the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada—the questions of clergy reserves and the seignorial tenure being still unsettled; and in August, 1853, he was offered a seat in the Cabinet of the Hincks-Morin administration as commissioner of Crown lands, but he declined to accept it, because the government refused to proceed immediately to settle those two questions. Mr. Sicotte, by his writings on the question of the clergy reserves, extensively reproduced in the Upper Canada papers, was greatly instrumental in creating a powerful opinion to settle the question; the result was an overwhelming majority in parliament for the settlement of these two important matters. In 1854, Mr. Sicotte was chosen speaker, and held that honorable post till the dissolution in November, 1857. He was commissioner of Crown lands in the Taché-Macdonald government; and in 1858 became commissioner of public works in the Cartier-Macdonald administration, retiring from the government on the Ottawa question, in December of that year. In May, 1862, when the Sandfield Macdonald-Sicotte government was formed, our subject took the portfolio of attorney-general for Lower Canada, held that position until May, 1863; and was made judge of the Superior Court in the following September. In the year previous he was sent to England on public business, relating principally to the extension of communications with the North-West Territory, to realise what is now the Canadian Pacific Railway, and while there acted as commissioner on behalf of Canada at the international exhibition held in London. Before going on the bench, he held for a long time the presidency of the Board of Agriculture, and was also a member of the Council of Public Instruction, resigning the latter office when he accepted the judgeship. Judge Sicotte belongs to the Roman Catholic church, and people who have known him the longest and most intimately, credit him with having lived a blameless and eminently useful life. He was an intimate friend and coworker with Mr. Ludger D. Duvernay, and, with him, took the step towards the formation of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. He was married, in 1837, to Margaret Amelia Starnes, daughter of Benjamin Starnes, of Montreal, and sister of Hon. Henry Starnes. They have ten children living. Judge Sicotte, after serving twenty-four years’ of judicial life, resigned in November, 1887, at the advanced age of seventy-five years, still strong and healthy, free and anxious for the study of the law, but outside of all litigation.

Thornton, John, Coaticook, President of the Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, province of Quebec, was born on the 3rd April, 1823, at Derby, Vermont. His father was John Thornton, and mother, Sally Lunt. His great-grandfather, on the paternal side, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Mr. Thornton received his education in Derby, and came to Canada in 1840. He settled in Stanstead for about a year, when he removed to Barnston. Here he remained until 1855, when he moved to Coaticook, and there he has resided since, and done business as a general storekeeper. Being a public spirited gentleman, he was elected a councillor; then he held the office of mayor and warden of Stanstead county for two terms, and finally entered political life, and sat for eight years in the Quebec legislature, representing the county of Stanstead. He has been largely interested in the material prosperity of the district in which he resides. For a while he was one of the directors of the Magog Print Company, from which position he retired in 1885. He is now a director of the Coaticook Cotton Company; of the Coaticook Knitting Company; and is also president of the Cascade Narrow Fabric Company, the only concern in Canada where braids of all descriptions are manufactured. He is one of the directors of the Eastern Townships Bank, and president of the Coaticook Water Company. In politics Mr. Thornton is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Methodist church. He belongs to the order of Oddfellows. He has been twice married. In 1847 to Lucy Baldwin, of Barnston, province of Quebec, by whom he had two children, a son and daughter, who still survive; and again on the 17th of June, 1884. to A. H. Cleveland.

Mountain, George Jehoshaphat, second son of Dr. Jacob Mountain, first bishop of Quebec, and descendant of one of the Huguenots whom the persecutions of Louis the Fourteenth had driven out of France to take refuge in Norfolk, England, was born at Norwich, on the 27th of July, 1789. He was of Norman and Saxon descent, claiming kindred with Michael De Montaigne, the celebrated French essayist. At the age of seven years he commenced his Latin grammar, while residing with his father, at Woodfield, near Quebec. At sixteen he was sent to Little Easton, county of Essex, England, where he prepared to enter Trinity College, Cambridge. There he acquitted himself in such a manner as induced Dr. Monk, professor of Greek, one of his examiners, to recommend him as principal of a college in Nova Scotia, for which position he considered Mr. Mountain peculiarly fitted. On leaving Cambridge he returned to Quebec, and acted as secretary for his father while studying for the ministry. On the 2nd of August, 1812, he was ordained a deacon, and was appointed to assist the bishop’s chaplain, Rev. Salter Mountain. In 1814 he was admitted to the order of priest, and was appointed evening lecturer in the cathedral, and on the 2nd of August, in the same year, he was married to Mary Hume, third daughter of Deputy-General Commissary Thompson, and went to Nova Scotia, where he was appointed rector of Fredericton, and also chaplain of the troops and Legislative Council. After three years sojourn there he resigned, and returned to Quebec, and on his arrival was appointed bishop’s official and officiating clergyman of Quebec. He commenced life well; his earliest noticeable act was to establish intimate relations with the “Venerable Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and for Propagating the Gospel.” His second was to establish, at Quebec, national schools for boys and girls. Early in January, 1818, he commenced as a simple missionary, and afterward continued as archdeacon to visit the outlying portions of the diocese. Such work he found, to the end of his career, to be full of attraction and encouragement, for in heart and soul he was the beau ideal of a missionary. In 1819 he received the degree of D.D. from the Archbishop of Canterbury, and was appointed a member of the “Board for the Advancement of Learning in Canada.” In 1821 he became rector of Quebec and archdeacon of Lower Canada. In 1823 he was nominated honorary professor of divinity and principal of McGill College, Montreal. In 1825 he went to England, his chief object being to represent the claim of the Anglican church in the matter of the clergy reserves, and also to express his father’s wish to be relieved of a portion of the cares of his bishopric. The suggestion he made was that the diocese of Quebec, which covered nearly half a continent, should be divided into two parts, each to be a separate bishopric; or, if this proposition was not acceded to, he suggested that the Rev. Dr. Stewart be associated with his father in the administration of the See. These plans, however, were set at naught by the death of his father, which event occurred on the 18th of June, 1825, while he was yet absent in the motherland, and Rev. Dr. Stewart succeeded Rev. Jacob Mountain as Bishop of Quebec. Ten years passed slowly by, and in 1835 the archdeacon, the subject of our sketch, again went to England, his objects being the same as before—the settlement of the clergy reserve question, and the necessity of procuring further episcopal assistance in the diocese. Bishop Stewart had broken down, even as his predecessor had done before him, and was most anxious that the archdeacon, “whom he dearly loved and called his ‘right hand,’ should be appointed suffragan.” “This duty,” says his biographer, “the latter was more than disinclined to accept, for his desire from first to last was to serve, not to rule. He only yielded when Bishop Stewart emphatically declared he would have no one else.” He was consecrated coadjutor on the 14th of January, 1836, under the title of Bishop of Montreal. On the 22nd of September, Bishop Stewart went to England, and did not return, for, becoming weaker and weaker, he died in the following year. Thus, despite his wishes to the contrary, the subject of our sketch became the third bishop of the undivided diocese of Canada. Rev. George Jehoshaphat Mountain was a true and humble-minded Christian; all the events of his life go to prove this. While his devotion to the sick and suffering at Quebec, in 1832, when the cholera rushed like a cyclone from Grosse-Isle to the mainland, and hundreds of homes were made desolate, renders his name well worthy of record among the great and good of our land, and again his light shines before the world in 1847, when typhus fever, the result of the famine in Ireland, was imported into Canada. It is written: “The Anglican clergy, few in number, with devoted zeal, took their duty at Grosse-Isle week about, the bishop taking the first week. Most of the clergy sickened, and two of them died of the fever. The trial, we may imagine, was acute enough, for in the summer of 1847, upwards of five thousand interments took place at the immigrants’ station at Grosse-Isle. ‘No one liveth to himself or dieth to himself,’ wrote the heroic bishop. There was chivalry as well as gentleness in his nature which, like expressed virtue, communicated itself to all.” Bishop Mountain served his God as a minister of the gospel for fifty years, and died on the morning of the feast of the Epiphany, 1863, deeply respected and beloved.

Blair, Hon. Andrew George, Attorney-General and Premier of New Brunswick, was born in Fredericton, N.B., on the 7th March, 1844. He is of Scotch descent. He was educated at the Collegiate School, in Fredericton. He chose law as a profession, and after spending the usual time in study, was called to the bar in April, 1866, and successfully practised for some years. In 1878 he entered the political arena, and was returned to represent York county in the House of Assembly of New Brunswick, at the general election of that year. A petition, however, having been filed against his return, he resigned the seat, and on the issue of a new writ, was re-elected on the 14th November of the same year. At the first session of the new house, in February, 1879, he was chosen leader of the opposition, then consisting of only six members beside himself, in a house of forty-one. In the last session of that house, held in 1882, the opposition, under his leadership, had increased to seventeen. At the general election of that year, 1882, he was re-elected for his old constituency, and in March, 1883, defeated the Hanington government, and was called upon to form a new ministry, which he succeeded in accomplishing in one day. On accepting the office of attorney-general he again appealed to his constituents on the 24th of March, and was elected. At the general elections held in 1887 he was once more elected, at the head of the New Brunswick Legislature as premier and attorney-general. Hon. Mr. Blair is an independent Liberal in politics; and in religion is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married on 31st October, 1866, to Annie E., eldest daughter of George Thompson, late of the educational department, at Fredericton. The issue of this union has been ten children.

