← Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Volume 8
Chapter 10
Sos Sos (part 5)
2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit. Who is sufficient for these things 2 Cor. ii. 16.
3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible. The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.
4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. [R.] Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee), Not to believe a thing. Beau. & Fl.
Syn.
— Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample.
SUFFICIENTLY
Suf*fi"cient*ly, adv.
Defn: To a sufficient degree; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; enough; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties.
SUFFICING
Suf*fi"cing, a.
Defn: Affording enough; satisfying.
— Suf*fi"cing*ly, adv.
— Suf*fi"cing*ness, n.
SUFFISANCE
Suf*fi"sance, n. Etym: [F. See Sufficiency.]
Defn: Sufficiency; plenty; abundance; contentment. [Obs.]
He could in little thing have suffisaunce. Chaucer.
SUFFISANT
Suf*fi"sant, a.
Defn: Sufficient. [Obs.]
SUFFIX Suf"fix, n. Etym: [L. suffixus, p.p. of suffigere to fasten on, to affix; sub under + figere to fix: cf. F. suffixe. See Fix.]
1. A letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or appended to the end of a word or a root to modify the meaning; a postfix.
2. (Math.)
Defn: A subscript mark, number, or letter. See Subscript, a.
SUFFIX
Suf*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffixing.]
Defn: To add or annex to the end, as a letter or syllable to a word; to append.
SUFFIXION
Suf*fix"ion, n.
Defn: The act of suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.
SUFFIXMENT
Suf*fix"ment, n.
Defn: Suffixion. [R.] Earle.
SUFFLAMINATE Suf*flam"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. sufflaminatus, p.p. of sufflaminare to hold back by a clog, from sufflamen a clog.]
1. To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by preventing one or more of its wheels from revolving, either by means of a chain or otherwise. [Obs.]
2. Hence, to stop; to impede. [Obs.] Barrow.
SUFFLATE Suf*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. sufflatus, p.p. of sufflare to blow up, inflate; sub under + flare to blow.]
Defn: To blow up; to inflate; to inspire. [R.] T. Ward.
SUFFLATION
Suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. sufflatio.]
Defn: The act of blowing up or inflating. [R.] Coles.
SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, a. Etym: [L. suffocatus, p.p. of suffocare to choke; sub under + fauces the throat. Cf. Faucal.]
Defn: Suffocated; choked. Shak.
SUFFOCATE
Suf"fo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suffocating.]
1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother. Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. Shak.
2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.
SUFFOCATE
Suf"fo*cate, v. i.
Defn: To become choked, stifled, or smothered. "A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage." collier.
SUFFOCATING
Suf"fo*ca`ting, a. & n.
Defn: from Suffocate, v.
— Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly, adv.
SUFFOCATION
Suf`fo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffocatio: cf. F. suffocation.]
Defn: The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated; death caused by smothering or choking.
Note: The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously with asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion (drowning). Quain.
SUFFOCATIVE
Suf"fo*ca*tive, a.
Defn: Tending or able to choke or stifle. "Suffocative catarrhs."
Arbuthnot.
SUFFOSSION Suf*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffossio, from suffodere, suffossum, to dig under; sub under + fodere to dig.]
Defn: A digging under; an undermining. [R.] Bp. Hall.
SUFFRAGAN
Suf"fra*gan, a. Etym: [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.pr. of
suffragari to support with one's vote, to be favorable. See
Suffrage.]
Defn: Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.
SUFFRAGAN
Suf"fra*gan, n. Etym: [F. suffragant: cf. LL. suffraganeus. See
Suffragan, a.]
1. An assistant.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.
SUFFRAGANSHIP
Suf"fra*gan*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a suffragan.
SUFFRAGANT
Suf"fra*gant, a. & n.
Defn: Suffragan. [Obs.]
SUFFRAGATE
Suf"fra*gate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Suffragated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suffragating.] Etym: [L. suffragatus, p.p. of suffragari. See
Suffragan, a.]
Defn: To vote or vote with. [Obs.] "Suffragating tribes." Dryden.
SUFFRAGATOR
Suf"fra*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who assists or favors by his vote. [Obs.]
SUFFRAGE Suf"frage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. suffragium; perhaps originally, a broken piece, a potsherd, used in voting, and fr. sub under + the root of frangere to break. See Break.]
1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust; the formal expression of an opinion; assent; vote. I ask your voices and your suffrages. Shak.
2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval. Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage the observation made by heathen writers. Atterbury. Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth of a doctrine. South.
3. (Eccl.) (a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong. (b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful departed. Shipley. I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful. Creed of Pope Pius IV.
4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.]
Defn: The right to vote; franchise.
SUFFRAGE
Suf"frage, v. t.
Defn: To vote for; to elect. [Obs.] Milton.
SUFFRAGETTE
Suf*fra*gette, n.
Defn: A woman who advocates the right to vote for women; a woman suffragist.
SUFFRAGINOUS Suf*frag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. suffraginosus diseased in the hock, fr. suffrago the pastern, or hock.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the hock of a beast. [Obs.]
SUFFRAGIST
Suf"fra*gist, n.
1. One who possesses or exercises the political right of suffrage; a voter.
2. One who has certain opinions or desires about the political right of suffrage; as, a woman suffragist. It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be obliged after her marriage immediately to open her doors and turn ultra liberal, or an universal suffragist. Miss Edgeworth.
SUFFRAGO Suf*fra"go, n. Etym: [L., the hock, from sub under + frangere to break.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The heel joint.
SUFFRANCE
Suf"france, n.
Defn: Sufferance. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SUFFRUTESCENT
Suf`fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + frutescent.] (Bot.)
Defn: Slightly woody at the base.
SUFFRUTICOSE
Suf*fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + fruticose.] (Bot.)
Defn: Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.
SUFFRUTICOUS
Suf*fru"ti*cous, a.
Defn: Suffruticose.
SUFFUMIGATE
Suf*fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffumigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suffumigating.] Etym: [L. suffumigatus, p.p. of suffumigare to
fumigate from below. See Sub-, and Fumigate.]
Defn: To apply fumes or smoke to the parts of, as to the body in medicine; to fumigate in part.
SUFFUMIGATION
Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffumigatio: cf. F. suffumigation.]
Defn: The operation of suffumigating.
SUFFUMIGE
Suf*fu"mige, n. Etym: [LL. suffumigium.]
Defn: A medical fume. [Obs.] Harvey.
SUFFUSE
Suf*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffused; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffusing.]
Etym: [L. suffusus, p.p. of suffundere to overspread; sub under +
fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]
Defn: To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover,
as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks
suffused with blushes.
When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. Pope.
SUFFUSION
Suf*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffusio: cf. F. suffusion.]
1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an overspreading. To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color. Ray.
2. That with which a thing is suffused.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of birds.
SUFI
Su"fi, n. Etym: [From the name of a dynasty of Persian kings, Safi,
Safavi; said to come from name Safi-ud-din of an ancestor of the
family, confused with s pious.]
Defn: A title or surname of the king of Persia.
SUFI
Su"fi, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. s, wise, pious, devout.]
Defn: One of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written also sofi.]
SUFISM
Su"fism, n.
Defn: A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans, particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also sofism.]
SUG
Sug, n.
Defn: A kind of worm or larva. Walton.
SUGAR Sug"ar, n. Etym: [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. azúcar), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. çarkara sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]
1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below.
Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light.
2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.
3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn sugar. See Quercite. — Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. — Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. — Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. — Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. — Invert sugar. See under Invert. — Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. — Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. — Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. — Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. — Pine sugar. See Pinite. — Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; — called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. — Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. — Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. — Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. — Sugar bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family Coerebidæ. They are allied to the honey eaters. — Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. — Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. — Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] — Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. — Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. — Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf J. Webster. — Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. — Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. — Sugar mite. (Zoöl.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. — Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. — Sugar of milk. See under Milk. — Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; — called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] Bartlett. — Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. — Sugar squirrel (Zoöl.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. — Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. — Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.
SUGAR
Sug"ar, v. i.
Defn: In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; — with the preposition off. [Local, U.S.]
SUGAR
Sug"ar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sugared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sugaring.]
1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with. "When I sugar my liquor." G. Eliot.
2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof. With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil himself. Shak.
SUGARED
Sug"ared, a.
Defn: Sweetened. "The sugared liquor." Spenser.
Defn: Also used figuratively; as, sugared kisses.
SUGAR-HOUSE
Sug"ar-house`, n.
Defn: A building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar manufactory.
SUGARINESS
Sug"ar*i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.
SUGARING
Sug"ar*ing, n.
1. The act of covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the sugar thus used.
2. The act or process of making sugar.
SUGARLESS
Sug"ar*less, a.
Defn: Without sugar; free from sugar.
SUGARPLUM
Sug"ar*plum`, n.
Defn: A kind of candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.
SUGARY
Sug"ar*y, a.
1. Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet. Spenser.
2. Fond of sugar or sweet things; as, a sugary palate.
SUGESCENT
Su*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. sugere to suck.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to sucking. [R.] Paley.
SUGGEST
Sug*gest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suggested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suggesting.] Etym: [L. suggestus, p.p. of suggerere to put under,
furnish, suggest; sub under + gerere to carry, to bring. See Jest.]
1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be thought of, usually by the agency of other objects. Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection. Locke.
2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to intimate; as, to suggest a difficulty.
3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.] Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. Shak.
4. To inform secretly. [Obs.]
Syn.
— To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.
SUGGEST
Sug*gest", v. i.
Defn: To make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.] And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or seeming-genial, venial fault, Recurring and suggesting still. Tennyson.
SUGGESTER
Sug*gest"er, n.
Defn: One who suggests. Beau. & Fl.
SUGGESTION
Sug*ges"tion, n. Etym: [F. suggestion, L. suggestio.]
1. The act of suggesting; presentation of an idea.
2. That which is suggested; an intimation; an insinuation; a hint; a different proposal or mention; also, formerly, a secret incitement; temptation. Why do I yield to that suggestion Shak.
3. Charge; complaint; accusation. [Obs.] "A false suggestion." Chaucer.
4. (Law)
Defn: Information without oath; an entry of a material fact or circumstance on the record for the information of the court, at the death or insolvency of a party.
5. (Physiol. & Metaph.)
Defn: The act or power of originating or recalling ideas or relations, distinguished as original and relative; — a term much used by Scottish metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown.
Syn. — Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation. — Suggestion, Hint. A hint is the briefest or most indirect mode of calling one's attention to a subject. A suggestion is a putting of something before the mind for consideration, an indirect or guarded mode of presenting argument or advice. A hint is usually something slight or covert, and may by merely negative in its character. A suggestion is ordinarily intended to furnish us with some practical assistance or direction. "He gave me a hint of my danger, and added some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it." Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope. Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night On your suggestion. Shak.
SUGGESTIVE
Sug*gest"ive, a.
Defn: Containing a suggestion, hint, or intimation.
— Sug*gest"ive*ly, adv.
— Sug*gest"ive*ness, n.
SUGGESTIVE MEDICINE
Sug*gest"ive med"i*cine.
Defn: Treatment by commands or positive statements addressed to a more or less hypnotized patient.
SUGGESTMENT
Sug*gest"ment, n.
Defn: Suggestion. [R.] They fancy that every thought must needs have an immediate outward suggestment. Hare.
SUGGESTRESS
Sug*gest"ress, n.
Defn: A woman who suggests. "The suggestress of suicides." De
Quincey.
SUGGIL Sug"gil, v. t. Etym: [L. suggillare, sugillare, suggillatum, sugillatum, literally, to beat black and blue.]
Defn: To defame. [Obs.] Abp. Parker.
SUGGILLATE
Sug"gil*late, v. t. Etym: [See Suggil.]
Defn: To beat livid, or black and blue. Wiseman.
SUGGILLATION
Sug`gil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. suggillatio: cf. F. suggillation.]
Defn: A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.
SUICIDAL
Su"i*ci`dal, a.
Defn: Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide.
— Su"i*ci`dal*ly, adv.
SUICIDE Su"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. sui of one's self (akin to suus one's own) + caedere to slay, to kill. Cf. So, adv., Homicide.]
1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind.
2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.
3. Ruin of one's own interests. "Intestine war, which may be justly called political suicide." V. Knox.
SUICIDICAL
Su`i*cid"i*cal, a.
Defn: Suicidal. [Obs.]
SUICIDISM
Su"i*ci*dism, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering. [R.]
SUICISM
Su"i*cism, n. Etym: [L. suus one's own.]
Defn: Selfishness; egoism. [R.] Whitlock.
SUI GENERIS
Su"i gen"e*ris. Etym: [L.]
Defn: Of his or its own kind.
SUILLAGE
Su"il*lage, n. Etym: [OF. souillage, soillage, fr. souiller, soiller.
See Soil to stain, and cf. Sullage.]
Defn: A drain or collection of filth. [Obs.] [Written also sulliage, and sullage.] Sir H. Wotton.
SUILLINE
Su"il*line, a. Etym: [L. sus hog.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a hog or the Hog family (Suidæ).
SUINE
Su"ine, n. Etym: [Cf. Suint.]
Defn: A mixture of oleomargarine with lard or other fatty ingredients. It is used as a substitute for butter. See Butterine.
SUING
Su"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suer to sweat, L. sudare.]
Defn: The process of soaking through anything. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUINGLY
Su"ing*ly, adv. Etym: [See Sue to follow.]
Defn: In succession; afterwards. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
SUINT
Su"int, n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)
Defn: A peculiar substance obtained from the wool of sheep, consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and earthy matters. It is used as a source of potash and also for the manufacture of gas.
SUIOGOTHS Su`i*o*goths", n. pl. Etym: [L. Suiones (a Teutonic tribe in what is now Sweeden) + E. Goth.]
Defn: The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note under Goths.
SUIST
Su"ist, n. Etym: [L. suus belinging to himself or to one's self.]
Defn: One who seeks for things which gratify merely himself; a selfish person; a selfist. [R.] Whitlock.
SUIT Suit, n. Etym: [OE. suite, F. suite, OF. suite, sieute, fr. suivre to follow, OF. sivre; perhaps influenced by L. secta. See Sue to follow, and cf. Sect, Suite.]
1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.]
2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain result; pursuit; endeavor. Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone. Spenser.
3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship. Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till this funereal web my labors end. Pope.
4. (Law)
Defn: The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as, a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery. I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. Shak. In England the several suits, or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds — actions personal, real, and mixed. Blackstone.
5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; — often written suite, and pronounced swet.
6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the individual objects, collectively considered, which constitute a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; — often written suite, and pronounced swet.
7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number of things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; a suit of clothes. "Two rogues in buckram suits." Shak.
8. (Playing Cards)
Defn: One of the four sets of cards which constitute a pack; — each set consisting of thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades, cubs, or diamonds. To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled suits and sequences. Cowper.
9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.] Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes again. Bacon. Out of suits, having no correspondence. [Obs.] Shak. — Suit and service (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war to follow them and do military service; — called also suit service. Blackstone. — Suit broker, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of petitioners at court. [Obs.] — Suit court (O. Eng. Law), the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord. — Suit covenant (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain court. — Suit custom (Law), a service which is owed from time immemorial. — Suit service. (Feudal Law) See Suit and service, above. — To bring suit. (Law) (a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses, to prove the plaintiff's demand. [Obs.] (b) In modern usage, to institute an action. — To follow suit. (Card Playing) See under Follow, v. t.
SUIT
Suit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suited; p. pr. & vb. n. Suiting.]
1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit the action to the word. Shak.
2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit. Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well. Dryden. Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits song of piety and thee. Prior.
3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.] So went he suited to his watery tomb. Shak.
4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his place; to suit one's taste.
SUIT
Suit, v. i.
Defn: To agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; — usually
followed by with or to.
The place itself was suiting to his care. Dryden.
Give me not an office That suits with me so ill. Addison.
Syn.
— To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match; answer.
SUITABILITY
Suit`a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.
SUITABLE
Suit"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming; agreeable; adapted; as, ornaments suitable to one's station; language suitable for the subject. — Suit"a*ble*ness, n. — Suit"a*bly, adv.
