IV (part 2)

Wilson, Daniel, LL.D., F.R.S., President of the University of Toronto, was born in the city of Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1816. His father, Archibald Wilson had a large family. One of his sons, Dr. George Wilson, well known as an eminent chemist, was for some time professor of technology in the University of Edinburgh, and died in 1859. Dr. Daniel Wilson, the subject of our sketch, after passing through the High School, entered the University of his native city; and when he had reached his twenty-first year, went to London, England, to push his fortune. After a residence there of several years, during which he relied for support chiefly on the reward of his literary labors, he again turned north, and continued to wield his pen in Edinburgh, where he soon became distinguished for his ardent love for archæological studies. In his twenty-seventh year he came to Canada, at the insistance of the historian Hallam, who, with Lord Elgin, the then governor-general of Canada, warmly recommended the appointment of the young littérateur and zealous secretary of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries to the chair of history and English literature in University College, Toronto. The removal to Canada was a grave step in itself. But it was more than this when it broke in, as it did, upon serious studies pursued with great ardor, severed the dearest ties, social and professional, and withdrew from a promising field of labor one who was not only fast making his way to the front, but whose genuine abilities and true scientific devotion, had he remained in it, would doubtless have gained him rich pecuniary rewards, with many accompanying honors. However, to Canada he came, and one of the interesting as well as valuable souvenirs of his parting with his Scottish friends and scientific associates is a costly service of silver in the learned doctor’s possession, the inscription on which bears the testimony of his associates in the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, “To Dr. Wilson’s intelligent and faithful labors as secretary, and to their admiration of his great learning and genius so successfully devoted to the investigation of the archæology of Scotland.” Devoted student as he was of archæology, and much as he had done in Scotland to enrich the subject by laborious local research, Dr. Wilson, in coming to Canada, found a wide field for its pursuit on the American continent; and much has he assiduously gathered in the interval to add to the stores of information and reasonable conjecture in this interesting branch of science. The fruit of this is abundantly found in important treatises on the subject which have come from his pen, as well as in the many occasional papers contributed to the scientific journals and transactions of learned societies in both hemispheres. The number and bulk of the latter would fill many portly volumes, and are in themselves a monument of intellectual labor. In the brief space at our disposal we can give but a bald enumeration of the more important works which have come from Dr. Wilson’s pen. The first of these was “Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time,” a work in two volumes, published in 1847, with illustrations from the author’s facile pencil. This interesting work, with his “Reminiscences of Old Edinburgh,” published in 1878, reveal Dr. Wilson’s tastes as an antiquary and his varied accomplishments in undertaking the work of tracing the history, antiquities and local traditions of the Scottish metropolis. A contemporary critic affirms of the first of these books, that “these volumes will do the author honor in his native city so long as the ancient capital of Scotland stands.” In 1851 appeared a kindred but more ambitious work in the wider field of Scottish antiquities, entitled “The Archæology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.” This scholarly and elaborate production drew from the historian Hallam the criticism that it was the most scientific treatment of the archæological evidences of primitive history which had ever been written. The reviewers were also equally laudatory, a high authority saying that the work was “full of original views, bearing everywhere the stamp of independent investigation and of an independent judgment,” and calculated “to form an epoch in the study of the earlier antiquities of Scotland and of Britain at large.” Another competent authority speaks of this work as “one of extraordinary merit, particularly in the lucidity of its scientific combinations and inductions, the charm of its style, and the perfect fidelity of its many pictorial illustrations.” A second edition being called for, the author in 1863 republished the work, with large additions and a careful revision, under the shorter title of “Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.” The term “Prehistoric” in its earlier use, in 1851, it may be worth noting, was, we believe, a coinage of the author’s; he, at least, was the first to bring the word into vogue. In 1863 also appeared what may be considered the author’s magnum opus, a work embodying the results of researches in archæology and ethnology in both hemispheres, and of which two subsequent editions, considerably re-written, have appeared. Of this production, which bears the title of “Prehistoric Man: Researches into the Origin of Civilisation in the Old and the New Worlds,” the Edinburgh Witness at the time under the editorship of the geologist, Hugh Miller, remarks that “the topic is not only vast in range, complex in material, and difficult from its nature, but brings the man who ventures to discuss it into contact with momentous and perplexing questions touching the origin of civilisation, the unity of the human race, and the time during which man has been a denizen of this planet. Dr. Wilson proves himself at all points equal to his task.” This emphatic verdict has been endorsed in other eminent quarters, and high commendation passed upon the book, not only for its scientific value, but for the attractiveness of its literary style. To these works have to be added three volumes, which, though notable in themselves, by no means represent the bulk of Dr. Wilson’s purely literary labors. They are respectively entitled “Chatterton: a Biographical Study” (1869); “Caliban, the Missing Link” (1873); and “Spring Wild Flowers,” a volume of graceful verse. In the Chatterton biography, the author has lovingly gathered all that is worthy of record in the career of the ill-fated Bristol dreamer; and the volume is the best tribute known to us to the young poet’s genius. “Caliban” is an interesting Shakespearian study, combining great imaginative power with a strong critical faculty, and giving the reader much curious information, with not a little fanciful disquisition, on the Evolution theory. The little volume dedicated to the Muses, of which two editions have appeared, emphasises the twin sisterhood of Science and Poetry, and enshrines some thoughtful lines on religious and moral subjects, with several happy examples of lighter verse. In addition to these published works, a whole library of contributions from the author’s pen is scattered through the “Proceedings” of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the London Anthropological Institute, the Edinburgh Philosophical Institution, the British and American Associations for the Advancement of Science; the “Journal” of the Canadian Institute (for some years edited by Dr. Wilson); and the “Transactions” of the Royal Society of Canada. Of this latter society, to the vice-presidency of the literature section of which Dr. Wilson was nominated by its founder, the Marquis of Lorne: the doctor has been the chief working supporter, and to it has contributed many valuable papers, both in literature and science. To the present (ninth), as well as to the earlier (eighth), edition of the “Encyclopædia Britannica,” Dr. Wilson has also been an extensive contributor. In the current edition, the articles on “Canada,” “Confederation,” and “Toronto” are from his pen, as are the biographical articles on “Ferguson” and “Chatterton”; while the article on “Edinburgh,” it is understood, was written by him, and, oddly enough, was sent to Scotland from Toronto. Besides this mass of literary work, a number of contributions from the same source, on literary and historical subjects, with a good many reviews, art critiques, and academical addresses, have from time to time appeared in the pages of the “Canadian Monthly,” the “Canada Educational Monthly,” The Week, and other native journals. These, with other important philanthropic and Christian labors in Toronto, covering the period of half a lifetime, bear witness to Dr. Wilson’s untiring industry, and the force and range of his mental powers, as well as mark the nobleness of his personal character. A sketch, however brief, of the life and work of Dr. Wilson would be singularly incomplete which contained no reference to his labors as an educationist, and to his onerous duties in University College, both as professor and since 1881, when he succeeded Dr. McCaul, as its executive head. In some respects, and perhaps with truth, it may be said that Dr. Wilson would have done more justice to himself if he had made a choice in his life’s work between literature and science rather than, as he has done, given the prose side of his mind to archæological studies, and reserved its poetical side for literature. But the financial circumstances of the institution with which he has been so long connected, made this from the first impossible, and compelled him, laboriously and ardently, to toil on in dual and somewhat incongruous fields of work. With the result, however, no one can reasonably quarrel, for in both fields it must be said he has acquitted himself well and won merited fame. He who would trace Dr. Wilson’s life in the sphere of his academic labors must do so with real enthusiasm, with loving sympathy, and with hearty admiration for the scholar and the man. His lifelong interest in Toronto University, the many sacrifices he has made for it, his devotion to the subjects he has so ably taught in the college, and his inspiring and elevating influence upon the students who have successively come under his care, are matters that require little dwelling upon by any local pen. Nor is there need to say a word to any graduate, of the college at any rate, of the learned doctor’s ever ready courtesy, of his kindness of heart, of his simplicity of character, or of his high moral worth. Testimony to these and other lovable qualities in the president of University College is, we are sure, as abundant as testimony is emphatic to the learning and genius of their gifted possessor. If the state, strangely enough, has done little to mark Dr. Wilson’s services, both to science and education, throughout a long and unwearying life, he has at least this consolation, that, among those who have had the honor of personally knowing him, appreciation of their number and worth lies deep in every breast. The passing years have dealt kindly with the subject of this brief sketch; the figure, always spare, is still erect, and the step has lost little in the march of time of its early elasticity. The eyes look at you with the old-time keen, rapid glance; and there is the same kindly note in the voice, which rises and falls with that familiar, soft, measured cadence, which belongs distinctively to those who hail from the Scottish metropolis. For thirty-five years President Wilson has been connected with the University and College of Toronto, and has given to that institution the abundant fruitage of a rich, matured, and industrious life. During that long period, though he has daily gone in and out among almost all classes of the people of Toronto, and in many ways has contributed to the intellectual life and to the enriching of the scientific thought of Canada, and, indeed, of the continent, there are not many, we fear, outside of academic circles who recognise the genius, the learning, and the pre-eminent abilities of Dr. Wilson, or who appreciate him as a man at his true worth. In a general way the few in Toronto may know him as a learned scientist, and perhaps as an accomplished littérateur; but to the mass of his fellow-citizens he is little more than a prominent educationist, and the head of the national university. If this statement seems unfair, let us ask, how many know of his great reputation and high recognised status in the first scientific circles of the Old World, or who think of him in the light of his deserts—as one of the foremost men of the age in his own special departments of archæological and ethnological science? Canada as yet has not been fertile in great men; but here doubtless is one, if we are to take the measure of his worth not only from his books, though these undoubtedly are an author’s best and truest memorial, but from the estimation in which he is held in high scientific circles abroad, and the unsought honors conferred upon him by many of the learned societies of Europe. Only eminent services to science could have secured him the recognition of crowned heads and the issue of royal diplomas setting forth these services, with enrolment among the distinguished honorary members of the great scientific societies and learned institutions of the mother land, and of France, Italy, and Denmark. Dr. Wilson has now reached the evening of his days, and as the lengthening shadows fall athwart him and his labors, the writer of this, with many who love him, may well wish that a life so singularly pure and worthy may be prolonged and continued for many years yet at the service of his adopted country. But when the line of the allotted span has been crossed, wishes we know must be vain; and the granite shaft in yonder cemetery, with its touchingly beautiful tribute “to the wife of his youth,” who “was the bright sunshine of a long and happy life,” is a monition which neither he nor any wise friend can disregard, however distant all may wish the day when the Master’s summons shall come to one who has been eminently faithful, and the sombre curtain shall drop for ever upon his work.

Miller, John Stewart, Centreville, Ontario, Treasurer of the Township of Camden, M.P.P. for Addington, was born on the 17th September, 1844, in the township of Camden, county of Addington. He is the only son of Thomas Miller and Christina Madden. The family came originally from Ireland and settled in New England. During the revolutionary war they left that country and moved to Three Rivers, and subsequently, in 1790, took up their abode in the Bay of Quinté. He received his primary education in the schools of his native place, and then entered the Commercial College at Belleville, where he graduated in 1871. He then began farming on the homestead, lot No. 30, seventh concession of Camden, and here he continued his agricultural pursuits until 1886. In 1883 Mr. Miller began with a partner, business as a general merchant in the village of Centreville, and is still engaged in mercantile pursuits. He has taken a deep interest in military affairs, and in 1879 held the rank of lieutenant in the 48th battalion, and on the disbandment of this corps became attached to the 47th battalion. In 1875 he was appointed clerk of Camden township, and on resigning this office in 1886, received the appointment of treasurer of the same township, and this office he still holds. He joined the Orange Association in 1864, and served as county master in 1878-9. He became a member of Prince of Wales lodge, No. 146, of the Free and Accepted Masons in 1869; assisted in organizing Victoria lodge, No. 229, and was its master in 1870-71; and in 1883 he helped to organize Lorne lodge, No. 404, and was elected its first master, holding the office for three years. Mr. Miller has always taken an active interest in politics, and in 1880 was elected secretary-treasurer of the Liberal-Conservative Association of Addington. He presented himself in 1886 for parliamentary honors, and in December of the same year was elected to represent his native county in the Ontario legislature by a handsome majority over his opponent. In politics, as will be seen above, Mr. Miller is a Liberal-Conservative. His mother joined the Methodist church in 1828—who, by the way, is still alive, and a member of the same church—and the son is connected with the same religious body. He has been twice married; first, in 1871, to Carrie, second daughter of James Hawley. She died on the 24th February, 1874. He married, the second time, in 1877, Anne, eldest daughter of the late Robert Robertson, of Kingston.

Choquette, Philippe Auguste, LL.B., Advocate, Montmagny, Quebec province, M.P. for the county of Montmagny, was born on the 6th January, 1854, at Belœil, county of Verchères. His ancestors came from Amiens, Picardie, France, in 1643, and settled in Varennes, in the county where the subject of our sketch was born. His parents were Joseph Choquette, farmer, and Marie Thaïs Audet. He received his education at St. Hyacinthe College, and at Laval University, Quebec, and graduated B.C.L. from the latter institution in 1880, having previously taken the silver medal given by the governor-general, Lord Lorne. While he was prosecuting his studies at Laval, he acted as private secretary to the Hon. Honoré Mercier, then solicitor-general in the Joly administration, and now premier of Quebec province. He held, for about three years and a half, the position of book-keeper in a wholesale boot and shoe establishment in St. Hyacinthe before he began to study law. He then returned to Quebec in 1877, and entered the office of the Hon. François Langelier, M.P., and mayor of Quebec, to study law. After being admitted to the bar of Lower Canada in 1880, he removed to Montmagny, where he successfully practised his profession. Since 1877 he has been a contributor to L’Union, of St. Hyacinthe, and L’Electeur, of Quebec; and was publisher of La Sentinelle, a weekly paper at Montmagny, during the years 1883 and 1884. In 1878 he began to take an active part in politics; and in 1882 he ran for a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa against A. C. P. R. Landry, the Conservative candidate, but was defeated by a majority of 120 votes. At the general election held in 1887 he again presented himself in opposition to Mr. Landry, and this time carried his election by a majority of 193 votes. Mr. Choquette has travelled through the principal parts of the United States. He has been secretary of the Reform Club of the county of Montmagny since 1881. In politics he is a strong Liberal, a free trader, in favor of commercial union, and would not object to annexation to the United States. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, but objects to the clergy interfering and mixing in political contests. On the 29th August, 1883, he was married to Marie, daughter of A. Bender, prothonotary of the Superior Court, and granddaughter of the late Sir E. P. Taché baronet, A.D.C. to her Majesty the Queen, and one of the promoters of confederation.

Méthot, Right Rev. Michel Edouard, A.M., D.D., Quebec, Domestic Prelate of his Holiness, also Professor of Literature at Laval University, and of Moral Theology at the Grand Seminary of Quebec, member of the Archiepiscopal Curia of Quebec, was born on the 28th July, 1826, in the parish of Ste. Croix, county of Lotbinière, province of Quebec. His parents were Joseph Méthot, farmer, and Marie Xavier Desrochers. In 1839 he entered the Little Seminary of Quebec, where he followed the literary and scientific course of that institution. In 1847, having completed a classical course of instruction, he entered the Grand Seminary of Quebec, and went through a course of theology, being admitted to the holy orders in 1849. It may truly be said that Monsignor Méthot has devoted his entire life to the education of the youth of his country, teaching at first in the Little Seminary of Quebec, and then successively at the Grand Seminary and at Laval University, where he gave a public course of literature. He was also prefect of studies for ten years at the Little Seminary, twice director of the Grand Seminary, librarian of Laval University, and lastly, superior of the Seminary and rector of the University for seven years. He was the first vice-rector of the branch of Laval University in Montreal, which positions he resigned at the end of the academic year 1886-7 owing to ill-health. He visited Europe twice, the first time in 1860, when he went to England, France, and Italy. Our readers need not be surprised if we tell them that Monsignor Méthot visited the principal institutions of learning, colleges, museums, the most celebrated libraries, and monuments of arts of those countries, his taste and eagerness for learning leading him to choose those attractions in preference to all others. In 1866, having obtained leave of absence to recuperate from the exhausting labor of teaching, he crossed the Atlantic a second time and passed a whole year in Belgium. Rest, however, consisted in further studies. On his arrival in Belgium he went to the Catholic University of Louvain and applied himself to the study of theology, scriptures, and ecclesiastical history in that celebrated institution of learning. He has contributed to the newspaper and periodical press of the Province of Quebec several articles, biographical sketches and literary essays, which will help the historian of the future to write accurately the history of our Dominion. Mgr. Méthot was elevated to the dignity of domestic prelate by his Holiness Pope Leo XIII. in 1887.

Cloran, Henry Joseph, B.C.L., Barrister, Montreal, was born in that city on the 8th May, 1855. His father and mother are both Irish. The former, Joseph Cloran, is a native of county Galway, and the latter, Ann Kennedy, is from county Limerick. Having received his primary education in the Christian Brothers’ School at home, and passed a year in the public schools of New York, he entered the Montreal College in 1868, where he made a complete and successful course of classical studies. On graduating from college in 1875, he left for Europe, where during three years he prosecuted a course of scientific, philosophical and theological studies in the celebrated college of St. Sulpice, in Paris. During his sojourn in Europe he visited Italy, Switzerland, France, England and Ireland, and returned to Canada strongly equipped for the combats of the future with an extensive stock of knowledge, and a precious ensemble of information on the Irish question and general European politics. On his return home, Mr. Cloran filled for a year a professorship of English literature in his alma mater, the Montreal College. He then took a course of law in the Universities of Laval and McGill, and graduated from the latter with the degree of B.C.L. He studied in the offices of the eminent legal firm of the late Edward Carter, Q.C.; Hon. R. Church, now judge of the Court of Queen’s Bench; and of Hon. J. A. Chapleau, ex-premier of Quebec, and now Secretary of State. At the close of his law studies, the editorship of the Montreal Post and of the True Witness became vacant in 1882 by the resignation of J. C. Fleming. This responsible and important position was offered to Mr. Cloran, who accepted, and then commenced a journalistic career which has been crowned with marked success. We have no need to dwell upon the cleverness, judgment and ability displayed by Mr. Cloran in the functions of editor, nor upon the success he achieved. The Post is the only Irish daily paper in America, and he made it the organ of Irish Canadian opinion, esteemed by friends and feared by foes. The articles from Mr. Cloran’s pen have been widely reproduced and commented on by the leading papers in Canada and the United States, and even in the European press. In 1886 when the board of directors wished to give the support of the Post to certain Tory candidates in the general provincial elections of that year, the young editor declined to obey their mandate, and rather than write a single line inconsistent with his convictions, he threw up the editorship of the paper. Mr. Cloran is a man of principle, and has on all occasions the courage of his convictions. There is no hypocrisy in his nature; he is at all times manly and straightforward. Animated by no prejudice, he bends and yields to none. His public opinions are also his private ones—a trait which is not always to be discovered in the character of public men. He is an ardent lover of fair play, and finds his pleasure in championing the cause of the weak and the wronged. An Irish Canadian, and an uncompromising Home Ruler, like all patriotic Irishmen, he ranks among the number of those broad and liberal minds who do not shut themselves up in the narrow circle of an exclusive programme. The cause of the half breeds of the North-West—which is, after all, the same in many respects as that of the Irish people—naturally found in Mr. Cloran a willing and earnest advocate. His attitude on the North-West and Riel questions was inspired by the purest and most patriotic of motives. Living in the midst of French Canadians, whose friend he is, and a patriot from a Canadian as well as an Irish standpoint, Mr. Cloran rightly believed he was consistent with himself in joining with them in the province of Quebec to defend provincial rights and autonomy. He finds, with much reason, that Home Rule, if it is good for Ireland, is equally good for Canada; and he has in consequence labored with all liberal minds for the cause of provincial autonomy, which is, in Canada, the condition necessary to ensure union and harmony among the different races, and consequently the condition essential to the future grandeur and prosperity of our country. Mr. Cloran’s public and political career began on the 16th November, 1885, when he was unanimously chosen at a meeting of citizens, jointly with George H. Duhamel, now the solicitor-general of the province, to fill the position of secretary to the national movement that was inaugurated to secure the defeat and overthrow of Sir John A. Macdonald’s government, for the mal-administration of the North-West Territories, and the execution of the leader of the half breeds. He took a prominent part in the historic mass meeting of fifty thousand people assembled, from all parts of the province, on the Champ de Mars, Montreal, where he distinguished himself at one bound as an orator capable of speaking in both the French and English languages. He went through the famous winter campaign of 1886, and during the late provincial elections he fought a brilliant and victorious battle in company with Messrs. Laurier, Mercier, Bellerose, Duhamel and Bergeron, which resulted in the final overthrow of the old Conservative government, and the general break-up of the Tory and “Bleu” party which had controlled the destinies of Quebec almost uninterruptedly since confederation. No one contributed more to the establishment of the National administration of Hon. Honoré Mercier in Quebec than Mr. Cloran. There was not a National candidate who made a vain appeal to him for assistance. Always in the breach, and always at the disposal of his friends, Mr. Cloran covered almost the entire province; he addressed mass meetings in over forty counties, and everywhere he appeared he won the esteem and the confidence of the people who heard him. In the short space of one year he became one of the most popular orators, and one of the political lights of the province. Mr. Cloran placed himself at the service of the Liberal party to fight out the election campaign in Ontario, and put down the “No Popery” brigade in favor of the Mowat administration, which carried the standard of honest government and of civil and religious liberty. He took an active part in the struggle in the counties of Glengarry, Stormont and Prescott, where the three Liberal candidates were elected by large majorities. In showing no hesitation to go to Ontario to assist the Liberal government of Mr. Mowat, Mr. Cloran and his Quebec friends contributed much towards giving its true signification to the National movement. They clearly proved thereby that in the minds of none of them there never was harbored the slightest thought of a war of races, as was pretended by the Tory press and speakers; that far from attempting to divide and separate the different races, they were, on the contrary, ready and willing to strengthen more firmly than ever the bonds that unite us from one end to the other of the Dominion, irrespective of race and creed. In the general elections of 1887 for the House of Commons at Ottawa, Mr. Cloran was selected by the Liberal party as their standard bearer for Montreal Centre, one of the largest and most important constituencies in the Dominion. Although defeated, he almost doubled the Liberal vote given in the election of 1882, and succeeded in reducing the previous majority of his opponent, J. J. Curran, Q.C., M.P., by some five hundred votes. Before becoming one of our most noted public men, Mr. Cloran had occasion, at different times, to give proof of his energy and ability in occupying honorary positions in a number of literary, athletic and national and other organisations to which he was called by the confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. It was thus that he was elected president of the Catholic Young Men’s Society, of Montreal, in 1880 and 1881. He was chosen secretary of the Parnell Reception Committee, which was the grandest accorded the great Irish leader in his memorable visit to America seven years ago. He has filled the office of president of the Press Association of the province of Quebec. An amateur of Canadian sports, he is the president of the renowned Shamrock Lacrosse Club. A Home Ruler, he is president of the Montreal branch of the Irish National League. He was a delegate to the Irish National Convention at Chicago in 1886, where he distinguished himself by two eloquent speeches. He was chairman of the organisation that gave Michael Davitt, the father of the League, a reception which has never been surpassed for brilliancy and enthusiasm. He is first vice-president of the St. Patrick’s Society; and is a director of the Montreal Diocesan Colonization Society, under the presidency of his Grace Mgr. Fabre. At the convention of the Young Liberals of the Dominion, held last July, he was elected as the Irish representative from Quebec province on the executive committee. Mr. Cloran was also a delegate to the Central Trades and Labor Council, in the foundation of which he took an active part. Since his début in public life he has not ceased to interest himself in the welfare of the working classes. His pen and voice were always at their service. He was also the chief organiser of the immense popular demonstrations and receptions accorded to William O’Brien, M.P., editor of United Ireland, on the memorable occasion of the latter’s visit to Montreal. Having abandoned journalism, he prepared himself for the bar, and on the 7th July, 1887, after a severe and brilliant examination, he was admitted with honors to the practice of the law. Although still young in years Mr. Cloran has acquired much valuable experience, and, as has been seen, has played an honorable and influential rôle in society, and has rendered distinguished service to his country. Mr. Cloran married, in 1882, Agnes, the third daughter of Michael Donovan, a leading Irish citizen and business man of Montreal, and for years president of the St. Patrick’s Society, and of the Irish National League.

Edwards, William Cameron, Manufacturer of Lumber, Rockland, Ontario, M.P. for the county of Russell, was born in the township of Clarence, Russell county, in 1844. His father, William Edwards, was a native of Portsmouth, England, and came to Canada about 1820, and settled in Clarence township. Here, for a long period, he took a leading part in all movements intended for the advancement of the district in which he resided, and was for over twenty years reeve of the township. The mother of the subject of our sketch, Ann Cameron, was a native of Fort William, Scotland. William was educated in the Ottawa Grammar School, and when he had reached the age of nineteen was employed by Cameron & Edwards, lumbermen, of Thurso, and here he remained for a number of years. In 1868 he joined in a partnership with James Wood, and they, having built a small steam sawmill at Rockland, on the Ottawa river, commenced the lumber business under the firm name of W. C. Edwards & Co. The business having proved successful, in 1871 Cameron & Edwards gave up their establishment at Thurso, and threw in their lot with W. C. Edwards & Co., at Rockland. A large mill was then erected, and their business steadily increased. In 1875 a fire visited the locality, and unfortunately destroyed the whole premises of the firm, including mills, docks, buildings, plant, and indeed everything pertaining to the establishment, and besides a large stock of sawn lumber. And to add to this misfortune, the amount of their insurance did not cover one-third of the loss. Nothing daunted, the firm went to work, the same year, to rebuild, and in the spring of 1876 they were at work again. Since this time their business has largely increased, and the firm now give employment to a great number of hands. Previous to the opening of the mills at Rockland there were only two or three houses in the place; but to-day the village has a population of about fifteen hundred; is incorporated; and has a post office, telegraph office, stores, school house, churches, a good public hall, a division court, etc. Mr. Edwards has always been the sole manager of the firm’s business, and, as may be seen, has very successfully conducted its affairs. In 1866 he succeeded in forming the Thurso infantry company, and for three years, up to his leaving the village, was captain of this company. He has been for many years a justice of the peace, and has also been reeve of the village of Rockland. During the past four years he has been president of the County of Russell Agricultural Society, and has done considerable towards promoting the improvement of stock and the general advancement of agriculture in the county. He is a Liberal in politics, and in 1882 he unsuccessfully contested Russell for a seat in the House of Commons against Moss Kent Dickinson. Again at the last general election he entered the field, and was elected by a majority of 156 votes over C. H. McIntosh, who opposed him. Mr. Edwards is an adherent of the Baptist church. In 1885 he was married to Catherine M., eldest daughter of William Wilson, of Cumberland, Ontario, who for many years has been the leading business man of his township, and over twenty years its reeve, and a justice of the peace.

Jones, Sir David, Brockville.—The late Sir David Jones, who was born in 1794, died on the 23rd August, 1838, at Brockville, Ontario, where he and his family long resided. Few men were more respected, and none could be held in higher estimation by his countrymen. He was an uncompromising supporter of British interests. On visiting England in 1835, as agent of the Brockville Loan and Trust Company, he received the honor of knighthood from His Majesty William IV., at Windsor Castle, being the first native of Ontario who had the honor of receiving so distinguished a mark of royal favor. Sir David died after an illness of only five days, and his early demise cast a gloom over his native place.

Kemble, William, Quebec.—This talented journalist was a native of Surrey, England, and a member of a distinguished mercantile family in London, one of whom, at the time of Mr. Kemble’s death, was a member of the Imperial parliament, for the county above mentioned. He was born in 1781, and died at Quebec, on the 25th February, 1845. While editing the Quebec Mercury, from 1823 to 1842, he greatly distinguished himself as a writer, and the spirit and raciness that characterized his writings will long be remembered by his confrères of the press. His talents were of a high order. He was also a generous contributor to many periodicals, including the then celebrated “Simmond’s Colonial Magazine,” of London, England.