Burland, George B., President and General Manager of the British American Bank Note Company, Montreal.—Mr. Burland, the subject of our sketch, is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestry. There is an old estate in Cheshire, called “Burland,” after the family, and at the time of the accession of Edward III. to the throne in 1327, Robert de Burland held possession in the county of Somerset. John Burland, born in 1696, married, in 1718, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Claver Morris, M.D., of the city of Wells. He died November 6, 1746, and left four sons and two daughters: John Burland, son and heir; Claver Morris Burland, M.D.; William Burland, fellow New College, Oxford; Robert Burland; Mary, wife of Rev. William Hudlestone, and Anne, wife of Rev. William Eater. John, the eldest son, was of Baliol College, Oxford, where he entered in 1740. In 1743 he went to the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar in 1746. In 1762 he was made sergeant-at-law; in 1773 he was given the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws; in 1774 he was knighted and sworn one of the Barons of the Exchequer in room of Baron Adams. This he enjoyed but one year and eleven months, and died February 29, 1776, by the rupture of a blood vessel in his brain, as he was sitting in company with his brother, Robert Burland, and his intimate friend, Colonel Charles Webb. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, where a handsome monument, with the following inscription, is erected to his memory: “Near this place are deposited the remains of the Hon. Sir John Burland, Knt., LL.D., one of the Barons of his Majesty’s Court of Exchequer; as a man, valued and beloved, as a judge, honoured and revered. He died suddenly on the 29th February, 1776, aged 51 years.” This gentleman married, in 1747, Lætitia, the daughter of Wm. Berkeley Portman, of Orchard Portman, and Anne, his wife, only daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, of Maiden Bradley, baronet, speaker of the House of Commons, and comptroller of the household of Queen Anne. George B. Burland, of Montreal, is descended from this family, and was born at Loggan Hall, in the county of Wexford, in the year 1829. His father, Benjamin Burland, was born in 1779, and educated for the medical profession. He married, in 1806, Belinda Roe, daughter of Robert Roe, a gentleman of ample wealth, and owner of large estates in Queen’s county. He sailed for Canada in July, 1840, and died in 1842. His uncle was one of the first to afford relief to the sufferers in the great famine of 1739. His father and his father’s brothers were gentlemen of considerable influence, and owned extensive properties in the counties of Wicklow and Wexford, now in possession of the DeRenzie family. They took an active part in the troubles of 1798. One of them was reputed in his day the best horseman and swordsman in Ireland. During the Irish rebellion his father, at great personal risk, saved the life of a priest by placing himself between the levelled muskets and their intended victim. For this service the rev. gentleman presented him with a sword now in the possession of the subject of this sketch. Tablets in Kilpipe and Kilcommon churches note the resting-places of members of his family. His uncle was appointed surveyor to the customs at Montreal by the British government; and his cousin, B. Burland, is at present a surgeon-major in the 19th Hussars. George B. Burland’s education was entrusted to a private tutor, and when his schooling was over, he entered upon business pursuits, in 1844, in the office of his uncle, George P. Bull, who was at that period proprietor and publisher of the Hamilton Gazette. His cousins, Rev. Geo. A. Richard, and the late Hon. Harcourt B. Bull, were then residents of Hamilton; and he remained with them some three or four years and then returned to Montreal. This initial connection with the press soon led to another stage in a cognate branch of publication. The late George Matthews, engraver, succeeded, after many efforts, in inducing the Bank of Montreal to have its bills printed in Canada, the plates being then engraved at the Bank of England, in London. Having secured this step, his next important move was to obtain for that department a manager who could be relied upon for his intelligence and business energy to carry out the new undertaking with success. The choice fell upon Mr. Burland; and thus having identified himself with the undertaking from the first, and acquired an interest in it, his energy, industry and tact enabled him soon to attain to a full partnership. His partner, Mr. Matthews, having secured a competency in the course of time, retired from the business, and left Mr. Burland to conduct affairs. The latter then set about to widen the sphere of his operations, and in spite of many obstacles, which only seemed to stimulate his pluck and perseverance, and notwithstanding the strenuous opposition of the American Bank Note Company and his former partner, he successfully established the British American Bank Note Company, which has been intimately connected with the engraving and printing of the bank note work of the country for over a quarter of a century. Besides being the founder, Mr. Burland is president, and has been general manager of the company since its incorporation. In 1874 he obtained a charter of incorporation for the Burland Lithographic Company, the destinies of which he successfully conducted, as president and general manager, until 1886, when he retired from that double office, on account of his health, and because of his other multifarious interests and occupations. Indeed, he is concerned in many important business enterprises. He is president of the Protestant Insane Asylum of the province of Quebec, to which charity he donated the sum of five thousand dollars. He is a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital, Western Female Hospital, Montreal Dispensary, Boys’ Home, Protestant Orphan Asylum, Irish Protestant Benevolent Association, and Protestant Orphan Asylum, Ottawa, and a life member of the Art Association, of Montreal. To support the principles advanced by the Rev. James Roy, who had been accused of heresy in the Methodist church, and with the view of retaining him in the ministry, Mr. Burland built and equipped one of the handsomest churches in the city of Montreal, at a cost of over $50,000. We merely mention this as an instance of the liberal assistance which he has extended to others without desiring or allowing publicity, and in fact many other proofs of his generosity are known to the writer, which have been carefully hidden from the world by their donor. This sacred edifice has since become the property of the St. Gabriel Church congregation, to which body Mr. Burland donated the sum of $5,000. He also contributed the sum of $2,500 to the Congregational College, Montreal, and has always been a liberal contributor to charitable objects. He was, furthermore, one of the original subscribers to the stock of the Windsor Hotel Company, Montreal, and was one of the few who formed a syndicate to complete the building at a time when its success appeared to be doubtful. He has been one of the directors for many years, is the vice-president, and largest shareholder in the company. He is also widely interested in the manufacturing industries and joint stock companies of the Dominion, and is one of the largest property-owners in the city of Montreal. Some of its most modern and artistic buildings have been erected by him, and he was the first of the citizens to import some of the beautiful woods of British Columbia which have been used in their construction. Mr. Burland married, in 1857, Clarissa, the youngest daughter of the late George Cochrane, of Quebec, by whom he had one son and three daughters. When his son became of age a few years ago he presented him with $25,000 as a birthday present. His gifts to other members of his household have been proportionately liberal on their attaining their majority. The action of Mr. Burland in this matter, as well as in his numerous acts of munificence to the many charitable institutions of the city of Montreal and elsewhere, is worthy of the highest commendation, and we trust the day is not far distant when the men of wealth and noble instincts will follow his example, and not defer the disposal of their wealth till after death, but witness, in the evening of their days, the great blessings they were enabled to impart to their fellow beings. In the year 1883 Mr. Burland paid a visit to Europe with his family, travelling over England, Ireland, Scotland, France, Germany and Switzerland, and thereby greatly benefiting his health; and since then, while still keeping an eye on his numerous interests, he is free to devote much time to works of philanthropy and public usefulness. He is still comparatively a young man, and there is every reason to hope that he will be spared many years to the circle of his family, and to the more enlarged sphere of good citizenship. Men of his stamp are not met with every day, and the lesson of patience, industry, thrift and business management, resulting in the accumulation of large wealth, invested where it can do most private and public good, which his career presents, is worthy of permanent commemoration.

Tellier, Hon. Louis, Judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, St. Hyacinthe, is a son of Zephirin Tellier, of Ste. Melanie de Daillebout, yeoman, and Luce Ferland, daughter of Prisque Ferland, and was born at Berthier-en-haut, December 24th, 1844. The Tellier family came from France about 1789, its progenitor in this province settling at Berthier-en-haut. Mr. Tellier was educated at Joliette College; began the study of law at Joliette, under the Hon. Mr. Baby, who became federal minister of inland revenue, and is now one of the judges of the Court of Queen’s Bench, and finished at St. Hyacinthe, under the Hon. Hubert W. Chagnon, now a puisne judge of the Superior Court, and was called to the bar at Montreal on the 16th of October, 1866; and since 1873 has been in practice at St. Hyacinthe, being the senior member of the firms of Tellier, DeLabruere and Beauchemin, and of Tellier, Lussier and Gendron. He has a liberal share of business in both the civil and criminal courts, and an honorable standing in the profession, being a hard student, well informed in law matters, and preparing his cases with the greatest care and credit. His opinion on legal points is not given hurriedly, but, once expressed, can be relied on. He is very precise and honorable in all his dealings. His law library is one of the best of its kind in the district of St. Hyacinthe. Mr. Tellier was deputy prothonotary of the Superior Court, and deputy clerk of the circuit court for this district, from 1863 to 1873, and crown attorney for the same from the last-named date until 1878. He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in September, 1878, for the county of St. Hyacinthe, and an unsuccessful candidate at the general election in 1882. His politics are Conservative, and though younger than the majority of his political confrères in the district, very few of them have more talent, prestige and influence. When elected to parliament, he drew more than the full party vote. Mr. Tellier was married in St. Hyacinthe, on the 26th of May, 1868, to Hermine, second daughter of the late Dr. Adolphe Malhiot and Hermine Lamothe, who died on the 7th of February, 1878, leaving one son, and on the 18th of July, 1882, to Elzire, daughter of J. A. Hamel, collector of customs of St. Hyacinthe. The family belong to the Roman Catholic church, and on the 24th of June, 1880, Mr. Tellier was a delegate to represent St. Hyacinthe at the grand national fête of St. Jean Baptiste, held in Quebec. He was appointed a Queen’s counsel on the 23rd of January, 1882. He has lately, and most deservedly, been appointed judge of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec.

Haliburton, Thomas Chandler, was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, in December, 1796, and there received the primary portion of his education. He then attended the University of King’s College, and graduated with high honors in 1824. At an early period of his college course he showed a decided taste for literary pursuits, and took many prizes, among them the English essay prize, which he succeeded in wresting from the expectant grasp of several able competitors. On leaving college he turned his attention to law, entered the legal profession and practised at Annapolis, where he had a large and lucrative connection. He then, at the earnest solicitation of friends, entered the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, as member for the county of Annapolis, and here his fine intellect, and good debating powers, soon gave him a leading position. As an orator he is said to have been “earnest, impressive and dignified; though he often showed a strong propensity for wit and humor.” In 1828 he was appointed chief justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and discharged the duties of his position with great ability till 1840, when he was transferred to the Supreme Court. In February, 1856, he resigned his office, left his native land; and found a home in England, where he spent the remainder of his days. At the general elections in 1859 he entered the Imperial parliament as member for Lancaster. Here he joined in some of the debates; but parliamentary life appears to have become irksome to him, and his greatest pleasure was derived from advancing the interests of the village of Isleworth, where he lived, by aiding the philanthropical projects of its inhabitants, and contributing to its charitable institutions; and it was there he died, on the 27th August, 1865. Haliburton first became known as an author in 1829, when he published “An Historical and Statistical Account of Nova Scotia,” This work is said to be written with “clearness, spirit, accuracy, and impartiality,” and is at the present day regarded as a standard work. So much was thought of it that the House of Assembly in Nova Scotia tendered the author a vote of thanks, which he received when in his place in parliament. In 1834 he published “Kentucky,” a tale. In 1837 the first series of “The Clock Maker; or Sayings and Doings of Sam. Slick of Slickville,” came before the public, which was followed by the second and third series in 1838 and 1840. It was in order to preserve some anecdotes and stories, which were too good to be lost, and were in danger of passing into oblivion, that Haliburton wrote, anonymously, a series of articles for a paper, the Nova Scotian, speaking to the public through the medium of a Yankee pedlar. These papers were a great success, and appeared as a collection under the foregoing title, and as a work on common sense it is doubtful if it has its equal. It has been re-published in England and the United States, and translated into foreign languages. In 1839 he published “The Letter-Bag of the Great Western; or Life in a Steamer,” after which followed “The Bubbles of Canada”; “A Reply to the Report of Lord Dufferin”; “Traits of American Humor”; “Sam. Slick’s Wise Saws and Modern Instances”; “The Old Judge; or Life in a Colony”; “The Americans at Home”; “Rule and Misrule of the English in America”; “The Attaché; or Sam. Slick in England”; “Yankee Stories and Yankee Letters”; “The Sayings and Doings of Sam. Slick, Esq., with his Opinion on Matrimony”; “Sam. Slick in Search of a Wife”; “Nature and Human Nature.” Two of his speeches have also been published; one on “Resources and Prospects of British North America,” in 1857, and the other, “On the Repeal of the Differential Duties on Foreign and Colonial Wool.” Critics say, “although a man of mark in other departments of literature, Haliburton is best known as a humorist.” His “History of Nova Scotia” will bear comparison with any works of a similar kind that have appeared in America; but it is to Sam. Slick that he owes his fame. The revelations and remarks of the Yankee pedlar are valuable, no less for their shrewdness and sound sense, than for their raciness and humor, their sarcasms and laughable exaggerations. Haliburton is indeed more than a humorist; and his productions will be read with profit by others besides his countrymen. As a story-teller he is inimitable, and the quaint dialect in which his yarns are couched increases the comic effect of his utterances. Sam. Slick has an individuality that insures for him a place amongst the best known characters of fiction. It is needless to say anything more of one who has attained such world-wide celebrity as he who is familiarly known to Canadians as Judge Haliburton.

Gervais, Marie Emery, M.D., Three Rivers, a descendant of a French family who migrated from France in the beginning of the present century, and settled in the prosperous city of Three Rivers, was born in that city on the 13th of December, 1845, and is the son of Louis Emery Gervais, a merchant of good repute, and a highly esteemed citizen, who served his fellow-townsmen in the capacity of councillor for over twenty years; his mother was Julie Huart, of Point Levis. The doctor was educated at the college of Three Rivers, and on completing a full course of classical studies in that institution, removed to Montreal, and entered the Medical and Surgical School, to follow a course of medical studies, and in May, 1869, graduated M.D. at the University of Victoria College, Cobourg. He then returned to his native place, where he has practised ever since, enjoying the confidence and esteem of the entire community. His urbane manners and uniform courtesy and kindness, together with the careful attention he bestows on all who come under his care have made him hosts of friends. He served in the town council for several years, and in July, 1881, he was returned by acclamation for the ward he had previously represented. He is also a member of the Provincial Board of Health, to which office he was appointed for a term of three years in July, 1880. On the 6th of August, 1870, he married Marie Madeleine Etuchienne, daughter of the late Edouard Normand, of Three Rivers, by whom he has issue twelve children, five sons and seven daughters. The Normand family is well and favorably known in Three Rivers, where it has numerous representatives, and by his alliance with it, Dr. Gervais seems to have been endowed with the many estimable and philanthropic characteristics which are its inheritance.