Syn. — Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable; competent; correspondent; compatible; consonant; congruous; consistent.
SUITE
Suite, n. Etym: [F. See Suit, n.]
1. A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See Suit, n., 5.
2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or clessed together; a set; as, a suite of rooms; a suite of minerals. See Suit, n., 6. Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon the king's table, and lighted his majesty through a suite of rooms till they came to a private door into the library. Boswell.
3. (Mus.)
Defn: One of the old musical forms, before the time of the more compact sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. Some composers of the present day affect the suite form.
SUITING
Suit"ing, n.
Defn: Among tailors, cloth suitable for making entire suits of clothes.
SUITOR
Suit"or, n.
1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant. She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak.
2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. Sir P. Sidney.
3. (a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc. (b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.
SUITRESS
Suit"ress, n.
Defn: A female supplicant. Rowe.
SUJI
Su"ji, n. Etym: [Hind. s.]
Defn: Indian wheat, granulated but not pulverized; a kind of semolina. [Written also soojee.]
SULA
Su"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Icel. s the gannet. See Solan goose.]
(Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of sea birds including the booby and the common gannet.
SULCATE; SULCATED Sul"cate, Sul"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. sulcatus, p.p. of sulcare to furrow, fr. sulcus a furrow.]
Defn: Scored with deep and regular furrows; furrowed or grooved; as, a sulcated stem.
SULCATION
Sul*ca"tion, n.
Defn: A channel or furrow.
SULCIFORM
Sul"ci*form, a.
Defn: Having the form of a sulcus; as, sulciform markings.
SULCUS
Sul"cus, n.; pl. Sulci. Etym: [L., a furrow.]
Defn: A furrow; a groove; a fissure.
SULEAH FISH
Su"le*ah fish`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish called burtah.
SULK
Sulk, n. Etym: [L. sulcus.]
Defn: A furrow. [Obs.]
SULK
Sulk, v. i. Etym: [See Sulkiness.]
Defn: To be silently sullen; to be morose or obstinate. T. Hook.
SULKER
Sulk"er, n.
Defn: One who sulks.
SULKILY
Sulk"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sulky manner.
SULKINESS Sulk"i*ness, n. Etym: [For sulkenness, fr. AS. solcen slothful, remiss, in asolcen, besolcen, properly p.p. of sealcan in asealcan to be weak or slothful; of uncertain origin.]
Defn: The quality or state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness; as, sulkiness of disposition.
SULKS
Sulks, n. pl.
Defn: The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to be in the sulks.
SULKY Sulk"y, a. [Compar. Sulkier; superl. Sulkiest.] Etym: [See Sulkiness, and cf. Sulky, n.]
Defn: Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic.
Syn.
— See Sullen.
SULKY Sulk"y, n.; pl. Sulkies. Etym: [From Sulky, a.; — so called from the owner's desire of riding alone.]
Defn: A light two-wheeled carriage for a single person.
Note: Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that the machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky rake, etc.
SULL Sull, n. Etym: [AS. suluh, sulh, a plow; cf. OHG. suohili a little plow.]
Defn: A plow. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
SULLAGE
Sul"lage, n. Etym: [Cf. Suillage, Sulliage.]
1. Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or highway; sewage. [Obs.] The streets were exceedingly large, well paved, having many vaults and conveyances under them for sullage. Evelyn.
2. That which sullies or defiles. [Obs.] It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to receive no tincture, sullage, or difilement from the most noisome sinks and dunghills here below. South.
3. (Founding)
Defn: The scoria on the surface of molten metal in the ladle.
4. (Hydraul. Engin.)
Defn: Silt; mud deposited by water. Sullage piece (Founding), the sprue of a casting. See Sprue, n., 1 (b).
SULLEN
Sul"len, a. Etym: [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old
French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See
Sole, a.]
1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] Wyclif (Job iii. 14).
2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. Milton. Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. Shak.
3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious. Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. Dryden.
4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor; morose. And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. Prior.
5. Obstinate; intractable. Things are as sullen as we are. Tillotson.
6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "The larger stream was placid, and even sullen, in its course." Sir W. Scott.
Syn. — Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish; fretful; ill- humored; petulant; gloomy; malign; intractable. — Sullen, Sulky. Both sullen and sulky show themselves in the demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness a temporary sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition; the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a sullen mood, and in a sulky fit. No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The dreaded east is all the wind that blows. Pope. — Sul"len*ly, adv. — Sul"len*ness, n.
SULLEN
Sul"len, n.
1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
2. pl.
Defn: Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to have the sullens. [Obs.] Shak.
SULLEN
Sul"len, v. t.
Defn: To make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.]
Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. Feltham.
SULLEVATE
Sul"le*vate, v. t. Etym: [L. sublevare to raise up. Cf. Sublevation.]
Defn: To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Daniel.
SULLIAGE
Sul"li*age, n. Etym: [Cf. Sullage, Suillage, or Sully, v. t.]
Defn: Foulness; filth. [Obs.] Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left some sulliage behind. Gov. of Tongue.
SULLY Sul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sullying.] Etym: [OE. sulien, AS. sylian, fr. sol mire; akin to G. suhle mire, sich, sühlen to wallow, Sw. söla to bemire, Dan. söle, Goth. bisaulijan to defile.]
Defn: To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken; —
used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to sully a
person's reputation.
Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke. Roscommon.
No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity. Atterbury.
SULLY
Sul"ly, v. i.
Defn: To become soiled or tarnished.
Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.
SULLY
Sul"ly, n.; pl. Sullies (.
Defn: Soil; tarnish; stain. A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies in his reputation. Spectator.
SULPHACID
Sulph*ac"id, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + acid.] (Chem.)
Defn: An acid in which, to a greater or less extent, sulphur plays a part analogous to that of oxygen in an oxyacid; thus, thiosulphuric and sulpharsenic acids are sulphacids; — called also sulphoacid. See the Note under Acid, n., 2.
SULPHAMATE
Sulph*am"ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphamic acid.
SULPHAMIC
Sulph*am"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived from, or related to, a sulphamide; specifically, designating an amido acid derivative, NH2.SO2.OH, of sulphuric acid (analogous to sulphonic acid) which is not known in the free state, but is known in its salts.
SULPHAMIDE
Sulph*am"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of amido compounds obtained by treating sulphuryl chloride with various amines.
SULPHANILIC
Sulph`a*nil"ic, a. Etym: [From sulphuric + anilene.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anilene sulphonic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.
SULPHANTIMONATE
Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphantimonic acid.
SULPHANTIMONIC
Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + antimonic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonic acid) analogous to sulpharsenic acid.
SULPHANTIMONIOUS
Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonious acid) analogous to sulpharsenious acid.
SULPHANTIMONITE
Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphantimonious acid.
SULPHARSENATE
Sulph*ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulpharsenic acid.
SULPHARSENIC
Sulph`ar*sen"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + arsenic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenic acid) analogous to arsenic acid, and known only in its salts.
SULPHARSENIOUS
Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenious acid) analogous to arsenious acid, and known only in its salts.
SULPHARSENITE
Sulph*ar"se*nite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulpharsenious acid.
SULPHATE Sul"phate, n. Etym: [NL. sulphas, sulphatis, fr. L. sulphur, sulfur, brimstone, sulphur: cf. F. sulfate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphuric acid.
SULPHATIC
Sul*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, a sulphate or sulphates.
SULPHATO-
Sul"pha*to-. (Chem.)
Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a sulphate as an ingredient in certain double salts; as, sulphato-carbonate. [R.]
SULPHAURATE
Sulph*au"rate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphauric acid.
SULPHAURIC
Sulph*au"ric, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + aurum.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of gold (aurum), known only in its salts.
SULPHIDE
Sul"phide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; — formerly
called sulphuret. Double sulphide (Chem.), a compound of two
sulphides.
— Hydrogen sulphide. (Chem.) See under Hydrogen.
— Metallic sulphide, a binary compound of sulphur with a metal.
SULPHINATE
Sul"phi*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of a sulphinic acid.
SULPHINDIGOTIC
Sulph*in`di*got"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained, as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid; — formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but properly called indigo-disulphonic acid.
SULPHINE
Sul"phine, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances having a peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine, (CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium.
SULPHINIC
Sul*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid; as, methyl sulphinic acid, CH3.SO.OH, a thick unstable liquid.
SULPHINIDE
Sul"phi*nide, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.] (Chem.)
Defn: A white or yellowish crystalline substance, C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH, produced artificially by the oxidation of a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which are inaccurately called saccharinates). I. Remsen.
SULPHION
Sul"phi*on, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + ion.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical radical, SO4, regarded as forming the acid or negative constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates in electrolytic decomposition; — so called in accordance with the binary theory of salts. [Written also sulphione.]
SULPHIONIDE
Sulph*i"on*ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A binary compound of sulphion, or one so regarded; thus, sulphuric acid, Hsulphionide.
SULPHITE
Sul"phite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfite. See Sulphur.] (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphurous acid.
SULPHO-
Sul"pho-. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) designating sulphur as an ingredient in certain compounds. Cf. Thio-.
SULPHOARSENIC
Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur and arsenic; — said of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid with the substitution of sulphur for oxygen.
SULPHOCARBONATE
Sul`pho*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a thiocarbonate.
SULPHOCARBONIC
Sul`pho*car*bon"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid, H2CSO2 (called also thiocarbonic acid), or an acid, H2CS3, analogous to carbonic acid, obtained as a yellow oily liquid of a pungent odor, and forming salts.
SULPHOCYANATE
Sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphocyanic acid; — also called thiocyanate, and formerly inaccurately sulphocyanide. Ferric sulphocyanate (Chem.), a dark red crystalline substance usually obtained in a blood-red solution, and recognized as a test for ferric iron.
SULPHOCYANIC
Sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [See Sulphur, Cyanic.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a sulphacid, HSCN, analogous to cyanic acid, and obtained as a colorless deliquescent crystalline substance, having a bitter saline taste, and not poisonous.
SULPHOCYANIDE
Sul`pho*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Sulphocyanate.
SULPHOCYANOGEN
Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Persulphocyanogen. [Obs.]
SULPHONAL
Sul"pho*nal, n. (Med.)
Defn: A substance employed as a hypnotic, produced by the union of mercaptan and acetone.
SULPHONATE
Sul"pho*nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphonic acid.
SULPHONE
Sul"phone, n. (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones, and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH.SO
SULPHONIC
Sul*phon"ic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a sulphone; — used specifically to designate any one of a series of acids (regarded as acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid) obtained by the oxidation of the mercaptans, or by treating sulphuric acid with certain aromatic bases (as benzene); as, phenyl sulphonic acid, C6H5.SO2.OH, a stable colorless crystalline substance. Sulphonic group (Chem.), the hypothetical radical, SO2.OH, the characteristic residue of sulphonic acids.
SULPHONIUM
Sul*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Sulphur + ammonium.] (Chem.)
Defn: A hypothetical radical, SH3, regarded as the type and nucleus of the sulphines.
SULPHOPHOSPHATE
Sul`pho*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.
SULPHOPHOSPHITE
Sul`pho*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.
SULPHOPHOSPHORIC
Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic, a.
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its salts.
SULPHOPHOSPHOROUS
Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical acid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid, and known in its salts.
SULPHOSALT
Sul"pho*salt`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of a sulphacid.
SULPHOSTANNATE
Sul`pho*stan"nate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphostannic acid.
SULPHOSTANNIC
Sul`pho*stan"nic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid of tin (more exactly called metasulphostannic acid), which is obtained as a dark brown amorphous substance, H
SULPHOTUNGSTATE
Sul`pho*tung"state, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt of sulphotungstic acid.
SULPHOTUNGSTIC
Sul`pho*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hypothetical sulphacid of tungsten (called also sulphowolframic acid), analogous to sulphuric acid, and known in its salts.
SULPHOVINIC
Sul`pho*vin"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F. sulfovinique.]
(Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric acid.
SULPHUR
Sul"phur, n. Etym: [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]
1. (Chem.)
Defn: A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.
Note: It is purified by distillation, and is obtained as a lemon- yellow powder (by sublimation), called flour, or flowers, of sulphur, or in cast sticks called roll sulphur, or brimstone. It burns with a blue flame and a peculiar suffocating odor. It is an ingredient of gunpowder, is used on friction matches, and in medicine (as a laxative and insecticide), but its chief use is in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur can be obtained in two crystalline modifications, in orthorhombic octahedra, or in monoclinic prisms, the former of which is the more stable at ordinary temperatures. Sulphur is the type, in its chemical relations, of a group of elements, including selenium and tellurium, called collectively the sulphur group, or family. In many respects sulphur resembles oxygen.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of yellow or orange butterflies of the subfamily Pierinæ; as, the clouded sulphur (Eurymus, or Colias, philodice), which is the common yellow butterfly of the Eastern United States. Amorphous sulphur (Chem.), an elastic variety of sulphur of a resinous appearance, obtained by pouring melted sulphur into water. On standing, it passes back into a brittle crystalline modification. — Liver of sulphur. (Old Chem.) See Hepar. — Sulphur acid. (Chem.) See Sulphacid. — Sulphur alcohol. (Chem.) See Mercaptan. — Sulphur auratum Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), a golden yellow powder, consisting of antimonic sulphide, Sb2S5, — formerly a famous nostrum. — Sulphur base (Chem.), an alkaline sulphide capable of acting as a base in the formation of sulphur salts according to the old dual theory of salts. [Archaic] — Sulphur dioxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, SO2, of a pungent, suffocating odor, produced by the burning of sulphur. It is employed chiefly in the production of sulphuric acid, and as a reagent in bleaching; — called also sulphurous anhydride, and formerly sulphurous acid. — Sulphur ether (Chem.), a sulphide of hydrocarbon radicals, formed like the ordinary ethers, which are oxides, but with sulphur in the place of oxygen. — Sulphur salt (Chem.), a salt of a sulphacid; a sulphosalt. — Sulphur showers, showers of yellow pollen, resembling sulphur in appearance, often carried from pine forests by the wind to a great distance. — Sulphur trioxide (Chem.), a white crystalline solid, SO3, obtained by oxidation of sulphur dioxide. It dissolves in water with a hissing noise and the production of heat, forming sulphuric acid, and is employed as a dehydrating agent. Called also sulphuric anhydride, and formerly sulphuric acid. — Sulphur whale. (Zoöl.) See Sulphur-bottom. — Vegetable sulphur (Bot.), lycopodium powder. See under Lycopodium.
SULPHURATE
Sul"phu*rate, a. Etym: [L. sulphuratus, sulfuratus.]
Defn: Sulphureous. [Poetic & R.] Dr. H. More.
SULPHURATE
Sul"phu*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sulphurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sulphurating.] (Chem.)
Defn: To sulphurize. [Archaic]
SULPHURATION Sul`phu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfuration, L. sulphuratio, sulfuratio, a vein of sulphur.]
Defn: The act or process of combining or impregnating with sulphur or its compounds; also, the state of being so combined or impregnated.
SULPHURATOR
Sul"phu*ra`tor, n.
Defn: An apparatus for impregnating with, or exposing to the action of, sulphur; especially, an apparatus for fumigating or bleaching by means of the fumes of burning sulphur.
SULPHUR-BOTTOM
Sul`phur-bot"tom, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A very large whalebone whale of the genus Sibbaldius, having a yellowish belly; especially, S. sulfureus of the North Pacific, and S. borealis of the North Atlantic; — called also sulphur whale.
SULPHUREITY
Sul`phu*re"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sulphureous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SULPHUREOUS
Sul*phu"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. sulphureus, sulfureus.]
Defn: Consisting of sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur, or
brimstone; impregnated with sulphur.
Her snakes united, sulphureous waters drink. Pope.
— Sul*phu"re*ous*ly, adv.
— Sul*phu"re*ous*ness, n.
SULPHURET
Sul"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A sulphide; as, a sulphuret of potassium. [Obsoles.]