McMicken, Hon. Gilbert, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, England, is a native of England, having been born in London in 1813, but was from earliest infancy brought up in Glenluce, Wigtonshire, Scotland, of which country, his father was a native. He left Scotland in 1832, and landed at the port of Quebec on the 1st July of the same year. He proceeded to Montreal, and remained there about three weeks, and then went to Toronto (then Little York). From Toronto he removed, in September, to Chippewa, and engaged in the forwarding business. In July, 1838, he was appointed collector of customs, at Queenston, and subsequently held the same office at Suspension Bridge, near Niagara Falls. In 1851 was warden of the united counties of Lincoln and Welland; and was the first mayor of Clifton, and served for several subsequent terms in the same office. In 1857 Mr. McMicken entered the political field, and was elected to represent the county of Welland in the parliament of Canada, which he did for four years. In 1860 he moved to the county of Essex; and in 1864 was appointed stipendiary magistrate with jurisdiction over the whole Western Canada frontier, and in this capacity he successfully quieted frontier excitement, especially in the cities of Detroit and Buffalo, and afterwards received the special thanks of Lord Monck, the then governor-general of Canada, for his services on this occasion. He managed the extradition of Burley, for piracy on lake Erie; and also adjudicated upon and extradited the parties in the two celebrated express robbery cases of Reno and Anderson and of Morton and Thomson. He discovered and arranged the settlement of the disputed line of international boundary at the St. Clair flats canal. In 1865 Mr. McMicken was specially charged to watch over the Fenian movement in the United States in that year, and continued to do so until their last efforts at invasion failed in 1870. During these exciting times, and on the occasion of the murder of T. D’Arcy McGee, on Sparks street, Ottawa, he had committed to his care the government and parliament buildings in that city, and the persons of the members of the government and of parliament then at the capital; and protected, by convoy, the persons of Black, Richot and Scott, delegates from Manitoba, from the United States to Ottawa, during the first troubles in the North-West. In 1869 he was appointed to accompany his Royal Highness Prince Arthur, and his suite, with Governor-General Young, Lady Young, and Colonel Elphinstone, in their tour through Ontario, thence to Montreal, and then on to Ottawa, and for the valuable services rendered the party he received the special thanks of Prince Arthur, accompanied by a valuable souvenir. In 1871 he was made agent of the Dominion lands in Manitoba, and assistant receiver-general, Dominion auditor, manager of the Dominion savings banks, and immigration agent. In the same year he was instrumental in preventing a rising of the Metis when the Fenians offered to come over from the United States to help them. From 1874 to 1877 he was the acting inspector of the Manitoba Penitentiary, and in the latter year he retired from the government service on a pension, having served the Dominion faithfully and well. In 1879 he was elected to represent Cartier in the Manitoba legislature, was chosen speaker of that body, and retired from political life on the dissolution of the parliament in 1883. In 1879 he was appointed agent of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of London, England, and this position he still holds. Though greatly advanced in age, he is still hale and hearty, and a good many years of usefulness are still apparently before him. Hon Mr. McMicken married at Chippewa, on the 19th February, 1835, Ann Theresa, grand-daughter of Commodore Grant.

Masson, Lt.-Colonel Louis François Roderique, ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Terrebonne, on November 7th, 1833. He is the fourth son of Hon. Joseph Masson, a member of the Legislative Council of Canada, at the time of his death, and M. G. Sophie Raymond, of Laprairie. Mrs. Masson died in 1883, at Terrebonne, where she was buried. The ceremonies of her funeral were very impressive, the archbishop of Montreal officiating; the musical service, under the leadership of Professor Guillaume Couture, of Montreal, with a select choir of forty male voices, was the grandest ever performed in the country. Besides distributing a considerable fortune to her children and relatives, she left princely legacies to various charitable institutions, the Deaf Mute Institution of Montreal receiving for its share a sum of $20,000. The ancestors of Mr. Masson came to Canada very early, and settled originally in Saint Eustache. At the present time the ramifications of the family spread over the whole province of Quebec. The subject of our sketch was educated at the Jesuits’ College, Georgetown, Worcester, Mass., and at St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, where he completed his classical studies. During this period he travelled for two years through Europe and the Holy Land, in company with that distinguished scholar, Rev. Mr. Désaulniers, of St. Hyacinthe College. Their tour lasted twenty four months, and was productive of immense benefit to young Masson, both in a physical and mental point of view. At the conclusion of his classical course he entered the law office of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier, in Montreal, where he resided three years, and in November, 1859, he was admitted to the bar. He never, however, practised his profession. Since October, 1862, he has held a commission in the Canadian volunteer force. On August 21st, 1863, he was appointed brigade-major 8th military district of Lower Canada, doing active duty on the frontier during the first Fenian raid, March, 1866; and also during the second raid in the same year, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1867. Colonel Masson has held various offices in the municipality of his native town, and was mayor of Terrebonne in 1874. In 1867 he was first elected to parliament as representative for the county of Terrebonne, and at every subsequent election he was re-elected by acclamation. He is perhaps the most popular man in the province of Quebec among his constituents. He is a Conservative, and stands very high in the estimation of his chiefs. In 1873 he was offered a seat in the Macdonald cabinet, but declined; the outspoken views he held on the amnesty for political offences in Manitoba, and on the settlement of the New Brunswick mixed schools question, forbade his acceptance of the honour proffered, unless he should make a sacrifice of principles. He is in favour of a reciprocity treaty with the United States, provided Canada is able to get equitable terms; of a moderately protective tariff, and he always advocated the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway wholly on Canadian soil. In 1878, when the Mackenzie administration resigned, Mr. Masson, who was travelling in Europe, was offered a portfolio in the new cabinet, and he sailed immediately for Canada. On his arrival (19th October), he was sworn in a member of her Majesty’s Privy Council and minister of militia and defence. Under his energetic administration numerous improvements and useful changes were effected in the Canadian militia organization,—more especially the establishment of drill associations in educational institutions, the supply of military clothes from Canadian manufacture, the manufacturing in the country of gunpowder, cartridges, heavy guns, etc. For reasons of health he was forced to discontinue the arduous labours he had undertaken, and on the 16th January, 1880, he resigned his position of minister of militia and defence, and was appointed president of the Privy Council. Mr. Masson resigned his seat in the cabinet in 1880, and in 1882 was called to the Senate. In 1884 he was appointed a member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and he held that position until the 7th November, 1884, when he resigned, to assume the duties of lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec. In 1856 Col. Masson married Louise Rachel, eldest daughter of Lieut.-Col. Alexander Mackenzie, and granddaughter of Hon. Roderique Mackenzie, once a member of the Legislative Council of Canada, and a partner in the North-West Fur Company; by this marriage he had issue five children, three sons and two daughters. Mrs. Masson died, and in 1884 he married his second wife, Cécile Burroughs, eldest daughter of John H. Burroughs, prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Canada.

Belleau, Sir Narcisse, K.C.M.G., Q.C., ex-Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Quebec, was born on the 20th October, 1808, in the city of Quebec, where he was educated, and where he still resides. Shortly after leaving school he chose law as a profession, and soon built up a lucrative business. Being a public spirited gentleman, he took an active part in municipal affairs, and in 1860, when the Prince of Wales visited Canada, Mr. Belleau was mayor of Quebec, and on this auspicious occasion he had the honour of knighthood conferred upon him. He entered the Legislative Council in 1852, soon made his mark there, and in 1857 was elected speaker of that body. This elevated position he retained until 1862, when he received the appointment of minister of agriculture in the Cartier-Macdonald administration. In 1865 he was persuaded to undertake the responsible duties of premier and receiver-general, and held these important offices until appointed lieutenant-governor of the province of Quebec in 1867. Sir Narcisse took an active part in all the most celebrated trials at this time in contested election cases, and his voice was no insignificant one in all and more than peculiarly delicate questions which so frequently arose during the time he was speaker of the upper house before confederation. As a legal adviser in civil cases he had few compeers at the time of his practising in Quebec that were recognized as his equal, still less his superior. Though now well advanced in years he still possesses a large circle of friends inside and outside of politics, and is a gentleman highly respected in his native city. His excellency Señor Don Boniface de Blas, minister of foreign affairs, by order and in the name of his Majesty the King of Spain, for services rendered on the occasion of the projected invasion of Cuba by the filibusters, conferred upon him the dignity of commander and grand officer of the royal order of Isabella la Catolica, in 1872, and on the 24th May, 1879, he had the still higher honour conferred upon him of being made a knight commander of the order of St. Michael and St. George, by her Majesty Queen Victoria, at the hands of the Marquis of Lorne, late governor-general, in the presence of her Royal Highness the Princess Louise. Sir Narcisse Belleau, now an old man, can look back on his past record as barrister, mayor, speaker of the Legislative Council, minister of agriculture, receiver-general, premier and lieutenant-governor of his native province, with satisfaction—having filled these high offices with credit to himself and honour to his country—and enjoy the remainder of his days as a public benefactor and a humane sympathetic Christian gentleman should always be able to do. On the 15th September, 1835, Sir Narcisse was married to Mary, daughter of the late L. Gauvreau, at one time a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. There is no issue by the marriage.

Desaulniers, François Sévère Lesieur, B.C.L., Yamachiche, M.P. for St. Maurice, Quebec Province. The subject of this sketch is a member of one of the oldest, most well known and respectable families of the province of Quebec—the Desaulniers having come from France to Canada some time during the seventeenth century (1642), and settled in the district of Three Rivers. He is descended from Charles Lesieur, who was a notary royal and solicitor general under the French government, and of Françoise de Lafond, a niece of Pierre Boucher, the illustrious governor of Three Rivers under the government of M. de Mésy (1663). Mr. Desaulniers is the son of the late François Lesieur Desaulniers, and of the late Marguerite Pothier, and was born at Yamachiche on the 19th September, 1850. He received his education at Nicolet College, an institution to which both church and state are greatly indebted for having produced many citizens who distinguish themselves in the various walks of public life. After successfully passing his examinations, Mr. Desaulniers was admitted to the bar on the 13th January, 1879, at Three Rivers, and is now a member of the legal firm of Desilets, Desaulniers & Duplessis of that city. But his love for journalism was evidently greater than for the law, for we meet him, while studying law, editing the Constitutionnel at Three Rivers, a journal founded by one of the most distinguished French Canadian writers, the late Hon. E. Gérin, legislative councillor. Later on, from 1875 to 1877, we find him in Quebec, as assistant editor of Le Canadien, whilst he contributed several editorials and political articles to the Revue Canadienne of Montreal, to Le Foyer Domestique of Ottawa, as well as to several other papers. Mr. Desaulniers’ political career began in 1878, when he was, for the first time, returned to the Quebec parliament, at the general elections, for his native county, St. Maurice, P.Q. He was elected by a majority of 245 votes over his opponent, L. A. Lord. At the general elections of 1881 he was re-elected for the same constituency by a majority of 110 votes over S. J. Remington. While in the Quebec parliament he was a moderate Liberal-Conservative, and a strong supporter of the conciliatory and moderate policy inaugurated by the Chapleau government. In 1886, at the late provincial elections, Mr. Desaulniers withdrew from the political arena to accept a charge from the provincial government. Upon the recommendation of the Hon. M. de la Bruère, speaker of the Legislative Council, he was, on the 2nd November, 1886, appointed by the Ross government deputy-clerk and clerk of the private bills of the Legislative Council of Quebec, vice J. A. Jodoin, resigned. Lately a vain attempt was made to deprive him of this office, but by a unanimous vote of the Legislative Council his appointment was confirmed. On the 22nd February, 1887, Mr. Desaulniers was returned to the Dominion parliament for his old and faithful constituency of St. Maurice, where he enjoys a well-deserved popularity. He won the contest this time by a majority of 267 votes over his opponent, L. A. Lord. While devoting all his energies to the fulfilment of his numerous duties as representative of the people, Mr. Desaulniers, who takes a deep interest in agriculture, has been unanimously elected for ten years consecutively as president of the Agricultural Society of the county of St. Maurice. He has also been a justice of the peace since 1878. In politics Mr. Desaulniers is a staunch Conservative. He strongly endorses the protective policy adopted some years ago, and is a warm supporter of the Sir John A. Macdonald administration. In July, 1877, he married, at St. Guillaume d’Upton, Marie Aglaé Maher, daughter of Francis Maher, merchant, whose ancestors came from Stuttgart, Germany. They have five children living. Mr. Desaulniers is extremely popular in his own constituency and in the neighbouring counties, where he has often addressed large meetings on all the vital issues of the day, and performed many acts of kindness and liberality—winning, at the same time, for himself the esteem and respect of all by his social qualities, his proverbial hospitality, his sterling integrity, and his devotedness to the public interests.

McClelan, Hon. Abner Reid, Senator, Riverside, Hopewell, New Brunswick, was born where he now resides, in 1831. He is the youngest son of the late Peter McClelan, who was for a considerable period a justice of the peace, and of the common pleas, in the county of Albert. His paternal ancestry were Irish; but his mother (Robinson) was descended from the Clarkes, of New Hampshire. A. R. McClelan was educated at the district school, and at the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy, of which he was subsequently one of the Board of Governors. In 1854, Mr. McClelan was elected one of the representatives of his native county in the New Brunswick legislature, and continued to hold the position till the union, in 1867. He is liberal in politics, and united with the Hon. Charles Fisher, the Hon. S. L. Tilley, and other Liberals of that day, in the overthrow of the Conservative administration, and in the establishment, on a firmer basis, of the rights of all under the responsible system of government. Mr. McClelan was an ardent supporter of the treaty of 1854, which secured free reciprocal trade with the United States. In addition to other reforms, he succeeded in obtaining amendments to the law of inheritance, including the removal of the rights of primogeniture, and in providing postal regulations for the better observance of the Sabbath day. His efforts were always employed to obtain a fair and equitable distribution of the public appropriations, and the county which he so long represented derived considerable advantages thereby. In 1865, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the speakership of the Assembly. During that year he helped to lead the opposition against the government formed to oppose the union, and on the resignation of the ministry, he accepted a seat in the new administration with the portfolio of public works, which he held till the union, when he was called to the Senate. He advocated the construction of the railway from Shediac to St. John, now a part of the Intercolonial, and subsequently the establishment of branch lines, including an ample subsidy for the Albert Railway, which was guaranteed by the Dominion government, upon the special request of the friends and promoters of the road. Mr. McClelan at the outset urged the government which he was then supporting to subsidize a short line to Hillsboro’, which was done, and the road afterwards extended to Hopewell. He prepared and introduced the original Act of Incorporation, assisted in securing the aid of the Dominion guarantee, and asked for and obtained a loan of rails to facilitate a branch line to Hillsboro’. As a member of the Dominion parliament, Mr. McClelan has continued on the side of liberalism and free trade, believing and affirming that the policy of protection is not based on equitable principles, that it is generally injurious in its tendencies, and especially detrimental to the smaller provinces by the sea. Though formerly in mercantile business, the Hon. Mr. McClelan has partially retired therefrom, owing to delicate health. In the Senate, it may be added, he is a man of much usefulness, for he gives to public questions a thoughtful and impartial study. To the broad interests of Canada, the Hon. Mr. McClelan has been always loyal, and there is nothing hollow about his patriotism. He is married to Anna J., eldest daughter of W. J. Reed, of Harvey, New Brunswick.

Clemo, Ebenezer, Inventor, was a native of London, England, and came to Canada in 1858. He was, although young, a person of great genius and ability. On his arrival in Montreal he was reduced to such necessity, that he applied to John Lovell, publisher of that city, for employment as a message boy; but Mr. Lovell knowing his acquirements, engaged him to write a couple of books. Hence “Simon Seek,” and “The Canadian Homes,” which appeared in the same year. Not works of the highest standard of literature certainly, but evincing much talent, and giving a good insight into Canadian character and life. He was the inventor and discoverer of making paper pulp out of straw, an industry which has grown to great proportions since his day; and when engaged in erecting machinery for the manufacture of such paper at Morristown, New Jersey, died in 1860, at the early age of thirty.

Fullerton, James S., President of the Osgoode Literary and Legal Society, Toronto.—Mr. Fullerton is a native Canadian, having been born on April 3, 1843, in the township of South Dorchester, Elgin county, Ontario. Early in life he formed a taste for the law, and finally came to Toronto a student. He studied with N. G. Bigelow, John Leys and Beverly Jones, and ten years ago he was admitted to the bar. He had the honor of taking third and fourth year scholarships. He has now practised his profession for a decade, and is senior partner in the firm of Fullerton, Cook & Miller. He has had more of the successes of life than fall to the lot of most men. His practice has steadily increased, and it is said in legal circles that in three years he has only lost a couple of cases—and those it was well nigh impossible to win. His reputation for office work is great, and his unusual capabilities for making a jury think as he thinks have given him considerable counsel work to do.

Begg, Alexander, Dunbow Ranch, North-West Territory, Canada, is a native of the parish of Watten, Caithness-shire, Scotland, and was born 7th May, 1825. He is a son of Andrew Begg, farmer, and Jane Taylor, of Houstry, Dunn, Watten. His father was also miller of the mill of Dunn until about fifty years ago, when it and similar small oatmeal mills throughout Caithness were discontinued. The work of kiln-drying oats, formerly done by every farmer at home on his own kiln,—the winnowing of the shelled grain after it had first passed between the mill stones, and the sifting of the meal had to be done by hand; but about that time was transferred to larger mills erected by each proprietor for his tenants. The modern mill was furnished with a fanning mill to clean the shelled oats, and sieves which sifted the meal thoroughly. A kiln was also attached for the use of the tenants, who were bound each to bring his grain to the mill belonging to the estate on which his farm was situate and pay toll there. Mr. Begg received his elementary education at a somewhat celebrated select school, taught by William Campbell, near his father’s house at Backlass, Dunn. Up to the age of eighteen he assisted on the farm and attended the Watten parish school. Subsequently he attended the Normal School at Edinburgh, from which he received a diploma qualifying him as a teacher. This he utilized by teaching at Cluny, Aberdeenshire, until 1846, when he emigrated to Canada. Soon after his arrival at Belleville, where some of his school fellows had formerly emigrated, he taught school in the townships of West Huntingdon and Madoc, and afterwards at Oshawa. There he met J. E. McMillan (now sheriff in Victoria, B.C.), and joined him in publishing The Messenger, the first newspaper published in Bowmanville. After a couple of years he sold out to Mr. McMillan, and purchased the plant of the Cobourg Sun, removing it to Brighton, Ontario, and published The Sentinel, the first newspaper published there. He afterwards started The Advocate at Trenton, also the pioneer newspaper of that place. Shortly afterwards he disposed of his interest in the printing business, and visited his native land. On his return to Canada he received an appointment in the customs, serving at the ports of Morrisburg, Port Dover, Brockville and Cornwall; and in 1869 was promoted to be collector of customs and inspector of inland revenue for the North-West Territories, accompanying the lieutenant-governor, Hon. Wm. McDougall and party, as far as Pembina, when the French half-breeds under Riel stopped their advance, compelling their return. To conciliate certain parties, another collector of customs was sent out to Fort Garry after Riel’s flight to the United States. Mr. Begg was transferred to the Inland Revenue department, but being dissatisfied at being deprived of his position without any fault on his part, he left the service of the Dominion government, and accepted the office of emigration commissioner in Scotland for the Ontario government. In that work he was remarkably successful, and during several years continued to send out a superior class of emigrants. Owing to a change in the emigration policy, only one agent for Ontario was retained for Great Britain, at Liverpool. Mr. Begg then turned his attention to the establishment of a temperance colony in the Parry Sound district. The township of McMurrich was chosen as being then without any settlers. A grist mill, saw and shingle mills were erected by him at Beggsboro’ in 1874, to encourage the settlement; and although by a decision of the Provincial government, that settlers, other than strictly temperance men, could be admitted to the colony, it became and still continues a prosperous settlement. Whilst engaged in opening up roads through the wilderness and fostering the colony, Mr. Begg became editor and joint proprietor of the Muskoka Herald, published at Bracebridge; and soon afterwards commenced in Toronto the publication of the Canada Lumberman, a paper devoted to the interest of lumber dealers. This paper was purchased by a Peterboro’ firm, and has attained a leading position in the lumber trade. Next we find him, in 1879, at the World’s Exposition in Paris, where he had on view, and received prizes for, a landau carriage from London, Ontario, and a sleigh from Orillia, at which latter place his family have resided since their return from Scotland. He also brought across the Atlantic with him from the Muskoka lakes, a number of live black bass, the first ever brought alive across the ocean from the new to the old world. Some of the bass were deposited at Dunrobin, the seat of the Duke of Sutherland’s family in Scotland; some in England, and a few more taken across the English channel to Paris, for which latter he received a medal from the Paris Société d’Acclimatation. In 1881 Mr. Begg made a tour to the North-West by way of Chicago, St. Paul and Bismarck, as the Toronto Mail correspondent; taking the steamer up the Missouri to Fort Benton, the head of navigation, the Northern Pacific Railway not having been completed farther than Bismark at that time. The journey onward and northward from Benton to Fort McLeod was made by team and on horseback, camping out by the way. His Excellency the Marquis of Lorne reached McLeod from Battleford and Calgary on his tour across the continent at the same time Mr. Begg arrived from the south, so he had the opportunity of meeting the governor-general and party, and of including in his correspondence the earliest written news of their arrival there, and the enthusiastic reception given them by the Bloods, Piegans and a party of Indians (Blackfeet), under Chief Crowfoot. From McLeod, Mr. Begg proceeded to Morley, where one of his sons (Magnus) was farm instructor of the Stoney tribe of Indians on the reserve there. Magnus has since been promoted to be chief agent at the Blackfoot reserve. From Morley, Mr. Begg rode up Bow River to the foot of the Rockies, where an advance party of the Canadian Pacific Railway engineers were at work to ascertain if the railway line could be located by that route. Returning to Calgary, he proceeded north to Edmonton and St. Albert; then eastward to Battleford, Prince Albert and Duck Lake, on to Humboldt, Fort Qu’Appelle, Fort Ellice and Brandon, which latter place the Canadian Pacific Railway had just reached. At Humboldt he was obliged to sell his saddle and pack horses and take the stage, as winter had fairly set in, and travelling alone was no longer safe, especially without stopping places for the night. Next year, Mr. Begg returned to the North-West by the same route, taking one of his sons (Robert) with him to establish a sheep, cattle and horse ranch (Dunbow) at the confluence of High river with Bow river. This summer (1887) another of his sons (Roderick) joined him on the ranch, which is now well stocked and flourishing. His sons, Alexander and Peter, have recently been engaged in the Eastern States in connection with a printing establishment; another son, Ralph, is attending the Military School in Toronto, whilst the sixth, Colin, is studying at the High School in Orillia, where Mrs. Begg and five daughters yet reside. This autumn Mr. Begg was appointed emigration commissioner by the government of British Columbia, to arrange with the Crofter fishermen of Scotland to settle on the western shores of the island of Vancouver, to develop the valuable deep sea fisheries of the Pacific. On this important mission he left Canada in October, having formulated a scheme which will, he considers, solve the difficulty which has hitherto prevented the Imperial government from advancing funds to assist the emigration of the Crofters.

Panneton, Louis Edmond, Q.C., B.C.L., LL.M., Barrister, Sherbrooke, province of Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, in that province, on the 6th July, 1848. His parents were André Panneton and Marie Blondin. Mr. Panneton received his education at the college of Three Rivers, where he took the classical course. In 1865 he removed to Sherbrooke, and in 1870 was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada. He was elected a school commissioner in 1877, and in the same year was appointed a member of the Catholic Board of Examiners for granting diplomas to teachers. In 1878 he was elected president of the Club Cartier (Conservative Association), and a member of the city council in 1886. The degree of B.C.L. was conferred upon him in 1882, and that of LL.M. in 1885. He is a professor of civil law at Bishop’s University. He was chosen president for the years 1885 and 1886 of the Eastern Townships Typographical Company, which published Le Pionnier. He was made a Queen’s counsel in 1887, and in the same year was elected president of the bar of the district of St. Francis. Mr. Panneton travelled through the United States in 1876, and made an extended tour through Europe in 1878. In religion, he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church, and in politics, a Conservative. He was married on the 6th July, 1886, to Corinne Dorais, of St. Gregoire, daughter of L. T. Dorais, M.P.P. for the county of Nicolet, Province of Quebec.

Blair, Frank I., M.D., St. Stephen, New Brunswick, was born on 6th January, 1855. His father, Dugald Blair, M.D., was a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Greenock, Scotland, and afterwards settled in New Brunswick. His mother, Sarah Henrietta Marks, was a native of St. Stephen, and was a descendant of Captain Nehemiah Marks, a noted loyalist. Dr. Blair received his early education in Sunbury Grammar School and the University, Fredericton; and adopting medicine as a profession, completed his studies at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. He then returned to his native province, and began the practice of his profession in St. Stephen, where he has succeeded in building up a good business. He takes an interest in Masonry, and is a Knight Templar. He has travelled a good deal, and found time to visit Europe, California, and several other Western states of America. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion an adherent of the Church of England. On the 1st of December, 1881, he was married to Alice J. Owen, of St. Stephen.

Irving, Andrew, Registrar of the County of Renfrew, Pembroke, Ontario, was born at Chatham, Miramichi, Northumberland county, New Brunswick, on the 14th of December, 1820. His father, Andrew Irving, was a second cousin of the celebrated preacher and divine, Edward Irving, the founder of the sect known as the “Irvinites,” and was born in the parish of Middlebec, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He emigrated to New Brunswick in 1816, and lived a quiet life as a farmer on the banks of the Miramichi river, about a mile from the town of Chatham, where he died in 1864. His mother, Margaret Henderson, came to this country some time after her husband, and died at a ripe old age in 1871. Mr. Irving’s grandfather, John Henderson, married Clarinda Douglas, the daughter of Sir Archibald Douglas, of Castle Milk, and had the Cleugh Brae farm presented to him by Sir Archibald on the day of his marriage. He died at the age of fifty-eight. Having made his will only eight days before his death, it was declared illegal, from the circumstance that at that time the law of Scotland required that a testator must attend both kirk and market, and live six weeks after making his will, otherwise it would be null and void. The family contested the validity of this will in the courts, with the usual results, namely that of financial ruin to them all. Andrew, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Grammar School at Chatham, and afterwards studied medicine for three years with Dr. Key, then the most successful practitioner in New Brunswick. Finding, however, that too close application to study was endangering his health, he abandoned medicine, and resolved to seek his fortune in Western Canada. With this object in view, in the summer of 1842 he began his journey westward, and rather than slowly voyage on board a schooner from Miramichi to Quebec he chose the land route. He rode on horseback from Miramichi to Dalhousie, a distance of over a hundred miles, then crossed the Restigouche river at Campbelltown with his provisions on his back, and walked across the country to the St. Lawrence river at Metis, a distance of nearly a hundred miles. The road for the greater part of the route was only a footpath, and the sole guide he and his party had was the Indian blaze; and it took three hard days’ travel to make the journey. He then walked the entire distance, two hundred miles, from Metis to Quebec, in five days. When he arrived at Bytown (now Ottawa city), he crossed the Ottawa river, and was driven to Aylmer in a vehicle called a stage, a distance of nine miles, by a man named Moses Holt, who is still alive, though bordering on his one hundredth year. The next day he took passage in a bark canoe, working his way as far as Fitzroy Harbor, a small village on the south banks of the Upper Ottawa. The following day he embarked on the steamer George Buchanan, which at her best could not steam more than five miles an hour, and came on with her as far as Farrel’s Wharf, in the township of Horton. The distance from this point to Pembroke by the then route was nearly fifty miles, and our dauntless young Scotch settler accomplished the distance in a day and a half, arriving at his destination in good health and spirits. At this time it took a traveller three days from Ottawa to Pembroke, and now the journey can be made in about as many hours. In January, 1842, he began his career as a teacher in Pembroke, the settlers having erected for him a log school-house, in the bush, and agreeing to pay him a salary of forty pounds ($60) and board for a year, which, we may say, was not always promptly paid. However, our young teacher was satisfied, and his indomitable pluck carried him through all difficulties, and he is now one of the leading men in his county. For about three years Mr. Irving filled the office of clerk of the township and village of Pembroke, and was Division Court clerk for over twenty years. In 1861 he was chosen county treasurer, and held the office until 1875. He was local superintendent of education for a part of the county before the law abolishing this office came into force; and was a member of the Board of Education for a number of years, during three of which he acted as its chairman. In 1861 he was appointed a justice of the peace; and for upwards of ten years was license inspector. In 1866 he was appointed registrar of the county of Renfrew, and this office he still holds, and devotes all his time to the performance of his duties. Mr. Irving has always taken a deep interest in municipal affairs, and it was he who during the years from 1861 to 1865 led in the county town struggle for Renfrew county, and it has since been conceded by both friends and foes that it was through his good management that Pembroke came off victorious. He has been an ardent politician, and was always found fighting in the Reform ranks. On one occasion, during a hard election contest, he was approached by an old and valued friend, and offered a lucrative office if he withdrew his opposition to the government candidate, but, with true Scotch pride, he replied, “My principles are my own; they are neither those of John A. Macdonald or George Brown, and you would think very little of me if I would abandon them for any such offer.” This answer led to an estrangement between him and his friend, but after some years his friend admitted he was right, and so the matter was forgotten. Unfortunately Mr. Irving is not so liberal in his religious views as he is in his political. He is a very strict Presbyterian; and the highest of Calvinists, and would resist to the death any innovation or reform in his church standards. In 1844 he was married to Jane Reid, the eldest daughter of the late Peter Whyte, the first settler in Pembroke. She died in 1852, and two of her children survive her. He again married in 1860, his second choice being Mary, daughter of the late Doctor William Cannon, of the Royal navy. This lady is still alive, and has been the mother of five children, four of whom are living.

Laliberté, Jean Baptiste, Fur Merchant, St. Roch, Quebec, was born in the city of Quebec, in 1843. His father, who was the owner of one of the largest tanneries located on St. Valier street, in that city, sent him early to the Quebec Normal School, where he received a sound commercial education. On leaving school he commenced work with a merchant, and was afterwards apprenticed for a few years to a furrier to learn the trade. Here he soon acquired a thorough knowledge of it in all its branches, and laid the foundations of a successful business career. In May, 1867, he began, in a small way, on his own account. Being attentive and obliging and keeping all the latest styles in his stock, customers came dropping in; and at the end of five years, having worked very hard, he had accumulated sufficient means to enable him to re-build the store in which he had begun, and which had now become too small to accommodate his growing trade. After a lapse of a few more years he began again to be crowded for room; and he then decided to enlarge his premises. This time he erected a handsome building on St. Joseph street, St. Roch’s, containing six floors, 110 x 45 feet, which he now occupies. On the top of the building is a dome and flag-staff, on which he always hoists the French flag on the 24th of June of each year, this being the anniversary of his patron saint, St. Jean-Baptiste. Mr. Laliberté has made it a rule to purchase his goods in the best markets of the world, and to offer for sale only articles which may, by their excellence in regard to quality and workmanship, defy the keenest competition. Not content with visiting only the fur markets of New York, London, Paris and Leipsic, he, in 1880, and every year since, has visited in person the great fur emporium of Russia, being the first furrier from the province of Quebec who has done this. He has now branch offices in the principal cities of Europe, and his managers at these places advise him weekly as to prices, etc. Mr. Laliberté employs over three hundred persons, several of whom are constantly employed trapping and hunting in our own northern forests, and are paid the highest prices for furs and peltries in season and of the best grades. He is both an importer and exporter, and when a choice set of furs is wanted, even for the far west, the St. Roch fur emporium is generally called upon to supply it, as it is well known that from his immense stock, said to be the largest in Canada, it can readily be selected. Mr. Laliberté is erect in stature, manly in bearing, and is noted for his courteous demeanour to his fellow men. In short, he is a fair representative of the progressive French Canadian of the present day.