Turcotte, Hon. Arthur, Q.C., Three Rivers, Quebec.—The distinguished subject of this sketch bears a name deservedly honored in Lower Canadian annals, and for over half a century intimately associated with the institutions, development and history of the city of Three Rivers. His father was one of the most remarkable of the eminent public men of Lower Canada during the last generation. The Hon. J. E. Turcotte was, during his lifetime, Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of United Canada and a member of the Macdonald-Cartier Cabinet, and played a leading part in the politics of his day, besides endowing Three Rivers with important public works of all kinds, which have handed down his fame to a grateful posterity. Among these lasting mementoes of his services to his constituents may be more specially mentioned the railway from Arthabaska to Doucet’s Landing, and the extensive wharves on the water front of the trifluvian city. The first charter of the Piles Railway was secured through his exertions, and, though he did not live to see that road built, the honor of its initiative still remains attached to his memory. He further earned the title of a public benefactor by his large and generous gifts to local institutions of charity, education and religion, which still sacredly cherish his name and lineaments, while his energy and eloquence continue to be household words throughout the province of Quebec. His son, the Hon. Henri René Arthur Turcotte, is the worthy representative of a distinguished father, whose life-work he has warmly taken up, and in whose footsteps he has faithfully walked; so that between the careers of the father and the son, there are many striking points of analogy. Both have played a controlling part in the general politics of the country, as well as in the affairs of Three Rivers as a city, fighting the same battles, and filling the same positions as ministers and speakers of the House. In both, too, are to be found united the same energy and industry, the same civic spirit, which have raised them to the pedestal of public benefactors in the eyes of their fellow-citizens. Hon. Arthur Turcotte is still in the full vigor of manhood. Born at Montreal, on the 19th January, 1845, he received a brilliant education at the Jesuits’ College, Montreal, and Stoneyhurst College, Lancashire, England. He early developed remarkable literary and artistic tastes, and the oratorical talent which he inherited from his father, one of the most eloquent men of his time. In 1867, Mr. Arthur Turcotte was admitted to the bar, where he soon won a prominent position. In 1879 he was appointed a Queen’s counsel. He took an active and important part in the municipal affairs of his native city, and represented his fellow citizens during a number of years successively as councillor, alderman and mayor. He was returned to the Quebec Legislature by the popular vote for the first time in March, 1876. Two years later, the electoral division of Three Rivers re-elected him by acclamation, and on the 4th June, 1878, the Legislative Assembly of Quebec raised him to the dignity of its speaker, which he continued to fill until the dissolution of the houses, in 1881. At the general elections of 1881, he was again a candidate for Three Rivers, but the close of the polls found him in a minority. The election of his successful competitor, Mr. Dumoulin, having been set aside, however, for corruption, a new election took place in March, 1884, and Hon. Mr. Turcotte was again returned to the legislature. At the general elections of the 14th October, 1886, superhuman efforts were made to defeat him, but he once more triumphed with a considerable majority of the popular vote. When Hon. H. Mercier was charged with the formation of a new cabinet for the Province of Quebec, in 1887, Hon. Mr. Turcotte was asked to enter it, and did so as a minister without portfolio. Some months later he was called to act as commissioner of crown lands, during the absence of the actual incumbent, the Hon. Mr. Garneau, who was in Europe, for the benefit of his health. In November, 1887, ill-health having forced Mr. Premier Mercier to take a rest for some time, Hon. Mr. Turcotte was charged by him to act as Premier, and preside over the cabinet councils during his absence. The acting prime minister of Quebec is generally admitted to be one of the most powerful and popular tribunes of his day. In the house, he never speaks without adding new and precious light to any question under debate, and his deliverances are always marked by much originality and independence of thought. He has ever been the friend of the masses, and to his exertions they are indebted for the Quebec Statute, exempting from attachment one-half of workmen’s wages. His industrious habits make him a valuable representative, and he has always taken an active part in public legislation. He has been the author of numerous amendments for the simplification of the civic code, and of the procedure before the Civil Courts. He has also done much for the city of Three Rivers, where, notwithstanding the bitterness of political contests, his name is exceedingly popular. Like his illustrious father, he has contributed largely to the improvement and extension of its railway facilities. The Three Rivers “loop line,” an important local accommodation, is due to his initiative and exertions, and he is actually engaged in promoting another great public enterprise, the Three Rivers and North-Western Railway, which promises most beneficial results. Hon. Mr. Turcotte is a director of the British Empire Life Assurance Company. On 16th January, 1873, he was wedded to Marie Eleanore Isabella, only daughter of Angus Macdonald, of Becancour.

Fabre, Most Rev. Edward C., Roman Catholic Archbishop of Montreal, was born in the city in which he holds such a high and holy office, on the 28th February, 1827. His parents, Edward Raymond Fabre, and Lucy Perrault, were both born in Montreal. His father for many years carried on the business of bookselling, standing, during his lifetime, high in the estimation of his fellow citizens, and was mayor of the city in 1849-50. Archbishop Fabre is the eldest of a family of five children who survive their father. A younger brother, Hon. Louis R. Hector Fabre, occupied a seat in the senate of the Dominion for a number of years, for La Salle; and a sister, Hortense, was married to the late Sir George E. Cartier. The Most Rev. Archbishop Fabre was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, Quebec province, and at Issy, near Paris, in France. He received the tonsure at the hands of Archbishop Affre, of Paris, on the 17th May, 1845, and, returning to Canada, was ordained in Montreal on the 23rd February, 1850, by Bishop Prince. After remaining four years in Montreal, he was appointed curate of Sorel, where he proceeded and entered upon his duties on the 3rd of April, 1850. In 1852 he was promoted to the office of parish priest at Pointe Claire, on the St. Lawrence river, between Lachine and St. Anne. Here he remained until November, 1854, and then returned to the bishop’s palace, at Montreal. He was made a canon on the 25th December, 1855; on the 1st April, 1873, was appointed bishop of Gratianopolis, and was consecrated by Archbishop Taschereau, of Quebec, on the 1st of May following. In 1876, on the resignation of Bishop Bourget, he became bishop of Montreal, and entered upon the important duties of that office in September of that year, and was created Archbishop of the same See on the 8th of June, 1886, on which date the See was created an Archbishopric. Archbishop Fabre has a large territory under his control and superintendence, but he has not shrunk from his duties. He is beloved by his people, and works in the full consciousness that he is in the right path, and has been called of God to do His work on earth.

Mackintosh, Charles H., Journalist, Ottawa, was born in London, Ontario, in 1843. He is a son of the late Captain William Mackintosh, county engineer of Middlesex, Ontario, who came to Canada as an attaché of the ordnance branch of the British army. Mr. Mackintosh has led an unusually active life, and has succeeded in making his way, unaided, from an humble position to one of honor and influence. He was educated at the Galt Grammar school and Caradoc Academy, two well-known institutions at that time. When almost yet a schoolboy he had strong impulses toward a literary life. When the Prince of Wales came to Canada, in 1860, an ode of welcome from the pen of Mr. Mackintosh, then a youth of seventeen, was read in his honor, and presented to His Royal Highness. Two years later, under the title of “Fat Contributor,” he wrote for the London Free Press a series of bright articles which were characteristically named “Hurry-Graphs.” These attracted so wide attention, that the entrance of the young writer into journalism was a foregone conclusion. He gave up the study of law, upon which he had entered, and became first reporter, and soon afterwards city editor of the Free Press. His journalistic career was marked by rapid progress. In 1864 he was city editor of the Hamilton Times. A year later he founded the Dispatch, of Strathroy, which he conducted until 1874. In 1868 he married Gertrude Cooke, daughter of T. Cooke, J.P., of Strathroy. In 1871, he founded the Parkhill Gazette, which he controlled for some time, while still managing the Dispatch. In the same year he unsuccessfully contested North Middlesex as Conservative candidate for the local legislature. In 1871 he visited Chicago during the fire, and wrote a description of the terrible event; 60,000 copies were sold in two weeks. In 1873 he was elected a member of the town council of Strathroy, in which capacity he exhibited talents, as a public man, which afterwards showed to better advantage in a wider sphere. Believing in himself, as all men do who come to the front in human affairs, he deliberately proceeded to fit himself for the higher place in public life which he believed himself destined to fill. Thinking that the protection system which had long been established in the United States would come up for active discussion in Canada, he went to Chicago, accepting the position of managing editor of the Chicago Journal of Commerce. While resident in the western metropolis he studied carefully the protection system, as well as other institutions of the United States. He also wrote a graphic account of the United States “panic, of 1883.” Returning to Canada, he declined an editorial position on the Mail; sold out his interest in the Strathroy Dispatch, and went to Ottawa, where he became editor of the Ottawa Citizen, the Conservative journal of the capital. He at once attracted attention, not only because of the vigorous management and writing of the Citizen, but because of the active interest he displayed in public questions. At the celebration of the O’Connell centennial he wrote a poem which won the gold and silver medal over many others submitted. He was an ardent protectionist long before the Conservative party accepted that system as a plank in their platform, and must be counted as one of the leaders in that great movement. In 1877, the late John Riordon, of St. Catharines, urged Mr. Mackintosh to cooperate with him in reorganizing the Mail, but the offer was again declined. His active interest in public affairs, combined with an unusual share of those qualities which make men popular with their fellows, caused him to be nominated as mayor of Ottawa in 1879, and the result of the election was his return by a large majority. In the two succeeding years he was re-elected, and though unseated on a technicality after the third contest, he was a fourth time favored with the support of the people and fulfilled his term. As mayor of the capital of Canada he inaugurated many reforms which have proved of the greatest benefit to the city. In the general election of 1882 he was one of the Conservative candidates in Ottawa for the House of Commons, and both he and his colleague were elected by sweeping majorities. During his term in parliament he made several speeches which were marked by a combination of keen common sense, full information and finished oratory. He spoke but seldom; but when he took the floor he always secured a careful and attentive hearing. Mr. Mackintosh resigned his seat for Ottawa in July, 1886, but at the request of his friends agreed to hold it until the dissolution, which he did. The capital of Canada is no bed of roses for any active or generous man, and thus the senior member found it, hence his positive objection to being again a candidate. In the last general election Mr. Mackintosh, by the unanimous wish of the Conservative party, contested Russell against Mr. W. C. Edwards, the largest manufacturer and most popular Liberal in the county, and was defeated by a narrow majority, owing mainly to the feeling against the government among the French-Canadians, aroused by the execution of Riel. He polled 2,146 votes, or between 400 and 500 more than were ever given to a Conservative candidate in that county. The Home Rule and Riel cries concentrated at least 1,700 votes solidly against any Conservative nominee, the constituency being largely catholic. The election has been contested, and at this writing the trial on the merits of the case has not been held. Mr. Mackintosh, besides the prominent part he has taken in public affairs, has done much to benefit the Ottawa region by the formation of public works. Notably he was the chief promoter and president of the Gatineau Valley Railway Company, and succeeded in interesting a syndicate of capitalists in the enterprise, so that the road is now under construction. Quite recently Mr. Mackintosh declined to be a candidate for the mayoralty of the capital in 1888.

