Sos Sos (part 4)

6. Force as measured; amount, numbers, or power of any body, as of an army, a navy, and the like; as, what is the strength of the enemy by land, or by sea

7. Vigor or style; force of expression; nervous diction; — said of
literary work.
And praise the easy vigor of a life Where Denham's strength and
Waller's sweetness join. Pope.

8. Intensity; — said of light or color. Bright Phoebus in his strength. Shak.

9. Intensity or degree of the distinguishing and essential element; spirit; virtue; excellence; — said of liquors, solutions, etc.; as, the strength of wine or of acids.

10. A strong place; a stronghold. [Obs.] Shak. On, or Upon, the strength of, in reliance upon. "The allies, after a successful summer, are too apt, upon the strength of it, to neglect their preparations for the ensuing campaign." Addison.

Syn.
— Force; robustness; toughness; hardness; stoutness; brawniness;
lustiness; firmness; puissance; support; spirit; validity; authority.
See Force.

STRENGTH
Strength, v. t.

Defn: To strengthen. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STRENGTHEN
Strength"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strengthened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Strengthening.]

1. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; as, to strengthen a limb, a bridge, an army; to strengthen an obligation; to strengthen authority. Let noble Warwick, Cobham, and the rest, . . . With powerful policy strengthen themselves. Shak.

2. To animate; to encourage; to fix in resolution. Charge Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him. Deut. iii. 28.

Syn.
— To invigorate; confirm; establish; fortify; animate; encourage.

STRENGTHEN
Strength"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow strong or stronger. The young disease, that must subdue at length, Grows with his growth, and strengthens with his strength. Pope.

STRENGTHENER
Strength"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, gives or adds strength. Sir W. Temple.

STRENGTHENING
Strength"en*ing, a.

Defn: That strengthens; giving or increasing strength. — Strength"en*ing*ly, adv. Strengthening plaster (Med.), a plaster containing iron, and supposed to have tonic effects.

STRENGTHFUL
Strength"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in strength; full of strength; strong.
— Strength"ful*ness, n.
Florence my friend, in court my faction Not meanly strengthful.
Marston.

STRENGTHING
Strength"ing, n.

Defn: A stronghold. [Obs.]

STRENGTHLESS
Strength"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of strength. Boyle.

STRENGTHNER
Strength"ner, n.

Defn: See Strengthener.

STRENGTHY
Strength"y, a.

Defn: Having strength; strong. [Obs.]

STRENUITY
Stre*nu"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. strenuatis.]

Defn: Strenuousness; activity. [Obs.] Chapman.

STRENUOUS
Stren"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. strenuus; cf. Gr.

Defn: Eagerly pressing or urgent; zealous; ardent; earnest; bold; valiant; intrepid; as, a strenuous advocate for national rights; a strenuous reformer; a strenuous defender of his country. And spirit-stirring wine, that strenuous makes. Chapman. Strenuous, continuous labor is pain. I. Taylor. — Stren"u*ous*ly, adv. — Stren"u*ous*ness, n.

STREPENT
Strep"ent, a. Etym: [L. strepens, p.pr. of strepere to make a noise.]

Defn: Noisy; loud. [R.] Shenstone.

STREPEROUS Strep"er*ous, a. Etym: [LL. streperus, fr. L. strepere. See Strepent, and cf. Obstreperous.]

Defn: Loud; boisterous. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

STREPITORES
Strep`i*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. strepitus clamor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds, including the clamatorial and picarian birds, which do not have well developed singing organs.

STREPSIPTER; STREPSIPTERAN
Strep*sip"ter, Strep*sip"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Strepsiptera.

STREPSIPTERA
Strep*sip"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of small insects having the anterior wings rudimentary, and in the form of short and slender twisted appendages, while the posterior ones are large and membranous. They are parasitic in the larval state on bees, wasps, and the like; — called also Rhipiptera. See Illust. under Rhipipter.

STREPSIPTEROUS
Strep*sip"ter*ous, a. Etym: [See Strepsiptera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Strepsiptera.

STREPSORHINA
Strep`so*rhi"na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Lemuroidea.

STREPSORHINE
Strep"so*rhine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having twisted nostrils; — said of the lemurs.
— n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Strepsorhina; a lemur. See Illust. under Monkey.

STREPTOBACTERIA Strep`to*bac*te"ri*a, n. pl.; sing. Streptobracterium (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. bacteria.] (Biol.)

Defn: A so-called variety of bacterium, consisting in reality of several bacteria linked together in the form of a chain.

STREPTOCOCCUS
Strep`to*coc"cus, n.; pl. Streptococci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A long or short chain of micrococci, more or less curved.

STREPTONEURA
Strep`to*neu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of gastropod Mollusca in which the loop or visceral nerves is twisted, and the sexes separate. It is nearly to equivalent to Prosobranchiata.

STREPTOTHRIX
Strep"to*thrix, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacilli occurring of the form of long, smooth and apparently branched threads, either straight or twisted.

STRESS
Stress, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. distress; or cf. OF. estrecier to
press, pinch, (assumed) LL. strictiare, fr. L. strictus. See
Distress.]

1. Distress. [Obs.] Sad hersal of his heavy stress. Spenser.

2. Pressure, strain; — used chiefly of immaterial things; except in mechanics; hence, urgency; importance; weight; significance. The faculties of the mind are improved by exercise, yet they must not be put to a stress beyond their strength. Locke. A body may as well lay too little as too much stress upon a dream. L'Estrange.

3. (Mech. & Physics)

Defn: The force, or combination of forces, which produces a strain; force exerted in any direction or manner between contiguous bodies, or parts of bodies, and taking specific names according to its direction, or mode of action, as thrust or pressure, pull or tension, shear or tangential stress. Rankine. Stress is the mutual action between portions of matter. Clerk Maxwell.

4. (Pron.)

Defn: Force of utterance expended upon words or syllables. Stress is in English the chief element in accent and is one of the most important in emphasis. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 31-35.

5. (Scots Law)

Defn: Distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.
Stress of voice, unusual exertion of the voice.
— Stress of weather, constraint imposed by continued bad weather;
as, to be driven back to port by stress of weather.
— To lay stress upon, to attach great importance to; to emphasize.
"Consider how great a stress is laid upon this duty." Atterbury.
— To put stress upon, or To put to a stress, to strain.

STRESS
Stress, v. t.

1. To press; to urge; to distress; to put to difficulties. [R.] Spenser.

2. To subject to stress, pressure, or strain.

STRESSFUL
Stress"ful, a.

Defn: Having much stress. Rush.

STRETCH Stretch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stretched; p. pr. & vb. n. Stretching.] Etym: [OE. strecchen, AS. streccan; akin to D. strekken, G. strecken, OHG. strecchen, Sw. sträcka, Dan. strække; cf. AS. stræck, strec, strong, violent, G. strack straight; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to E. strong. Cf. Straight.]

1. To reach out; to extend; to put forth. And stretch forth his neck long and small. Chaucer. I in conquest stretched mine arm. Shak.

2. To draw out to the full length; to cause to extend in a straight line; as, to stretch a cord or rope.

3. To cause to extend in breadth; to spread; to expand; as, to stretch cloth; to stretch the wings.

4. To make tense; to tighten; to distend forcibly. The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vain. Shak.

5. To draw or pull out to greater length; to strain; as, to stretch a tendon or muscle. Awake, my soul, stretch every nerve. Doddridge.

6. To exaggerate; to extend too far; as, to stretch the truth; to
stretch one's credit.
They take up, one day, the most violent and stretched prerogative.
Burke.

STRETCH
Stretch, v. i.

1. To be extended; to be drawn out in length or in breadth, or both; to spread; to reach; as, the iron road stretches across the continent; the lake stretches over fifty square miles. As far as stretcheth any ground. Gower.

2. To extend or spread one's self, or one's limbs; as, the lazy man yawns and stretches.

3. To be extended, or to bear extension, without breaking, as elastic or ductile substances. The inner membrane . . . because it would stretch and yield, remained umbroken. Boyle.

4. To strain the truth; to exaggerate; as, a man apt to stretch in his report of facts. [Obs. or Colloq.]

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To sail by the wind under press of canvas; as, the ship stretched to the eastward. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Stretch out, an order to rowers to extend themselves forward in dipping the oar.

STRETCH
Stretch, n.

1. Act of stretching, or state of being stretched; reach; effort; struggle; strain; as, a stretch of the limbs; a stretch of the imagination. By stretch of arms the distant shore to gain. Dryden. Those put a lawful authority upon the stretch, to the abuse of yower, under the color of prerogative. L'Estrange.

2. A continuous line or surface; a continuous space of time; as, grassy stretches of land. A great stretch of cultivated country. W. Black. But all of them left me a week at a stretch. E. Eggleston.

3. The extent to which anything may be stretched.
Quotations, in their utmost stretch, can signify no more than that
Luther lay under severe agonies of mind. Atterbury.
This is the utmost stretch that nature can. Granville.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The reach or extent of a vessel's progress on one tack; a tack or board.

5. Course; direction; as, the stretch of seams of coal. To be on the stretch, to be obliged to use one's utmost powers. — Home stretch. See under Home, a.

STRETCHER
Stretch"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, stretches.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: A brick or stone laid with its longer dimension in the line of direction of the wall. Gwilt.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A piece of timber used in building.

4. (Naut.) (a) A narrow crosspiece of the bottom of a boat against which a rower braces his feet. (b) A crosspiece placed between the sides of a boat to keep them apart when hoisted up and griped. Dana.

5. A litter, or frame, for carrying disabled, wounded, or dead persons.

6. An overstretching of the truth; a lie. [Slang]

7. One of the rods in an umbrella, attached at one end to one of the ribs, and at the other to the tube sliding upon the handle.

8. An instrument for stretching boots or gloves.

9. The frame upon which canvas is stretched for a painting.

STRETCHING
Stretch"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Stretch, v. Stretching course (Masonry), a course or series of stretchers. See Stretcher, 2. Britton.

STRETTO Stret"to, n. Etym: [It., close or contacted, pressed.] (Mus.) (a) The crowding of answer upon subject near the end of a fugue. (b) In an opera or oratorio, a coda, or winding up, in an accelerated time. [Written also stretta.]

STREW Strew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strewed; p. p. strewn; p. pr. & vb. n. Strewing.] Etym: [OE. strewen, strawen, AS. strewian, streówian; akin to Ofries. strewa, OS. strewian, D. strooijen, G. streuen, OHG. strewen, Icel. stra, Sw. strö, Dan. ströe, Goth. straujan, L. sternere, stratum, Gr. st. *166. Cf. Stratum, Straw, Street.]

1. To scatter; to spread by scattering; to cast or to throw loosely apart; — used of solids, separated or separable into parts or particles; as, to strew seed in beds; to strew sand on or over a floor; to strew flowers over a grave. And strewed his mangled limbs about the field. Dryden. On a principal table a desk was open and many papers [were] strewn about. Beaconsfield.

2. To cover more or less thickly by scattering something over or upon; to cover, or lie upon, by having been scattered; as, they strewed the ground with leaves; leaves strewed the ground. The snow which does the top of Pindus strew. Spenser. Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain Pope.

3. To spread abroad; to disseminate. She may strew dangerous conjectures. Shak.

STREWING
Strew"ing, n.

1. The act of scattering or spreading.

2. Anything that is, or may be, strewed; — used chiefly in the plural. Shak.

STREWMENT
Strew"ment, n.

Defn: Anything scattered, as flowers for decoration. [Obs.] Shak.

STREWN
Strewn,

Defn: p. p. of Strew.

STRIA
Stri"a, n.; pl. Striæ. Etym: [L., a furrow, channel, hollow.]

1. A minute groove, or channel; a threadlike line, as of color; a narrow structural band or line; a striation; as, the striæ, or groovings, produced on a rock by a glacier passing over it; the striæ on the surface of a shell; a stria of nervous matter in the brain.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A fillet between the flutes of columns, pilasters, or the like.
Oxf. Gloss.

STRIATE
Stri"ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striated; p. pr. & vb. n. Striating.]
Etym: [See Striate, a.]

Defn: To mark with striaæ. "Striated longitudinally." Owen.

STRIATE; STRIATED Stri"ate, Stri"a*ted, a. Etym: [L. striatus, p.p. of striare to furnish with channels, from stria a channel.]

Defn: Marked with striaæ, or fine grooves, or lines of color; showing narrow structural bands or lines; as, a striated crystal; striated muscular fiber.

STRIATION
Stri*a"tion, n.

1. The quality or condition of being striated.

2. A stria; as, the striations on a shell.

STRIATUM
Stri*a"tum, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: The corpus striatum.

STRIATURE
Stri"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. striatura.]

Defn: A stria.

STRICH
Strich, n. Etym: [Cf. L. strix, strigs, a streech owl.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An owl. [Obs.] Spenser.

STRICK
Strick, n.

Defn: A bunch of hackled flax prepared for drawing into slivers.
Knight.

STRICKEN
Strick"en, p. p. & a. from Strike.

1. Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.

Note: [See Strike, n.]

2. Worn out; far gone; advanced. See Strike, v. t., 21. Abraham was old and well stricken in age. Gen. xxiv. 1.

3. Whole; entire; — said of the hour as marked by the striking of a clock. [Scot.] He persevered for a stricken hour in such a torrent of unnecessary tattle. Sir W. Scott. Speeches are spoken by the stricken hour, day after day, week, perhaps, after week. Bayne.

STRICKLE
Stric"kle, n. Etym: [See Strike.]

1. An instrument to strike grain to a level with the measure; a strike.

2. An instrument for whetting scythes; a rifle.

3. (Founding)

Defn: An instrument used for smoothing the surface of a core.

4. (Carp. & Mason.)

Defn: A templet; a pattern.

5. An instrument used in dressing flax. [Prov. Eng.]

STRICKLER
Stric"kler, n.

Defn: See Strickle.

STRICKLESS
Strick"less, n.

Defn: See Strickle. [Prov. Eng.]

STRICT Strict, a. [Compar. Stricter; superl. Strictest.] Etym: [L. strictus, p.p. of stringere to draw or bind tight, to strain. See Strain, and cf. Strait, a.]

1. Strained; drawn close; tight; as, a strict embrace; a strict ligature. Dryden.

2. Tense; not relaxed; as, a strict fiber.

3. Exact; accurate; precise; rigorously nice; as, to keep strict watch; to pay strict attention. Shak. It shall be still in strictest measure. Milton.

4. Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous; as, very strict in observing the Sabbath. "Through the strict senteries." Milton.

5. Rigidly; interpreted; exactly limited; confined; restricted; as, to understand words in a strict sense.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Upright, or straight and narrow; — said of the shape of the plants or their flower clusters.

Syn. — Exact; accurate; nice; close; rigorous; severe. — Strict, Severe. Strict, applied to a person, denotes that he conforms in his motives and acts to a principle or code by which he is bound; severe is strict with an implication often, but not always, of harshness. Strict is opposed to lax; severe is opposed to gentle. And rules as strict his labored work confine, As if the Stagirite o'erlooked each line. Pope. Soon moved with touch of blame, thus Eve: -"What words have passed thy lips, Adam severe!" Milton. The Strict Observance, or Friars of the Strict Observance. (R. C. Ch.) See Observance.

STRICTION
Stric"tion, n. Etym: [L. strictio. See Stringent.]

Defn: The act of constricting, or the state of being constricted. Line of striction (Geom.), the line on a skew surface that cuts each generator in that point of it that is nearest to the succeeding generator.

STRICTLY
Strict"ly, adv.

Defn: In a strict manner; closely; precisely.

STRICTNESS
Strict"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being strict.

STRICTURE Stric"ture, n. Etym: [L. strictura a contraction, from stringere, strictum, to draw tight: cf. F. stricture. See Strict.]

1. Strictness. [Obs.] A man of stricture and firm abstinence. Shak.

2. A stroke; a glance; a touch. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

3. A touch of adverse criticism; censure. [I have] given myself the liberty of these strictures by way of reflection on all and every passage. Hammond.

4. (Med.)

Defn: A localized morbid contraction of any passage of the body. Cf.
Organic stricture, and Spasmodic stricture, under Organic, and
Spasmodic. Arbuthnot.

STRICTURED
Stric"tured, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with a stricture; as, a strictured duct.

STRID
Strid, n. Etym: [See Stride.]

Defn: A narrow passage between precipitous rocks or banks, which looks as if it might be crossed at a stride. [Prov. Eng.] Howitt. This striding place is called the Strid. Wordsworth.

STRIDE Stride, v. t. [imp. Strode (Obs. Strid ; p. p. Stridden (Obs. Strid); p. pr. & vb. n. Striding.] Etym: [AS. stridan to stride, to strive; akin to LG. striden, OFries. strida to strive, D. strijden to strive, to contend, G. streiten, OHG. stritan; of uncertain origin. Cf. Straddle.]

1. To walk with long steps, especially in a measured or pompous manner. Mars in the middle of the shining shield Is graved, and strides along the liquid field. Dryden.

2. To stand with the legs wide apart; to straddle.

STRIDE
Stride, v. t.

1. To pass over at a step; to step over. "A debtor that not dares to stride a limit." Shak.

2. To straddle; to bestride. I mean to stride your steed. Shak.

STRIDE
Stride, n.

Defn: The act of stridding; a long step; the space measured by a long step; as, a masculine stride. Pope. God never meant that man should scale the heavens By strides of human wisdom. Cowper.

STRIDENT Stri"dent, a. Etym: [L. stridens, -entis, p.pr. of stridere to make a grating or creaking noise.]

Defn: Characterized by harshness; grating; shrill. "A strident voice." Thackeray.

STRIDOR Stri"dor, n. Etym: [L., from stridere to make any harsh, grating, or creaking sound.]

Defn: A harsh, shrill, or creaking noise. Dryden.

STRIDULATE
Strid"u*late, v. t. Etym: [See Stridulous.]

Defn: To make a shrill, creaking noise; specifically (Zoöl.),

Defn: to make a shrill or musical sound, such as is made by the males of many insects.

STRIDULATION
Strid`u*la"tion, n.

Defn: The act of stridulating. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) The act of making shrill sounds or musical notes by rubbing together certain hard parts, as is done by the males of many insects, especially by Orthoptera, such as crickets, grasshoppers, and locusts. (b) The noise itself.

Note: The crickets stridulate by rubbing together the strong nervures of the fore wings. Many grasshoppers stridulate by rubbing the hind legs across strong nervures on the fore wings. The green grasshoppers and katydids stridulate by means of special organs at the base of the fore wings.

STRIDULATOR
Strid"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: That which stridulates. Darwin.

STRIDULATORY
Strid"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Stridulous; able to stridulate; used in stridulating; adapted for stridulation. Darwin.

STRIDULOUS
Strid"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. stridulus. See Strident.]

Defn: Making a shrill, creaking sound. Sir T. Browne. The Sarmatian boor driving his stridulous cart. Longfellow. Stridulous laryngitis (Med.), a form of croup, or laryngitis, in children, associated with dyspnoea, occurring usually at night, and marked by crowing or stridulous breathing.

STRIFE
Strife, n. Etym: [OF. estrif. See Strive.]

1. The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [Archaic] Shak.

2. Exertion or contention for superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or physical efforts. Doting about questions and strifes of words. 1 Tim. vi. 4. Thus gods contended — noble strife -Who most should ease the wants of life. Congreve.

3. Altercation; violent contention; fight; battle. Twenty of them fought in this black strife. Shak. These vows, thus granted, raised a strife above Betwixt the god of war and queen of love. Dryden.

4. That which is contended against; occasion of contest. [Obs.] "Lamenting her unlucky strife." Spenser.

Syn.
— Contest; struggle; quarrel. See Contention.

STRIFEFUL
Strife"ful, a.

Defn: Contentious; discordant.
The ape was strifeful and ambitious. Spenser.

STRIGATE
Stri"gate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having transverse bands of color.

STRIGES
Stri"ges, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of strix a streech owl; cf. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The tribe of birds which comprises the owls.

STRIGIL
Strig"il, n. Etym: [L. strigilis, from stringere to graze, scrape.]
(Gr. & Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An instrument of metal, ivory, etc., used for scraping the skin at the bath.

STRIGILLOSE
Strig"il*lose`, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. strigose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Set with stiff, slender bristles.

STRIGINE
Stri"gine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to owls; owl-like.

STRIGMENT
Strig"ment, n. Etym: [L. strigmentum.]

Defn: Scraping; that which is scraped off. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

STRIGOSE
Stri*gose", a. Etym: [Cf. F. strigueux. See Strigil.] (Bot.)

Defn: Set with stiff, straight bristles; hispid; as, a strigose leaf.

STRIGOUS
Stri"gous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Strigose. [R.]

STRIKE Strike, v. t. [imp. Struck; p. p. Struck, Stricken ( (Stroock (, Strucken (, Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Striking. Struck is more commonly used in the p.p. than stricken.] Etym: [OE. striken to strike, proceed, flow, AS. strican to go, proceed, akin to D. strijken to rub, stroke, strike, to move, go, G. streichen, OHG. strihhan, L. stringere to touch lightly, to graze, to strip off (but perhaps not to L. stringere in sense to draw tight), striga a row, a furrow. Cf. Streak, Stroke.]

1. To touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or with an instrument; to smite; to give a blow to, either with the hand or with any instrument or missile. He at Philippi kept His sword e'en like a dancer; while I struck The lean and wrinkled Cassius. Shak.

2. To come in collision with; to strike against; as, a bullet struck him; the wave struck the boat amidships; the ship struck a reef.

3. To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to;
to dash; to cast.
They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two sideposts. Ex.
xii. 7.
Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. Byron.

4. To stamp or impress with a stroke; to coin; as, to strike coin from metal: to strike dollars at the mint.

5. To thrust in; to cause to enter or penetrate; to set in the earth; as, a tree strikes its roots deep.

6. To punish; to afflict; to smite. To punish the just is not good, nor strike princes for equity. Prov. xvii. 26.

7. To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or notify by audible strokes; as, the clock strikes twelve; the drums strike up a march.

8. To lower; to let or take down; to remove; as, to strike sail; to strike a flag or an ensign, as in token of surrender; to strike a yard or a topmast in a gale; to strike a tent; to strike the centering of an arch.

9. To make a sudden impression upon, as by a blow; to affect sensibly with some strong emotion; as, to strike the mind, with surprise; to strike one with wonder, alarm, dread, or horror. Nice works of art strike and surprise us most on the first view. Atterbury. They please as beauties, here as wonders strike. Pope.

10. To affect in some particular manner by a sudden impression or impulse; as, the plan proposed strikes me favorably; to strike one dead or blind. How often has stricken you dumb with his irony! Landor.

11. To cause or produce by a stroke, or suddenly, as by a stroke; as, to strike a light. Waving wide her myrtle wand, She strikes a universal peace through sea and land. Milton.

12. To cause to ignite; as, to strike a match.

13. To make and ratify; as, to strike a bargain.

Note: Probably borrowed from the L. foedus ferrire, to strike a compact, so called because an animal was struck and killed as a sacrifice on such occasions.

14. To take forcibly or fraudulently; as, to strike money. [Old Slang]

15. To level, as a measure of grain, salt, or the like, by scraping off with a straight instrument what is above the level of the top.

16. (Masonry)

Defn: To cut off, as a mortar joint, even with the face of the wall, or inward at a slight angle.

17. To hit upon, or light upon, suddenly; as, my eye struck a strange word; they soon struck the trail.

18. To borrow money of; to make a demand upon; as, he struck a friend for five dollars. [Slang]

19. To lade into a cooler, as a liquor. B. Edwards.

20. To stroke or pass lightly; to wave. Behold, I thought, He will . . . strike his hand over the place, and recover the leper. 2 Kings v. 11.

21. To advance; to cause to go forward; — used only in past participle. "Well struck in years." Shak. To strike an attitude, To strike a balance. See under Attitude, and Balance. — To strike a jury (Law), to constitute a special jury ordered by a court, by each party striking out a certain number of names from a prepared list of jurors, so as to reduce it to the number of persons required by law. Burrill. — To strike a lead. (a) (Mining) To find a vein of ore. (b) Fig.: To find a way to fortune. [Colloq.] — To strike a ledger, or an account, to balance it. — To strike hands with. (a) To shake hands with. Halliwell. (b) To make a compact or agreement with; to agree with. — To strike off. (a) To erase from an account; to deduct; as, to strike off the interest of a debt. (b) (Print.) To impress; to print; as, to strike off a thousand copies of a book. (c) To separate by a blow or any sudden action; as, to strike off what is superfluous or corrupt. — To strike oil, to find petroleum when boring for it; figuratively, to make a lucky hit financially. [Slang, U.S.] — To strike one luck, to shake hands with one and wish good luck. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. — To strike out. (a) To produce by collision; to force out, as, to strike out sparks with steel. (b) To blot out; to efface; to erase. "To methodize is as necessary as to strike out." Pope. (c) To form by a quick effort; to devise; to invent; to contrive, as, to strike out a new plan of finance. (d) (Baseball) To cause a player to strike out; — said of the pitcher. See To strike out, under Strike, v. i. — To strike sail. See under Sail. — To strike up. (a) To cause to sound; to begin to beat. "Strike up the drums." Shak. (b) To begin to sing or play; as, to strike up a tune. (c) To raise (as sheet metal), in making diahes, pans, etc., by blows or pressure in a die. — To strike work, to quit work; to go on a strike.

STRIKE
Strike, v. i.

Defn: To move; to advance; to proceed; to take a course; as, to strike into the fields. A mouse . . . struck forth sternly [bodily]. Piers Plowman.

2. To deliver a quick blow or thrust; to give blows. And fiercely took his trenchant blade in hand, With which he stroke so furious and so fell. Spenser. Strike now, or else the iron cools. Shak.

3. To hit; to collide; to dush; to clash; as, a hammer strikes against the bell of a clock.

4. To sound by percussion, with blows, or as with blows; to be struck; as, the clock strikes. A deep sound strikes like a rising knell. Byron.

5. To make an attack; to aim a blow. A puny subject strikes At thy great glory. Shak. Struck for throne, and striking found his doom. Tennyson.

6. To touch; to act by appulse. Hinder light but from striking on it [porphyry], and its colors vanish. Locke.

7. To run upon a rock or bank; to be stranded; as, the ship struck in the night.

8. To pass with a quick or strong effect; to dart; to penetrate. Till a dart strike through his liver. Prov. vii. 23. Now and then a glittering beam of wit or passion strikes through the obscurity of the poem. Dryden.

9. To break forth; to commence suddenly; — with into; as, to strike into reputation; to strike into a run.

10. To lower a flag, or colors, in token of respect, or to signify a surrender of a ship to an enemy. That the English ships of war should not strike in the Danish seas. Bp. Burnet.

11. To quit work in order to compel an increase, or prevent a reduction, of wages.

12. To become attached to something; — said of the spat of oysters.

13. To steal money. [Old Slang, Eng.] Nares. To strike at, to aim a blow at. — To strike for, to start suddenly on a course for. — To strike home, to give a blow which reaches its object, to strike with effect. — To strike in. (a) To enter suddenly. (b) To disappear from the surface, with internal effects, as an eruptive disease. (c) To come in suddenly; to interpose; to interrupt. "I proposed the embassy of Constantinople for Mr. Henshaw, but my Lord Winchelsea struck in." Evelyn. (d) To join in after another has begun,as in singing. — To strike in with, to conform to; to suit itself to; to side with, to join with at once. "To assert this is to strike in with the known enemies of God's grace." South. To strike out. (a) To start; to wander; to make a sudden excursion; as, to strike out into an irregular course of life. (b) To strike with full force. (c) (Baseball) To be put out for not hitting the ball during one's turn at the bat. — To strike up, to commence to play as a musician; to begin to sound, as an instrument. "Whilst any trump did sound, or drum struck up." Shak.

STRIKE
Strike, n.

1. The act of striking.

2. An instrument with a straight edge for leveling a measure of grain, salt, and the like, scraping off what is above the level of the top; a strickle.

3. A bushel; four pecks. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. An old measure of four bushels. [Prov. Eng.]

5. Fullness of measure; hence, excellence of quality. Three hogsheads of ale of the first strike. Sir W. Scott.

6. An iron pale or standard in a gate or fence. [Obs.]

7. The act of quitting work; specifically, such an act by a body of workmen, done as a means of enforcing compliance with demands made on their employer. Strikes are the insurrections of labor. F. A. Walker.

8. (Iron Working)

Defn: A puddler's stirrer.

9. (Geol.)

Defn: The horizontal direction of the outcropping edges of tilted rocks; or, the direction of a horizontal line supposed to be drawn on the surface of a tilted stratum. It is at right angles to the dip.

10. The extortion of money, or the attempt to extort money, by threat of injury; blackmailing. Strike block (Carp.), a plane shorter than a jointer, used for fitting a short joint. Moxon. — Strike of flax, a handful that may be hackled at once. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. — Strike of sugar. (Sugar Making) (a) The act of emptying the teache, or last boiler, in which the cane juice is exposed to heat, into the coolers. (b) The quantity of the sirup thus emptied at once.

STRIKER
Strik"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, strikes; specifically, a blacksmith's helper who wieds the sledge.

2. A harpoon; also, a harpooner. Wherever we come to an anchor, we always send out our strikers, and put out hooks and lines overboard, to try fish. Dampier.

3. A wencher; a lewd man. [Obs.] Massinger.

4. A workman who is on a strike.

5. A blackmailer in politics; also, one whose political influence can be bought. [Political Cant]

STRIKING
Strik"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Strike, v. Striking distance, the distance through which an object can be reached by striking; the distance at which a force is effective when directed to a particular object. — Striking plate. (a) The plate against which the latch of a door lock strikes as the door is closed. (b) A part of the centering of an arch, which is driven back to loosen the centering in striking it.

STRIKING
Strik"ing, a.

Defn: Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; forcible; impressive; very noticeable; as, a striking representation or image; a striking resemblance. "A striking fact." De Quincey. — Strik"ing*ly, adv. — Strik"ing*ness, n.

STRIKLE
Strik"le, n.

Defn: See Strickle.

STRING String, n. Etym: [OE. string, streng, AS. streng; akin to D. streng, G. strang, Icel. strengr, Sw. sträng, Dan. stræng; probably from the adj., E. strong (see Strong); or perhaps originally meaning, twisted, and akin to E. strangle.]

1. A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string. Shak. Round Ormond's knee thou tiest the mystic string. Prior.

2. A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments. "A string of islands." Gibbon.

3. A strip, as of leather, by which the covers of a book are held together. Milton.

4. The cord of a musical instrument, as of a piano, harp, or violin; specifically (pl.), the stringed instruments of an orchestra, in distinction from the wind instruments; as, the strings took up the theme. "An instrument of ten strings." Ps. xxx. iii. 2. Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still. Milton.

5. The line or cord of a bow. Ps. xi. 2. He twangs the grieving string. Pope.

6. A fiber, as of a plant; a little, fibrous root. Duckweed putteth forth a little string into the water, from the bottom. Bacon.

7. A nerve or tendon of an animal body. The string of his tongue was loosed. Mark vii. 35.

8. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An inside range of ceiling planks, corresponding to the sheer strake on the outside and bolted to it.