Macdonald, Augustine Colin, Merchant, Montague, Prince Edward Island, was born on the 30th June, 1837, at Panmure, P.E.I. He is a son of Hugh Macdonald, who came from Moydart, Inverness-shire, Scotland, to Prince Edward Island in 1805, and settled at Panmure. The mother of the subject of our sketch was Catherine, daughter of A. Macdonald, of Rhue Arisaig, Inverness-shire. Augustine Colin Macdonald received his education at the Grammar School of Georgetown, and at the Central Academy, Charlottetown, P.E.I. He has taken part in all matters pertaining to the interests of the island in which he was born, and has been on several occasions a commissioner for managing the Exhibition of Local Industry for Prince Edward Island. He, too, is interested in military matters, and is captain in one of the local companies. He was first returned to the Legislative Assembly, as representative for the third electoral district of Kings county, P.E.I., in 1870. He supported the Railway bill, and on a dissolution of the house was again elected by his political friends. In 1873 he once more appealed to his constituents, and, as a supporter of “confederation” and “better terms,” was elected. When Prince Edward Island became part of the confederacy, Mr. Macdonald was returned a member of the Dominion parliament as a supporter of Sir John A. Macdonald. At the general election, held in 1874, he suffered defeat at the polls, being beaten by a small majority; but at the general election, held in 1878, he was again elected to a seat in the House of Commons at Ottawa. In politics Mr. Macdonald is a Liberal-Conservative, and during his parliamentary career at Ottawa rendered good service to the government when they were carrying through the Canadian Pacific Railway bill and the national policy resolutions. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He married at Charlottetown, on the 27th June, 1865, Mary Elizabeth, sixth daughter of the late Hon. John Small Macdonald, and has a family of seven children.

Harris, John Leonard, Merchant and Manufacturer, Moncton, New Brunswick, was born in Norton, Kings county, on the 27th September, 1833. He is the second son of Michael Spurr Harris, who came to Moncton with his family in 1836. Here John L. Harris received his education, and in early life became engaged with G. &. J. Salter, shipbuilders, as their bookkeeper and chief business man. About the year 1856 he associated with him his brother, C. P. Harris, in the shipbuilding business, which they carried on under the firm name of J. & C. Harris. And since 1858, as general merchants, they have largely imported British, foreign and West India goods. From this business it may be said was developed some of the most important industries of the town of Moncton, viz.: a sugar refinery and a cotton mill—and these were established in 1880 and 1882, under the supervision of this firm—J. L. Harris being the president and managing director of both companies. But it is largely to Mr. Harris’s own personal exertions and untiring energy that his native town is indebted for the accomplishment of its most important public benefit—a work which has been of equal benefit to every citizen, and has not only placed Moncton at once in a position to prosecute the industries and arts of life, but has fixed a permanent value to real estate, while it protects property from fire, and insures health, cleanliness and comfort for future generations. It was in 1878 that he organized the Moncton Gas Light and Water Company, the works of which, although extensive, were carried to completion with great promptness and success during the same year. Within three months 30,000 days’ labor were performed; and combined with this was erected the gas works, during the same year, which subsequently included a system of electric lighting. Mr. Harris has been the president and managing director of this company, as well as of the sugar and cotton manufacturing companies, from their organization to the present time; and he has for many years been active in advocating and promoting a harbor improvement enterprise for Moncton, having, with his colleagues, obtained acts of the Dominion and Local parliaments incorporating the Moncton Dock and Harbor Improvement Company. He has also been identified with other public enterprises in the town, and generally those called into existence by reason of the national policy of Canada, which he has warmly supported. He is an upholder of the principles of the Liberal-Conservative party. In 1881 and 1882 Mr. Harris was elected to the position of mayor, and thus served two years as presiding officer of the Moncton town council. He has been for many years very active in Freemasonry, and is a past master of Keith lodge; past first principal of Botsford Royal Arch Chapter; a member of the order of Knights Templars, and has taken other advanced degrees. In religion he is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married August 11th, 1864, to Mary, second daughter of the late Alexander Cowie, M.D.

Joncas, Louis Zephrin, General Agent, Grand River, M.P. for Gaspé, is of Norman descent, and was born at Grand River, in the county of Gaspé, province of Quebec, on the 26th July, 1846. His parents were Léon Joncas and Esther Beaudin. His family was during many years engaged in the fishing industry. Mr. Joncas, the subject of our sketch, received his education at the College Masson, in Terrebonne, near Montreal, and after having gone through his classical course of studies he began studying law in Montreal, but in consequence of ill health was obliged to discontinue it and go back to his native village, where during twelve years he has carried on the business of fish-curing. In 1876 Mr. Joncas was appointed sheriff of the county of Gaspé, in place of John Short, and this office he held until the 20th February, 1887, when he resigned to run for the House of Commons. Under the name and style of L. Z. Joncas & Co., he keeps at Grand River a general agency and accountant’s office. In 1883 he was chosen by the Dominion government one of the commissioners to represent Canada, and more especially the province of Quebec, at the International Fisheries Exhibition, held in London, England, and in this capacity he won golden opinions both from the British and from the Canadian press. At the Fishery Congress in connection with the International Fisheries Exhibition, Mr. Joncas read a paper on the “Fisheries of Canada,” which has been greatly appreciated both abroad and at home. Speaking of this lecture, the London Canadian Gazette of the 5th July, 1883, said: “At a conference held on Monday, the 2nd day of July inst., at the Fisheries Exhibition, the Hon. A. W. McLelan, minister of marine of Canada, presiding, a remarkably comprehensive and interesting paper upon the various fisheries of British North America was read by Mr. L. Z. Joncas, one of the Canadian commissioners at the Exhibition. The subject was a large one, but Mr. Joncas’ practical knowledge of it enabled him to do justice to all its branches, and he concentrated in his paper much information of great value upon all sections of the trade. We hope at an early date to give some extracts from it of interest to our readers. By order of the executive committee of the Exhibition this work has been published and thousands of copies are being distributed.” The London Daily Telegraph, alluding to the same paper, says: “The most important of the papers yet read at the International conference was that of Monday, 2nd instant., on the ‘Fisheries of Canada,’ by Mr. L. Z. Joncas, one of the executive commissioners for Canada, which was at once able, valuable, and as far as possible exhaustive.” In 1884 Mr. Joncas was asked to lecture on the same subject before the members of the British Association then assembled in Montreal, and he read a paper considering the fisheries from an economical point of view. This paper, which makes a pamphlet of over sixty pages, has been largely distributed both in Europe and in Canada by the Dominion government. In 1887, when Dr. Fortin, who had represented Gaspé in the House of Commons since 1867, signified his intention of resigning, Mr. Joncas was asked to come forward by a large number of the electors of Gaspé, and he was elected at the general election held on the 22nd March, 1887, to the House of Commons of Canada. In politics he is an independent Conservative; and in religion is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. On the 18th July, 1870, he married Emerentienne Blouin, of St. Valier, in the county of Bellechasse, province of Quebec, a sister to the Right Rev. F. A. Blouin, curé of Carleton, Bonaventure county, and general vicar of the diocese of Rimouski, P.Q.

Law, William, Shipping and Commission Merchant, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Yarmouth, was born in Belfast, Ireland, on 5th August, 1833, and in October, 1847, he came to Yarmouth. Here he remained until 1849, when he went to Oxford, in the state of Massachusetts, and did business there until 1855, when he again took up his abode in Yarmouth. Since that time Mr. Law has been extensively engaged in business, as head of the firm of William Law & Co., shipping and commission merchants. In 1870 he was appointed a justice of the peace for Yarmouth county. He has filled the office of president of the Oriental Marine Insurance Company for eight years; and was appointed manager, for Nova Scotia, of the Boston Marine Insurance Company, in 1881. In 1886 he was chosen to represent Yarmouth county in the Nova Scotia legislature. In politics he is a Liberal, and is a strong advocate of free trade and commercial union with the United States. In his religious views he is an independent. While living in Oxford, Mass., he was married to Mary A., daughter of Enoch and Abigail Brown, of Douglas, Mass. Mr. Brown represented the town of Douglas in the Massachusetts legislature.

Laurie, John Wimburn, Major-General, Oakfield, Nova Scotia, was born on the 1st October, 1835, in London, England. He is the eldest son of John Laurie, M.P. for Barnstaple, of 10 Hyde Park Terrace, London, and Marshalls, Havering atte Bower, in Essex; justice of the peace for Middlesex and Essex, and deputy-lieutenant for both counties. His mother is Eliza Helen Collett, youngest daughter of Kenrick Collett, master in Chancery, of Holcrofts, Fulham, Middlesex, England. Major-General Laurie received his education at Harrow, and Dresden, Saxony, and graduated with honors at the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, obtaining a commission without purchase. He was appointed to the 2nd Queen’s Royals in depot, in 1853, and volunteered for active service against the Russians in 1854, and appointed to the 4th King’s Own regiment of foot. With this regiment he served ten months at the siege and fall of Sebastopol. He was twice wounded in the trenches, and was mentioned in despatches for his gallant defence of advanced positions against a largely superior force of Russians. He never missed a day’s duty during the twenty months he spent in the Crimea, except when wounded. He was present at the attacks on Sebastopol on the 18th June, with a storming party on Barrack battery on the 8th September, and at the capture of the stronghold on the 9th. September, 1855. He served at Mauritius in 1857, to keep order among the Indian coolies during the excitement consequent on the Indian mutiny; and in Central India against the rebellious Sepoys during 1858-59-60, as staff officer of a field force with irregular cavalry and camel corps, making forced marches in the Rewah and Mahi Kante districts. He was promoted to major, unattached, for distinguished service, in 1861. In 1854 and 1856 Major Laurie attended the School of Musketry at Hythe, and took a prominent part in introducing musketry instruction and rifle practice in the army. He passed a competitive examination, and entered Staff College at Sandhurst in 1861; but on the occurrence of the Trent affair he volunteered for active service, and was sent to Canada to organize the militia, and was retained in Nova Scotia by the Marquis of Normanby and General Sir Hastings Doyle, and remained as inspecting field officer until that province joined the confederation. In 1866 he placed 15,000 men under arms to repel the threatened Fenian invasion, and also took over the garrison duties at Halifax, so that the regular troops might go to the New Brunswick frontier. In 1869 he took over the duties of brigade major, and succeeded to the position of deputy adjutant-general on the death of Colonel Sinclair, continuing in command in Nova Scotia until 1881, when he was transferred to British Columbia. When on leave in England, in 1877, he offered to raise a regiment in Canada for active service against the Russians, and for this he received the personal thanks of the secretary of war; and in 1881 he volunteered and accompanied Sir Frederick Roberts to South Africa, with the expedition against the Boers of the Transvaal. On the conclusion of peace he returned and assumed command in British Columbia, and remained there until 1882, in which year he was promoted, by selection, to the rank of major-general in the army. In 1885, on the outbreak of the Servo-Bulgarian war, he was appointed commissioner to the headquarters of the Servian army, under the Red Cross Convention, and remained until the conclusion of peace in 1886, in charge of hospitals organized by him, and in carrying aid to the wounded and those suffering from contagious and epidemic diseases; and with Baron Mundy, the eminent philanthropist of Austria, jointly organized an ambulance train for the conveyance of wounded from the field by railway trains, for all of which services he received the personal and repeated thanks of the King and Queen of Servia, as well as of the Red Cross Society of Great Britain, and of Austro-Hungary. On the outbreak of Riel’s rebellion in the North-West of Canada, he volunteered for service under General Middleton, who was his junior in the army, and after joining the advanced column, was appointed commandant of base and line of communication, which position he filled until the close of the campaign. He has received, as decorations for his war services: from her Majesty, Queen Victoria, the Crimean medal, with clasp for Sebastopol, Indian mutiny medal for Central India, North-West Canada medal; from the Sultan of Turkey the Russian war medal and the Imperial Order of the Medjijie; from the King of Servia the Servian war medal and the decoration of Knight Commander of the order of St. Sava; and from the Queen of Servia, the order of the Red Cross for saving life. Major-General Laurie was elected councillor for his district, and first warden of Halifax county on the organization of the municipality in 1879, and again in 1880. He was appointed a justice of the peace for Halifax county in 1869. For ten years he has been president of the Provincial Board of Agriculture in Nova Scotia, and has been active in organizing joint stock companies for the development of manufactures. He carries on a large experimental farm at Oakfield, about twenty miles from Halifax. He has been elected for ten years grand master of the Freemasons of Nova Scotia; and was also president of the St. George’s Society of Halifax; and aided in organizing the Royal British Veteran Society, a self-supporting benefit society, composed of members who have served in the army or navy, and of which he is president. He contested Shelburne county, a Liberal stronghold, at the general election of 1887, as an independent supporter of the national policy, and was defeated by thirty-four votes. During the thirty-four years of his active service, Major-General Laurie served her Majesty in a campaign in every quarter of the globe; has written descriptive articles for the contemporary press, and was called upon by the Admiralty authorities in Britain to publish his views as to the most suitable position for a naval base for Great Britain in the Pacific. He is a strong advocate for closer union and more harmonious united work amongst all Evangelical denominations. He married, in 1863, Frances Robie, youngest daughter of the Hon. Enos Collins, of Gorsebrook, Halifax, granddaughter of the late Chief Justice Sir Brenton Haliburton, and great-granddaughter of Bishop Inglis, of Nova Scotia, who, as rector of Trinity Church, New York, at the time of the revolution, continued to offer prayers for the king, although levelled guns warned him that his life would be taken unless he desisted. Two sons are now serving in the army: the elder in the 4th King’s Own, in which General Laurie won his spurs, and the younger in the old 86th, now the Royal Irish Rifles.

Hall, John Smythe, Jun., B.A., B.C.L., Q.C., M.P.P. for Montreal West, is a native of Montreal, having been born there on the 7th August, 1853. He is the son of John S. Hall and Emma Robins Brigham. Mr. Hall, sen., was a member of the old firm of Grant, Hall & Co., extensive lumbermen, and subsequently flour millers. Mr. Hall, jun., received his primary education at Bishop’s College School, Lennoxville, and afterwards entered McGill University, taking the degree of B.A. in 1874, and that of B.C.L. in 1875. He was called to the bar in 1876, and at once took a prominent place. He is now a member of the well-known law firm of Chapleau, Hall, Nicholls & Brown. He has always taken a deep interest in educational matters. In 1883 he was chosen representative fellow-in-law, and became a member of the corporation of McGill University, and re-elected to the same position in January, 1886. He was also president of the University Literary Society; in 1884 president of the Graduates’ Society; and in 1887 president of the University Club. In politics he is a Conservative, and an active member of the Junior Conservative Club, occupying the position of president in 1885. This year (1887) he was made a Q.C. Mr. Hall has taken an active interest in the volunteer force, and is now a captain in the Montreal Field Battery of Artillery. He is a member of the Church of England; and on the 3rd January, 1883, married Victoria Brigham, daughter of the late T. C. Brigham, of Ottawa. At the last general election for the province of Quebec, Mr. Hall contested Montreal West against G. W. Stephens, Liberal, and W. W. Robertson, workingman’s candidate, for a seat in the Quebec legislature, and was returned by a majority of 127 over Mr. Stephens, and 1,000 over Mr. Robertson.

Labelle, Rev. François Xavier Antoine, the “Apostle of Colonization,” Parish Priest, St. Jerome, county of Terrebonne, Province of Quebec, was born in the village of Ste. Rose, Laval county, on the 14th November, 1834, his father being Antoine Labelle, a master shoemaker, who was married to Angélique Mayer. In 1844 he was sent to the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, and in that institution completed a full course of classical studies. He was chiefly remarkable at college for his sound judgment and his happy and retentive memory. The consideration he enjoyed among his fellow-students caused him to be chosen president of the Grammar Society, and vice-president of the Literary Society of the college. His favorite studies were history and philosophy, and his favorite authors DeMaistre, Balmès, DeBonald, and Nicholas, chiefly the latter, whom he possessed almost by heart, and thereby gained the surname of “Nicholas,” given him by his companions. He chose the ecclesiastical state, and received the first of the minor orders in 1852, at the Seminary of Ste. Thérèse, where during three years he was a teacher, performing at the same time the humble duties of recreation room master and attendant of the convocation room. In 1855 he went to the Grand Seminary of Montreal, where he devoted himself exclusively to the study of theology. He was only twenty-two years old when he was ordained priest, in 1856, in his native village, by Mgr. Pinsonneault, eight days after the consecration of that prelate. By virtue of an edict of the Holy See the privilege of ordaining a certain number of priests before they had attained the required age, was granted to the bishop of Montreal, and Father Labelle was one of the first on whom the honor was conferred. He was appointed vicar to Father Vinet, since promoted to the dignity of prelate to the Holy See, then parish priest of the beautiful and wealthy parish of Sault-au-Récollet. The young vicar rendered great services to his curé in the difficulties the latter had to encounter in connection with the building of the Convent of the Sacred Heart. Father Labelle resided two years and a half in the parish of Sault-au-Récollet, and the parishioners expressed the livliest regret when he was sent to help the parish priest of St. Jacques-le-Mineur, Rev. Father Morin, who required rest; in this parish he resided nine months. In 1859 he was appointed parish priest of St. Antoine Abbé, a mixed parish on the border. Here he had many difficulties to smooth over as first resident curé of this parish, which had been divided in two for civil purposes by the division of the counties of Huntingdon and Chateauguay. In the midst of the greatest obstacles he had to create everything; he succeeded, however, in having the parish civilly erected and organized as a scholastic and municipal corporation, in spite of the electoral influences which prevented him from attaining his aim immediately. Religious embarrassments also existed, but thanks to the energy and tact displayed by Father Labelle, these were overcome. The impetus given to St. Antoine Abbé during the four years’ residence of the curé in that parish, placed it in the way of progress, and it is at the present day one of the most prosperous in the province of Quebec. A few years ago the humble chapel, which had been erected in the first days of the village, was demolished, and in its place stands one of the finest church edifices in the county. It was here that Rev. Father Labelle experienced a deep sorrow in the death of his father, who had followed the fortunes of his only son. In 1863 he was sent to Lacolle by his bishop, Mgr. Bourget, who had had occasion to appreciate his energy and charity. Grave difficulties had arisen, owing to the choice of a site for a new church, which had been selected outside of the village as the centre of the parish, causing division, fed by a few Protestants, who went even so far as to offer help to build the church in the village. When Father Labelle arrived to take the place of Father Bourbonnais, the situation was almost desperate; but the inhabitants of St. Antoine predicted to those of Lacolle that nothing would resist the efforts of their new pastor. And, in fact, despite the intelligence and wealth in league against him, despite the efforts of the Protestants who owned the greater portion of the territory, he succeeded through perseverance and diplomatic acuteness to make Lacolle what it is to-day, one of the finest villages in the country. When he left the parish, both Protestants and Catholics recognized his ability and admitted the justice of his previous claims. It was during his sojourn in Lacolle that the Fenian invasion of 1866 took place. The spot offered an easy access to the enemy, being at the entrance of the plain leading to St. John’s. The patriotism roused by the curé, however, in the hearts of his parishioners caused the enemies of the country to choose another point to enter Canada. “If the Fenians come here,” the pastor said, “I will place myself at your head to repel them.” In 1868 he was transferred to the curacy of St. Jerome. After having passed his first years of priesthood in the midst of struggles, it was a welcome change to the good man to settle in a quiet and well organized parish. He fell on his knees on the threshold of his presbytery to return thanks to God for his mercy. He discovered in his parishioners the spirit of union, so efficacious in the performance of noble works. The site of the village, the progress already made, the intelligence and ambition of its inhabitants, everything tended to forebode an era of happiness such as he had never before experienced. He knew the North only from geographical descriptions and hearsay; but the position of St. Jerome at the foot of the Laurentian mountains, in that broad and fertile valley of the Ottawa river, opened up to his view the perspective of a vast field for the exercise of his patriotism. He wanted to convince himself de visu of the resources of the country, and with that end in view, he organized an expedition to explore the valley to its most extreme limits, and he returned with the conviction that this vast plain should be the cradle of a numerous and vigorous population, whose industry and needs would develop an important trade. The best means to attain that end, he thought, was to build a railroad, which, reaching the Gatineau, would in after years be an immense feeder to Montreal, whilst helping to colonize that part of the province; for he had found, during his voyage, a fertile soil and a wealth of timber and minerals hardly surpassed in any other part of the Dominion. He was also thinking of the great number of willing and vigorous workers who, after receiving so many favors in their native land, left it to go and enrich the foreigner, while their own country’s resources were undeveloped for the want of their sturdy sinews. “Any subject,” he would say, “who willingly leaves the benevolent shadow of the British flag, proves a loss to the country and an evil to the subject.” Before undertaking to build a railroad, however, colonization roads must be built, the country must be opened; so he turned his attention to the roads at once. Public men know what it costs to obtain favors from a government which, in spite of its patriotism and good-will, is often-times hampered in the distribution of its favors. The influences of the southern part of the province, which set up the plea that they had not obtained enough at the hands of the government, tempered the generous impulses of the ministers. To this Father Labelle offered a strong argument: “The south has received a great deal, the north almost nothing; when the south receives, the north derives no benefit; whilst, when the north is prosperous, the overflow of its wealth benefits the south.” He begged and supplicated, but was repulsed. Nothing daunted, he kept asking. “I wish you would send your curé to his parishioners,” a minister said one day to the member for Terrebonne. “You can do that yourself,” said the latter; “if he annoys you, give him what he asks, otherwise you will never get rid of him.” After months of waiting and innumerable requests, the ministry acquiesced to the just demands of the north, and granted subsidies according to the means at the disposal of the government. Let us say right here that the zeal of Father Labelle was vigorously seconded by the Hon. Mr. Chapleau, who has always done all he could in the interest of his constituents, and also by the Hon. Mr. Masson, the late lieutenant-governor of the Province of Quebec, and the then representative of the county in the House of Commons. The zealous priest was also sustained by the successive administrations of the province, and by the sympathy and energy of the citizens of St. Jerome, among whom may be mentioned Messrs. Laviolette, M. J. B. Lefebvre-Villemure, Prévost, de Montigny, William Scott, J. A. Hervieux, and many others. The whole parish is in accord with its curé, for, in French Canada, when works of public utility are in view, political divisions are laid aside. The priests of the adjoining parishes also accorded a loyal and energetic support to Father Labelle. The principal work of this indefatigable man is certainly the railroad commenced under his auspices, known at first under the name of “Chemin à lisses de bois,” but laid to-day with steel rails. His matchless energy was displayed in its construction; and in the pursuit of this object he undertook struggles, voyages, writing, etc., the recital of which would be the recital of the stormy beginnings of two great railways which at the present day are the pride of the country. Father Labelle has always looked upon the “Colonization Railroad of the North” as part of the Canadian Pacific, and also took a great interest in the latter, which he considered as the artery destined to carry the wealth of the West, as well as the treasures of Japan and China, to our seaports through Canadian territory, favoring and feeding industry and commerce all along its immense length. He admired the plan of Sir George E. Cartier, and regretted the failure of Sir Hugh Allan, through the intrigues of his opponents, in his attempt to float the loan necessary to its construction. He foresaw, in the construction of the Pacific Railway, a powerful means of immigration, and calculated that in ten years, the indirect contributions paid by the new settlers into the Federal treasury, and the increase in value of the North-West lands, would pay the largest portion of the debt contracted for the undertaking. It is needless to add that his predictions were correct, as it has been amply proved since. His appreciation of the advantages and disadvantages offered by the diverse routes proposed, reveal the foresight of a true statesman. He worked also in the interest of the North Shore road, and helped it by his writings, visits and timely interference at critical periods. But his favorite road has always been the Colonization road. He is called its father, and he cannot possibly disclaim his offspring. He said one time, on the occasion of a visit paid him by the members of the Montreal press, that such children were the only ones the members of his calling were allowed to beget. At the same time he thanked the newspapers for the tender care they had exercised in nursing and clothing his child. If doubts existed on any one’s mind as to the important share of glory accruing to Father Labelle on account of this work, the following extracts which were communicated to us by an indiscreet friend of the curé of St. Jerome, would be sufficient to dissipate them. Sir Hugh Allan wrote him on the 25th July, 1883: —

My dear Father Labelle,—You have been happy to hear, I am sure, that the contract for the construction of the Colonization railroad has at last been signed. This result is in a great measure due to your industry and increasing efforts, and if there is a man who ought to reap any glory from the completion of this work, that man is yourself.

The Hon. Mr. Abbott wrote from London, under date May 5, 1873: —

It is to be regretted that your holy office should prevent you from occupying in the enterprise the position to which your efforts and influence entitle you. I know, however, that the satisfaction of having accomplished a good work on behalf of your countrymen will reward you sufficiently, from your own standpoint, for the important help you have given us from the beginning.

To-day the road is completed, and whoever is entitled to merit should receive it. Everyone knows that in consequence of unforeseen difficulties the future of the road was threatened even after the work had been undertaken. Father Labelle had arranged to get one million dollars voted by the city of Montreal, and he induced the ministry of the province to take the road under its control and to complete it. It is also said that the idea of getting the “Grand Trunk of the North” built by the government originated with him. The part he had taken in these events was recognized in a measure by the commissioners who named one of the first engines placed on the line, “Rev. A. Labelle.” On the fiftieth anniversary of Father Labelle’s birthday, at a dinner given at St. Jerome, on the 29th November, 1884, were gathered together ministers, journalists, members of parliament, aldermen and representative men from all parts of the province, and all with common accord applauded the work he had done. And we may say here that the tact he displayed in the circumstance justified what had been said of him on a previous occasion by a citizen distinguished among his English and Protestant brethren: “Father Labelle,” he said, “should be prime minister of Canada instead of curé of St. Jerome.” The following is an extract of a speech delivered on that eventful occasion: —

Father Labelle to-day can look back on thirty years of feverish and unceasing activity; thirty years of courageous and plodding energy; his career has been stormy rather than peaceful, and has already borne more abundant fruit than many ordinary existences. His physical health is good, but requires a rest which the will instinctively refuses on account of this fever of labor and activity which unceasingly devours and consumes. The mind is ever vigorous and keenly perceptive, while the intellect and judgment have ripened under the influence of work and time, and to-day the results are most abundant and precious. The nature of our good curé is so full of vigor and exuberance that in his fiftieth year he spreads movement, activity and life everywhere around him; his character is so essentially expansive that his ideas, his projects, his hopes, so clearly elucidated, pervade those who come in contact with him. He carries so much conviction that one must needs yield to him. Is it astonishing that he should have wielded, in all spheres, an influence often dominating and decisive? The grandeur of conception, the vigor displayed in the execution of the most difficult enterprises, his proverbial disinterestedness, his sound judgment constantly seconded by deep and varied studies, an astonishing memory, a character bending itself to the most dissimilar circumstances, unassailable honesty of purpose, an openness of heart which has always proved to him the best of policies, are certainly, among others, enough qualities to make him, perhaps, the most popular and most enlightened man of our country. His influence has been felt everywhere. His counsels have ever been wise and cautious. His practical mind was never embarrassed by the most difficult problems of theology or social and political economy. His courage has ever been undaunted, either before obstacles or adversaries, and his honesty has never flinched or given way to the wiles of a corrupt world. The holy robes he wears have never been soiled, and at the present time they are as immaculate as on the day the young Levite donned them to devote himself to the service of the Divine Master. As the drop of water, slowly and patiently wending its way through the obstacles which men and accidents may throw on its passage; as the impetuous torrent upsetting all obstacles in its mad race, Father Labelle has succeeded in all his enterprises; but then these enterprises were great, they were national, they were undertaken in the interest of religion and for the welfare of the country, and only those who were traitors to their religion and their country were opposed to their execution. Is it to be wondered at, under such conditions, that he was enabled to occupy the most difficult positions and master fortresses, until his advent thought impregnable? He was never known, however, to soil his hands with the booty of the vanquished, to take a share of the spoils of the victor, or impose hard and unjust conditions under the assumption that might is right. He never exalted his victories over the weakness of those he disarmed. He always looked forward to the triumph of truth and justice and the greatness of our country; not to the humiliation of men and the abasement of character. Richelieu once said: ‘I never undertake anything without mature reflection; but my resolution once taken, I go straight to the end I have in view; I break all obstacles and I cover the whole with my purple robe.’ In his case the prince of the church gave way to the statesman. In the latter respect, it was not Richelieu who was the model of Father Labelle. But let us change the scene; we will transport ourselves to a more genial climate, far from the tainted atmosphere of the court of Louis XIII., far from the bloody fields of battle, of murder and assassination, where Richelieu had to play his rôle of statesman, and we will find, from the Canadian standpoint, a great similarity of character and works between the great French minister and the humble Canadian priest who, in the course of a few years, will change the face of a considerable portion of this province. The former contributed in large measure to the foundation of the colony; the latter, when his colonization scheme will be realized in all the grandeur of its conception, will have doubled the value, the wealth, the power of our province; both will have had the same energy and the same courage; on a different theatre, they will have obtained wonderful success. Let me add that the life of Father Labelle is an illustrious example to those who aim at being true patriots: to serve God and country. He is one of the most accomplished types of that hardy Franco-Canadian race which is called upon to accomplish grand and noble deeds, provided its descendants remember the history of its origin, its struggles and its triumphs; and rise to the height of the mission assigned them by Providence. To attain that end they must set aside the cruel broils of politics, the rancour of partyism we witness to-day, and they must work together for the common good of our common country, and, following the example of the beloved pastor, take as a motto: ‘Energy, faith in God, and hope in the future.’ The true Franco-Canadian race, the French-Catholic race, has become incarnate in the large heart of Father Labelle, and even to-day a monument might be raised to him bearing the inscription dedicated to the heroes of all times and all climes: ‘To Father Labelle, a tribute of love from a grateful country.’