SULPHURETED
Sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Combined or impregnated with sulphur; sulphurized. [Written also sulphuretted.] Sulphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Hydrogen sulphide, under Hydrogen.
SULPHURIC
Sul*phu"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfurique.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur; as, a sulphuric smell.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with the sulphurous compounds; as, sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid. (a) Sulphur trioxide (see under Sulphur); — formerly so called on the dualistic theory of salts. [Obs.] (b) A heavy, corrosive, oily liquid, H2SO4, colorless when pure, but usually yellowish or brownish, produced by the combined action of sulphur dioxide, oxygen (from the air), steam, and nitric fumes. It attacks and dissolves many metals and other intractable substances, sets free most acids from their salts, and is used in the manufacture of hydrochloric and nitric acids, of soda, of bleaching powders, etc. It is also powerful dehydrating agent, having a strong affinity for water, and eating and corroding paper, wood, clothing, etc. It is thus used in the manufacture of ether, of imitation parchment, and of nitroglycerin. It is also used in etching iron, in removing iron scale from forgings, in petroleum refining, etc., and in general its manufacture is the most important and fundamental of all the chemical industries. Formerly called vitriolic acid, and now popularly vitriol, and oil of vitriol. — Fuming sulphuric acid, or Nordhausen sulphuric acid. See Disulphuric acid, under Disulphuric. — Sulphuric anhydride, sulphur trioxide. See under Sulphur. — Sulphuric ether, common anæsthetic ether; — so called because made by the catalytic action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. See Ether, 3 (a).
SULPHURINE
Sul"phur*ine, a.
Defn: Sulphureous. [R.]
SULPHURING
Sul"phur*ing, n.
Defn: Exposure to the fumes of burning sulphur, as in bleaching; the process of bleaching by exposure to the fumes of sulphur.
SULPHURIZE
Sul"phur*ize, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To combine or impregnate with sulphur or any of its compounds; as, to sulphurize caoutchouc in vulcanizing.
SULPHUROUS Sul"phur*ous, a. Etym: [L. sulphurosus, sulfurosus: cf. F. sulfureux.]
1. Of or pertaining to sulphur.
2. (Chem.) (a) Derived from, or containing, sulphur; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with the sulphuric compounds. (b) Having the characteristic odor of sulphur dioxide, or of hydrogen sulphide, or of other sulphur compounds. Sulphurous acid. (a) Sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO3, not known in the free state except as a solution of sulphur dioxide in water, but forming a well-known series of salts (the sulphites). — Sulphurous anhydride (Chem.), sulphur dioxide. See under Sulphur.
SULPHURWORT
Sul"phur*wort`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The hog's fennel. See under Fennel.
SULPHURY
Sul"phur*y, a.
Defn: Resembling, or partaking of the nature of, sulphur; having the qualities of sulphur.
SULPHURYL
Sul"phur*yl, n. Etym: [Sulphur + -yl.] (Chem.)
Defn: The hypothetical radical SO2; — called also sulphon. Sulphuryl chloride, a chloride, pungent, fuming liquid, SO2.Cl2, obtained by the action of phosphorus pentachloride on sulphur trioxide. On treatment with water it decomposes into sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, and is hence called also sulphuric chloranhydride.
SULPHYDRATE
Sul*phy"drate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A compound, analogous to a hydrate, regarded as a salt of sulphydric acid, or as a derivative of hydrogen sulphide in which one half of the hydrogen is replaced by a base (as potassium sulphydrate, KSH), or as a hydrate in which the oxygen has been wholly or partially replaced by sulphur.
SULPHYDRIC
Sul*phy"dric, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen sulphide, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.
SULPICIAN
Sul*pi"cian, n. Etym: [So called after the parish of St. Sulpice in
Paris, of which the founder, Jean Jacques Olier, was pastor in 1643.]
(R. C. Ch.)
Defn: One of an order of priests established in France in 1642 to educate men for the ministry. The order was introduced soon afterwards into Canada, and in 1791 into the United States. [Written also Sulpitian.]
SULTAN
Sul"tan, n. Etym: [F. sultan (cf. Sp. soldan, It. sultano, soldano),
Ar. sultan sultan, dominion. Cf. Soldan.]
Defn: A ruler, or sovereign, of a Mohammedan state; specifically, the ruler of the Turks; the Padishah, or Grand Seignior; — officially so called. Sultan flower. (Bot.) See Sweet sultan, under Sweet.
SULTANA
Sul*ta"na, n. Etym: [It.]
1. The wife of a sultan; a sultaness.
2. pl.
Defn: A kind of seedless raisin produced near Smyrna in Asiatic
Turkey. Sultana bird (Zoöl.), the hyacinthine, or purple, gallinule.
See Illust. under Gallinule.
SULTANATE
Sul"tan*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sultanat.]
Defn: The rule or dominion of a sultan; sultanship.
SULTANESS
Sul"tan*ess, n.
Defn: A sultana.
SULTANIC
Sul*tan"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to a sultan.
SULTAN-RED
Sul"tan-red`, a.
Defn: Having a deep red color.
SULTANRY
Sul"tan*ry, n.
Defn: The dominions of a sultan. Bacon.
SULTANSHIP
Sul"tan*ship, n.
Defn: The office or dignity of a sultan.
SULTANY
Sul"tan*y, n.
Defn: Sultanry. [Obs.] Fuller.
SULTRILY
Sul"tri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sultry manner.
SULTRINESS
Sul"tri*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sultry.
SULTRY
Sul"try, a. [Compar. Sultrier; superl. Sultriest.] Etym: [From
Sweltry.]
1. Very hot, burning, and oppressive; as, Libya's sultry deserts. Such as, born beneath the burning sky And sultry sun, betwixt the tropics lie. Dryden.
2. Very hot and moist, or hot, close, stagnant, and oppressive, as
air.
When in the sultry glebe I faint, Or on the thirsty mountain plant.
Addison.
SULU
Su*lu", n. [Malay Suluk.]
Defn: A member of the most prominent tribe of the Moro tribes, occupying the Sulu Archipelago; also, their language.
SUM
Sum, n. Etym: [OE. summe, somme, OF. sume, some, F. somme, L. summa,
fr. summus highest, a superlative from sub under. See Sub-, and cf.
Supreme.]
1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12. Take ye the sum of all the congregation. Num. i. 2.
Note: Sum is now commonly applied to an aggregate of numbers, and number to an aggregate of persons or things.
2. A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum. "The sum of forty pound." Chaucer. With a great sum obtained I this freedom. Acts xxii. 28.
3. The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.
4. Height; completion; utmost degree. Thus have I told thee all my state, and brought My story to the sum of earthly bliss. Milton.
5. (Arith.)
Defn: A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out. Macaulay. A sum in arithmetic wherein a flaw discovered at a particular point is ipso facto fatal to the whole. Gladstone. A large sheet of paper . . . covered with long sums. Dickens. Algebraic sum, as distinguished from arithmetical sum, the aggregate of two or more numbers or quantities taken with regard to their signs, as + or -, according to the rules of addition in algebra; thus, the algebraic sum of -2, 8, and -1 is 5. — In sum, in short; in brief. [Obs.] "In sum, the gospel . . . prescribes every virtue to our conduct, and forbids every sin." Rogers.
SUM
Sum, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summed; p. pr. & vb. n. Summing.] Etym: [Cf.
F. sommer, LL. summare.]
1. To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; — usually with up. The mind doth value every moment, and then the hour doth rather sum up the moments, than divide the day. Bacon.
2. To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; — usually with up. "Go to the ant, thou sluggard," in few words sums up the moral of this fable. L'Estrange. He sums their virtues in himself alone. Dryden.
3. (Falconry)
Defn: To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or
full-grown, plumage.
But feathered soon and fledge They summed their pens [wings]. Milton.
Summing up, a compendium or abridgment; a recapitulation; a résumé; a
summary.
Syn.
— To cast up; collect; comprise; condense; comprehend; compute.
SUMAC; SUMACH Su"mac, Su"mach, n. Etym: [F. sumac, formerly sumach (cf. Sp. zumaque), fr. Ar. summaq.] [Written also shumac.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Rhus, shrubs or small trees with usually compound leaves and clusters of small flowers. Some of the species are used in tanning, some in dyeing, and some in medicine. One, the Japanese Rhus vernicifera, yields the celebrated Japan varnish, or lacquer.
2. The powdered leaves, peduncles, and young branches of certain species of the sumac plant, used in tanning and dyeing. Poison sumac. (Bot.) See under Poison.
SUMATRA LEAF
Su*ma"tra leaf.
Defn: A thin, elastic, uniformly light-colored tobacco leaf, raised in Sumatra and extensively used for cigar wrappers.
SUMATRAN
Su*ma"tran, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Sumatra or its inhabitants.
— n.
Defn: A native of Sumatra.
SUMBUL
Sum"bul, n. Etym: [Pers.]
Defn: The musky root of an Asiatic umbelliferous plant, Ferula
Sumbul. It is used in medicine as a stimulant. [Written also sumbal.]
— Sum*bul"ic, a.
SUMERIAN
Su*me"ri*an, a. [Written also Sumirian.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the region of lower Babylonia, which was anciently called Sumer, or its inhabitants or their language.
SUMERIAN
Su*me"ri*an, n. [Written also Sumirian.]
Defn: A native of lower Babylonia, anciently called Sumer.
SUMLESS
Sum"less, a.
Defn: Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable. "Sumless treasure." Pope.
SUMMARILY
Sum"ma*ri*ly, adv.
Defn: In a summary manner.
SUMMARIST
Sum"ma*rist, n.
Defn: One who summarized.
SUMMARIZE
Sum"ma*rize, v. t.
Defn: To comprise in, or reduce to, a summary; to present briefly.
Chambers.
SUMMARY
Sum"ma*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sommaire. See Sum.]
1. Formed into a sum; summed up; reduced into a narrow compass, or into few words; short; brief; concise; compendious; as, a summary statement of facts.
2. Hence, rapidly performed; quickly executed; as, a summary process; to take summary vengeance.
Syn.
— Short; brief; concise; compendious; succinct.
SUMMARY
Sum"ma*ry, n.; pl. Summaries. Etym: [F. sommaire, or L. summarium.
See Summary, a.]
Defn: A general or comprehensive statement; an abridged account; an abstract, abridgment, or compendium, containing the sum or substance of a fuller account.
SUMMATION
Sum*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sommation. See Sum, v. t.]
Defn: The act of summing, or forming a sum, or total amount; also, an
aggregate.
Of this series no summation is possible to a finite intellect. De
Quincey.
SUMMER
Sum"mer, n. Etym: [From Sum, v.]
Defn: One who sums; one who casts up an account.
SUMMER Sum"mer, n. Etym: [F. sommier a rafter, the same word as sommier a beast of burden. See Sumpter.] (Arch.)
Defn: A large stone or beam placed horizontally on columns, piers, posts, or the like, serving for various uses. Specifically: (a) The lintel of a door or window. (b) The commencement of a cross vault. (c) A central floor timber, as a girder, or a piece reaching from a wall to a girder. Called also summertree.
SUMMER
Sum"mer, n. Etym: [OE. sumer, somer, AS. sumor, sumer; akin to
OFries. sumur, D. zomer, OS. sumar, G. sommer, OHG. & Icel. sumar,
Dan. sommer, Sw. sommar, W. haf, Zend hama, Skr. sama year. *292.]
Defn: The season of the year in which the sun shines most directly upon any region; the warmest period of the year.
Note: North of the equator summer is popularly taken to include the months of June, July, and August. Astronomically it may be considered, in the northern hemisphere, to begin with the summer solstice, about June 21st, and to end with the autumnal equinox, about September 22d. Indian summer, in North America, a period of warm weather late in autumn, usually characterized by a clear sky, and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is derived probably from the custom of the Indians of using this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food. — Saint Martin's summer. See under Saint. — Summer bird (Zoöl.), the wryneck. [Prov. Eng.] — Summer colt, the undulating state of the air near the surface of the ground when heated. [Eng.] — Summer complaint (Med.), a popular term for any diarrheal disorder occurring in summer, especially when produced by heat and indigestion. — Summer coot (Zoöl.), the American gallinule. [Local, U.S.] — Summer cypress (Bot.), an annual plant (Kochia Scoparia) of the Goosefoot family. It has narrow, ciliate, crowded leaves, and is sometimes seen in gardens. — Summer duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The wood duck. (b) The garganey, or summer teal. See Illust. of Wood duck, under Wood. — Summer fallow, land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds. — Summer rash (Med.), prickly heat. See under Prickly. — Summer sheldrake (Zoöl.), the hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.] — Summer snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The common European sandpiper. (c) The green sandpiper. — Summer tanager (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Piranga rubra) native of the Middle and Southern United States. The male is deep red, the female is yellowish olive above and yellow beneath. Called also summer redbird. — Summer teal (Zoöl.), the blue-winged teal. [Local, U.S.] — Summer wheat, wheat that is sown in the spring, and matures during the summer following. See Spring wheat. — Summer yellowbird. (Zoöl.) See Yellowbird.
SUMMER
Sum"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Summered; p. pr. & vb. n. Summering.]
Defn: To pass the summer; to spend the warm season; as, to summer in
Switzerland.
The fowls shall summer upon them. Isa. xviii. 6.
SUMMER
Sum"mer, v. t.
Defn: To keep or carry through the summer; to feed during the summer; as, to summer stock.
SUMMER-FALLOW
Sum"mer-fal"low, v. t.
Defn: To plow and work in summer, in order to prepare for wheat or other crop; to plow and let lie fallow.
SUMMERHOUSE
Sum"mer*house`, n.; pl. Summerhouses (.
Defn: A rustic house or apartment in a garden or park, to be used as a pleasure resort in summer. Shak.
SUMMERLINESS
Sum"mer*li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being like summer. [R.] Fuller.
SUMMERSAULT; SUMMERSET
Sum"mer*sault, Sum"mer*set, n.
Defn: See Somersault, Somerset.
SUMMERSTIR
Sum"mer*stir`, v. t.
Defn: To summer-fallow.
SUMMERTIDE
Sum"mer*tide`, n.
Defn: Summer time.
SUMMERTREE
Sum"mer*tree`, n. Etym: [Summer a beam + tree.] (Arch.)
Defn: A summer. See 2d Summer.
SUMMERY
Sum"mer*y, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to summer; like summer; as, a summery day.
SUMMIST
Sum"mist, n.
Defn: One who sums up; one who forms an abridgment or summary. Sir E.
Dering.
SUMMIT Sum"mit, n. Etym: [F. sommet, dim. of OF. som, sum, top, from L. summum, from summus highest. See Sum, n.]
1. The top; the highest point. Fixed on the summit of the highest mount. Shak.
2. The highest degree; the utmost elevation; the acme; as, the summit of human fame.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The most elevated part of a bivalve shell, or the part in which the hinge is situated. Summit level, the highest level of a canal, a railroad, or the like, in surmounting an ascent.
SUMMITLESS
Sum"mit*less, a.
Defn: Having no summit.
SUMMITY
Sum"mit*y, n. Etym: [L. summitas, fr. summus highest: cf. F. sommité.
See Sum, n.]
1. The height or top of anything. [Obs.] Swift.
2. The utmost degree; perfection. [Obs.] Hallywell.
SUMMON Sum"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Summoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Summoning.] Etym: [OE. somonen, OF. sumundre, semondre, F. semondre, from (assumed) LL. summonêre, for L. summonere to give a hint; sub under + monere to admonish, to warn. See Monition, and cf. Submonish.]
1. To call, bid, or cite; to notify to come to appear; — often with
up.
Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood. Shak.
Trumpets summon him to war. Dryden.
2. To give notice to, or command to appear, as in court; to cite by authority; as, to summon witnesses.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: To call upon to surrender, as a fort.
Syn.
— To call; cite; notify; convene; convoke; excite; invite; bid. See
Call.
SUMMONER Sum"mon*er, n. Etym: [OE. somner, sompnour, OF. semoneor, F. semonneur. See Summon, v. t.]
Defn: One who summons; one who cites by authority; specifically, a petty officer formerly employed to summon persons to appear in court; an apparitor.