9. (Bot.)

Defn: The tough fibrous substance that unites the valves of the pericap of leguminous plants, and which is readily pulled off; as, the strings of beans.

10. (Mining)

Defn: A small, filamentous ramification of a metallic vein. Ure.

11. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Stringcourse.

12. (Billiards)

Defn: The points made in a game. String band (Mus.), a band of musicians using only, or chiefly, stringed instruments. — String beans. (a) A dish prepared from the unripe pods of several kinds of beans; — so called because the strings are stripped off. (b) Any kind of beans in which the pods are used for cooking before the seeds are ripe; usually, the low bush bean. — To have two strings to one's bow, to have a means or expedient in reserve in case the one employed fails.

STRING String, v. t. [imp. Strung; p. p. Strung (R. Stringed); p. pr. & vb. n. Stringing.]

1. To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin. Has not wise nature strung the legs and feet With firmest nerves, designed to walk the street Gay.

2. To put in tune the strings of, as a stringed instrument, in order to play upon it. For here the Muse so oft her harp has strung, That not a mountain rears its head unsung. Addison.

3. To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.

4. To make tense; to strengthen. Toil strung the nerves, and purified the blood. Dryden.

5. To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.

STRINGBOARD
String"board`, n.

Defn: Same as Stringpiece.

STRINGCOURSE
String"course`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal band in a building, forming a part of the design, whether molded, projecting, or carved, or in any way distinguished from the rest of the work.

STRINGED
Stringed, a.

1. Having strings; as, a stringed instrument. Ps. cl. 4.

2. Produced by strings. "Answering the stringed noise." Milton.

STRINGENCY
Strin"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stringent.

STRINGENDO
Strin"gen*do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Urging or hastening the time, as to a climax.

STRINGENT Strin"gent, a. Etym: [L. stringens, -entis, p.pr. of stringere to draw or bind tight. See Strain.]

Defn: Binding strongly; making strict requirements; restrictive; rigid; severe; as, stringent rules. They must be subject to a sharper penal code, and to a more stringent code of procedure. Macaulay. — Strin"gent*ly, adv. — Strin"gent*ness, n.

STRINGER
String"er, n.

1. One who strings; one who makes or provides strings, especially for bows. Be content to put your trust in honest stringers. Ascham.

2. A libertine; a wencher. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

3. (Railroad)

Defn: A longitudinal sleeper.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A streak of planking carried round the inside of a vessel on the under side of the beams.

5. (Carp.)

Defn: A long horizontal timber to connect uprights in a frame, or to support a floor or the like.

STRINGHALT
String"halt`, n. (Far.)

Defn: An habitual sudden twitching of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convulsive contraction of the muscles that raise the hock. [Written also springhalt.]

STRINGINESS
String"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being stringy.

STRINGLESS
String"less, a.

Defn: Having no strings.
His tongue is now a stringless instrument. Shak.

STRINGPIECE String"piece`, n. (Arch.) (a) A long piece of timber, forming a margin or edge of any piece of construction; esp.: (b) One of the longitudinal pieces, supporting the treads and rises of a flight or run of stairs.

STRINGY
String"y, a.

1. Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.

2. Capable of being drawn into a string, as a glutinous substance; ropy; viscid; gluely. Stringy bark (Bot.), a name given in Australia to several trees of the genus Eucalyptus (as E. amygdalina, obliqua, capitellata, macrorhyncha, piperita, pilularis, and tetradonta), which have a fibrous bark used by the aborigines for making cordage and cloth.

STRIP
Strip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stripped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stripping.]
Etym: [OE. stripen, strepen, AS. str in bestr to plunder; akin to D.
stroopen, MHG. stroufen, G. streifen.]

1. To deprive; to bereave; to make destitute; to plunder; especially, to deprive of a covering; to skin; to peel; as, to strip a man of his possession, his rights, his privileges, his reputation; to strip one of his clothes; to strip a beast of his skin; to strip a tree of its bark. And strippen her out of her rude array. Chaucer. They stripped Joseph out of his coat. Gen. xxxvii. 23. Opinions which . . . no clergyman could have avowed without imminent risk of being stripped of his gown. Macaulay.

2. To divest of clothing; to uncover. Before the folk herself strippeth she. Chaucer. Strip your sword stark naked. Shak.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To dismantle; as, to strip a ship of rigging, spars, etc.

4. (Agric.)

Defn: To pare off the surface of, as land, in strips.

5. To deprive of all milk; to milk dry; to draw the last milk from; hence, to milk with a peculiar movement of the hand on the teats at the last of a milking; as, to strip a cow.

6. To pass; to get clear of; to outstrip. [Obs.] When first they stripped the Malean promontory. Chapman. Before he reached it he was out of breath, And then the other stripped him. Beau. & Fl.

7. To pull or tear off, as a covering; to remove; to wrest away; as, to strip the skin from a beast; to strip the bark from a tree; to strip the clothes from a man's back; to strip away all disguisses. To strip bad habits from a corrupted heart, is stripping off the skin. Gilpin.

8. (Mach.) (a) To tear off (the thread) from a bolt or nut; as, the thread is stripped. (b) To tear off the thread from (a bolt or nut); as, the bolt is stripped.

9. To remove the metal coating from (a plated article), as by acids or electrolytic action.

10. (Carding)

Defn: To remove fiber, flock, or lint from; — said of the teeth of a card when it becomes partly clogged.

11. To pick the cured leaves from the stalks of (tobacco) and tie them into "hands"; to remove the midrib from (tobacco leaves).

STRIP
Strip, v. i.

1. To take off, or become divested of, clothes or covering; to undress.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To fail in the thread; to lose the thread, as a bolt, screw, or nut. See Strip, v. t., 8.

STRIP
Strip, n.

1. A narrow piece, or one comparatively long; as, a strip of cloth; a strip of land.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A trough for washing ore.

3. (Gunnery)

Defn: The issuing of a projectile from a rifled gun without acquiring the spiral motion. Farrow.

STRIPE
Stripe, n. Etym: [OD. strijpe a stripe, streak; akin to LG. stripe,
D. streep, Dan. stribe, G. strief, striefen, MHG. striefen to glide,
march.]

1. A line, or long, narrow division of anything of a different color or structure from the ground; hence, any linear variation of color or structure; as, a stripe, or streak, of red on a green ground; a raised stripe.

2. (Weaving)

Defn: A pattern produced by arranging the warp threads in sets of alternating colors, or in sets presenting some other contrast of appearance.

3. A strip, or long, narrow piece attached to something of a different color; as, a red or blue stripe sewed upon a garment.

4. A stroke or blow made with a whip, rod, scourge, or the like, such as usually leaves a mark. Forty stripes he may give him, and not exceed. Deut. xxv. 3.

5. A long, narrow discoloration of the skin made by the blow of a lash, rod, or the like. Cruelty marked him with inglorious stripes. Thomson.

6. Color indicating a party or faction; hence, distinguishing characteristic; sign; likeness; sort; as, persons of the same political stripe. [Colloq. U.S.]

7. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: The chevron on the coat of a noncommissioned officer. Stars and
Stripes. See under Star, n.

STRIPE
Stripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Striped; p. pr. & vb. n. Striping.]

1. To make stripes upon; to form with lines of different colors or textures; to variegate with stripes.

2. To strike; to lash. [R.]

STRIPED
Striped, a.

Defn: Having stripes of different colors; streaked. Striped bass.
(Zoöl.) See under Bass.
— Striped maple (Bot.), a slender American tree (Acer
Pennsylvanicum) with finely striped bark. Called also striped
dogwood, and moosewood.
— Striped mullet. (Zoöl.) See under Mullet, 2.
— Striped snake (Zoöl.), the garter snake.
— Striped squirrel (Zoöl.), the chipmunk.

STRIP-LEAF
Strip"-leaf`, n.

Defn: Tobacco which has been stripped of its stalks before packing.

STRIPLING Strip"ling, n. Etym: [Dim. of strip; as if a small strip from the main stock or steam.]

Defn: A youth in the state of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; a lad. Inquire thou whose son the stripling is. 1 Sam. xvii. 56.

STRIPPER
Strip"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, strips; specifically, a machine for stripping cards.

STRIPPET
Strip"pet, n. Etym: [Dim. of strip.]

Defn: A small stream. [Obs.] "A little brook or strippet." Holinshed.

STRIPPING
Strip"ping, n.

1. The act of one who strips. The mutual bows and courtesies . . . are remants of the original prostrations and strippings of the captive. H. Spencer. Never were cows that required such stripping. Mrs. Gaskell.

2. pl.

Defn: The last milk drawn from a cow at a milking.

STRISORES Stri*so"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. stridere to creak, whiz, buzz.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of passerine birds including the humming birds, swifts, and goatsuckers. It is now generally considered an artificial group.

STRIVE Strive, v. i. [imp. Strove; p. p. Striven (Rarely, Strove); p. pr. & vb. n. Striving.] Etym: [OF. estriver; of Teutonic origin, and akin to G. streben, D. streven, Dan. stræbe, Sw. sträfva. Cf. Strife.]

1. To make efforts; to use exertions; to endeavor with earnestness;
to labor hard.
Was for this his ambition strove To equal Cæsar first, and after,
Jove Cowley.

2. To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest; — followed by against or with before the person or thing opposed; as, strive against temptation; strive for the truth. Chaucer. My Spirit shall not always strive with man. Gen. vi. 3. Why dost thou strive against him Job xxxiii. 13. Now private pity strove with public hate, Reason with rage, and eloquence with fate. Denham.

3. To vie; to compete; to be a rival. Chaucer. [Not] that sweet grove Of Daphne, by Orontes and the inspired Castalian spring, might with this paradise Of Eden strive. Milton.

Syn.
— To contend; vie; struggle; endeavor; aim.

STRIVE
Strive, n.

1. An effort; a striving. [R.] Chapman.

2. Strife; contention. [Obs.] Wyclif (luke xxi. 9).

STRIVED
Strived, obs. p. p. of Strive.

Defn: Striven.
Yea, so have I strived to preach the gospel. Rom. xv. 20.

STRIVEN
Striv"en,

Defn: p. p. of Strive.

STRIVER
Striv"er, n.

Defn: One who strives.

STRIVING
Striv"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Strive.
— Striv"ing*ly, adv.

STRIX
Strix, n. Etym: [L. strix, strigis.] (Arch.)

Defn: One of the flutings of a column.

STROAM
Stroam, v. i. Etym: [Prov. E. strome to walk with long strides.]

1. To wander about idly and vacantly. [Obs.]

2. To take long strides in walking. [Prov. Eng.]

STROBILA Stro*bi"la, n.; pl. Strobilæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A form of the larva of certain Discophora in a state of development succeeding the scyphistoma. The body of the strobila becomes elongated, and subdivides transversely into a series of lobate segments which eventually become ephyræ, or young medusæ. (b) A mature tapeworm.

STROBILACEOUS Strob`i*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Strobila.] (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a strobile or cone. (b) Producing strobiles.

STROBILATION
Strob`i*la"tion, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The act or phenomenon of spontaneously dividing transversely, as do certain species of annelids and helminths; transverse fission. See Illust. under Syllidian.

STROBILE
Strob"ile, n. Etym: [L. strobilus a pine cone, Gr. strobole.]
[Written also strobil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A scaly multiple fruit resulting from the ripening of an ament in certain plants, as the hop or pine; a cone. See Cone, n., 3.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An individual asexually producing sexual individuals differing from itself also in other respects, as the tapeworm, — one of the forms that occur in metagenesis.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Strobila.

STROBILIFORM
Stro*bil"i*form, a.

Defn: Shaped like a strobile.

STROBILINE
Strob"i*line, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a strobile; strobilaceous; strobiliform; as, strobiline fruits.

STROBOSCOPE
Strob"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

1. An instrument for studying or observing the successive phases of a periodic or varying motion by means of light which is periodically interrupted.

2. An optical toy similar to the phenakistoscope. See Phenakistoscope.

STROCKLE
Stroc"kle, n. (Glass Manuf.)

Defn: A shovel with a turned-up edge, for frit, sand, etc. [Written also strocal, strocle, strokal.]

STRODE
Strode, n.

Defn: See Strude. [Obs.]

STRODE
Strode,

Defn: imp. of Stride.

STROKE
Stroke, obs. imp. of Strike.

Defn: Struck.

STROKE Stroke, n. Etym: [OE. strok, strook, strak, fr. striken. See Strike, v. t.]

1. The act of striking; a blow; a hit; a knock; esp., a violent or hostile attack made with the arm or hand, or with an instrument or weapon. His hand fetcheth a stroke with the ax to cut down the tree. Deut. xix. 5. A fool's lips enter into contention and his mouth calleth for strokes. Prov. xviii. 6. He entered and won the whole kingdom of Naples without striking a stroke. Bacon.

2. The result of effect of a striking; injury or affliction; soreness. In the day that Lord bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound. Isa. xxx. 26.

3. The striking of the clock to tell the hour. Well, but what's o'clock - Upon the stroke of ten. — Well, let is strike. Shak.

4. A gentle, caressing touch or movement upon something; a stroking. Dryden.

5. A mark or dash in writing or printing; a line; the touch of a pen or pencil; as, an up stroke; a firm stroke. O, lasting as those colors may they shine, Free as thy stroke, yet faultless as thy line. Pope.

6. Hence, by extension, an addition or amandment to a written composition; a touch; as, to give some finishing strokes to an essay. Addison.

7. A sudden attack of disease; especially, a fatal attack; a severe disaster; any affliction or calamity, especially a sudden one; as, a stroke of apoplexy; the stroke of death. At this one stroke the man looked dead in law. Harte.

8. A throb or beat, as of the heart. Tennyson.

9. One of a series of beats or movements against a resisting medium, by means of which movement through or upon it is accomplished; as, the stroke of a bird's wing in flying, or an oar in rowing, of a skater, swimmer, etc.; also: (Rowing) (a) The rate of succession of stroke; as, a quick stroke. (b) The oar nearest the stern of a boat, by which the other oars are guided; — called also stroke oar. (c) The rower who pulls the stroke oar; the strokesman.

10. A powerful or sudden effort by which something is done, produced, or accomplished; also, something done or accomplished by such an effort; as, a stroke of genius; a stroke of business; a master stroke of policy.

11. (Mach.)

Defn: The movement, in either direction, of the piston plunger, piston rod, crosshead, etc., as of a steam engine or a pump, in which these parts have a reciprocating motion; as, the forward stroke of a piston; also, the entire distance passed through, as by a piston, in such a movement; as, the piston is at half stroke.

Note: The respective strokes are distinguished as up and down strokes, outward and inward strokes, forward and back strokes, the forward stroke in stationary steam engines being toward the crosshead, but in locomotives toward the front of the vehicle.

12. Power; influence. [Obs.] "Where money beareth [hath] all the stroke." Robynson (More's Utopia). He has a great stroke with the reader. Dryden.

13. Appetite. [Obs.] Swift. To keep stroke, to make strokes in unison. The oars where silver, Which to the tune of flutes kept stroke. Shak.

STROKE
Stroke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strokeed; p. pr. & vb. n. Strokeing.]
Etym: [OE. stroken, straken, AS. stracian, fr. strican to go over,
pass. See Strike, v. t., and cf. Straggle.]

1. To strike. [Obs.] Ye mote with the plat sword again Stroken him in the wound, and it will close. Chaucer.

2. To rib gently in one direction; especially, to pass the hand gently over by way of expressing kindness or tenderness; to caress; to soothe. He dried the falling drops, and, yet more kind, He stroked her cheeks. Dryden.

3. To make smooth by rubbing. Longfellow.

4. (Masonry)

Defn: To give a finely fluted surface to.

5. To row the stroke oar of; as, to stroke a boat.

STROKER
Strok"er, n.

Defn: One who strokes; also, one who pretends to cure by stroking.
Cures worked by Greatrix the stroker. Bp. Warburton.

STROKESMAN
Strokes"man, n.; pl. Strokesman (. (Rowing)

Defn: The man who rows the aftermost oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest. Totten.

STROKING
Strok"ing, n.

1. The act of rubbing gently with the hand, or of smoothing; a
stroke.
I doubt not with one gentle stroking to wipe away ten thousand tears.
Milton.

2. (Needlework)

Defn: The act of laying small gathers in cloth in regular order.

3. pl.

Defn: See Stripping, 2. Smollett.

STROLL Stroll, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Strolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Strolling.] Etym: [Cf. Dan. stryge to stroll, Sw. stryka to stroke, to ramble, dial. Sw. strykel one who strolls about, Icel. strj to stroke, D. struikelen to stumble, G. straucheln. Cf. Struggle.]

Defn: To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.
These mothers stroll to beg sustenance for their helpless infants.
Swift.

Syn.
— To rove; roam; range; stray.

STROLL
Stroll, n.

Defn: A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

STROLLER
Stroll"er, n.

Defn: One who strolls; a vagrant.

STROMA
Stro"ma, n.; pl. Stromata. Etym: [L., a bed covering, Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The connective tissue or supporting framework of an organ; as, the stroma of the kidney. (b) The spongy, colorless framework of a red blood corpuscle or other cell.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A layer or mass of cellular tissue, especially that part of the thallus of certain fungi which incloses the perithecia.

STROMATIC
Stro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. miscellaneous writings, fr.

Defn: Miscellaneous; composed of different kinds.

STROMATOLOGY
Stro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Geol.)

Defn: The history of the formation of stratified rocks.

STROMB
Stromb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied genera. See Conch, and Strombus.

STROMBITE
Strom"bite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil shell of the genus Strombus.

STROMBOID
Strom"boid, a. Etym: [Strombus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, Strombus.

STROMBULIFORM
Strom*bu"li*form, a. Etym: [NL. strombulus, dim. of strombus + -form.
See Strombus.]

1. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed or shaped like a top.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Coiled into the shape of a screw or a helix.

STROMBUS
Strom"bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine gastropods in which the shell has the outer lip dilated into a broad wing. It includes many large and handsome species commonly called conch shells, or conchs. See Conch.

STROMEYERITE
Stro"mey`er*ite, n. Etym: [So named from the German chemist Friedrich
Stromeyer.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of silver and copper.

STROND
Strond, n.

Defn: Strand; beach. [Obs.] Shak.

STRONG Strong, a. [Compar. Stronger; superl. Strongest.] Etym: [AS. strang, strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng, Sw. sträng strict, severe. Cf. Strength, Stretch, String.]

1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to act; having a power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous. That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps. cxliv. 14. Orses the strong to greater strength must yield. Dryden.

2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.

3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.

4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.

5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong house, or company of merchants.

6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength or numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong.

7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.

8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.

9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory. Her mother, ever strong against that match. Shak.

10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.

11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors.

12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.

13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat. Heb. v. 12.

14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.

15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent. He had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears. Heb. v. 7.

16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the mind, intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong mind, memory, judgment, or imagination. I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism. Dryden.

17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful. Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As high, as sweet, as easy, and as strong. E. Smith.

18. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market.

19. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) by a variation in the root vowel, and the past participle (usually) by the addition of -en (with or without a change of the root vowel); as in the verbs strive, strove, striven; break, broke, broken; drink, drank, drunk. Opposed to weak, or regular. See Weak. (b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular. F. A. March. Strong conjugation (Gram.), the conjugation of a strong verb; — called also old, or irregular, conjugation, and distinguished from the weak, or regular, conjugation.

Note: Strong is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, strong-backed, strong-based, strong-bodied, strong- colored, strong-fisted, strong-handed, strong-ribbed, strong- smelling, strong-voiced, etc.

Syn. — Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust.

STRONGHAND
Strong"hand`, n.

Defn: Violence; force; power.
It was their meaning to take what they needed by stronghand. Sir W.
Raleigh.

STRONGHOLD
Strong"hold`, n.

Defn: A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of security.

STRONGISH
Strong"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat strong.

STRONGLY
Strong"ly, adv.

Defn: In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly.

STRONG-MINDED
Strong"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine qualities of mind; — said of women. — Strong"-mind`ed*ness, n.

STRONG-WATER
Strong"-wa`ter, n.

1. An acid. [Obs.]

2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.

STRONGYLID
Stron"gy*lid, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Strongyloid.

STRONGYLOID
Stron"gy*loid, a. Etym: [NL. Strongylus the genus (from Gr. -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, Strongylus, a genus of parasitic nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals. Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys, lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious. — n.

Defn: A strongyloid worm.

STRONTIA
Stron"ti*a, n. Etym: [NL. strontia, fr. Strontian, in Argyleshire,
Scotland, where strontianite was first found.] (Chem.)

Defn: An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal strontium.

STRONTIAN
Stron"ti*an, n. (Min.)

Defn: Strontia.

STRONTIANITE
Stron"ti*an*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals.

STRONTIC
Stron"tic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the compounds of, strontium.

STRONTITIC
Stron*tit"ic, a.

Defn: Strontic.

STRONTIUM
Stron"ti*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Strontia.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3. A radioactive isotope of strontium produced by certain nuclear reactions, and constituting one of the prominent harmful components of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions; also called radiostrontium. It has a half-life of 28 years.

STROOK
Strook, obs.

Defn: imp. of Strike. Dryden.

STROOK
Strook, n.

Defn: A stroke. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STROOT
Stroot, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Strut, v. i.]

Defn: To swell out; to strut. [Obs.] Chapman.

STROP
Strop, n. Etym: [See Strap.]

Defn: A strap; specifically, same as Strap, 3.

STROP
Strop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stropped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stropping.]

Defn: To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; as, to strop a razor.

STROP Strop, n. Etym: [Cf. F. estrope, étrope, fr. L. struppus. See Strop a strap.] (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.

STROPHANTHUS
Stro*phan"thus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly twisted flowers. One species (Strophanthus hispidus) is used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.

STROPHE
Stro"phe, n.; pl. Strophes. Etym: [NL., from Gr. strap.]

Defn: In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus while turning from the right to the left of the orchestra; hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of modern verse. See the Note under Antistrophe.

STROPHIC
Stroph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.

STROPHIOLATE; STROPHIOLATED
Stro"phi*o*late, Stro"phi*o*la`ted, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which resembles it. Gray.

STROPHIOLE Stro"phi*ole, n. Etym: [L. strophiolum a little chaplet, dim. of strophium a band, Gr. strophiole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a caruncle.

STROPHULUS
Stroph"u*lus, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: See Red-gum, 1.

STROUD
Stroud, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North American
Indians.

STROUDING
Stroud"ing, n.

Defn: Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade with the North American Indians.

STROUT
Strout, v. i. Etym: [See Strut.]

Defn: To swell; to puff out; to project. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STROUT
Strout, v. t.

Defn: To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to strut. [Obs.] Bacon.

STROVE
Strove,

Defn: imp. of Strive.

STROW
Strow, v. t. [imp. Strowed; p. p. Strown or Strowed.]

Defn: Same as Strew.
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa.
Milton.
A manner turbid . . . and strown with blemished. M. Arnold.

STROWL
Strowl, v. i.

Defn: To stroll. [Obs.]

STROWN
Strown,

Defn: p. p. of Strow.

STROY
Stroy, v. i.

Defn: To destroy. [Obs.] Tusser.

STRUCK
Struck,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Strike. Struck jury (Law), a special jury, composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications, selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for each party, leaving the number required by law to try the cause.

STRUCKEN
Struck"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Strike. Shak.

STRUCTURAL
Struc"tur*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant. Structural formula. (Chem.) See Rational formula, under Formula. empirical formula.

STRUCTURAL SHAPE
Struc"tur*al shape. (Engin. & Arch.)

Defn: The shape of a member especially adapted to structural purposes, esp. in giving the greatest strength with the least material. Hence, Colloq.,

Defn: any steel or iron member of such shape, as channel irons, I beams, T beams, etc., or, sometimes, a column, girder, etc., built up with such members.

STRUCTURAL STEEL
Structural steel.
(a) Rolled steel in structural shapes.
(b) A kind of strong mild steel, suitable for structural shapes.

STRUCTURE Struc"ture, n. Etym: [L. structura, from struere, structum, to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E. strew: cf. F. structure. Cf. Construe, Destroy, Instrument, Obstruct.]

1. The act of building; the practice of erecting buildings; construction. [R.] His son builds on, and never is content Till the last farthing is in structure spent. J. Dryden, Jr.

2. Manner of building; form; make; construction. Want of insight into the structure and constitution of the terraqueous globe. Woodward.

3. Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence. It [basalt] has often a prismatic structure. Dana.

4. (Biol.)

Defn: Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic structure, or the structure of animals and plants; cellular structure.

5. That which is built; a building; esp., a building of some size or magnificence; an edifice. There stands a structure of majestic frame. Pope. Columnar structure. See under Columnar.

STRUCTURED
Struc"tured, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of
parts.
The passage from a structureless state to a structured state is
itself a vital process. H. Spencer.

STRUCTURELESS
Struc"ture*less, a.

Defn: Without a definite structure, or arrangement of parts; without organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; as, a structureless membrane.

STRUCTURIST
Struc"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One who forms structures; a builder; a constructor. [R.]

STRUDE
Strude, n.

Defn: A stock of breeding mares. [Written also strode.] [Obs.]
Bailey.

STRUGGLE Strug"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Struggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Struggling.] Etym: [OE. strogelen; cf. Icel. strj to stroke, to beat, to flog, Sw. stryka to stroke, to strike, Dan. stryge, G. straucheln to stumble. Cf. Stroll.]

1. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body.

2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend forcibly; as, to struggle to save one's life; to struggle with the waves; to struggle with adversity. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it [Gettysburg] far above our power to add or detract. Lincoln.

3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind of difficulty or distress. 'T is wisdom to beware, And better shun the bait than struggle in the snare. Dryden.

Syn.
— To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.

STRUGGLE
Strug"gle, n.

1. A violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body; agony; distress.

2. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avert an evil. Macaulay.

3. Contest; contention; strife. An honest might look upon the struggle with indifference. Addison.

Syn.
— Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.

STRUGGLER
Strug"gler, n.

Defn: One who struggles.

STRULL
Strull, n.

Defn: A bar so placed as to resist weight.

STRUM
Strum, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Strummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Strumming.]
Etym: [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Thrum.]

Defn: To play on an instrument of music, or as on an instrument, in an unskillful or noisy way; to thrum; as, to strum a piano.

STRUMA
Stru"ma, n. Etym: [L., a scrofulous tumor.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Scrofula.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A cushionlike swelling on any organ; especially, that at the base of the capsule in many mosses.

STRUMATIC
Stru*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Scrofulous; strumous.

STRUMOSE
Stru*mose", a. Etym: [L. strumosus: cf. F. strumeux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Strumous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a struma.

STRUMOUS
Stru"mous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Scrofulous; having struma.

STRUMOUSNESS
Stru"mous*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being strumous.

STRUMPET Strum"pet, n. Etym: [OE. strumpet, strompet; cf. OF. stupe debauchery, F. stupe, L. stuprare, stupratum, to debauch, stuprum debauchery, Gael. & Ir. striopach a prostitute.]

Defn: A prostitute; a harlot. Shak.

STRUMPET
Strum"pet, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a strumpet; characteristic of a strumpet.
Out on thy more than strumpet impudence. B. Jonson.

STRUMPET
Strum"pet, v. t.

1. To debauch. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dishonor with the reputation of being a strumpet; hence, to belie; to slander. With his untrue reports, strumpet your fame. Massinger.

STRUMSTRUM
Strum"strum, n.

Defn: A rude musical instrument somewhat like a cittern. [R.]
Dampier.

STRUNG
Strung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of String.

STRUNT
Strunt, n.

Defn: Spirituous liquor. [Scot.] Burns.

STRUNTIAN
Strun"tian, n.

Defn: A kind of worsted braid, about an inch broad. [Scot.] Jamieson.

STRUSE
Struse, n. Etym: [Russ. strug'.] (Naut.)

Defn: A Russian river craft used for transporting freight.

STRUT
Strut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Strutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Strutting.]
Etym: [OE. struten, strouten, to swell; akin to G. strozen to be
swelled, to be puffed up, to strut, Dan. strutte.]

1. To swell; to bulge out. [R.] The bellying canvas strutted with the gale. Dryden.

2. To walk with a lofty, proud gait, and erect head; to walk with affected dignity. Does he not hold up his head, . . . and strut in his gait Shak.

STRUT
Strut, n. Etym: [For senses 2 & 3 cf. LG. strutt rigid.]

1. The act of strutting; a pompous step or walk.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: In general, any piece of a frame which resists thrust or pressure in the direction of its own length. See Brace, and Illust. of Frame, and Roof.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: Any part of a machine or structure, of which the principal function is to hold things apart; a brace subjected to compressive stress; — the opposite of stay, and tie.

STRUT
Strut, v. t.

Defn: To hold apart. Cf. Strut, n., 3.

STRUT
Strut, a.

Defn: Protuberant. [Obs.] Holland.

STRUTHIAN
Stru"thi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Struthious.

STRUTHIO
Stru"thi*o, n.; pl. Struthiones. Etym: [L., an ostrich, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the African ostriches.

STRUTHIOIDEA
Stru`thi*oi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Struthio, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Struthiones.

STRUTHIONES Stru`thi*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Struthio.] (Zoöl.) (a) A division, or order, of birds, including only the African ostriches. (b) In a wider sense, an extensive group of birds including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, moas, and allied birds incapable of flight. In this sense it is equivalent to Ratitæ, or Dromæognathæ.

STRUTHIONINE
Stru`thi*o"nine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Struthious.

STRUTHIOUS
Stru"thi*ous, a. Etym: [L. struthius, strutheus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Struthiones, or Ostrich tribe.

STRUTTER
Strut"ter, n.

Defn: One who struts.

STRUTTING
Strut"ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Strut, v.
— Strut"ting*ly, adv.

STRUVITE
Struv"ite, n. Etym: [After the Russian minister Von Struve.] (Min.)

Defn: A crystalline mineral found in guano. It is a hydrous phosphate of magnesia and ammonia.

STRYCHNIA
Strych"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Strychnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Strychnine.

STRYCHNIC
Strych"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to strychnine; produced by strychnine; as, strychnic compounds; strychnic poisoning; specifically (Chem.),

Defn: used to designate an acid, called also igasuric acid.

STRYCHNINE Strych"nine, n. Etym: [L. strychnos a kind of nightshade, Gr. strychnine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A very poisonous alkaloid resembling brucine, obtained from various species of plants, especially from species of Loganiaceæ, as from the seeds of the St. Ignatius bean (Strychnos Ignatia) and from nux vomica. It is obtained as a white crystalline substance, having a very bitter acrid taste, and is employed in medicine (chiefly in the form of the sulphate) as a powerful neurotic stimulant. Called also strychnia, and formerly strychnina.

STRYCHNOS
Strych"nos, n. Etym: [L., a kind of nightshade, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Loganiaceæ.
See Nux vomica.

STRYPHNIC
Stryph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, obtained by the action of acetic acid and potassium nitrite on uric acid, as a yellow crystalline substance, with a bitter, astringent taste.

STUB Stub, n. Etym: [OE. stubbe, AS. stub, styb; akin to D. stobbe, LG. stubbe, Dan. stub, Sw. stubbe, Icel. stubbr, stubbi; cf. Gr.