Father Labelle’s winning affability is proverbial, and in the midst of his enormous labors he always finds a moment to speak on any subject that might be of interest to his listeners. Ever ready to help the humblest of his parishioners, his generosity often oversteps the limit of his means, for he has not the leisure to figure up his fortune. The following incident is an example of his charity, which we publish at the risk of raising his ire: During a very severe winter the price of cordwood had risen in the city of Montreal to the fabulous figure of $20 a cord, owing to a “combine” of men who would have been insulted had anyone dared to assert that they were not honest. Father Labelle called on his parishioners, in the name of charity, to help the poor of Montreal in their sore need of fuel, and the result was that an immense procession of sleds loaded with cordwood, the good curé leading, was seen wending its way from St. Jerome to Montreal (a distance of thirty-three miles), and there distributed to the most needy and deserving poor of the city. This generous action was repeated the following winter. Besides his railroad undertakings, Father Labelle has been the means of a college being built in St. Jerome; a three-story brick building, having a frontage of eighty feet, with a lateral chapel, where the youth of the surrounding district receive a commercial, agricultural, and religious education under the direction of the Rev. Fathers of the Holy Cross. As soon as the railroad was completed to St. Jerome, Father Labelle undertook to supply the necessary traffic. He is convinced that the Laurentian range contains considerable mineral wealth, and geological reports prove his assertions. With the view of working and developing these mines, he immediately applied at every door to raise the necessary capital. His parishioners subscribed a few thousand dollars; but the resources are so slender, and the expenses so heavy to start on a solid basis, that he must receive more substantial help. It may be said, by the way, that minerals being one of the greatest sources of wealth of a country, there is no reason why the government should not give grants to the energetic men who undertake to search for those treasures in a practical manner. His many and varied occupations do not interfere with the exemplary regularity of the exercise of his holy ministry. His sermons are always remarkable for their characteristic clearness and practical common sense. Thoroughly orthodox, he never deviates from the strict doctrines of his church, which he believes accords with progress; as a result, in his parish, church and state go hand-in-hand, to the satisfaction of all parties. Far from feeling any pride in his successes, he makes them subservient to the glory of God, the primary cause and author of all greatness. The theological lore of Father Labelle is very profound, and he has had many occasions to elucidate very intricate questions. His lordship, Bishop Duhamel, honored him with his confidence, and delegated to him a part of his power for the purpose of erecting canonical parishes in the southern part of his diocese. Right Rev. Mgr. Conroy, delegated by the Holy See to adjust certain differences which had arisen in Canada in connection with the establishment of the branch of Laval University, at Montreal, wrote the following letter to Father Labelle, on the 19th March, 1877: “I reckon on your great and well-deserved influence. I shall always be glad to see you, and I shall do my best to meet your wishes as far as I possibly can do so.” After the decision of the Holy See in favor of Laval, Father Labelle was one of the most energetic workers, and did no small amount of work in connection with the establishment of the branch university in Montreal. The late Bishop Bourget was ably seconded by Father Labelle in the erection, for civil purposes, of the new parishes of Montreal. After the Guibord case had been settled, a bill was passed to prevent the recurrence of such difficulties and to meet the views of her Majesty, Queen Victoria, as intimated by her to Lord Dufferin; Father Labelle was entrusted with the drawing up of the bill. He was also instrumental, and did more than his share of the work, both here and at Rome, to obtain the division of the ecclesiastical provinces of Montreal and Ottawa. Since 1883, he has been sent to France by the Federal government for the purpose of making our country better known in Europe and promoting more extended commercial relations. At the present time (1887), he is engaged on the extension of the Montreal and Western Railway to Lake Temiscamingue, and there are already seventy miles under contract. He is also interested in a new cattle ranch at Wood Mountain, near Regina, N.W.T., etc. We cannot conclude this imperfect sketch without mentioning the charming bonhomie which in Father Labelle’s case, takes the place of the most refined courteousness. When his wine cellar is empty, his smoking-room is abundantly supplied, and in either case he receives the most illustrious men of the country with the greatest ease. Let us add that his venerable mother, who presides over the internal administration of his household, contributes, by her politeness and kind attentions, to make the presbytery of St. Jerome the most popular resort of the surrounding parishes. The priests of the neighborhood and the notable men of the province frequently visit the worthy pastor when in need of information, or in quest of rest and relaxation from their onerous duties.

Hale, Frederick Harding, Lumber Merchant, Woodstock, M.P. for Carleton, New Brunswick, was born at Northampton, in the county of Carleton, N.B., on the 8th December, 1844. His father, Martin Hale, was born in Ireland, and came to Canada, when a child, with his parents. His mother was Hulda Dickinson, daughter of Harding Dickinson, a U. E. loyalist. Mr. Hale received his education in the schools in Carleton county; and afterwards turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and for the last twenty-five years has been heavily engaged in the manufacture and sale of all kinds of lumber at Northampton and Woodstock. A few years ago he entered the political arena, and at the general election held in the spring of 1887 was elected to represent the county of Carleton in the Dominion parliament at Ottawa. Mr. Hale is a director of the St. John Valley Railway. He takes an interest in Masonry, and is a member of the Woodstock lodge; and also a member of the Woodstock Royal Arch Chapter. In politics he is a Liberal; and in religion an adherent of the Free Baptist church. Mr. Hale has been twice married. On the 20th June, 1869, to Rhoda, daughter of the late George McGee; she died on the 16th June, 1870. And on the 17th June, 1873, to Emma E., daughter of Moses Boyer.

Nelles, Samuel Sobieski, D.D., LL.D., who died at Cobourg, on the 17th October, 1887, on his sixty-fourth birthday, was born of worthy Methodist parents at Mount Pleasant, near Brantford, Ontario, on 17th October, 1823. He attended the Lewiston Academy, New York, during 1839 and 1840, under the tutorship of the poet, J. G. Saxe, whose peculiarly pungent wit the doctor often rivalled in after life. The year following he entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, where he was converted and where he connected himself with the Methodist church. Two years later he became one of the two first matriculating students at Victoria University, Cobourg, the institution that was afterwards to achieve prosperity under his guidance, then presided over by Rev. Egerton Ryerson, D.D. During the two subsequent years spent at Victoria College he obtained a local preacher’s license, and distinguished himself, the venerable Dr. Carroll says, for “intellect and eloquence.” Seeking his degree at an older institution, he graduated at the Wesleyan University, Middleton, Conn., in 1846, and spent the next year as head master of the Newburgh Academy, whence he was recommended to the ministry by the Napanee Quarterly Official Board. In 1847 he was received on trial at Port Hope, and preached during 1848 and 1849 at Toronto East, in the old Adelaide street church, which has since been replaced by the Metropolitan, when he was received into full connection, ordained and sent to London as colleague of Rev. John Carroll, D.D., for the first quarter of 1850. It was then that the church wanted a man to take the presidency of their connexional university at Cobourg, an institution that had been founded in 1837 as an academy, had been created a university in 1841, and was then fighting a hard battle for a precarious existence. Samuel S. Nelles, M.A., was the man unanimously chosen, and taken, sorely against his will, from the London charge early in 1850 and installed as successor to the Rev. Alex. McNabb, D.D., in the president’s chair of Victoria University. From this time forward the career of Dr. Nelles is very closely identified with that of the college to which he fully devoted his best energies, his keen intellect, his marvellous power of management and his ripe culture. Finding the institution financially feeble, he travelled the country with persistent energy, appealing, and seldom in vain, to Methodists to support their college, and its rapid growth and success in keeping abreast with the times are largely due to his untiring labors. Together with the late Rev. Dr. Punshon, he undertook to raise an endowment of $100,000 for the college, and the best comment upon their faithful efforts is that they succeeded in swelling that amount to $150,000. Some ten years ago this indefatigable worker persuaded the people of Cobourg to erect a magnificent science building, known as Faraday Hall. In 1861 he received the honorary degree of D.D. from Queen’s University, which was followed in 1872 by the degree of LL.D. He was elected General Conference representative to the conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, United States, in 1864; and associate representative to the Eastern British American Conference in 1868; to the English Wesleyan Conference with Rev. Dr. Dewart in 1873, and to the British Conference, held in Newcastle, in 1883. The deceased was professor of moral and mental philosophy, as well as president at Victoria College, since his first connection with that institution; and in the University Act, passed at the time of Methodist union, he was created chancellor of the university. The doctor was one of the original framers of the University Federation scheme, and gave it vigorous advocacy by platform and press, but as the face of the scheme was changed, largely because of the defection of other colleges, he withdrew his support. He was married early in life to the eldest daughter of Rev. Dr. Wood, of Davenport, who survives him. Four children have blessed the union, all of whom are living. The only son is now practising law with Cameron & Co., at Tilbury Centre; the eldest daughter is the widow of the late Kenneth Dingwall, an eminent barrister of Hamilton, while the two youngest are still unmarried.

Drolet, Jacques Francois Gaspard, Quebec, Auditor of the Province of Quebec, was born at Quebec on the 23rd January, 1828. His parents were Gaspard Drolet, advocate; and Marie Antoinette LeBlond, daughter of Jacques LeBlond, advocate. He received a full and complete course of classics at the Quebec Seminary. He entered the public service in 1862 in the department of Public Works of Canada; and was appointed auditor of the province of Quebec in 1867, under section 20 of the Treasury Department Act, 31 Vict., cap. 9, province of Quebec; 46 Vict., cap. 4, section 3, 1883, which enacts “that the provincial auditor shall hold office during good behavior, but be removable by the lieutenant-governor upon an address of the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly.” He was president of the Institut Canadien in 1859-60. In 1869, he, along with J. W. Dunscomb, collector of her Majesty’s Customs at the port of Quebec, and François Vézina, cashier of La Banque Nationale, were appointed a Board of Commissioners to enquire into and report upon the civil service of the province. In 1875 he was on a commission with J. G. Bossé, Q.C., and James Dunbar, Q.C., to enquire into the settlement of the Quebec Fire Loan; and in 1883 he was appointed a commissioner along with L. Tellier and Lieut.-Colonel A. A. Stevenson, on an enquiry on the public service. He has taken an active interest in the Volunteer movement; and during the Trent difficulty held the rank of captain in the 7th battalion of Chasseurs. Mr. Drolet is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and holds the position of church warden. He was married at Montreal, in August, 1850, to Marie Louise Eugénie, daughter of the Hon. Jean Casimir Bruneau, judge of the Superior Court, and niece of the Hon. F. P. Bruneau, one of the Legislative councillors appointed by Lord Sydenham in 1841, and of Dr. Bruneau, for a number of years professor and lecturer of McGill College, Montreal. The living issue of this marriage is three sons and three daughters. The eldest son is Joseph Eugène, advocate; Jean Casimir, Roman Catholic priest; third son, Joseph Charles Gaspard, captain in the 9th battalion Quebec Rifles. Captain Joseph C. G. Drolet went through the North-West campaign with his regiment, and is now adjutant of the Royal School of Mounted Infantry at Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Whitney, Henry A., Moncton, New Brunswick, Mechanical Superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway, was born at St. Stephen, New Brunswick, on the 11th February, 1834. His parents were Beriah Whitney and Lucy Hall, and both were descended from very early settlers in America. The first of the Whitney family emigrated from Wales, England, about the year 1640, and settled in the state of Connecticut. Of the mother’s progenitors, the Howland branch came over with the Pilgrim Fathers in 1620; and the Hall branch emigrated from Hull, England, about 1650, and made their home on Long Island. Henry A. Whitney received a common school education at St. Stephen, New Brunswick, and at Calais, Maine. As early as 1852 he began his connection with railways, and with the exception of a short interval in the years 1853-4, has been in the railway service ever since. During these thirty years he has occupied various positions on government railways, such as foreman, engine driver, shop hand, locomotive foreman, and is now mechanical superintendent of the Intercolonial Railway. He has been obliged to change his residence several times since he began his useful career, having removed from St. Stephen to Moncton in 1857; to St. John in 1858; to Shediac in 1861; and lastly to Moncton in 1872, where he has since resided. In politics Mr. Whitney takes little interest; but in religion he may be classed among the Universalists, having held, from youth up, that our Heavenly Father will finally bring all his erring children home to his house of many mansions. He was married on the 13th of December, 1861, to Margaret J. Lindsay, of St. John, New Brunswick. This lady died on the 22nd May, 1872. On the 5th of May, 1874, he was married to his second wife, Henrietta Elliott, of Moncton, New Brunswick.

Fitch, Edson, Manufacturer, Quebec, Grand First Principal of Royal Arch Masonry in the province of Quebec, is a native of Glen’s Falls, New York state, having been born there in 1838. He is a direct descendant of Governor Thomas Fitch, who was governor of the colony of Connecticut, in 1756, under the reign of George II. The family is one of the oldest in the United States. They were originally from Eltham, county of Kent, England, and came to America, landing in Boston, Mass., in 1634. The homestead of the governor, in Norwalk, Conn., is still in possession of the family, being owned by the subject of this sketch and his sister. Mr. Fitch received his educational training in his native parish. In 1861 he entered the American army as a lieutenant, and was at once sent to the front on active service. During the winter of 1862-3 he received a commission as captain, and was present with General McClellan during the peninsular campaign, and took part in all the principal engagements until the first day’s fight in the battle of the Wilderness, 5th May, 1864, when he was severely wounded, having been shot through the body. This confined him to the rear for about three months, at the end of which time he returned to his post, where he remained till the close of 1864, when, his time having expired, he was mustered out of the service. He was on staff duty most of the time, having been in twenty-seven engagements, fighting under Generals McClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant. When he returned from the service he held the position of acting assistant inspector-general and chief of staff of the first brigade of the second division of the Second Army Corps. On that occasion he received the following flattering letter: —

Head-Quarters 1st Brigade
2nd Div. 2nd Army Corps,
Army of the Potomac, near Petersburg, Va.
Nov. 3, 1864.
Capt. Edson Fitch,
Brig. In. 2nd Brig. 2nd Div., 2nd A.C.,

Captain,—Having learned that you are about to retire from the military service of the United States government, I avail myself of what may be the only opportunity I shall have of communicating to you an expression of the high regard I entertain for you as a brave, competent, efficient and gentlemanly officer, and of the regret that you are to be even temporarily lost to the service which you have honored on so many occasions by your gallant conduct. As chief of staff of the brigade which I had the honor to command at the late battle at Hatcher’s Run, you in no small degree contributed to that success which won for our brave troops the encomiums of the generals commanding. To the consciousness of having faithfully discharged your whole duty, which you will carry with you to private life, I desire to add the assurance that you also have the confidence and kindest regards of your old comrades in arms, who still hope, at no very distant period, to welcome you again to the tented field.

I am, Captain, very truly yours,
Jas. M. Willet,
Col. 8th N. Y. H. Art’y,
Comdg. 1st Brigade.

In 1867, Captain Fitch came to Canada with the intention of organizing the business he is now engaged in, that of manufacturing match splints, and settled at Montmorency, Quebec, but was burnt out there. He then removed to Etchemin, county of Levis, where he established his business, and has had a most successful career. Twice he has seen his factory destroyed by fire, but his indomitable pluck and perseverance have carried him through. The business of manufacturing match splints is one the magnitude of which few outsiders can realize. The factory owned by Mr. Fitch is the largest of its kind in the world, making nearly ninety millions of matches in a single day To reach this almost inconceivable result, five hundred hands are employed, and no less than twenty millions of feet of timber are cut up in the course of a single year. Early in life Mr. Fitch connected himself with Masonry, having, in 1861, been initiated in Senate lodge, No. 456, G.R. of N.Y., held at Glen’s Falls. In 1868, desiring further knowledge in Masonry, he applied for the Royal Arch degrees to Stadacona Chapter, No. 2, G.R.Q., and was exalted in that chapter on 22nd October, 1868. In 1873, he affiliated with Tuscan lodge, No. 28, G.R.Q., held at Levis, and occupied the worshipful master’s chair in that lodge in 1876 and 1877. In 1877 he was elected grand senior warden of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, and in 1880 was appointed D.D.G. Master for Quebec and Three Rivers district, and held that office two years and a half. In 1882 he was unanimously elected deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge. In 1884, the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons chose him as their grand third principal; in 1885 and again in 1886 as grand second principal, and at the last meeting of the Grand Chapter, held in the city of Montreal, in January, 1887, he was placed, by the voice of the companions assembled, in the exalted position of grand first principal. He was one of the charter members of William de la More, the Martyr Preceptory of Knights Templars at Quebec, with which body he is still connected. He has been chairman of the Committee of Benevolence and Charity of the Grand Lodge since 1882. He is representative in Quebec of the Grand Lodge of California and Grand Chapter of Indiana. And he has always taken an active part in all matters pertaining to the craft in his district and province, and is an ardent supporter of the principle of Grand Lodge sovereignty. In politics Mr. Fitch is a Liberal; and in religion is an adherent of the Baptist church. He was married to Mary A., second daughter of the late James Bowen, of Quebec.

Badgley, Rev. Prof. E. I., M.A., B.D., LL.D., Victoria University, Cobourg.—Professor Badgley, of United Empire loyalist descent, was born in Prince Edward county, which county was also the birth place of his father and mother. At the time of the American revolution his great-grandfather owned a large landed property in the state of New Jersey, but having espoused the royalists’ cause, his property was confiscated. Preferring citizenship under the British Crown rather than in the Republic, he determined to find a home in the then wilderness of Canada. Pursued as an enemy and a fugitive, he suffered many hair-breadth escapes. For several days he lay concealed in his hayloft, where more than once the enemy searched for him, repeatedly walking over him as he lay buried beneath the hay. From this place of concealment he escaped to find refuge for three days in a potato pit. After many adventures scarcely less perilous, he finally was enabled to reach Canada, whither his family in due time followed him. They settled about six miles from Belleville, in what is now the township of Thurlow. Dr. Canniff, in his work on the “Settlement of Upper Canada,” mentions him and his sons as among the first settlers north of the village of Cannifton. His wife’s name was Lawrence, whom he married in England, and through that connection repeated efforts have been made to secure for the heirs a supposed fortune lying to their credit, so far, however, without any success. One of the sons, Professor Badgley’s grandfather, finally settled in Prince Edward county, from which place he went to Kingston to do service for his country, in 1812. By an exchange of property the family removed to Thurlow, where his mother, whose maiden name was Howard, still lives. With an ardent desire for a better training than the public school could furnish, Professor Badgley left the farm when seventeen years of age, and entered as a student at Belleville Seminary, afterwards Albert University. He graduated with the second-class in 1868, and immediately entered upon the work of the ministry, in connection with the late Methodist Episcopal church. After three years of successful labor, he returned to Albert College as an adjunct professor in metaphysics and mathematics. Three years later, on the election of Dr. Carman, president of the university, to the episcopacy, Professor Badgley was appointed to the chair of mental and moral philosophy, which he satisfactorily filled for a period of ten years. While in the ministry, and during the period he served as adjunct professor, he pursued a definite line of reading, and regularly graduated in both theology and law. As a result of Methodist union, Albert University was consolidated with Victoria, in 1884, since which date he has held the chair of mental philosophy and logic in the latter university. For several years Professor Badgley was a regular contributor to the editorial columns of the Canada Christian Advocate, and has frequently written for the “Canadian Methodist Magazine.” He was a delegate to the Ecumenical Methodist Conference, in London, in 1881, where he read an important paper on ministerial education. At different times and places he has delivered several addresses on metaphysical and philosophical subjects, the publication of which has been frequently requested. In May, 1887, he delivered the tenth annual lecture before the Theological Union of Victoria University, on “Faith, vs. Knowledge.” In 1870 he was married to Emma Bell, daughter of John S. Bell, Napanee, whose father was an officer in the British army, and on whose confiscated property a part of the city of Albany now stands. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.

McConnell, John, M.D., M.C.P.S.O., Toronto, Lieutenant 12th Battalion York Rangers, was born in the township of Scarboro’, on the 4th March, 1846. His father, John McConnell, served under Mr. Howard, of High Park, in the defence of Little York (Toronto), during the time of the William Lyon McKenzie rebellion. He was an adherent of the Methodist church, and acted in the capacity of local preacher for about forty years; he was also a justice of the peace, and a man greatly respected in his day. His mother, Elizabeth McGaw, was a daughter of the late Andrew McGaw, of Port Hope. Both families first settled in Scarboro’ about 1836. Dr. McConnell’s father, after a residence of about ten years there, bought the farm, lot twenty-three, second concession, of Markham, and removed there in 1849. The subject of our sketch was the fourth son of the above union, born in the old homestead in Scarboro’, and accompanied his parents to their new home. He received his primary education in the public schools of Markham, where he remained until 1859. Then he began to entertain ideas of supporting himself, and hired out to a farmer at $10 a month, for the summer season. This engagement completed, he returned home, and his father sent him to the Grammar School, Richmond Hill, then under the charge of the late Rev. John Boyd, B.A. Soon after he entered this school, Mr. Boyd resigned, and was succeeded by L. H. Evans, B.A., of Trinity College, under whose able tuition young McConnell remained for three years. Early in 1863 he underwent an examination, and succeeded in gaining a second-class A. certificate, which gave him great satisfaction. He then applied for a situation as teacher in a number of school sections, but owing to his youth, he did not succeed until December of that year, when he obtained a school in York township, with a salary of £67 10s. per annum, when he began his real battle with the world. During the following year he undertook the somewhat difficult task of preparing himself for a matriculation examination in the Toronto University, and also to prepare for a first-class certificate as a teacher. He succeeded in both, and moreover, secured an advance of £10 to his salary for the next year, which was of great use to him. During 1864 he commenced the study of medicine. In 1866 he left York township and removed to Scarboro’, where he secured a school at £90 a year. From here he was in the habit of driving thirteen miles four days a week to prosecute his medical studies in Toronto, and the following spring he matriculated in medicine. He continued teaching until October, when he relinquished his school and became a student in the Toronto School of Medicine. In the spring of 1867 he passed his primary examination at the University of Toronto, and was admitted as an undergraduate in the Toronto Hospital, and also placed in charge of the Burnside Lying-in Hospital, Sheppard street. Notwithstanding these somewhat onerous duties, he attached himself to the military school in connection with the 13th Hussars, a British regiment of cavalry then stationed at the New Fort, Toronto, under the command of the late Colonel Jennings, one of the heroes of the Light Brigade, and from whom he received many evidences of respect and kindness. He was attached as an officer of the Oak Ridge troop of cavalry, to which he had belonged from 1860, when, on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales, it was stationed in Toronto, and was with this troop, under arms, at Richmond Hill (headquarters) during the Fenian troubles, in 1866. Before leaving the Military School, in the autumn of 1868, he received from Colonel Jennings a first-class certificate, which he is proud still to possess. He then returned to his lectures in the university—still retaining his position in the hospital—and worked hard both in and out of school, so that when the examination came on in the spring, he passed a most critical examination, and succeeded in securing the degree of M.B. He received his diploma on the 11th June, 1869, and commenced to practise his profession at Thornhill, township of Vaughan, York county, where he practised for fifteen years, when he removed to Brockton, in 1882, then a suburb of, and now part of, the city of Toronto. Shortly after taking up his residence in Brockton, he was elected reeve of the village by acclamation; and in 1884, when it was annexed to Toronto as St. Mark’s ward, the doctor represented it in the city council. He is coroner for the county of York, and has held the position of president of the West York Reform Association, and also of the Reform Association of Vaughan. In June, 1886, Dr. McConnell was gazetted second lieutenant of the 12th Battalion York Rangers, and in June, 1887, was attached to “C.” Royal School of Infantry, New Fort Barracks, Toronto, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Otter, and was awarded a second-class certificate, and received his commission as first lieutenant of the York Rangers. As a professional man, he is endowed with a kindly disposition, and is never slow to help any poor person-visiting his office for medical advice or medicine. Dr. McConnell has been for four years attendant physician to the Protestant Orphans’ Home, of Toronto, where two hundred orphan children are supported by the charitable people of the city and neighborhood, and his watchful care has not only been gratuitous, but productive of the most gratifying results. Besides practising his profession, he has interested himself in real estate, and is now one of the largest property owners in the ward of St. Mark. His career points a moral which our young men would do well to study, showing as it does that perseverance and attention to duty is a greater requisite to success in life than to be born to affluence. He was married previous to his beginning his practice, to Miss Powell, of York township, and during their residence at Thornhill, eight children were born to them, five daughters and three sons, and of these, three daughters and one son survive.

Roberts, Charles George Douglas, M.A., Professor of Modern Literature, King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born at Douglas, near Fredericton, New Brunswick, on the 10th of January, 1860. His father, the Rev. G. Goodridge Roberts, M.A., rector of Fredericton, was the eldest son of the late George Roberts, Ph.D., a gentleman of English descent, formerly headmaster of Fredericton Collegiate School, and professor of classics in the University of New Brunswick. Our poet comes of a line of ancestors more or less conspicuous as scholars, upon both maternal and paternal sides. His mother, Emma Wetmore Bliss Roberts, daughter of the late Judge Bliss, also of Fredericton, comes of an old loyalist family, of which Emerson’s mother was a member. Mr. Roberts, the subject of this sketch, was educated at Fredericton Collegiate School, where he took the Douglas medal for classics. In 1877, while at the University of New Brunswick, he took a classical scholarship, with honors in Greek and Latin; in 1878, the alumni gold medal for an essay in Latin; and in 1879 graduating with honors in metaphysics and ethics. In this year he was appointed head-master of Chatham, New Brunswick, Grammar School. In 1880 his first volume of verse, entitled “Orion and other Poems,” was published by J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; and in 1881 he took his degree of M.A., and according to the ordinary acceptation of the term, “finished his education,” though a man’s education may never truly be said to be finished while he is an inhabitant of this mortal sphere, and retains his faculties. Yet the foregoing statements prove that Mr. Roberts had acquired much knowledge at a very early age, and at a very early age was inspired by the soul of song. No one can doubt this who has read the following extract, which we take from his lines entitled “To the Spirit of Song”:

Surely I have seen the majesty and wonder,

Beauty, might, and splendor, of the soul of song;

Surely I have felt the spell that lifts asunder

Soul from body, when lips faint and thought is strong.

These lines are to be found on the first page of his volume, entitled “Orion, and other Poems,” and unquestionably show genius in the boy under twenty years of age, for it would have been impossible for any one not possessed of the soul of song to have conceived them. Had the first, third, fourth, eleventh, and thirteenth lines been equal to those we have quoted, the concluding line —

Lowly I wait the song upon my lips conferred

—would have made the picture of the dark-eyed, dark-haired aspirant for immortality, kneeling before the white-robed angel, a simply perfect creation. The poem “Orion” is an outcome of his early love for classical literature, and when we consider that it was written by a boy standing on the threshold of life, it is wonderful; and shows distinctly what he may attain in coming years, when at the zenith of his power. This poem contains many lines of unsurpassed beauty. We quote the following couplet, which is taken from that part of the poem which describes Orion lying upon the seashore in his utter wretchedness, when the drug administered by the king is beginning to affect him. The scene is described as, at the setting of the sun —

The deep-eyed Night drew down to comfort him,

And lifted her great lids, and mourned for him.

And again, later in the night, a slave comes with the king bearing a cup containing the juice with which he puts out Orion’s eyes, and a servitor bearing a torch, before whose light —

All the darkness shuddered and fled back.

And how beautiful are the lines sung by the weeping sea-nymphs —

We all are made heavy of heart, we weep with thee, sore with thy sorrow;

The sea to its utmost part, the night from the dusk to the morrow.

And again, when he regains his sight —

All the morning’s majesty

And mystery of loveliness lay bare

Before him; all the limitless blue sea

Brightening with laughter many a league around.

Wind wrinkled, etc.

But it may be that the genius of Mr. Roberts is nowhere so apparent as in a short poem of his that we have seen somewhere, entitled, “Off Pelorus,” the first stanza of which is an exquisite piece of word-painting, combined with the very soul of song. We quote from memory —

Crimson swims the sun-set over far Pelorus,

Burning crimson tops its frowning crest of pine;

Purple sleeps the shore, and floats the wave before us,

Eachwhere from the oar-stroke eddying warm like wine.