SUMMONS
Sum"mons, n.; pl. Summonses. Etym: [OE. somouns, OF. sumunse,
semonse, semonce, F. semonce, semondre to summon, OF. p.p. semons.
See Summon, v.]
1. The act of summoning; a call by authority, or by the command of a superior, to appear at a place named, or to attend to some duty. Special summonses by the king. Hallam. This summons . . . unfit either to dispute or disobey. Bp. Fell. He sent to summon the seditious, and to offer pardon; but neither summons nor pardon was regarded. Sir J. Hayward.
2. (Law)
Defn: A warning or citation to appear in court; a written notification signed by the proper officer, to be served on a person, warning him to appear in court at a day specified, to answer to the plaintiff, testify as a witness, or the like.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: A demand to surrender.
SUMMONS
Sum"mons, v. t.
Defn: To summon. [R. or Colloq.] Swift.
SUMMUM BONUM
Sum"mum bo"num. [L.] (Philos.)
Defn: The supreme or highest good, — referring to the object of human life.
SUMNER
Sum"ner, n.
Defn: A summoner. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
SUMOOM
Su*moom", n.
Defn: See Simoom.
SUMP Sump, n. Etym: [Cf. G. sumpf a sump in a mine, a swamp, akin to LG. sump, D. somp a swamp, Dan. & Sw. sump, and perhaps to E. swamp.]
1. (Metal.)
Defn: A round pit of stone, lined with clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. Ray.
2. The cistern or reservoir made at the lowest point of a mine, from which is pumped the water which accumulates there.
3. A pond of water for salt works. Knight.
4. A puddle or dirty pool. [Prov. Eng.] Sump fuse, a fuse used in blasting under water. — Sump men (Mining), the men who sink the sump in a mine.
SUMPH
Sumph, n.
Defn: A dunce; a blockhead. [Scot.]
SUMPITAN
Sum"pi*tan, n.
Defn: A kind of blowgun for discharging arrows, — used by the savages of Borneo and adjacent islands.
SUMPTER Sump"ter, n. Etym: [OF. sommetier the driver of a pack horse; akin to OF. & F. sommier a pack horse, L. sagmarius, fr. sagma a pack saddle, in LL., a load, Gr. saj, sañj, to hang on. Cf. Seam a weight, Summer a beam.]
1. The driver of a pack horse. [Obs.] Skeat.
2. A pack; a burden. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
3. An animal, especially a horse, that carries packs or burdens; a baggage horse. Holinshed.
SUMPTER
Sump"ter, a.
Defn: Carrying pack or burdens on the back; as, a sumpter horse; a sumpter mule. Bacon.
SUMPTION
Sump"tion, n. Etym: [L. sumptio, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take.]
1. A taking. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
2. (Logic)
Defn: The major premise of a syllogism.
SUMPTUARY Sump"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. sumptuarius, fr. sumptus expense, cost, fr. sumere, sumptum, to take, use, spend; sub under + emere to take, buy: cf. F. somptuaire. See Redeem.]
Defn: Relating to expense; regulating expense or expenditure. Bacon. Sumptuary laws or regulations, laws intended to restrain or limit the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc.; laws which regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of labor; laws which forbid or restrict the use of certain articles, as of luxurious apparel.
SUMPTUOSITY
Sump`tu*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sumptuositas: cf. F. somptuosité.]
Defn: Expensiveness; costliness; sumptuousness. [R.] Sir W. Raleigh.
SUMPTUOUS
Sump"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sumptuosus, fr. sumptus expanse, cost: cf.
F. somptueux. See Sumptuary.]
Defn: Involving large outlay or expense; costly; expensive; hence,
luxurious; splendid; magnificient; as, a sumptuous house or table;
sumptuous apparel.
We are too magnificient and sumptuous in our tables and attendance.
Atterbury.
She spoke, and turned her sumptuous head, with eyes Of shining
expectation fixed on mine. Tennyson.
— Sump"tu*ous*ly, adv.
— Sump"tu*ous*ness, n.
SUN
Sun, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Sunn.
SUN Sun, n. Etym: [OE. sunne, sonne, AS. sunne; akin to OFries. sunne, D. zon, OS. & OHG. sunna, G. sonne, Icel. sunna, Goth. sunna; perh. fr. same root as L. sol. *297. Cf. Solar, South.]
1. The luminous orb, the light of which constitutes day, and its absence night; the central body round which the earth and planets revolve, by which they are held in their orbits, and from which they receive light and heat. Its mean distance from the earth is about 92,500,000 miles, and its diameter about 860,000.
Note: Its mean apparent diameter as seen from the earth is 32' 4", and it revolves on its own axis once in 25photosphere, above which is an envelope consisting partly of hydrogen, called the chromosphere, which can be seen only through the spectroscope, or at the time of a total solar eclipse. Above the chromosphere, and sometimes extending out millions of miles, are luminous rays or streams of light which are visible only at the time of a total eclipse, forming the solar corona.
2. Any heavenly body which forms the center of a system of orbs.
3. The direct light or warmth of the sun; sunshine. Lambs that did frisk in the sun. Shak.
4. That which resembles the sun, as in splendor or importance; any source of light, warmth, or animation. For the Lord God is a sun and shield. Ps. lxxiv. 11. I will never consent to put out the sun of sovereignity to posterity. Eikon Basilike. Sun and planet wheels (Mach.), an ingenious contrivance for converting reciprocating motion, as that of the working beam of a steam engine, into rotatory motion. It consists of a toothed wheel (called the sun wheel), firmly secured to the shaft it is desired to drive, and another wheel (called the planet wheel) secured to the end of a connecting rod. By the motion of the connecting rod, the planet wheel is made to circulate round the central wheel on the shaft, communicating to this latter a velocity of revolution the double of its own. G. Francis. — Sun angel (Zoöl.), a South American humming bird of the genus Heliangelos, noted for its beautiful colors and the brilliant luster of the feathers of its throat. — Sun animalcute. (Zoöl.) See Heliozoa. — Sun bath (Med.), exposure of a patient to the sun's rays; insolation. — Sun bear (Zoöl.), a species of bear (Helarctos Malayanus) native of Southern Asia and Borneo. It has a small head and short neck, and fine short glossy fur, mostly black, but brownish on the nose. It is easily tamed. Called also bruang, and Malayan bear. — Sun beetle (Zoöl.), any small lustrous beetle of the genus Amara. — Sun bittern (Zoöl.), a singular South American bird (Eurypyga helias), in some respects related both to the rails and herons. It is beautifully variegated with white, brown, and black. Called also sunbird, and tiger bittern. — Sun fever (Med.), the condition of fever produced by sun stroke. — Sun gem (Zoöl.), a Brazilian humming bird (Heliactin cornutus). Its head is ornamented by two tufts of bright colored feathers, fiery crimson at the base and greenish yellow at the tip. Called also Horned hummer. — Sun grebe (Zoöl.), the finfoot. — Sun picture, a picture taken by the agency of the sun's rays; a photograph. — Sun spots (Astron.), dark spots that appear on the sun's disk, consisting commonly of a black central portion with a surrounding border of lighter shade, and usually seen only by the telescope, but sometimes by the naked eye. They are very changeable in their figure and dimensions, and vary in size from mere apparent points to spaces of 50,000 miles in diameter. The term sun spots is often used to include bright spaces (called faculæ) as well as dark spaces (called maculæ). Called also solar spots. See Illustration in Appendix. — Sun star (Zoöl.), any one of several species of starfishes belonging to Solaster, Crossaster, and allied genera, having numerous rays. — Sun trout (Zoöl.), the squeteague. — Sun wheel. (Mach.) See Sun and planet wheels, above. — Under the sun, in the world; on earth. "There is no new thing under the sun." Eccl. i. 9.
Note: Sun is often used in the formation of compound adjectives of obvious meaning; as, sun-bright, sun-dried, sun-gilt, sunlike, sun- lit, sun-scorched, and the like.
SUN
Sun, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Sunning.]
Defn: To expose to the sun's rays; to warm or dry in the sun; as, to sun cloth; to sun grain. Then to sun thyself in open air. Dryden.
SUNBEAM
Sun"beam`, n. Etym: [AS. sunnebeam.]
Defn: A beam or ray of the sun. "Evening sunbeams." Keble.
Thither came Uriel, gliding through the even On a sunbeam. Milton.
SUNBIRD Sun"bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of small brilliantly colored birds of the family Nectariniidæ, native of Africa, Southern Asia, the East Indies, and Australia. In external appearance and habits they somewhat resemble humming birds, but they are true singing birds (Oscines). (b) The sun bittern.
SUNBLINK
Sun"blink`, n.
Defn: A glimpse or flash of the sun. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
SUNBONNET
Sun"bon"net, n.
Defn: A bonnet, generally made of some thin or light fabric, projecting beyond the face, and commonly having a cape, — worn by women as a protection against the sun.
SUNBOW
Sun"bow`, n.
Defn: A rainbow; an iris. Byron.
SUNBURN Sun"burn`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sunburned or Sunburnt (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sunburning.]
Defn: To burn or discolor by the sun; to tan.
Sunburnt and swarthy though she be. Dryden.
SUNBURN
Sun"burn`, n.
Defn: The burning or discoloration produced on the skin by the heat of the sun; tan.
SUN-BURNER
Sun"-burn`er, n.
Defn: A circle or cluster of gas-burners for lighting and ventilating public buildings.
SUNBURNING
Sun"burn`ing, n.
Defn: Sunburn; tan. Boyle.
SUNBURST
Sun"burst`, n.
Defn: A burst of sunlight.
SUNCUP
Sun"cup`, n.
Defn: A yellow flowered evening primrose (Taraxia, syn. Onothera, ovata) native of California.
SUNDART
Sun"dart`, n.
Defn: Sunbeam. [R.] Mrs. Hemans.
SUNDAY Sun"day, n. Etym: [AS. sunnandæg; sunne, gen. sunnan, the sun + dæg day; akin to D. zondag, G. sonntag; — so called because this day was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship. See Sun, and Day.]
Defn: The first day of the week, — consecrated among Christians to
rest from secular employments, and to religious worship; the
Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day. Advent Sunday, Low Sunday, Passion
Sunday, etc. See under Advent, Low, etc.
Syn.
— See Sabbath.
SUNDAY
Sun"day, a.
Defn: Belonging to the Christian Sabbath. Sunday letter. See
Dominical letter, under Dominical.
— Sunday school. See under School.
SUNDER Sun"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sundered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sundering.] Etym: [OE. sundren, AS. sundrain (in asundrain, gesundrain), from sundor asunder, separately, apart; akin to D. zonder, prep., without, G. sonder separate, as prep., without, sondern but, OHG. suntar separately, Icel. sundr asunder, Sw. & Dan. sönder, Goth. sundro alone, separately.]
Defn: To disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cutting, or breaking; to part; to put or keep apart; to separate; to divide; to sever; as, to sunder a rope; to sunder a limb; to sunder friends. It is sundered from the main land by a sandy plain. Carew.
SUNDER
Sun"der, v. i.
Defn: To part; to separate. [R.] Shak.
SUNDER
Sun"der, n. Etym: [See Sunder, v. t., and cf. Asunder.]
Defn: A separation into parts; a division or severance. In sunder, into parts. "He breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder." Ps. xlvi. 9.
SUNDER
Sun"der, v. t.
Defn: To expose to the sun and wind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
SUNDEW
Sun"dew`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the genus Drosera, low bog plants whose leaves are beset with pediceled glands which secrete a viscid fluid that glitters like dewdrops and attracts and detains insects. After an insect is caught, the glands curve inward like tentacles and the leaf digests it. Called also lustwort.
SUNDIAL
Sun"di`al, n.
Defn: An instrument to show the time of day by means of the shadow of a gnomon, or style, on a plate. Sundial shell (Zoöl.), any shell of the genus Solarium. See Solarium.
SUNDOG
Sun"dog`, n. (Meteorol.)
Defn: A luminous spot occasionally seen a few degrees from the sun, supposed to be formed by the intersection of two or more halos, or in a manner similar to that of halos.
SUNDOWN
Sun"down`, n.
1. The setting of the sun; sunset. "When sundown skirts the moor." Tennyson.
2. A kind of broad-brimmed sun hat worn by women.
SUNDOWNER
Sun"down`er, n.
Defn: A tramp or vagabond in the Australian bush; — so called from his coming to sheep stations at sunset of ask for supper and a bed, when it is too late to work; — called also traveler and swagman (but not all swagmen are sundowners).
Sundowners, — men who loaf about till sunset, and then come in with the demand for unrefusable rations. Francis Adams.
SUN-DRIED
Sun"-dried`, a.
Defn: Dried by the heat of the sun. "Sun-dried brick." Sir T.
Herbert.
SUNDRIES
Sun"dries, n. pl.
Defn: Many different or small things; sundry things.
SUNDRILY
Sun"dri*ly, adv.
Defn: In sundry ways; variously.
SUNDROPS
Sun"drops`, n. [Sun + drop.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any one of the several species of Kneiffia, esp. K. fruticosa (syn. Onothera fruticosa), of the Evening-primrose family, having flowers that open by daylight.
SUNDRY Sun"dry, a. Etym: [OE. sundry, sondry, AS. syndrig, fr. sundor asunder. See Sunder, v. t.]
1. Several; divers; more than one or two; various. "Sundry wines."
Chaucer. "Sundry weighty reasons." Shak.
With many a sound of sundry melody. Chaucer.
Sundry foes the rural realm surround. Dryden.
2. Separate; diverse. [Obs.] Every church almost had the Bible of a sundry translation. Coleridge. All and sundry, all collectively, and each separately.
SUNDRYMAN
Sun"dry*man, n.; pl. Sundrymen (.
Defn: One who deals in sundries, or a variety of articles.
SUNFISH Sun"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A very large oceanic plectognath fish (Mola mola, Mola rotunda, or Orthagoriscus mola) having a broad body and a truncated tail. (b) Any one of numerous species of perch-like North American fresh- water fishes of the family Centrachidæ. They have a broad, compressed body, and strong dorsal spines. Among the common species of the Eastern United States are Lepomis gibbosus (called also bream, pondfish, pumpkin seed, and sunny), the blue sunfish, or dollardee (L. pallidus), and the long-eared sunfish (L. auritus). Several of the species are called also pondfish. (c) The moonfish, or bluntnosed shiner. (d) The opah. (e) The basking, or liver, shark. (f) Any large jellyfish.
SUNFLOWER
Sun"flow`er, n.
Defn: Any plant of the genus Helianthus; — so called probably from the form and color of its flower, which is large disk with yellow rays. The commonly cultivated sunflower is Helianthus annuus, a native of America.
SUNFLOWER STATE
Sun"flow`er State.
Defn: Kansas; a nickname.
SUNG
Sung,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sing.
SUNGLASS
Sun"glass`, n.; pl. Sunglasses (.
Defn: A convex lens of glass for producing heat by converging the sun's rays into a focus. "Lighting a cigar with a sunglass." Hawthorne.
SUNGLOW
Sun"glow`, n.
Defn: A rosy flush in the sky seen after sunset.
SUNK
Sunk,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Sink. Sunk fence, a ditch with a retaining wall, used to divide lands without defacing a landscape; a ha-ha.
SUNKEN
Sunk"en, a.
Defn: Lying on the bottom of a river or other water; sunk.
SUNLESS
Sun"less, a.
Defn: Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
The sunken glen whose sunless shrubs must weep. Byron.
SUNLIGHT
Sun"light`, n.
Defn: The light of the sun. Milton.
SUNLIKE
Sun"like`, a.
Defn: Like or resembling the sun. "A spot of sunlike brilliancy."
Tyndall.
SUNLIT
Sun"lit`, a.
Defn: Lighted by the sun.
SUNN
Sunn, n. Etym: [Hind. san, fr. Skr. çana.] (Bot.)
Defn: An East Indian leguminous plant (Crotalaria juncea) and its fiber, which is also called sunn hemp. [Written also sun.]