1. The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; — applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub. Stubs sharp and hideous to behold. Chaucer. And prickly stubs instead of trees are found. Dryden.

2. A log; a block; a blockhead. [Obs.] Milton.

3. The short blunt part of anything after larger part has been broken off or used up; hence, anything short and thick; as, the stub of a pencil, candle, or cigar.

4. A part of a leaf in a check book, after a check is torn out, on which the number, amount, and destination of the check are usually recorded.

5. A pen with a short, blunt nib.

6. A stub nail; an old horseshoe nail; also, stub iron. Stub end (Mach.), the enlarged end of a connecting rod, to which the strap is fastened. — Stub iron, iron made from stub nails, or old horseshoe nails, — used in making gun barrels. — Stub mortise (Carp.), a mortise passing only partly through the timber in which it is formed. — Stub nail, an old horseshoe nail; a nail broken off; also, a short, thick nail. — Stub short, or Stub shot (Lumber Manuf.), the part of the end of a sawn log or plank which is beyond the place where the saw kerf ends, and which retains the plank in connection with the log, until it is split off. — Stub twist, material for a gun barrel, made of a spirally welded ribbon of steel and stub iron combined.

STUB
Stub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stubbing.]

1. To grub up by the roots; to extirpate; as, to stub up edible
roots.
What stubbing, plowing, digging, and harrowing is to a piece of land.
Berkley.

2. To remove stubs from; as, to stub land.

3. To strike as the toes, against a stub, stone, or other fixed object. [U. S.]

STUBBED
Stub"bed, a.

1. Reduced to a stub; short and thick, like something truncated; blunt; obtuse.

2. Abounding in stubs; stubby. A bit of stubbed ground, once a wood. R. Browning.

3. Not nice or delicate; hardy; rugged. "Stubbed, vulgar constitutions." Berkley.

STUBBEDNESS
Stub"bed*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being stubbed.

STUBBINESS
Stub"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stubby.

STUBBLE Stub"ble, n. Etym: [OE. stobil, stoble, OF. estouble, estuble, F. étuele, LL. stupla, stupula, L. stipula stubble, stalk; cf. D. & G. stopped, OHG. stupfila. Cf. Stipule.]

Defn: The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats, or buckwheat, left in
the ground; the part of the stalk left by the scythe or sickle.
"After the first crop is off, they plow in the wheast stubble."
Mortimer. Stubble goose (Zoöl.), the graylag goose. [Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer.
— Stubble rake, a rake with long teeth for gleaning in stubble.

STUBBLED
Stub"bled, a.

1. Covered with stubble. A crow was strutting o'er the stubbled plain. Gay.

2. Stubbed; as, stubbled legs. [Obs.] Skelton.

STUBBLY
Stub"bly, a.

Defn: Covered with stubble; stubbled.

STUBBORN Stub"born, a. Etym: [OE. stoburn, stiborn; probably fr. AS. styb a stub. See Stub.]

Defn: Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding; persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; — said of persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore; a stubborn oak; as stubborn as a mule. "Bow, stubborn knees." Shak. "Stubborn attention and more than common application." Locke. "Stubborn Stoics." Swift. And I was young and full of ragerie [wantonness] Stubborn and strong, and jolly as a pie. Chaucer. These heretics be so stiff and stubborn. Sir T. More. Your stubborn usage of the pope. Shak.

Syn.
— Obstinate; inflexible; obdurate; headstrong; stiff; hardy; firm;
refractory; intractable; rugged; contumacious; heady.
— Stubborn, Obstinate. Obstinate is used of either active or
passive persistence in one's views or conduct, in spite of the wishes
of others. Stubborn describes an extreme degree of passive obstinacy.
— Stub"born*ly, adv.
— Stub"born*ness, n.

STUBBY
Stub"by, a.

1. Abounding with stubs.

2. Short and thick; short and strong, as bristles.

STUCCO Stuc"co, n.; pl. Stuccoes, Stuccos. Etym: [It., fr. OHG. stucchi a crust, piece, G. stück piece; akin to AS. stycce. See Stock.]

1. Plaster of any kind used as a coating for walls, especially, a fine plaster, composed of lime or gypsum with sand and pounded marble, used for internal decorations and fine work.

2. Work made of stucco; stuccowork.

STUCCO
Stuc"co, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuccoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuccoing.]

Defn: To overlay or decorate with stucco, or fine plaster.

STUCCOER
Stuc"co*er, n.

Defn: One who stuccoes.

STUCCOWORK
Stuc"co*work`, n.

Defn: Work done in stucco.

STUCK
Stuck,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stick.

STUCK
Stuck, n. Etym: [Cf. 1st Stoccado.]

Defn: A thrust. [Obs.] Shak.

STUCKLE
Stuc"kle, n. Etym: [From Stook.]

Defn: A number of sheaves set together in the field; a stook.

STUCK-UP
Stuck"-up`, a.

Defn: Self-important and supercilious, [Colloq.]
The airs of small, stuck-up, men. A. K. H. Boyd.

STUD Stud, n. Etym: [OE. stod, stood, AS. stod; akin to OHG. stuota, G. stute a mare, Icel. sto stud, Lith. stodas a herd, Russ. stado, and to E. stand. The sense is properly, a stand, an establishment. *163. See Stand, and cf. Steed.]

Defn: A collection of breeding horses and mares, or the place where they are kept; also, a number of horses kept for a racing, riding, etc. In the studs of Ireland, where care is taken, we see horses bred of excellent shape, vigor, and size. Sir W. Temple. He had the finest stud in England, and his delight was to win plates from Tories. Macaulay.

STUD Stud, n. Etym: [AS. studu a post; akin to Sw. stöd a prop, Icel. sto a post, sty to prop, and probably ultimately to E. stand; cf. D. stut a prop, G. stütze. See Stand.]

1. A stem; a trunk. [Obs.] Seest not this same hawthorn stud Spenser.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An upright scanting, esp. one of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.

3. A kind of nail with a large head, used chiefly for ornament; an ornamental knob; a boss. A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs. Marlowe. Crystal and myrrhine cups, embossed with gems And studs of pearl. Milton.

4. An ornamental button of various forms, worn in a shirt front, collar, wristband, or the like, not sewed in place, but inserted through a buttonhole or eyelet, and transferable.

5. (Mach.) (a) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and sometimes forming a journal. (b) A stud bolt.

6. An iron brace across the shorter diameter of the link of a chain cable. Stud bolt, a bolt with threads on both ends, to be screwed permanently into a fixed part at one end and receive a nut upon the other; — called also standing bolt.

STUD
Stud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Studded; p. pr. & vb. n. Studding.]

1. To adorn with shining studs, or knobs. Thy horses shall be trapped, Their harness studded all with gold and pearl. Shak.

2. To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects; to set thickly, as with studs. The sloping sides and summits of our hills, and the extensive plains that stretch before our view, are studded with substantial, neat, and commodious dwellings of freemen. Bp. Hobart.

STUDBOOK
Stud"book`, n.

Defn: A genealogical register of a particular breed or stud of horses, esp. thoroughbreds.

STUDDERY
Stud"der*y, n.

Defn: A stud, or collection of breeding horses and mares; also, a place for keeping a stud. [Obs.] King Henry the Eighth erected a noble studdery. Holinshed.

STUDDING
Stud"ding, n.

Defn: Material for studs, or joists; studs, or joists, collectively; studs.

STUDDING SAIL
Stud"ding sail`. (Naut.)

Defn: A light sail set at the side of a principal or square sail of a vessel in free winds, to increase her speed. Its head is bent to a small spar which is called the studding-sail boom. See Illust. of Sail. Toten.

STUDENT
Stu"dent, n. Etym: [L. studens, -entis, p.pr. of studere to study.
See Study, n.]

1. A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Keep a gamester from the dice, and a good student from his book. Shak.

2. One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.

STUDENTRY
Stu"dent*ry, n.

Defn: A body of students. [R.]

STUDENTSHIP
Stu"dent*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a student.

STUDFISH
Stud"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small American minnows of the genus Fundulus, as F. catenatus.

STUD-HORSE
Stud"-horse`, n. Etym: [AS. stod-hors.]

Defn: A stallion, esp. one kept for breeding.

STUDIED
Stud"ied, a.

1. Closely examined; read with diligence and attention; made the subject of study; well considered; as, a studied lesson.

2. Well versed in any branch of learning; qualified by study; learned; as, a man well studied in geometry. I shrewdly suspect that he is little studied of a theory of moral proportions. Burke.

3. Premeditated; planned; designed; as, a studied insult. "Studied magnificence." Hawthorne.

4. Intent; inclined. [Obs.] Shak.

STUDIEDLY
Stud"ied*ly, adv.

Defn: In a studied manner.

STUDIER
Stud"i*er, n.

Defn: A student. [R.] W. Irving.
Lipsius was a great studier of the stoical philosophy. Tillotson.

STUDIO
Stu"di*o, n.; pl. Studios. Etym: [It. studio, properly, study. See
Study.]

Defn: The working room of an artist.

STUDIOUS
Stu"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. studious: cf. F. studieux. See Study.]

1. Given to study; devoted to the acquisition of knowledge from books; as, a studious scholar.

2. Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contemplation; contemplative. Locke.

3. Earnest in endeavors; aiming sedulously; attentive; observant; diligent; — usually followed by an infinitive or by of; as, be studious to please; studious to find new friends and allies. You that are so studious Of my affairs, wholly neglect your own. Massinger.

4. Planned with study; deliberate; studied. For the frigid villainy of studious lewdness, . . . with apology can be invented Rambler.

5. Favorable to study; suitable for thought and contemplation; as, the studious shade. [Poetic] But let my due feet never fail To walk the studious cloister's pale. Milton. — Stu"di*ous*ly, adv. — Stu"di*ous*ness, n.

STUDY
Stud"y, n.; pl. Studies. Etym: [OE. studie, L. studium, akin to
studere to study; possibly akin to Gr. estudie, estude, F. étude. Cf.
Etude, Student, Studio, Study, v. i.]

1. A setting of the mind or thoughts upon a subject; hence, application of mind to books, arts, or science, or to any subject, for the purpose of acquiring knowledge. Hammond . . . spent thirteen hours of the day in study. Bp. Fell. Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace. Sir W. Temple.

2. Mental occupation; absorbed or thoughtful attention; meditation; contemplation. Just men they seemed, and all their study bent To worship God aright, and know his works. Milton.

3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration. The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study. Law. The proper study of mankind is man. Pope.

4. A building or apartment devoted to study or to literary work. "His cheery little study." Hawthorne.

5. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A representation or rendering of any object or scene intended, not for exhibition as an original work of art, but for the information, instruction, or assistance of the maker; as, a study of heads or of hands for a figure picture.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A piece for special practice. See Etude.

STUDY
Stud"y, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Studied; p. pr. & vb. n. Studying.] Etym:
[OE. studien, OF. estudier, F. étudier. See Study, n.]

1. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder. Chaucer. I found a moral first, and then studied for a fable. Swift.

2. To apply the mind to books or learning. Shak.

3. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous. 1 Thes. iv. 11.

STUDY
Stud"y, v. t.

1. To apply the mind to; to read and examine for the purpose of learning and understanding; as, to study law or theology; to study languages.

2. To consider attentively; to examine closely; as, to study the work of nature. Study thyself; what rank or what degree The wise Creator has ordained for thee. Dryden.

3. To form or arrange by previous thought; to con over, as in committing to memory; as, to study a speech.

4. To make an object of study; to aim at sedulously; to devote one's thoughts to; as, to study the welfare of others; to study variety in composition. For their heart studieth destruction. Prov. xxiv. 2.

STUFA
Stu"fa, n. Etym: [It. stufa a stove. See Stove.]

Defn: A jet of steam issuing from a fissure in the earth.

STUFF Stuff, n. Etym: [OF. estoffe, F. étoffe; of uncertain origin, perhaps of Teutonic origin and akin to E. stop, v.t. Cf. Stuff, v. t.]

1. Material which is to be worked up in any process of manufacture. For the stuff they had was sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much. Ex. xxxvi. 7. Ambitions should be made of sterner stuff. Shak. The workman on his stuff his skill doth show, And yet the stuff gives not the man his skill. Sir J. Davies.

2. The fundamental material of which anything is made up; elemental part; essence. Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do no contrived murder. Shak.

3. Woven material not made into garments; fabric of any kind; specifically, any one of various fabrics of wool or worsted; sometimes, worsted fiber. What stuff wilt have a kirtle of Shak. It [the arras] was of stuff and silk mixed, though, superior kinds were of silk exclusively. F. G. Lee.

4. Furniture; goods; domestic vessels or utensils. He took away locks, and gave away the king's stuff. Hayward.

5. A medicine or mixture; a potion. Shak.

6. Refuse or worthless matter; hence, also, foolish or irrational language; nonsense; trash. Anger would indite Such woeful stuff as I or Shadwell write. Dryden.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: A melted mass of turpentine, tallow, etc., with which the masts, sides, and bottom of a ship are smeared for lubrication. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

8. Paper stock ground ready for use.

Note: When partly ground, called half stuff. Knight. Clear stuff. See under Clear. — Small stuff (Naut.), all kinds of small cordage. Ham. Nav. Encyc. — Stuff gown, the distinctive garb of a junior barrister; hence, a junior barrister himself. See Silk gown, under Silk.stuff and nonsense. (See def. 6 for stuff) balderdash, twaddle, nonsense, foolishness.

STUFF Stuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuffing.] Etym: [OE. stoffen; cf. OF. estoffer, F. étoffer, to put stuff in, to stuff, to line, also, OF. estouffer to stifle, F. étouffer; both perhaps of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. stop. Cf. Stop, v. t., Stuff, n.]

1. To fill by crowding something into; to cram with something; to load to excess; as, to stuff a bedtick. Sometimes this crook drew hazel bought adown, And stuffed her apron wide with nuts so brown. Gay. Lest the gods, for sin, Should with a swelling dropsy stuff thy skin. Dryden.

2. To thrust or crowd; to press; to pack. Put roses into a glass with a narrow mouth, stuffing them close together . . . and they retain smell and color. Bacon.

3. To fill by being pressed or packed into. With inward arms the dire machine they load, And iron bowels stuff the dark abode. Dryden.

4. (Cookery)

Defn: To fill with a seasoning composition of bread, meat, condiments, etc.; as, to stuff a turkey.

5. To obstruct, as any of the organs; to affect with some obstruction in the organs of sense or respiration. I'm stuffed, cousin; I can not smell. Shak.

6. To fill the skin of, for the purpose of preserving as a specimen; — said of birds or other animals.

7. To form or fashion by packing with the necessary material. An Eastern king put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence, and ordered his hide to be stuffed into a cushion, and placed upon the tribunal. Swift.

8. To crowd with facts; to cram the mind of; sometimes, to crowd or fill with false or idle tales or fancies.

9. To put fraudulent votes into (a ballot box). [U. S.]

STUFF
Stuff, v. i.

Defn: To feed gluttonously; to cram.
Taught harmless man to cram and stuff. Swift.

STUFFER
Stuff"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stuffs.

STUFFINESS
Stuff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being stuffy.

STUFFING
Stuff"ing, n.

1. That which is used for filling anything; as, the stuffing of a saddle or cushion.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Any seasoning preparation used to stuff meat; especially, a composition of bread, condiments, spices, etc.; forcemeat; dressing.

3. A mixture of oil and tallow used in softening and dressing leather. Stuffing box, a device for rendering a joint impervious where there is a hole through which a movable cylindrical body, as the paston rod of a steam engine, or the plunger of a pump, slides back and forth, or in which a shaft turns. It usually consists of a box or chamber, made by an enlargement of part of the hole, forming a space around the rod or shaft for containing packing which is compressed and made to fill the space closely by means of a sleeve, called the gland, which fits loosely around the rod, and is pressed upon the packing by bolts or other means.

STUFFY
Stuff"y, a.

1. Stout; mettlesome; resolute. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. Angry and obstinate; sulky. [U. S.]

3. Ill-ventilated; close.

STUKE
Stuke, n.

Defn: Stucco. [Obs.]

STULL
Stull, n. Etym: [CF. Stum.]

Defn: A framework of timber covered with boards to support rubbish; also, a framework of boards to protect miners from falling stones. [Prov. Eng.]

STULM
Stulm, n. Etym: [Cf. G. stollen a post, a stulm, E. stall, stand.]

Defn: A shaft or gallery to drain a mine. [Local, Eng.] Bailey.

STULP
Stulp, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. stolpi, Dan., Sw., & OD. stolpe.]

Defn: A short, stout post used for any purpose, a to mark a boundary.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STULTIFICATION
Stul`ti*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of stultifying, or the state of being stultified.

STULTIFIER
Stul"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who stultifies.

STULTIFY
Stul"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stultified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stultifying.] Etym: [L. stultus foolish + -fy.]

1. To make foolish; to make a fool of; as, to stultify one by imposition; to stultify one's self by silly reasoning or conduct. Burke.

2. To regard as a fool, or as foolish. [R.] The modern sciolist stultifies all understanding but his own, and that which he conceives like his own. Hazlitt.

3. (Law)

Defn: To allege or prove to be of unsound mind, so that the performance of some act may be avoided.

STULTILOQUENCE Stul*til"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquentia; stultus foolish + loquentia a talking, fr. loquens, p.pr. of loqui to talk.]

Defn: Silly talk; babbling.

STULTILOQUENT
Stul*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [Cf. L. stultiloquus. See Stultiloquence.]

Defn: Given to, or characterized by, silly talk; babbling.
— Stul*til"o*quent*ly, adv.

STULTILOQUY
Stul*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. stultiloquium.]

Defn: Foolish talk; silly discource; babbling. Jer. Taylor.

STULTY
Stul"ty, a. Etym: [L. stultus foolish.]

Defn: Foolish; silly. [Obs.] Testament of Love.

STUM Stum, n. Etym: [D. stom must, new wort, properly, dumb; cf. F. vin muet stum. Cf. Stammer, Stoom.]

1. Unfermented grape juice or wine, often used to raise fermentation in dead or vapid wines; must. Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine. B. Jonson. And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause. Dryden.

2. Wine revived by new fermentation, reulting from the admixture of must. Hudibras.

STUM
Stum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumming.]

Defn: To renew, as wine, by mixing must with it and raising a new
fermentation.
We stum our wines to renew their spirits. Floyer.

STUMBLE
Stum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Stumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumbling.]
Etym: [OE. stumblen, stomblen; freq. of a word akin to E. stammer.
See Stammer.]

1. To trip in walking or in moving in any way with the legs; to strike the foot so as to fall, or to endanger a fall; to stagger because of a false step. There stumble steeds strong and down go all. Chaucer. The way of the wicked is as darkness: they know at what they stumble. Prov. iv. 19.

2. To walk in an unsteady or clumsy manner. He stumbled up the dark avenue. Sir W. Scott.

3. To fall into a crime or an error; to err. He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, and there is none occasion og stumbling in him. 1 John ii. 10.

4. To strike or happen (upon a person or thing) without design; to fall or light by chance; — with on, upon, or against. Ovid stumbled, by some inadvertency, upon Livia in a bath. Dryden. Forth as she waddled in the brake, A gray goose stumbled on a snake. C. Smart.

STUMBLE
Stum"ble, v. t.

1. To cause to stumble or trip.

2. Fig.: To mislead; to confound; to perplex; to cause to err or to
fall.
False and dazzling fires to stumble men. Milton.
One thing more stumbles me in the very foundation of this hypothesis.
Locke.

STUMBLE
Stum"ble, n.

1. A trip in walking or running.

2. A blunder; a failure; a fall from rectitude. One stumble is enough to deface the character of an honorable life. L'Estrange.

STUMBLER
Stum"bler, n.

Defn: One who stumbles.

STUMBLING-BLOCK
Stum"bling-block`, n.

Defn: Any cause of stumbling, perplexity, or error. We preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling-block, and unto the Greeks foolishness. 1 Cor. i. 23.

STUMBLINGLY
Stum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a stumbling manner.

STUMBLING-STONE
Stum"bling-stone`, n.

Defn: A stumbling-block.
This stumbling-stone we hope to take away. T. Burnet.

STUMP
Stump, n. Etym: [OE. stumpe, stompe; akin to D. stomp, G. stumpf,
Icel. stumpr, Dan. & Sw. stump, and perhaps also to E. stamp.]

1. The part of a tree or plant remaining in the earth after the stem or trunk is cut off; the stub.

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part is amputated or destroyed; a fixed or rooted remnant; a stub; as, the stump of a leg, a finger, a tooth, or a broom.

3. pl.

Defn: The legs; as, to stir one's stumps. [Slang]

4. (Cricket)

Defn: One of the three pointed rods stuck in the ground to form a wicket and support the bails.

5. A short, thick roll of leather or paper, cut to a point, or any similar implement, used to rub down the lines of a crayon or pencil drawing, in shading it, or for shading drawings by producing tints and gradations from crayon, etc., in powder.

6. A pin in a tumbler lock which forms an obstruction to throwing the bolt, except when the gates of the tumblers are properly arranged, as by the key; a fence; also, a pin or projection in a lock to form a guide for a movable piece. Leg stump (Cricket), the stump nearest to the batsman. — Off stump (Cricket), the stump farthest from the batsman. — Stump tracery (Arch.), a term used to describe late German Gothic tracery, in which the molded bar seems to pass through itself in its convolutions, and is then cut off short, so that a section of the molding is seen at the end of each similar stump. — To go on the stump, or To take the stump, to engage in making public addresses for electioneering purposes; — a phrase derived from the practice of using a stump for a speaker's platform in newly- settled districts. Hence also the phrases stump orator, stump speaker, stump speech, stump oratory, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]

STUMP
Stump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stumping.]

1. To cut off a part of; to reduce to a stump; to lop. Around the stumped top soft moss did grow. Dr. H. More.

2. To strike, as the toes, against a stone or something fixed; to stub. [Colloq.]

3. To challenge; also, to nonplus. [Colloq.]

4. To travel over, delivering speeches for electioneering purposes; as, to stump a State, or a district. See To go on the stump, under Stump, n. [Colloq. U.S.]

5. (Cricket) (a) To put (a batsman) out of play by knocking off the bail, or knocking down the stumps of the wicket he is defending while he is off his allotted ground; — sometimes with out. T. Hughes. (b) To bowl down the stumps of, as, of a wicket. A herd of boys with clamor bowled, And stumped the wicket. Tennyson. To stump it. (a) To go afoot; hence, to run away; to escape. [Slang] Ld. Lytton. (b) To make electioneering speeches. [Colloq. U.S.]

STUMP
Stump, v. i.

Defn: To walk clumsily, as if on stumps. To stump up, to pay cash.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

STUMPAGE
Stump"age, n.

1. Timber in standing trees, — often sold without the land at a fixed price per tree or per stump, the stumps being counted when the land is cleared. [Local, U.S.] Only trees above a certain size are allowed to be cut by loggers buying stumpage from the owners of land. C. S. Sargent.

2. A tax on the amount of timber cut, regulated by the price of lumber. [Local, U.S.] The Nation.

STUMPER
Stump"er, n.

1. One who stumps.

2. A boastful person. [Slang]

3. A puzzling or incredible story. [Slang, U.S.]

STUMPINESS
Stump"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being stumpy.

STUMP-TAILED
Stump"-tailed`, a.

Defn: Having a short, thick tail. Stump-tailed lizard (Zoöl.), a singular Australian scincoid lizard (Trachydosaurus rugosus) having a short, thick tail resembling its head in form; — called also sleeping lizard.

STUMPY
Stump"y, a.

1. Full of stumps; hard; strong.

2. Short and thick; stubby. [Colloq.] "A stumpy little man." J. C. Harris.

STUN
Stun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunning.] Etym:
[OE. stonien, stownien; either fr. AS. stunian to resound (cf. D.
stenen to groan, G. stöhnen, Icel. stynja, Gr. stan to thunder, and
E. thunder), or from the same source as E. astonish. *168.]

1. To make senseless or dizzy by violence; to render senseless by a blow, as on the head. One hung a poleax at his saddlebow, And one a heavy mace to stun the foe. Dryden.

2. To dull or deaden the sensibility of; to overcome; especially, to overpower one's sense of hearing. And stunned him with the music of the spheres. Pope.

3. To astonish; to overpower; to bewilder. William was quite stunned at my discourse. De Foe.

STUN
Stun, n.

Defn: The condition of being stunned.

STUNDIST Stun"dist, n. [Russ. shtundist, prob. fr. G. stunde hour; — from their meetings for Bible reading.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a large sect of Russian dissenters founded, about 1860, in the village of Osnova, near Odessa, by a peasant, Onishchenko, who had apparently been influenced by a German sect settled near there. They zealously practice Bible reading and reject priestly dominion and all external rites of worship. — Stun"dism (#), n.

STUNG
Stung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sting.

STUNK
Stunk,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Stink.

STUNNER
Stun"ner, n.

1. One who, or that which, stuns.

2. Something striking or amazing in quality; something of extraordinary excellence. [Slang] Thackeray.

STUNNING
Stun"ning, a.

1. Overpowering consciousness; overpowering the senses; especially, overpowering the sense of hearing; confounding with noise.

2. Striking or overpowering with astonishment, especially on account of excellence; as, stunning poetry. [Slang] C. Kingsley. — Stun"ning*ly, adv. [Slang]

STUNSAIL
Stun"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A contraction of Studding sail.
With every rag set, stunsails, sky scrapers and all. Lowell.

STUNT
Stunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Stunting.] Etym:
[See Stint.]

Defn: To hinder from growing to the natural size; to prevent the growth of; to stint, to dwarf; as, to stunt a child; to stunt a plant. When, by a cold penury, I blast the abilities of a nation, and stunt the growth of its active energies, the ill or may do is beyond all calculation. Burke.

STUNT
Stunt, n.

1. A check in growth; also, that which has been checked in growth; a stunted animal or thing.

2. Specifically: A whale two years old, which, having been weaned, is lean, and yields but little blubber.

STUNTED
Stunt"ed, a.

Defn: Dwarfed.
— Stunt"ed*ness, n.

STUNTNESS
Stunt"ness, n.

Defn: Stuntedness; brevity. [R.] Earle.

STUPA
Stu"pa (stoo"pa), n. Etym: [Skr. stupa.]

Defn: A mound or monument commemorative of Buddha.

STUPA
Stu"pa (stu"pa), n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: See 1st Stupe.

STUPE
Stupe, n. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stop, v. t.]
(Med.)

Defn: Cloth or flax dipped in warm water or medicaments and applied to a hurt or sore.

STUPE
Stupe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stuped; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuping.]

Defn: To foment with a stupe. Wiseman.

STUPE
Stupe, n. Etym: [See Stupid.]

Defn: A stupid person. [Obs.]

STUPEFACIENT
Stu`pe*fa"cient, a. Etym: [L. stupefaciens, p.pr. of stupefacere to
stupefy; stupere to be stupefied + facere to make. Cf. Stupefy.]
[Written also stupifacient.]

Defn: Producing stupefaction; stupefactive.
— n. (Med.)

Defn: Anything promoting stupefaction; a narcotic.

STUPEFACTION
Stu`pe*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfaction. See Stupefacient.]

Defn: The act of stupefying, or the state of being stupefied.
[Written also stupifaction.]
Resistance of the dictates of conscience brings a hardness and
stupefaction upon it. South.

STUPEFACTIVE Stu`pe*fac"tive, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. stupéfactif, LL. stupefactivus.]

Defn: Same as Stupefacient. [Written also stupifactive.]

STUPEFIED
Stu"pe*fied, a.

Defn: Having been made stupid.

STUPEFIEDNESS
Stu"pe*fied`ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being stupid.

STUPEFIER
Stu"pe*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, stupefies; a stupefying agent.

STUPEFY
Stu"pe*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stupefied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Stupefying.] Etym: [F. stupéfier, fr. L. stupere to be stupefied +
ficare (in comp.) to make, akin to facere. See Stupid, Fact, and cf.
Stupefacient.] [Written also stupify, especially in England.]

1. To make stupid; to make dull; to blunt the faculty of perception or understanding in; to deprive of sensibility; to make torpid. The fumes of drink discompose and stupefy the brain. South.

2. To deprive of material mobility. [Obs.] It is not malleable; but yet is not fluent, but stupefied. Bacon.

STUPENDOUS Stu*pen"dous, a. Etym: [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]

Defn: Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in
magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. "A stupendous sum."
Macaulay.
All are but parts of one stupendous whole. Pope.
— Stu*pen"dous*ly, adv.
— Stu*pen"dous*ness, n.

STUPEOUS Stu"pe*ous, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow; cf. L. stuppeus made of tow. Cf. Stupose.]

Defn: Resembling tow; having long, loose scales, or matted filaments, like tow; stupose.

STUPID Stu"pid, a. Etym: [L. stupidus, fr. stupere to be stupefied: cf. F. stupide.]

1. Very dull; insensible; senseless; wanting in understanding; heavy; sluggish; in a state of stupor; — said of persons. O that men . . . should be so stupid grown . . . As to forsake the living God! Milton. With wild surprise, A moment stupid, motionless he stood. Thomson.

2. Resulting from, or evincing, stupidity; formed without skill or genius; dull; heavy; — said of things. Observe what loads of stupid rhymes Oppress us in corrupted times. Swift.

Syn.
— Simple; insensible; sluggish; senseless; doltish; sottish; dull;
heavy; clodpated.
— Stu"pid*ly, adv.
— Stu"pid*ness, n.

STUPIDITY
Stu*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. stupiditas: cf. F. stupidité.]

1. The quality or state of being stupid; extreme dullness of perception or understanding; insensibility; sluggishness.

2. Stupor; astonishment; stupefaction. [R.] A stupidity Past admiration strikes me, joined with fear. Chapman.

STUPIFY
Stu"pi*fy, v. t.

Defn: See Stupefy.

STUPOR
Stu"por, n. Etym: [L., from stupere to be struck senseless.]

1. Great diminution or suspension of sensibility; suppression of sense or feeling; lethargy.

2. Intellectual insensibility; moral stupidity; heedlessness or inattention to one's interests.

STUPOSE
Stu*pose, a. Etym: [L. stupa, or better stuppa, tow. Cf. Stupeous.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Composed of, or having, tufted or matted filaments like tow; stupeous.

STUPRATE Stu"prate, v. t. Etym: [L. stupratus, p.p. of stuprare to ravish, fr. stuprum defilement.]

Defn: To ravish; to debauch. [R.] Heywood.

STUPRATION
Stu*pra"tion, n.

Defn: Violation of chastity by force; rape. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

STUPRUM
Stu"prum, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Stupration.

STURB
Sturb, v. t.

Defn: To disturb. [Obs.] Chaucer.

STURDILY
Stur"di*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sturdy manner.

STURDINESS
Stur"di*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sturdy.

STURDY Stur"dy, a. [Compar. Sturdier; superl. Sturdiest.] Etym: [OE. sturdi inconsiderable, OF. estourdi stunned, giddy, thoughtless, rash, F. étourdi, p.p. of OF. estourdir to stun, to render giddy, to amaze, F. étourdir; of uncertain origin. The sense has probably been influenced by E. stout.]

1. Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn; unrelenting; unfeeling; stern. This sturdy marquis gan his hearte dress To rue upon her wifely steadfastness. Chaucer. This must be done, and I would fain see Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay. Hudibras. A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps. Atterbury.

2. Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality; as, a man of sturdy piety or patriotism.

3. Characterized by physical strength or force; strong; lusty; violent; as, a sturdy lout. How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke! Gray.

4. Stiff; stout; strong; as, a sturdy oak. Milton. He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty. Sir H. Wotton.

Syn.
— Hardy; stout; strong; firm; robust; stiff.

STURDY
Stur"dy, n. Etym: [OF. estourdi giddiness, stupefaction.] (Vet.)

Defn: A disease in sheep and cattle, marked by great nervousness, or by dullness and stupor.

STURGEON
Stur"geon, n. Etym: [F. esturgeon, LL. sturio, sturgio, OHG. sturjo,
G. stör; akin to AS. styria, styriga.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large cartilaginous ganoid fishes belonging to Acipenser and allied genera of the family Acipenseridæ. They run up rivers to spawn, and are common on the coasts and in the large rivers and lakes of North America, Europe, and Asia. Caviare is prepared from the roe, and isinglass from the air bladder.

Note: The common North American species are Acipenser sturio of the Atlantic coast region, A. transmontanus of the Pacific coast, and A. rubicundus of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. In Europe, the common species is Acipenser sturio, and other well-known species are the sterlet and the huso. The sturgeons are included in the order Chondrostei. Their body is partially covered by five rows of large, carinated, bony plates, of which one row runs along the back. The tail is heterocercal. The toothless and protrusile mouth is beneath the head, and has four barbels in front. Shovel-nosed sturgeon. (Zoöl.) See Shovelnose (d).

STURIONES
Stu`ri*o"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from LL. sturio. See Sturgeon.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes including the sturgeons.

STURIONIAN
Stu`ri*o"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the family of fishes of which the sturgeon is the type.

STURK
Sturk, n.

Defn: See Stirk. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STURNOID
Stur"noid, a. Etym: [L. sturnus a starling + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the starlings.

STURT
Sturt, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Start, v. i.]

Defn: To vex; to annoy; to startle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

STURT
Sturt, n.

1. Disturbance; annoyance; care. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Sturt and care." J. Rolland.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A bargain in tribute mining by which the tributor profits.
Raymond.

STURTION
Stur"tion, n.

Defn: A corruption of Nasturtion.

STUT
Stut, v. i.

Defn: To stutter. [Obs.] Skelton.

STUTTER Stut"ter, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Stuttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Stuttering.] Etym: [Freq. of stut, OE. stoten; probably of Dutch or Low German origin; cf. D. & LG. stotteren, G. stottern, D. stooten to push, to strike; akin to G. stossen, Icel. stauta, Sw. stöta, Dan. stöde, Goth. stautan, L. tundere, Skr. tud to thrust. Cf. Contuse, Obtuse.]

Defn: To hesitate or stumble in uttering words; to speak with spasmodic repetition or pauses; to stammer. Trembling, stuttering, calling for his confessor. Macaulay.

STUTTER
Stut"ter, n.

1. The act of stuttering; a stammer. See Stammer, and Stuttering.

2. One who stutters; a stammerer. [Obs.] Bacon.

STUTTERER
Stut"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who stutters; a stammerer.

STUTTERING
Stut"ter*ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who stutters; — restricted by some physiologists to defective speech due to inability to form the proper sounds, the breathing being normal, as distinguished from stammering.

STUTTERING
Stut"ter*ing, a.

Defn: Apt to stutter; hesitating; stammering.
— Stut"ter*ing*ly, adv.

STY Sty, n.; pl. Sties (. [Written also stigh.] Etym: [AS. stigu, fr. stigan to rise; originally, probably, a place into which animals climbed or went up. *164. See Sty, v. i., and cf. Steward.]

1. A pen or inclosure for swine.

2. A place of bestial debauchery. To roll with pleasure in a sensual sty. Milton.

STY
Sty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stied; p. pr. & vb. n. Stying.]

Defn: To shut up in, or as in, a sty. Shak.

STY Sty, v. i. Etym: [OE. stien, sti, AS. stigan to rise; akin to D. stijgen, OS. & OHG. stigan, G. steigen, Icel. stiga, Sw. stiga, Dan. stige, Goth. steigan, L. vestigium footstep, Gr. stigh to mount. Cf. Distich, Stair steps, Stirrup, Sty a boil, a pen for swine, Vestige.]

Defn: To soar; to ascend; to mount. See Stirrup. [Obs.]
With bolder wing shall dare aloft to sty, To the last praises of this
Faery Queene. Spenser.

STY
Sty, n. Etym: [For older styan, styanye, understood as sty on eye,
AS. stigend (sc. eáge eye), properly, rising, or swelling (eye), p.p.
of stigan to rise. See Sty, v. i.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflamed swelling or boil on the edge of the eyelid.
[Written also stye.]

STYAN
Sty"an, n.

Defn: See Sty, a boil. [R.] De quincey.

STYCA
Sty"ca, n. Etym: [LL., fr. AS. stic, styc, stycge.]

Defn: An anglo-Saxon copper coin of the lowest value, being worth half a farthing. S. M. Leake.

STYCERIN
Sty"cer*in, n. Etym: [Styryl + glycerin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A triacid alcohol, related to glycerin, and obtained from certain styryl derivatives as a yellow, gummy, amorphous substance; - - called also phenyl glycerin.

STYE
Stye, n.

Defn: See Sty, a boil.

STYGIAL
Styg"i*al, a.

Defn: Stygian. [R.] Skelton.

STYGIAN
Styg"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Stygius, fr. Styx, Stygis, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Styx; hence, hellish; infernal.
See Styx.
At that so sudden blaze, the Stygian throng Bent their aspect.
Milton.

STYLAGALMAIC
Sty`la*gal*ma"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Performing the office of columns; as, Atlantes and Caryatides are stylagalmaic figures or images. [Written also stylogalmaic.]

STYLAR
Sty"lar, a.

Defn: See Stilar.

STYLASTER
Sty*las"ter, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of delicate, usually pink, calcareous hydroid corals of the genus Stylaster.

STYLE Style, n. Etym: [OE. stile, F. style, Of. also stile, L. stilus a style or writing instrument, manner or writing, mode of expression; probably for stiglus, meaning, a pricking instrument, and akin to E. stick. See Stick, v. t., and cf. Stiletto. The spelling with y is due to a supposed connection with Gr.

1. An instrument used by the ancients in writing on tablets covered with wax, having one of its ends sharp, and the other blunt, and somewhat expanded, for the purpose of making erasures by smoothing the wax.

2. Hence, anything resembling the ancient style in shape or use. Specifically: — (a) A pen; an author's pen. Dryden. (b) A sharp-pointed tool used in engraving; a graver. (c) A kind of blunt-pointed surgical instrument. (d) (Zoöl.) A long, slender, bristlelike process, as the anal styles of insects. (e) Etym: [Perhaps fr. Gr.

Defn: The pin, or gnomon, of a dial, the shadow of which indicates the hour. See Gnomon. (f) Etym: [Probably fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The elongated part of a pistil between the ovary and the stigma. See Illust. of Stamen, and of Pistil.

3. Mode of expressing thought in language, whether oral or written; especially, such use of language in the expression of thought as exhibits the spirit and faculty of an artist; choice or arrangement of words in discourse; rhetorical expression. High style, as when that men to kinges write. Chaucer. Style is the dress of thoughts. Chesterfield. Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style. Swift. It is style alone by which posterity will judge of a great work. I. Disraeli.

4. Mode of presentation, especially in music or any of the fine arts; a characteristic of peculiar mode of developing in idea or accomplishing a result. The ornamental style also possesses its own peculiar merit. Sir J. Reynolds.

5. Conformity to a recognized standard; manner which is deemed elegant and appropriate, especially in social demeanor; fashion. According to the usual style of dedications. C. Middleton.

6. Mode or phrase by which anything is formally designated; the title; the official designation of any important body; mode of address; as, the style of Majesty. One style to a gracious benefactor, another to a proud, insulting foe. Burke.

7. (Chron.)

Defn: A mode of reckoning time, with regard to the Julian and
Gregorian calendars.

Note: Style is Old or New. The Old Style follows the Julian manner of computing the months and days, or the calendar as established by Julius Cæsar, in which every fourth year consists of 366 days, and the other years of 365 days. This is about 11 minutes in a year too much. Pope Georgy XIII. reformed the calendar by retrenching 10 days in October, 1582, in order to bring back the vernal equinox to the same day as at the time of the Council of Nice, A.D. 325. This reformation was adopted by act of the British Parliament in 1751, by which act 11 days in September, 1752, were retrenched, and the third day was reckoned the fourteenth. This mode of reckoning is called New Style, according to which every year divisible by 4, unless it is divisible by 100 without being divisible by 400, has 366 days, and any other year 365 days. Style of court, the practice or manner observed by a court in its proceedings. Ayliffe.

Syn.
— Diction; phraseology; manner; course; title. See Diction.

STYLE
Style, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Styled; p. pr. & vb. n. Styling.]

Defn: To entitle; to term, name, or call; to denominate. "Styled great conquerors." Milton. How well his worth and brave adventures styled. Dryden.

Syn.
— To call; name; denominate; designate; term; characterize.

STYLET
Sty"let, n. Etym: [F., dim. of style; cf. It. stiletto. See
Stiletto.]

Defn: A small poniard; a stiletto.

2. (Surg.) (a) An instrument for examining wounds and fistulas, and for passing setons, and the like; a probe, — called also specillum. (b) A stiff wire, inserted in catheters or other tubular instruments to maintain their shape and prevent clogging.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ; as, the caudal stylets of certain insects; the ventral stylets of certain Infusoria.

STYLIFEROUS
Sty*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Style + -ferous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing one or more styles.

STYLIFORM
Sty"li*form, a. Etym: [Style + -form: cf. F. styliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of, or resembling, a style, pin, or pen; styloid.

STYLISH
Styl"ish, a.

Defn: Having style or artistic quality; given to, or fond of, the
display of style; highly fashionable; modish; as, a stylish dress,
house, manner.
— Styl"ish*ly, adv.
— Styl"ish*ness, n.

STYLIST
Styl"ist, n.

Defn: One who is a master or a model of style, especially in writing or speaking; a critic of style. Distinguished as a stylist, for ease. Fitzed. Hall.

STYLISTIC
Sty*lis"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to style in language. [R.] "Stylistic
trifles." J. A. Symonds.
The great stylistic differences in the works ascribed to him
[Wyclif]. G. P. Marsh.

STYLITE
Sty"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a sect of anchorites in the early church, who lived on the tops of pillars for the exercise of their patience; — called also pillarist and pillar saint.

STYLO-
Sty"lo-.

Defn: A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the styloid process of the temporal bone; as, stylohyal, stylomastoid, stylomaxillary.

STYLOBATE
Sty"lo*bate, n. Etym: [L. stylobates, stylobata, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: The uninterrupted and continuous flat band, coping, or pavement upon which the bases of a row of columns are supported. See Sub-base.

STYLOGLOSSAL
Sty`lo*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Stylo- + glossal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to styloid process and the tongue.

STYLOGRAPH
Sty"lo*graph, n.

Defn: A stylographic pen.

STYLOGRAPHIC
Sty`lo*graph"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to stylography; used in stylography; as, stylographic tablets.

2. Pertaining to, or used in, stylographic pen; as, stylographic ink. Stylographic pen, a pen with a conical point like that of a style, combined with a reservoir for supplying it with ink. — Stylographic pencil, a pencil used in stylography.

STYLOGRAPHICAL
Sty`lo*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Same as Stylographic, 1.
— Sty`lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

STYLOGRAPHY
Sty*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Style + -graphy.]

Defn: A mode of writing or tracing lines by means of a style on cards or tablets.

STYLOHYAL
Sty`lo*hy"al, n. Etym: [Stylo- + the Gr. letter (Anat.)

Defn: A segment in the hyoidean arch between the epihyal and tympanohyal.

STYLOHYOID
Sty`lo*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the hyoid bone.

STYLOID
Sty"loid, a. Etym: [Style + -oid: cf. F. styloïde, Gr.

1. Styliform; as, the styloid process.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process. Styloid process (Anat.), a long and slender process from the lower side of the temporal bone of man, corresponding to the tympanohyal and stylohyal of other animals.

STYLOMASTOID
Sty`lo*mas"toid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid and mastoid processes of the temporal bone.

STYLOMAXILLARY
Sty`lo*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the styloid process and the maxilla.

STYLOMETER
Sty*lom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring columns.

STYLOMMATA
Sty*lom"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Stylommatophora.

STYLOMMATOPHORA
Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pulmonata in which the eyes are situated at the tips of the tentacles. It includes the common land snails and slugs. See Illust. under Snail.

STYLOMMATOPHOROUS
Sty*lom`ma*toph"o*rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Stylommatophora.

STYLOPODIUM
Sty`lo*po"di*um, n.; pl. Stylopodia. Etym: [NL. See Style, and
Podium.] (Bot.)

Defn: An expansion at the base of the style, as in umbelliferous plants.

STYLOPS
Sty"lops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of minute insects parasitic, in their larval state, on bees and wasps. It is the typical genus of the group Strepsiptera, formerly considered a distinct order, but now generally referred to the Coleoptera. See Strepsiptera.

STYLUS
Sty"lus, n. Etym: [L. stylus, or better stilus.]

Defn: An instrument for writing. See Style, n., 1. That needle-shaped part at the tip of the playing arm of phonograph which sits in the groove of a phonograph record while it is turning, to detect the undulations in the phonograph groove and convert them into vibrations which are transmitted to a system (since 1920 electronic) which converts the signal into sound; also called needle. The stylus is frequently composed of metal or diamond. 3. The needle-like device used to cut the grooves which record the sound on the original disc during recording of a phonograph record. 4. (Computers)

Defn: A pen-shaped pointing device used to specify the cursor position on a graphics tablet.

STYMIE; STIMY
Sty"mie, n. Also Sti"my. [Orig. uncertain.] (Golf)

Defn: The position of two balls on the putting green such that, being more than six inches apart, one ball lies directly between the other and the hole at which the latter must be played; also, the act of bringing the balls into this position.

STYMIE; STIMY
Sty"mie, v. t. Also Sti"my. (Golf)

Defn: To bring into the position of, or impede by, a stymie.

STYPHNATE
Styph"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of styphnic acid.

STYPHNIC
Styph"nic, a. Etym: [Gr. (spurious) sty`fein to contract.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow crystalline astringent acid, (NO2)3.C6H.(OH)2, obtained by the action of nitric acid on resorcin. Styphnic acid resembles picric acid, but is not bitter. It acts like a strong dibasic acid, having a series of well defined salts.

STYPTIC
Styp"tic, a. Etym: [L. stypticus, Gr.

Defn: Producing contraction; stopping bleeding; having the quality of restraining hemorrhage when applied to the bleeding part; astringent. [Written also stiptic.] Styptic weed (Bot.), an American leguminous herb (Cassia occidentalis) closely related to the wild senna.

STYPTIC
Styp"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A styptic medicine.

STYPTICAL
Styp"tic*al, a.

Defn: Styptic; astringent.

STYPTICITY
Styp*tic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. stypticité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being styptic; astringency.

STYRACIN
Styr"a*cin, n. Etym: [See Styrax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline tasteless substance extracted from gum storax, and consisting of a salt of cinnamic acid with cinnamic alcohol.

STYRAX
Sty"rax, n. Etym: [L. styrax, storax, Gr. Storax.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees, mostly American or Asiatic, abounding in resinous and aromatic substances. Styrax officinalis yields storax, and S. Benzoin yields benzoin.

2. Same as Storax.

STYROL
Sty"rol, n. Etym: [Styrax + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Styrolene.

STYROLENE
Sty"ro*lene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C8H8, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; — called also phenyl ethylene, vinyl benzene, styrol, styrene, and cinnamene.

STYRONE
Sty"rone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a sweet taste and a hyacinthlike odor, obtained by the decomposition of styracin; — properly called cinnamic, or styryl, alcohol.

STYRYL
Sty"ryl, n. Etym: [Styrax + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical found in certain derivatives of styrolene and cinnamic acid; — called also cinnyl, or cinnamyl.

STYTHE
Stythe, n. (Mining)

Defn: Choke damp.

STYTHY
Styth"y, n. & v.

Defn: See Stithy.

STYX
Styx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The principal river of the lower world, which had to be crossed in passing to the regions of the dead.

SUABILITY
Su`a*bil"i*ty, n. (Law)

Defn: Liability to be sued; the state of being subjected by law to civil process.

SUABLE
Su"a*ble, a. (Law)

Defn: Capable of being sued; subject by law to be called to answer in court. Story.

SUADE
Suade, v. t. Etym: [L. suadere.]

Defn: To persuade. [Obs.]

SUADIBLE
Suad"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadibilis.]

Defn: Suasible. [Obs.] Wyclif (James iii. 17).

SUAGE
Suage, v. t.

Defn: To assuage. [Obs.] Dryden.

SUANT
Su"ant, a. Etym: [Cf. Sue to pursue.]

Defn: Spread equally over the surface; uniform; even. [Written also suent.] [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.] — Su"ant*ly, adv. [Local, U.S. & Prov. Eng.]

SUASIBLE
Sua"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. suadere, suasum, to persuade.]

Defn: Capable of being persuaded; easily persuaded.

SUASION Sua"sion, n. Etym: [L. suasio, fr. suadere, suasum, to advise, persuade, fr. suadus persuading, persuasive; akin to suavis sweet: cf. OF. suasion. See Suave, and cf. Dissuade, Persuade.]

Defn: The act of persuading; persuasion; as, moral suasion.

SUASIVE
Sua"sive, a.

Defn: Having power to persuade; persuasive; suasory. South. "Genial and suasive satire." Earle. — Sua"sive*ly, adv.

SUASORY
Sua"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. suasorius: cf. F. suasoire.]

Defn: Tending to persuade; suasive.

SUAVE Suave, a. Etym: [L. suavis sweet, pleasant: cf. F. suave. See Sweet, and cf. Suasion.]

Defn: Sweet; pleasant; delightful; gracious or agreeable in manner;
bland.
— Suave"ly, adv.

SUAVIFY
Suav"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suavified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suavifying.] Etym: [Suave + -fy.]

Defn: To make affable or suave.

SUAVILOQUENT Sua*vil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. suaviloquens; suavis sweet + loquens, p.pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Sweetly speaking; using agreeable speech. [R.]

SUAVILOQUY
Sua*vil"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. suaviloquium.]

Defn: Sweetness of speech. [R.]

SUAVITY
Suav"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. suavitas: cf. F. suavité.]

1. Sweetness to the taste. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness; softness; pleasantness; gentleness; urbanity; as, suavity of manners; suavity of language, conversation, or address. Glanvill.

SUB- Sub-. Etym: [L. sub under, below; akin to Gr. upa to, on, under, over. Cf. Hypo-, Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying under, below, beneath, and hence often, in an inferior position or degree, in an imperfect or partial state, as in subscribe, substruct, subserve, subject, subordinate, subacid, subastringent, subgranular, suborn. Sub- in Latin compounds often becomes sum- before m, sur before r, and regularly becomes suc-, suf- , sug-, and sup- before c, f, g, and p respectively. Before c, p, and t it sometimes takes form sus- (by the dropping of b from a collateral form, subs-).

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that the ingredient (of a compound) signified by the term to which it is prefixed,is present in only a small proportion, or less than the normal amount; as, subsulphide, suboxide, etc. Prefixed to the name of a salt it is equivalent to basic; as, subacetate or basic acetate. [Obsoles.]

SUB
Sub, n.

Defn: A subordinate; a subaltern. [Colloq.]

SUBACETATE
Sub*ac"e*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An acetate containing an excess of the basic constituent.

SUBACID
Sub*ac"id, a. Etym: [L. subacidus. See Sub-, Acid.]

Defn: Moderately acid or sour; as, some plants have subacid juices.
— n.

Defn: A substance moderately acid.

SUBACRID
Sub*ac"rid, a.

Defn: Moderalely acrid or harsh.

SUBACROMIAL
Sub`a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the acromial process of the scapula.

SUBACT Sub*act", v. t. Etym: [L. subactus, p.p. of subigere to subdue; sub under + agere to lead, bring.]

Defn: To reduce; to subdue. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBACTION
Sub*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subactio a working up, discipline.]

Defn: The act of reducing to any state, as of mixing two bodies combletely. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBACUTE
Sub`a*cute", a.

Defn: Moderalely acute.

SUBADUNCATE
Sub`a*dun"cate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat hooked or curved.

SUBADVOCATE
Sub*ad"vo*cate, n.

Defn: An under or subordinate advocate.

SUBAERIAL
Sub`a*ë"ri*al, a.

Defn: Beneath the sky; in the open air; specifically (Geol.), taking place on the earth's surface, as opposed to subaqueous.

SUBAGENCY
Sub*a"gen*cy, n.

Defn: A subordinate agency.

SUBAGENT
Sub*a"gent, n. (Law)

Defn: A person employed by an agent to transact the whole, or a part, of the business intrusted to the latter. Bouvier. Chitty.

SUBAGITATION Sub*ag`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subagitatio, fr. subagitare to lie with illicity.]

Defn: Unlawful sexual intercourse. [Obs.]

SUBAH
Su"bah, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s.]

Defn: A province; a government, as of a viceroy; also, a subahdar.
[India]

SUBAHDAR Su"bah*dar, n. Etym: [Per. & Hinf. s, Per. s a province + dar holding, keeping.]

Defn: A viceroy; a governor of a subah; also, a native captain in the
British native army. [India]

SUBAHDARY; SUBAHSHIP
Su"bah*dar`y, Su"bah*ship, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of a subahdar.

SUBAID
Sub*aid", v. t.

Defn: To aid secretly; to assist in a private manner, or indirectly.
[R.] Daniel.

SUBALMONER
Sub*al"mon*er, n.

Defn: An under almoner.

SUBALPINE
Sub*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. subalpinus.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Inhabiting the somewhat high slopes and summits of mountains, but considerably below the snow line.

SUBALTERN Sub*al"tern, a. Etym: [F. subalterne, LL. subalternus, fr. L. sub under + alter the one, the other of two. See Alter.]

1. Ranked or ranged below; subordinate; inferior; specifically (Mil.), ranking as a junior officer; being below the rank of captain; as, a subaltern officer.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition. Subaltern genus. (Logic) See under Genus.

SUBALTERN
Sub*al"tern, n.

1. A person holding a subordinate position; specifically, a commissioned military officer below the rank of captain.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A subaltern proposition. Whately.

SUBALTERNANT
Sub`al*ter"nant, n. (Logic)

Defn: A universal proposition. See Subaltern, 2. Whately.

SUBALTERNATE
Sub`al*ter"nate, a.

1. Succeeding by turns; successive.

2. Subordinate; subaltern; inferior. All their subalternate and several kinds. Evelyn.

SUBALTERNATE
Sub`al*ter"nate, n. (Logic)

Defn: A particular proposition, as opposed to a universal one. See
Subaltern, 2.

SUBALTERNATING
Sub*al"ter*na`ting, a.

Defn: Subalternate; successive.

SUBALTERNATION
Sub*al"ter*na`tion, n.

Defn: The state of being subalternate; succession of turns; subordination.

SUBANGULAR
Sub*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Slightly angular.

SUBAPENNINE
Sub*ap"en*nine, a.

Defn: Under, or at the foot of, the Apennine mountains; — applied, in geology, to a series of Tertiary strata of the older Pliocene period.

SUBAPICAL
Sub*ap"ic*al, a.

Defn: Being under the apex; of or pertaining to the part just below the apex.

SUBAQUANEOUS
Sub`a*qua"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subaquaneus; sub + aqua water.]

Defn: Subaqueous. [Obs.]

SUBAQUATIC; SUBAQUEOUS
Sub`a*quat"ic, Sub*a"que*ous, a.

1. Being under water, or beneath the surface of water; adapted for use under water; submarine; as, a subaqueous helmet.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed in or under water; as, subaqueous deposits.

SUBARACHNOID; SUBARACHNOIDAL
Sub`a*rach"noid, Sub*ar`ach*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the arachnoid membrane.

SUBARCTIC
Sub*arc"tic, a.

Defn: Approximately arctic; belonging to a region just without the arctic circle.

SUBARCUATE; SUBARCUATED
Sub*ar"cu*ate, Sub*ar"cu*a`ted, a.

Defn: Having a figure resembling that of a bow; somewhat curved or arched.

SUBARRATION
Sub`ar*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. arra, arrha, earnest money.
See Earnest a pledge.]

Defn: The ancient custom of betrothing by the bestowal, on the part of the man, of marriage gifts or tokens, as money, rings, or other presents, upon the woman.

SUBARYTENOID
Sub`a*ryt"e*noid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx.

SUBASTRAL
Sub*as"tral, a.

Defn: Beneath the stars or heavens; terrestrial. Bp. Warburton.

SUBASTRINGENT
Sub`as*trin"gent, a.

Defn: Somewhat astringent.

SUBATOM
Sub*at"om, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical component of a chemical atom, on the theory that the elements themselves are complex substances; — called also atomicule.

SUBAUD Sub*aud", v. t. Etym: [L. subaudire, subauditum; sub under + audire to hear.]

Defn: To understand or supply in an ellipsis. [R.]

SUBAUDITION
Sub`au*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. subauditio.]

Defn: The act of understanding, or supplying, something not expressed; also, that which is so understood or supplied. Trench.

SUBAXILLARY
Sub*ax"il*la*ry, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the axilla, or armpit.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Placed under the axil, or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the stem, or a leaf with the branch.

SUBBASAL
Sub*ba"sal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Near the base.

SUB-BASE
Sub"-base`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The lowest member of a base when divided horizontally, or of a baseboard, pedestal, or the like.

SUB-BASS
Sub"-bass`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The deepest pedal stop, or the lowest tones of an organ; the fundamental or ground bass. [Written also sub-base.] Ayliffe.

SUBBEADLE
Sub*bea"dle, n.

Defn: An under beadle.

SUBBRACHIAL
Sub*brach"i*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the subbrachians.

SUBBRACHIALES
Sub*brach`i*a"les, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Brachial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of soft-finned fishes in which the ventral fins are situated beneath the pectorial fins, or nearly so.

SUBBRACHIAN
Sub*brach"i*an, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + brachium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Subbrachiales.

SUBBREED
Sub"breed`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A race or strain differing in certain characters from the parent breed; an incipient breed.

SUBBRONCHIAL
Sub*bron"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the bronchi; as, the subbronchial air sacs of birds.

SUBCALIBER
Sub*cal"i*ber, a.

Defn: Smaller than the caliber of a firearm. [Written also subcalibre.] Subcaliber projectile, a projectile having a smaller diameter than the caliber of the arm from which it is fired, and to which it is fitted by means of a sabot. Knight.

SUBCARBONATE
Sub*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A carbonate containing an excess of the basic constituent.

SUBCARBONIFEROUS
Sub*car`bon*if"er*ous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the lowest division of the Carboniferous formations underlying the proper coal measures. It was a marine formation characterized in general by beds of limestone. — n.

Defn: The Subcarboniferous period or formation.

SUBCARBURETED
Sub*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: United with, or containing, carbon in less than the normal proportion. [Written also subcarburetted.] [Obsoles.]

SUBCARTILAGINOUS Sub*car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under or beneath a cartilage or cartilages. (b) Partially cartilaginous.

SUBCAUDAL
Sub*cau"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the tail; as, the subcaudal, or chevron, bones.

SUBCELESTIAL
Sub`ce*les"tial, a.

Defn: Being beneath the heavens; as, subcelestial glories. Barrow.

SUBCELLAR
Sub*cel"lar, n.

Defn: A cellar beneath another story wholly or partly underground; usually, a cellar under a cellar.

SUBCENTRAL
Sub*cen"tral, a.

1. Under the center.

2. Nearly central; not quite central.

SUBCHANTER
Sub*chant"er, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: An underchanter; a precentor's deputy in a cathedral; a succentor.

SUBCIRCULAR
Sub*cir"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly circular.

SUBCLASS
Sub"class`, n.

Defn: One of the natural groups, more important than an order, into which some classes are divided; as, the angiospermous subclass of exogens.

SUBCLAVIAN
Sub*cla"vi*an, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. clavis a key. See Clavicle.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the clavicle, or collar bone; as, the subclavian arteries.

SUBCOLUMNAR
Sub`co*lum"nar, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Having an imperfect or interrupted columnar structure.

SUBCOMMITTEE
Sub`com*mit"tee, n.

Defn: An under committee; a part or division of a committee. Yet by their sequestrators and subcommittees abroad . . . those orders were commonly disobeyed. Milton.

SUBCOMPRESSED
Sub`com*pressed", a.

Defn: Not fully compressed; partially or somewhat compressed.

SUBCONCAVE
Sub*con"cave, a.

Defn: Slightly concave. Owen.

SUBCONFORMABLE
Sub`con*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Partially conformable.

SUBCONICAL
Sub*con"ic*al, a.

Defn: Slightly conical.

SUBCONJUNCTIVAL
Sub*con`junc*ti"val, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the conjunctiva.

SUBCONSCIOUS
Sub*con"scious, a.

1. Occurring without the possibility or the fact of an attendant consciousness; — said of states of the soul.

2. Partially conscious; feebly conscious.

SUBCONSCIOUSNESS
Sub*con"scious*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being subconscious; a state of mind in which perception and other mental processes occur without distinct consciousness.

SUBCONSTELLATION
Sub*con`stel*la"tion, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A subordinate constellation. Sir T. Browne.

SUBCONTRACT
Sub*con"tract, n.

Defn: A contract under, or subordinate to, a previous contract.

SUBCONTRACTED
Sub`con*tract"ed, a.

1. Contracted after a former contract.

2. Betrothed for the second time. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBCONTRACTOR
Sub`con*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who takes a portion of a contract, as for work, from the principal contractor.

SUBCONTRARY
Sub*con"tra*ry, a.

1. Contrary in an inferior degree.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Having, or being in, a contrary order; — said of a section of an oblique cone having a circular base made by a plane not parallel to the base, but so inclined to the axis that the section is a circle; applied also to two similar triangles when so placed as to have a common angle at the vertex, the opposite sides not being parallel. Brande & C.

3. (Logic)

Defn: Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and only one can be false.

SUBCONTRARY
Sub*con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Subcontraries (. (Logic)

Defn: A subcontrary proposition; a proposition inferior or contrary in a lower degree.

SUBCORACOID
Sub*cor"a*coid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the coracoid process of the scapula; as, the subcoracoid dislocation of the humerus.

SUBCORDATE
Sub*cor"date, a.

Defn: Somewhat cordate; somewhat like a heart in shape.

SUBCORNEOUS Sub*cor"ne*ous, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under a horny part or layer. (b) Partially horny.

SUBCOSTAL
Sub*cos"tal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated below the costas, or ribs; as, the subcostal muscles.