It is impossible to separate true poetry from its sister, painting, and here the two walk hand in hand. The rich coloring of the painter, the subtle thought and music of the poet, and all developed strongly, so as to come within the immediate grasp of ordinary intelligence. We have not seen Mr. Roberts’ prose writing, but we are informed that he has written much that is masterly in thought and style; can do good battle in a political discussion, and has peculiar and abundant gifts in the field of criticism. In 1882 he was appointed head-master of York Street School, Fredericton. In 1883 he accepted the position of editor of The Week, a Toronto weekly, from which he, finding his tastes did not harmonize with the director’s, retired in four months, when he returned to New Brunswick, and was there engaged with several literary undertakings, till his call, in 1885, to the University of King’s College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, as professor of English and French literature and political economy. In 1887 he published his most important work, “In Divers Tones” (Montreal: Dawson Bros.; Boston: D. Lothrop & Co.), which has been very favorably received. Professor Roberts is a contributor to most of the notable publications printed in the English language; among these may be mentioned “Longman’s,” “The Century,” “Wide Awake,” and “Outing.” Mr. Roberts is a member of the Church of England, and was married December 29th, 1880, to Mary Isabel Fenety, daughter of George E. Fenety, Queen’s printer, of Fredericton, New Brunswick. By this marriage he has three children.

Chicoyne, Jerome Adolphe, Advocate, Sherbrooke, was born on the 22nd August, 1844, at St. Pie, county of Bagot, province of Quebec. His paternal ancestors came over from France at the time Mr. de Maisonneuve was recruiting settlers for the colony of Ville-Marie. His name was Pierre Chicoyne, and his place in France was and is still called Channay, in the old Province of Anjou. He became proprietor of the fief Bellevue, in the parish of Verchères, which fief still belongs to his descendants. Members of the family continue to reside in the same place and vicinity in France, and intercourse is regularly kept up between them from both sides of the ocean. A new settlement, started in the township of Woburn, at the head of Lake Megantic, in the county of Beauce (where the subject of our sketch felled the first tree on the 8th December, 1880), is named Channay, as a reminiscence of the place wherefrom his ancestor came. Mr. Chicoyne was educated at the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe, and followed the usual course—eight years. He was admitted to the bar of Lower Canada on the 17th September, 1868, at Montreal; and after practising at St. Hyacinthe until 1872, was compelled to quit it in consequence of ill-health. He then became attached to the department of agriculture of the province of Quebec, as colonization agent, and has ever since been connected with the colonization movement in the Eastern Townships. In 1875 he left St. Hyacinthe with his family, and settled at La Patrie, one of the new settlements organized by him in his capacity of government agent. In 1880, he started a colonization scheme (under the patronage of both the Provincial and Federal governments) in France, which resulted in the influx of considerable French capital and immigrants to these townships. Some of the results may now be seen in the great progress achieved by the village of Megantic, in the county of Compton, and in the above mentioned settlement of Channay. In January, 1886, he took the direction of Le Pionnier, the oldest French paper in the Eastern Townships, which paper has largely contributed to, and still helps, the settlement of that comparatively new section of the country. He took part for the first time in politics during the elections of 1867, in the Conservative interest, and is still, and has ever been a most devoted and faithful worker in the Conservative ranks. Mr. Chicoyne has made four trips to Europe, and has visited England, France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy, and while in these countries studied the political economy and social questions of the age. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic church. On the 7th January, 1868, he was married at St. Hyacinthe, to Dame Caroline Perreault.

Elliott, Edward, Barrister, Perth, Ontario, was born in the township of Elmsley, county of Lanark, Ontario, on the 29th June, 1884. He is of Irish descent, his father, John Elliot, and mother, Rebecca Taylor, both having been born in Ireland. The family came to Canada in 1818, and shortly afterwards settled in Lanark. The subject of this sketch received his education at the Grammar School of Perth. In 1863 he began the study of the law with the late William Oscar Buell, barrister, in Perth. Mr. Elliott was admitted as a solicitor in Michaelmas term 1868, and called to the bar in Hilary term 1869. Though devoted to his profession, he has yet found time to serve his fellow-citizens in various capacities. For ten years he has been a member of the town council, during two of which he served as mayor, namely, in 1879 and 1880. He has been for some time a member of the Board of Education of Perth. In politics, he has taken an active interest, and was a candidate for parliamentary honors, on the Conservative side, in South Lanark, in 1879, but was defeated by only fifty-three of a majority. Again he contested the same riding, in 1883, but again suffered defeat; this time, however, by only twenty-nine of majority. He has resided in Perth since he commenced the study of the law, and is the senior member of the firm of Elliott & Rogers, solicitors, etc., doing a good law business. In 1882 Mr. Elliott was called to the bar of Manitoba. In 1880 he joined the True Britons’ lodge, No. 14, A. F. and A. M., and has taken an interest in the order ever since. He has travelled through the United States, and the greater part of Canada. In politics, he is a Liberal-Conservative; and in religion, is a member of the Church of England. He has held the office of warden, and is also a lay delegate to the Diocesan Synod. He was married on the 5th July, 1870, to Harriet, youngest daughter of the late John Rudd, merchant, Perth, and has a family of four girls.

La Rue, Thomas George, Quebec, Notary Public and Collector of Inland Revenue for the Dominion of Canada, in the division of Quebec, is descended from one of the most ancient French families in New France, represented by Jean de La Rue, who settled at Quebec in 1636, and married Jaqueline Pin, in 1663, one of the first pupils of the Ursuline nuns of Quebec. Thomas George La Rue was born at St. Jean, Orleans Island, on the 21st December, 1834, and is the second son of Nazaire La Rue, who was a lieutenant-colonel in the militia, and a notary public. His mother was Adelaide Roy. He was educated at the Laval University, and was admitted to practice his profession on the 4th February, 1856. Mr. La Rue is noted for the lively interest he, in common with the late Dr. Hubert La Rue, and his brother, a professor at the Laval University, has taken in agricultural pursuits in the province of Quebec. In 1867 he published, in the Evénement newspaper, several essays, under the title of “Causeries Agricoles,” bearing on the experiments he had made on his farm on the Island of Orleans, and these were, in 1872, collected and issued in book shape by the Journal d’Agriculture de St. Hyacinthe, and distributed all over the province. He was a member of the Notarial Board for the province of Quebec, from 1862 to 1879, and was elected vice-president of it in 1876. In 1869, jointly with the Hon. Louis Archambault and Emery Papineau, his colleagues, he prepared the constitution which governs the Board of Notaries for the province of Quebec. For twenty-five years he was an active worker in the ranks of the Liberal party, and in 1862 acquired by purchase, assisted by the Hon. Ulric J. Tessier, now a judge in the Court of Appeal; Francis Evanturel, ex-minister of agriculture; the late G. Joly, seignior of Lotbinière, father of the present Hon. H. G. Joly; and J. G. Barthe, barrister, the journal known as Le Canadien. And this newspaper originated in its columns such a fierce opposition to the government of the day—the Cartier-McDonald—on the Militia Bill, that it compelled it to resign and give way for the formation of the McDonald-Sicotte administration. Mr. La Rue was mainly instrumental in securing for the Liberal party the parliamentary division of Quebec East, which, ever since the warmly-contested election of the Hon. Senator Pantaléon Peltier, in 1871, has remained until this day, a fortress to the party. In 1872 he came forward on the Liberal ticket, in the county of Montmorency, but was beaten at the polls by the late Jean Langlois, Q.C. In 1874 the McKenzie administration entrusted him, as a notary, with the settlement of the claims arising from seignorial dues in the province of Quebec. In 1878, Mr. La Rue finally withdrew from politics, and accepted the important appointment of collector of inland revenue for the division of Quebec, the duties of which he has continued to fill ever since. In 1857, he was married to Helen Marie Louise, eldest daughter of the late Pierre Guénette, a merchant in Quebec city.

Baynes, William Craig, B.A., was born in Quebec in 1809. He was educated in England for the service of the East India Company, but on the death of his father gave up the appointment, and later entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of B.A. in 1836. In 1839 he was summoned to receive his M.A., but had scruples of conscience as to taking the oath of conformity, and the higher honor was refused. Mr. Baynes came of a military family. His father saw service in Africa, where he assisted in the capture of the Cape in 1795, and in India, and was adjutant-general of the army in Canada and colonel of the Glengarry Fencibles in the war of 1812. Three of his sons also entered the army. Mr. Baynes married in 1841, and in 1843 returned to Canada, and settled in the neighborhood of Kingsey, where his father had purchased land. Here he carried on farming for twelve years, giving it up in 1856, when he received the secretaryship of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning (McGill College, Montreal), which post he held continuously until his death, which took place on Sunday, 9th October, 1887. He leaves four sons. He was for many years the leading member of the Plymouth Brethren in Montreal, and generally conducted their services.

Strachan, John, LL.D., D.D., Bishop of Toronto.—The late Bishop Strachan was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, on the 12th of April, 1778, and received his early education at the Grammar School of that city, and finished his term at King’s College in 1796, when he got his Master’s degree. His father was a poor man, straitened in circumstances; yet, with the characteristic ambition of a Scotchman, he had determined that his son should be well equipped for future conflict with the world. He was only nineteen years of age when he was declared the successful candidate for the parochial schoolmastership of Kettle. There were nearly one hundred and fifty pupils in this school, among them Sir David Wilkie, the artist, and Commodore Robert Barclay, doomed to misfortune on Lake Erie, from no fault of his own. He remained at Kettle three years, when an invitation to Canada came to change the current of his life. It was towards the close of the eighteenth century that some liberal friends of education anxiously contemplating the establishment of a high school and university, bethought themselves of applying to Scotland for a teacher to whom they could confide the training of their sons, and, amongst those, the most directly interested was the Hon. Richard Cartwright, grandfather of the present Sir Richard Cartwright, a man of enterprise and far-sighted views. Mr. Strachan having been engaged for the purpose, towards the end of 1799 he sailed from Greenock, by way of New York, and arrived in Kingston on the last day of the year. His first experience of Upper Canada took the form of disappointment. Governor Simcoe, with that statesmanlike prescience that characterised him, had from the first made the establishment of a university his first and chief desideratum. But unfortunately the first governor had been removed before his patriotic scheme was carried into effect, and just when Mr. Strachan arrived at Kingston there seemed to be no prospect that either the university or grammar school system would be attempted for the present. Mr. Cartwright recognised the trying position of the young teacher, and generously set himself to work on his behalf. He had four sons himself, and his friends could add to the number of pupils, and so provide the young Scot with an honorable and fairly remunerative living until the plans of the government were matured. Mr. Strachan was a Presbyterian, but his father was an Episcopal non-juror—a champion of the lost cause of the Stuarts, and his earliest recollections of church services were those he attended with his father at Aberdeen, presided over by Bishop Skinner. Subsequently he habitually accompanied his widowed mother to the Relief Church, of which she was a member. He was only a Presbyterian by accident. When he arrived at Kingston, and was thrown in contact with the Rev. Dr. Stuart, who, although an Anglican, was the son of a Presbyterian, he was naturally attracted to the church of his father, so that when Mr. Cartwright and Dr. Stuart advised him to study divinity, the change was easily made, and the result was that the future bishop received deacon’s orders in 1803. The bishop of Niagara, who was afterwards one of his pupils at Toronto, has given a graphic description of Mr. Strachan’s methods, and of his remarkable success as a teacher. His great care was to interest the boys in their studies, and to draw out their latent capabilities by attractive means. To him education meant what its etymology implies, not cramming, but development. Perhaps no instructor could boast of a larger number of pupils who obtained eminence in after life. Chief Justice Robinson, and his brother, the Hon. W. B. Robinson, Chief Justices Macaulay and McLean, Judge Jonas Jones, Dean Bethune, of Montreal, and his brother, Bishop Strachan’s successor in the See of Toronto, the Hon. H. J. and G. S. Boulton, Col. Vankoughnet, father of the chancellor, Donald Æneas Macdonell, and others, sat at the feet of the ex-dominie of Kettle. Dr. Strachan removed to York, at the insistance of General Brock, and, in 1812, became rector of York. For the first time he now entered the political sphere, by taking the initiative in forming a loyal and patriotic society. The times were out of joint; war was imminent, and with characteristic vigor the new rector came to the fore. There was a strong heart beating beneath the ecclesiastical vestments, and he had an opportunity soon of showing his mettle. When the long expected shock of war came on, there never was a busier or more useful man than Dr. Strachan. It has been remarked that when York was taken, he was “priest, soldier, and diplomatist,” all in one. At the capture of York, he was incessantly active. After the explosion by which General Pike was killed at the old fort, the Americans threatened vengeance upon the defenceless town which had been evacuated by General Sheaffe and his forces. The rector, however, was equal to the occasion; and, as a contemporary writer puts it, “by his great firmness of character, saved the town of York in 1813 from sharing the same fate as the town of Niagara met with some months afterwards.” The sturdy clergyman at once visited General Dearborn, and threatened that if he carried out his threat of sacking the town, Buffalo, Lewiston, Sackett’s Harbor, and Oswego, should be destroyed as soon as troops arrived from England. His earnestness and determination moved the American, and he spared the little Yorkers from any systematic burning and plunder. But all the danger was not over; marauding parties wandered about the town seeking for plunder, and not unfrequently were confronted by the sturdy little rector. On one occasion two American soldiers visited the house of Colonel Givens, who was an officer in the retreating army. The inmates were absolutely helpless, and the marauders made off with the family plate. Dr. Strachan at once went after them, and demanded back the stolen property. Under the circumstances this was a singularly courageous thing to do, and apparently a hopeless one. But the rector was a man of unwavering resolution, and managed at last, without any other weapon than that which nature had placed in his mouth, to secure the return of the goods to their rightful owner. The pluck and bravery displayed by him throughout that trying time showed sufficiently the real “grit” of the man, and the boldness and strength of will shewn then, characterized his life. In resolution and determined perseverance, he was every inch a Scot. In 1818 began Dr. Strachan’s public life in the ordinary sense of the term; for he was then nominated an executive councillor and took his seat in the Legislative Council. He remained a member of the government until 1836, and of the Upper House up to the union of the provinces in 1841. About the time of Dr. Strachan’s appointment as councillor, began the politico-ecclesiastical conflict which was only brought to a close within the memory of the existing generation. By the Imperial Act of 1774, which conceded to the Gallican clergy the right to collect tithes, provision was made for the support of “a Protestant clergy;” and in 1791, one-seventh of the lands was set apart for that purpose in Upper Canada under the name of Clergy Reserves. In 1819, the Presbyterians of Niagara petitioned the lieutenant-governor, Sir Peregrine Maitland, for a grant of £100 for the support of a Scottish Church minister, and boldly hinted that the grant should come from the funds arising from the Clergy Reserves. This memorial was forwarded in due course to Earl Bathurst, the colonial secretary, who replied that the reserves were intended for the established churches of England and Scotland, and not for “denominations” referred to by the governor. This despatch at once aroused Dr. Strachan, who in 1823 forwarded a memorial protesting against the attempt to distribute funds intended for the Anglican church. His somewhat narrow creed, political no less than ecclesiastical, to be rightly understood, must be viewed from his own standpoint, and it may be readily condoned when one contemplates his vigor and patriotic impulse. The law officers of the Crown decided that the Clergy Reserves were not intended exclusively for the Anglican church. As there were two established churches, each equipped with “a Protestant clergy,” they were of opinion that the Church of Scotland had an equal right with the sister communion to a share in the land endowment. They went still further and vindicated the claims of other Protestant denominations. No sooner was this conceded by parliament than the entire ground was cut from beneath the feet of those who advocated a monopoly in state support for religion. Before the Union of 1841, no less than sixteen measures which had passed the Legislative Assembly for the secularization of the Reserves were rejected by the Legislative Council. It was only after a bitter struggle, lasting over more than thirty years, it was finally set at rest by the Act of 1854. During the whole period Dr. Strachan was faithful to his principles, and could brook no compromise. In 1836 he resigned his place as executive councillor, and in 1839 became the first bishop of Toronto. The following year he ceased to be a member of the Legislative Council, and abstained thenceforth from taking any part in public affairs, save in that department which may be termed church politics. The other subject of intense interest with him was the Provincial University. Twenty-eight years elapsed before any attempt was made to carry out the project of Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe. In 1827 a Royal charter was granted in favor of King’s College. It was to be essentially an Anglican university. In the four faculties, all the professors were to be “members of the Established United Church of England and Ireland,” and were required “to severally sign and subscribe the Thirty-nine articles.” The only liberal provision in it was an exemption from any religious test on the part of students and graduates in faculties other than that of divinity. King’s College was not opened until 1843, and in 1850 all that made it valuable in the bishop’s eyes were eliminated. All that was distinctly Anglican disappeared. The faculty of divinity was abolished and, as far as education was concerned, “all semblance of connection between church and state,” proclaimed afterwards in the preamble to the Clergy Reserve Act, was done away. The venerable bishop was equal to the emergency, and started on a mission to Britain to raise funds, and in little more than six months he returned with the first fruits,—some sixteen thousand pounds sterling. In the spring of 1857 the corner stone of Trinity College was laid, and in the beginning of the following year the building was so far completed as to be fit for occupation. The Royal charter was secured in 1853. Thus, by the inextinguishable ardor and energy of one zealous prelate was the purpose of his life at last secured. In other directions, the memorable prelate certainly effected work of unquestionable value. So soon as the severance between church and state had been formally proclaimed, his administrative and legislative tact was employed in placing the Anglican church upon a sound governmental basis. To him the laity of that communion owe it that they are represented in the synods of the church as substantially as with the Presbyterians. The bishop’s later years were spent in efforts to extend the usefulness of the church to which he was so ardently attached, and during the evening of his long and eventful life he was universally respected by men of all creeds and political parties. He had lived in the province and been a conspicuous actor in its affairs from the days of Governor Simcoe to the opening year of confederation, and died on the 2nd of November, 1867, in the eighty-ninth year of his age, manful, energetic and courageous to the last. The last tribute of respect was paid to Bishop Strachan by the attendance at his funeral of the two universities, with whose early fortunes his name was indissolubly associated. The national societies, the clergy of all churches, Protestant and Catholic, all the civic dignitaries and institutions, were fully represented on the occasion, and it was not without significance that the troops, regular and other, lined the streets, and that the strains of martial music were heard at the burial of one who was first a churchman of the military type, and next a patriotic citizen.

Wallbridge, Hon. Lewis, Chief Justice of Manitoba, born in Belleville, Ontario, 27th November, 1816, and died at Winnipeg, on the 20th October, 1887, was a grandson of Elijah Wallbridge, a United Empire loyalist, who settled in Canada shortly after the American war of independence. His father was a lumber merchant of Belleville. The family emigrated from Dorsetshire, England, on account of having taken part in the Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion against King James. Mr. Wallbridge received his education under the late Dr. Benjamin Workman in Montreal, and at Upper Canada College, Toronto. He studied law in Robert Baldwin’s office, Toronto; was called to the bar in 1839, and created a Queen’s counsel in 1856. In 1858 he was elected to the parliament of Canada, subsequently becoming solicitor-general, and a member of the Macdonald-Dorion government. In 1863, whilst holding the office of solicitor-general, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons, which position he occupied for a little more than four years, and presided over the debate on confederation at Quebec. After retiring from political life he practised law in Belleville, and on the death, in 1882, of Hon. E. B. Wood, chief justice of Manitoba, was appointed to succeed him. Hon. Mr. Wallbridge was one of the last survivors of a long line of prominent Canadian politicians whose records as such are, for the most part, now known only in history. It is almost fifty years since he first began the practice of his profession, and almost the lifetime of a generation since he first entered parliament. He was a moderate Reformer in politics. He was of a kindly genial disposition, and had many personal friends. He was buried at Belleville, Ontario.

Brodie, Robert, Merchant, Quebec, was born in Montreal on the 11th May, 1835. His parents, Charles Brodie and Elizabeth Kerr, emigrated from Innerleithen, Peeblesshire, Scotland, in 1831, and settled in Montreal. Robert, the subject of our sketch, received a common school education in his native city, and in 1850, when but a lad of fifteen years of age, entered the dry goods establishment of Henry Morgan & Co., the then leading retail store in Montreal, and continued in this business until 1855, when he removed to Quebec city. Here he entered the employment of his brother, Charles Brodie, who was at that time carrying on an extensive flour and provision business. In 1859 Charles Brodie died, when Robert, with his brother William, succeeded to the business, and continued to carry it on on a more extensive scale, under the firm name of W. & R. Brodie. In 1868, Thomas Brodie, another brother, was admitted a partner, the firm name remaining unchanged. The operations of the firm then further extended, and the three brothers are now doing the largest business in their line in the ancient capital. Besides an extensive local trade, they send to the Provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia annually large quantities of flour and provisions. Outside of business hours, Mr. Brodie has taken an active part in whatever movement happened to be on foot calculated to improve the social condition of the people among whom he resided. He has been a total abstainer all his life, and was one of the first to join the Rechabites, when this temperance order was first introduced into Canada. When it was superseded by the order of the Sons of Temperance at a later date, he joined the new order, and for many years was one of its most active members. He is one of those who firmly believe in the doctrine that the liquor traffic must be ultimately suppressed by law. Apart from social reform, he has also been connected with most of the local enterprises originated in Quebec city during the past fifteen or twenty years, either as an assistant or promoter. He is a shareholder in the Quebec Steamship Company; the Quebec and Levis Ferry Company; the Quebec Fire Insurance Company; the Quebec Bank, etc. He, with others, originated the Quebec Worsted Company and is one of its directors. Mr. Brodie has been a member of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners for a number of years. This board is composed of six members—three being appointed by the city council and three by the local government, and he is the appointee of the city council. He has not had time to extend his travels beyond Canada, but he has visited nearly every point of interest in the Dominion. In religion, he is a Presbyterian. For a number of years he has been an elder in Chalmer’s Church, and was a commissioner from the presbytery of Quebec to the general assembly held in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in June, 1887. He has always been a Liberal in politics, and gives a generous support to the Liberal party. In 1865 he was married to Jane, daughter of David Blair, of Lotbinière, Province of Quebec, who emigrated from Scotland in 1831.

Rourke, James, Manufacturer, St. Martin’s, New Brunswick, was born at Musquash, St. John county, N.B., on the 27th of June, 1838. His father was William Henry Rourke, a descendant of O’Rourke, one of the kings of Ireland. His mother, Phœbe Ann Cronk, born in Digby, Nova Scotia, came of a Lancaster, England, family. Mr. Rourke received his education in the schools of his native parish. He removed from Musquash in 1858, to Hopewell, Albert county, N.B., and in 1863 left Albert county and took up his permanent abode at St. Martin’s, where he now resides. Early in life he devoted himself to business pursuits, and is now extensively engaged in the manufacture and shipping of lumber at St. Martin’s. He is connected with the St. Martin’s Manufacturing Company; the Upham Railway Company; the North-Eastern Railway Company, and the Bell Telephone Company. He takes an interest in military affairs, and is captain of the St. Martin’s Rifles Company of Volunteers. He is a past master of the Masonic brotherhood, and is also a member of the order of Oddfellows. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and is vice-president of St. Martin’s Liberal-Conservative Club. At the last general election he was nominated for a seat in the New Brunswick legislature for St. John city and county, but failed to carry his election, although he received a large vote. He was a member of the municipal council of St. John city and county from 1876 to 1886, but on his being appointed a valuator he resigned. However, he was again elected in 1887 to a seat in the council, as representative of his parish. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 16th March, 1871, he was married to Charlotte Wishart, daughter of Captain B. Wishart, a native of Scotland.

Ure, Rev. Robert, D.D., Minister of the Presbyterian Church, Goderich, Ontario, though a long resident of Canada,—having come to the country in 1842—is a Scotchman by birth. He was born in the parish of Shotts, Lanarkshire, on the 23rd January, 1823. His father, John Ure, was an iron founder in Dumbarton, Scotland, and, like many other enterprising men of his day, helped to develop the iron industries of his native country, and are now held in grateful remembrance by the toiling thousands in the south-west of Scotland. His mother was Barbara Dalziel. The Ure family, from which the subject of our sketch is descended, came originally from France, being Huguenots, and settled in Scotland. Robert received his primary education in his native parish, and when only nineteen years of age emigrated to Canada, and settled in Hamilton, Ontario. Having resolved to devote himself to the ministry, he for a time studied privately with the late Rev. Alexander Gale, M.A., Presbyterian minister, and then, in 1845, entered Knox College, Toronto, and completed his theological course in 1850. The same year he received a call to the Presbyterian Church in Streetsville, where he remained for twelve years. In 1862 he removed to Goderich, and here he has since labored with great acceptance, and is greatly beloved by his flock. Dr. Ure’s scholastic attainments are of a high order, and in recognition of this, Queen’s College, Kingston, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in May, 1876. For two years he lectured in Knox College, Toronto, on apologetics, still attending to his pastoral duties, but in consequence of ill-health he had to give up this lectureship. During the years 1879-80 he gave lectures on homiletics in Queen’s College, Kingston, and when the Knox College Alumni Association was formed, the doctor was chosen its first president. Dr. Ure took a conspicuous part in bringing about the union of the Presbyterian churches in Canada; first with the United Presbyterian Church, and secondly with that connected with the Kirk of Scotland. During the negotiations for the former union he was convenor of one committee, and the late Rev. Dr. William Taylor, of Montreal, of the other. When the scheme had been consummated, Dr. Taylor, being the senior, was honored by being chosen first moderator of the General Assembly of the united churches, and Dr. Ure had a similar honor conferred upon him by being its second moderator after the union. In the subject of education the doctor takes the deepest interest, and for a long period he served as grammar school trustee. He has a large parish, with two country stations attached, and has the advantage of an assistant. He is an eloquent preacher, and his sermons are noted for their earnestness and originality. He has been twice married. He was married to his first wife, Margaret Gale, sister of the late Rev. Alexander Gale, M.A., first Presbyterian minister of Hamilton. This estimable lady died in December, 1869. His present wife is Mary Fraser, widow of the late Sheriff Macdonald, of Goderich.

Taché, Eugene Etienne, Quebec, Assistant Commissioner of Crown Lands for the Province of Quebec, Provincial Land Surveyor for Upper and Lower Canada, and Architect, was born at St. Thomas, Montmagny county, on the 24th of October, 1836. His father was the Hon. Sir Etienne Paschal Taché, one of the fathers of confederation, and his mother, Sophie Morency. Mr. Taché, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, and at the Upper Canada College, Toronto. In 1862 he held a captain’s commission in the Chasseurs Canadiens in Quebec, and after his temporary removal to Ottawa, held for a time the position of lieutenant in the Civil Service Rifle Corps. He is also a captain in the sedentary militia of Quebec. In 1869 he received the appointment of assistant commissioner of Crown Lands for the province of Quebec, and this position he occupies now. As a surveyor, he has had considerable experience. For eighteen months, while studying this branch of his profession under Walter Shanley, C.E., he was engaged on the survey of the Ottawa Ship Canal. As an architect, too, he has done a good deal, having acted in this capacity in the erection of the Quebec parliamentary buildings, and the Quebec drill hall. He was also the designer of the handsome façades on the new court house, in Quebec. In the midst of his various duties he has devoted some time to travel, and in 1867 visited Britain, France, and Italy. He is the author of “Maps of the Province of Quebec,” of which he issued two editions, the first in 1870, and the second in 1880. In religion, Mr. Taché is a Roman Catholic. He has been twice married; first, in July, 1859, to O. Eleonore Bender, who died without issue; second, to Clara J. Duchesnay, daughter of the late Hon. Antoine Juchereau Duchesnay, senator. Five children have been born of this union.

Adams, Aaron A., Coaticook, province of Quebec.—Mr. Adams, who was born at Henniker, New Hampshire, United States, on the 2nd September, 1806, and died at Coaticook, on the 13th of August, 1887, at the ripe age of eighty-one years, came to Canada when only sixteen years of age, and made his home in the Eastern Townships. He went into trade in 1832, at Georgeville, then an important place, and removed to Barnston in 1837, where he continued to trade with the late M. W. Copp, and others until 1853. Then he took up his abode in Coaticook, then a straggling village of about a dozen houses. He traded here for some years in company with John Thornton, and was subsequently largely interested in mining operations, at the time it was very active in the townships. Of late years Mr. Adams’ private business was principally confined to farming. For the past fifty years scarcely any public enterprise, affecting the interests of this part of the townships, has been carried through without Mr. Adams’ active and cordial support. He was for many years a leader in municipal matters, and in perfecting Coaticook’s present municipal organization. He was a member of the first district council, and under the new order a member of Barnston Council, of which he was mayor for several years, and at different times warden of the county. He was a member of the first council of Coaticook and mayor, which office he held for several years of this first council, elected twenty-three years ago, only one member, A. K. Fox, now survives. Mr. Adams was an active promoter of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway, now operated by the Grand Trunk and connecting Montreal and Portland. He was also actively engaged in the Massawippi Valley road, now operated by the Passumpsic Company. The establishment of the Eastern Townships’ Bank was actively promoted by him. He was one of the first directors, and from 1880 to 1885 was vice-president of the institution. He was also for many years a director of the S. and S. Mutual Insurance Company. All local enterprises received active and substantial support from him. He was, from its foundation, a director of the flourishing industry, the Coaticook Knitting Company, of which he was vice-president at the time of his death. In religion, Mr. Adams was a Methodist, and most zealous and consistent in his belief and practice; he joined this church at an early age, and for many years was a class leader and Sunday school teacher in its service. Few men led a more active and useful life, and his death was greatly regretted by his numerous friends. He left a widow, two daughters, and two sons, namely: Mrs. Pomroy, of Compton; Mrs. Baker, of Haverhill, Mass.; A. F. Adams, of Coaticook; and George E. Adams, of Boston, United States.