Paton, Andrew, Sherbrooke, Managing Director of the Paton Manufacturing Company, Sherbrooke, dates his birth on the 5th of April, 1833, near Stirling, Scotland, his parents being James Paton and Mary Harvey, the former dying before his son was born. He received a fair English education, and at an early age became an apprentice to J. and D. Paton, woollen manufacturers, of Tillicoultry, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, for which firm he worked after finishing his apprenticeship. In 1855, Mr. Paton came to this country, engaged in business, with another man, in the manufacture of cloth at Galt, Ontario, and six years later went to Waterloo, in the same province, and continued the same business under the firm name of Paton and Brickes. Mr. Paton was the first man in Canada to make double and twist, or Scotch tweeds. In 1866, he came to Sherbrooke, and took charge of what shortly afterwards became the Paton Manufacturing Company, he supervising the erection of all the buildings now owned by that company, one-half being put up that year, and the rest in 1872. The main building next the office is 212 feet long, and four stories above the basement; the other large building is 216 feet long, and five stories high. Besides these two buildings, which are used for carding, spinning, weaving and finishing, are the dye rooms, 150 feet long; dressing room, 100 feet long, and three stories high including basement; two warehouses the same height, and over 100 feet long; and a number of other buildings, including boiler-houses, machine and carpenters’ shops, office, etc., all of solid brick. It is the largest factory of the kind in the Dominion of Canada, being a twenty-two set mill. The ground plan of the several buildings, their construction and internal arrangement, and the whole management of this mammoth institution are highly creditable to the mechanical talents and business capacity of Mr. Paton. The company gives employment to about five hundred and fifty men, women and children, and pays out to those operatives more than $140,000 annually. Such mills add largely to the population of a town or city, and greatly benefit the surrounding country, as well as the place in which they are located, affording a ready and good market to the farmers in the vicinity for their wool, wood, etc. The leading fabrics manufactured in this mill are tweeds, cassimeres, overcoatings, shoe-cloth and military cloth, in all about 1,000,000 yards, representing a money value of $600,000. It is needless to say that to act as managing-director of such a concern, and to do it well, requires a clear head as well as an active body, and an almost ubiquitous presence. Yet Mr. Paton is cool, calculating, far-seeing and methodical, and never seemingly in a hurry. He thoroughly learned the business of cloth-making in the first place, understands it to perfection, and everything in the mill moves like clock-work. Mr. Paton has done good work in the city council, of which he was a member for eight years, acting as chairman of the Fire Committee, and has been a trustee of the Congregational church, in which he has a membership. He is a man of solid Christian character, and one of those citizens whom Sherbrooke could ill spare. In 1859, he was joined in marriage with Isabella Moir, an estimable Scotch lady, and they have six children.

Colfer, George William, Lieutenant-Colonel (Retired List), late 61st Battalion Montmagny and l’Islet Volunteer Infantry, Barrister and Chief-Clerk Provincial Secretary’s Office, Quebec, was born at Quebec, 31st January, 1837, youngest son of Charles Colfer, of Banna, county Wexford, Ireland, who came to this country in 1820, and was one of the principal founders of St. Patrick’s Church, Quebec, in which he was buried, on 19th December, 1843, and of Eliza Burke Henley, whose family came from Tipperary, and settled in Newfoundland towards the end of the last century. Educated at Quebec Seminary and Laval University, and finished a complete collegiate course at St. Mary’s (Jesuit) College, Montreal, in July, 1856. In November of the same year he entered the office of the eminent legal firm of Holt & Irvine, and after fulfilling his indentures with them, and following the law courses at Laval University, was admitted to the Quebec bar, on 7th January, 1861. When confederation was established, he entered the civil service of his native province, on 17th July, 1867, as chief clerk of the Executive Council, where he remained until November, 1869, when he was transferred to his present office. He was private secretary to the first premier of Quebec, Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, during the whole of his tenure of office, and also to several of his successors. He was called upon, on several occasions, while attending to his own duties, to replace, for lengthened periods, the assistant provincial secretary, and also acted as deputy provincial registrar for over a year. He acted also as A.D.C. and secretary, at various times, to the two first lieutenant-governors of Quebec. Lieut.-Col. Colfer might, perhaps, have attained a high position in his profession, but having a taste for things military, and not being anxious at the time about his bread and cheese, he undertook to go contrary to Cicero’s Cedant arma togæ, and paid more attention to the sword than to the gown. Having joined the Quebec cavalry, now the Q. O. C. Hussars, in 1857, he left that corps as regimental sergeant-major in November, 1864, to join the Military School, formed at Quebec, under Colonel Gordon, C.B., H. M. 17th Regiment. In December following he obtained first and second-class certificates, was immediately gazetted captain 2nd Battalion Quebec Regiment Service Militia, under 27 Vict., cap. 2, sec. 19, and sent to Arthabaska to superintend draft in that district, on 30th December, 1864-65. Drill instructor to Parliamentary Drill Association, composed of members during session of 1864-65, under the late Lieut.-Col. Suzor, A.A.G. The association was reviewed and complimented by His Excellency Lord Monck and Sir E. P. Taché, Kt. In 1865 he was appointed, April 25th, adjutant 1st Western Administrative Battalion for frontier service. He proceeded to Windsor, Ontario, on 26th same month, and served with the battalion until its recall in July following. In September, 1865, he was present at cadet camp, Laprairie, under Colonel (now Lord) Wolseley, and promoted to sergeant, the highest rank given, field and staff officers being regulars. In June, 1866—Fenian raid—he volunteered as cadet, and signed muster-roll for service in any capacity. He volunteered also to take over a company of 8th battalion R.R., as captain, if ordered to the front. In 1869-70 he attended the school, formed at Quebec, to learn new drill. In June, 1871, he was appointed paymaster of the 61st battalion Volunteer Infantry. He served as camp quartermaster of the divisional camp at Lévis. In September and October, he was present at battalion camp 61st Cap St. Ignace. In December, 1871, and January, 1872, he was A.D.C. and secretary to the lieutenant-governor of Quebec. In July he was with the battalion at divisional camp at Lévis. On June 28th he was appointed major of the 61st Battalion. He was present at successive camps, as ordered. From the 1st September to the 1st October, he was A.D.C. and secretary to the lieutenant-governor. On November 30th, 1877, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel 61st battalion. He was present at all successive camps, and served on brigade staff, as musketry instructor, in 1882. He retired, retaining rank, in July, 1883. He was married, 26th November, 1866, to Mary Rebecca Blakiston, daughter of Raymond Blakiston, of the ancient family of Blakiston, of Durham, England (whose father, at one time, expected to fall heir to a great part of the Tempest estates, through his great grandmother, Margaret Tempest, and which are now held by Vane Tempest, Marquis of Londonderry), and Elizabeth Jane Henn, of the distinguished Henn family, of Paradise Hill, county Clare, Ireland. Mrs. Colfer has always been known as a distinguished pianist, and a vocalist of rare power and sweetness. When a pupil at the Ursuline Convent, Quebec, she was chosen to sing the “Ode to the Prince of Wales,” to her own harp accompaniment, when His Royal Highness visited that institution, in 1860. She also wields a graceful and facile pen; is the author of “Stray Leaves,” and several short sketches, and often contributes to the local press, French and English, under her nom de plume. The issue of this marriage was one son and six daughters; five daughters survive, the eldest of whom graduated this year (1887) at the Jesu Marie Convent, Sillery, and had the honor of carrying off the Marquis of Lansdowne’s medal, for excellence. The Colonel was born, and hopes to die, a Roman Catholic. He is a member of the St. Patrick’s Literary Institute, of which he has been, at different times, president and vice-president; of the Quebec Historical Society, and of the Quebec Geographical Society. Being a member of the civil service, he does not consider it becoming to take part in political matters, though free to have his own opinions.

Nault, Joseph, the present joint Registrar of St. Hyacinthe, province of Quebec, was born at St. Ours, on the 17th of April, 1841. Early in life his father, Jean Baptiste Nault, who is a well known farmer of Quebec, married Edes’n Girouard, and in 1886 they celebrated their golden wedding at which eighty relatives, consisting of eight children with their families and some other distant connections were present. Joseph Nault, the subject of this sketch, received his education at the St. Hyacinthe Seminary, where he took a full classical course. In 1865 he passed his examination, and was duly admitted as a notary for the province of Quebec. He was secretary of the city of St. Hyacinthe from 1868 to 1874, and only retired from that office in order to take a position in the bank of St. Hyacinthe. In 1879, having received the appointment of joint registrar, he resigned his position in the bank, of which he is now a director. He has taken a great interest in the municipal affairs of St. Hyacinthe, where he occupied the position of alderman from 1874 to 1879, and was one of the promoters of the St. Hyacinthe waterworks, which were erected in 1875, and of which he is secretary and also a shareholder. Since 1878 he has been president of the school commissioners. He belongs to the prevailing religious denomination in Quebec, the Roman Catholic church, and in politics is a Liberal. He was married on the 8th of November, 1864, to Flavie Bourgeois, and has a family of nine children and two grandchildren.

Ouimet, Hon. Gédéon, Q.C., D.C.L., Quebec, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the Province of Quebec, officer of Public Instruction of France, Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great, member of the “Academie des Arcades de Rome,” president of the Council of Public Instruction, and of the Roman Catholic Committee, of the province of Quebec, was born in Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 3rd June, 1823. His father, Jean Ouimet, farmer, was descended from an old French family; and his mother was Marie Bontron dit Major. Mr. Ouimet received a classical education at the colleges of St. Hyacinthe and Montreal, having at the last named place been under the charge of the noted instructor, l’Abbé Duchaine. He studied law with Mr. Sicotte, who was afterwards promoted to the bench, and was admitted to the bar, at Montreal, in August, 1844. Mr. Ouimet practised his profession for about five years, when he removed to Vaudreuil. In October, 1853, he returned to Montreal, and continued his profession along with L. S. Morin and L. W. Marchand, and afterwards with P. Morean and J. A. Chapleau. He soon rose to prominence in his profession, and was highly respected by his fellow-citizens. He was created a Queen’s counsel in 1867, and for a period served as bâtonnier for Quebec province. In 1869 he filled the position of president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. He has also held the president’s chair of the Institut Canadien-Français; and is a member of the Literary and Historical Society; and the Geographical Society of Quebec. He was appointed commissioner to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition, in 1886. Entering political life, he represented the county of Beauharnois from 1857 to 1861 in the Legislative Assembly of Canada. From Confederation in 1867 to 1876 he represented the county of Two Mountains in the Quebec legislature, and was attorney-general of the province until February, 1873, when he became premier, minister of public instruction (succeeding the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau), and provincial secretary. At that time it was necessary that the minister of public instruction should be a member of the parliament; but after a while it became evident to observant statesmen that the two positions were too burdensome for one man to hold, if not inimical to the best interests of education. Consequently, in 1875, the Assembly passed an act abolishing the dual office, and the administration of the educational affairs of the province was put in the same position it was before confederation, namely, in charge of a superintendent. The judgment of the proper authorities, as well as public sentiment, pointed to the Hon. Mr. Ouimet as the person best fitted to this highly responsible position, and he was, on the 1st February, 1876, appointed superintendent of public instruction for the province, when he retired from public life. Since that time educational matters have been greatly improved; and in all cases in which Protestant and Roman Catholic educational interests infringed upon each other, or came into collision, he has succeeded in smoothing down the conflicting elements by his strictly impartial decisions. And judging from his many published addresses, and the frequency of his visits to Protestant schools on public occasions, it cannot be questioned that he is at heart a real friend of education, irrespective of creed or nationality. His well-known urbanity, legal eminence, experience in public business, and impartial zeal in the cause of public education not only qualify him, in a mixed community like that of Quebec, for the important public post which he occupies, but justify the bright future for education in his province. Hon. Mr. Ouimet is a D.C.L. of the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, and of Laval University. He is the author of the “Law on District Magistrates”; and while in the legislature he secured important amendments to the law relating to the qualification of jurors in criminal cases, and also in the code of procedure. Herein it will be seen that he has, in more ways than one, and is still leaving the impress of his well-disciplined and powerful mind in the archives of his native province. In 1878 he was named by the French government “Officier d’Instruction publique,” as a mark of distinction and approbation of the scholastic exhibition of Quebec province during the International Exhibition held in Paris that year. In August, 1850 he was married to Jane Pellant, daughter of the late Alexis Pellant, and they have had a family of six children, five of whom are married.