Note: The subcostal muscles are distinct from, and within, the intercostal.

SUBCOSTAL
Sub*cos"tal, n.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A subcostal muscle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the principal nervures of the wings of an insect. It is situated next beneath or behind the costal. See Nervure.

SUBCRANIAL
Sub*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the cranium; facial.

SUBCRUSTACEOUS
Sub`crus*ta"ceous, a.

Defn: Occurring beneath a crust or scab; as, a subcrustaceous cicatrization.

SUBCRYSTALLINE
Sub*crys"tal*line, a.

Defn: Imperfectly crystallized.

SUBCULTRATE; SUBCULTRATED
Sub*cul"trate, Sub*cul"tra*ted, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a form resembling that of a colter, or straight on one side and curved on the other.

SUBCUTANEOUS
Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Situated under the skin; hypodermic. — Sub`cu*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv. Subcutaneous operation (Surg.), an operation performed without opening that part of the skin opposite to, or over, the internal section.

SUBCUTICULAR
Sub`cu*tic"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the cuticle, or scarfskin.

SUBCYLINDRICAL; SUBCYLINDRIC
Sub`cy*lin"dric*al, Sub`cy*lin"dric, a.

Defn: Imperfectly cylindrical; approximately cylindrical.

SUBDEACON
Sub*dea"con, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + deacon: cf. L. subdiaconus.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: One belonging to an order in the Roman Catholic Church, next interior to the order of deacons; also, a member of a minor order in the Greek Church.

SUBDEACONRY; SUBDEACONSHIP
Sub*dea"con*ry, Sub*dea"con*ship, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The order or office of subdeacon.

SUBDEAN
Sub"dean`, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + dean: cf. F. sousdoyen.]

Defn: An under dean; the deputy or substitute of a dean. Ayliffe.

SUBDEANERY
Sub*dean"er*y, n.

Defn: Office or rank of subdean.

SUBDECANAL
Sub*dec"a*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdean or subdeanery.

SUBDECUPLE
Sub*dec"u*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of ten.

SUBDELEGATE
Sub*del"e*gate, n.

Defn: A subordinate delegate, or one with inferior powers.

SUBDELEGATE
Sub*del"e*gate, v. t.

Defn: To appoint to act as subdelegate, or as a subordinate; to depete.

SUBDENTED
Sub*dent"ed, a.

Defn: Indented beneath.

SUBDEPARTMENT
Sub`de*part"ment, n.

Defn: A subordinate department; a bureau. See the Note under Bureau.

SUBDEPOSIT
Sub`de*pos"it, n.

Defn: That which is deposited beneath something else.

SUBDERISORIOUS
Sub`der*i*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. derisorius. See
Derisory.]

Defn: Ridiculing with moderation. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SUBDERIVATIVE
Sub`de*riv"a*tive, n.

Defn: A word derived from a derivative, and not directly from the root; as, "friendliness" is a subderivative, being derived from "friendly", which is in turn a derivative from "friend."

SUBDIACONATE
Sub`di*ac"o*nate, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subdeacon, or to the office or rank of a subdeacon.

SUBDIACONATE
Sub`di*ac"o*nate, n.

Defn: The office or rank of a subdeacon.

SUBDIAL
Sub*di"al, a. Etym: [L. subdialis in the open air.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the open air; being under the open sky.
[R.] N. Bacon.

SUBDIALECT
Sub*di"a*lect, n.

Defn: A subordinate dialect.

SUBDICHOTOMY
Sub`di*chot"o*my, n.

Defn: A subordinate, or inferior, division into parts; a subdivision.
[R.]
Many subdichatomies of petty schisms. Milton.

SUBDILATED
Sub`di*lat"ed, a.

Defn: Partially dilated.

SUBDITITIOUS Sub`di*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subdititius, subditicius, fr. subdere to substitute.]

Defn: Put secretly in the place of something else; foisted in. [R.]

SUBDIVERSIFY
Sub`di*ver"si*fy, v. t.

Defn: To diversify aggain what is already diversified. [R.] Sir M.
Hale.

SUBDIVIDE
Sub`di*vide", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdivided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subdividing.] Etym: [L. subdividere, sub under + dividere to divide.
See Divide.]

Defn: To divide the parts of (anything) into more parts; to part into smaller divisions; to divide again, as what has already been divided. The progenies of Cham and Japhet swarmed into colonies, and those colonies were subdivided into many others. Dryden.

SUBDIVIDE
Sub`di*vide", v. i.

Defn: To be, or to become, subdivided.

SUBDIVINE
Sub`di*vine", a.

Defn: Partaking of divinity; divine in a partial or lower degree. Bp.
Hall.

SUBDIVISIBLE
Sub`di*vis"i*ble, a.

Defn: Susceptible of subdivision.

SUBDIVISION
Sub`di*vi"sion, n. Etym: [L. subdivisio: cf. F. subdivision.]

1. The act of subdividing, or separating a part into smaller parts.

2. A part of a thing made by subdividing. In the decimal table, the subdivision of the cubit, as span, palm, and digit, are deduced from the shorter cubit. Arbuthnot.

SUBDOLOUS
Sub"do*lous, a. Etym: [L. subdolus, sub + dolus deceit.]

Defn: Sly; crafty; cunning; artful. [R.]

SUBDOMINANT
Sub*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; — so called as being under the dominant.

SUBDUABLE
Sub*du"a*ble, a.

Defn: Able to be subdued.

SUBDUAL
Sub*du"al, n.

Defn: Act of subduing. Bp. Warburton.

SUBDUCE; SUBDUCT Sub*duce", Sub*duct", v. t. Etym: [L. subducere, subductum; sub under + ducere to lead, to draw. See Duke, and cf. Subdue.]

1. To withdraw; to take away. Milton.

2. To subtract by arithmetical operation; to deduct. If, out of that infinite multitude of antecedent generations, we should subduce ten. Sir M. Hale.

SUBDUCTION
Sub*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. subductio.]

1. The act of subducting or taking away. Bp. Hall.

2. Arithmetical subtraction. Sir M. Hale.

SUBDUE
Sub*due", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subdued; p. pr. & vb. n. Subduing.]
Etym: [OE. soduen, OF. sosduire to seduce, L. subtus below (fr. sub
under) + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Subduct.]

1. To bring under; to conquer by force or the exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent subjection; to reduce under dominion; to vanquish. I will subdue all thine enemies. 1 Chron. xvii. 10.

2. To overpower so as to disable from further resistance; to crush.
Nothing could have subdued nature To such a lowness, but his unkind
daughters. Shak.
If aught . . . were worthy to subdue The soul of man. Milton.

3. To destroy the force of; to overcome; as, medicines subdue a fever.

4. To render submissive; to bring under command; to reduce to mildness or obedience; to tame; as, to subdue a stubborn child; to subdue the temper or passions.

5. To overcome, as by persuasion or other mild means; as, to subdue opposition by argument or entreaties.

6. To reduce to tenderness; to melt; to soften; as, to subdue ferocity by tears.

7. To make mellow; to break, as land; also, to destroy, as weeds.

8. To reduce the intensity or degree of; to tone down; to soften; as, to subdue the brilliancy of colors.

Syn.
— To conquer; overpower; overcome; surmount; vanquish. See Conquer.

SUBDUED
Sub*dued", a.

1. Conquered; overpowered; crushed; submissive; mild.

2. Not glaring in color; soft in tone.

SUBDUEMENT
Sub*due"ment, n.

Defn: Subdual. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBDUER
Sub*du"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, subdues; a conqueror. Spenser.

SUBDULCID
Sub*dul"cid, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. dulcis sweet.]

Defn: Somewhat sweet; sweetish. [R.]

SUBDUPLE
Sub"du*ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two. Subduple ratio, the ratio of 1 to 2: thus, 3:6 is a subduple ratio, as 6:3 is a duple ratio.

SUBDUPLICATE
Sub*du"pli*cate, a. (Math.)

Defn: Expressed by the square root; — said of ratios. Subduplicate ratio, the ratio of the square roots, or the square root of a ratio; thus, the subduplicate ratio of a to b is *a to *b, or *a/b.

SUBDURAL
Sub*du"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the dura mater, or between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane.

SUBEDITOR
Sub*ed"i*tor, n.

Defn: An assistant editor, as of a periodical or journal.

SUBELONGATE
Sub`e*lon"gate, a.

Defn: Not fully elongated; somewhat elongated.

SUBENDOCARDIAL
Sub*en`do*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the endocardium.

SUBENDYMAL
Sub*en"dy*mal, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + endyma.]

Defn: Situated under the endyma.

SUBEPIDERMAL
Sub*ep`i*der"mal, a.

Defn: Situated immediately below the epidermis.

SUBEPIGLOTTIC
Sub*ep`i*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the epiglottis.

SUBEPITHELIAL
Sub*ep`i*the"li*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the epithelium.

SUBEQUAL
Sub*e"qual, a.

Defn: Nearly equal.

SUBERATE
Su"ber*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subérate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of suberic acid.

SUBEREOUS
Su*be"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. subereus of the cork tree.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; of the nature of cork; suberose.

SUBERIC
Su*ber"ic, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreque.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to cork; specifically, designating an acid, C

SUBERIN
Su"ber*in, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subérine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A material found in the cell walls of cork. It is a modification of lignin.

SUBERITE
Su"ber*ite, n. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any sponge of the genus Suberites and allied genera. These sponges have a fine and compact texture, and contain minute siliceous spicules.

SUBERIZATION
Su`ber*i*za"tion, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Conversion of the cell walls into cork tissue by development of suberin; — commonly taking place in exposed tissues, as when a callus forms over a wound. Suberized cell walls are impervious to water.

SUBERIZE Su"ber*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. -izing.] [L. suber cork.] (Bot.)

Defn: To effect suberization of.

SUBERONE Su"ber*one, n. (Chem.) (a) The hypothetical ketone of suberic acid. (b) A colorless liquid, analogous suberone proper, having a pleasant peppermint odor. It is obtained by the distillation of calcium suberate.

SUBEROSE; SUBEROUS Su"ber*ose`, Su"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. suber the cork tree: cf. F. subéreux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having a corky texture.

SUBESOPHAGEAL
Sub*e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated beneath the esophagus. [Written also suboesophageal.] Subesophageal ganglion (Zoöl.), a large special ganglion situated beneath the esophagus of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

SUBFAMILY
Sub*fam"i*ly, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions, of more importance than genus, into which certain families are divided.

SUBFIBROUS
Sub*fi"brous, a.

Defn: Somewhat fibrous.

SUBFUSCOUS
Sub*fus"cous, a. Etym: [L. subfuscus, suffuscus. See Sub-, and
Fuscous.]

Defn: Duskish; moderately dark; brownish; tawny.

SUBFUSK
Sub*fusk", a.

Defn: Subfuscous. [Obs.] Tatler.

SUBGELATINOUS
Sub`ge*lat"i*nous, a.

Defn: Imperfectly or partially gelatinous.

SUBGENERIC
Sub`ge*ner"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subgenus.

SUBGENUS
Sub*ge"nus, n.; pl. Subgenera (. (Biol.)

Defn: A subdivision of a genus, comprising one or more species which differ from other species of the genus in some important character or characters; as, the azaleas now constitute a subgenus of Rhododendron.

SUBGLACIAL
Sub*gla"cial, a.

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the under side of a glacier; being beneath a glacier; as, subglacial streams.

SUBGLOBOSE
Sub`glo*bose", a.

Defn: Not quite globose.

SUBGLOBULAR
Sub*glob"u*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly globular.

SUBGLOSSAL
Sub*glos"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the tongue; sublingual.

SUBGLOTTIC
Sub*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below the glottis; — applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx below the true vocal cords.

SUBGLUMACEOUS
Sub`glu*ma"ceous, a.

Defn: Somewhat glumaceous.

SUBGOVERNOR
Sub*gov"ern*or, n.

Defn: A subordinate or assistant governor.

SUBGRANULAR
Sub*gran"u*lar, a.

Defn: Somewhat granular.

SUBGROUP
Sub"group`, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A subdivision of a group, as of animals. Darwin.

SUBHASTATION
Sub`has*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subhastatio.]

Defn: A public sale or auction. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

SUBHEPATIC
Sub`he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the liver; — applied to the interlobular branches of the portal vein.

SUBHORNBLENDIC
Sub`horn*blend"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Containing hornblende in a scattered state; of or relating to rocks containing disseminated hornblende.

SUBHUMERATE
Sub*hu"mer*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Sub-, Humerus.]

Defn: To place the shoulders under; to bear. [Obs.] Nothing surer ties a friend than freely to subhumerate the burden which was his. Feltham.

SUBHYALOID
Sub*hy"a*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the hyaliod membrane.

SUBHYOIDEAN
Sub`hy*oid"e*an, a. (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Situated or performed beneath the hyoid bone; as, subhyoidean laryngotomy.

SUBIMAGO
Sub`i*ma"go, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Imago.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stage in the development of certain insects, such as the May flies, intermediate between the pupa and imago. In this stage, the insect is able to fly, but subsequently sheds a skin before becoming mature. Called also pseudimago.

SUBINCUSATION Sub*in`cu*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. incusatio accusation, fr. incusare to accuse.]

Defn: A slight charge or accusation. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUBINDEX
Sub*in"dex, n.; pl. Subindices (. (Math.)

Defn: A number or mark placed opposite the lower part of a letter or symbol to distinguish the symbol; thus, a0, b1, c2, xn, have 0, 1, 2, and n as subindices.

SUBINDICATE Sub*in"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub + indicate: cf. L. subindicare.]

Defn: To indicate by signs or hints; to indicate imperfectly. [R.]
Dr. H. More.

SUBINDICATION
Sub*in`di*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of indicating by signs; a slight indication. [R.] "The subindication and shadowing of heavenly things." Barrow.

SUBINDIVIDUAL
Sub*in`di*vid"u*al, n.

Defn: A division of that which is individual.
An individual can not branch itself into subindividuals. Milton.

SUBINDUCE
Sub`in*duce", v. t.

Defn: To insinuate; to offer indirectly. [Obs.] Sir E. Dering.

SUBINFER
Sub`in*fer", v. t. & i.

Defn: To infer from an inference already made. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SUBINFEUDATION Sub*in`feu*da"tion, n. (Law) (a) The granting of lands by inferior lords to their dependents, to be held by themselves by feudal tenure. Craig. (b) Subordinate tenancy; undertenancy. The widow is immediate tenant to the heir, by a kind of subinfeudation, or undertenancy. Blackstone.

SUBINGRESSION
Sub`in*gres"sion, n.

Defn: Secret entrance. [R.] Boyle.

SUBINTESTINAL
Sub`in*tes"ti*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the intestine.

SUBINVOLUTION
Sub*in`vo*lu"tion, n.

Defn: Partial or incomplete involution; as, subinvolution of the uterus.

SUBITANEOUS
Sub`i*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subitaneus. See Sudden.]

Defn: Sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Bullokar.
— Sub`i*ta"ne*ous*ness, n. [Obs.]

SUBITANY
Sub"i*ta*ny, a.

Defn: Subitaneous; sudden; hasty. [Obs.] Hales.

SUBITO
Su"bi*to, adv. Etym: [It. & L.] (Mus.)

Defn: In haste; quickly; rapidly.

SUBJACENT Sub*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. subjacens, p.pr. of subjacere to lie under; sub under + jacere to lie.]

1. Lying under or below.

2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly beneath; as, hills and subjacent valleys.

SUBJECT Sub*ject", a. Etym: [OE. suget, OF. souzget, sougit (in which the first part is L. subtus below, fr. sub under), subgiet, subject, F. sujet, from L. subjectus lying under, subjected, p.p. of subjicere, subicere, to throw, lay, place, or bring under; sub under + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Placed or situated under; lying below, or in a lower situation. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Placed under the power of another; specifically (International
Law), owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state; as,
Jamaica is subject to Great Britain.
Esau was never subject to Jacob. Locke.

3. Exposed; liable; prone; disposed; as, a country subject to extreme heat; men subject to temptation. All human things are subject to decay. Dryden.

4. Obedient; submissive. Put them in mind to be subject to principalities. Titus iii. 1.

Syn.
— Liable; subordinate; inferior; obnoxious; exposed. See Liable.

SUBJECT Sub*ject", n. Etym: [From L. subjectus, through an old form of F. sujet. See Subject, a.]

1. That which is placed under the authority, dominion, control, or influence of something else.

2. Specifically: One who is under the authority of a ruler and is governed by his laws; one who owes allegiance to a sovereign or a sovereign state; as, a subject of Queen Victoria; a British subject; a subject of the United States. Was never subject longed to be a king, As I do long and wish to be a subject. Shak. The subject must obey his prince, because God commands it, human laws require it. Swift.

Note: In international law, the term subject is convertible with citizen.

3. That which is subjected, or submitted to, any physical operation or process; specifically (Anat.), a dead body used for the purpose of dissection.

4. That which is brought under thought or examination; that which is taken up for discussion, or concerning which anything is said or done. "This subject for heroic song." Milton. Make choice of a subject, beautiful and noble, which . . . shall afford an ample field of matter wherein to expatiate. Dryden. The unhappy subject of these quarrels. Shak.

5. The person who is treated of; the hero of a piece; the chief character. Writers of particular lives . . . are apt to be prejudiced in favor of their subject. C. Middleton.

6. (Logic & Gram.)

Defn: That of which anything is affirmed or predicated; the theme of a proposition or discourse; that which is spoken of; as, the nominative case is the subject of the verb. The subject of a proposition is that concerning which anything is affirmed or denied. I. Watts.

7. That in which any quality, attribute, or relation, whether spiritual or material, inheres, or to which any of these appertain; substance; substratum. That which manifests its qualities — in other words, that in which the appearing causes inhere, that to which they belong — is called their subject or substance, or substratum. Sir W. Hamilton.

8. Hence, that substance or being which is conscious of its own operations; the mind; the thinking agent or principal; the ego. Cf. Object, n., 2. The philosophers of mind have, in a manner, usurped and appropriated this expression to themselves. Accordingly, in their hands, the phrases conscious or thinking subject, and subject, mean precisely the same thing. Sir W. Hamilton.

9. (Mus.)

Defn: The principal theme, or leading thought or phrase, on which a composition or a movement is based. The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song. Rockstro.

10. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The incident, scene, figure, group, etc., which it is the aim of the artist to represent.

SUBJECT
Sub*ject", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subjecting.]

1. To bring under control, power, or dominion; to make subject; to subordinate; to subdue. Firmness of mind that subjects every gratification of sense to the rule of right reason. C. Middleton. In one short view subjected to our eye, Gods, emperors, heroes, sages, beauties, lie. Pope. He is the most subjected, the most Locke.

2. To expose; to make obnoxious or liable; as, credulity subjects a person to impositions.

3. To submit; to make accountable. God is not bound to subject his ways of operation to the scrutiny of our thoughts. Locke.

4. To make subservient. Subjected to his service angel wings. Milton.

5. To cause to undergo; as, to subject a substance to a white heat; to subject a person to a rigid test.

SUBJECTED
Sub*ject"ed, a.

1. Subjacent. "Led them direct . . . to the subjected plain." [Obs.] Milton.

2. Reduced to subjection; brought under the dominion of another.

3. Exposed; liable; subject; obnoxious.

SUBJECTION Sub*jec"tion, n. Etym: [L. subjectio: cf. OF. subjection, F. subjétion. See Subject, a.]

1. The act of subjecting, or of bringing under the dominion of another; the act of subduing. The conquest of the kingdom, and subjection of the rebels. Sir M. Hale.

2. The state of being subject, or under the power, control, and government of another; a state of obedience or submissiveness; as, the safety of life, liberty, and property depends on our subjection to the laws. "To be bound under subjection." Chaucer. Likewise, ye wives, be in subjection to your own husbands. 1 Peter iii. 1. Because the subjection of the body to the will is by natural necessity, the subjection of the will unto God voluntary, we stand in need of direction after what sort our wills and desires may be rightly conformed to His. Hooker.

SUBJECTIST
Sub"ject*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.

SUBJECTIVE
Sub*jec"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjectivus: cf. F. subjectif.]

1. Of or pertaining to a subject.

2. Especially, pertaining to, or derived from, one's own consciousness, in distinction from external observation; ralating to the mind, or intellectual world, in distinction from the outward or material excessively occupied with, or brooding over, one's own internal states.

Note: In the philosophy of the mind, subjective denotes what is to be referred to the thinking subject, the ego; objective, what belongs to the object of thought, the non-ego. See Objective, a., 2. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. (Lit. & Art)

Defn: Modified by, or making prominent, the individuality of a writer or an artist; as, a subjective drama or painting; a subjective writer.

Syn. — See Objective. Subjective sensation (Physiol.), one of the sensations occurring when stimuli due to internal causes excite the nervous apparatus of the sense organs, as when a person imagines he sees figures which have no objective reality. — Sub*jec"tive*ly, adv. — Sub*jec"tive*ness, n.

SUBJECTIVISM
Sub*jec"tiv*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: Any philosophical doctrine which refers all knowledge to, and founds it upon, any subjective states; egoism.

SUBJECTIVIST
Sub*jec"tiv*ist, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: One who holds to subjectivism; an egoist.

SUBJECTIVITY
Sub`jec*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subjective; character of the subject.

SUBJECTLESS
Sub"ject*less, a.

Defn: Having no subject.

SUBJECT-MATTER
Sub"ject-mat`ter, n.

Defn: The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study. As to the subject-matter, words are always to be understood as having a regard thereto. Blackstone. As science makes progress in any subject-matter, poetry recedes from it. J. H. Newman.

SUBJECTNESS
Sub"ject*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being subject. [R.]

SUBJICIBLE
Sub*jic"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subjected. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

SUBJOIN
Sub*join", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjoined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subjoining.] Etym: [Cf. OF. subjoindre, L. subjungere. See Sub-, and
Join, and cf. Subjective.]

Defn: To add after something else has been said or written; to ANNEX; as, to subjoin an argument or reason.

Syn.
— To add; annex; join; unite.

SUBJOINDER
Sub*join"der, n.

Defn: An additional remark. [R.]

SUB JUDICE
Sub ju"di*ce. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Before the judge, or court; not yet decided; under judicial consideration.

SUBJUGATE
Sub"ju*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subjugated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subjugating.] Etym: [L. subjugatus, p.p. of subjugare to subjugate;
sub under + jugum a yoke. See Yoke.]

Defn: To subdue, and bring under the yoke of power or dominion; to conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government or absolute control of another; to vanquish. He subjugated a king, and called him his "vassal." Baker.

Syn.
— To conquer; subdue; overcome. See Conquer.

SUBJUGATION
Sub`ju*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subjugation, LL. subjugatio.]

Defn: The act of subjugating, or the state of being subjugated.

SUBJUGATOR
Sub"ju*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who subjugates; a conqueror.

SUBJUNCTION
Sub*junc"tion, n. Etym: [See Subjunctive.]

1. Act of subjoining, or state of being subjoined.

2. Something subjoined; as, a subjunction to a sentence.

SUBJUNCTIVE Sub*junc"tive, a. Etym: [L. subjunctivus, fr. subjungere, subjunctum, to subjoin: cf. F. subjonctif. See Subjoin.]

Defn: Subjoined or added to something before said or written. Subjunctive mood (Gram.), that form of a verb which express the action or state not as a fact, but only as a conception of the mind still contingent and dependent. It is commonly subjoined, or added as subordinate, to some other verb, and in English is often connected with it by if, that, though, lest, unless, except, until, etc., as in the following sentence: "If there were no honey, they [bees] would have no object in visiting the flower." Lubbock. In some languages, as in Latin and Greek, the subjunctive is often independent of any other verb, being used in wishes, commands, exhortations, etc.

SUBJUNCTIVE
Sub*junc"tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The subjunctive mood; also, a verb in the subjunctive mood.

SUBKINGDOM
Sub*king"dom, n.

Defn: One of the several primary divisions of either the animal, or vegetable kingdom, as, in zoölogy, the Vertebrata, Tunicata, Mollusca, Articulata, Molluscoidea, Echinodermata, Coelentera, and the Protozoa; in botany, the Phanerogamia, and the Cryptogamia.

SUBLAPSARIAN Sub`lap*sa"ri*an, n. & a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lapse: cf. F. sublapsarien, sublapsarie.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Same as Infralapsarian.

SUBLAPSARIANISM
Sub`lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: Infralapsarianism.

SUBLAPSARY
Sub*lap"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Sublapsarian. Johnson.

SUBLATE Sub"late, v. t. Etym: [From sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away. See Tolerate.]

Defn: To take or carry away; to remove. [R.] E. Hall.

SUBLATION Sub*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublatio, fr. sublatus, used as p.p. of tollere to take away.]

Defn: The act of taking or carrying away; removal. [R.] Bp. Hall.

SUBLATIVE
Sub"la*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or tending, to take away. [R.] Harris.

SUBLEASE
Sub"lease`, n. (Law)

Defn: A lease by a tenant or lessee to another person; an underlease.
Bouvier.

SUBLESSEE
Sub`les*see", n.

Defn: A holder of a sublease.

SUBLET
Sub*let", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublet; p. pr. & vb. n. Subletting.]

Defn: To underlet; to lease, as when a lessee leases to another person.

SUBLEVATION Sub`le*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublevare to lift up; sub under + levare to lift, raise: cf. L. sublevatio an allevation.]

1. The act of raising on high; elevation. Sir T. More.

2. An uprising; an insurrection. [R.] Sir W. Temple.

SUBLIBRARIAN
Sub`li*bra"ri*an, n.

Defn: An under or assistant librarian.

SUBLIEUTENANT Sub`lieu*ten"ant, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + lieutenant: cf. F. sous- lieutenant.]

Defn: An inferior or second lieutenant; in the British service, a commissioned officer of the lowest rank.

SUBLIGATION Sub`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. subligatio, from subligare to bind below; sub under + ligare to bind.]

Defn: The act of binding underneath. [R.]

SUBLIMABLE
Sub*lim"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sublimable. See Sublime., v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being sublimed or sublimated.
— Sub*lim"a*ble*ness, n. Boyle.

SUBLIMATE
Sub"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sublimating.] Etym: [L. sublimatus, p.p. of sublimare to raise,
elevate, fr. sublimis high: cf. F. sublimer. See Sublime, a., and cf.
Surlime, v. t.]

1. To bring by heat into the state of vapor, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state; as, to sublimate sulphur or camphor.

2. To refine and exalt; to heighten; to elevate. The precepts of Christianity are . . . so apt to cleanse and sublimate the more gross and corrupt. Dr. H. More.

SUBLIMATE
Sub"li*mate, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A product obtained by sublimation; hence, also, a purified product so obtained. Corrosive sublimate. (Chem.) See under Corrosive.

SUBLIMATE
Sub"li*mate, a. Etym: [LL. sublimatus.]

Defn: Brought into a state of vapor by heat, and again condensed as a solid.

SUBLIMATED
Sub"li*ma`ted, a.

Defn: Refined by, or as by, sublimation; exalted; purified.
[Words] whose weight best suits a sublimated strain. Dryden.

SUBLIMATION
Sub"li*ma`tion, n. Etym: [LL. sublimatio: cf. F. sublimation.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of subliming, or the state or result of being sublimed.

2. The act of heightening or improving; exaltation; elevation; purification.

3. That which is sublimed; the product of a purifying process. Religion is the perfection, refinement, and sublimation of morality. South.

SUBLIMATORY
Sub"li*ma*to*ry, a.

Defn: Used for sublimation; as, sublimatory vessels. Boyle.

SUBLIMATORY
Sub"li*ma*to*ry, n.

Defn: A vessel used for sublimation.
Vials, crosslets, and sublimatories. Chaucer.

SUBLIME Sub*lime", a. [Compar. Sublimer; superl. Sublimest.] Etym: [L. sublimis; sub under + (perhaps) a word akin to limen lintel, sill, thus meaning, up to the lintel: cf. F. sublime. Cf. Eliminate.]

1. Lifted up; high in place; exalted aloft; uplifted; lofty. Sublime on these a tower of steel is reared. Dryden.

2. Distinguished by lofty or noble traits; eminent; — said of persons. "The sublime Julian leader." De Quincey.

3. Awakening or expressing the emotion of awe, adoration, veneration, heroic resolve, etc.; dignified; grand; solemn; stately; — said of an impressive object in nature, of an action, of a discourse, of a work of art, of a spectacle, etc.; as, sublime scenery; a sublime deed. Easy in words thy style, in sense sublime. Prior. Know how sublime a thing it is To suffer and be strong. Longfellow.

4. Elevated by joy; elate. [Poetic] Their hearts were jocund and sublime, Drunk with idolatry, drunk with wine. Milton.

5. Lofty of mien; haughty; proud. [Poetic] "Countenance sublime and insolent." Spenser. His fair, large front and eye sublime declared Absolute rule. Milton.

Syn.
— Exalted; lofty; noble; majestic. See Grand.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", n.

Defn: That which is sublime; — with the definite article; as: (a) A grand or lofty style in speaking or writing; a style that expresses lofty conceptions. The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence of words, or the harmonious and lively turn of the phrase. Addison.

(b) That which is grand in nature or art, as distinguished from the merely beautiful.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sublimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Subliming.]
Etym: [Cf. L. sublimare, F. sublimer to subject to sublimation. See
Sublime, a., and cf. Sublimate, v. t.]

1. To raise on high. [Archaic] A soul sublimed by an idea above the region of vanity and conceit. E. P. Whipple.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To subject to the process of sublimation; to heat, volatilize, and condense in crystals or powder; to distill off, and condense in solid form; hence, also, to purify.

3. To exalt; to heighten; to improve; to purify. The sun . . . Which not alone the southern wit sublimes, But ripens spirits in cold, northern climes. Pope.

4. To dignify; to ennoble. An ordinary gift can not sublime a person to a supernatural employment. Jer. Taylor.

SUBLIME
Sub*lime", v. i. (Chem.)

Defn: To pass off in vapor, with immediate condensation; specifically, to evaporate or volatilize from the solid state without apparent melting; — said of those substances, like arsenic, benzoic acid, etc., which do not exhibit a liquid form on heating, except under increased pressure.

SUBLIMED
Sub*limed", a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having been subjected to the process of sublimation; hence, also, purified. "Sublimed mercurie." Chaucer.

SUBLIMELY
Sub*lime"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sublime manner.

SUBLIMENESS
Sub*lime"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sublime; sublimity.

SUBLIMIFICATION Sub*lim`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublimis sublime + -ficare to make. See -ry.]

Defn: The act of making sublime, or state of being made sublime.

SUBLIMINAL
Sub*lim"i*nal, a. [Pref. sub-+ L. limen threshold.] (Philos.)

Defn: Existing in the mind, but below the surface or threshold of consciousness; that is, existing as feeling rather than as clear ideas.

SUBLIMITY Sub*lim"i*ty, n.; pl. Sublimities. Etym: [L. sublimitas: cf. F. sublimité.]