Cimon, Hon. Marie Honorius Ernest, Fraserville, Rivière du Loup (en bas), a Puisne Judge of the Superior Court for the province of Quebec, was born at Murray Bay, province of Quebec, on the 30th March, 1848. He is a son of Cléophe Cimon, notary public of Murray Bay, who represented Charlevoix county in the Canadian Assembly from 1858 to 1861. His mother, Marie Caroline Langlois, was a sister of the late Jean Langlois, Q.C., a distinguished member of the bar of Quebec, who represented, for several years, the county of Montmorency in the House of Commons. Cléophe Cimon, the father of our sketch, was born at Murray Bay, January 30th, 1822, from the marriage of Hubert Cimon, by Angèle Simard dit Lombrette. Hubert Cimon, his grandfather, was born at l’Isle-Verte, province of Quebec, April 22nd, 1789, from the marriage of Jean Baptiste Cimon, by Marie Angélique Salomée Miville dit Dechéne, and died in Bay St. Paul, county of Charlevoix, August 27th, 1854. Jean Baptiste Cimon, his great-grandfather, was born July 20th, 1751, at Rivière Ouelle, province of Quebec, from the marriage of Jean François Cimon, by Marie Dorothée Gagnon. This Jean François Cimon (whose name was then written Simon) was his first ancestor who came alone from France to settle in Canada, about the year 1744, leaving his father, Joseph Simon, with Jeanne Lefeuvre, his mother, in the parish of St. Pée, Evêché de Coutance, province de Rouen, en Normandie, France, where they were living. Judge Cimon was educated at Ste. Anne de Lapocatière’s College, Seminary of Quebec, and Laval University, where he became a licentiate of law (LL.L.) in June, 1871. He was called to the bar of Lower Canada on the 12th July, 1871, and took up his residence in Chicoutimi (Saguenay), where he practised from July 16th, 1871, to July, 1882. He acted as Crown prosecutor in Chicoutimi from 1873 to 1882, and from 1871 to 1882 his services were retained in all the important cases brought before the courts of that district. He sat in the House of Commons for the united counties of Chicoutimi and Saguenay from 1874 to 1882 as a Conservative member. For eleven years he was an active promoter of all the public enterprises in the Saguenay and Lake St. John country; and to his efforts and energy are due the telegraphic line to Chicoutimi, the Marine Hospital, the deepening of the river Saguenay. Members of the then House of Commons well remember how strongly he advocated the Federal subsidy, granted in the session of 1882 to the Quebec and Lake St. John Railway, and the other important public works obtained by his influence for the Chicoutimi and Saguenay counties. He was mayor of the town of Chicoutimi from 1881 to 1882, and also president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Chicoutimi. He was appointed a Queen’s counsel in January, 1882, and elevated to the Bench on the 20th July, 1882, with residence at Perce, Gaspé county; but soon afterwards, in June, 1883, was transferred to Joliette, province of Quebec. He received the commission of revising officer for the county of Joliette in October, 1885, and resigned this situation in May, 1886. He resided in Joliette for three years; but since April, 1886, he has administered justice in the district of Kamouraska. The Hon. Mr. Cimon was the recipient of congratulatory addresses, when appointed a judge, from the citizens of Chicoutimi, the bar of Perce, and from the bar of Joliette and l’Assomption on his arrival. He also received a farewell and complimentary address on leaving Joliette, soon followed by a welcome address from the bar of Kamouraska. In religion, he is a Roman Catholic, as his ancestors were. He married, January 27, 1880, Marie Delphine, only daughter of the late Pierre Antoine Doucet, judge of the Sessions of the Peace, Quebec, by Marie Thérèse Delphine, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Judge Bruneau, of the Superior Court, her godfather, and niece and goddaughter of Olivette Doucet, the wife of the well-known historian, Robert Christie, of Quebec, who for over thirty years represented the county of Gaspé in the old Canadian Assembly.

de Cazes, Paul, Secretary of the Department of Public Instruction of the Province of Quebec, was born in Britanny, France, on the 17th June, 1841, and came to Canada in February, 1858. He is the son of Charles de Cazes, who arrived in Canada in 1855, and settled in the Eastern Townships, where he purchased considerable property near Danville. This gentleman was elected member for the counties of Richmond and Wolfe in 1861, and died in 1867, being the only Frenchman by birth who has been a member of the Canadian parliament. Paul de Cazes studied at Paris at L’Institution Loriol, a preparatory or training school for the navy, and at the Polytechnic School. He obtained a certificate from the Military School at Quebec in 1865. He edited Le Messager de Joliette, and Le Courier de St. Hyacinthe for some time. He also owned and edited La Nation, published at St. Hyacinthe; and was for five years a contributor to Le Monde, of Paris. He was admitted to the bar of Quebec in October, 1869, and practised law from that date until 1874 at St. Hyacinthe, in partnership with the Hon. H. Mercier, the present premier of the province of Quebec. In January, 1874, he was sent to Paris as agent for the Dominion, took part in the Paris Exposition of 1878, and was recalled in April, 1879. He was appointed an officer of the department of Public Instruction in April, 1880, and secretary of the same department in April, 1886. He was appointed a member of the Geographical Society of France in 1875, and member of the Royal Society of Canada at its formation. He was vice-president of the first section of the said Society from May, 1884, to May, 1886, and president of the same from May, 1886, to May, 1887, and he is a member of several other learned societies. He is the author of “Notes sur le Canada,” of which four editions have been printed, and of several essays and studies, published at various times in France and Canada. The papers contributed by him to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada are the following:—“Deux Points d’Histoire”; “La Frontière Nord de la Province de Quebec”; “La Langue que nous parlons.” In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic church. He married, on the 3rd November, 1869, Hermine St. Denis, sister-in-law of the Hon. H. Mercier, premier of the province of Quebec.

Ratcliffe, Rev. John Hepburn, Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, St. Catharines, Ontario, was born in the township of East Whitby, county of Ontario, province of Ontario, on the 15th November, 1849. His parents, John Ratcliffe and Margaret Hepburn, were both born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, emigrated to Canada in the year 1833, and were among the pioneers of East Whitby. They belonged to that branch of the Presbyterian church known as the United Presbyterian church, which in 1861 united with the Free church, and formed the Canada Presbyterian church. At the age of fourteen, Hepburn Ratcliffe, their second son, the subject of our sketch, left the farm to engage in mercantile pursuits, but in the course of a few years was led to devote his life to the ministry of the Word. He entered Knox College in the autumn of 1869, and pursued his studies, first under the Rev. George Paxton Young, now the learned professor of metaphysics and ethics in Toronto University, and afterwards in the divinity classes, graduating in the spring of 1876. In October of the same year he was called to the pastoral charge of Ancaster and Alberton, and was ordained and inducted by the Presbytery of Hamilton on the 1st November. Here he continued to labor until May, 1883, when he became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, St. Catharines, where he is now laboring, and is very much respected by his people. He was married on the 11th January, 1887, to Margaret Fletcher, of Toronto.

Saint-Cyr, Dominique Napoleon Deshayes, Conservator of the Museum of National Instruction, Quebec, was born on the 4th of August, 1826, in the parish of St. Jean Baptiste de Nicolet, district of Three Rivers, province of Quebec. His father, Jean Baptiste Deshayes Saint-Cyr, was an honest farmer, and his mother, Josephte Lefebvre Descôteaux. They were both descended from old French families, having numerous representatives all over the province, and more particularly in the district of Three Rivers. After undergoing a successful course of classical studies at the College of Nicolet, Mr. Saint-Cyr proceeded to Sherbrooke, Quebec, at that time settled almost entirely by people of English descent, for the purpose of mastering a knowledge of the English language, teaching French meanwhile at the Lennoxville Grammar School from 1846 to 1848. He then founded the first French Catholic school ever established in Sherbrooke, teaching until 1850. (This school still exists in the town of Sherbrooke, in the same building in which it was started.) In August, 1850, he removed to St. Anne de la Pérade, and lived in that beautiful village until 1876, devoting twenty-six years of his life to the noble work of educating the youth of the country. In 1851, he received his diploma as model school teacher, and in 1859 that of academy teacher. In 1855, he was elected secretary-treasurer of the municipal council of Ste. Anne, and filled the duties of that office until 1863. During that period, the handsome bridge, 1,400 feet long, which crosses the river Ste. Anne, was built, and the same structure is still standing. In 1867 he was admitted a notary public. He attended the Quebec Military School in 1863, and received a first class certificate, and went into camp at Laprairie in 1864. In 1875 the subject of our sketch was induced to enter public life, and was elected to the Legislative Assembly for the county of Champlain by a majority of 122, at the general election which took place on the 7th July of that year. The constituents of his county elected him once more to represent them in the Assembly at the general elections held on the 1st May, 1878, by the handsome majority of 566. The favorite study of Mr. Saint-Cyr had been natural history, and, to have more freedom, he resolved, in 1881, to abandon public life, and to devote his time to the formation of a museum of specimens of natural history of the province of Quebec, with the result of forming the museum of public instruction, which is composed of large collections of plants, insects, fossils, minerals, etc., and for which he was awarded at the last provincial exhibition eleven diplomas, four medals, and two first prizes in cash, and this he considered sufficient reward for his untiring efforts. His appointment as conservator of the Museum of Public Instruction was confirmed by order-in-council on the 6th of April, 1886. In 1882, Mr. Saint-Cyr started on a scientific expedition to the Labrador coast and the islands, returning on the 20th September of the same year. He brought back with him a large number of plants, insects, shells (living and fossil), minerals, etc., to enrich his embryo museum. He made another voyage to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1885, a report of which was published by order of the Legislative Assembly in April, 1886. A second edition of the same work, ordered, at the last session of parliament, to be printed, was issued in November, 1887. He also wrote for several years in Le Naturaliste Canadien on Canadian zoology, etc. At the present time he devotes all his energies to the enlargement and management of the museum entrusted to his care. On the 12th September, 1854, Mr. Saint-Cyr married Marie Rose Anne Amanda, a daughter, of Antoine Deshayes Saint-Cyr and Marguerite Emilie Ricard, by whom he had issue fifteen children, eight of whom still survive, five sons and three daughters. His residence is Ste. Anne de la Pérade.

Thomas, Benjamin Daniel, D.D., Pastor of the Jarvis Street Baptist Church, Toronto.—This popular divine is a Welshman by birth, having been born near Narberth, Pembrokeshire, on the 23rd January, 1843. He comes of a good stock. His parents were Benjamin and Jane Thomas. His father, the Rev. Benjamin Thomas, was pastor of the Baptist Church in Narberth for the long period of forty years. Dr. Thomas received his primary education in Graig House Academy at Swansea, where he spent four years, and then entered Haverford-West, the denominational college of South Wales, where he pursued a regular course of study, and graduated. Immediately on leaving college he was chosen pastor of the Baptist Church at Neath, Glamorganshire, where he successfully labored for six years. In the fall of 1868 he came to the United States, and soon after his arrival entered upon the pastorate of the Baptist Church in Pittston, Pennsylvania, where he remained nearly three years. In October, 1871, became pastor of the Fifth Church, one of the largest in Philadelphia, where he labored with great acceptance until he removed to Canada. In 1882 he was chosen as successor to Rev. Dr. John Castle, who had become principal of McMaster Hall (Baptist College), Toronto, and in October of the same year he settled as pastor of Jarvis Street Baptist Church. Here a large congregation attends his ministrations, to whom he has greatly endeared himself. As a preacher he is popular, and never fails to bring forth things new and old from Bible treasures, and presents them to his hearers in “thoughts that breathe and words that burn.” He contributes occasionally to religious papers and magazines; and a few years ago he published a small volume of great merit, entitled, “Popular Excuses of the Unconverted.” He favors all social movements having in view the elevation of the race, and labors earnestly to extend Christ’s kingdom on the earth. He was married in Wales, in 1864, to Mary Jones, but this estimable lady died in 1886, leaving six children behind, with their father, to mourn her early demise.

Richey, Hon. Matthew H., Q.C., D.C.L., Government House, Halifax, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Nova Scotia, was born on the 10th June, 1828, at Windsor, N.S. He is the third son of the Rev. Matthew Richey, D.D., by his marriage with Louisa Matilda Nichols, a native of New York, but of English parentage, her grandfather having been one of John Wesley’s assistants, and of a Cornish family. Lieutenant-Governor Richey received his education at the Windsor Collegiate School, the Upper Canada Academy (Cobourg), of which his father was the first principal, the Upper Canada College (Toronto), and Queen’s College (Kingston), where he went through the usual course of study in the English branches and classics. He adopted law as a profession, and began its study in Windsor, N.S., in the office of the Hon. Lewis M. Wilkins, afterwards one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1850, and practised his profession in Halifax. In 1873 he was created a Queen’s counsel. He occupied a prominent position among his fellow-citizens of Halifax; sat as alderman in the city council during the years 1858-1864, inclusive; and was mayor of the city for six years, namely, from 1864 to 1867, and from 1875 to 1878. His attention to the duties of his office won general approbation. At the general elections held in September, 1878, he was first elected to represent Halifax in the House of Commons at Ottawa, and occupied a place in that house until his appointment to the position of lieutenant-governor on the 4th July, 1883, and this office he has since held with dignity and satisfaction to the people of Nova Scotia. While in political life he was a member of the Liberal-Conservative party. For some years he was president of the Halifax School Association, a society originated for the purpose of working reforms in the school system of his province; and in 1865, when the law establishing free schools came into operation, he was chosen one of the school commissioners, and served in that capacity for several years. When the University of Halifax was established he was appointed by the government one of the members of the senate of the university, and was also one of its examiners in jurisprudence and Roman law. Mount Allison Wesleyan College, Sackville, New Brunswick, conferred upon him the honorary degree of D.C.L. in 1884. Lieut.-Governor Richey has always manifested a strong inclination towards the promotion of social science, and formerly gave much time to literary and charitable institutions, which, in Halifax, are numerous and well conducted. Mr. Richey was for some years the president of the Halifax Society for the Prevention of Cruelty, and when a member of the parliament of Canada, was active in promoting remedial legislation in furtherance of the objects of such societies. His honor is an adherent of the Methodist Church of Canada. For six years, from 1854 to 1860, he conducted with marked success the denominational organ of that church in the Maritime provinces. While in the Dominion Parliament he did not often speak, but when he did so, was listened to attentively. During the session of 1879 he spoke on the then all-absorbing question—the tariff. In 1880 he was selected by the premier to move the answer to the Speech from the throne; and he led in the adjourned debate on the question of the fishery award, in a speech which covered a large field of constitutional law, and the relations of the provinces to the Dominion under the Act of Confederation. He was married on the 22nd June, 1854, to Sarah Lavinia, daughter of the late Hon. John Hawkins Anderson, for some time member of the Legislative Council, and receiver-general of the province of Nova Scotia, and called by Royal proclamation to the Senate of Canada, 1st July, 1867. Three children have been the fruit of their union. Hon. Mr. Anderson died in 1870.

McNeil, Hon. Daniel, Barrister, Port Hood, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Inverness county, N.S., was born at Mabou, C.B., on the 31st January, 1853. He is the second son of Malcolm and Ellen McNeil, and brother of the Rev. Neil McNeil, D.D., Ph.D., rector of St. François Xavier College, Antigonish. The subject of our sketch is descended, on the paternal side, from Roderick McNeil, of Bara, Scotland, who settled in Cape Breton during the early part of this century. Hon. Mr. McNeil was educated at the St. François Xavier College. He studied law at Halifax; was called to the bar of Nova Scotia in December, 1879, and then removed to Port Hood, the shiretown of his native county. Here he entered into partnership with S. Macdonnell, Q.C., ex-M.P., and continued as a partner with this gentleman for about three years and a half, when the partnership was dissolved. Afterwards he became the senior member of the law firm of McNeil & Hensley, solicitors, notaries public, etc., in the same town. In June, 1883, Mr. McNeil was appointed a school commissioner for South Inverness; in July, of the same year, a notary and tabellion public; and in March, 1884, a commissioner of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia. He has for a number of years taken an interest in all the political movements,—municipal, provincial and federal—and always on the Liberal side. He was first returned to the Nova Scotia legislature at the last general election; and on the 28th June, 1886, was sworn in a member of the Executive Council of Nova Scotia, and took office in the Fielding administration, without a portfolio. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He married, on the 4th August, 1881, Ellen Maria Margaret, youngest daughter of the late James McDonnell. For a period of upwards of a quarter of a century, this gentleman held the important offices of prothonotary of the Supreme Court and clerk of the Crown at Port Hood; also the office of registrar of deeds for the county of Inverness for many years. He was the first inspector of schools for Inverness county under the present educational system of the province.

Chabot, Julien, Harbor Commissioner, Quebec, was born at Levis, in October, 1834, and is a descendant of one of the oldest French families who emigrated from Poitiers, France, and settled in Canada in the vicinity of Quebec in 1632. His father, Julien Chabot, was born at the Island of Orleans in 1800, and died on 10th August, 1864. He came to Levis at the age of thirteen, and here he married Dame Susanne Carrier in 1830. Being engaged in navigation, he gained wealth and reputation by promoting the local industries of Levis. He built the first horse boat which crossed the ferry between Quebec and Levis in 1828, and afterwards the first regular ferry-boat which ran between the two cities in 1844. He was also extensively engaged in the towing business, and between the years 1845 and 1860 he built several tug steamers to tow sailing vessels from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Montreal. His son Julien, the subject of our sketch, was educated in the Seminary of Quebec from 1846 to 1853; and in 1856 he became a partner with his father, and took the management of the business. In 1863 he succeeded, with all the tug owners of the port of Quebec, in forming a joint stock company, called the St. Lawrence Tow Boat Company, and had it incorporated on the 12th of May of that year, for the purpose of towing large sailing vessels from the Gulf to Montreal, and he had the management of this company for twenty-three years. During this period he supported the views of the president of the company, Hon. Thomas McGreevy and of the bishop, D. Racine, in inaugurating in 1866 the Saguenay line, which has proved so beneficial to the colonization of the Chicoutimi district and the St. John valley. Since 1874 a daily line has been established to Ha! Ha! Bay and Chicoutimi, the management of which is highly praised by the local and principally by the American tourists. The Saguenay line is now connected with the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company, and is under the special management of its inaugurator, Mr. Chabot. He had the control of the Quebec and Levis ferries for several years, during which period the old system of summer and winter ferries were remodelled and rebuilt in the best modern style, and were classified the best ferry steamers in Canada. Mr. Chabot having been impressed from his boyhood with the difficulties of the winter navigation of the St. Lawrence, several successful tests were made by the St. Lawrence Steam Navigation Company, under his supervision, during the winter months on the Lower St. Lawrence. Mr. Chabot is now the oldest member of the Quebec Harbor Commissioners trust, having been on active duty since 1870, and has helped as trustee with his co-members in building the extensive harbor improvements in the port of Quebec, and in securing for Levis, his native place, the location of the largest graving dock on this continent. He was twice elected president of the Board of Trade of Levis. In religion, he is a member of the Roman Catholic church, and held the office of church warden in Notre Dame church in 1879. A Conservative in politics, Mr. Chabot has taken a prominent part in support of his principles. He contested the county of Levis in 1874 against Louis Honoré Frechette, the poet laureate, when the Liberal party came into power, but was defeated by the influence of the Federal government by only a small majority. He married, on the 26th October, 1857, Marguerite Aimée Brunelle, daughter of the celebrated ship builder, Pierre Brunelle, of Quebec.

Lugrin, Charles H., A.M., Barrister, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Fredericton in 1846. His parents were Charles S. Lugrin and Martha Stevens. (See sketch of Charles S. Lugrin.) Mr. Lugrin received his education at the Collegiate School of Fredericton, and at the New Brunswick University, graduating from the latter institution in 1865. For some time he taught the St. Stephen’s High School, and afterwards studied law. In 1868 he was admitted attorney, and called to the bar of New Brunswick in due course. He was appointed clerk of the peace, clerk of the county court, and clerk of circuits for Victoria, N.B., in 1869. He removed to Grand Falls, Victoria, in that year, and remained there until 1874, when he took up his abode in Fredericton, and joined in a law partnership with George Botsford. Since that time he has been engaged, with much success, as counsel in many important criminal cases. He acted as counsel for the temperance party in New Brunswick, in the cases involving the constitutionality of the Canada Temperance Act. He has also engaged largely in journalism, and took an active part in politics, unsuccessfully contesting Victoria for a seat in the local legislature in 1878. He was appointed secretary of the Board of Agriculture in 1885. He is the author of the works—“New Brunswick: Its Resources, Advantages and Progress;” “Open Season;” “The Fertile Belt,” and numerous pamphlets and letters upon New Brunswick, commercial union, temperance legislation, and other subjects. He volunteered and was enrolled at St. Stephen at the time of the threatened Fenian raid in 1866; and afterwards was appointed a captain in the reserve militia. He is a past worthy patriarch of the Sons of Temperance; and secretary and treasurer of the New Brunswick branch of the Prohibitory Alliance. He has been secretary of the Fredericton Board of Trade. In religion he is an adherent of the Methodist church, and in politics a Liberal. He is married to Maria, daughter of G. L. Raymond, now of Olympia, Washington territory. Mr. Raymond was grandson of Rice Raymond, a loyalist from Long Island.

Spencer, Elijah Edmund, Frelighsburg, province of Quebec, M.P.P. for Missisquoi county, is of English and Welsh descent, but his immediate ancestors were United Empire loyalists. He is a son of the late Ambrose S. Spencer, who was for many years one of the most prominent men and magistrates of the county, and whose father before him was among the first who settled in that section, and took an active part in the stirring scenes connected with its early history. His mother, Mary Thomas, is a daughter of the late Major P. Thomas, who was also one of that hardy band of pioneers who battled so successfully with the rougher elements of an early settler’s life. Elijah Edmund Spencer, the subject of our sketch, was born in St. Armand East, on the 19th April, 1846, and has always resided in the immediate vicinity of his ancestral home. He received his education mainly at the Frelighsburg Grammar School, but subsequently passed through a course of study at Poughkeepsie, in the state of New York. In June, 1883, he was married to Frances S., daughter of the late R. L. Galer, of Dunham, province of Quebec, with whom he now resides at his home overlooking the pleasant village of Frelighsburg. In religion, he is a Protestant, and in politics, a Liberal-Conservative. He has always followed farming as an occupation, and has at the present time a large landed estate demanding his personal supervision. From his boyhood he has taken an active part in municipal affairs, and held in succession many prominent offices in the town and county. He was for some time president of the Missisquoi County Agricultural Society, and is now president of the Missisquoi and Rouville Mutual Fire Insurance Company. At the general election in 1881, for member of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Quebec, the county being essentially an agricultural one, and its farming interest largely predominating, he was brought forward as a candidate, representing a class which were thought to be as equally deserving recognition as the commercial and manufacturing interests of the country. The result was his return by a large majority, and he took his seat, being one of the youngest members of the house. At the last general election, in 1886, he again came forward as a candidate, and his course in the house during the five years he held the seat being eminently satisfactory, his constituents again honored him with their confidence, and re-elected him for another term.

Valin, Pierre Vincent, Shipbuilder, Château Richer, county of Montmorency, province of Quebec, was born at Château Richer, on the 1st of June, 1827. His parents, though not possessed of a large share of this world’s goods, were industrious and highly esteemed. From an old record we find that the family belongs to the nobility of old France, although in this democratic country they do not see fit to wear the title they are entitled to. We quote the extract: “Extrait de ‘L’Art Héraldique,’ par A. Playne, avocat et professeur chez Charles Osmond, libraire, enregistré à Paris le 23 décembre, 1716, avec approbation du roi du 2 décembre, 1716, par Fouquet. Valin . . . de gueules à la bande composée d’argent et d’azur.” Toussaint Valin, the father of the subject of our sketch, married Marie Tremblay, of Eboulements, county of Charlevoix, and they settled in Château Richer, where their elder children were born. The space at our disposal is too limited to admit of a narrative of the various phases through which Pierre Vincent Valin has passed in the course of a long and eventful career; we will simply refer in a general manner to the difficulties surmounted by the indefatigable energy he displayed from his youth until, having started from the lowest rung of the social ladder, he finally attained the pinnacle of rank and wealth. Through his own efforts, with only his energy and the good principles inculcated in his mind by zealous parents, he obtained sufficient education to enable him to hold, in after years, the following prominent positions: chairman of the Quebec Harbor Commission; member of the Legislative Assembly, and member of the House of Commons. In these divers posts his social and individual qualities made him a friend to all those who came in contact with him. His remarkable business tact and sterling integrity soon brought him to the front rank among the princes of finance and commerce, and he has fairly earned the title ascribed to so many in this country, “self-made man.” In his youth he worked at different trades, and devoted the whole of his scanty earnings to help his parents, and commenced shipbuilding when yet quite a young man. He soon rose to the position of employer, and as his business increased, so did his facilities for doing the work he was engaged in, until he gave employment to hundreds of men, paying $5,000 in wages alone every week. In the beginning of his career he fully developed the capacities he possessed, being at the same time architect, builder, clerk, bookkeeper, and his own consignee, seller and buyer on the European markets. He still owns several large ships which are engaged in the East India trade. He is also interested in steamers running to Newfoundland. He crossed the Atlantic sixty times in the transaction of business, and made warm and devoted friends in both France and England, in the best society of these countries. In 1872, the warm-hearted population of Quebec East, to whom he had been a benefactor, begged him to represent them in the city council. After serving a short time as councillor, his constituents sent him to the Legislative Assembly in 1874, and he made his first appearance in public life. In 1878 he presented himself before the electors of Montmorency, who elected him in preference to Jean Langlois, the former representative of the county, by a majority of 226. On the 14th January, 1880, he was unseated on petition, but re-elected again. At the general election of 1882 he was again chosen as the Conservative standard-bearer of the county of Montmorency over Charles Langelier, one of the strong men of the Liberal party. At the last general election (1887) he was unsuccessful, the majority against him being only one vote. Since he has acquired wealth Mr. Valin has made a noble use of his means. The whole county, and more particularly his native parish, are greatly indebted to him for the improvements he has made. He bought from the Lemoine family the splendid mansion called “Château Beau Pré,” and the numerous and artistic improvements with which he has adorned the château and its alentours, have made it a lovely spot, which excites the admiration of all the American tourists who visit this part of the country every summer. The beautiful parish church building, with its costly decoration and numerous oil paintings, has been mainly built by him, and as a crowning gift he presented the curé with its largest bell. The employment he gives to the laboring class of Château Richer gives sustenance to a large proportion of its population. Apart from his individual means, he has been able to secure an expenditure of over $80,000 by the government in public works in the county of Montmorency, and by untiring efforts has succeeded in establishing telegraphic communication between the mainland and the Island of Orleans. On the inhospitable beach of St. François and Ste. Famille, where so many lives have been lost by wrecks, two wharves were built at considerable expense. The channel of the St. Lawrence was deepened and widened between the island and Beaupré, thus enabling ships to pass through at low tide without danger. The placing of twelve lights and six buoys on the river, reducing danger from wrecking to the least proportion, is also due to his influence. In 1880 he presented the Cercle Catholique of Quebec with a handsome banner woven in golden cloth, which he had brought from Paris. He is chairman of the Harbor Commission of Quebec, and since he has held that office several important works have been undertaken and carried to a successful issue, among others may be mentioned the following: the graving dock, the Basin Louise, the work done opposite Quebec by the lifting-barge, etc. Mr. Valin married in 1854, Marie Angélique, daughter of Joseph Talbot, Beaumont, Bellechasse county. She died on the 8th of October, 1883. He married a second time, on the 10th June, 1885, in the chapel of the Sacred Heart, Quebec, Marie Virginie Célina, a daughter of the late and regretted Dr. P. M. Bardy, in his lifetime one of the most remarkable men of the city of Quebec, and a descendant of a French family of rank, in fact the Count de Bardi and the Duke de Parma being the sons of Madame Louise, the only sister of the late Henry V., Count de Chambord, the legitimate successor to Louis XVIII., and consequently the heir to the throne of France, if that country had retained its monarchical institutions. In the remarkable work of Benjamin Sulte, “L’Histoire des Canadiens-Français,” will be found a complete biography of Dr. Bardy, who was the first president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Quebec. On the occasion of the marriage of Mr. Valin, we clip the following from La Patrie of the 12th of June, 1885:—“A telegraphic despatch from Quebec announces the marriage of P. V. Valin, M.P. for Montmorency, and chairman of the Harbor Commission for Quebec, to Célina Bardy, only daughter of Dr. Bardy, the founder and first president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Quebec, in his lifetime one of the foremost citizens of the ancient capital. Miss Bardy, who is a lady endowed with wonderful beauty and good qualities, has conquered a most enviable rank among the littérateurs of the province. She is a member of L’Académie des Muses Santonnes, France. We extend our hearty congratulations to the happy couple.” The following extract is taken from the Ottawa Citizen of the 18th June, 1885:—“Last evening, while the Hon. J. A. Chapleau, secretary of state, was speaking on the Pacific Railway resolutions, applause commenced on the ministerial side and soon became general. Many persons were unable to discern for a time the cause of it, as the remarks of the honorable gentleman did not call for any expression of approval, more especially on the part of ‘honorable gentlemen opposite.’ It turned out that the greeting was addressed to Mr. Valin, M.P. for Montmorency, who had just entered the chamber on his return from his honeymoon trip. He acknowledged the compliment by bowing his head, and after the applause subsided, Hon. Mr. Chapleau complimented him in a few elegantly constructed sentences, wishing the honorable gentleman the supreme degree of connubial bliss.” These flattering newspaper comments show clearly the high esteem Mr. and Mrs. Valin enjoy among their friends, as well as among the members of the whole house.