Gauvreau, Rev. Antoine, Parish Priest, Lévis, was born at Rimouski, on the 22nd September, 1841. His father was Pierre Gauvreau, a notary public, and his mother Elizabeth Dubergès. Rev. Mr. Gauvreau was sent to the college of Ste. Anne de Lapocatière, in the county of Kamouraska, where he followed a complete course of classical studies. At the completion of his course he determined to enter the holy orders, and with that purpose in view was admitted to Laval University to study theology. On the 2nd of October, 1864, he was ordained priest, and appointed missionary vicar to the parish of Rivière-au-Renard, Gaspé. This charge he retained until 1866, when he was called to the city of Quebec, to assume the duties of almoner at the archbishop’s palace, being at the same time chaplain to the Sisters of Charity, the Christian Brothers, and St. Vincent de Paul Society. In 1870 he was removed by his ordinary to the curacy of St. Nicholas, Lévis county, where he remained until 1875. He was then transferred to Ste. Anne de Beaupré, the place of pilgrimage of the Roman Catholics of the whole American continent. Every summer thousands of devout pilgrims wend their way to the shrine of the saint. It is said that the number of people who visited Ste. Anne this season (1887) exceeded one hundred thousand. Two golden crowns of great value were lately presented to the present curate of Ste. Anne by the citizens of Quebec, and his eminence Cardinal Taschereau presided at the ceremonies incidental to the blessing of the princely gift. The attendance was so large that an altar was improvised and high mass was said in the open air, an eloquent proof that faith is still deep-rooted in the hearts of the faithful of the province of Quebec, reports to the contrary notwithstanding. Rev. Mr. Gauvreau exercised his ministry in Ste. Anne until 1878, when he took charge of the important parish of St. Romuald d’Etchemins, county of Lévis, and retained it until 1882. At that date he removed to Lévis, and has had charge of that parish ever since. Rev. Mr. Gauvreau is remembered in all the parishes over which he presided as a kind and considerate pastor.

Peck, Charles Allison, Hopewell Hill, New Brunswick, Barrister-at-law, was born at Hopewell, in the county of Albert, N.B., on the 12th August, 1840. He was educated at Fredericton. Mr. Peck is the youngest son of Elisha and Sarah Peck. His father was an extensive landowner in the county, and captain in the militia, and was one of the first appointed to the magistracy. Charles Allison Peck studied law in the office of the late Sir Albert J. Smith, and was called to the bar in Easter Term, 1861, receiving a first-class certificate. Shortly after he formed a law co-partnership with the Hon. Bliss Botsford, at present Judge Botsford, and practised his profession at Hopewell, residing upon the old homestead. He first appeared in public life in 1865, when he unsuccessfully contested Albert on the Quebec scheme of confederation, to which he was opposed, against the Hon. John Lewis and A. R. McLellan, but was defeated by a small majority. After the union in 1867 he was elected to the New Brunswick Legislature for Albert, where he sat for three sessions, and was generally found supporting progressive legislation; but devoted much of his time to the Albert Railway question, the necessary legislation for which railway he secured against much opposition, the construction of this railway being largely due to his efforts while in the legislature, and subsequently. He was the solicitor of the company until its completion. He organized, and was the first president of, the Albert Southern Railway. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. He has more than once declined candidature for political honors, preferring to devote himself to his profession. Mr. Peck was appointed captain of the militia; trustee of Albert county Grammar School; and is a referee in equity. He is not a member of any religions denomination, but a liberal supporter of all. Mr. Peck was married, in 1864, to Amelia, youngest daughter of the late Solomon Nichols, of the city of St. John, who was president of the Bank of New Brunswick at the time of his death. Mrs. Peck is an Episcopalian; and her ancestors were loyalists, who, on coming to the Maritime provinces, left behind them at Flushing, New York state, large and valuable properties. They have two sons, Henry Brougham and Charles Allison, and one daughter, Celia Isabel Frances. The elder son, Henry, who is a student at law, recently entered the civil service.

Sénécal, Hon. Louis Adelard, Senator, was born at Varennes, county of Verchères, on the 10th of July, 1829. The man who, in after years, became so universally known throughout the length and breadth of the continent, received but a rudimentary education afforded by the humble school of his native village, and attended a common school in Burlington, Vermont, for a few months. After a residence of two years in the United States, he settled in Verchères, province of Quebec, where he established a general store. Such was his début in trade; and from the outset he showed the indomitable energy, the undaunted courage, and the business tact which caused the admiration even of his opponents. In 1853 he purchased the steamboat Frederic George, which was at Ogdensburg, took command of her, came down the river in the midst of floating ice, and arrived at Montreal on the 9th of April. Since that time he was known as “Captain Sénécal.” The Frederic George did service between Montreal and Sorel. In 1854 he repaired his steamboat, renewed her machinery and boilers, and named her the Verchères. In 1857 he built the steamboat Yamaska in the short space of two months and a-half, to inaugurate navigation on the river Yamaska, and established a line from St. Aimé to Montreal. The next year he built the Cygne, and established a regular service on the river St. Francis, between St. Francis and Sorel. Thus he was the first to open navigation on these rivers, and later on, by his energy and with government aid, he improved the service to a considerable extent. In 1859 he launched the steamboat Ottawa to run in opposition to the Richelieu Company’s boats between Montreal and Quebec. Since 1882 he was the president of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, and it is due to his admirable management that the company was enabled to refit its steamers and place its finances on a sound and paying basis. When he took charge of the company’s affairs its finances were almost disorganized; he left it in full prosperity and almost doubled its field of operation and its monetary value. Meanwhile Mr. Sénécal was doing a large trade in lumber and grain in the United States. He had become the owner of eleven steamers and eighty-nine barges plying between Montreal, Sorel and Whitehall. One can easily form an idea of his marvellous activity from the fact that during the year he was forced to suspend his operations, he did three million dollars worth of business, without leaving the village of Pierreville, which was the centre of his operations. The losses suffered by several Montreal firms on account of the suspension were the subject of much comment at the time; it is only fair to say that all of these firms had derived benefits from their connection with him, certain houses having endorsed his notes at the rate of two per cent., others again having loaned him money at rates varying from 10 to 40 per cent. It was during the American civil war; he obtained money at par at three months and was obliged to reimburse in bankable (?) value, and pay a high rate of interest besides. Mr. Sénécal has built and was the owner of several saw and grist mills at St. David, St. Guillaume, Wickham, Wickham West, Yamaska, Kingsey, Pierreville and Acton. The Pierreville mill was destroyed by fire on the 20th June, 1868. He rebuilt in forty-seven days, and on the 5th August 146 saws were in operation. The fire had been extinguished at one o’clock on Saturday afternoon, and at twelve o’clock on the following Monday the foundations of the new building were under way. The same mill was destroyed a second time on the 14th January, 1870. He had not a single piece of timber on hand and was obliged to draw from the forest the pine and oak necessary for the building of the manufactory. Moreover, he was forced to buy new machinery in the United States. In spite of these difficulties, and although it was mid-winter, thirty days later, on the 15th February following, the smoke from the new building was rising out of its chimney, and the buzz of the saws proved that the Pierreville mill was giving life to a busy population. In 1866 he purchased almost the whole of Upton township, and it was at this period that he gave full scope to the development of colonization, and that he found the solution of this important problem. He cleared a piece of land at his own expense, sold it to a farmer, and employed him to clear an adjoining lot to be sold again in the same manner. In 1871 he turned his attention to railroading and solved another problem, that of building excellent railroads with very limited resources. He first built forty-three miles of road laid with wooden rails between Sorel and Wickham, via Yamaska and Drummondville, during the year 1871, and finished it before the time agreed on by the contract; he thus had the benefit of the line during all the year 1872. The boldness he displayed on that occasion is a matter of astonishment, for all the resources he could dispose of to complete the undertaking, including rolling material, right of way, embankments, ballast, the Yamaska bridge, station buildings, wooden rails, etc., etc., were only $5,000 in bonds per mile, on which he was able to realize but $4,250 per mile. This road was sold to the South Eastern, and he undertook, on his own account, to replace the wooden rails by iron ones, and to build thirteen extra miles in order to reach Acton. The contract was signed in September of 1875, and on the 15th of February, 1876 the railroad was entirely completed. When he obtained the contract he had not a single tie at his disposal, and received only $2,300 per mile; yet he built fifty-four miles of a first-class railway, in about seventeen months, at a total cost of $6,550 per mile. It must be said, however, that the South Eastern Company furnished the iron rails, which amounted to a value of about $2,000 per mile. In 1877, the contractor of the Laurentian Railway having failed, Mr. Sénécal was called upon to complete the road, hardly half built, with the scanty resources left. He could dispose of a subsidy of $4,000 per mile, and bonds on the road which could not be negotiated. Col. King, of Sherbrooke, consented to advance $50,000, and Mr. Sénécal built the six or seven miles not constructed, as well as the bridges, and the ballasting in three months. He then proceeded to Lévis and undertook the Lévis and Kennebec line, the contractors of which were also bankrupt. There was very little left of the subsidies available, and with these, and the revenue from the running of the road, he built several miles of the new line, ballasted the whole, and made it a first-class road. In the execution of this enterprise he showed his wonderful power of perseverance and energy in the face of difficulties. The English shareholders, who owned all the bonds and stock of the road, had thought they would be able to control the operations of the line, and a number of business and professional men were certain they would not meet with any obstacle. Mr. Sénécal saw the situation at a glance, attacked the enemy in the front, and defended himself for two years in civil and criminal suits. He resisted the police and orders of the court, kept possession of the road as long as he wanted, and in the end he proved that he was in the right, for he obtained judgments in his favor in forty or fifty cases brought against him by the Hon. Mr. Irvine. However, as there was no money to be made out of the line, he abandoned it, according to the terms of his contract, after making it a first-class-road. One of the most striking traits of his character was that he never allowed himself to be legally or financially cornered, and had always gained his object, even when he had no resources available, and had to struggle against combined wealth, talents and influence. He has built the following railroad lines:—From Sorel to Acton, from Lanoraie to St. Felix de Valois, the Berthier branch, the St. Eustache branch, the ice railway; and he completed the St. Lin road and the Lévis and Kennebec line. When he was appointed general superintendent of the Q., M. O. & O. Railway it was far from finished, and the experience he had acquired in railroad construction was of great benefit to the government in the completion of the provincial road. The services rendered by Hon. Mr. Sénécal in that transaction have been misrepresented by his political adversaries; however, he effected important savings for the provincial government. As these matters still belong to the domain of political history, we will merely place this observation on record. In 1881 he formed a syndicate for the purchase of part of the road. The history and developments of this transaction are too well known to require comment. Later on he sold the road to the Grand Trunk Company, and when the Canadian Pacific Railway Company obtained possession of the line, they were obliged to discharge the bonds issued by the Grand Trunk to pay the first possessors. Although Mr. Sénécal was the bearer of a considerable amount of these bonds, they were not available, and he received only about $100,000 out of the transaction. Mr. Sénécal was one of the founders of the Cumberland Mining and Railway Company, which is to-day the most powerful company in the maritime provinces. In 1883-84 he was president of the Montreal City Passenger Railway, and, had he so desired, he would probably have filled the position until now, but he resigned on being re-elected. He has generally encouraged all great enterprises. He took a large amount of shares in the Coaticook Cotton Company, and also in the Richelieu pulp factory. A few years ago he spent a large amount of money to introduce the electric light system, and he obtained, by a statutory charter, the power to dam the Caughnawaga rapids. The purchase of timber limits, and of the Hull mills, for which he paid more than a million dollars, proved a disastrous venture. His plan was perfect; but no individual was in a position to advance such an enormous amount, and he had to give up the undertaking after losing nearly $400,000. This loss we look upon as a national calamity, because his main object in purchasing such an immense tract of territory was to put a great industry into the hands of his countrymen. It is well known that when Mr. Sénécal had money, it was used to the benefit of everybody, for in his opinion the hoarding of wealth was contemptible. Through the vicissitudes of his eventful career, there were moments when his financial resources were nil, as in 1878-79, when his subsidies and his railroad bonds were practically not worth a cent. Nevertheless he undertook the task, at that period, to bring about the dismissal of Lieutenant-Governor Letellier de Saint-Just, on account of his famous coup-d’état of the 2nd of March, 1878. He sold his life insurance policy, some real estate, and, in fact, everything which he could convert into cash, for a few thousand dollars, proceeded to Ottawa, where he took up house and passed the session of 1879, in order to keep the Lower Canadian members united, and finally succeeded in carrying a point considered as irretrievably lost after the refusal of the Marquis of Lorne to sign the dismissal of the Hon. Letellier de Saint-Just. In the same year he employed the same tactics in Quebec and brought about the fall of the Joly ministry. In politics Mr. Sénécal has played a prominent part. He was the mainspring of the Conservative party in the Quebec provincial election in 1881, and again in the Dominion election of 1882, and it is mainly due to his efforts that the party gained such brilliant victories at that time. He was an admirable organizer, and possessed the talent to infuse his own courage into others. His iron will, his energy, and the quickness of his movements carried the day every time. When he had once made up his mind to do a certain thing, it was done. Hon. J. A. Chapleau, who has the reputation of knowing how to gauge a man at his proper worth, and deservedly so, knew the ability of this man of large heart and energy, and honored him with his entire confidence. The secretary of state, who also remembers services and rewards merit when the occasion presents itself, never missed an opportunity to render homage to his valor and to the eminent services he had rendered. He did not hesitate to give him a substantial proof of his gratitude as soon as he found himself in a position to do so, by calling him to the senate, the highest distinction in the gift of the government. In 1882 the French government sent to Mr. Sénécal the cross of a commander of the Legion of Honor. Before giving his allegiance to the Conservative party Mr. Sénécal had been a Liberal, and he was elected as such to the Legislative Assembly for the county of Yamaska, which he represented from 1867 to 1871; at the same time he had been elected for Drummond and Arthabaska to the House of Commons, in which he sat from 1867 to 1872. He is the only man in the country who has been elected in two separate constituencies for two separate chambers in two separate elections. In 1874 he had formed the project, with Hon. Mr. Cauchon, to unite the two political parties, and had almost succeeded, when Mr. Joly, then leader of the opposition, destroyed the entente in a speech delivered at a banquet in Montreal. He then abandoned the Liberals, and the chiefs of the party have often expressed their bitter regrets at losing such a man. On the other hand the Conservatives expressed the same regret, when he was forced to abandon the Conservative government at Ottawa on the Riel question. In 1850 Senator Sénécal married Delphire Dansereau, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Dansereau, merchant, of Verchères. Several children were the fruit of this marriage, two of whom only survive: Madame Judge Gill, and Madame W. E. Blumshart. Senator Sénécal was a brother-in-law to Dr. Hercule Dansereau, of Thibodeau, La., Hon. Felix Geoffrion, Captain St. Louis, the late Cyril Archambault, barrister, and uncle to F. X. Archambault, Q.C.