1. The quality or state of being sublime (in any sense of the adjective).

2. That which is sublime; as, the sublimities of nature.

Syn. — Grandeur; magnificence. — Sublimity, Grandeur. The mental state indicated by these two words is the same, namely, a mingled emotion of astonishment and awe. In speaking of the quality which produces this emotion, we call it grandeur when it springs from what is vast in space, power, etc.; we call it sublimity when it springs from what is elevated far above the ordinary incidents of humanity. An immense plain is grand. The heavens are not only grand, but sublime (as the predominating emotion), from their immense height. Exalted intellect, and especially exalted virtue under severe trials, give us the sense of moral sublimity, as in the case of our Savior in his prayer for his murderers. We do not speak of Satan, when standing by the fiery gulf, with his "unconquerable will and study of revenge," as a sublime object; but there is a melancholy grandeur thrown around him, as of an "archangel ruined."

SUBLINEATION
Sub*lin`e*a"tion, n.

Defn: A mark of a line or lines under a word in a sentence, or under another line; underlining.

SUBLINGUA
Sub*lin"gua, n.; pl. Sublinguæ. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process or fold below the tongue in some animals.

SUBLINGUAL Sub*lin"gual, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lingual: cf. F. sublingual.] (Anat.) (a) Situated under the tongue; as, the sublingual gland. (b) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland; as, sublingual salvia.

SUBLITION Sub*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. sublinere, sublitum, to smear, to lay on as a ground color.] (Paint.)

Defn: The act or process of laying the ground in a painting. [R.]

SUBLITTORAL
Sub*lit"to*ral, a.

Defn: Under the shore. Smart.

SUBLOBULAR
Sub*lob"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or at the bases of, the lobules of the liver.

SUBLUMBAR
Sub*lum"bar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lumbar region of the vertebral column.

SUBLUNAR; SUBLUNARY
Sub*lu"nar, Sub"lu*na*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + lunar, or lunary: cf.
F. sublunaire.]

Defn: Situated beneath the moon; hence, of or pertaining to this world; terrestrial; earthly. All things sublunary are subject to change. Dryden. All sublunary comforts imitate the changeableness, as well as feel the influence, of the planet they are under. South.

SUBLUNARY
Sub"lu*na*ry, n.

Defn: Any worldly thing. [Obs.]

SUBLUXATION
Sub`lux*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + luxation: cf. F. subluxation.]
(Surg.)

Defn: An incomplete or partial dislocation.

SUBMAMMARY
Sub*mam"ma*ry, a.

Defn: Situated under the mammæ; as, submammary inflammation.

SUBMARINE
Sub`ma*rine", a.

Defn: Being, acting, or growing, under water in the sea; as, submarine navigators; submarine plants. Submarine armor, a waterproof dress of strong material, having a helmet into which air for breathing is pumped through a tube leading from above the surface to enable a diver to remain under water. — Submarine cable. See Telegraph cable, under Telegraph. — Submarine mine. See Torpedo, 2 (a).

SUBMARINE
Sub*ma*rine", n.

Defn: A submarine plant or animal.

SUBMARSHAL
Sub*mar"shal, n.

Defn: An under or deputy marshal.

SUBMAXILLARY Sub*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated under the maxilla, or lower jaw; inframaxillary; as, the submaxillary gland. (b) Of or pertaining to submaxillary gland; as, submaxillary salvia.

SUBMEDIAL
Sub*me"di*al, a.

Defn: Lying under the middle.

SUBMEDIAN
Sub*me"di*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Next to the median (on either side); as, the submedian teeth of mollusks.

SUBMEDIANT
Sub*me"di*ant, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; the under mediant, or third below the keynote; the superdominant.

SUBMENTAL
Sub*men"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the chin; as, the submental artery.

SUBMENTUM
Sub*men"tum, n.; pl. Submenta. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, and Mentum.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The basal part of the labium of insects. It bears the mentum.

SUBMERGE
Sub*merge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submerged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Submerging.] Etym: [L. submergere, submersum; sub under + mergere to
plunge: cf. F. submerger. See Merge.]

1. To put under water; to plunge.

2. To cover or overflow with water; to inundate; to flood; to drown. I would thou didst, So half my Egypt were submerged. Shak.

SUBMERGE
Sub*merge", v. i.

Defn: To plunge into water or other fluid; to be buried or covered, as by a fluid; to be merged; hence, to be completely included. Some say swallows submerge in ponds. Gent. Mag.

SUBMERGENCE
Sub*mer"gence, n. Etym: [From L. submergens, p.pr.]

Defn: The act of submerging, or the state of being submerged; submersion.

SUBMERSE
Sub*merse", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Submersed.

SUBMERSED
Sub*mersed", a. Etym: [L. submersus, p.p. of submergere. See
Submerge.]

Defn: Being or growing under water, as the leaves of aquatic plants.

SUBMERSION
Sub*mer"sion, n. Etym: [L. submersio: cf. F. submersion.]

1. The act of submerging, or putting under water or other fluid, or of causing to be overflowed; the act of plunging under water, or of drowning.

2. The state of being put under water or other fluid, or of being overflowed or drowned.

SUBMETALLIC
Sub`me*tal"lic, a.

Defn: Imperfectly metallic; as, a submetallic luster.

SUBMINISTER
Sub*min"is*ter, v. t. Etym: [L. subministrare, subministratum. See
Sub-, and Ministre, v. t.]

Defn: To supply; to afford. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

SUBMINISTER
Sub*min"is*ter, v. i.

Defn: To be subservient; to be useful. [Obs.] "Our passions . . . subminister to the best and worst purposes." L'EStrange.

SUBMINISTRANT
Sub*min"is*trant, a. Etym: [L. subministrans, p.pr.]

Defn: Subordinate; subservient. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUBMINISTRATE
Sub*min"is*trate, v. t. Etym: [See Subminister.]

Defn: To supply; to afford; to subminister. [Obs.] Harvey.

SUBMINISTRATION
Sub*min`is*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. subministratio.]

Defn: The act of subministering. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUBMISS Sub*miss", a. Etym: [L. submissus, p.p. of submittere to let down, to lower. See Submit.]

1. Submissive; humble; obsequious. [Archaic] "Soft Silence and submiss Obedience." Spenser. "Stooping and submiss." R. L. Stevenson.

2. Gentle; soft; calm; as, submiss voices. [R.]

SUBMISSION Sub*mis"sion, n. Etym: [L. submissio a letting down, lowering: cf. F. soumission.]

1. The act of submitting; the act of yielding to power or authority; surrender of the person and power to the control or government of another; obedience; compliance. Submission, dauphin! 't is a mere French word; We English warrious wot not what it means. Shak.

2. The state of being submissive; acknowledgement of inferiority or dependence; humble or suppliant behavior; meekness; resignation. In all submission and humility York doth present himself unto your highness. Shak. No duty in religion is more justly required by God . . . than a perfect submission to his will in all things. Sir W. Temple.

3. Acknowledgement of a fault; confession of error. Be not as extreme in submission As in offense. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: An agreement by which parties engage to submit any matter of controversy between them to the decision of arbitrators. Wharton (Law Dict.). Bouvier.

SUBMISSIVE
Sub*mis"sive, a.

1. Inclined or ready to submit; acknowledging one's inferiority; yielding; obedient; humble. Not at his feet submissive in distress, Creature so fair his reconcilement seeking. Milton.

2. Showing a readiness to submit; expressing submission; as, a submissive demeanor. With a submissive step I hasted down. Prior.

Syn.
— Obedient; compliant; yielding; obsequious; subservient; humble;
modest; passive.
— Sub*mis"sive*ly, adv.
— Sub*mis"sive*ness, n.

SUBMISSLY
Sub*miss"ly, adv.

Defn: In a submissive manner; with a submission. [Archaic] Jer.
Taylor.

SUBMISSNESS
Sub*miss"ness, n.

Defn: Submissiveness. [Obs.]

SUBMIT
Sub*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Submitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Submitting.]
Etym: [L. submittere; sub under + mittere to send: cf. F. soumettre.
See Missile.]

1. To let down; to lower. [Obs.] Sometimes the hill submits itself a while. Dryden.

2. To put or place under. The bristled throat Of the submitted sacrifice with ruthless steel he cut. Chapman.

3. To yield, resign, or surrender to power, will, or authority; — often with the reflexive pronoun. Ye ben submitted through your free assent. Chaucer. The angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands. Gen. xvi. 9. Wives, submit yourselves unto your own husbands. Eph. v. 22.

4. To leave or commit to the discretion or judgment of another or others; to refer; as, to submit a controversy to arbitrators; to submit a question to the court; — often followed by a dependent proposition as the object. Whether the condition of the clergy be able to bear a heavy burden, is submitted to the house. Swift. We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus. Macaulay.

SUBMIT
Sub*mit", v. i.

1. To yield one's person to the power of another; to give up resistance; to surrender. The revolted provinces presently submitted. C. Middleton.

2. To yield one's opinion to the opinion of authority of another; to be subject; to acquiesce. To thy husband's will Thine shall submit. Milton.

3. To be submissive or resigned; to yield without murmuring. Our religion requires from us . . . to submit to pain, disgrace, and even death. Rogers.

SUBMITTER
Sub*mit"ter, n.

Defn: One who submits. Whitlock.

SUBMONISH
Sub*mon"ish, v. t. Etym: [L. submonere. See Summon, and -ish.]

Defn: To suggest; to prompt. [R.] "The submonishing inclinations of my senses." T. Granger.

SUBMONITION
Sub`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [LL. submonitio.]

Defn: Suggestion; prompting. [R.] T. Granger.

SUBMUCOUS
Sub*mu"cous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a mucous membrane.

SUBMULTIPLE
Sub*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)

Defn: A number or quality which is contained in another an exact number of times, or is an aliquot part of it; thus, 7 is the submultiple of 56, being contained in it eight times.

SUBMULTIPLE
Sub*mul"ti*ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a submultiple; being a submultiple; as, a submultiple number; submultiple ratio.

SUBMUSCULAR
Sub*mus"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Situated underneath a muscle or muscles.

SUBNARCOTIC
Sub`nar*cot"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Moderately narcotic.

SUBNASAL
Sub*na"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the nose; as, the subnasal point, or the middle point of the inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture.

SUBNASCENT Sub*nas"cent, a. Etym: [L. subnascens, p.pr. of subnasci to grow under; sub under + nasci to be born.]

Defn: Growing underneath. [R.] Evelyn.

SUBNECT Sub*nect", v. t. Etym: [L. subnectere, subnextum; sub under + nectere to tie.]

Defn: To tie or fasten beneath; to join beneath. [R.] Pope.

SUBNEX
Sub*nex", v. t. Etym: [See Subnect.]

Defn: To subjoin; to subnect. [Obs.] Holland.

SUBNORMAL
Sub*nor"mal, n. (Geom.)

Defn: That part of the axis of a curved line which is intercepted between the ordinate and the normal.

SUBNOTATION Sub`no*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. subnotatio a signing underneath, fr. subnotare to subscribe; sub under + notare to note or mark.]

Defn: A rescript. Bouvier.

SUBNOTOCHORDAL
Sub*no`to*chor"dal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated on the ventral side of the notochord; as, the subnotochordal rod.

SUBNUVOLAR Sub*nu"vo*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + It. nuvola cloud: cf. L. subnubilus somewhat cloudy.]

Defn: Under the clouds; attended or partly covered or obscured by clouds; somewhat cloudy. [R. & Poetic] Subnuvolar lights of evening sharply slant. Milnes.

SUBOBSCURELY
Sub`ob*scure"ly, adv.

Defn: Somewhat obscurely or darkly. [R.] Donne.

SUBOBTUSE
Sub`ob*tuse", a.

Defn: Partially obtuse.

SUBOCCIPITAL
Sub`oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the occiput; as, the suboccipital, or first cervical, nerve.

SUBOCTAVE; SUBOCTUPLE
Sub*oc"tave, Sub*oc"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of eight; having the ratio of one to eight.
Bp. Wilkins.

SUBOCULAR
Sub*oc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + ocular: cf. L. subocularis.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the eye.

SUBOFFICER
Sub*of"fi*cer, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + officer: cf. F. sous-officer.]

Defn: An under or subordinate officer.

SUBOPERCULAR
Sub`o*per"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below the operculum; pertaining to the suboperculum.
— n.

Defn: The suboperculum.

SUBOPERCULUM
Sub`o*per"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sub-, Operculum.] (Anat.)

Defn: The lower opercular bone in fishes.

SUBORBICULAR; SUBORBICULATE
Sub`or*bic"u*lar, Sub`or*bic"u*late, a.

Defn: Almost orbiculate or orbicular.

SUBORBITAL; SUBORBITAR
Sub*or"bit*al, Sub*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under or below the orbit.

SUBORDER
Sub*or"der, n. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A division of an order; a group of genera of a little lower rank than an order and of greater importance than a tribe or family; as, cichoraceous plants form a suborder of Compositæ.

SUBORDINACY
Sub*or"di*na*cy, n. Etym: [See Subordinate.]

Defn: The quality or state of being subordinate, or subject to control; subordination, as, to bring the imagination to act in subordinacy to reason. Spectator.

SUBORDINANCE; SUBORDINANCY Sub*or"di*nance, Sub*or"di*nan*cy, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinans, p.pr. of ordinare. See Subordinate, a.]

Defn: Subordinacy; subordination. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Sir W. Temple.

SUBORDINARY
Sub*or"di*na*ry, n. (Her.)

Defn: One of several heraldic bearings somewhat less common than an ordinary. See Ordinary.

Note: Different writers name different bearings as subordinaries, but the bar, bend, sinister, pile, inescutcheon bordure, gyron, and quarter, are always considered subordinaries by those who do not class them as ordinaries.

SUBORDINATE Sub*or"di*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. sub + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare to set in order, to arrange. See Ordain.]

1. Placed in a lower order, class, or rank; holding a lower or inferior position. The several kinds and subordinate species of each are easily distinguished. Woodward.

2. Inferior in order, nature, dignity, power, importance, or the like. It was subordinate, not enslaved, to the understanding. South.

SUBORDINATE
Sub*or"di*nate, n.

Defn: One who stands in order or rank below another; — distinguished from a principal. Milton.

SUBORDINATE
Sub*or"di*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subordinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subordinating.]

1. To place in a lower order or class; to make or consider as of less value or importance; as, to subordinate one creature to another.

2. To make subject; to subject or subdue; as, to subordinate the
passions to reason.
— Sub*or"di*nate*ly, adv.
— Sub*or"di*nate*ness, n.

SUBORDINATION
Sub*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subordination.]

1. The act of subordinating, placing in a lower order, or subjecting.

2. The quality or state of being subordinate or inferior to an other; inferiority of rank or dignity; subjection. Natural creature having a local subordination. Holyday.

3. Place of inferior rank. Persons who in their several subordinations would be obliged to follow the example of their superiors. Swift.

SUBORDINATIVE
Sub*or"di*na*tive, a.

Defn: Tending to subordinate; expressing subordination; used to introduce a subordinate sentence; as, a subordinative conjunction.

SUBORN
Sub*orn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suborned; p. pr. & vb. n. Suborning.]
Etym: [F. suborner, L. subornare; sub under, secretly + ornare to
furnish, provide, equip, adorn. See Ornament.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To procure or cause to take a false oath amounting to perjury, such oath being actually taken. Sir W. O. Russell.

2. To procure privately, or by collusion; to procure by indirect means; to incite secretly; to instigate. Thou art suborned against his honor. Shak. Those who by despair suborn their death. Dryden.

SUBORNATION
Sub`or*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. subornation.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The act of suborning; the crime of procuring a person to take such a false oath as constitutes perjury. Blackstone.

2. The sin or offense of procuring one to do a criminal or bad action, as by bribes or persuasion. Foul subornation is predominant. Shak. The sort of chicanery attending the subornation of managers in the Leibnitz controversy. De Quinsey.

SUBORNER
Sub*orn"er, n.

Defn: One who suborns or procures another to take, a false oath; one who procures another to do a bad action.

SUBOVAL
Sub*o"val, a.

Defn: Somewhat oval; nearly oval.

SUBOVATE
Sub*o"vate, a.

Defn: Nearly in the form of an egg, or of the section of an egg, but having the inferior extremity broadest; nearly ovate.

SUBOVATED
Sub*o"va*ted, a.

Defn: Subovate. [R.]

SUBOXIDE
Sub*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An oxide containing a relatively small amount of oxygen, and less than the normal proportion; as, potassium suboxide, K4O.

SUBPEDUNCULAR
Sub`pe*dun"cu*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the peduncle; as, the subpeduncular lobe of the cerebellum.

SUBPEDUNCULATE
Sub`pe*dun"cu*late, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Supported on, or growing from, a very short stem; having a short peduncle.

SUBPELLUCID
Sub`pel*lu"cid, a.

Defn: Somewhat pellucid; nearly pellucid.

SUBPENA
Sub*pe"na, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Subpoena.

SUBPENTANGULAR
Sub`pen*tan"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly or approximately pentangular; almost pentangular.

SUBPERICARDIAL
Sub*per`i*car"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the cardiac pericardium.

SUBPERIOSTEAL
Sub*per`i*os"te*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the periosteum. Subperiosteal operation (Surg.), a removal of bone effected without taking away the periosteum.

SUBPERITONEAL
Sub*per`i*to"ne*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the peritoneal membrane.

SUBPETIOLAR
Sub*pet"i*o*lar, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Concealed within the base of the petiole, as the leaf buds of the plane tree.

SUBPLEURAL
Sub*pleu"ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the pleural membrane.

SUBPODOPHYLLOUS
Sub*pod`o*phyl"lous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the podophyllous tissue of the horse's foot.

SUBPOENA
Sub*poe"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sub under + poena punishment. See
Pain.] (Law)

Defn: A writ commanding the attendance in court, as a witness, of the person on whom it is served, under a penalty; the process by which a defendant in equity is commanded to appear and answer the plaintiff's bill. [Written also subpena.] Subpoena ad testificandum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ used to procure the attendance of a witness for the purpose of testifying. — Subpoena duces tecum (. Etym: [NL.] A writ which requires a witness to attend and bring certain documents.

SUBPOENA
Sub*poe"na, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subpoenaed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subpoenaing.] (Law)

Defn: To serve with a writ of subpoena; to command attendance in court by a legal writ, under a penalty in case of disobedience.

SUBPOENAL
Sub*poe"nal, a.

Defn: Required or done under penalty. Gauden.

SUBPOLAR
Sub*po"lar, a.

Defn: Situated below the poles.

SUBPOLYGONAL
Sub`po*lyg"o*nal, a.

Defn: Approximately polygonal; somewhat or almost polygonal.

SUBPREHENSILE
Sub`pre*hen"sile, a.

Defn: Somewhat prehensile; prehensile in an inferior degree.

SUBPRIOR
Sub*pri"or, n. Etym: [Pref. sub + prior: cf. F. sous-prieur.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The vicegerent of a prior; a claustral officer who assists the prior.

SUBPUBIC
Sub*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or posterior to, the pubic bones.

SUBPULMONARY
Sub*pul"mo*na*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the lungs.

SUBPURCHASER
Sub*pur"chas*er, n.

Defn: A purchaser who buys from a purchaser; one who buys at second hand.

SUBPYRIFORM
Sub*pyr"i*form, a.

Defn: Somewhat pyriform.

SUBQUADRATE
Sub*quad"rate, a.

Defn: Nearly or approximately square; almost square.

SUBQUADRUPLE
Sub*quad"ru*ple, a.

Defn: Containing one part of four; in the ratio of one to four; as, subquadruple proportion. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBQUINQUEFID
Sub*quin"que*fid, a.

Defn: Almost quinquefid; nearly quinquefid.

SUBQUINTUPLE
Sub*quin"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to five; as, subquintuple proportion.
Bp. Wilkins.

SUBREADER
Sub*read"er, n. (Law)

Defn: An under reader in the inns of court, who reads the texts of law the reader is to discourse upon. [Eng.] Crabb.

SUBRECTOR
Sub*rec"tor, n.

Defn: An assistant restor. [Eng.]

SUBRELIGION
Sub`re*li"gion, n.

Defn: A secondary religion; a belief or principle held in a quasi
religious veneration.
Loyalty is in the English a subreligion. Emerson.

SUBREPTION Sub*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. subreptio, fr. subripere, subreptum, to snatch or take away secretly: cf. F. subreption. See Surreptitious.]

Defn: The act of obtaining a favor by surprise, or by unfair representation through suppression or fraudulent concealment of facts. Bp. Hall.

SUBREPTITIOUS
Sub`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. subreptitius. See Surreptitious.]

Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.] — Sub`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv. [Obs.]

SUBREPTIVE
Sub*rep"tive, a. Etym: [L. subreptivus.]

Defn: Surreptitious. [Obs.]

SUBRIGID
Sub*rig"id, a.

Defn: Somewhat rigid or stiff.

SUBRIGUOUS Sub*rig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. subriguus; sub under + riguus watered, akin to rigare to water.]

Defn: Watered or wet beneath; well-watered. [Obs.] Blount.

SUBROGATE
Sub"ro*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. subrogatus, p.p. of subrogare. See
Surrogate.]

Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. Barrow.

SUBROGATION
Sub`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subrogation, LL. subrogatio.]

Defn: The act of subrogating. Specifically: (Law)

Defn: The substitution of one person in the place of another as a creditor, the new creditor succeeding to the rights of the former; the mode by which a third person who pays a creditor succeeds to his rights against the debtor. Bouvier. Burrill. Abbott.

SUBROTUND
Sub`ro*tund", a.

Defn: Somewhat rotund.

SUBSACRAL
Sub*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the sacrum.

SUBSALINE
Sub`sa*line", a.

Defn: Moderately saline or salt.

SUBSALT
Sub"salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A basic salt. See the Note under Salt.

SUBSANNATION Sub`san*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsannatio, fr. subsannare to deride by mimicking gestures.]

Defn: Derision; mockery. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

SUBSCAPULAR; SUBSCAPULARY
Sub*scap"u*lar, Sub*scap"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath the scapula; infrascapular; as, the subscapular muscle.

SUBSCRIBABLE
Sub*scrib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subscribed. [R.]

SUBSCRIBE
Sub*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subscribing.] Etym: [L. subscribere, subscriptum; sub under +
scribere to write: cf. F. souscrire. See Scribe.]

1. To write underneath, as one's name; to sign (one's name) to a document. [They] subscribed their names under them. Sir T. More.

2. To sign with one's own hand; to give consent to, as something written, or to bind one's self to the terms of, by writing one's name beneath; as, parties subscribe a covenant or contract; a man subscribes a bond. All the bishops subscribed the sentence. Milman.

3. To attest by writing one's name beneath; as, officers subscribe their official acts, and secretaries and clerks subscribe copies or records.

4. To promise to give, by writing one's name with the amount; as, each man subscribed ten dollars.

5. To sign away; to yield; to surrender. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To declare over one's signature; to publish. [Obs.] Either or must shortly hear from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. Shak.

SUBSCRIBE
Sub*scribe", v. i.

1. To sign one's name to a letter or other document. Shak.

2. To give consent to something written, by signing one's name; hence, to assent; to agree. So spake, so wished, much humbled Eve; but Fate Subscribed not. Milton.

3. To become surely; — with for. [R.] Shak.

4. To yield; to admit one's self to be inferior or in the wrong. [Obs.] I will subscribe, and say I wronged the duke. Shak.

5. To set one's name to a paper in token of promise to give a certain sum.

6. To enter one's name for a newspaper, a book, etc.

SUBSCRIBER
Sub*scrib"er, n.

1. One who subscribes; one who contributes to an undertaking by subscribing.

2. One who enters his name for a paper, book, map, or the like. Dryden.

SUBSCRIPT
Sub"script, a. Etym: [L. subscriptus, p.p. See Subscribe.]

Defn: Written below or underneath; as, iota subscript. (See under Iota.) Specifically (Math.), said of marks, figures, or letters (suffixes), written below and usually to the right of other letters to distinguish them; as, a, n, 2, in the symbols Xa, An, Y2. See Suffix, n., 2, and Subindex.

SUBSCRIPT
Sub"script, n.

Defn: Anything written below. Bentley.

SUBSCRIPTION
Sub*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. subscriptio: cf. F. souscription.]

1. The act of subscribing.

2. That which is subscribed. Specifically: (a) A paper to which a signature is attached. (b) The signature attached to a paper. (c) Consent or attestation by underwriting the name. (d) Sum subscribed; amount of sums subscribed; as, an individual subscription to a fund.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: The acceptance of articles, or other tests tending to promote uniformity; esp. (Ch. of Eng.), formal assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer, required before ordination.

4. Submission; obedience. [Obs.] You owe me no subscription. Shak.

5. (Pharm.)

Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the direction to the apothecary.

Defn: A method of purchasing items produced periodically in a series, as newspapers or magazines, in which a certain number of the items are delivered as produced, without need for ordering each item individually; also, the purchase thus executed.

Note: The right to attend a series of public performances of ballet, opera, or music are also often sold by subscription. The payment for a subscription may be made prior to delivery of any items (common with magazines and performances), or after a certain number of the items have been delivered (common with newspapers or works of art produced in a series). 7. An application to purchase a certain number of securities to be delivered when they are newly issued.

SUBSCRIPTIVE
Sub*scrip"tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a subscription, or signature. "The subscriptive part." Richardson. — Sub*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

SUBSECUTE
Sub"se*cute, v. t. Etym: [L. subsecutus, p.p. of subsequi. See
Subsequent.]

Defn: To follow closely, or so as to overtake; to pursue. [Obs.] To follow and detain him, if by any possibility he could be subsecuted and overtaken. E. Hall.

SUBSECUTIVE
Sub*sec"u*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subsécutif.]

Defn: Following in a train or succession. [R.]

SUBSELLIUM
Sub*sel"li*um, n.; pl. Subsellia. Etym: [L.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: One of the stalls of the lower range where there are two ranges. See Illust. of Stall.

SUBSEMITONE
Sub*sem"i*tone, n. (Mus.)

Defn: The sensible or leading note, or sharp seventh, of any key; subtonic.

SUBSENSIBLE
Sub*sen"si*ble, a.

Defn: Deeper than the reach of the senses. "That subsensible world."
Tyndall.

SUBSEPTUPLE
Sub*sep"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to seven. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSEQUENCE; SUBSEQUENCY
Sub"se*quence, Sub"se*quen*cy, n.

Defn: The act or state of following; — opposed to precedence.

SUBSEQUENT Sub"se*quent, a. Etym: [L. subsequens, -entis, p.pr. of subsequi to follow, succeed: cf. F. subséquent. See Sue to follow.]

1. Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely; as, subsequent events; subsequent ages or years; a period long subsequent to the foundation of Rome.

2. Following in order of place; succeeding; as, a subsequent clause in a treaty. "The subsequent words come on before the precedent vanish." Bacon.

SUBSEQUENTLY
Sub"se*quent*ly, adv.

Defn: At a later time; afterwards.

SUBSEROUS
Sub*se"rous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a serous membrane.

SUBSERVE
Sub*serve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subserved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subserving.] Etym: [L. subservire; sub under + servire to serve. See
Serve.]

Defn: To serve in subordination or instrumentally; to be subservient to; to help forward; to promote. It is a great credit to know the ways of captivating Nature, and making her subserve our purposes, than to have learned all the intrigues of policy. Glanvill.

SUBSERVE
Sub*serve", v. i.

Defn: To be subservient or subordinate; to serve in an inferior
capacity.
Not made to rule, But to subserve where wisdom bears command. Milton.

SUBSERVIENCE; SUBSERVIENCY
Sub*serv"i*ence, Sub*serv"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subservient; instrumental fitness or use; hence, willingness to serve another's purposes; in a derogatory sense, servility. The body wherein appears much fitness, use, and subserviency to infinite functions. Bentley. There is a regular subordination and subserviency among all the parts to beneficial ends. Cheyne.

SUBSERVIENT
Sub*serv"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. subserviens, -entis, p.pr. See
Subserve.]

Defn: Fitted or disposed to subserve; useful in an inferior capacity; serving to promote some end; subordinate; hence, servile, truckling. Scarce ever reading anything which he did not make subservient in one kind or other. Bp. Fell. These ranks of creatures are subservient one to another. Ray. Their temporal ambition was wholly subservient to their proselytizing spirit. Burke.

SUBSERVIENTLY
Sub*serv"i*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a subservient manner.

SUBSESQUI-
Sub*ses"qui-. Etym: [Pref. sub- + sesqui-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) denoting the combination of constituents (especially electro-negative and electro-positive bodies) in the proportion of two to three; as, a subsesqui acetate, i. e., a salt having two equivalents of acetic acid to three of the base.

SUBSEXTUPLE
Sub*sex"tu*ple, a.

Defn: Having the ratio of one to six; as, a subsextuple proportion.
Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSIDE
Sub*side", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsided; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsiding.]
Etym: [L. subsidere; sub under, below + sidere to sit down, to
settle; akin to sedere to sit, E. sit. See Sit.]

1. To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.

2. To tend downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink. "Heaven's subsiding hill." Dryden.

3. To fall into a state of quiet; to cease to rage; to be calmed; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate; as, the sea subsides; the tumults of war will subside; the fever has subsided. "In cases of danger, pride and envy naturally subside." C. Middleton.

Syn.
— See Abate.

SUBSIDENCE; SUBSIDENCY Sub*sid"ence, Sub*sid"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. subsidens, -entis, p.pr. of subsidere. See Subside.]

Defn: The act or process of subsiding.
The subdual or subsidence of the more violent passions. Bp.
Warburton.

SUBSIDIARILY
Sub*sid"i*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a subsidiary manner; so as to assist.

SUBSIDIARY
Sub*sid"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsidiarius: cf. F. subsidiaire. See
Subsidy.]

1. Furnishing aid; assisting; auxiliary; helping; tributary; especially, aiding in an inferior position or capacity; as, a subsidiary stream. Chief ruler and principal head everywhere, not suffragant and subsidiary. Florio. They constituted a useful subsidiary testimony of another state of existence. Coleridge.

2. Of or pertaining to a subsidy; constituting a subsidy; being a part of, or of the nature of, a subsidy; as, subsidiary payments to an ally. George the Second relied on his subsidiary treaties. Ld. Mahon.

SUBSIDIARY
Sub*sid"i*a*ry, n.; pl. Subsidiaries (.

Defn: One who, or that which, contributes aid or additional supplies; an assistant; an auxiliary. Hammond.

SUBSIDIZE
Sub"si*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsidized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subsidizing.] Etym: [From Subsidy.]

Defn: To furnish with a subsidy; to purchase the assistance of by the payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote, as a private enterprise, with public money; as, to subsidize a steamship line. He employed the remittances from Spain to subsidize a large body of German mercenaries. Prescott.

SUBSIDY Sub"si*dy, n.; pl. Subsidies. Etym: [L. subsidium the troops stationed in reserve in the third line of battlem reserve, support, help, fr. subsidere to sit down, lie in wait: cf. F. subside. See Subside.]

1. Support; aid; coöperation; esp., extraordinary aid in money rendered to the sovereign or to a friendly power. They advised the king to send speedy aids, and with much alacrity granted a great rate of subsidy. Bacon.

Note: Subsidies were taxes, not immediately on on property, but on persons in respect of their reputed estates, after the nominal rate of 4s. the pound for lands, and 2s. 8d. for goods. Blackstone.