Morin, Louis Edmond, President of the Corporation of Pilots, Quebec, was born on the 25th August, 1837, in St. Rochs, Quebec, Canada. He was the fourth son of a family of six children. His father, Michel Morin, was a sea pilot for a period of fifty years on the river St. Lawrence, and died at the advanced age of seventy-seven in 1880. His mother, Christine Nolet, is still living, and in full possession of her health, at eighty years of age. Mr. Morin, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the Christian Brothers’ School, and afterwards at Thom’s Commercial Academy, Quebec. He was for two years in one of the largest dry goods stores in the upper town of Quebec, but finding that his health was declining, he left the trade. In 1855 he resolved to follow the calling his father had so very successfully followed, and apprenticed himself as a pilot. He served in this capacity for seven years, during which period he crossed the Atlantic ocean no less than ten times. On the 6th March, 1862, his apprenticeship being completed, he was permitted to act as a sea pilot, and he has been one of the most successful of the profession on the St. Lawrence. In 1868 he was selected to pilot the steamers of the Allan line, and continued to act as such until the fall of 1872, when he retired, on being elected one of the directors of the Corporation of Pilots of Quebec, incorporated by Act of Parliament in 1860. He remained on the board for a period of eleven consecutive years, of which time he was six years president. In 1884 he was again selected to pilot the steamers of the Allan line. In 1885 he was re-elected president of the Corporation of Pilots, and still occupies the same position. In 1873 Mr. Morin was delegated to go to Ottawa in the interest of the sea pilots, in order to watch the passing of the Pilotage Act, and succeeded in getting a clause inserted in this act, whereby a guarantee was given that at the end of each period of three years the salary of the pilots would be increased if their earnings were in the average during the season less than six hundred dollars net. In 1880, with the help of some of his confrères and of several members of the government, he succeeded in getting a by-law passed by the Board of Harbor Commissioners, by which the tariff of pilotage was raised fifteen per cent; but after having several interviews with the members of the Dominion government at Ottawa, with the object of gaining this boon, he failed to secure what he wanted in consequence of a strong outside pressure against the measure. He, however, accepted a compromise, namely that of an advance of seven and a half per cent, on the old tariff, and the promise of the government that the revised tariff would be based on tonnage throughout the whole Dominion. In religion Mr. Morin is a Roman Catholic; and in politics an independent. He was married, in 1863, to Marie Flore Trahan, daughter of the late Edward Trahan, in his lifetime shipbuilder in Quebec, and of Marie Bédard. The fruit of this marriage has been thirteen children, of whom eight are still living, four sons and four daughters.

Jones, Hon. Alfred Gilpin, P.C., Bloomingdale, North-West Arm, Halifax, M.P. for Halifax, Nova Scotia, was born at Weymouth, Nova Scotia, September, 1824. He is a son of the late Guy Jones, who was registrar of deeds for Digby county. His paternal ancestor, Josiah Jones, emigrated from England, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1665. His grandfather, Stephen Jones, a graduate of Harvard College, was an officer in the King’s American Dragoons, and at the close of the revolutionary war settled in Nova Scotia, where he died in 1830. Hon. Mr. Jones was educated at Yarmouth Academy, and chose commerce as a profession. He has been a successful merchant, and is now the head of the firm of A. G. Jones & Co., West India importers. He occupies the position of governor of the Protestant Orphans’ Home, and also that of Dalhousie College; is president of the Nova Scotia Marine Insurance Company, and a director of the Acadia Fire Insurance Company. For a number of years Mr. Jones was lieutenant commanding the 1st Halifax Brigade Garrison Artillery. He sat in the House of Commons at Ottawa from 1867 to 1872, but at the general election, held during the latter year, he suffered defeat. However, in 1874 he was again elected, but resigned in January, 1878, in consequence of an alleged breach of the Independence of Parliament Act, but was re-elected. He was sworn in a member of the Privy Council, and held the office of Minister of Militia in the Mackenzie administration from January, 1878, to September of the same year. At the general elections held in 1878 and 1882, he was an unsuccessful candidate, but at the general election held in 1887 he again presented himself as a candidate, and was returned at the head of the poll. Hon. Mr. Jones has been twice married, first, in 1850, to Margaret Wiseman, daughter of W. Stairs. This lady died in February, 1865. Second, to Emma, daughter of Edward Albrough, of Halifax.

McConnell, John Bradford, M.D., C.M., Montreal, was born on 28th August, 1851, in Chatham, on the Ottawa river, county of Argenteuil. His father, Andrew McConnell, was a son of John McConnell, who came to Canada from Glasgow in 1819, his family consisting of John, Mary, Andrew, William and Agnes. Andrew McConnell was one of the most successful farmers in the county of Argenteuil, having, through his rare industry and indomitable energy, accumulated considerable wealth. He was thus enabled to carry out the intention of his early married life, namely, that of giving the members of his family the advantages of a good education. He has been for a quarter of a century a justice of the peace, a position which he has filled with great ability. The impartiality of his judgments drew to him applicants for justice from the most distant parts of the county. He was appointed captain in the militia during Lord Monck’s administration. He now resides in the town of Lachute. His family consisted of eight children, namely, John Bradford, Gilbert Smith, Richard George, Andrew William, Jessie Ann, James Quinton, Jennie and Hugh. Gilbert, Andrew and James settled a few years ago in the North-West, first at Qu’Appelle, but are now residing in Vancouver. Andrew acted as courier for General Middleton during the recent rebellion, and was one of the nine prisoners rescued at the battle of Batoche. Richard G. is a B.A. of McGill College, Montreal, and now holds a prominent position in the geological survey of Canada. His mother, Martha Jane Bradford, was the youngest daughter of George Bradford, son of the Rev. Richard Bradford, who was the first English church minister in Chatham. This gentleman came to New York in 1782, where he was engaged in a business partnership with a Mr. Smith. A few years later he came to Canada, and became chaplain to the 49th Regiment in 1812. He built a comfortable homestead on the Ottawa at a place called the “Point,” just at the head of the Carillon canal. He then owned the greater part of the township of Chatham, about twelve square miles. He accompanied Captain Cook on a voyage around the world; studied afterwards with an English minister, the Rev. Mr. Jeffreys, whose daughter he married, and their family consisted of Richard, John, Henry, George, Charles, Nancy, Sarah, Eliza, Harriet. The latter was married to the Rev. Joseph Abbott, and one of their sons is the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, senator, now mayor (1887) of Montreal. George married Martha Smith, of Chatham, was a school teacher, and owned a farm on the North River. He died at the age of sixty-five. His family consisted of George, Eliza, Henry, Charles, John, and Martha Jane. John Bradford McConnell, the subject of our sketch, was educated at the district school in Chatham, and at the Carillon Academy, conducted by the late George Wanless, and entered on his medical studies in 1869, at McGill College, Montreal, graduating in 1873. In 1871, he went through the Military School in Montreal, taking a Second class certificate, and the same year was appointed lieutenant in the 11th battalion Argenteuil Rangers. Subsequently, for a period of about eight years he was assistant surgeon in the 1st Prince of Wales Rifles. He has been a member of the Duke of Edinburgh lodge, I.O.O.F., B.U., since 1875; and was grand master of the order in the province of Quebec during the term 1884 and 1885; has been a member of St. James Street Methodist Church, Montreal, since 1878, and is a teacher in the afternoon Sunday-school. He was, with the late W. J. B. Patterson, a delegate from the Young Men’s Christian Association, of Montreal, to the convention in Poughkeepsie in 1874. He has taught in the medical faculty of the University of Bishop’s College during the last eleven years, first as professor of botany, a subject to which he paid considerable attention during his first year at college. He has one of the largest personal collections of Canadian plants in the Dominion. During the last three years he has filled the chair of materia medica and therapeutics, is lecturer on physical diagnosis, and conducts a practical class on histology and bacteriology. During the summer of 1886 he made an extensive European tour, visiting the hospitals of Dublin, London, Paris and Berlin, taking the course on bacteriology under Professor Koch, in the latter city. He has been in active practice in Montreal since 1873, and is now counted among Montreal’s most successful and reliable physicians. He is a member of the Natural History Society of Montreal; Montreal Microscopical Society; Executive Committee of the Dominion Alliance, Quebec Branch; Medico-Chirurgical Society of Montreal; and British Medical Association. He is one of the attending staff of the Western Hospital, consulting physician to the Montreal Dispensary, of which he was also secretary for about ten years, resigning in 1887. He is senior attending physician to the Protestant House of Industry and Refuge. In 1885, the doctor issued a pamphlet entitled, “Cholera: its Nature, Symptoms, History, Cause and Prevention, with an outline review of the Germ Theory of Disease,” being one of the Sommerville course of lectures (extended) provided for by the Natural History Society of Montreal. The Montreal medical journals show that he has frequently contributed to their pages papers which have been read at the Medico-Chirurgical Society. He was married in 1875 to Theodora Lovell, eldest daughter of Robert Miller, the well-known wholesale stationer, of Montreal, and has six children living, two others having died in infancy.

Jones, Simeon, Brewer, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Prince William, York county, N.B., on the 22nd August, 1828. His father, Thomas Jones, was a native of Weymouth, Nova Scotia, where Simeon Jones, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, settled at the close of the American revolutionary war. His mother, Elizabeth Caverhill, was a daughter of Dr. Caverhill, of Dumfries, Scotland. Mr. Jones was educated in his native parish and at Dumfries, and after leaving school spent two years farming, under his father. He was then employed by Robert Keltie, brewer at St. John, to look after his business; and in the position of manager he remained with Mr. Keltie for eight years. At the end of this period he bought out the business, his late employer retiring, and has successfully conducted it ever since. In 1874, in company with Oliver T. Stone and Joseph R. Stone, Mr. Jones started a private banking house in St. John, under the firm name of S. Jones and Co., and since then the firm has done a good banking business. Almost everything to which Mr. Jones has put his hand has prospered, and this doubtless is owing in a large degree to his close attention to details, and his shrewdness as a manager. In 1879 he was elected a member of the city council, where he served for two years as chairman of the finance committee. So well did he attend to the duties of this office that in April, 1881, he was elected to fill the more responsible position of mayor without opposition, a mark of distinction never before this time conferred in St. John. During his term of office, which lasted for three years, his business capacities and fine executive talents showed themselves to good advantage, and he was one of the most popular chief magistrates St. John ever had. Mr. Jones has been for many years a vestryman of Trinity (Episcopal) Church, and is a generous supporter of various religious and benevolent societies. Indeed, he is never backward in contributing to any enterprise designed for the good of the community among whom he resides. In 1861 he was married to Annie M., daughter of Daniel McLaughlin, St. John, and the fruit of the union has been a family of eight children.

McLeod, Howard Douglas, St. John, Superintendent Southern Division of the New Brunswick Railway, was born at Studholm, Kings county, New Brunswick, on the 29th July, 1838. His father, Matthew McLeod, was of Scotch descent; and his mother, Deborah Heine, of German descent. Howard received a common school education at the schools in his native parish, and afterwards attended, for about six months, Sackville Academy, Sackville, N.B. For about eleven months he taught school in Studholm parish; and in the month of October, 1859, entered the railway service as station agent at Sussex, upon the opening of what was then named the European and North American Railway (now the Intercolonial). Here he remained as agent for two years, when he was removed to the audit department, in the general offices in St. John. From freight auditor he was promoted to accountant of the road, which was then worked as a government road. In 1865 he left the railway service, and took a situation in a leading dry-goods house as book-keeper; but not liking the change he soon abandoned this position. He then connected himself with the building of the railway west of St. John, and upon the completion of the line occupied the offices on it of accountant and general freight agent; and was afterwards promoted to the office of superintendent of the southern division, which position he now fills. Mr. McLeod is a justice of the peace for the city and county of St. John. He has travelled over the greater part of the United States east of the Mississippi, and is also familiar with the principal points in Canada. In religion he belongs to the Baptist church. He was married on the 26th May, 1869, to Isabel Barker, a daughter of T. B. Barker, druggist, and a niece of Sir Leonard Tilley, lieutenant-governor of New Brunswick. Mrs. McLeod died on the 6th July, 1881.

McIsaac, Angus, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Judge of the County Court, was born in the parish of St. Andrew’s, Antigonish county, province of Nova Scotia. His ancestors came from Inverness-shire, Scotland, and were among the earliest Scotch settlers in Antigonish county. He was educated in St. François Xavier College. Admitted to the bar in 1872. Represented Antigonish county in the Canadian House of Commons from 1874 till September, 1885, when he was appointed judge of the County Court for Judicial District No. 6, of the said province. Was married in November, 1882, to Mary, daughter of the late Patrick Power, of Halifax, N.S.

Grant, Rev. George Monro, D.D., Principal of Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario.—In an age too prone to rank mere material good above the higher well-being of man, it is well for Canada that she can claim in Principal Grant a representative Canadian—representative at least of her higher, purer, and more generous life. The principal of Queen’s University is emphatically what the late editor of the “Century” magazine once styled him, “a strong man,” having that union of diverse qualities that constitutes strength. He comes of the fine old Celtic stock which, when its intensity and enthusiasm are blended with an infusion of Anglo-Saxon breadth, energy, and common sense, has produced not a few of the leaders of men. He is a native of the county of Pictou, Nova Scotia, somewhat remarkable for the number of eminent men it has already produced. His patriotic and passionate love for his country in all her magnificent proportions is one of his leading traits, and has much the same influence on his mind which the love of Scotland had on that of Burns, when, in his generous youth, he desired, for her dear sake, to “sing a sang at least,” if he could do no more. Principal Grant was born on the 22nd December, 1835, at Stellarton (Albion Mines), a village on the East River, Pictou county, and his early days were passed in a quiet country home, amid the influences of nature, to which he is strongly susceptible. His father, who was a Scotchman by birth, taught the village school. He was led by circumstances, and doubtless by that “divinity that shapes our ends,” to study for the ministry, and won honorable distinction in his preliminary course in the Academy at Pictou, where the family had removed. His studies were pursued chiefly at Glasgow University, where he came under the strong personal influence and inspiration of the high-souled and large-hearted Norman McLeod, whom in some of his characteristics he strongly resembles. While a student in Glasgow he became a laborer in the mission work carried on amid the degraded inhabitants of its closes and wynds, gaining there an insight into life and character which has been most valuable to him in fitting him for his later work among men. He did not remain long in Scotland, however, for though the beauty and culture of the land of his fathers had many attractions for him, he felt that to Canada his heart and his duty called him. He ministered for a time to the quiet country charge of Georgetown, in Prince Edward Island, from which he was soon called to the pastorate of St. Matthew’s Church, Halifax, one of the oldest congregations in the Dominion. His gifts as a pulpit orator were soon recognised. The force, directness, and reality of his preaching strongly attracted to him thoughtful young men, who found in him one who could understand their own difficulties, and who never gave them a “stone” for the “bread” they craved. His charge grew and prospered, and a new church was built during his pastorate. His ministerial relations were so happy that it was a real pain when a voice that he could not resist called him to another sphere. When his friend and parishioner, Sandford Fleming, civil engineer, was about to start on a surveying expedition for the proposed Canadian Pacific Railway, Dr. Grant accompanied the party for a much-needed holiday. The novel experiences of the long canoe journey, through what was then a “great lone land” with unknown capabilities, strongly impressed his own imagination, and were communicated to thousands of readers through the hastily-written but graphic pages of “From Ocean to Ocean.” This glimpse of the extent and grandeur of the national heritage of Canadians—the fit home of a great people—made him still more emphatically a Canadian, and gave him a still stronger impulse and more earnest aim to use all the powers he possessed to aid in moulding the still plastic life of a young nation born to such privileges and responsibilities. The popularity attained by the publication of this volume (published by Hunter, Rose & Co., Toronto) called attention to Principal Grant as a writer, and though his time and strength have been too much taxed in other fields to leave him leisure for much literary labor, his vivid and forceful style has made him a welcome contributor to Canadian and American periodical literature, as well as to “Good Words” and the “Contemporary Review.” Several articles of his in the “Century” magazine have given American readers some idea of the extent and grandeur of the Canadian Pacific. His happy associations with the inception of this enterprise, and repeated visits during its progress, have given him an almost romantic interest in an achievement worthy of the “brave days of old.” If in the judgment of some he seems to exaggerate its utility, and to lose sight of serious drawbacks and evils which have become connected with an enterprise too heavy for the present resources of the country, the explanation is to be found in the fascination which, to his patriotic heart, invests a work that connects the extremities of our vast Canadian territory, and helps to unite its far-scattered people. It need hardly be said that Principal Grant heartily rejoiced over the confederation of the Canadian provinces, or that he has always been a warm supporter of its integrity, and a staunch opponent of every suggestion of dismemberment. He thinks it not all a dream that this young sturdy “Canada of ours” should indeed become the youngest Anglo-Saxon nation, working out for herself an individual character and destiny of her own on the last of the continents where such an experiment is practicable. It is his hope that such a nation might grow up side by side with the neighboring Republic, and in the closest fraternal relations with it, free to mould its life into the form most useful and natural, and therefore most enduring, but yet remaining a member of the great British commonwealth, bound to it by firm though elastic bonds of political unity, as well as by unity of tradition, thought, and literature. This hope and belief makes him a warm supporter of Imperial federation—a scheme which he thinks full of promise, both for Great Britain herself and for her scattered colonies, as well as for the world at large, in which such a federation might be a potent influence, leading possibly to a still greater Anglo-Saxon federation. To such a consummation his wide and catholic sympathies would give a hearty God-speed. But he believes intensely that, in order to secure a noble destiny, there must be a noble and healthy political life, and that for this there must be a high and healthy tone of public opinion, a pure and lofty patriotism. And this he earnestly seeks to promote so far as in him lies. The following stirring words recently published in the Mail are a good illustration of the spirit in which he seeks to arouse Canadians to their responsibilities: “Duty demands that we shall be true to our history. Duty also demands that we shall be true to our home. All of us must be Canada-first men. O, for something of the spirit that has animated the sons of Scotland for centuries, and that breathes in the fervent prayer ‘God save Ireland,’ uttered by the poorest peasant and the servant girl far away from green Erin! Think what a home we have. Every province is fair to see. Its sons and daughters are proud of the dear natal soil. Why, then, should not all taken together inspire loyalty in souls least capable of patriotic emotion? I have sat on blocks of coal in the Pictou mines, wandered through glens of Cape Breton and around Cape North, and driven for a hundred miles under apple blossoms in the Cornwallis and Annapolis valleys. I have seen the glory of our Western mountains, and toiled through passes where the great cedars and Douglas pines of the Pacific slope hid sun and sky at noonday, and I say that, in the four thousand miles that extend between, there is everything that man can desire, and the promise of a mighty future. If we cannot make a country out of such materials it is because we are not true to ourselves; and if we are not, be sure our sins will find us out.” All narrow partisanship he hates, and every kind of wire-pulling and corruption he most emphatically denounces, whether the purchase be that of a vote, a constituency, or a province. The evils inflicted on the country by the virulence of blind party spirit he has again and again exposed, with a frankness that finds no favor from the thorough-going partisans of either side. During the elections of 1886-7 his voice and pen urged on all whom he could reach the honest discharge of the most sacred trust of citizenship, the paramount duty of maintaining political purity—of opposing, as an insult to manhood itself, every approach to bribery, direct or indirect. Nor were his eloquent appeals to conscience quite in vain. Some elections at least were in some degree the purer because, leaving the beaten track to which some preachers too often confine themselves, he followed the example of the old Hebrew prophets in denouncing the moral evils that threaten to sap the public conscience, and seeking at a public crisis to uphold the “righteousness that exalteth a nation.” In 1877 Principal Grant was called from his pastorate at Halifax, to take the responsible office of principal of Queen’s University, Kingston. It was no sinecure that was offered him, and considerations of personal happiness and comfort would have led him to decline the call. But the university had urgent need of just such a man to preside over its interests, and he could not refuse what he felt a call of duty. The institution was passing through a financial crisis, and it was imperatively necessary that it should be at once placed on a secure basis, with a more satisfactory equipment. He threw himself into his new work with characteristic energy, and his great talent for organization and comprehensive plans soon made itself felt. It is mainly due to his counsels and efforts that the university has been able to lengthen her cords and strengthen her stakes, as in the last ten years she has done. His eloquence stirred up the city of Kingston to provide a beautiful and commodious building to replace her former cramped and inconvenient habitation. But the gifts that he secured for her treasury were of less account than the stimulus imparted to the college life by his overflowing vitality and enthusiasm—a stimulus felt alike by professors and students. The attendance of the latter largely increased, and the high aims and ideals of the principal could not fail to have their influence on all its grades, down to the youngest freshman. He has always treated the students not as boys, but as gentlemen, seeking to lead rather than to coerce, and under his sway there has been no need of formal discipline. The application of female students for admission to the university led him to grant their request without reluctance or hesitation, from a conviction that public educational institutions should be open to the needs of the community as a whole, and, in supplying these, know no demarcations of sex. Without taking any special part in the movement for the “Higher Education of Women,” he believes that every individual who desires a thorough mental training should have the opportunity of procuring it. He has a firm faith in the power of the ineradicable laws of human nature to prevent any real confusion of “spheres,” and believes that it is as beneficial to the race as to the individual, that each should receive the fullest training and development of which he or she is susceptible. On the subject of University federation, Principal Grant has maintained a strongly conservative attitude. He believes firmly in the wisdom of respecting historic growth and continuity of organisation, and in the salutary influence of honorable traditions on institutions as well as countries. He deprecates extreme centralisation, as narrowing the scope of education for the many, even though raising its standard for the few. He thinks that for Canada, as for Scotland and the United States, several distinct universities, each with its own individuality and esprit de corps, will prove most useful in the end; and that the Queen’s University, for the good work she has done and the high position she has maintained, deserves to preserve her continuous historic life. Heartily endorsed in this position by the trustees and graduates of the university, he has set himself vigorously to the task of raising by voluntary subscription such an endowment as shall give it an assured position for the future, in the face of the growing needs of higher education in Canada. Probably no other man would have dared such a task, but that he will carry it to a successful completion few can doubt who know the man and the magnetic power over men of his cheery and resolute spirit. Principal Grant has since his appointment acted as professor of divinity also. His prelections in the class-room, like his preaching, are characterised by breadth of thought, catholicity of sympathy and vividness of presentation. He has instituted a series of Sunday afternoon services for the university, conducted sometimes by himself or other professors, sometimes by eminent preachers from other places and of different denominations. These are much appreciated, not only by the professors and students, but also by a large class of the thoughtful citizens of Kingston, to whom—though many admirable sermons are preached there—none are more welcome than those of the principal himself. As a preacher he is marked by simplicity, directness, earnestness and force. For “fine writing” and rhetorical and finished periods he has no admiration, and aims instead at the direct conversational style for which he has the highest of all examples. He is not afraid of plain speaking, and prefers direct appeals to heart and conscience to theological disquisitions. Valuing only that vital religion which is the root of right feeling and right action in daily life, he has no respect for a “profession” of faith without its fruits. As in the case of political sins, so he denounces social and individual sins with the same fearless freedom, believing that this is one of the preacher’s most solemn duties. He strives not for effect but for effects, and though he not infrequently rises to impassioned appeals, he aims rather at producing permanent conviction than temporary excitement. His moral influence on the community is somewhat analogous to that of the late Rev. Henry Ward Beecher in the neighboring republic. He is always on the side of the generous and unselfish policy as against that of mere expediency, and he seeks to uphold the pursuit of a noble idea as infinitely better than that of mere material success. Many, especially of young Canadians, owe to him their perception of this truth, and some measure of inspiration for his enforcement of it, and from the example of a noble and unselfish life. But while ever ready to promote with heart and hand any movement for the real good of humanity, he believes in no artificial panacea for evil. He holds that as this is radical, having its root in human selfishness, that power alone, which can change the natures of individuals, can in the long run change the condition of masses, and he believes that the only true light of a darkened World streams from the Cross. “In this sign” all his efforts, all his teachings find their inspiration. To him it is the most real of all realities; and to make it such to others is the central aim and impulse of his life. His faith in this, and in the duty of the Christian church to fulfil her “marching orders,” have made him a warm advocate for Christian missions, giving a catholic sympathy to all, of whatever name, who are seeking to plant among the heathen abroad what he holds to be the root of a true Christian civilization, or who are laboring by any method to humanise and christianise the heathen at home. The narrowness of conventionality in religion is as repulsive to him as that of creed or ritual. He delights to own true brotherhood with all who “profess and call themselves Christians,” and he looks and labors for the true spirit of unity in the Christian church, which shall give it its true power in the world. It is the inspiration of this faith and hope which has made his life so fruitful in power and inspiration, and will make him live in many hearts and lives when other men, as prominent now, shall be forgotten.

Gendreau, Jean Baptiste, Notary Public, Coaticook, county of Stanstead, province of Quebec, was born on 25th February, 1850, in that part of the old parish of St. Hyacinthe now called Ste. Madeleine, in the province of Quebec. His father, Jean Baptiste Gendreau, was first a farmer and afterwards an hotel keeper in the parish of St. Pie, in Bagot county. Jean Baptiste Gendreau, the subject of our sketch, first studied at the College of St. Hyacinthe, and after completing his college course, passed a few months in the Jesuits’ Novitiate, at Sault-au-Récollet, near Montreal. He left the latter place for Coaticook in the fall of 1873, where he served for a few months as a clerk in a store, and then, in May, 1874, he decided to study the notarial profession. This he did for four years, and was then admitted to the profession of notary in May, 1878. He then settled in Coaticook, where he still resides and does a good business. Though comparatively a young man, he has taken a prominent part in all the public questions, and is now one of the leading citizens of his district, especially amongst the people of his own nationality. When Mr. Gendreau first settled in Coaticook it was a village municipality, erected in January, 1864; now it has grown to be an enterprising place, and there are several manufactories and industries established in it. Mr. Gendreau has successfully filled the following offices, namely: secretary-treasurer of the Catholic School Board since 1875; municipal councillor since 1881; president of the old Coaticook Building Society at the time of its liquidation in 1882; director of the Eastern Townships Colonization and Credit Company of Lake Megantic since 1882; mayor of Coaticook, after its erection into a town, in 1884 and 1885, and warden of the county of Stanstead during the same years; and is now the revising officer of the same county under the new Dominion Franchise Act. He was married to Marie Rose Durocher, daughter of Gédéon Durocher, a notary public of the parish of St. Aimé, in Richelieu county.

McKnight, Robert, Owen Sound, Registrar of the county of Grey, was born at Kilkeel, in the county of Down, Ireland, on the 4th September, 1836. His parents were Robert McKnight and Eliza Gray. He received a scanty education in the schools of his native village, and when only nineteen years of age left his native land for Canada. He arrived in New York in the latter end of June, 1858, and while there he engaged with the captain of a whaling ship to go to the Arctic regions on a whaling expedition, but in consequence of the ship not being ready to put to sea at the time agreed upon, he broke off the engagement and started for Canada. Arriving in Tossoronto, Simcoe county, he found employment in a saw mill. Six months after the mill was placed in his charge, and the entire business was conducted by him for the next three years. In 1860 he left the mill, and took charge of a school in the adjoining township of Essa, where he remained for another three years. Leaving Essa, he took up his abode in Tecumseth, where he taught for another three years, and during this time secured the highest grade of a first-class teacher from the County Board of Education. In 1864 he entered the Military School at Toronto, and received a cadet’s commission. He raised a company of volunteers at Markdale during the Fenian raid, and was chosen captain, but the minister of militia having declined to increase the strength of the 31st battalion, the company disbanded. Subsequently, however, on his removal to Meaford, he accepted a lieutenant’s commission in No. 2 company Grey battalion, and remained in the service until he was appointed registrar of Grey, when he resigned. Bidding good-bye to school teaching, he opened a general store in the village of Markdale, Grey county, where he remained for two years and then sold out. He next took up his abode in Cookstown, Simcoe county, and here began business anew, adding drugs to his general business. Next year a fire broke out in the village, and, among other buildings, swept away Mr. McKnight’s store and dwelling. Nothing disheartened by this calamity, although a great loser by the destruction of the contents of both store and dwelling, he went to work and paid up every dollar of his indebtedness. He then removed to the then rising village of Meaford, and went into the drug and grocery business, and through close attention to business he soon overcame his losses at Cookstown, and it was not long before he became one of the leading citizens, taking an active part in everything pertaining to the advancement of the village. As a politician he was ever active, having first taken a part in the contest between the late Hon. William McMaster and John W. Gamble, in the old home district, for a seat in the Legislative Council of Canada. At this time Mr. McKnight sided with Mr. McMaster and the Reformers, and has ever since worked in the same ranks. In 1872 he was chosen by the Reformers to contest East Grey against W. R. Fletcher, the Conservative candidate, for a seat in the House of Commons, but he failed to secure his election. Again, in 1874, he took the field against his old opponent, but at the close of the poll it was found that Mr. Fletcher still held the seat, although only by a majority of three hundred, on the previous occasion he having carried his election by six hundred majority. In 1875 Mr. McKnight was once more chosen to carry the Liberal standard, and this time in North Grey. His opponent was David Creighton, the sitting member, and editor and proprietor of the Owen Sound Times, a gentleman well known throughout the riding, while Mr. McKnight was practically an outsider. The battle was a fierce one, but at the end of it Mr. Creighton held his old seat in the Ontario legislature, only, however, by a majority of fifty-nine. In 1874 Mr. McKnight was made a justice of the peace, and the same year a commissioner per dedimus potestatem. He was appointed registrar for the county of Grey in 1875, and to this office he now devotes the principal part of his time. His removal from the arena of politics has given the subject of our sketch some leisure to practise his favorite pursuits—notably, floriculture and horticulture—and his home in Owen Sound testifies to his skill and taste in both. But fortunately for his neighbors he does not confine himself to his own private pursuits. He is at present president of the Mechanics’ Institute; a member of the Board of Education, and of the Board of Health; and an active member of the Masonic fraternity. He is well known as an enthusiastic apiarist. He is one of the leading spirits of the Ontario Bee-keepers’ Association, having been present at the convention held in Toronto, when it was first organized, and presided over the deliberations of that meeting in the city hall for three evenings. He was elected the secretary-treasurer of the newly-organized association, and on him devolved the perfecting of the organization, which he did thoroughly and well. For two years he held this position, and during that time edited the bee department of the Canadian Farmer. The following year he was elected president, and he has been on the executive committee ever since. He was appointed one of the delegates to represent Ontario’s display in the Colonial exhibition, held in London, England, in 1886. The magnificent display of honey was due in a very great measure to his efforts, as after a fair trial it was found that he possessed the art of staging the goods to the best possible advantage, and we think we may say, without fear of contradiction, that he has no superior, if an equal, in this line. To him alone was left the entire arrangement of the display, and the bee-keepers of Ontario feel very grateful for his untiring efforts in watching and carefully keeping the display up, changing it from day to day and from week to week, and making it always look fresh, as if just placed in position. He not only worked in the honey-building, but frequently spent hours after midnight with the pen to maintain the honor and reputation of the bee-keepers of his adopted country. He is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. In 1865 he was married to Miss McLean, daughter of Duncan McLean, of Elm Grove, and has a family of three children.