Sweeny, Right Rev. John, D.D., Roman Catholic Bishop of St. John, New Brunswick, was born in Fermanagh, Ireland, in May, 1812. His parents, who belonged to the farming class, were James Sweeny and Mary Macguire. The family emigrated to Canada, and settled in St. John in 1828, taking up land for farming. Bishop Sweeny received his literary education in schools in New Brunswick, and studied theology in the Grand Seminary in Quebec city. In 1844 he was ordained priest by Archbishop Turgeon. He was then appointed to missionary work, and returned to St. John and entered upon his labors. Subsequently he was engaged in similar mission work at Chatham and Shediac, until 1851, when, on the death of the Right Rev. Dr. Dollard, he became administrator. A little later he was appointed vicar-general under the Right Rev. Thomas Connolly, bishop of St. John; and in 1860, on the elevation of Bishop Connolly to the archbishopric of Halifax, he was made bishop. During the many years Bishop Sweeny has occupied his high and responsible position he has done good work for his people, irrespective of his spiritual administration. He has built the St. Vincent Convent and Orphan Asylum; the Convent of the Sacred Heart; the Episcopal residence; the side chapels and spire of the cathedral, and a considerable portion of the cathedral itself; a large brick structure for school purposes; St. Malachi and St. Joseph halls, and an Industrial School near St. John city. His lordship has a large diocese which includes the southern half of New Brunswick, embracing the counties of Westmoreland, Albert, Kings, St. John, Charlotte, Queens, Sunbury, York, Carlton, and the larger part of Kent. On this immense diocese he keeps a vigilant eye, and is ever careful of his people’s spiritual wants. As a preacher his discourses are eminently practical; and whenever he expounds any of the doctrines of his church, he never fails to clearly point out how they should affect the lives of the thousands who listen to his voice. His style is plain, simple, and unaffected, so that a listener is at once impressed with the idea that his aim is rather to instruct than to make a display. In the administration of his diocesan affairs he keeps quietly at work, and every year shows an improvement in all its branches. He seldom undertakes anything that he does not finish; and seems to know not the import of the word “fail.”

Pidgeon, J. R., Justice of the Peace, Indiantown, New Brunswick. Mr. Pidgeon was born where he still resides, in April, 1830, and is consequently in his fifty-eighth year. His father and mother, who are still living at the age of 83, were among the earliest settlers, and tell many amusing anecdotes of life in New Brunswick in the early part of the century. Our subject received his education in the Common and Normal schools of his province, and at the age of eighteen began the study and practical education of lumber surveyor. At the age of twenty-five he obtained what was termed a “warrant” qualifying him to practice his profession as surveyor which he did until his 42nd year. That year he received the appointment of railway mail clerk on the Intercolonial Railway which appointment he still holds being one of the oldest employés of the postal department on that road. It is however in connection with the temperance reform that he is best known, having espoused the principles of total abstinence as long ago as 1848. He has held the highest offices in the gift of the various temperance societies of his native province, and there are few platforms in the maritime provinces that have not at one time or other resounded with his eloquent voice. In religious belief Mr. Pidgeon is a Baptist, having united with that body in 1864. He is also a member of the Masonic craft of long standing, and has often occupied positions of eminence therein. For some years he has been in the commission of the peace for New Brunswick, a distinction well merited in his case, to say the least. As a speaker, Mr. Pidgeon is forcible, logical, and eloquent, abounding in anecdote and bubbling over with fun. Politically he is a Prohibitionist through and through, and his whole life seems to be to educate the people up to his standard. To the Independent Order of Good Templars in New Brunswick he has been and still is a tower of strength, and wherever he is known enjoys the respect of all and the hatred of none.

Worthington, Edward D., A.M., M.D., F.R.C.S. (Edin.), Sherbrooke, P.Q. The subject of our sketch is one of the oldest physicians and surgeons in the District of St. Francis, having been in practice nearly fifty years, and gained for himself the reputation of being the leading surgeon in that part of Canada. He was born in Queen’s county, Ireland, on the 1st December, 1820. His parents, John Worthington and Mary Dagge, left Queen’s county on the 11th April, 1822, and after a short stay in Dublin, sailed from that port for America on the 2nd May, and reached Quebec on the 23rd June. Here they remained until 1828, when Mr. Worthington was induced to remove to Upper Canada. Taking his family with him, he started from Quebec on the 28th April of that year, and reached Queenston on the 12th May. This journey proved a most disastrous one, for the whole family suffered from fever and ague, and other misfortunes, and within a few days of one year they returned to Quebec. Here Mr. Worthington remained until his death, he and his wife having resided over fifty years in the city where they first landed after having left their native country. Their bodies now repose in Mount Hermon cemetery, on the banks of the St. Lawrence, surrounded by the graves of seven of their children. The subject of this sketch and his brother John, a druggist in Brooklyn, New York, being all who are left of a large family. In 1834 Dr. Worthington was indentured for seven years to the late Dr. James Douglas, of Quebec, who at that time occupied the foremost rank in his profession in Canada, he and the late Dr. Valentine Mott, of New York, being considered the most accomplished surgeons in America. After serving over five years, Dr. Douglas relieved him from the balance of his indenture, to enable him to accept an appointment as staff-assistant-surgeon in the British army. An assistant-surgeoncy in the army, however, in those piping times of peace, with its “7s. 6d. sterling per diem, and rations,” presented few attractions, so, after serving two years, he left the army, and went to Edinburgh, where he spent two years in attending lectures and “walking” the hospitals. While in Edinburgh he was awarded the medal of the Royal College of Surgeons, and also won the friendship of many of her eminent men, with some of whom he still keeps up a friendly correspondence. Among the students at that time from this side of the Atlantic, were the present Sir Charles Tupper, M.D., C.B.; the Hon. Dr. D. McNeil Parker, of Halifax; and the late Dr. R. H. Russell, of Quebec. On his return to Canada he received, on the 1st August, 1843, the license of the Montreal Medical Board, and immediately settled in Sherbrooke, Eastern townships, where he soon built up an extensive practice, and where he has since continued to reside. He has the fullest confidence of the community in his skill as a physician, and for over thirty years has had nearly all the surgical practice in his district of country. He has the full confidence of his confrères, who frequently send for him from long distances for consultations. Dr. Worthington, it will not be out of place to say here, was the first surgeon in Canada who performed a capital operation under ether as an anæsthetic, and was also among the first to use chloroform. On the 10th March, 1847, he amputated below the knee, under ether; and in January, 1848, three cases under chloroform, one being excision of bone. In 1854 the University of Bishop’s College, Lennoxville, conferred upon him the degree of M.A., honoris causa; and in 1868, McGill College, Montreal, that of M.D.C.M., ad eundem. He is also a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh; corresponding member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal, and of the Gynæcological Society of Boston, Massachusetts; member of the Canada Medical Association, having been, in 1877, vice-president for the province of Quebec; and for many years one of the governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec, for the District of St. Francis. The doctor has received several substantial marks of public favor, among others, a solid silver tea-service, for his gratuitous attendance on the poor; and a gold watch and chain for his energetic and successful efforts to prevent the spread of that most loathsome of all diseases in Sherbrooke, the small pox. In the years 1837-8, Dr. Worthington served as a private in Captain Le Mesurier’s company of the Quebec regiment of Volunteer Light Infantry, the adjutant being the late Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Wily. The doctor is a warm supporter of the volunteer movement in Canada, and has served in the 53rd Battalion since its formation. He was on active service in both Fenian raids, and retired in 1887, retaining his rank as surgeon-major. He has written a good deal for medical periodicals, and especially for the Canada Medical Journal, published in Montreal, and some of his papers have been copied into the medical journals of Great Britain and the United States. Among the many papers he has contributed to the Canadian press are: “A new method of bed-making in fractures” (1871); “Glue bandage in fractures” (1872); “Case of gun-shot wound in abdomen, with perforation of stomach” (1876); and “Acute fibrinous bronchitis, with expectoration of tube casts” (1876). Dr. Worthington is a member of the Church of England, and has been a delegate to the Provincial Synod. In politics he is a Conservative. On the 16th October, 1845, he married Fanny Louisa Smith, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Hollis Smith, the first member elected to the Legislative Council for the Division of Wellington. Mrs. Worthington died on the 17th April, 1887, aged fifty-nine years. Of her eight children, five are now living, two daughters and three sons. The younger daughter is married to Major Antrobus, superintendent of the North-West Mounted Police. Of the sons, Edward Bruen, aged twenty-seven, is senior captain in the 53rd battalion; an LL.B. of Bishop’s College University, and in successful practice in Sherbrooke, as a notary public. Arthur Norreys, aged twenty-five, graduated in medicine at McGill College University in 1886, and after spending some time in Europe, settled in Sherbrooke. He was recently gazetted surgeon to the 53rd battalion, on his father’s retirement from the volunteer service. In September, 1887, he married, at Toronto, Emma May, daughter of H. H. Cook, M.P. for Simcoe East. The youngest son, Hugh Standish, is now at Bishop’s College Grammar School, Lennoxville. Arthur Norreys served through the North-West rebellion in the Field Hospital Corps, and so greatly distinguished himself for his humanity and bravery as to receive the following notice in the official report of Dr. Bergin, surgeon-general:

Many of these young men did noble work, regardless of danger. Where the bullets fell thickest, with a heroism that has never been exceeded, they were to be found, removing the wounded and the dying to places of shelter and of safety in the rear. Some cases of individual heroism are reported to me, which I feel call for more than a passing remark; and embolden me to say that amongst these non-combatant lads, and the staff to which they belonged, are to be found some of the greatest heroes of the war. At Batoche I am told that during the fight a flag was thrust from the window of the church, and was observed by a surgeon and a student who were under shelter from the fire at a couple of hundred yards distance. The student, immediately he perceived it, proposed that a party should at once go to the relief of the one demanding succor. No one appeared willing to second his proposal. To go to the church through the open under such a terrible fire as was being poured from the Half-breed pits, seemed to be like proceeding to certain death; but persisting, the surgeon said: “if you are determined to go, and we can find two volunteers to assist us in carrying a stretcher, I am with you.” Two men from the Grenadiers of Toronto at once stepped forward; and the four started upon their perilous journey—crawling upon their bellies—taking advantage of any little inequality of ground to cover them, and to shield them from the bullets of the Half-breeds. They reached the church—the bullets tearing up the earth all around them—without a scratch, and, breathing a short prayer for their deliverance thus far from death and danger, they looked around for him whom they had risked, and were still risking, their lives, to succor and to save. They found him in the person of a venerable priest, who had been wounded in the thigh, and they at once proceeded to remove him, after administering temporary aid. To remain in the church was to court certain death. To return to their corps seemed to be no less perilous; but they chose the latter. When they sortied from the church, so astonished were the Half-breeds at their daring that they ceased their fire for a moment. This time, returning, they had no cover, and were obliged to march erect. Bullets flew thick and fast; but the condition of the wounded man precluded anything like hurry, and they hastened slowly. God watched over them and protected them, and they reached their comrades in safety, their wounded charge also escaping without further harm. Such conduct deserves recognition, and I beg respectfully to call attention to it in this official way. I have not yet been able to obtain the names of the two noble fellows belonging to the Grenadiers, but I hope this notice of it will bring the information I desire. The other two are Surgeon Gravely, of No. 1 Field Hospital, and Mr. Norreys Worthington, from the same hospital. The manner in which Captain Mason was rescued and brought in by, I believe, Dr. Codd, of the 90th, and one of the young dressers (Mr. Norreys Worthington), was an exhibition of marked courage by members of the medical staff. Other instances well deserving of commendation have been reported to me, and I would respectfully suggest inquiry into all such cases, and if they be found as reported to me, that honorable recognition of them be made.

Mr. Worthington claimed descent through Bruen Worthington, of Ashton Hayes, in the county of Chester, and of Philpotstown, in the county of Meath, clerk in the Irish House of Commons, in 1734; from Hugh Worthington, of Worthington, in the county of Lancaster, and of the Manor of Adlington, in Standish parish. He held the lordship of Worthington in the 13th year of Edward IV., A.D. 1474.

Vaughan, William, St. Martins, N.B., was born in 1843, in Liverpool, England, and is consequently in his forty-fifth year. He is the son of the late Captain William Vaughan, of St. Martins, and it is by a mere accident that he claims Liverpool as his birthplace. He received his earlier education in a private school, and afterwards attended the Model school of St. John, N.B., and the Horton Academy at Wolfville, N.S. At the age of seventeen Mr. Vaughan was placed in the office of Farnworth & Jardine, a large shipping firm, of Liverpool, staying there for two years, getting his initial knowledge of business life therein. Returning home, he, in 1866, commenced business on his own account in St. Stephen, N.B. This he continued successfully until 1873, when, in partnership with another gentleman, he established the West India produce house of Vaughan, Clerke & Co. of St. Stephen. On the incorporation of the town, Mr. Vaughan was elected a member of the first town council, and was re-elected as such for the two succeeding years. In 1876 he commenced operations in St. Martins as shipbuilder, building vessels of the larger class. In 1878 the subject of our sketch sold out his interest in the St. Stephen firm, and again made his residence in his boyhood’s home—St. Martins. In 1882, in consequence of the failure of a Liverpool house which were large clients of his, and also in consequence of the depreciation which took place in wooden ships, Mr. Vaughan was compelled to relinquish business. Soon afterwards he was appointed manager of the Government Savings Bank at St. Martins, which position he still holds. In religious belief Mr. Vaughan is a prominent member of the Baptist church, being admitted to fellowship therein in 1857. He has held many positions of honour in this connection, all of which he has filled with credit to himself and with satisfaction to the denomination. Mr. Vaughan is also prominent in Masonic circles, being a past master of Sussex Lodge, St. Stephen; past principal of St. Stephen R. A. Chapter; and past eminent commander of St. Stephen Encampment K.T. In 1867 the subject of our sketch married a daughter of John Marks, of St. Stephen, and has a family of three boys and two girls. Mr. Vaughan has been a life-long total abstainer, not even knowing the taste of alcoholic liquors. At the present writing (1887) he is the grand chief templar of the Independent Order of Good Templars in New Brunswick, and has held the position for two years. Politically, Mr. Vaughan is a Conservative, although, as between the question of prohibition and party, if necessary, the latter would have to bow to the former. A man of good physique and energetic character, Mr. Vaughan is one of the many of her sons of whom his province, and, in fact, his country, may be proud.

Fraser, Hon. Duncan C., B.A., Barrister, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, was born at New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, on the 1st of October, 1845. His parents were Alexander Fraser and Annie Chisholm. He received his primary education at the Normal School, and graduated B.A. at Dalhousie College in 1872. He also took a course of instruction in the Military School. He chose law as a profession, and has succeeded in building up a large and lucrative business. Mr. Fraser has taken an active interest in municipal affairs, and for some time was town clerk, and a school trustee. He was then elevated to the mayoralty of his native town, and occupied the office for two terms. In provincial politics, he has also participated, and during the administration of the Hon. P. C. Hill, which held the reigns of power from 1875 to 1878, he was a member of the Legislative Council, and held a position in the government without a portfolio, but he resigned his seat in the council and returned to private life. In politics he is a Liberal, and a pronounced free trader. He has been long connected with the temperance reform, and takes a deep interest in all societies having for their object the extermination of the traffic in intoxicating drinks. At present he is the chief of the Independent Order of Good Templars in Nova Scotia. He is connected with Masonic and Oddfellows orders; and has been a deputy-grand master of the Masonic body. Mr. Fraser is familiar with the Maritime provinces, and has twice taken a trip to the Pacific coast. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church, and occupies the position of elder. On the 24th of October, 1878, he was married to Bessie G. Graham, daughter of William and Annie Graham, of New Glasgow.

Matheson, Colonel Roderick.—The Honorable Roderick Matheson, Senator, was born in the parish of Loch Carron, Ross-shire, Scotland, in December, 1793. He was descended from the last recognized Chief of Clan Mathan, Dugald Matheson, of Balmacara, Loch Alsh, Ross-shire, who joined Earl Seaforth in the Jacobite rebellion, and was killed in the action of Glen Shiel, Glenelg, on 10th June, 1719. Dugald Matheson left four sons. The three younger brothers went out to India, and did not return; the eldest, Roderick, remained at home and married Christina, daughter of Kenneth Mackenzie, with issue John, Dugald, and a daughter. John married Flora, daughter of Donald Macrae, of Strath Conan, who also fought in the Jacobite cause at Culloden, and was obliged to leave Scotland for some years after the rebellion. John Matheson had issue two sons, one of them the subject of our sketch, and three daughters. Col. Matheson’s father died while he was a boy, and while attending school at Inverness; he was brought out to Canada at the age of twelve, by his elder brother, and completed his education at a school in Lower Canada. When the war of 1812 broke out, a regiment was raised by the Imperial Government, called the Glengarry Light Infantry Fencibles, and on the 6th Feb., 1812, Roderick Matheson was gazetted senior ensign, and in 1813, he was appointed lieutenant and paymaster. During the war he saw a great deal of active service, being present at the actions of York, Sackett’s Harbor, Cross Roads, Fort George, Lundy’s Lane, and Fort Erie, and in nearly all the engagements on the Niagara frontier. He was twice wounded, once very severely at Sackett’s Harbor, where he was in command of his company. After the war, he was allowed a year’s leave on full pay on account of his wound, and in December, 1816, on the reduction of the army, he was retired on half-pay. In 1817, with a large number of his comrades in arms, he settled at the town of Perth, Ont., then founded, and continued to reside there up to the time of his death, on 13th January, 1873. During the rebellion of 1837, he volunteered with five hundred men for service in Lower Canada, and, as Colonel commanding the First Military District of Upper Canada, he took an active interest in the organization of many of the present volunteer companies in the Ottawa Valley from 1855 to 1863. In 1847, Col. Matheson was appointed a life member of the Legislative Council of Canada, and, on the confederation of the provinces in 1867, he was appointed a Senator of the Dominion. Previous to the appointment of county judges, he was also Chairman of the Quarter Sessions. He married first, Mary, daughter of Captain Robertson, of Inverness, Scotland, who died in 1825; second, in 1830, Anna, daughter of the Rev. James Russell, minister of Gairloch, Ross-shire, Scotland, by whom he had a large family. In politics Col. Matheson was a staunch Conservative.