SUNNA
Sun"na, n. Etym: [Ar. sunnah rule, law.]
Defn: A collection of traditions received by the orthodox Mohammedans as of equal authority with the Koran.
SUNNIAH
Sun"ni*ah, n.
Defn: One of the sect of Sunnites.
SUNNINESS
Sun"ni*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being sunny.
SUNNITE
Sun"nite, n.
Defn: One of the orthodox Mohammedans who receive the Sunna as of equal importance with the Koran.
SUNNUD
Sun"nud, n. Etym: [Hind., fr. Ar. sanad.]
Defn: A charter or warrant; also, a deed of gift. [India]
SUNNY
Sun"ny, a. [Compar. Sunnier; superl. Sunniest.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant. "Sunny beams." Spenser. "Sunny locks." Shak.
2. Exposed to the rays of the sun; brightened or warmed by the direct rays of the sun; as, a sunny room; the sunny side of a hill. Her blooming mountains and her sunny shores. Addison.
3. Cheerful; genial; as, a sunny disposition. My decayed fair A sunny look of his would soon repair. Shak.
SUNNY
Sun"ny, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Sunfish (b).
SUNPROOF
Sun"proof`, a.
Defn: Impervious to the rays of the sun. "Darksome yew, sunproof."
Marston.
SUNRISE; SUNRISING
Sun"rise`, Sun"ris`ing, n.
1. The first appearance of the sun above the horizon in the morning; more generally, the time of such appearance, whether in fair or cloudy weather; as, to begin work at sunrise. "The tide of sunrise swells." Keble.
2. Hence, the region where the sun rises; the east. Which were beyond Jordan toward the sunrising. Deut. iv. 47 (Rev. Ver.) Full hot and fast the Saxon rides, with rein of travel slack, And, bending o'ev his saddle, leaves the sunrise at his back. Whittier.
SUNSET; SUNSETTING
Sun"set", Sun"set`ting, n.
1. The descent of the sun below the horizon; also, the time when the sun sets; evening. Also used figuratively. 'T is the sunset of life gives me mystical lore. Campbell.
2. Hence, the region where the sun sets; the west. Sunset shell (Zoöl.), a West Indian marine bivalve (Tellina radiata) having a smooth shell marked with radiating bands of varied colors resembling those seen at sunset or before sunrise; — called also rising sun.
SUNSHADE
Sun"shade`, n.
Defn: Anything used as a protection from the sun's rays. Specifically: (a) A small parasol. (b) An awning.
SUNSHINE
Sun"shine`, n.
1. The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give. But all sunshine, as when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator. Milton.
2. Anything which has a warming and cheering influence like that of the rays of the sun; warmth; illumination; brightness. That man that sits within a monarch's heart, And ripens in the sunshine of his favor. Shak.
SUNSHINE
Sun"shine`, a.
Defn: Sunshiny; bright. Shak. "Sunshine hours." Keble.
SUNSHINY
Sun"shin`y, a.
1. Bright with the rays of the sun; clear, warm, or pleasant; as, a sunshiny day.
2. Bright like the sun; resplendent. Flashing beams of that sunshiny shield. Spenser.
3. Beaming with good spirits; cheerful. "Her sunshiny face." Spenser.
SUNSQUALL
Sun"squall`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any large jellyfish.
SUN STAR
Sun" star`. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Sun star, under Sun.
SUNSTED
Sun"sted, n. Etym: [Sun + stead a place.]
Defn: Solstice. [Obs.] "The summer sunsted." Holland.
SUNSTONE
Sun"stone`, n. (Med.)
Defn: Aventurine feldspar. See under Aventurine.
SUNSTROKE
Sun"stroke`, n. (Med.)
Defn: Any affection produced by the action of the sun on some part of the body; especially, a sudden prostration of the physical powers, with symptoms resembling those of apoplexy, occasioned by exposure to excessive heat, and often terminating fatally; coup de soleil.
SUN-STRUCK
Sun"-struck`, a. (Med.)
Defn: Overcome by, or affected with, sunstroke; as, sun-struck soldiers.
SUNUP
Sun"up`, n.
Defn: Sunrise. [Local, U.S.] Such a horse as that might get over a good deal of ground atwixt sunup and sundown. Cooper.
SUNWARD
Sun"ward, adv.
Defn: Toward the sun.
SUNWISE
Sun"wise`, adv.
Defn: In the direction of the sun's apparent motion, or from the east southward and westward, and so around the circle; also, in the same direction as the movement of the hands of a watch lying face upward.
SUP Sup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supped; p. pr. & vb. n. Supping.] Etym: [OE. soupen to drink, AS. s; akin to D. zuipen, G. saufen, OHG. s, Icel. s, Sw. supa, Dan. söbe. Cf. Sip, Sop, Soup, Supper.]
Defn: To take into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid; to take or drink by a little at a time; to sip. There I'll sup Balm and nectar in my cup. Crashaw.
SUP
Sup, n.
Defn: A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little taken with
the lips; a sip.
Tom Thumb had got a little sup. Drayton.
SUP
Sup, v. i. Etym: [See Supper.]
Defn: To eat the evening meal; to take supper.
I do entreat that we may sup together.
SUP
Sup, v. t.
Defn: To treat with supper. [Obs.]
Sup them well and look unto them all. Shak.
SUPAWN
Su*pawn", n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.]
Defn: Boiled Indian meal; hasty pudding; mush. [Written also sepawn, sepon, and suppawn.] [Local, U.S.]
SUPE
Supe, n.
Defn: A super. [Theatrical Cant]
SUPER- Su"per-. Etym: [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. sub under, and E. over. See Over, and cf. Hyper-, Sub-, Supra-, Sur-.]
1. A prefix signifying above, over, beyond, and hence often denoting in a superior position, in excess, over and above, in addition, exceedingly; as in superimpose, supersede, supernatural, superabundance.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A prefix formerly much used to denote that the ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was present in a large, or unusually large, proportion as compared with the other ingredients; as in calcium superphosphate. It has been superseded by per-, bi-, di-, acid, etc. (as peroxide, bicarbonate, disulphide, and acid sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super-, but with sharper definition. Cf. Acid, a., Bi-, Di-, and Per-.
SUPER
Su"per, n.
Defn: A contraction of Supernumerary, in sense 2. [Theatrical Cant]
SUPERABLE Su"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. superabilis, from superare to go over, to surmount, fr. super above, over.]
Defn: Capable of being overcome or conquered; surmountable.
Antipathies are generally superable by a single effort. Johnson.
— Su"per*a*ble*ness, n.
— Su"per*a*bly, adv.
SUPERABOUND
Su`per*a*bound", v. i. Etym: [L. superabundare: cf. OF. superabonder.
See Super-, and Abound.]
Defn: To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient; as, the country superabounds with corn.
SUPERABUNDANCE Su`per*a*bun"dance, n. Etym: [L. superabundantia: cf. OF. superabondance.]
Defn: The quality or state of being superabundant; a superabundant quantity; redundancy; excess.
SUPERABUNDANT Su`per*a*bun"dant, a. Etym: [L. superabundans, p.pr. of superabundare. See Superabound.]
Defn: Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; redundant; as, superabundant zeal. — Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly, adv.
SUPERACIDULATED
Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted, a.
Defn: Acidulated to excess. [R.]
SUPERADD
Su`per*add", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superadded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superadding.] Etym: [L. superaddere. See Super-, and Add.]
Defn: To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to annex,
as something extrinsic.
The strength of any living creature, in those external motion, is
something distinct from, and superadded unto, its natural gravity.
Bp. Wilkins.
The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the
nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his plumes.
L'Estrange.
SUPERADDITION
Su`per*ad*di"tion, n.
Defn: The act of adding something in excess or something extraneous; also, something which is added in excess or extraneously. This superaddition is nothing but fat. Arbuthnot.
SUPERADVENIENT
Su`per*ad*ven"ient, a.
Defn: Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of,
something. [R.]
He has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God. Dr.
H. More.
SUPERALIMENTATION
Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of the natural appetite for it.
SUPERALTAR
Su"per*al`tar, n. (Arch.)
Defn: A raised shelf or stand on the back of an altar, on which different objects can be placed; a predella or gradino.
SUPERANGELIC
Su`per*an*gel"ic, a.
Defn: Superior to the angels in nature or rank. [R.] Milman.
SUPERANNUATE
Su`per*an"nu*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superannuated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superannuating.] Etym: [Pref. super- + L. annus a year.]
1. To impair or disquality on account of age or infirmity. Sir T. Browne.
2. To give a pension to, on account of old age or other infirmity; to cause to retire from service on a pension.
SUPERANNUATE
Su`per*an"nu*ate, v. i.
Defn: To last beyond the year; — said of annual plants. [Obs.]
Bacon.
SUPERANNUATION
Su`per*an`nu*a"tion, n.
Defn: The state of being superannuated, or too old for office or
business; the state of being disqualified by old age; decrepitude.
The world itself is in a state of superannuation. Cowper.
Slyness blinking through the watery eye of superannuation. Coleridge.
SUPERB
Su*perb", a. Etym: [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See
Super-.]
1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade.
2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations.
3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition. Superb paradise bird (Zoöl.), a bird of paradise (Paradisæa, or Lophorina, superba) having the scapulars erectile, and forming a large ornamental tuft on each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant feathers on the breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly black, with brilliant green reflections. The gorget is bright metallic green. — Superb warber. (Zoöl.) See Blue wren, under Wren. — Su*perb"ly, adv. — Su*perb"ness, n.
SUPERBIATE
Su*per"bi*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. superbiare.]
Defn: To make (a person) haughty. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.
SUPERCARBONATE
Su`per*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: A bicarbonate. [Obsoles.]
SUPERCARBURETED
Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Bicarbureted. [Written also supercarburetted.] [Obsoles.]
SUPERCARGO
Su`per*car"go, n. Etym: [Super- + cargo: cf. Sp. sobrecargo. Cf.
Surcharge.]
Defn: An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the voyage.
SUPERCARPAL
Su`per*car"pal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or in the upper part of, the carpus.
SUPERCELESTIAL Su`per*ce*les"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + celestial: cf. L. supercaelestis.]
1. Situated above the firmament, or great vault of heaven. Waterland.
2. Higher than celestial; superangelic.
SUPERCHARGE
Su`per*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supercharged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supercharging.] Etym: [Pref. super- + charge. Cf. Surcharge.] (Her.)
Defn: To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to supercharge a rose upon a fess.
SUPERCHARGE
Su`per*charge", n. (Her.)
Defn: A bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]
SUPERCHEMICAL
Su`per*chem"ic*al, a.
Defn: Above or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws. J. Le
Conte.
SUPERCHERY
Su*perch"er*y, n. Etym: [F. supercherie.]
Defn: Deceit; fraud; imposition. [Obs. & R.]
SUPERCILIARY
Su`per*cil"i*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. supercilium an eyebrow. See
Supercilious.]
1. Of or pertaining to the eyebrows; supraorbital.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a distinct streak of color above the eyes; as, the superciliary woodpecker.
SUPERCILIOUS Su`per*cil"i*ous, a. Etym: [L. superciliosus, fr. supercilium an eyebrow, pride; super over, + cilium an eyelid; probably akin to celare to conceal. Cf. Conceal.]
Defn: Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; arrogant;
as, a supercilious officer; asupercilious air; supercilious behavior.
— Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly, adv.
— Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness, n.
SUPERCILIUM
Su`per*cil"i*um, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The eyebrow, or the region of the eyebrows.
SUPERCOLUMNIATION
Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion, n. (Arch.)
Defn: The putting of one order above another; also, an architectural work produced by this method; as, the putting of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it, and Corinthian or Composite above this.
SUPERCONCEPTION
Su`per*con*cep"tion, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: Superfetation. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERCONSEQUENCE
Su`per*con"se*quence, n.
Defn: Remote consequence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERCRESCENCE
Su`per*cres"cence, n. Etym: [See Supercrescent.]
Defn: That which grows upon another growing thing; a parasite. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
SUPERCRESCENT Su`per*cres"cent, a. Etym: [L. supercrescens, p.pr. of supercrescere; super above + crescere to grow.]
Defn: Growing on some other growing thing. [R.] Johnson.
SUPERCRETACEOUS
Su`per*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Same as Supracretaceous.
SUPERCURIOUS
Su`per*cu"ri*ous, a.
Defn: Excessively curious or inquisitive. Evelyn.
SUPERDOMINANT
Su`per*dom"i*nant, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The sixth tone of the scale; that next above the dominant; — called also submediant.
SUPERDREADNOUGHT
Su`per*dread"nought`, n.
Defn: See Dreadnought, above.
SUPEREMINENCE; SUPEREMINENCY
Su`per*em"i*nence, Su`per*em"i*nen*cy, n. Etym: [L. supereminentia.]
Defn: The quality or state of being supereminent; distinguished eminence; as, the supereminence of Cicero as an orator, or Lord Chatham as a statesman. Ayliffe. He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his own supereminence. Prof. Wilson.
SUPEREMINENT
Su`per*em"i*nent, a. Etym: [L. supereminens, p.pr. of supereminere.
See Super-, and Eminent.]
Defn: Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as, a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ. — Su`per*em"i*nent*ly, adv.
SUPEREROGANT
Su`per*er"o*gant, a. Etym: [L. supererogans, p.pr. See Supererogate.]
Defn: Supererogatory. [Obs.]
SUPEREROGATE Su`per*er"o*gate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supererogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Supererogating.] Etym: [L. supererogatus, p.p. of supererogare to spend or pay out over and above; super over, above + erogare to expend or pay out money from the public treasury after asking the consent of the people. See Super-, and Erogate, Rogation.]
Defn: To do more than duty requires; to perform works of supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by means of a surplus action or quality. The fervency of one man in prayer can not supererogate for the coldness of another. Milton.
SUPEREROGATION Su`per*er`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. supererogatio a payment in addition.]
Defn: The act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or necessity requires. Works of supererogation (R. C. Ch.), those good deeds believed to have been performed by saints, or capable of being performed by men, over and above what is required for their own salvation.
SUPEREROGATIVE
Su`per*e*rog"a*tive, a.
Defn: Supererogatory.
SUPEREROGATORY
Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry, a.
Defn: Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty or necessity; as, supererogatory services. Howell.
SUPERESSENTIAL
Su`per*es*sen"tial, a.
Defn: Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing.
J. Ellis.
SUPERETHICAL
Su`per*eth"ic*al, a.
Defn: More than ethical; above ethics. Bolingbroke.
SUPEREXALT
Su`per*ex*alt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superexalted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superexalting.]
Defn: To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others. Barrow.
SUPEREXALTATION
Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Elevation above the common degree. Holyday.
SUPEREXCELLENCE
Su`per*ex"cel*lence, n.
Defn: Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.
SUPEREXCELLENT Su`per*ex"cel*lent, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + excellent: cf. L. superexcellens.]
Defn: Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent. Drayton.
SUPEREXCINATION
Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion, n.
Defn: Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.
SUPEREXCRESCENCE
Su`per*ex*cres"cence, n.
Defn: Something growing superfluously.
SUPERFAMILY
Su"per*fam`i*ly, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group intermediate between a family and a suborder.
SUPERFECUNDATION
Su`per*fec`un*da"tion, n. (Physiol.)
Defn: Fertilization of two ova, at the same menstruation, by two different acts of coition.
SUPERFECUNDITY
Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty, n.
Defn: Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.
SUPERFETATE Su`per*fe"tate, v. i. Etym: [L. superfetare; super above, over + fetare to bring forth.]
Defn: To conceive after a prior conception, but before the birth of
the offspring.
The female . . . is said to superfetate. Grew.
SUPERFETATION
Su`per*fe*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superfétation.] (Physiol.)
Defn: The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the second impregnation. In then became a superfetation upon, and not an ingredient in, the national character. Coleridge.
SUPERFETE
Su`per*fete", v. i.
Defn: To superfetate. [Obs.]
SUPERFETE
Su`per*fete", v. t.