2. Specifically: A sum of money paid by one sovereign or nation to another to purchase the coöperation or the neutrality of such sovereign or nation in war.

3. A grant from the government, from a municipal corporation, or the like, to a private person or company to assist the establishment or support of an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public; a subvention; as, a subsidy to the owners of a line of ocean steamships.

Syn.
— Tribute; grant.
— Subsidy, Tribute. A subsidy is voluntary; a tribute is exacted.

SUBSIGN
Sub*sign", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subsigned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subsigning.] Etym: [L. subsignare; sub under + signare to mark: cf.
F. soussigner. See Sign.]

Defn: To sign beneath; to subscribe. [R.] Camden.

SUBSIGNATION
Sub`sig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. subsignatio.]

Defn: The act of writing the name under something, as for attestation. [R.] Shelton.

SUBSILICATE
Sub*sil"i*cate, n.

Defn: A basic silicate.

SUBSIST Sub*sist", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subsisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subsisting.] Etym: [L. subsistere to stand still, stay, remain alive; sub under + sistere to stand, to cause to stand, from stare to stand: cf. F. subsister. See Stand.]

1. To be; to have existence; to inhere. And makes what happiness we justly call, Subsist not in the good of one, but all. Pope.

2. To continue; to retain a certain state. Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve. Milton.

3. To be maintained with food and clothing; to be supported; to live. Milton. To subsist on other men's charity. Atterbury.

SUBSIST
Sub*sist", v. t.

Defn: To support with provisions; to feed; to maintain; as, to
subsist one's family.
He laid waste the adjacent country in order to render it more
difficult for the enemy to subsist their army. Robertson.

SUBSISTENCE
Sub*sist"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subsistance, L. subsistentia.]

1. Real being; existence. Not only the things had subsistence, but the very images were of some creatures existing. Stillingfleet.

2. Inherency; as, the subsistence of qualities in bodies.

3. That which furnishes support to animal life; means of support; provisions, or that which produces provisions; livelihood; as, a meager subsistence. His viceroy could only propose to himself a comfortable subsistence out of the plunder of his province. Addison.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2. Hooker.

SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT
Sub*sist"ence De*part"ment. (Mil.)

Defn: A staff department of the United States army charged, under the supervision of the Chief of Staff, with the purchasing and issuing to the army of such supplies as make up the ration. It also supplies, for authorized sales, certain articles of food and other minor stores. It is commanded by any officer of the rank of brigadier general, called commissary general, and the department is popularly called the Commissary Department.

SUBSISTENCY
Sub*sist"en*cy, n.

Defn: Subsistence. [R.]

SUBSISTENT
Sub*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. subsistens, p.pr. See Subsist.]

1. Having real being; as, a subsistent spirit.

2. Inherent; as, qualities subsistent in matter.

SUBSIZAR
Sub*si"zar, n.

Defn: An under sizar; a student of lower rank than a sizar.
[Cambridge Univ. Eng.]
Bid my subsizar carry my hackney to the buttery and give him his
bever. J. Fletcher.

SUBSOIL
Sub"soil`, n.

Defn: The bed, or stratum, of earth which lies immediately beneath the surface soil. Subsoil plow, a plow having a share and standard but no moldboard. It follows in the furrow made by an ordinary plow, and loosens the soil to an additional depth without bringing it to the surface. Knight.

SUBSOIL
Sub"soil`, v. t.

Defn: To turn up the subsoil of.

SUBSOLARY
Sub*so"la*ry, a.

Defn: Being under the sun; hence, terrestrial; earthly; mundane. [R.]

SUBSPECIES
Sub*spe"cies, n.

Defn: A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on characters more important than those which characterize ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.

SUBSPHENOIDAL
Sub`sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under, or on the ventral side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.

SUBSPHERICAL
Sub*spher"ic*al, a.

Defn: Nearly spherical; having a figure resembling that of a sphere.

SUBSPINOUS Sub*spi"nous, a. (a) (Anat.) Subvertebral. (b) (Med.) Situated beneath a spinous process, as that of the scapula; as, subspinous dislocation of the humerus.

SUBSTANCE Sub"stance, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. substantia, fr. substare to be under or present, to stand firm; sub under + stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. That which underlies all outward manifestations; substratum; the permanent subject or cause of phenomena, whether material or spiritual; that in which properties inhere; that which is real, in distinction from that which is apparent; the abiding part of any existence, in distinction from any accident; that which constitutes anything what it is; real or existing essence. These cooks, how they stamp, and strain, and grind, And turn substance into accident! Chaucer. Heroic virtue did his actions guide, And he the substance, not the appearance, chose. Dryden.

2. The most important element in any existence; the characteristic and essential components of anything; the main part; essential import; purport. This edition is the same in substance with the Latin. Bp. Burnet. It is insolent in words, in manner; but in substance it is not only insulting, but alarming. Burke.

3. Body; matter; material of which a thing is made; hence, substantiality; solidity; firmness; as, the substance of which a garment is made; some textile fabrics have little substance.

4. Material possessions; estate; property; resources. And there wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13. Thy substance, valued at the highest rate, Can not amount unto a hundred marks. Shak. We are destroying many thousand lives, and exhausting our substance, but not for our own interest. Swift.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: Same as Hypostasis, 2.

SUBSTANCE
Sub"stance, v. t.

Defn: To furnish or endow with substance; to supply property to; to make rich. [Obs.]

SUBSTANCELESS
Sub"stance*less, a.

Defn: Having no substance; unsubstantial. [R.] Coleridge.

SUBSTANT Sub"stant, a. Etym: [L. substans, -antis, p.pr. of substare to be firm.]

Defn: Substantial; firm. [R.] "[The glacier's] substant ice." The
Century.

SUBSTANTIAL
Sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [F. substantiel, L. substantialis.]

1. Belonging to substance; actually existing; real; as, substantial life. Milton. If this atheist would have his chance to be real and substantial agent, he is more stupid than the vulgar. Bentley.

2. Not seeming or imaginary; not illusive; real; solid; true;
veritable.
If happinessbe a substantial good. Denham.
The substantial ornaments of virtue. L'Estrange.

3. Corporeal; material; firm. "Most ponderous and substantial things." Shak. The rainbow [appears to be] a large substantial arch. I. Watts.

4. Having good substance; strong; stout; solid; firm; as, substantial cloth; a substantial fence or wall.

5. Possessed of goods or an estate; moderately wealthy; responsible; as, a substantial freeholder. "Substantial yeomen and burghers." Sir W. Scott.

SUBSTANTIALITY
Sub*stan`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; corporiety;
materiality.
The soul is a stranger to such gross substantiality. Glanvill.

SUBSTANTIALIZE Sub*stan"tial*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantialized; p. pr. & vb. n. Substantializing.]

Defn: To make substantial.

SUBSTANTIALLY
Sub*stan"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a substantial manner; in substance; essentially.
In him all his Father shone, Substantially expressed. Milton.
The laws of this religion would make men, if they would truly observe
them, substantially religious toward God, chastle, and temperate.
Tillotson.

SUBSTANTIALNESS
Sub*stan"tial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantial; as, the substantialness of a wall or column.

SUBSTANTIALS
Sub*stan"tials, n. pl.

Defn: Essential parts. Ayliffe.

SUBSTANTIATE
Sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substantiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Substantiating.]

1. To make to exist; to make real. Ayliffe.

2. To establish the existence or truth of by proof or competent evidence; to verify; as, to substantiate a charge or allegation; to substantiate a declaration. Observation is, in turn, wanted to direct and substantiate the course of experiment. Coleridge.

SUBSTANTIATION
Sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of substantiating or proving; evidence; proof.

SUBSTANTIVAL
Sub`stan*ti"val, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a substantive; of the nature of
substantive.
— Sub`stan*ti"val*ly, adv.

SUBSTANTIVE
Sub"stan*tive, a. Etym: [L. substantivus: cf. F. substantif.]

1. Betokening or expressing existence; as, the substantive verb, that is, the verb to be.

2. Depending on itself; independent. He considered how sufficient and substantive this land was to maintain itself without any aid of the foreigner. Bacon.

3. Enduring; solid; firm; substantial. Strength and magnitude are qualities which impress the imagination in a powerful and substantive manner. Hazlitt.

4. Pertaining to, or constituting, the essential part or principles; as, the law substantive. Noun substantive (Gram.), a noun which designates an object, material or immaterial; a substantive. — Substantive color, one which communicates its color without the aid of a mordant or base; — opposed to adjective color.

SUBSTANTIVE
Sub"stan*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. substantif.] (Gram.)

Defn: A noun or name; the part of speech which designates something that exists, or some object of thought, either material or immaterial; as, the words man, horse, city, goodness, excellence, are substantives.

SUBSTANTIVE
Sub"stan*tive, v. t.

Defn: To substantivize. [R.] Cudworth.

SUBSTANTIVELY
Sub"stan*tive*ly, adv.

1. In a substantive manner; in substance; essentially.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: As a substantive, name, or noun; as, an adjective may be used substantively.

SUBSTANTIVENESS
Sub"stan*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being substantive.

SUBSTANTIVIZE
Sub"stan*tiv*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert into a substantive; as, to substantivize an adjective. Fitzed. Hall.

SUBSTILE
Sub"stile`, n. (Dialing)

Defn: See Substyle.

SUBSTITUENT
Sub*stit"u*ent, n. Etym: [L. substituens, p.pr. See Substitute.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed.

SUBSTITUTE
Sub"stit"ute, n. Etym: [L. substitutus, p.p. of substituere to put
under, put in the place of; sub under + statuere to put, place: cf.
F. substitut. See Statute.]

Defn: One who, or that which, is substituted or put in the place of another; one who acts for another; that which stands in lieu of something else; specifically (Mil.),

Defn: a person who enlists for military service in the place of a
conscript or drafted man.
Hast thou not made me here thy substitute Milton.
Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] . . . wore masks as the sole substitute
known to our ancestors for the modern parasol. De Quincey.

SUBSTITUTE
Sub"stit"ute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Substituted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Substituting.] Etym: [See Substitute, n.]

Defn: To put in the place of another person or thing; to exchange.
Some few verses are inserted or substituted in the room of others.
Congreve.

SUBSTITUTED
Sub"stit"uted, a.

1. Exchanged; put in the place of another.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Containing substitutions or replacements; having been subjected to the process of substitution, or having some of its parts replaced; as, alcohol is a substituted water; methyl amine is a substituted ammonia. Substituted executor (Law), an executor appointed to act in place of one removed or resigned.

SUBSTITUTION
Sub`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [L. substitutio: cf. F. substitution.]

1. The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another; as, the substitution of an agent, attorney, or representative to act for one in his absense; the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium.

2. The state of being substituted for another.

3. The office or authority of one acting for another; delegated authority. [R.] Shak.

4. (Civil Law)

Defn: The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy, either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept, or after him. Burrill.

5. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously, being substituted for the sinner, and that his sufferings were expiatory.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical; metethesis; also, the state of being so substituted. See Metathesis.

SUBSTITUTIONAL
Sub`sti*tu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; standing in the place of
another; substituted.
— Sub`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.

SUBSTITUTIONARY
Sub`sti*tu"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to substitution; substitutional.

SUBSTITUTIVE Sub"sti*tu`tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. substitutif, L. substitutivus conditional.]

Defn: Tending to afford or furnish a substitute; making substitution; capable of being substituted. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBSTRACT Sub*stract", v. t. Etym: [F. suostraire; L. subtus below (from sub under) + trahere to draw. See Substract.]

Defn: To subtract; to withdraw. [Obs.] Barrow.

SUBSTRACTION
Sub*strac"tion, n. Etym: [OF. substraction, F. soustraction. See
Subtract.]

1. Subtraction; deduction. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: See Subtraction, 3.

SUBSTRACTOR
Sub*stract"or, n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. A detractor; a slanderer. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBSTRATE
Sub"strate, n.

Defn: A substratum. [R.]

SUBSTRATE
Sub"strate, a.

Defn: Having very slight furrows. [R.]

SUBSTRATE
Sub*strate", v. t. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of substrahere. See
Substratum.]

Defn: To strew or lay under anything. [Obs.]
The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand. Boyle.

SUBSTRATUM
Sub*stra"tum, n.; pl. Substrata. Etym: [L. substratus, p.p. of
substernere to strew under; sub under + sternere to strew. See
Stratum.]

1. That which is laid or spread under; that which underlies something, as a layer of earth lying under another; specifically (Agric.), the subsoil.

2. (Metaph.)

Defn: The permanent subject of qualities or cause of phenomena; substance.

SUBSTRUCT
Sub*struct", v. t. Etym: [See Substruction.]

Defn: To build beneath something; to lay as the foundation. [R.]
He substructs the religion of Asia as the base. Emerson.

SUBSTRUCTION Sub*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. substructio, fr. substruere, substructum, to build beneath; sub under + struere to build.] (Arch.)

Defn: Underbuilding; the foundation, or any preliminary structure intended to raise the lower floor or basement of a building above the natural level of the ground. It is a magnificent strong building, with a substruction very remarkable. Evelyn.

SUBSTRUCTURE
Sub*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + structure.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Substruction.

2. An under structure; a foundation; groundwork.

SUBSTYLAR
Sub*sty"lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the substyle.

SUBSTYLE
Sub"style`, n. (Dialing)

Defn: A right line on which the style, or gnomon, of a dial is erected; being the common section of the face of the dial and a plane perpendicular to it passing through the style. [Written also substile.] Hutton.

SUBSULPHATE
Sub*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate with an excess of the base.

SUBSULPHIDE
Sub*sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A nonacid compound consisting of one equivalent of sulphur and more than one equivalent of some other body, as a metal.

SUBSULTIVE
Sub*sul"tive, a.

Defn: Subsultory. [R.] Berkley.

SUBSULTORY Sub*sul"to*ry, a. Etym: [L. subsilire, subsultum, to spring up; sub under + salire to leap.]

Defn: Bounding; leaping; moving by sudden leaps or starts. [R.] — Sub*sul"to*ri*ly, adv. [R.] Flippancy opposed to solemnity, the subsultory to the continuous, — these are the two frequent extremities to which the French manner betrays men. De Quincey.

SUBSULTUS
Sub*sul"tus, n. Etym: [NL. See Subsultory.] (Med.)

Defn: A starting, twitching, or convulsive motion.

SUBSUMABLE
Sub*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being subsumed. J. B. Stallo.

SUBSUME
Sub*sume", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. sumere to take.]

Defn: To take up into or under, as individual under species, species under genus, or particular under universal; to place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include under something else. To subsume one proposition under another. De Quincey. A principle under which one might subsume men's most strenuous efforts after righteousness. W. Pater.

SUBSUMPTION
Sub*sump"tion, n.

1. The act of subsuming, or of including under another. The first act of consciousness was a subsumption of that of which we were conscious under this notion. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. That which is subsumed, as the minor clause or premise of a syllogism. But whether you see cause to go against the rule, or the subsumption under the rule. De Quincey.

SUBSUMPTIVE
Sub*sump"tive, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, a subsumption. Coleridge.

SUBTANGENT
Sub*tan"gent, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The part of the axis contained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the same point in a curve.

SUBTARTAREAN
Sub`tar*ta"re*an, a.

Defn: Being or living under Tartarus; infernal. "Subtartarean powers." Pope.

SUBTECTACLE
Sub*tec"ta*cle, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. tectum a roof.]

Defn: A space under a roof; a tabernacle; a dwelling. [Obs.] Davies
(Holy Roode).

SUBTEGULANEOUS Sub*teg`u*la"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subtegulaneus; sub under + tegulare tiles for a roof.]

Defn: Under the roof or eaves; within doors. [R.]

SUBTENANT
Sub*ten"ant, n. (Law)

Defn: One who rents a tenement, or land, etc., of one who is also a tenant; an undertenant.

SUBTEND
Sub*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtending.] Etym: [L. subtendere; sub under + tendere to stretch,
extend. See Tend.]

Defn: To extend under, or be opposed to; as, the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle; the chord subtends an arc.

SUBTENSE Sub*tense", n. Etym: [L. subtendere, subtentum. See Subtend, Tense, a.] (Geom.)

Defn: A line subtending, or stretching across; a chord; as, the subtense of an arc.

SUBTEPID
Sub*tep"id, a.

Defn: Slightly tepid.

SUBTERETE
Sub`te*rete", a.

Defn: Somewhat terete.

SUBTERFLUENT; SUBTERFLUOUS Sub*ter"flu*ent, Sub*ter"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterfluens, p.pr. of subterfluere to flow beneath; subter under + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Running under or beneath. [R.]

SUBTERFUGE Sub"ter*fuge, n. Etym: [F., from LL. subterfugium, fr. L. subterfugere to flee secretly, to escape; subter under + fugere to flee. See Fugitive.]

Defn: That to which one resorts for escape or concealment; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct; a shift; an evasion. Affect not little shifts and subterfuges, to avoid the force of an argument. I. Watts. By a miserable subterfuge, they hope to render this position safe by rendering it nugatory. Burke.

SUBTERRANE
Sub"ter*rane, n. Etym: [Cf. L. subterraneum, F. souterrain. See
Subterranean.]

Defn: A cave or room under ground. [R.] J. Bryant.

SUBTERRANEAL
Sub`ter*ra"ne*al, a.

Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.]

SUBTERRANEAN; SUBTERRANEOUS Sub`ter*ra"ne*an, Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. subterraneus; sub under + terra earth. See Terrace.]

Defn: Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within
the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous
passage.
— Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

SUBTERRANITY
Sub`ter*ran"i*ty, n.

Defn: A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUBTERRANY
Sub"ter*ra*ny, a.

Defn: Subterranean. [Obs.] Bacon.
— n.

Defn: A subterranean place. [Obs.]

SUBTERRENE
Sub`ter*rene", a. Etym: [L. subterrenus, equiv. to subterraneus.]

Defn: Subterraneous. [Obs.]

SUBTERRESTRIAL
Sub`ter*res"tri*al, a.

Defn: Subterranean.

SUBTHALAMIC
Sub`tha*lam"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the optic thalamus.

SUBTILE
Sub"tile, a. Etym: [L. subtilis. See Subtile.]

1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a subtile medium.

2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven. "A sotil [subtile] twine's thread." Chaucer. More subtile web Arachne can not spin. Spenser. I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her immortal face. Sir J. Davies.

3. Acute; piercing; searching. The slow disease and subtile pain. Prior.

5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate; refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.] The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely subtile, without being at all acute; hence there is so much humor and so little wit in their literature. The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile; hence what they think to be humorous, is merely witty. Coleridge. The subtile influence of an intellect like Emerson's. Hawthorne.

5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this sense now commonly written subtle.]

Syn. — Subtile, Acute. In acute the image is that of a needle's point; in subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The acute intellect pierces to its aim; the subtile (or subtle) intellect winds its way through obstacles. — Sub"tile*ly, adv. — Sub"tile*ness, n.

SUBTILIATE
Sub*til"i*ate, v. t. Etym: [LL. subtiliare.]

Defn: To make thin or rare. [Obs.] Harvey.
— Sub`til*i*a"tion, n. [Obs.] Boyle.

SUBTILISM
Sub"til*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.
The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. Milman.

SUBTILITY
Sub*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. subtilitas: cf. F. subtilité. See Subtle.]

Defn: Subtilty. [R.]

SUBTILIZATION
Sub`til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. subtilization.]

1. The act of making subtile.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.

3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.

SUBTILIZE
Sub"til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtilizing.] Etym: [L. subtiliser.]

1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments. Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages. Burke.

SUBTILIZE
Sub"til*ize, v. i.

Defn: To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions. Milner.

SUBTILIZER
Sub"til*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who subtilizes.

SUBTILTY
Sub"til*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the subtility of air or light.

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety. Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtility in nice divisions. Locke.

3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.] To learn a lewd man this subtility. Chaucer.

4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice; a trick; subtlety. O full of all subtility and all mischief. Acts xiii. 10.

Note: In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written subtlety.

SUBTLE Sub"tle, a. [Compar. Subtler; superl. Subtlest.] Etym: [OE. sotil, subtil, OF. soutil, later subtil, F. subtil, L. subtilis; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under + tela a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Subtile.]

1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; — applied to persons; as, a subtle foe. "A subtle traitor." Shak.

2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem.

3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; — said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; — said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive. Things remote from use, obscure and subtle. Milton.

4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.] Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling ground]. Shak.

Syn. — Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily. Subtle is the most comprehensive of these epithets and implies the finest intellectual quality. See Shrewd, and Cunning.

SUBTLENESS
Sub"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.

SUBTLETY Sub"tle*ty, n.; pl. Subtleties. Etym: [OE. sotelte, sutilte, OF. sotillete, L. subtilitas. See Subtle, and cf. Subtility.]

1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness. The fox which lives by subtlety. Shak.

2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of discrimination.

3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive. Unlearned in the world's false subtleties. Shak.

SUBTLY
Sub"tly, adv.

Defn: In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.
Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise. Milton.

2. Nicely; delicately.
In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. Pope.
Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the
analysis of my mind. Hawthorne.

3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.] Shak.

SUBTONIC
Sub*ton"ic, a. (Phonetics)

Defn: Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; — a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§155, 199-202.

SUBTONIC
Sub*ton"ic, n.

1. (Phonetics)

Defn: A subtonic sound or element; a vocal consonant, as b, d, g, n, etc.; a subvocal.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the tonic; — called also subsemitone.

SUBTORRID
Sub*tor"rid, a.

Defn: Nearly torrid.

SUBTRACT Sub*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtracting.] Etym: [L. subtractus, p.p. of subtrahere to draw from beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and cf. Substract.]

Defn: To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to deduct; as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4.

SUBTRACTER
Sub*tract"er, n.

1. One who subtracts.

2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]

SUBTRACTION Sub*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. subtractio a drawing back. See Subtract, and cf. Substraction.]

1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation for finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.

3. (Law)

Defn: The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some right to which he is entitled by law.

Note: Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate without sufficient reason. The subtraction of a legacy is the withholding or detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a subtraction, for which the law gives a remedy. Blackstone.

SUBTRACTIVE
Sub*trac"tive, a.

1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Having the negative sign, or sign minus.

SUBTRAHEND Sub"tra*hend`, n. Etym: [L. subtrahendus that is to be subtracted, p.fut.pess. of subtrahere. See Subtract.] (Math.)

Defn: The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.

SUBTRANSLUCENT
Sub`trans*lu"cent, a.

Defn: Not perfectly translucent.

SUBTRANSPARENT
Sub`trans*pa"rent, a.

Defn: Not perfectly transparent.

SUBTREASURER
Sub*treas"ur*er, n.

Defn: The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]

SUBTREASURY
Sub*treas"ur*y, n.; pl. Subtreasuries (.

Defn: A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United
States subtreasury at New York. [U. S.]

SUBTRIANGULAR
Sub`tri*an"gu*lar, a.

Defn: Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular. Darwin.

SUBTRIBE
Sub"tribe`, n. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower rank than a tribe.

SUBTRIHEDRAL
Sub`tri*he"dral, a.

Defn: Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the subtrihedral crown of a tooth. Owen.

SUBTRIPLE
Sub*tri"ple, a. (Math.)

Defn: Containing a third, or one part to three. Bp. Wilkins.

SUBTRIPLICATE
Sub*trip"li*cate, a. (Math.)

Defn: Expressed by the cube root; — said especially of ratios. Subtriplicate ratio, the ratio of the cube root; thus, the subtriplicate ratio of a to b is cube roota to cube rootb, or cube roota/b.

SUBTROPICAL
Sub*trop"ic*al, a.

Defn: Nearly tropical.

SUBTRUDE
Sub*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subtruded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subtruding.] Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.]

Defn: To place under; to insert. [R.]

SUBTURRICULATE
Sub`tur*ric"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Somewhat turriculate.

SUBTUTOR
Sub*tu"tor, n.

Defn: An under tutor.

SUBTYPICAL
Sub*typ"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or other group; slightly aberrant.

SUBULATE; SUBULATED Su"bu*late, Su"bu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. subulatus, fr. L. subula an awl.]

Defn: Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.

SUBULICORNES Su`bu*li*cor"nes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. subula an awl + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of insects having slender or subulate antennæ. The dragon flies and May flies are examples.

SUBULIFORM
Su"bu*li*form, a.

Defn: Subulate.

SUBULIPALP
Su"bu*li*palp`, n. Etym: [L. subula an awl + E. palp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.

SUBUMBONAL
Sub`um*bo"nal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.

SUBUMBRELLA
Sub`um*brel"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The integument of the under surface of the bell, or disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.

SUBUNDATION
Sub`un*da"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.]

Defn: A flood; a deluge. [Obs.] Huloet.

SUBUNGUAL
Sub*un"gual, a.

Defn: Under the nail or hoof.

SUBURB Sub"urb, n. Etym: [L. suburbium; sub under, below, near + urbs a city. See Urban.]

1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which is on the confines of any city or large town; as, a house stands in the suburbs; a garden situated in the suburbs of Paris. "In the suburbs of a town." Chaucer. [London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty thousand souls within its walls; and the suburbs were very populous. Hallam.

2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment. "The suburbs . . . of sorrow." Jer. Taylor. The suburb of their straw-built citadel. Milton. Suburb roister, a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] Milton.

SUBURBAN
Sub*ur"ban, a. Etym: [L. suburbanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the
suburbs of a city. "Suburban taverns." Longfellow.
Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight the citizen.
Cowper.

SUBURBAN
Sub*ur"ban, n.

Defn: One who dwells in the suburbs.

SUBURBED
Sub"urbed, a.

Defn: Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.

SUBURBIAL; SUBURBIAN
Sub*ur"bi*al, Sub*ur"bi*an, a.

Defn: Suburban. [Obs.] "Suburbial fields." Warton. "Suburbian muse."
Dryden.

SUBURBICARIAN; SUBURBICARY Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an, Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry, a. Etym: [LL. suburbicarius, equiv. to L. suburbanus: cf. F. suburbicaire. See Suburban.]

Defn: Being in the suburbs; — applied to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome. The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of his suburbicarian precincts. Barrow.

SUBURETHRAL
Sub`u*re"thral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.

SUBVAGINAL
Sub*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as, the subvaginal, or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve.

SUBVARIETY
Sub`va*ri"e*ty, n.; pl. -ties (.

Defn: A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.

SUBVENE
Sub*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Subvened; p. pr. & vb. n. Subvening.]
Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See Subvention.]

Defn: To come under, as a support or stay; to happen. A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from falling into ruin. Bp. Warburton.

SUBVENTANEOUS
Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. ventus wind.]

Defn: Produced by the wind. [Obs.]

SUBVENTION
Sub*ven"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. subventio, fr. L. subvenire to
come up to one's assistance, to assist. See Souvenir, and cf.
Subvene.]

1. The act of coming under. "The subvention of a cloud." Stackhouse.

2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid; assistance; help.

3. A government aid or bounty.

SUBVENTION
Sub*ven"tion, v. t.

Defn: To subventionize.

SUBVENTIONIZE
Sub*ven"tion*ize, v. t.

Defn: To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.

SUBVENTITIOUS
Sub`ven*ti"tious, a.

Defn: Helping; aiding; supporting. Urquhart.

SUBVERSE
Sub*verse", v. t. Etym: [L. subversus, p.p. of subvertere. See
Subvert.]

Defn: To subvert. [Obs.] Spenser.

SUBVERSION
Sub*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. subversio: cf. F. subversion. See
Subvert.]

Defn: The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned; entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter ruin; destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution. The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . . through my whole estate. Evelyn. Laws have been often abused to the oppression and subversion of that order they were intended to preserve. Rogers.

SUBVERSIONARY
Sub*ver"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Promoting destruction.

SUBVERSIVE
Sub*ver"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. subversif.]

Defn: Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin. Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design of conversation. Rogers.

SUBVERT
Sub*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Subverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Subverting.] Etym: [L. subvertere, subversum; sub under + vertere to
turn: cf. F. subvertir. See Verse.]

1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly. These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength, With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities, and subverts your towns. Shak. This would subvert the principles of all knowledge. Locke.

2. To pervert, as the mind, and turn it from the truth; to corrupt; to confound. 2 Tim. iii. 14.

Syn.
— To overturn; overthrow; destroy; invert; reverse; extinguish.

SUBVERT
Sub*vert", v. i.

Defn: To overthrow anything from the foundation; to be subversive. They have a power given to them like that of the evil principle, to subvert and destroy.

SUBVERTANT
Sub*vert"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Reserved. [R.]

SUBVERTEBRAL
Sub*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated beneath, or on the ventral side of, the vertebral column; situated beneath, or inside of, the endoskeleton; hypaxial; hyposkeletal.

SUBVERTER
Sub*vert"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, subverts; an overthrower. Sir T. More.

SUBVERTIBLE
Sub*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be subverted.

SUBVITALIZED
Sub*vi"tal*ized, a.

Defn: Imperfectly vitalized; having naturally but little vital power or energy.

SUBVOCAL
Sub*vo"cal, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Subtonic.

SUBWAY
Sub"way`, n.

Defn: An underground way or gallery; especially, a passage under a street, in which water mains, gas mains, telegraph wires, etc., are conducted.

SUBWORKER
Sub*work"er, n.

Defn: A subordinate worker or helper. South.

SUBZONAL
Sub*zon"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under a zone, or zona; — applied to a membrane between the zona radiata and the umbilical vesicle in the mammal embryo.

SUBZYGOMATIC
Sub*zyg`o*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated under the zygoma or zygomatic process.

SUCCADE Suc"cade, n. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice: cf. F. succade a sugarbox. Cf. Sucket.]

1. A sweetmeat. [Obs.] Holland.

2. pl. (Com.)

Defn: Sweetmeats, or preserves in sugar, whether fruit, vegetables, or confections. Blakely. Succade gourd. (Bot.) Same as Vegetable marrow, under Vegetable.

SUCCEDANE
Suc"ce*dane, n.

Defn: A succedaneum. [Obs.]

SUCCEDANEOUS
Suc`ce*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. succedaneus. See Succeed.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or acting as, a succedaneum; supplying the place of something else; being, or employed as, a substitute for another. Sir T. Browne.

SUCCEDANEUM
Suc`ce*da"ne*um, n.; pl. Succedanea. Etym: [NL. See Succedaneous.]

Defn: One who, or that which, succeeds to the place of another; that which is used for something else; a substitute; specifically (Med.),

Defn: a remedy used as a substitute for another.
In lieu of me, you will have a very charming succedaneum, Lady
Harriet Stanhope. Walpole.

SUCCEED
Suc*ceed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succeeded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Succeeding.] Etym: [L. succedere, successum; sub under + cedere to
go, to go along, approach, follow, succeed: cf. F. succéder. See
Cede, and cf. Success.]

1. To follow in order; to come next after; hence, to take the place of; as, the king's eldest son succeeds his father on the throne; autumn succeeds summer. As he saw him nigh succeed. Spenser.

2. To fall heir to; to inherit. [Obs. & R.] Shak.

3. To come after; to be subsequent or consequent to; to follow; to pursue. Destructive effects . . . succeeded the curse. Sir T. Browne.