Peters, Simon, J.P., Builder and Architect, Quebec, was born in Youghal, county Cork, Ireland, on the 18th September, 1815. His father, who died in 1837, had been color-sergeant in H. M. 1st Battalion 60th Regiment, and had seen active service in the memorable battles of Salamanca, Vittoria, and Pampalona. The family had come to Canada some years before the father’s death, and settled in Quebec. The subject of this sketch had but slight educational advantages, being entirely self-taught until over twenty years of age. He was apprenticed to the building trade at the age of sixteen, developing marked talent as a mechanic. In 1836 he left Quebec for New York, where he remained for four years. In 1838 he married Eliza Jane Lamoreux, daughter of the late Abraham Lamoreux, high constable of New York. In the same year he secured his first schooling in the form of a six months’ course of drawing lessons, during which he proved himself an apt and interested scholar. In 1840 he returned to Quebec, where winter was just setting in. Though possessed of little of this world’s goods, Mr. Peters was not dismayed, but by dint of natural ability and hard work, soon made a place for himself. In the winter of 1841-42 he finished his scholastic education with a season’s course in the night classes of the British-Canadian school, under the late Mr. Geggie. He also employed his evenings, for seven years, learning vocal music, and attained a good reputation as a tenor singer at St. Patrick’s Church, and also at concerts for charitable objects. He found good friends in the late Alexander Simpson, cashier of the Bank of Montreal, and Rev. Mr. McMahon. His worldly affairs prospering, he was able to take charge of his widowed mother, sister and four brothers. The brothers became in turn apprenticed to him at the building trade. In 1853 he built a steam sash, door, and blind factory, the first ever built in Quebec. This factory worked continuously until 1864, when it was destroyed, together with a large quantity of lumber. The proprietor’s loss was very heavy, as there was little insurance. Two years later he built the present works on the corner of Grant and Prince Edward streets, known as the St. Charles Steam Saw and Planing Mills, blind, door, sash, box, and car factory, a large and important industry. He constructed the joiner work of the first steamer Quebec, and the steamer Union, plying on the river St. Lawrence. Mr. Peters has reached the topmost round of success in his profession, having been engaged in the construction of a great variety of works, many of them most important. A mere catalogue of some of the chief ones will serve to indicate the wide range of contracts he has undertaken:—Upper Town market-house, gas works, St. Paul street market-house, Wesleyan church, St. Peter’s church, St. Sauveur church, Sisters of Charity church and buildings, Masonic hall, Lévis Episcopal church, music hall, jail and court house at St. Hyacinthe, and also at St. Thomas, Montmagny; Wellington barracks, at Halifax, Nova Scotia; hotel at Tadousac, and the Earl of Dufferin’s house, at the same place. He restored Quebec custom house after the fire; built the wharf and light-house at Point St. Laurent Island of Orleans; also the outer ballast wharf, and the Louise embankment connected with the same, at the mouth of the St. Charles river; the Allan wharf; also a large number of dwellings; notably, Hamwood, Cataraqui, Elmsgrove, Bandon Lodge, Bijou, Sans Bruit, and Sir George Stephens’ elegant house, at Grand Metis, lined and finished inside with British Columbia cedar, brought over by the Canadian Pacific Railway for the purpose. Of fourteen children born, four sons and four daughters remain, all the daughters and two of the sons being married. In religion, Mr. Peters is a Roman Catholic. He has been for years vice-president of the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway Company, as well as a member of the council of the Quebec Board of Trade. He has been a member of St. Patrick’s Society for over twenty-five years, and was its president for the year 1878-1879. He has won his success not by adventitious aids, but is emphatically a self-made man, an honor to Canada, and to the race from which he sprung.

Lawson, John A., Manager Post Office Money Order Department, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born July 23rd, 1842, at Covehead, in that province, and belongs to one of its oldest families. His great-great-grandfather, David Lawson, settled there, coming from Scotland about 1770, his business being the management of the Montgomery estate. David left two sons, and from these spring the Lawsons of Prince Edward Island. The subject of this sketch is the son of William David Lawson, and who lived on the original homestead of the family, where also our subject was born. William David married Isabella, daughter of John Auld, of Covehead, also of Scotch extraction, and the issue of this union was six boys and three girls. Four of the former are now living, the eldest being Rev. S. G. Lawson, a minister of the Presbyterian church and also well known in newspaper circles; Charles Lawson, a merchant of Charlottetown; James D. Lawson, in the civil service, and our subject. John A. received a good English education in the Common and Normal schools of his native province, and upon reaching the age of twenty-one years commenced the arduous life of a teacher, which profession he followed till about twenty-four years of age. The next five years he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, at Mountstewart, relinquishing them only to accept the position which he still holds under the Dominion Government, and which he has filled for fifteen years. In 1864 Mr. Lawson joined the Independent Order of Good Templars, and has always been an energetic and consistent member of that organization. He has held the highest positions in the gift of that body, being Grand Secretary from 1872 to 1884 inclusive. In 1885 he was elected Grand Chief Templar and re-elected to that position in 1886. He is a member of the Masonic craft, being initiated in Victoria Lodge, Charlottetown, in 1876, and for six or seven successive years being its secretary. Politically, Mr. Lawson is a Prohibitionist, although originally belonging to the Conservative party. In religious matters Mr. Lawson has for many years taken an active interest, being identified with the church of his fathers, viz., the Presbyterian, and is an elder in the church he attends. Our subject married in 1865 Sophia, daughter of Charles Coffin, of Savage Harbour, of United Empire Loyalist stock, the family settling in Prince Edward Island about 1780. His family consists of nine children, two boys and seven girls, none of whom have yet arrived at man’s or woman’s estate. Mr. Lawson is a man of kindly disposition, quiet habits, and generous hospitality, consequently he is a general favourite with all who know him.

Tyrwhitt, Lieut.-Col. Richard, Bradford, Ontario, M.P. for South Simcoe, was born in Simcoe county, Ontario, on the 29th of November, 1844. He is of an old English family, his grandfather, whose name he bears, last of Nantyr Hall, Denbighshire, barrister of the Inner Temple, and recorder of Chester. The subject of this sketch was educated at home, under private tutors, until well advanced in the rudimentary branches, and at Barrie Grammar School. He was sent to France to complete his education in the best college there. He spent some years as a collegian at Dinan and Rouen, returning to Canada at the age of eighteen. He engaged in farming, and having the advantage of health, education, and capital, besides an enthusiastic liking for the profession, he has been successful. At the age of twenty-six Mr. Tyrwhitt married Emma Whitaker, second daughter of the former provost of Trinity College. At an early age Mr. Tyrwhitt took an interest in military affairs, and joined the Simcoe (35th) Battalion. In 1864 he took a first-class certificate at the military school, Toronto; in January, 1865, attended the cadet camp at Laprairie, and in 1866 served on the Niagara frontier, during the Fenian raid, as lieutenant. He also took a first-class certificate at the cavalry school, under Colonel Jenyns, in 1870. He soon attained the rank of major, with the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel; is now lieutenant-colonel of the 36th Peel battalion, and commanded the Wimbledon team in 1886. On the death of W. C. Little, who had represented South Simcoe for years, Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt was nominated by the Liberal-Conservatives as a candidate for the House of Commons, and was returned by a majority of 900. The Redistribution Act of 1882 so changed the boundaries of South Simcoe that, instead of being, as it had formerly been, a Conservative stronghold, it became a most evenly balanced constituency. Nevertheless, Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt’s personal popularity, and his clean record, won for him a second time the confidence of the electors. In parliament he proved himself a most painstaking and conscientious representative. When the second North-West rebellion broke out, Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt was among the first to offer his services to the government to assist in suppressing the outbreak. Though doubtless, had he so desired, he might have been named to the command of a battalion, he proved that his sole desire was to serve his country and not to gain applause, by acting as second in command of the York-Simcoe battalion, of which his parliamentary colleague, Lieutenant-Colonel O’Brien, was in command. His soldier-like conduct during the campaign won for Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt the praise of his superiors in rank, and the enthusiastic regard of his men. In the general election of 1887, so great was the popularity of Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt that not only was he nominated to contest his own riding of South Simcoe, but he was deemed the strongest man to contest North York against Mr. Mulock, one of the ablest and most popular men on the Liberal side. Though he was unsuccessful in North York, Lieutenant-Colonel Tyrwhitt carried his own riding by a majority of 1050. There is no man in the House of Commons who is regarded by both friends and foes as more fair-minded, independent and patriotic than Mr. Tyrwhitt. Though a strong partisan, all believe that his course is dictated by conscientious conviction, and an earnest desire to serve the best interests of the country.

Smith, Robert Herbert, of the city of Quebec, is the eldest son of the Rev. Robert Hopton Smith and Jane his wife, who was a daughter of Robert Chapman, of London, England. Mr. Smith was born in the year 1825, at Little Berkhampstead, England, and had the advantages of a private education. In 1851 he came to Canada, and six years afterwards was admitted as a partner into the lumber shipping firm of Benson & Co. Three years later the name of the firm was changed to Roberts, Smith & Co., and again, in 1880, to Smith, Wade & Co. Six years later, Mr. Smith retired from business. In 1869 Mr. Smith was appointed by the Dominion Government a member of the Board of Protestant School Commissioners for the city of Quebec, and in 1870 he received the appointment of warden of the Trinity House in the same city. Mr. Smith has taken an active interest in many benevolent enterprises. Chief among these is St. George’s Society, of which he is a life member, and of which society he was president during the years 1883 and 1884. In 1857 he was married to Amelia Jane, fourth daughter of Henry LeMesurier, of Quebec. He is a member of the Church of England, and at present fills several important public and other offices. He is a member of the Quebec Harbour Commission, a director of the Quebec Bank, and is also chairman of the Quebec Gas Company.

Jennings, Rev. John, D.D., was born at Glasgow, Scotland, in October, 1814. He was the only son of John Jennings, manufacturer, of that city. His parents having died when he was two years of age, his earlier education was received under his uncle, the Rev. John Tindal, of Rathillet, Fifeshire. In early life he showed a great liking for the study of medicine and theology, and entered upon a theological course at St. Andrew’s University, and completed it at the University of Edinburgh. As he determined upon laboring in a foreign field, he further equipped himself by taking a complete course in medicine. In 1838 he was appointed missionary to Canada by the United Presbyterian Church of Cupar. Before setting out for his field of labor he was married, in the same year, to Margaret Cumming, daughter of Robert Cumming, of St. Boswell’s. Arriving in Toronto, the young clergyman was not long in looking about for a congregation. The city of Toronto at that time consisted of about eleven thousand inhabitants. His congregation was at first naturally small, consisting of seven members and twenty-one adherents, and their first place of worship was in a carpenter’s workshop on Newgate (now Adelaide) street. Over this congregation he was inducted as the pastor of the First United Presbyterian church of Toronto, the congregation residing principally to the east of Yonge street and south of Queen street. The growth of the congregation was rapid, and soon they purchased the old Baptist church on Stanley street, but required shortly to find larger premises, and obtained possession of a church built on Richmond street west (close to Yonge street). In a few years still larger premises were required, and the brick church on Bay street was erected, and continued for thirty-six years to be occupied by the same congregation, under his uninterrupted pastorate. In addition to the pastorate of Bay Street Church, Mr. Jennings had arduous labors to perform throughout the western and northern portions of the province as missionary, especially in establishing new stations and preaching to the scattered settlers. In these itinerant labors he had to encounter many difficulties and hardships, but his strong physical frame greatly strengthened him to bear these toils in the cause he held so dear. His knowledge of medicine was an invaluable assistant to him, and many of the scattered settlers were benefited bodily as well as spiritually. One year’s record shows that he travelled in these missionary tours upwards of three thousand miles, almost entirely in the saddle. In acknowledgment of his labors, and several works that he wrote on theological and university subjects, the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the University of New York—the first degree given to a Canadian minister. He was at last obliged, through failing health, to resign his charge as pastor of Bay Street Church, which he had held for thirty-six consecutive years. The congregation reluctantly consented, and manifested its appreciation of the long services he had rendered their church by settling a liberal life-long allowance upon him. Notwithstanding the many and continuous calls upon his time during his long pastorate, Doctor Jennings found time to devote himself to assisting in building up many of the public institutions of the city, more especially in connection with the educational system, and for many years he was a member of the senate of the University and Upper Canada College, Council of Public Instruction and High School Board. He was one of the foremost on the platform and in the press in the discussion which led to the secularization, in 1854, of the clergy reserves, and was also a principal mover in the schemes for the union of the different branches of the Presbyterian church. He was gifted with a winning, cordial disposition; was a clear, forcible preacher, liberal in church and sectarian matters, which made him universally popular with his fellow-citizens of all creeds. His visits to the sick-bed and family circle were especially acceptable. He was fond of all healthy amusements, especially outdoor sports, his own early athletic training having assisted in building up a strong constitution, which in after years stood him in good stead. After the resignation of his charge his health failed rapidly, and in February, 1876, he succumbed to an attack of paralysis, maintaining to the last all his senses. His wife, three sons and four daughters survive him.