Torrance, Hon. Frederick William, B.C.L., Judge of the Superior Court of the Province of Quebec.—The late Judge Torrance was born in Montreal on the 16th July, 1823, and died in the same city on the 2nd January, 1887. He was a son of John Torrance, in his lifetime one of the leading merchants of Montreal. Judge Torrance received his primary education at private schools at Montreal, at the Nicolet College, and at Edinburgh under private tutors; and finally entered the University of Edinburgh, where he took the degree of M.A. in 1844, ranking second in the order of proficiency in classics and mathematics. He had previously, in 1839-40, followed courses of lectures at Paris, France, at the Ecole de Médecine and at the Collège de France. He studied law with the late Duncan Fisher, Q.C., and the Hon. James Smith, subsequently attorney-general for Lower Canada, and a judge of the Queen’s Bench. In 1848 he was called to the bar of Lower Canada. In 1852 he formed a partnership with Alexander Morris, who afterwards for a time filled the position of chief justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench for Manitoba—the firm being known as Torrance and Morris. In 1861, Hon. Mr. Morris having entered the political arena, was elected to represent South Lanark in the Legislative Assembly, and shortly afterwards removed to the province of Ontario. He was succeeded in the firm by his brother, J. L. Morris. On 27th August, 1868, Mr. Torrance was appointed a puisne judge of the Superior Court of Quebec, and from that time until his death earned for himself the reputation of an eminent jurist, and an upright, careful and painstaking judge. His decisions in business matters were always considered of great value, on account of his extensive experience in commercial law while practising at the bar. Judge Torrance was lecturer and professor of Roman law in McGill University (of which he was governor, and from which he obtained the degree of B.C.L. in 1856) from 1854 to 1870. In 1865, he was one of the commissioners appointed to enquire into the St. Albans raid affair, and did good service. In conjunction with Strachan Bethune, Q.C., J. L. Morris, and the late Mr. La Franaie, he brought out the Lower Canada Jurist, to which he contributed for many years. He was intimately connected with the Fraser Institute, and with the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott devoted much of his time towards establishing a free library in connection therewith. In religion Judge Torrance was a staunch Presbyterian, and he took a deep interest in all things relating to that church. He was president of the Presbyterian Sabbath-school Association, and after being connected with the Coté Street Church, Montreal, for many years, he became an elder of Crescent Street Church, which position he held at the time of his death. He contributed materially to the foundation of the Montreal Presbyterian College, and always took a lively interest in its welfare. He was also a life governor of the Montreal General Hospital. He subscribed largely to the general fund of the Home and Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian church. He took special interest in the missions to the Jews. He always identified himself enthusiastically with Sabbath-school work. He was known as a generous, kind-hearted and public-spirited citizen, and his death was deeply regretted by a large number of personal friends and the whole community, by whom he was held in great esteem. Some ten years ago he married Mrs. Pugh, of Louisville, Ky. He left a widow, but had no children. Judge Torrance was not reputed to be very wealthy, but during his lifetime his donations to the institutions with which he was connected were large and numerous.

Thomson, Donald Cameron, Lieutenant-Colonel, Lumber Merchant, Quebec, one of the most esteemed and successful men of business in the ancient capital, was born in 1823, at Kenlochiel House, near St. Andrew’s, county of Argenteuil, province of Quebec. His father served as a commissariat officer during the war of 1812; and his mother belonged to the family of Lochiel. In 1860, when the Trent outrage aroused the loyalty of Canada’s sons, Mr. Thomson raised a company of volunteers, and was attached to the battalion commanded by Lieut.-Col. De Salaberry, and on the latter retiring from the service, Captain Thomson was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy, and given command of the battalion. He was out during the Fenian troubles, and subsequently retired retaining his rank. For a number of years Colonel Thomson has been actively engaged, and still continues, in the export trade of timber to Britain, etc. He took a prominent part in the creation of the Union Bank of Canada, at Quebec, as well as in the formation of several commercial companies connected with river navigation. At present he is a director of the Union Bank of Canada; vice-president of the Quebec Steamship Company; president of the Saguenay & Lake St. John Railway Company; director of the St. Lawrence Steamboat Company; and director of the Quebec Ferry Company. A lover of sport Col. Thomson divides his summer vacation between the secluded salmon pools of the Murray river, leased to him, and his rustic cottage at Pointe-à-Pic, Murray Bay. Later on one may meet him scouring for cariboo, with an Indian guide, the snow-clad heights in rear of Baie St. Paul, known as Les Jardins. In politics the colonel may be counted among the Liberal-Conservatives, and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He is married to Annie Atkinson, niece of the late Henry Atkinson, of Spencerwood.

Oulton, Alfred E., Dorchester, Judge of Probate for the county of Westmoreland, New Brunswick, was born in Westmoreland, on the 2nd March, 1845. His parents were Thomas E. Oulton and Elizabeth Carter, both natives of Westmoreland county, whose ancestors came from Yorkshire, England, and settled in Westmoreland in 1763. Mr. Oulton received his education at the schools of his native place, and after attending in his father’s store for a while, went to Sackville, New Brunswick, and spent three years in Mount Allison Academy, taking a course of studies which embraced the higher mathematics and the Latin language. He adopted law as a profession, and pursued his studies in the office of A. L. Palmer, now judge in equity of New Brunswick. He was admitted to practice as an attorney in June, 1867, and as a barrister in June the following year. He then went into a law partnership with Mr. Palmer for three years, when Mr. Palmer removed to St. John and the partnership was dissolved. Since then he has carried on business on his own account, and we may say here that he has been a very successful lawyer. His practice extends into all the courts in the province, and also into the Supreme courts of the Dominion, and he does a great deal of office work, such as the collecting of claims, conveyancing, and general notarial work. Mr. Oulton was elected secretary of the municipal council of Dorchester, N.B., on its organization on the 7th June, 1887, and still holds the office. On the death of Governor Chandler, he was appointed judge of probate, August 1, 1878, and is considered practical and painstaking in the discharge of his official duties, and gives great satisfaction to the public. He is a commissioner for the Admiralty Court of New Brunswick. He joined the Masonic order in 1866, and was for three years in succession master of the Blue lodge at Dorchester. He is also a Royal Arch Mason, being a member of the chapter held at Moncton. In religion he is a member of the Church of England; and in politics a Conservative. He was married in June, 1883, to Kate Estabrook, daughter of the late G. B. Estabrook, of Sackville, N.B., and they have a family of three children, two boys and one girl.

McIsaac, Colin F., Barrister, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, M.P.P. for Antigonish, was born at South River, Antigonish county, in 1856. He is of Scotch descent, his ancestors having come from Inverness-shire, Scotland, many years ago, and settled in Antigonish county. His brother, Angus McIsaac, now judge of the county court of Antigonish, sat in the House of Commons at Ottawa from 1873 to 1885. Colin F. McIsaac was educated at St. François Xavier College, in his native county. Having adopted law as a profession, he devoted some years to study, and on 12th January, 1880, was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia, since which time he has successfully practised his profession. In 1882 he was elected a governor of St. François Xavier College, and has occupied this position ever since. He entered political life in 1886, and at the general election held that year was elected by a handsome majority to represent Antigonish in the Nova Scotia legislature. In politics Mr. McIsaac is a Liberal; and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic church.

Philp, Rev. John, M.A., Pastor St. James Street Methodist Church, Montreal, is a Canadian by birth, having been born in the town of Cobourg, in the province of Ontario. His father, the Rev. William Philp, a native of Cornwall, England, was for nearly forty years a minister of the Wesleyan Methodist church in Canada. His mother was a person of rare excellence of heart and life. Rev. Mr. Philp, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Victoria University, Cobourg, and graduated in the arts course in 1861, receiving the B.A. degree, and taking the Hodgins prize. Three years later the same university conferred upon him the M.A. degree. He entered the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist church in 1860, when in the twentieth year of his age, and while yet at college. In June, 1861, he received his first appointment. In June, 1865, he was married to Miss Maggie Grafton, of Dundas, Ontario, and has a family of four children, living, the eldest of whom will soon graduate in medicine in McGill University, Montreal. His stations in order have been Oakville, Dundas, St. Mary’s, Woodstock, Fairfield, Windsor, Paris, St. Mary’s, Queen’s Avenue Church, London; Wesley Church, Hamilton; Carlton Street Church, Toronto; St. James Street Church, Montreal, and few ministers in the denomination can show more work done in the Master’s vineyard during nearly twenty-eight years. Fairfield circuit, near Brantford, was his first superintendency, and here extensive revivals of religion took place. One of the finest country churches was erected on what is known as Fairfield Plain. At Windsor during his term, the small frame building in which the congregation had long worshipped was superseded by a new and attractive brick church. At Paris, the present beautiful sanctuary was built, and thus the interests of Methodism there greatly furthered. At St. Mary’s, a remarkable temperance movement took place, in which over two thousand signed the pledge. In this he took an active part. During his term in London, the Queen’s Avenue Methodist Church was modernised and beautified, at a cost of $14,000. And since he took charge of the St. James Street Church, Montreal, the congregation, by their spirit and liberality, have begun a signally important and greatly needed work—the erection of a representative church in a more central part of the city; which, when it is completed will be the most imposing and commodious religious edifice of Methodism in Canada. Mr. Philp has received many marks of esteem and confidence on the part of his brethren in the church. He has been the secretary of the London Conference; secretary of the Examining Board; delegate to the General Conference; Conference examiner for the Theological College, Montreal; preacher of one of the baccalaureate sermons for Victoria University, &c. Though greatly devoted to his ministerial duties, he has found time to go abroad a little, making a trip to Britain, and a tour through the Continent, sailing up the Rhine, lingering amid the glories of Alpine scenery, and viewing some of the principal cities of Europe. While in England, nothing affected the reverend gentleman more than a visit to the little Cornish town where his (now sainted) parents were born and spent their early days. From that unpretentious centre (Lostwithiel and its immediate vicinity) came eight young men who knew each other in their boyhood, and who entered the ministry of the Methodist church in Canada, doing blessed and effective service for Christ. Most of them have since passed to their reward. Rev. Mr. Philp is a firm believer in the great doctrines of truth as held by the Methodist church, not because they are the creed of the church, but because they are the vitalities of Christian life; preeminently, the divinity of the Son of God, the vicarious character and sufficiency of the atonement, free and full salvation alone through faith in Christ, regeneration, the witness of the Spirit, the divine authority of the Holy Scriptures. But, while strongly attached to the Methodist church, he would scorn all narrowness of thought and view, all servile devotion to mere dogma, all sectarian prejudice and caste, and would most fervently pray with the Apostle, “Grace be with all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity.” He believes that the pulpit should be progressive in its spirit and aim; abreast of the times in sanctified scholarship and power to teach, wisely conservative in its doctrinal tendency (by which he means not too eager to hail and foster new things), gospel in its character, never descending to the level of the mere lecture platform, or wasting its energy in mere speculative enquiry. Its one mission should be to preach Christ with all tenderness, simplicity, earnestness and directness as the sinner’s hope, the world’s saviour. The Montreal Daily Star, of the 24th October, 1887, thus kindly speaks of the Rev. Mr. Philp:—“He is a comparatively young man, although his ministerial work has been much greater and more varied than falls to the lot of men of his years. In the pulpit he presents the appearance of a man of great intellectual power, and his delivery bears out the impression, as his discourses are logical and keenly analytic. His elocution is easy, and increases in animation as he approaches the conclusion and application of his arguments. Mr. Philp is noted as a successful revivalist, and he has held in many places large meetings, and by his earnest, self-denying labors in every station in which he has labored caused large increases in the membership of his church. While especially active in forwarding the advance of the spiritual interests of his flock, Mr. Philp is not forgetful of the fact that the handmaids of religion, architecture, music, etc., have also their influence on the people. He has endeavored to promote their cultivation in available forms, and his efforts in the direction of improving the ecclesiastical structures over which he has had control, and the erection of others, have been peculiarly successful.”

Paton, Hugh, General Manager and Secretary of the Shedden Company, Montreal, was born at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, on the 5th October, 1852. His parents were William Paton and Mary Shedden, of Kilbirnie, Ayrshire, Scotland. Mr. Paton received his education in the Grammar School of Paisley, Scotland. In 1871 he came out to Canada, to reside with his uncle, the late John Shedden, railway contractor, Toronto. He entered Mr. Shedden’s office in Toronto, and remained there until that gentleman’s untimely death in 1873, he having been killed by a train on the Toronto and Nipissing Railway, when celebrating the opening of that line, which he had built. Mr. Paton then removed to Montreal, where he has since resided, and became secretary-treasurer of the Shedden Company, general forwarders and carriers, and cartage agents for the Grand Trunk Railway, which succeeded to the business of the deceased Mr. Shedden. This position he occupied until 1879, when he became manager and secretary, and this office he still holds; and we say here that Mr. Paton is now the principal proprietor of this company. He was honorary secretary-treasurer of the Province of Quebec Turf Club for four years; and honorary secretary-treasurer of the Montreal Tandem Club for two years. From 1879 to 1886 he was honorary secretary-treasuror of the Montreal Hunt; and this year (1887) he was elected master of the fox hounds, and that position he now holds. He has always taken an interest in racing and in agricultural pursuits, and is the owner of a farm near the city of Montreal where he resides during the summer months, and where he indulges in his favorite pursuits. He has owned several “Queen’s platers” and “steeple-chasers.” Since Mr. Paton took charge of the Shedden Company he has considerably extended its ramifications over the Dominion of Canada and the Western States of America, carrying on the business of contractors, forwarders, and carriers, owning about eight hundred horses, and grain and general storage warehouses at several points. In 1879 he made an extended tour over the continent of America, visiting nearly all the western states, and among other places of note Salt Lake City, the Yosemite valley, and San Francisco. Since then he has twice travelled over the continent of Europe. Mr. Paton is a Liberal-Conservative in politics; and in religion is an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married in 1884 to Bella Robertson, daughter of Andrew Robertson, formerly merchant, Montreal, and now chairman of the Montreal Harbor Commission.

De Wolfe, Charles Edgar, Windsor, Barrister, Judge of Probate, and Revising Barrister for the county of Hants, Nova Scotia, was born in the town of Windsor, the shire town of the county of Hants, Nova Scotia, on the 22nd of July, 1845. His parents were James Lovitt De Wolfe, and Margaret A., daughter of the late Thomas Lovett, of Cornwallis, Kings county, Nova Scotia. Their children were Charles Edgar, Sarah Frances, widow of the Rev. H. P. Almon; Amelia Isabella; Benjamin Arthur, who died 17th February, 1845; James Lovitt, a doctor, residing in England; Benjamin Alfred, who died 17th August, 1851; Perez Morton, head of the well-known book firm of De Wolfe, Fiske & Co., Archway Book Store, 365 Washington street, Boston; Annie, wife of W. I. Fenwick, broker, Montreal, and Mary Agnes. J. L. De Wolfe was a lawyer, studied law in the office of the late Judge L. M. Wilkins; and subsequently, and for many years, Mr. De Wolfe was engaged in mercantile business in the town of Windsor, in the widely-known firm of B. De Wolfe & Son, in which he was junior partner. He died on 16th April, 1863, and his wife died on 23rd November, 1886. Benjamin De Wolfe, grandfather of C. E. De Wolfe, was the senior partner in the before-mentioned firm. He was member for Hants county in 1827-31. He married a Miss Lovitt, of the city of St. John, New Brunswick. They had four children, James Lovitt, Benjamin, lost at sea when acting as supercargo of a vessel; George, a medical student, also dead; and Sarah L., who now resides in Windsor. Benjamin De Wolfe, senior, died 9th December, 1863. Loran De Wolfe, the father of Benjamin, was born at Say Brook, Connecticut, 7th April, 1754. He resided in Windsor, or about three miles from it, the greater portion of his life. He married Mary Fox, of Cornwallis, Kings county. They had five children, viz., Benjamin, Phœbe M., George, Hannah, and Isaac. In 1791 Loran De Wolfe was assessor for the town of Windsor. The “Baptist Missionary Magazine” for April, 1835, in an obituary notice of him remarks: “As an instance of the public confidence in this worthy man, we may remark that he was elected in 1812 by acclamation, to represent the township of Windsor in the General Assembly. He retained his seat until ill health obliged him to retire from public life.” Nathan De Wolfe, father of Loran, and great-great-grandfather of C. E. De Wolfe, was born in Say Brook, Connecticut, in 1720, graduated A.M. in 1743, at Yale College, New Haven, and was engaged in the practice of law. He had previously “owned the covenant,” or joined the Congregational church, 7th June, 1741. He married, first, about 1748, Lydia Kirtland, daughter of John Kirtland. His second wife was Lydia Beldon, born at Say Brook, October 28th, 1721. Their children were Lucilla; Edward, born 1752; Loran, born 7th April, 1754; Elisha, born 5th May, 1756, and Nathan. Nathan, senr., came to Horton, Kings county, Nova Scotia, in 1760. He was a successful farmer. The Nova Scotian census returns of 1770 give a detailed account of his farm produce and stock. His residence was on the east side of the main post road, opposite to the present Baptist church, in Wolfville (1887). His legal practice did not interfere with his agricultural pursuits. He was for many years senior justice of the peace for Kings county. He was also registrar of probate, and took an active part in public affairs. He died at Horton on the 21st of March, 1789, aged sixty-nine years. Charles Edgar De Wolfe, the subject of our sketch, after receiving the usual course of education, entered upon the study of law in the office of the solicitor of the city of Portland, Maine, U.S., and continued his studies in the office of S. L. Morse, Q.C., Bridgetown, Annapolis county, Nova Scotia, and completed them in the office of the Hon. James Macdonald, Halifax, the present chief justice of Nova Scotia. He was admitted to the bar on the 19th of July, 1870. In 1880 he was appointed judge of probate for Hants county; and in 1886 was made revising barrister for the same county, under the Electoral Franchise Act, and both offices he still continues to hold. Previous to his becoming a law student, Mr. De Wolfe owned and edited a weekly newspaper in Bridgetown, and for five years he was proprietor and editor of the Windsor Mail, published at Windsor, N.S. He has taken a deep interest in the temperance movement, and on various occasions, and in different places in his native province, delivered strong addresses on its behalf. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and has been an active party man in his county. On the 12th of October, 1887, he was married to Cassie H., daughter of Samuel Grey, of New Annan, Colchester county, N.S. Mrs. De Wolfe was, before her marriage, a captain in the Salvation Army, and a very zealous worker for God and humanity in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but through ill health, had to retire from active service in the army. Mrs. De Wolfe has a sister in India, working there as a missionary, under the direction of the Baptist Board of Foreign Missions, of Nova Scotia.

Killam, Amasa Emerson, Moncton, Manager of the St. Martin’s and Upham Railway, M.P.P. for Westmoreland county, New Brunswick, was born on the 25th of August, 1834. His parents were born in New Brunswick, his father on the 26th of March, 1811, and his mother on the 10th of May, 1812. His paternal grandfather was an officer in the British army, and served during the American war of independence, and on the declaration of peace came to New Brunswick and settled at Sackville. His grandparents, on the mother’s side, were U. E. loyalists, and also became settlers in the Maritime provinces. Mr. Killam received his education at the common schools of his native place. He held the position of postmaster for a number of years, and is now manager of the St. Martin’s and Upham Railway, and in 1884 purchased the Elgin, Petitcodiac and Havelock railway, from Petitcodiac to Elgin, and in 1885 built the extension of the road to Havelock, and became managing director, and in 1886 took an interest in building the Central Railway, from Norton to Fredericton, and is managing director of the company: also managing director of the Buctouche and Moncton railway. He first entered the House of Assembly after the general election held in 1878, as representative of Westmoreland county. At the following general election he failed to be returned; but in September, 1883, on the resignation of P. A. Landry, who was elected to the House of Commons at Ottawa, Mr. Killam was chosen to fill the vacancy. At the general election held in 1886 he again came before his constituents, and was once more chosen their representative in the local house. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. On the 25th July, 1857, he was married, at Sackville, to Millicent Wheaton, and the fruit of the union has been seventeen children.

Young, Sir William, LL.D., ex-Chief Justice of Nova Scotia, Halifax.—The late Sir William Young, who was a Scotchman by birth, was born at Falkirk, in 1799, and died at Halifax, on the 8th of May, 1887. He was a son of John Young, of Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Scotland, who, many years ago, emigrated to Nova Scotia, making Halifax his home. His son William received his education at the University of Glasgow, where he took honors. He then took up law as a profession, was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia in 1826, and appointed Queen’s counsel in 1843. In commencing his career as a lawyer, he had some advantages over most young men, in his family connections, which were quite numerous. But he, wisely, did not too largely depend on this for success; he was well-read, clear-headed, energetic, and bound to get on through his own inherent powers and perseverance. When he had established his reputation at the bar, and became comparatively independent in circumstances, he entered the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia, having been returned in 1833 to represent the island of Cape Breton when it formed an electoral district. Subsequently, when the island was divided, he represented Inverness, extending over a period of twenty-two years—from 1837 to 1859. In the latter year he successfully contested the county of Cumberland against Dr. (now Sir Charles) Tupper. Sir William being at that time leader of the Liberals, or opposition, and Dr. Tupper that of the Conservatives, or government party. Cumberland returned both these gentlemen to the Legislature, there being three members, Sir William, however, taking the lead. Shortly after getting into parliament Sir William showed his boldness of spirit and manly independence by entering his protest against the unjust coal mining monopoly then in existence, which had been granted by the Crown to the creditors of the late Duke of York, a monopoly which he and his brother George were largely instrumental in having removed at a later date. In 1838, during the closing scenes of the Canadian rebellion of that time, he was appointed as a delegate, with others, to meet Lord Durham, and discuss the numerous grievances of which the French population complained. The grievances of his own province he exposed in a letter of vigorous remonstrance, which Lord Durham afterwards annexed to his celebrated report. His associates on this memorable occasion were Mather B. Almon, J. W. Johnson and Jas. B. Uniacke, and sad to say the last of these delegates in the person of Sir William Young has now passed away. They met Lord Durham in Quebec, and in the several interviews with his lordship and his suite, and representatives from the several other provinces, they laid the foundations of the confederacy which in July, 1867, was perfected. In 1839 Sir William Young and Herbert Huntington were sent to Britain to impress upon the home government the removal of grievances existing in Nova Scotia, such a delegation having been found necessary, Lord Durham having thrown up his office, and returned to England in disgust. These delegates showed a considerable amount of tact and diplomatic skill, and their mission advanced the interests of the people in many ways. Their report, which shortly after their return was published, covered a wide field, and exhibited an active correspondence with the several departments of the Imperial government, from which valuable concessions were obtained. During the long period Sir William served in parliament he was a prominent figure in that body, acting either as chairman or leading member on almost every important committee. He became a member of the Executive Council in 1842. In 1843 he was elected speaker of the Legislative Assembly, and occupied this office for eleven consecutive years. In 1854 he became leader of the government as well as attorney-general; and leader of the opposition in 1857, a change of government having taken place. In 1859 he was chosen president of the Executive Council. For all this period, even when in the speaker’s chair, the impress of his strong mind was visible in almost every important measure, as the journals of the house amply testify, from the time he first attacked the coal mine monopoly of the creditors of the Duke of York, to the time of his retirement from the arena of politics. In 1851 he was associated with Messrs. Ritchie and McCully, both of whom afterwards were, like himself, made judges, in revising the statutes of Nova Scotia; and on the floor of the house he was the recognized spokesman of the agriculturists of the province, “a legacy,” which he often jokingly remarked, “had possibly descended to him from his father, the famous ‘Agricola,’” a then popular writer on agriculture both as a science and as an art. In 1860 he retired from political life, and was appointed chief justice of Nova Scotia, and this office he resigned in 1881 on account of age. When appointed to the chief justiceship he brought to the discharge of his high duties a clear intellect, a sound understanding of law, and a well-trained judicial mind, and during the time he sat on the bench he attended to its duties faithfully. His quick apprehension of points of both law and practice, his searching insight into all matters of a difficult or abstract character, made him distinguished as a judge and respected by the bar. In 1876 Sir William started on a six months’ tour in Europe, and, just before he left, the bar of Nova Scotia, and the mayor and corporation of Halifax presented him with addresses, which bore feeling testimony to his eminent services in the legislative halls, on the bench, and as a citizen in all the various spheres of life. To these addresses he made an off-hand and very happy response, showing the cordiality of his disposition and warmth of heart, as well as his readiness and ability as a speaker. In 1868 he received the honor of knighthood from her Majesty Queen Victoria; and in 1881 the degree of LL.D. was conferred on him by Dalhousie College. Sir William Young was married, in 1830, to Anne, daughter of the late Hon. Michael Tobin, M.L.C. She died at Halifax on the 12th January, 1883, at the age of seventy-nine years. Few ladies in Halifax were more generally known or more sincerely respected than Lady Young. She was a lifelong contributor to all public charities of the city, and in her more active years was prominently connected with every benevolent undertaking. Sir William Young was possessed of considerable means at the time of his death, and by his will he left his possessions to various educational, charitable, and other institutes in the city in which he had lived and been so benevolent and public spirited a citizen for the greater part of a century.

Cannon, Lawrence Ambrose, Quebec, Advocate, and Clerk of the Corporation of Quebec city, was born at Quebec on the 20th March, 1814. His father, John Cannon, architect, was of Irish parentage, and his mother, Angèle Griault dite Larivière, was of French descent. Mr. Cannon, senr., was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1824 to 1830, and represented the county of Hampshire, then comprising the present counties of Portneuf and Champlain. He was an Independent in politics, and though not unfriendly to the powers that then ruled, was much attached to the principles of the French Canadian party in the Assembly. He was a strenuous supporter of the Autonomists, who, at the time of the first proposed union of Lower and Upper Canada, exerted themselves so strongly that they succeeded in defeating the measure. Mr. Cannon was also above all an Irishman, and although living in Canada, he deeply sympathized with every movement calculated to advance the prosperity of the land of his birth. He, too, helped his fellow-countrymen in the land of his adoption, and contributed largely by his exertions and means to have erected in Quebec St. Patrick’s Church, which stands to-day as a monument to the religious ardor and generosity of the Irish race in the ancient capital. He was twice married; first to Angèle Griault dite Larivière; and the second time, in 1826, to widow Rosslewin, née Archange Baby. Lawrence Ambrose Cannon, the subject of our sketch, was educated first in private English schools, and afterwards in the Quebec Seminary, where he prosecuted and terminated his classical course of studies in 1833. He entered as a law student the office of Hon. C. R. Ogden, then attorney-general of Lower Canada; and in 1836, that of Stuart and Black. When he had completed his legal studies in 1838, he was called to the bar, and continued to practise his profession until May, 1864. On the resignation of F. X. Garneau, the Canadian historian, the city clerk of Quebec, through ill-health, Mr. Cannon was elected to fill this important position, and he has done it faithfully ever since. Some time after his appointment, the charter of the city was materially amended, thus considerably increasing his duties. Among other important changes, he was charged with the preparing of the lists of the parliamentary electors, and also of the persons qualified to be called upon to act as grand and petit jurors. And by the Act 33 Vict., chap. 46, the sole management of the municipal elections was conferred upon him. He married in 1845, Mary Jane Cary, daughter of the late Thomas Cary, then proprietor and publisher of the Quebec Mercury, and of Marie Anne Dorion. He has three surviving children; one son, Lawrence John Cannon, a practising barrister in Arthabaskaville, and two daughters.