4. To support; to prosper; to promote. [R.] Succeed my wish and second my design. Dryden.

SUCCEED
Suc*ceed", v. i.

1. To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; — often with to. If the father left only daughters, they equally succeeded to him in copartnership. Sir M. Hale. Enjoy till I return Short pleasures; for long woes are to succeed! Milton.

2. Specifically: To ascend the throne after the removal the death of the occupant. No woman shall succeed in Salique land. Shak.

3. To descend, as an estate or an heirloom, in the same family; to devolve. Shak.

4. To obtain the object desired; to accomplish what is attempted or intended; to have a prosperous issue or termination; to be successful; as, he succeeded in his plans; his plans succeeded. It is almost impossible for poets to succeed without ambition. Dryden. Spenser endeavored it in Shepherd's Kalendar; but neither will it succeed in English. Dryden.

5. To go under cover. [A latinism. Obs.] Will you to the cooler cave succeed! Dryden.

Syn.
— To follow; pursue. See Follow.

SUCCEEDANT
Suc*ceed"ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Succeeding one another; following.

SUCCEEDER
Suc*ceed"er, n.

Defn: A successor. Shak. Tennyson.

SUCCEEDING
Suc*ceed"ing, n.

Defn: The act of one who, or that which, succeeds; also, that which succeeds, or follows after; consequence. Shak.

SUCCENTOR Suc"cen*tor, n. Etym: [LL., an accompanier in singing, fr. succinere to sing, to accompany; sub under, after + canere to sing.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A subchanter.

SUCCESS
Suc*cess", n. Etym: [L. successus: cf. F. succès. See Succeed.]

1. Act of succeeding; succession. [Obs.] Then all the sons of these five brethren reigned By due success. Spenser.

2. That which comes after; hence, consequence, issue, or result, of an endeavor or undertaking, whether good or bad; the outcome of effort. Men . . . that are like to do that, that is committed to them, and to report back again faithfully the success. Bacon. Perplexed and troubled at his bad success The tempter stood. Milton.

3. The favorable or prosperous termination of anything attempted; the attainment of a proposed object; prosperous issue. Dream of success and happy victory! Shak. Or teach with more success her son The vices of the time to shun. Waller. Military successes, above all others, elevate the minds of a people. Atterbury.

4. That which meets with, or one who accomplishes, favorable results, as a play or a player. [Colloq.]

SUCCESSARY
Suc"ces*sa*ry, n.

Defn: Succession. [Obs.] My peculiar honors, not derived From successary, but purchased with my blood. Beau. & Fl.

SUCCESSFUL
Suc*cess"ful, a.

Defn: Resulting in success; assuring, or promotive of, success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect; hence, prosperous; fortunate; happy; as, a successful use of medicine; a successful experiment; a successful enterprise. Welcome, nephews, from successful wars. Shak.

Syn.
— Happy; prosperous; fortunate; auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.
— Suc*cess"ful*ly, adv.
— Suc*cess"ful*ness, n.

SUCCESSION
Suc*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. successio: cf. F. succession. See
Succeed.]

1. The act of succeeding, or following after; a following of things in order of time or place, or a series of things so following; sequence; as, a succession of good crops; a succession of disasters.

2. A series of persons or things according to some established rule of precedence; as, a succession of kings, or of bishops; a succession of events in chronology. He was in the succession to an earldom. Macaulay.

3. An order or series of descendants; lineage; race; descent. "A long succession must ensue." Milton.

4. The power or right of succeeding to the station or title of a father or other predecessor; the right to enter upon the office, rank, position, etc., held ny another; also, the entrance into the office, station, or rank of a predecessor; specifically, the succeeding, or right of succeeding, to a throne. You have the voice of the king himself for your succession in Denmark. Shak. The animosity of these factions did not really arise from the dispute about the succession. Macaulay.

5. The right to enter upon the possession of the property of an ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in an established order.

6. The person succeeding to rank or office; a successor or heir. [R.] Milton. Apostolical succession. (Theol.) See under Apostolical. — Succession duty, a tax imposed on every succession to property, according to its value and the relation of the person who succeeds to the previous owner. [Eng.] — Succession of crops. (Agric.) See Rotation of crops, under Rotation.

SUCCESSIONAL
Suc*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a succession; existing in a regular order; consecutive. "Successional teeth." Flower. — Suc*ces"sion*al*ly, adv.

SUCCESSIONIST
Suc*ces"sion*ist, n.

Defn: A person who insists on the importance of a regular succession of events, offices, etc.; especially (Eccl.), one who insists that apostolic succession alone is valid.

SUCCESSIVE
Suc*ces"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. successif. See Succeed.]

1. Following in order or in uninterrupted course; coming after without interruption or interval; following one after another in a line or series; consecutive; as, the successive revolution of years; the successive kings of Egypt; successive strokes of a hammer. Send the successive ills through ages down. Prior.

2. Having or giving the right of succeeding to an inheritance; inherited by succession; hereditary; as, a successive title; a successive empire. [Obs.] Shak. Successive induction. (Math.) See Induction, 5.

SUCCESSIVELY
Suc*ces"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a successive manner. The whiteness, at length, changed successively into blue, indigo, and violet. Sir I. Newton.

SUCCESSIVENESS
Suc*ces"sive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being successive.

SUCCESSLESS
Suc*cess"less, a.

Defn: Having no success.
Successless all her soft caresses prove. Pope.
— Suc*cess"less*ly, adv.
— Suc*cess"less*ness, n.

SUCCESSOR Suc*ces"sor, n. Etym: [OE. successour, OF. successur, successor, F. successeur, L. successor. See Succeed.]

Defn: One who succeeds or follows; one who takes the place which another has left, and sustains the like part or character; — correlative to predecessor; as, the successor of a deceased king. Chaucer. A gift to a corporation, either of lands or of chattels, without naming their successors, vests an absolute property in them so lond as the corporation subsists. Blackstone.

SUCCIDUOUS
Suc*cid"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. succiduus, fr. succidere to fall under.]

Defn: Ready to fall; falling. [R.]

SUCCIFEROUS
Suc*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. succus, sucus, juice, sap + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or conveying sap.

SUCCINAMATE
Suc`cin*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of succinamic acid.

SUCCINAMIC
Suc`cin*am"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide derivative of succinic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, and forming a series of salts.

SUCCINATE Suc"ci*nate, n. Etym: [L. succinum, sucinum, amber, from succus, sucus, juice, sap: cf. F. succinate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of succinic acid.

SUCCINCT Suc*cinct", a. Etym: [L. succinctus, p.p. of succingere to gird below or from below, to tuck up; sub + cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture.]

1. Girded or tucked up; bound; drawn tightly together. His habit fit for speed succinct. Milton.

2. Compressed into a narrow compass; brief; concise. Let all your precepts be succinct and clear. Roscommon. The shortest and most succinct model that ever grasped all the needs and necessities of mankind. South.

Syn.
— Short; brief; concise; summary; compendious; laconic; terse.
— Suc*cinct"ly, adv.
— Suc*cinct"ness, n.

SUCCINIC
Suc*cin"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. succinique. See Succinate.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, amber; specif., designating a dibasic acid, C

SUCCINIMIDE
Suc`cin*im"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, C2H4.(CO)2.NH, obtained by treating succinic anhydride with ammonia gas. It is a typical imido acid, and forms a series of salts. See Imido acid, under Imido.

SUCCINITE
Suc"ci*nite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. succinite.] (Min.)
(a) Amber.
(b) A garnet of an amber color.

SUCCINOUS
Suc"ci*nous, a. Etym: [From L. succinum amber.]

Defn: Succinic. [R.]

SUCCINURATE
Suc`cin*u"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of succinuric acid.

SUCCINURIC
Suc`cin*u"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid amide, analogous to succinamic acid, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by heating urea with succinic anhydride. It is known also in its salts.

SUCCINYL
Suc"cin*yl, n. Etym: [Succinic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical characteristic of succinic acid and certain of its derivatives.

SUCCISE
Suc*cise", a. Etym: [See Succision.] (Bot.)

Defn: Appearing as if a part were cut off at the extremity.

SUCCISION Suc*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. succisio, fr. succidere, succisum, to cut away below, sub under + caedere to cut.]

Defn: The act of cutting down, as of trees; the act of cutting off.
[R.]

SUCCOR Suc"cor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succored; p. pr. & vb. n. Succoring.] Etym: [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run. See Current.]

Defn: tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [Written also succour.] He is able to succor them that are tempted. Heb. ii. 18.

Syn.
— To aid; assist; relieve; deliver; help; comfort.

SUCCOR
Suc"cor, n. Etym: [OE. socours, sucurs, OF. sucurs, socors, secors,
F. secours, L. succursus, fr. L. succurrere. See Succor, v. t.]

1. Aid; help; assistance; esp., assistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want, or distress. "We beseech mercy and succor." Chaucer. My noble father . . . Flying for succor to his servant Bannister. Shak.

2. The person or thing that brings relief. This mighty succor, which made glad the foe. Dryden.

SUCCORABLE
Suc"cor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being succored or assisted; admitting of relief.

SUCCORER
Suc"cor*er, n.

Defn: One who affords succor; a helper.

SUCCORLESS
Suc"cor*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of succor. Thomson.

SUCCORY
Suc"co*ry, n. Etym: [Corrupted from chicory.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Cichorium. See Chicory.

SUCCOTASH Suc"co*tash, n. Etym: [Narragansett Indian m'sickquatash corn boiled whole.]

Defn: Green maize and beans boiled together. The dish is borrowed from the native Indians. [Written also suckatash.]

SUCCOTEAGUE
Suc`co*teague", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squeteague.

SUCCUBA Suc"cu*ba, n.; pl. Succubæ. Etym: [NL., fr. L. succubare to lie under; sub under + cubare to lie down; cf. L. succuba, succubo, one who lies under another.]

Defn: A female demon or fiend. See Succubus. Though seeming in shape a woman natural Was a fiend of the kind that succubæ some call. Mir. for Mag.

SUCCUBINE
Suc"cu*bine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to succuba.

SUCCUBOUS
Suc"cu*bous, a. Etym: [See Succuba.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the leaves so placed that the upper part of each one is covered by the base of the next higher leaf, as in hepatic mosses of the genus Plagiochila.

SUCCUBUS
Suc"cu*bus, n.; pl. Succubi. Etym: [See Succuba.]

1. A demon or fiend; especially, a lascivious spirit supposed to have sexual intercourse with the men by night; a succuba. Cf. Incubus.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The nightmare. See Nightmare, 2.

SUCCULA
Suc"cu*la, n. Etym: [L. sucula a winch, windlass, capstan.] (Mach.)

Defn: A bare axis or cylinder with staves or levers in it to turn it round, but without any drum.

SUCCULENCE; SUCCULENCY
Suc"cu*lence, Suc"cu*len*cy, n. Etym: [See Succulent.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being succulent; juiciness; as, the succulence of a peach.

SUCCULENT Suc"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. succulentus, suculentus, fr. succus, sucus, juice; perhaps akin to E. suck: cf. F. succulent.]

Defn: Full of juice; juicy. Succulent plants (Bot.), plants which have soft and juicy leaves or stems, as the houseleek, the live forever, and the species of Mesembryanthemum.

SUCCULENTLY
Suc"cu*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a succulent manner.

SUCCULOUS
Suc"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Succulent; juicy. [R.]

SUCCUMB
Suc*cumb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Succumbed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Succumbing.] Etym: [L. succumbere; sub under + cumbere (in comp.),
akin to cubare to lie down. See Incumbent, Cubit.]

Defn: To yield; to submit; to give up unresistingly; as, to succumb under calamities; to succumb to disease.

SUCCUMBENT
Suc*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. succumbens, p.pr.]

Defn: Submissive; yielding. [R.] Howell.

SUCCURSAL
Suc*cur"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. succursale. See Succor, n. & v. t.]

Defn: Serving to aid or help; serving as a chapel of ease; tributary.
[R.]
Not a city was without its cathedral, surrounded by its succursal
churches, its monasteries, and convents. Milman.

SUCCUS
Suc"cus, n.; pl. Succi (. (Med.)

Defn: The expressed juice of a plant, for medicinal use. Succus entericus (. Etym: [NL., literally, juice of the intestines.] (Physiol.) A fluid secreted in small by certain glands (probably the glands of Lieberkühn) of the small intestines. Its exact action is somewhat doubtful.

SUCCUSSATION Suc`cus*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. succussare to jolt, v. intens. fr. succutere, succussum, to fling up from below, to toss up; sub under + quatere to shake.]

1. A trot or trotting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. A shaking; succussion.

SUCCUSSION Suc*cus"sion, n. Etym: [L. succussio, from succutere: cf. F. succussion. See Succussation.]

Defn: The act of shaking; a shake; esp. (Med.), a shaking of the body to ascertain if there be a liquid in the thorax.

SUCCUSSIVE
Suc*cus"sive, a.

Defn: Characterized by a shaking motion, especially an up and down movement, and not merely tremulous oscillation; as, the succussive motion in earthquakes.

SUCH Such, a. Etym: [OE. such, sich, sech, sik, swich, swilch, swulch, swilc, swulc, AS. swelc, swilc, swylc; akin to OFries. selik, D. zulk, OS. sulic, OHG. sulih, solih, G. solch, Icel. slikr, OSw. salik, Sw. slik, Dan. slig, Goth. swaleiks; originally meaning, so shaped. *192. See So, Like, a., and cf. Which.]

1. Of that kind; of the like kind; like; resembling; similar; as, we never saw such a day; — followed by that or as introducing the word or proposition which defines the similarity, or the standard of comparison; as, the books are not such that I can recommend them, or, not such as I can recommend; these apples are not such as those we saw yesterday; give your children such precepts as tend to make them better. And in his time such a conqueror That greater was there none under the sun. Chaucer. His misery was such that none of the bystanders could refrain from weeping. Macaulay.

Note: The indefinite article a or an never precedes such, but is placed between it and the noun to which it refers; as, such a man; such an honor. The indefinite adjective some, several, one, few, many, all, etc., precede such; as, one such book is enough; all such people ought to be avoided; few such ideas were then held.

2. Having the particular quality or character specified. That thou art happy, owe to God; That thou continuest such, owe to thyself. Milton.

3. The same that; — with as; as, this was the state of the kingdom at such time as the enemy landed. "[It] hath such senses as we have." Shak.

4. Certain; — representing the object as already particularized in terms which are not mentioned. In rushed one and tells him such a knight Is new arrived. Daniel. To-day or to-morrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year. James iv. 13.

Note: Such is used pronominally. "He was the father of such as dwell in tents." Gen. iv. 20. "Such as I are free in spirit when our limbs are chained." Sir W. Scott. Such is also used before adjectives joined to substantives; as, the fleet encountered such a terrible storm that it put back. "Everything was managed with so much care, and such excellent order was observed." De Foe. Temple sprung from a family which . . . long after his death produced so many eminent men, and formed such distinguished alliances, that, etc. Macaulay. Such is used emphatically, without the correlative. Now will he be mocking: I shall have such a life. Shak. Such was formerly used with numerals in the sense of times as much or as many; as, such ten, or ten times as many. Such and such, or Such or such, certain; some; — used to represent the object indefinitely, as already particularized in one way or another, or as being of one kind or another. "In such and such a place shall be my camp." 2 Kings vi. 8. "Sovereign authority may enact a law commanding such and such an action." South. — Such like or character, of the like kind. And many other such like things ye do. Mark vii. 8.

SUCHOSPONDYLOUS
Su`cho*spon"dy*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having dorsal vertebræ with long and divided transverse processes; — applied to certain reptiles.

SUCHWISE
Such"wise`, adv.

Defn: In a such a manner; so.

SUCK
Suck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sucking.] Etym:
[OE. suken, souken, AS. s, s; akin to D. zuigen, G. saugen, OHG. s,
Icel. s, sj, Sw. suga, Dan. suge, L. sugere. Cf. Honeysuckle, Soak,
Succulent, Suction.]

1. To draw, as a liquid, by the action of the mouth and tongue, which tends to produce a vacuum, and causes the liquid to rush in by atmospheric pressure; to draw, or apply force to, by exhausting the air.

2. To draw liquid from by the action of the mouth; as, to suck an orange; specifically, to draw milk from (the mother, the breast, etc.) with the mouth; as, the young of an animal sucks the mother, or dam; an infant sucks the breast.

3. To draw in, or imbibe, by any process resembles sucking; to inhale; to absorb; as, to suck in air; the roots of plants suck water from the ground.

4. To draw or drain. Old ocean, sucked through the porous globe. Thomson.

5. To draw in, as a whirlpool; to swallow up. As waters are by whirlpools sucked and drawn. Dryden. To suck in, to draw into the mouth; to imbibe; to absorb. — To suck out, to draw out with the mouth; to empty by suction. — To suck up, to draw into the mouth; to draw up by suction absorption.

SUCK
Suck, v. i.

1. To draw, or attempt to draw, something by suction, as with the mouth, or through a tube. Where the bee sucks, there suck I. Shak.

2. To draw milk from the breast or udder; as, a child, or the young of an animal, is first nourished by sucking.

3. To draw in; to imbibe; to partake. The crown had sucked too hard, and now, being full, was like to draw less. Bacon.

SUCK
Suck, n.

1. The act of drawing with the mouth.

2. That which is drawn into the mouth by sucking; specifically, mikl drawn from the breast. Shak.

3. A small draught. [Colloq.] Massinger.

4. Juice; succulence. [Obs.]

SUCKANHOCK
Suck"an*hock, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]

Defn: A kind of seawan. See Note under Seawan.

SUCKATASH
Suck"a*tash, n.

Defn: See Succotash. Bartlett.

SUCKEN
Suck"en, n. Etym: [See Socome, Soc.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The jurisdiction of a mill, or that extent of ground astricted to it, the tenants of which are bound to bring their grain thither to be ground.

SUCKER
Suck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, sucks; esp., one of the organs by which certain animals, as the octopus and remora, adhere to other bodies.

2. A suckling; a sucking animal. Beau. & Fl.

3. The embolus, or bucket, of a pump; also, the valve of a pump basket. Boyle.

4. A pipe through which anything is drawn.

5. A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string attached to the center, which, when saturated with water and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth surface, adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure, with such force as to enable a considerable weight to be thus lifted by the string; — used by children as a plaything.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: A shoot from the roots or lower part of the stem of a plant; — so called, perhaps, from diverting nourishment from the body of the plant.

7. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of North American fresh-water cyprinoid fishes of the family Catostomidæ; so called because the lips are protrusile. The flesh is coarse, and they are of little value as food. The most common species of the Eastern United States are the northern sucker (Catostomus Commersoni), the white sucker (C. teres), the hog sucker (C. nigricans), and the chub, or sweet sucker (Erimyzon sucetta). Some of the large Western species are called buffalo fish, red horse, black horse, and suckerel. (b) The remora. (c) The lumpfish. (d) The hagfish, or myxine. (e) A California food fish (Menticirrus undulatus) closely allied to the kingfish (a); — called also bagre.

8. A parasite; a sponger. See def. 6, above. They who constantly converse with men far above their estates shall reap shame and loss thereby; if thou payest nothing, they will count thee a sucker, no branch. Fuller.

9. A hard drinker; a soaker. [Slang]

10. A greenhorn; one easily gulled. [Slang, U.S.]

11. A nickname applied to a native of Illinois. [U. S.] Carp sucker, Cherry sucker, etc. See under Carp, Cherry, etc. — Sucker fish. See Sucking fish, under Sucking. — Sucker rod, a pump rod. See under Pump. — Sucker tube (Zoöl.), one of the external ambulacral tubes of an echinoderm, — usually terminated by a sucker and used for locomotion. Called also sucker foot. See Spatangoid.

SUCKER
Suck"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suckering.]

Defn: To strip off the suckers or shoots from; to deprive of suckers; as, to sucker maize.

SUCKER
Suck"er, v. i.

Defn: To form suckers; as, corn suckers abundantly.

SUCKER STATE
Suck"er State.

Defn: Illinois; — a nickname.

SUCKET
Suck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. Suck, v. t., Succades.]

Defn: A sweetmeat; a dainty morsel. Jer. Taylor.

SUCKFISH
Suck"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sucker fish.

SUCKING
Suck"ing, a.

Defn: Drawing milk from the mother or dam; hence, colloquially,
young, inexperienced, as, a sucking infant; a sucking calf.
I suppose you are a young barrister, sucking lawyer, or that sort of
thing. Thackeray.
Sucking bottle, a feeding bottle. See under Bottle.
— Sucking fish (Zoöl.), the remora. See Remora. Baird.
— Sucking pump, a suction pump. See under Suction.
— Sucking stomach (Zoöl.), the muscular first stomach of certain
insects and other invertebrates which suck liquid food.

SUCKLE
Suc"kle, n.

Defn: A teat. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

SUCKLE
Suc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Suckling.]
Etym: [Freq. of suck.]

Defn: To give suck to; to nurse at the breast. Addison.
The breasts of Hecuba When she did suckle Hector, looked not
lovelier. Shak.
They are not weak, suckled by Wisdom. Landor.

SUCKLE
Suc"kle, v. i.

Defn: To nurse; to suck. [R.]

SUCKLER
Suc"kler, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that suckles its young; a mammal.

SUCKLING
Suck"ling, n. Etym: [OE. sokeling. See Suck, v. t.]

1. A young child or animal nursed at the breast.

2. A small kind of yellow clover (Trifolium filiforme) common in Southern Europe.

SUCRATE
Su"crate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of sucrose (or of some related carbohydrate) with some base, after the analogy of a salt; as, sodium sucrate.

SUCRE
Su"cre, n.

Defn: A silver coin of Ecuador, worth 68 cents.

SUCROSE
Su"crose`, n. Etym: [F. sucre sugar. See Sugar.] (Chem.)

Defn: A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also saccharose, cane sugar, etc. By extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type.

Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, C12H22O11. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a disaccharate. Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf. Sugar.

SUCTION
Suc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck; cf. OF. suction. See
Suck, v. t.]

Defn: The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into which the suction pipe delivers. — Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively. — Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.

SUCTORIA
Suc*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Suction.] (Zoöl.)

1. An order of Infusoria having the body armed with somewhat stiff, tubular processes which they use as suckers in obtaining their food. They are usually stalked.

2. Same as Rhizocephala.

SUCTORIAL
Suc*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adapted for sucking; living by sucking; as, the humming birds are suctorial birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Capable of adhering by suction; as, the suctorial fishes.

SUCTORIAN
Suc*to"ri*an, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cartilaginous fish with a mouth adapted for suction, as the lampery.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Suctoria.

SUCTORIOUS
Suc*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Suctorial. [R.]

SUDAMINA Su*dam"i*na, n. pl, sing. Sudamen (. Etym: [NL. sudamen, -inis, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.] (Med.)

Defn: Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of reddened skin, produced by excessive sweating.

SUDARIUM
Su*da"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., a handkerchief.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The handkerchief upon which the Savior is said to have impressed his own portrait miraculously, when wiping his face with it, as he passed to the crucifixion.

SUDARY
Su"da*ry, n. Etym: [L. sudarium, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.]

Defn: A napkin or handkerchief. [Obs. or R.] Wyclif. R. Browning.

SUDATION Su*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. sudatio, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudation.]

Defn: A sweating. [Obs.]

SUDATORIUM
Su`da*to"ri*um, n.; pl. Sudatoria. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sudatory. Dunglison.

SUDATORY Su"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. sudatorius, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudatoire. See Sweat.]

Defn: Sweating; perspiring.

SUDATORY
Su"da*to*ry, n.; pl. Sudatories. Etym: [L. sudatorium.]

Defn: A bagnio; a sweating bath; a vapor bath.
These sudatories are much in request for many infirmities. Evelyn.

SUDD
Sudd (sud), n. [Ar. sadd barrier.]

Defn: A tangled mass of floating vegetal matter obstructing navigation. [Central Africa]

SUDDEN Sud"den, a. Etym: [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F. soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come unexpectedly, p.p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub under, secretly + ire to go. See Issue, and cf. Subitaneous.]

1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation; immediate; instant; speedy. "O sudden wo!" Chaucer. "For fear of sudden death." Shak. Sudden fear troubleth thee. Job xxii. 10.

2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid. Never was such a sudden scholar made. Shak. The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the sudden eye. Milton.

3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
— Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for.
— Sud"den*ly, adv.
— Sud"den*ness, n.

SUDDEN
Sud"den, adv.

Defn: Suddenly; unexpectedly. [R.]
Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. Milton.

SUDDEN
Sud"den, n.

Defn: An unexpected occurrence; a surprise. All of a sudden, On a
sudden, Of a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual
preparation; suddenly.
How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! Milton.
He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden. Thackeray.

SUDDENTY
Sud"den*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. soudaineté.]

Defn: Suddenness; a sudden. [Scot.] On a suddenty, on a sudden.
[Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SUDORAL
Su"dor*al, a. Etym: [L. sudor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sweat; as, sudoral eruptions.

SUDORIFEROUS
Su`dor*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing, or secreting, sweat; sudoriparous. Sudoriferous glands (Anat.), small convoluted tubular glands which are situated in the subcutaneous tissues and discharge by minute orifices in the surface of the skin; the sweat glands.

SUDORIFIC Su`dor*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat (akin to E. sweat) + facere to make.]

Defn: Causing sweat; as, sudorific herbs. — n.

Defn: A sudorific medicine. Cf. Diaphoretic.

SUDORIPAROUS
Su`dor*ip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + parere to produce.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Sudoriferous.

SUDOROUS
Su"dor*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudorus, fr. sudor sweat.]

Defn: Consisting of sweat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUDRA
Su"dra, n. Etym: [Skr. ç.]

Defn: The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See
Caste. [Written also Soorah, Soodra, and Sooder.]

SUDS
Suds, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to sodden, seethe. See Seethe.]

Defn: Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles and froth. In the suds, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] Beau. & Fl.

SUE Sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sued; p. pr. & vb. n. Suing.] Etym: [OE. suen, sewen, siwen, OF. sivre (pres.ind. 3d sing. il siut, suit, he follows, nous sevons we follow), LL. sequere, for L. sequi, secutus; akin to Gr. sac to accompany, and probably to E. see, v.t. See See, v. t., and cf. Consequence, Ensue, Execute, Obsequious, Pursue, Second, Sect in religion, Sequence, Suit.]

1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to woo.
For yet there was no man that haddle him sued. Chaucer.
I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and sought with all
the service due. Spenser.
Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. Tennyson.

2. (Law) (a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to institute process in law against; to bring an action against; to prosecute judicially. (b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its proper termination; to gain by legal process.

3. (Falconry)

Defn: To clean, as the beak; — said of a hawk.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr. To sue out (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.

SUE
Sue, v. i.

1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat; to plead. By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel and redress, he sues to you. Pope. Cæsar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship. C. Middleton. The Indians were defeated and sued for peace. Jefferson.

2. (Law)

Defn: To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in law; as, to sue for damages.

3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. Massinger.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship. R. H. Dana,
Jr.

SUEDE
Suède (swayd or swâd), n. [F., Sweden.]

Defn: Swedish glove leather, —usually made from lambskins tanned with willow bark. Also used adjectively; as, suède gloves.

SUENT
Su"ent, a.

Defn: Uniformly or evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See
Suant. Thoreau.

SUENTLY
Su"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Evenly; smoothly.

SUER
Su"er, n.

Defn: One who sues; a suitor.

SUET
Su"et, n. Etym: [OE. suet, dim. fr. OF. seu, suif, F. suif, L. sebum.
Cf. Soap, Sebaceous.]

Defn: The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which, when melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.

SUETY
Su"et*y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.

SUF-
Suf-.

Defn: A form of the prefix Sub-.

SUFFER Suf"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffering.] Etym: [OE. suffren, soffren, OF. sufrir, sofrir, F. souffrir, (assumed) LL. sofferire, for L. sufferre; sub under + ferre to bear, akin to E. bear. See Bear to support.]

1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief of mind.

2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to bear up under. Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer and support our pains. Milton.

3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage. If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration. Shak.

4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate.
Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon
him. Lev. xix. 17.
I suffer them to enter and possess. Milton.

Syn. — To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit; tolerate. See Permit.

SUFFER
Suf"fer, v. i.

1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we suffer with anxiety. O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but he will not suffer long. Tennyson.

2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the penalty of death. The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day appointed, and the son afterwards the day following. Clarendon.

3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. Public business suffers by private infirmities. Sir W. Temple.

SUFFERABLE
Suf"fer*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. souffrable.]

1. Able to suffer or endure; patient. [Obs.] "Ye must be sufferable." Chaucer.

2. That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted; allowable;
tolerable.
— Suf"fer*a*ble*ness, n.
— Suf"fer*a*bly, adv.

SUFFERANCE Suf"fer*ance, n. Etym: [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance, soufrance, F. souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens, -entis, p.pr. of sufferre. See Suffer.]

1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance. He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance. Shak.

2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress. The seeming sufferances that you had borne. Shak.

3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.] A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their fleet. Shak.

4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances; patience; moderation. Chaucer. But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise. Spenser.

5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering; toleration; permission; allowance; leave. Shak. In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon, through sufferance, grow to fearful end. Spenser. Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories. Hooker.

6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the shipment of goods. [Eng.] Estate of sufferance (Law), the holding by a tenant who came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right has expired, without positive leave of the owner. Blackstone. — On sufferance, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house on sufferance.

Syn. — Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience; moderation; toleration; permission.

SUFFERER
Suf"fer*er, n.

1. One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as, sufferers by poverty or sickness; men are sufferers by fire or by losses at sea.

2. One who permits or allows.

SUFFERING
Suf"fer*ing, n.

Defn: The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured; distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs. "Souls in sufferings tried." Keble.

SUFFERING
Suf"fer*ing, a.

Defn: Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc.
— Suf"fer*ing*ly, adv.

SUFFICE
Suf*fice", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sufficed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sufficing.]
Etym: [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.),
L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice;
sub under + facere to make. See Fact.]

Defn: To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to
be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. Chaucer.
To recount almighty works, What words or tongue of seraph can suffice
Milton.

SUFFICE
Suf*fice", v. t.

1. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of. Spenser. Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. Deut. iii. 26.

2. To furnish; to supply adequately. [Obs.] The power appeased, with winds sufficed the sail. Dryden.

SUFFICIENCE
Suf*fi"cience, n.

Defn: Sufficiently. [Obs.]

SUFFICIENCY
Suf*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. sufficientia: cf. F. suffisance. See
Suffice.]

1. The quality or state of being sufficient, or adequate to the end proposed; adequacy. His sufficiency is such that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted. Boyle.

2. Qualification for any purpose; ability; capacity. A substitute or most allowed sufficiency. Shak. I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others. Eikon Basilike.

3. Adequate substance or means; competence. "An elegant sufficiency." Thomson.

4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.

5. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency. Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. Sir W. Temple.

SUFFICIENT Suf*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. sufficiens, -entis, p.pr. of sufficere: cf. F. suffisant. See Suffice.]

1. Equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; enough; ample; competent; as, provision sufficient for the family; an army sufficient to defend the country. My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.