Defn: To conceive (another fetus) after a former conception. [Obs.]
Howell.
SUPERFICE
Su"per*fice, n.
Defn: A superficies. [Obs.] Dryden.
SUPERFICIAL
Su`per*fi"cial, a. Etym: [L. superficialis: cf. F. superficiel. See
Superficies.]
1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; lying on the surface; shallow; not deep; as, a superficial color; a superficial covering; superficial measure or contents; superficial tillage.
2. Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; not deep or profound; shallow; — said especially in respect to study, learning, and the like; as, a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge. This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak. He is a presumptuous and superficial writer. Burke. That superficial judgment, which happens to be right without deserving to be so. J. H. Newman. — Su`per*fi"cial*ly, adv. — Su`per*fi"cial*ness, n.
SUPERFICIALIST
Su`per*fi"cial*ist, n.
Defn: One who attends to anything superficially; a superficial or shallow person; a sciolist; a smatterer.
SUPERFICIALITY
Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superficialité.]
Defn: The quality or state of being superficial; also, that which is superficial. Sir T. Browne.
SUPERFICIALIZE
Su`per*fi"cial*ize, v. t.
Defn: To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or
slighting way. [R.]
It is a characteristic weakness of the day to superficialize evil. E.
P. Whipple.
SUPERFICIARY
Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, n. (Rom. Law)
Defn: One to whom a right of surface occupation is granted; one who pays quitrent for a house built upon another man's ground.
SUPERFICIARY
Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; superficial.
2. (Rom. Law)
Defn: Situated or built on another man's land, as a house.
SUPERFICIES Su`per*fi"cies, n. Etym: [L., fr. super above, over + facies make, figure, shape. See Surface.]
1. The surface; the exterior part, superficial area, or face of a thing.
2. (Civil Law) (a) Everything on the surface of a piece of ground, or of a building, so closely connected by art or nature as to constitute a part of it, as houses, or other superstructures, fences, trees, vines, etc. (b) A real right consisting of a grant by a landed proprietor of a piece of ground, bearing a strong resemblance to the long building leases granted by landholders in England, in consideration of a rent, and under reservation of the ownership of the soil. Bouvier. Wharton.
SUPERFINE
Su"per*fine, a.
1. Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of extra nice or fine quality; as, superfine cloth.
2. Excessively fine; too nice; over particular; as, superfine distinctions; superfine tastes.
SUPERFINENESS
Su"per*fine`ness, n.
Defn: The state of being superfine.
SUPERFINICAL
Su`per*fin"i*cal, a.
Defn: Extremely finical.
SUPERFLUENCE Su*per"flu*ence, n. Etym: [L. superfluens, p.pr. of superfluere to flow or run over. See Superfluous.]
Defn: Superfluity. [Obs.] Hammond.
SUPERFLUITANT Su`per*flu"i*tant, a. Etym: [L. super above + fluitans, p.pr. of fluitare intensive fr. fluere to flow.]
Defn: Floating above or on the surface. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
— Su`per*flu"i*tance, n. [Obs.]
SUPERFLUITY Su`per*flu"i*ty, n.; pl. Superfluities. Etym: [L. superfluité, L. superfluitas. See Superfluous.]
1. A greater quantity than is wanted; superabundance; as, a superfluity of water; a superfluity of wealth. A quiet mediocrity is still to be preferred before a troubled superfluity. Suckling.
2. The state or quality of being superfluous; excess. "By a superfluity abominable." Chaucer.
3. Something beyond what is needed; something which serves for show or luxury.
Syn.
— Superabundance; excess; redundancy.
SUPERFLUOUS Su*per"flu*ous, a. Etym: [L. superfluus overflowing; super over, above + fluere to flow. See Super-, and Fluent.]
Defn: More than is wanted or is sufficient; rendered unnecessary by superabundance; unnecessary; useless; excessive; as, a superfluous price. Shak. An authority which makes all further argument or illustration superfluous. E. Everett. Superfluous interval (Mus.), an interval that exceeds a major or perfect interval by a semitone.
Syn.
— Unnecessary; useless; exuberant; excessive; redundant; needless.
— Su*per"flu*ous*ly, adv.
— Su*per"flu*ous*ness, n.
SUPERFLUX
Su"per*flux, n.
Defn: Superabundance; superfluity; an overflowing. [R.] Shak.
SUPERFOETATION
Su`per*foe*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Superfetation.
SUPERFOLIATION
Su`per*fo`li*a"tion, n.
Defn: Excess of foliation. Sir T. Browne.
SUPERFRONTAL
Su`per*fron"tal, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: A cloth which is placed over the top of an altar, and often hangs down a few inches over the frontal.
SUPERFUSE
Su`per*fuse", a.
Defn: To pour (something) over or on something else. [Obs.] Evelyn.
SUPERHEAT
Su`per*heat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superheated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superheating.]
1. To heat too much, to overheat; as, to superheat an oven.
2. (Steam Engine)
Defn: To heat, as steam, apart from contact with water, until it resembles a perfect gas.
SUPERHEAT
Su"per*heat`, n.
Defn: The increase of temperature communicated to steam by superheating it.
SUPERHEATER
Su"per*heat`er, n. (Steam Engine)
Defn: An apparatus for superheating steam.
SUPERHIVE
Su"per*hive`, n.
Defn: A removable upper part of a hive. The word is sometimes contracted to super.
SUPERHUMAN
Su`per*hu"man, a.
Defn: Above or beyond what is human; sometimes, divine; as, superhuman strength; superhuman wisdom.
SUPERIMPOSE
Su`per*im*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superimposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superimposing.]
Defn: To lay or impose on something else; as, a stratum of earth superimposed on another stratum. — Su`per*im`po*si"tion, n.
SUPERIMPREGNATION
Su`per*im`preg*na"tion, n.
Defn: The act of impregnating, or the state of being impregnated, in addition to a prior impregnation; superfetation.
SUPERINCUMBENCE; SUPERINCUMBENCY
Su`per*in*cum"bence, Su`per*in*cum"ben*cy, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being superincumbent.
SUPERINCUMBENT Su`per*in*cum"bent, a. Etym: [L. superincumbens, p.pr. of superincumbere. See Super-, and Incumbent.]
Defn: Lying or resting on something else.
SUPERINDUCE
Su`per*in*duce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superinduced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superinducing.] Etym: [Pref. super- + induce: cf. L. superinducere to
draw over.]
Defn: To bring in, or upon, as an addition to something. Long custom of sinning superinduces upon the soul new and absurd desires. South.
SUPERINDUCEMENT
Su`per*in*duce"ment, n.
Defn: Superinduction.
SUPERINDUCTION
Su`per*in*duc"tion, n.
Defn: The act of superinducing, or the state of being superinduced.
South.
SUPERINFUSE Su`per*in*fuse", v. t. Etym: [Pref. super- + infuse: cf. L. superinfundere, superinfusum, to pour over.]
Defn: To infuse over. [R.]
SUPERINJECTION
Su`per*in*jec"tion, n.
Defn: An injection succeeding another.
SUPERINSPECT Su`per*in*spect", v. t. Etym: [Pref. super- + inspect: cf. L. superinspicere, superinspectum.]
Defn: To over see; to superintend by inspection. [R.] Maydman.
SUPERINSTITUTION
Su`per*in`sti*tu"tion, n.
Defn: One institution upon another, as when A is instituted and admitted to a benefice upon a title, and B instituted and admitted upon the presentation of another. Bailey.
SUPERINTELLECTUAL
Su`per*in`tel*lec"tu*al, a.
Defn: Being above intellect.
SUPERINTEND
Su`per*in*tend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superintended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superintending.] Etym: [L. superintendere. See Super-, and Intend.]
Defn: To have or exercise the charge and oversight of; to oversee with the power of direction; to take care of with authority; to supervise; as, an officer superintends the building of a ship or the construction of a fort. The king may appoint a council, who may superintend the works of this nature. Bacon.
Syn. — Superintend, Supervise. These words in general use are the synonymous. As sometimes used, supervise implies the more general, and superintend, the more particular and constant, inspection or direction. Among architects there is a disposition to use the word supervise in the sense of a general oversight of the main points of construction with reference to the design, etc., and to employ the word superintend to signify a constant, careful attention to all the details of construction. But this technical distinction is not firmly established.
SUPERINTENDENCE
Su`per*in*tend"ence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superintendance.]
Defn: The act of superintending; care and oversight for the purpose of direction; supervision. Barrow.
Syn.
— Inspection; oversight; care; direction; control; guidance.
SUPERINTENDENCY
Su`per*in*tend"en*cy, n.; pl. -cies (.
Defn: The act of superintending; superintendence. Boyle.
SUPERINTENDENT
Su`per*in*tend"ent, a. Etym: [L. superintendens, p.pr. See
Superintend.]
Defn: Overseeing; superintending.
SUPERINTENDENT Su`per*in*tend"ent, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. superintendant, F. surintendant. Cf. Surintendant.]
Defn: One who has the oversight and charge of some place, institution, or organization, affairs, etc., with the power of direction; as, the superintendent of an almshouse; the superintendent of public works.
Syn.
— Inspector; overseer; manager; director; curator; supervisor.
SUPERINTENDER
Su`per*in*tend"er, n.
Defn: A superintendent. [R.]
SUPERINVESTITURE
Su`per*in*vest"i*ture, n.
Defn: An outer vestment or garment. [R.] Bp. Horne.
SUPERIOR Su*pe"ri*or, a. Etym: [L., compar. of superus being above, fr. super above, over: cf. F. supérieur. See Super-, and cf. Supreme.]
1. More elevated in place or position; higher; upper; as, the superior limb of the sun; the superior part of an image.
2. Higher in rank or office; more exalted in dignity; as, a superior officer; a superior degree of nobility.
3. Higher or greater in excellence; surpassing others in the greatness, or value of any quality; greater in quality or degree; as, a man of superior merit; or of superior bravery.
4. Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or affected by; — with to. There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy than a great man superior to his sufferings. Spectator.
5. More comprehensive; as a term in classification; as, a genus is superior to a species.
6. (Bot.) (a) Above the ovary; — said of parts of the flower which, although normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and so appear to originate from its upper part; also of an ovary when the other floral organs are plainly below it in position, and free from it. (b) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is toward the main stem; posterior. (c) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit; ascending; — said of the radicle. Superior conjunction, Superior planets, etc. See Conjunction, Planet, etc. — Superior figure, Superior letter (Print.), a figure or letter printed above the line, as a reference to a note or an index of a power, etc; as, in x2 + yn, 2 is a superior figure, n a superior letter. Cf. Inferior figure, under Inferior.
SUPERIOR
Su*pe"ri*or, n.
1. One who is above, or surpasses, another in rank, station, office, age, ability, or merit; one who surpasses in what is desirable; as Addison has no superior as a writer of pure English.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: The head of a monastery, convent, abbey, or the like.
SUPERIORESS
Su*pe"ri*or*ess, n. (Eccl.)
Defn: A woman who acts as chief in a convent, abbey, or nunnery; a lady superior.
SUPERIORITY
Su*pe`ri*or"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. supériorité, LL. superioritas.]
Defn: The quality, state, or condition of being superior; as, superiority of rank; superiority in merit.
Syn. — Preëminence; excellence; predominancy; prevalence; ascendency; odds; advantage.
SUPERIORLY
Su*pe"ri*or*ly, adv.
Defn: In a superior position or manner.
SUPERJACENT Su`per*ja"cent, a. Etym: [L. superjacens, p.pr. of superjacere; super above + jacere to lie.]
Defn: Situated immediately above; as, superjacent rocks.
SUPERLATION
Su`per*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. superlatio. See Superlative.]
Defn: Exaltation of anything beyond truth or propriety. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.
SUPERLATIVE Su`per*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. superlativus, fr. superlatus excessive, used as p.p. of superiorferre, but from a different root: cf. F. superlatif. See Elate, Tolerate.]
1. Lifted up to the highest degree; most eminent; surpassing all other; supreme; as, superlative wisdom or prudence; a woman of superlative beauty; the superlative glory of the divine character.
2. (Gram.)
Defn: Expressing the highest or lowest degree of the quality, manner, etc., denoted by an adjective or an adverb. The superlative degree is formed from the positive by the use of -est, most, or least; as, highest, most pleasant, least bright. — Su`per*la"tive*ly, adv. — Su`per*la"tive*ness, n.
SUPERLATIVE
Su`per*la"tive, n.
1. That which is highest or most eminent; the utmost degree.
2. (Gram.) (a) The superlative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, a form or word by which the superlative degree is expressed; as, strongest, wisest, most stormy, least windy, are all superlatives. Absolute superlative, a superlative in an absolute rather than in a comparative or exclusive sense. See Elative.
SUPERLUCRATION
Su`per*lu*cra"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. lucratio gain.]
Defn: Excessive or extraordinary gain. [Obs.] Davenant.
SUPERLUNAR; SUPERLUNARY
Su`per*lu"nar, Su`per*lu"na*ry, a.
Defn: Being above the moon; not belonging to this world; — opposed
to sublunary.
The head that turns at superlunar things. Pope.
SUPERMAN
Su"per*man`, n.
Defn: = Overman, above.
SUPERMATERIAL
Su`per*ma*te"ri*al, a.
Defn: Being above, or superior to, matter.
SUPERMAXILLA
Su`per*max*il"la, n. Etym: [NL. See Super-, and Maxilla.] (Anat.)
Defn: The supermaxilla.
SUPERMAXILLARY
Su`per*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Supermaxillary.
SUPERMEDIAL
Su`per*me"di*al, a.
Defn: Above the middle.
SUPERMUNDANE
Su`per*mun"dane, a.
Defn: Being above the world; — opposed to inframundane. Cudworth.
SUPERMUNDIAL
Su`per*mun"di*al, a.
Defn: Supermundane. [Obs.]
SUPERNACULAR
Su`per*nac"u*lar, a.
Defn: Like supernaculum; first-rate; as, a supernacular wine. [R.]
Thackeray.
SUPERNACULUM Su`per*nac"u*lum, adv. & n. Etym: [NL., from L. super over + G. nagel, a nail, as of the finger, or a corruption of L. super and ungulam claw.]
1. A kind of mock Latin term intended to mean, upon the nail; — used formerly by topers. Nares. Drinking super nagulum [supernaculum], a device of drinking, new come out of France, which is, after a man hath turned up the bottom of the cup, to drop it on his nail and make a pearl with that is left; which if it slide, and he can not make it stand on by reason there is too much, he must drink again for his penance. Nash.
2. Good liquor, of which not enough is left to wet one's nail. Grose.
SUPERNAL
Su*per"nal, a. Etym: [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel.
See Super-.]
1. Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the supernal orbs; supernal regions. "That supernal judge." Shak.
2. Relating or belonging to things above; celestial; heavenly; as, supernal grace. Not by the sufferance of supernal power. Milton.
SUPERNATANT Su`per*na"tant, a. Etym: [L. supernatanus, p.pr. of supernatare to swim above; super above + natare to swim.]
Defn: Swimming above; floating on the surface; as, oil supernatant on
water. SUPERNATANT
Su`per*na"tant, n. (Chem.)
Defn: The liquid remaining after solids suspended in a liquid have been sedimented by gravity or by centrifugation. Contrasted with the solid sediment, or (in centrifugation) the pellet.
SUPERNATATION
Su`per*na*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of floating on the surface of a fluid. Sir T. Browne.
SUPERNATURAL Su`per*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + natural: cf. OF. supernaturel, F. surnaturel.]
Defn: Being beyond, or exceeding, the power or laws of nature; miraculous.
Syn. — Preternatural. — Supernatural, Preternatural. Preternatural signifies beside nature, and supernatural, above or beyond nature. What is very greatly aside from the ordinary course of things is preternatural; what is above or beyond the established laws of the universe is supernatural. The dark day which terrified all Europe nearly a century ago was preternatural; the resurrection of the dead is supernatural. "That form which the earth is under at present is preternatural, like a statue made and broken again." T. Burnet. "Cures wrought by medicines are natural operations; but the miraculous ones wrought by Christ and his apostles were supernatural." Boyle. That is supernatural, whether it be, that is either not in the chain of natural cause and effect, or which acts on the chain of cause and effect in nature, from without the chain. Bushnell. We must not view creation as supernatural, but we do look upon it as miraculous. McCosh. The supernatural, whatever is above and beyond the scope, or the established course, of the laws of nature. "Nature and the supernatural." H. Bushnell.
SUPERNATURALISM
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ism, n.
1. The quality or state of being supernatural; supernaturalness.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: The doctrine of a divine and supernatural agency in the production of the miracles and revelations recorded in the Bible, and in the grace which renews and sanctifies men, — in opposition to the doctrine which denies the agency of any other than physical or natural causes in the case. [Written also supranaturalism.]
SUPERNATURALIST
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ist, n.
Defn: One who holds to the principles of supernaturalism.
SUPERNATURALISTIC
Su`per*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism.
SUPERNATURALITY
Su`per*nat`u*ral"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being supernatural.
SUPERNATURALIZE
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ize, v. t.
Defn: To treat or regard as supernatural.
SUPERNATURALLY
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ly, adv.
Defn: In a supernatural manner.
SUPERNATURALNESS
Su`per*nat"u*ral*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being supernatural.
SUPERNUMERARY Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. supernumerarius: cf. OF. supernuméraire, F. surnuméraire. See Super-, and Numerary, Number.]
1. Exceeding the number stated or prescribed; as, a supernumerary officer in a regiment.
2. Exceeding a necessary, usual, or required number or quality; superfluous; as, supernumerary addresses; supernumerary expense. Addison.
SUPERNUMERARY
Su`per*nu"mer*a*ry, n.; pl. Supernumeraries (.
1. A person or thing beyond the number stated.
2. A person or thing beyond what is necessary or usual; especially, a person employed not for regular service, but only to fill the place of another in case of need; specifically, in theaters, a person who is not a regular actor, but is employed to appear in a stage spectacle.
SUPEROCCIPITAL
Su`per*oc*cip"i*tal, a.
Defn: Supraoccipital.
SUPERORDER
Su`per*or"der, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group intermediate in importance between an order and a subclass.
SUPERORDINATION Su`per*or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + ordination: cf. L. superordinatio.]
Defn: The ordination of a person to fill a station already occupied; especially, the ordination by an ecclesiastical official, during his lifetime, of his successor. Fuller.
SUPEROXIDE
Su`per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)
Defn: See Peroxide. [Obs.]
SUPERPARTICULAR
Su`per*par*tic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. superparticularis. See Super-, and
Particular.] (Math.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is a unit, as the ratio of 1 to 2, or of 3 to 4. [Obs.] Hutton.
SUPERPARTIENT Su`per*par"tient, a. Etym: [L. superpartiens; super over + partiens, p.pr. of partire to divide.] (Math.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a ratio when the excess of the greater term over the less is more than a unit, as that of 3 to 5, or 7 to 10. [Obs.] Hutton.
SUPERPHOSPHATE
Su`per*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acid phosphate. Superphosphate of lime (Com. Chem.), a fertilizer obtained by trating bone dust, bone black, or phosphorite with sulphuric acid, whereby the insoluble neutral calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, is changed to the primary or acid calcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2, which is soluble and therefore available for the soil.
SUPERPHYSICAL
Su`per*phys"ic*al, a.
Defn: Above or beyond physics; not explainable by physical laws.
Something superphysical and superchemical. J. Le Conte.
SUPERPLANT
Su"per*plant`, n.
Defn: A plant growing on another, as the mistletoe; an epiphyte.
[Obs.] Bacon.
SUPERPLEASE
Su`per*please", v. t.
Defn: To please exceedingly. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SUPERPLUS
Su"per*plus, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. plus more. See Surplus.]
Defn: Surplus. [Obs.] Goldsmith.
SUPERPLUSAGE
Su"per*plus`age, n.
Defn: Surplusage. [Obs.] "There yet remained a superplusage." Bp.
Fell.
SUPERPOLITIC
Su`per*pol"i*tic, a.
Defn: More than politic; above or exceeding policy. Milton.
SUPERPONDERATE
Su`per*pon"der*ate, v. t.
Defn: To wiegh over and above. [Obs.]
SUPERPOSABLE
Su`per*pos"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being superposed, as one figure upon another.
SUPERPOSE
Su`per*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superposed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superposing.] Etym: [F. superposer. See Super-, and Pose.]
1. To lay upon, as one kind of rock on another.
2. (Geom.)
Defn: To lay (a figure) upon another in such a manner that all the parts of the one coincide with the parts of the other; as, to superpose one plane figure on another.
SUPERPOSITION
Su`per*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superposition. See Super-, and
Position.]
Defn: The act of superposing, or the state of being superposed; as, the superposition of rocks; the superposition of one plane figure on another, in geometry.
SUPERPRAISE
Su`per*praise", v. t.
Defn: To praise to excess.
To vow, and swear, and superpraise my parts. Shak.
SUPERPROPORTION
Su`per*pro*por"tion, n.
Defn: Overplus or excess of proportion. Sir K. Digby.
SUPERPURGATION
Su`per*pur*ga"tion, n.
Defn: Excessive purgation. Wiseman.
SUPERREFLECTION
Su`per*re*flec"tion, n.
Defn: The reflection of a reflected image or sound. [R.] Bacon.
SUPERREGAL
Su`per*re"gal, a.
Defn: More than regal; worthy of one greater than a king. Waterland.
SUPERREWARD
Su`per*re*ward", v. t.
Defn: To reward to an excessive degree. Bacon.
SUPERROYAL
Su`per*roy"al, a.
Defn: Larger than royal; — said of a particular size of printing and writing paper. See the Note under Paper, n.
SUPERSACRAL
Su`per*sa"cral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the sacrum.
SUPERSALIENCY
Su`per*sa"li*en*cy, n.
Defn: The act of leaping on anything. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPERSALIENT Su`per*sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + L. saliens p.pr. of salire to leap.]
Defn: Leaping upon. [Obs.]
SUPERSALT
Su`per*salt", n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acid salt. See Acid salt (a), under Salt, n.
SUPERSATURATE
Su`per*sat"u*rate, v. t.
Defn: To add to beyond saturation; as, to supersaturate a solution.
SUPERSATURATION
Su`per*sat`u*ra"tion, n.
Defn: The operation of supersaturating, or the state of being supersaturated.
SUPERSCRIBE
Su`per*scribe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superscribed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Superscribing.] Etym: [L. superscribere, superscriptum; super over +
scribere to write. See Super-, and Scribe.]
Defn: To write or engrave (a name, address, inscription, or the like) on the top or surface; to write a name, address, or the like, on the outside or cover of (anything); as, to superscribe a letter.
SUPERSCRIPT
Su"per*script, n.
Defn: Superscription. [Obs.] "I will overglance the superscript."
Shak.
SUPERSCRIPTION
Su`per*scrip"tion, n. Etym: [L. superscriptio. See Superscribe.]
1. The act of superscribing.
2. That which is written or engraved on the surface, outside, or above something else; specifically, an address on a letter, envelope, or the like. Holland. The superscription of his accusation was written over, The King of the Jews. Mark xv. 26.
3. (Pharm.)
Defn: That part of a prescription which contains the Latin word recipe (Take) or the sign
SUPERSECULAR
Su`per*sec"u*lar, a.
Defn: Being above the world, or secular things. Bp. Hall.
SUPERSEDE Su`per*sede", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Superseded; p. pr. & vb. n. Superseding.] Etym: [L. supersedere, supersessum, to sit above, be superior to, forbear, omit; super above + sedere to sit: cf. F. superséder. See Sit, and cf. Surcease.]
1. To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace.
2. To displace, or set aside, and put another in place of; as, to supersede an officer.
3. To make void, inefficacious, or useless, by superior power, or by coming in the place of; to set aside; to render unnecessary; to suspend; to stay. Nothing is supposed that can supersede the known laws of natural motion. Bentley.
4. (Old Law)
Defn: To omit; to forbear.
SUPERSEDEAS Su`per*se"de*as, n. Etym: [L., suspend, set aside, stay, 2d pers. sing. present subjunctive of supersedere. See Supersede.] (Law)
Defn: A writ of command to suspend the powers of an officer in certain cases, or to stay proceedings under another writ. Blackstone.
SUPERSEDURE
Su*per*se"dure, n.
Defn: The act of superseding, or setting aside; supersession; as, the supersedure of trial by jury. A. Hamilton.
SUPERSEMINATE
Su`per*sem"i*nate, v. t.
Defn: To sow, as seed, over something previously sown. [Obs.] That can not be done with joy, when it shall be indifferent to any man to superseminate what he please. Jer. Taylor.
SUPERSEMINATION
Su`per*sem`i*na"tion, n.
Defn: The sowing of seed over seed previously sown. [Obs.] Abp.
Bramhall.
SUPERSENSIBLE Su`per*sen"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + sensible: cf. F. supersensible.]
Defn: Beyond the reach of the senses; above the natural powers of perception.
SUPERSENSITIVE
Su`per*sen"si*tive, a.
Defn: Excessively sensitive; morbidly sensitive.
— Su`per*sen"si*tive*ness, n.
SUPERSENSUAL
Su`per*sen"su*al, a.
Defn: Supersensible.
SUPERSENSUOUS
Su`per*sen"su*ous, a.
1. Supersensible.
2. Excessively sensuous.
SUPERSERVICEABLE
Su`per*serv"ice*a*ble, a.
Defn: Overofficious; doing more than is required or desired. "A superserviceable, finical rogue." Shak.
SUPERSESSION
Su`per*ses"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. supersession. See Supersede.]
Defn: The act of superseding, or the state of being superseded;
supersedure.
The general law of diminishing return from land would have undergone,
to that extent, a temporary supersession. J. S. Mill.
SUPERSOLAR
Su`per*so"lar, a.
Defn: Above the sun. Emerson.
SUPERSPHENOIDAL
Su`per*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the body of the sphenoid bone.
SUPERSPINOUS
Su`per*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Supraspinuos.
SUPERSTITION Su`per*sti"tion, n. Etym: [F. superstition, L. superstitio, originally, a standing still over or by a thing; hence, amazement, wonder, dread, especially of the divine or supernatural, fr. superstare to stand over; super over + stare to stand. See Super-, and Stand.]
1. An excessive reverence for, or fear of, that which is unknown or mysterious.
2. An ignorant or irrational worship of the Supreme Deity; excessive exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice; extreme and unnecessary scruples in the observance of religious rites not commanded, or of points of minor importance; also, a rite or practice proceeding from excess of sculptures in religion. And the truth With superstitions and traditions taint. Milton.
3. The worship of a false god or gods; false religion; religious veneration for objects. [The accusers] had certain questions against him of their own superstition. Acts xxv. 19.
4. Belief in the direct agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or singular events, or in magic, omens, prognostics, or the like.
5. Excessive nicety; scrupulous exactness.
Syn. — Fanaticism. — Superstition, Fanaticism. Superstition springs from religious feeling misdirected or unenlightened. Fanaticism arises from this same feeling in a state of high-wrought and self-confident excitement. The former leads in some cases to excessive rigor in religious opinions or practice; in others, to unfounded belief in extraordinary events or in charms, omens, and prognostics, hence producing weak fears, or excessive scrupulosity as to outward observances. The latter gives rise to an utter disregard of reason under the false assumption of enjoying a guidance directly inspired. Fanaticism has a secondary sense as applied to politics, etc., which corresponds to the primary.
SUPERSTITIONIST
Su`per*sti"tion*ist, n.
Defn: One addicted to superstition. [Obs.] "Blind superstitionists."
Dr. H. More.
SUPERSTITIOUS
Su`per*sti"tious, a. Etym: [F. superstitieux, L. superstitiosus.]
1. Of or pertaining to superstition; proceeding from, or manifesting, superstition; as, superstitious rites; superstitious observances.
2. Evincing superstition; overscrupulous and rigid in religious observances; addicted to superstition; full of idle fancies and scruples in regard to religion. Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious. Acts xvii. 22.
3. Overexact; scrupulous beyond need. Superstitious use (Law), the use of a gift or bequest, as of land, etc., for the maintenance of the rites of a religion not tolerated by the law. [Eng.] Mozley & W. — Su`per*sti"tious*ly, adv. — Su`per*sti"tious*ness, n.
SUPERSTRAIN
Su`per*strain", v. t.
Defn: To overstrain. Bacon.
SUPERSTRATUM
Su`per*stra"tum, n.; pl. Superstrata (. Etym: [NL.: cf. L.
supersternere, superstratum, to spread upon. See Super-, and
Stratum.]
Defn: A stratum, or layer, above another.
SUPERSTRUCT
Su`per*struct", v. t. Etym: [L. superstructus, p.p. of superstruere
to build upon; super over + struere to build. See Super-, and
Structure.]
Defn: To build over or upon another structure; to erect upon a
foundation.
This is the only proper basis on which to superstruct first innocency
and then virtue. Dr. H. More.
SUPERSTRUCTION
Su`per*struc"tion, n.
1. The act of superstructing, or building upon.
2. That which id superstructed, or built upon some foundation; an edifice; a superstructure. My own profession hath taught me not to erect new superstructions upon an old ruin. Denham.
SUPERSTRUCTIVE
Su`per*struct"ive, a.
Defn: Built or erected on something else. Hammond.
SUPERSTRUCTOR
Su`per*struct"or, n.
Defn: One who builds a superstructure. [R.] R. North.
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Su`per*struc"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. superstructure.]
1. Any material structure or edifice built on something else; that which is raised on a foundation or basis; esp. (Arch.),
Defn: all that part of a building above the basement. Also used
figuratively.
You have added to your natural endowments the superstructure of
study. Dryden.
2. (Railway Engin.)
Defn: The sleepers, and fastenings, in distinction from the roadbed.
SUPERSUBSTANTIAL Su`per*sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [Pref. super- + substantial: cf. F. supersubstantiel.]
Defn: More than substantial; spiritual. "The heavenly supersubstantial bread." Jer. Taylor.
SUPERSUBTLE
Su`per*sub"tle, a.
Defn: To subtle. Shak.
SUPERSULPHATE
Su`per*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An acid sulphate. [Obs.]
SUPERSULPHURETED
Su`per*sul"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Supersulphurized. [Obs.] [Written also -sulphuretted.]
SUPERSULPHURIZE
Su`per*sul"phur*ize, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To impregnate or combine with an excess of sulphur.
SUPERTAX
Su"per*tax`, n. [Super- + tax.]
Defn: A tax in addition to the usual or normal tax; specif., in the United Kingdom, an income tax of sixpence for every pound in addition to the normal income tax of one shilling and twopence for every pound, imposed, by the Finance Act of 1909-1910 (c. 8, ss 66, 72), on the amount by which the income of any person exceeds £3,000 when his total income exceeds £5,000.
SUPERTEMPORAL
Su`per*tem"po*ral, n.
Defn: That which is more than temporal; that which is eternal. [R.]
SUPERTERRANEAN
Su`per*ter*ra"ne*an, a.
Defn: Being above ground. "Superterranean quarries." Mrs. Trollope.
SUPERTERRENE Su`per*ter*rene", a. Etym: [Pref. super- + terrene: cf. L. superterrenus.]
Defn: Being above ground, or above the earth. [R.]
SUPERTERRESTRIAL
Su`per*ter*res"tri*al, a.
Defn: Being above the earth, or above what belongs to the earth.
Buckminster.
SUPERTONIC
Su`per*ton"ic, n. (Mus.)
Defn: The note next above the keynote; the second of the scale.
Busby.
SUPERTRAGICAL
Su`per*trag"ic*al, a.
Defn: Tragical to excess.
SUPERTUBERATION
Su`per*tu`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. super- + tuber.] (Bot.)
Defn: The production of young tubers, as potatoes, from the old while still growing.
SUPERVACANEOUS Su`per*va*ca"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. supervacaneus, supervacuus; super over + vacuus empty.]
Defn: Serving no purpose; superfluous; needless. [Obs.] Howell.
SUPERVENE
Su`per*vene", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Supervened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supervening.] Etym: [L. supervenire, superventum, to come over, to
come upon; super over + venire to come. See Super-, and Come, and cf.
Overcome.]
Defn: To come as something additional or extraneous; to occur with reference or relation to something else; to happen upon or after something else; to be added; to take place; to happen. Such a mutual gravitation can never supervene to matter unless impressed by divine power. Bentley. A tyrany immediately supervened. Burke.
SUPERVENIENT
Su`per*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. superveniens, p.pr.]
Defn: Coming as something additional or extraneous; coming
afterwards.
That branch of belief was in him supervenient to Christian practice.
Hammond.
Divorces can be granted, a mensa et toro, only for supervenient
causes. Z. Swift.
SUPERVENTION
Su`per*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. superventio.]
Defn: The act of supervening. Bp. Hall.
SUPERVISAL
Su`per*vis"al, n.
Defn: Supervision. Walpole.
SUPERVISE
Su`per*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supervised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supervising.] Etym: [Pref. super- + L. visere to look at attentively,
to view, surely, intens. from videre, visum, to see. Cf. Survise, and
Survey.]
1. To oversee for direction; to superintend; to inspect with authority; as, to supervise the construction of a steam engine, or the printing of a book.
2. To look over so as to read; to peruse. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn.
— See Superintend.
SUPERVISE
Su`per*vise", n.
Defn: Supervision; inspection. [Obs.]
SUPERVISION
Su`per*vi"sion, n.
Defn: The act of overseeing; inspection; superintendence; oversight.
SUPERVISIVE
Su`per*vi"sive, a.
Defn: Supervisory. [R.]
SUPERVISOR
Su`per*vis"or, n.
1. One who supervises; an overseer; an inspector; a superintendent; as, a supervisor of schools.
2. A spectator; a looker-on. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPERVISORY
Su`per*vi"so*ry, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to supervision; as, supervisory powers.
SUPERVIVE
Su`per*vive", v. t. Etym: [L. supervivere. See Survive.]
Defn: To survive; to outlive. [Obs.]
SUPERVOLUTE Su`per*vo*lute", a. Etym: [L. supervolutus, p.p. of supervolvere to roll over; super over + volvere to roll.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having a plainted and convolute arrangement in the bud, as in the morning-glory.
SUPINATION Su`pi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. supinare, supinatum, to bend or lay backward, fr. supinus supine: cf. F. supination. See Supine.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of turning the hand palm upward; also, position of the hand with the palm upward. (b) The act or state of lying with the face upward. Opposed to Ant: pronation.
SUPINATOR
Su`pi*na"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)
Defn: A muscle which produces the motion of supination.
SUPINE
Su*pine", a. Etym: [L. supinus, akin to sub under, super above. Cf.
Sub-, Super-.]
1. Lying on the back, or with the face upward; — opposed to prone.
2. Leaning backward, or inclining with exposure to the sun; sloping; inclined. If the vine On rising ground be placed, or hills supine. Dryden.
3. Negligent; heedless; indolent; listless. He became pusillanimous and supine, and openly exposed to any temptation. Woodward.
Syn.
— Negligent; heedless; indolent; thoughtless; inattentive;
listless; careless; drowsy.
— Su*pine"ly, adv.
— Su*pine"ness, n.
SUPINE Su"pine, n. Etym: [L. supinum (sc. verbum), from supinus bent or thrown backward, perhaps so called because, although furnished with substantive case endings, it rests or falls back, as it were, on the verb: cf. F. supin.] (Lat. Gram.)
Defn: A verbal noun; or (according to C.F.Becker), a case of the infinitive mood ending in -um and -u, that in -um being sometimes called the former supine, and that in -u the latter supine.
SUPINITY
Su*pin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. supinitas.]
Defn: Supineness. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPPAGE
Sup"page, n. Etym: [From Sup.]
Defn: What may be supped; pottage. [Obs.] Hooker.
SUPPALPATION Sup`pal*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppalpari to caress a little; sub under, a little + palpare to caress.]
Defn: The act of enticing by soft words; enticement. [Obs.]
SUPPARASITATION
Sup*par`a*si*ta"tion, n. Etym: [See Supparasite.]
Defn: The act of flattering to gain favor; servile approbation.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.
SUPPARASITE Sup*par"a*site, v. t. Etym: [L. supparasitari; sub under, a little + parasitus a parasite.]
Defn: To flatter; to cajole; to act the parasite. [Obs.] Dr. R.
Clerke.
SUPPAWN
Sup*pawn", n.
Defn: See Supawn.
SUPPEDANEOUS
Sup`pe*da"ne*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. sub- + L. pes, pedis, a foot: cf.
L. suppedaneum a footstool.]
Defn: Being under the feet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SUPPEDITATE Sup*ped"i*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. suppeditatus, p.p. of suppeditare to supply.]
Defn: To supply; to furnish. [Obs.] Hammond.
SUPPEDITATION
Sup*ped`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppeditatio.]
Defn: Supply; aid afforded. [Obs.] Bacon.
SUPPER Sup"per, n. Etym: [OE. soper, super, OF. super, soper, F. souper; originally an infinitive, to sup, take a meal. See Soup, and cf. Sup to take supper.]
Defn: A meal taken at the close of the day; the evening meal.
Note: Supper is much used in an obvious sense, either adjectively or as the first part of a compound; as, supper time or supper-time, supper bell, supper hour, etc.
SUPPER
Sup"per, v. i.
Defn: To take supper; to sup. [R.]
SUPPER
Sup"per, v. t.
Defn: To supply with supper. [R.] "Kester was suppering the horses."
Mrs. Gaskell.
SUPPERLESS
Sup"per*less, a.
Defn: Having no supper; deprived of supper; as, to go supperless to bed. Beau. & Fl.
SUPPING
Sup"ping, n.
1. The act of one who sups; the act of taking supper.
2. That which is supped; broth. [Obs.] Holland.
SUPPLACE
Sup*place", v. t.
Defn: To replace. [R.] J. Bascom.
SUPPLANT Sup*plant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplanting.] Etym: [F. supplanter, L. supplantare to trip up one's heels, to throw down; sub under + planta the sole of the foot, also, a sucker, slip, sprout. Cf. Plant, n.]
1. To trip up. [Obs.] "Supplanted, down he fell." Milton.
2. To remove or displace by stratagem; to displace and take the place of; to supersede; as, a rival supplants another in the favor of a mistress or a prince. Suspecting that the courtier had supplanted the friend. Bp. Fell.
3. To overthrow, undermine, or force away, in order to get a substitute in place of. You never will supplant the received ideas of God. Landor.
Syn.
— To remove; displace; overpower; undermine; overthrow; supersede.
SUPPLANTATION Sup`plan*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. supplantation, L. supplantatio hypocritical deceit.]
Defn: The act of supplanting or displacing.
Habitual supplantation of immediate selfishness. Cloeridge.
SUPPLANTER
Sup*plan"ter, n.
Defn: One who supplants.
SUPPLE Sup"ple, a. Etym: [OE. souple, F. souple, from L. supplex suppliant, perhaps originally, being the knees. Cf. Supplicate.]
1. Pliant; flexible; easily bent; as, supple joints; supple fingers.
2. Yielding compliant; not obstinate; submissive to guidance; as, a supple horse. If punishment . . . makes not the will supple, it hardens the offender. Locke.
3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning; obsequious. Addison.
Syn. — Pliant; flexible; yielding; compliant; bending; flattering; fawning; soft.
SUPPLE
Sup"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppled; p. pr. & vb. n. Suppling.]
1. To make soft and pliant; to render flexible; as, to supple leather. The flesh therewith she suppled and did steep. Spenser.
2. To make compliant, submissive, or obedient.
A mother persisting till she had bent her daughter's mind and suppled
her will. Locke.
They should supple our stiff willfulness. Barrow.
SUPPLE
Sup"ple, v. i.
Defn: To become soft and pliant.
The stones . . . Suppled into softness as they fell. Dryden.
SUPPLE-CHAPPED
Sup"ple-chapped`, a.
Defn: Having a limber tongue. [R.] "A supple-chapped flatterer."
Marston.
SUPPLE-JACK Sup"ple-jack`, n. (Bot.) (a) A climbing shrub (Berchemia volubilus) of the Southern United States, having a tough and pliable stem. (b) A somewhat similar tropical American plant (Paullinia Curassavica); also, a walking stick made from its stem. He was in form and spirit like a supple-jack, . . . yielding, but tough; though he bent, he never broke. W. Irving.
Note: This name is given to various plants of similar habit in different British colonies.
SUPPLELY
Sup"ple*ly, adv.
Defn: In a supple manner; softly; pliantly; mildly. Cotgrave.
SUPPLEMENT Sup"ple*ment, n. Etym: [F. supplément, L. supplementum, fr. supplere to fill up. See Supply, v. t.]
1. That which supplies a deficiency, or meets a want; a store; a supply. [Obs.] Chapman.
2. That which fills up, completes, or makes an addition to, something already organized, arranged, or set apart; specifically, a part added to, or issued as a continuation of, a book or paper, to make good its deficiencies or correct its errors.
3. (Trig.)
Defn: The number of degrees which, if added to a specified arc, make it 180°; the quantity by which an arc or an angle falls short of 180 degrees, or an arc falls short of a semicircle.
Syn. — Appendix. — Appendix, Supplement. An appendix is that which is appended to something, but is not essential to its completeness; a supplement is that which supplements, or serves to complete or make perfect, that to which it is added.
SUPPLEMENT
Sup"ple*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplemented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supplementing.]
Defn: To fill up or supply by addition; to add something to. Causes of one kind must be supplemented by bringing to bear upon them a causation of another kind. I. Taylor.
SUPPLEMENTAL; SUPPLEMENTARY
Sup`ple*men"tal, Sup`ple*men"ta*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplémentaire.]
Defn: Added to supply what is wanted; additional; being, or serving as, a supplement; as, a supplemental law; a supplementary sheet or volume. Supplemental air (Physiol.), the air which in addition to the residual air remains in the lungs after ordinary expiration, but which, unlike the residual air, can be expelled; reserve air. — Supplemental bill (Equity), a bill filed in aid of an original bill to supply some deffect in the latter, or to set forth new facts which can not be done by amendment. Burrill. Daniel. — Supplementary chords (Math.), in an ellipse or hyperbola, any two chords drawn through the extremities of a diameter, and intersecting on the curve.
SUPPLEMENTATION
Sup`ple*men*ta"tion, n.
Defn: The act of supplementing. C. Kingsley.
SUPPLENESS
Sup"ple*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being supple; flexibility; pliableness; pliancy.
SUPPLETIVE; SUPPLETORY Sup"ple*tive, Sup"ple*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplétif, LL. suppletivus, from L. supplere, suppletum, to fill up. See Supply.]
Defn: Supplying deficiencies; supplementary; as, a suppletory oath.
SUPPLETORY
Sup"ple*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppletories (.
Defn: That which is to supply what is wanted.
Invent suppletories to excuse an evil man. Jer. Taylor.
SUPPLIAL
Sup*pli"al, n.
Defn: The act of supplying; a supply. "The supplial of a preposition." Fitzed. Hall.
SUPPLIANCE
Sup*pli"ance, n. Etym: [From Supply.]
Defn: That which supplies a want; assistance; a gratification;
satisfaction. [R.]
The perfume and suppliance of a minute. Shak.
SUPPLIANCE
Sup*pli"ance, n. Etym: [See Suppliant.]
Defn: Supplication; entreaty.
When Greece her knee in suppliance bent. Halleck.
SUPPLIANT Sup"pli*ant, a. Etym: [F., p.pr. of supplier to entreat, L. supplicare. See Supplicate, and cf. Supplicant.]
1. Asking earnestly and submissively; entreating; beseeching; supplicating. The rich grow suppliant, and the poor grow proud. Dryden.
2. Manifesting entreaty; expressive of supplication. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.
Syn.
— Entreating; beseeching; suing; begging; supplicating; imploring.
— Sup"pli*ant*ly, adv.
— Sup"pli*ant*ness, n.
SUPPLIANT
Sup"pli*ant, n.
Defn: One who supplicates; a humble petitioner; one who entreats
submissively.
Hear thy suppliant's prayer. Dryden.
SUPPLICANCY
Sup"pli*can*cy, n.
Defn: Supplication. [R.]
SUPPLICANT
Sup"pli*cant, a. Etym: [L. supplicans, p.pr. See Supplicate, and cf.
Suppliant.]
Defn: Entreating; asking submissively. Shak.
— Sup"pli*cant*ly, adv.
SUPPLICANT
Sup"pli*cant, n.
Defn: One who supplicates; a suppliant.
The wise supplicant . . . left the event to God. Rogers.
SUPPLICAT
Sup"pli*cat, n. Etym: [L., he supplicates.] (Eng. Universities)
Defn: A petition; esp., a written one, with a certificate that the conditions have been complied with.
SUPPLICATE Sup"pli*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplicating.] Etym: [L. supplicatus, p.p. of supplicare to supplicate; of uncertain origin, cf. supplex, supplicis, humbly begging or entreating; perhaps fr. sub under + a word akin to placare to reconcile, appease (cf. Placable), or fr. sub under + plicare to fold, whence the idea of bending the knees (cf. Ply, v. t.). Cf. Supple.]
1. To entreat for; to seek by earnest prayer; to ask for earnestly and humbly; as, to supplicate blessings on Christian efforts to spread the gospel.
2. To address in prayer; to entreat as a supplicant; as, to supplicate the Deity.
Syn. — To beseech; entreat; beg; petition; implore; importune; solicit; crave. See Beseech.
SUPPLICATE
Sup"pli*cate, v. i.
Defn: To make petition with earnestness and submission; to implore.
A man can not brook to supplicate or beg. Bacon.
SUPPLICATINGLY
Sup"pli*ca`ting*ly, adv.
Defn: In a supplicating manner.
SUPPLICATION
Sup`pli*ca"tion, n. Etym: [F. supplication, L. supplicatio.]
1. The act of supplicating; humble and earnest prayer, as in worship.
2. A humble petition; an earnest request; an entreaty.
3. (Rom. Antiq.)
Defn: A religious solemnity observed in consequence of some military success, and also, in times of distress and danger, to avert the anger of the gods.
Syn.
— Entreaty; petition; solicitation; craving.
SUPPLICATOR
Sup"pli*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who supplicates; a supplicant.
SUPPLICATORY
Sup"pli*ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supplicatoire.]
Defn: Containing supplication; humble; earnest.
SUPPLIER
Sup*pli"er, n.
Defn: One who supplies.
SUPPLY
Sup*ply", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supplied; p. pr. & vb. n. Supplying.]
Etym: [For older supploy, F. suppléer, OF. also supployer, (assumed)
LL. suppletare, from L. supplere, suppletum; sub under + plere to
fill, akin to plenus full. See Plenty.]
1. To fill up, or keep full; to furnish with what is wanted; to afford, or furnish with, a sufficiency; as, rivers are supplied by smaller streams; an aqueduct supplies an artificial lake; — often followed by with before the thing furnished; as, to supply a furnace with fuel; to supply soldiers with ammunition.
2. To serve instead of; to take the place of. Burning ships the banished sun supply. Waller. The sun was set, and Vesper, to supply His absent beams, had lighted up the sky. Dryden.
3. To fill temporarily; to serve as substitute for another in, as a vacant place or office; to occupy; to have possession of; as, to supply a pulpit.
4. To give; to bring or furnish; to provide; as, to supply money for the war. Prior.
Syn. — To furnish; provide; administer; minister; contribute; yield; accommodate.
SUPPLY
Sup*ply", n.; pl. Supplies (.
1. The act of supplying; supplial. A. Tucker.
2. That which supplies a want; sufficiency of things for use or want. Specifically: — (a) Auxiliary troops or reënforcements. "My promised supply of horsemen." Shak. (b) The food, and the like, which meets the daily necessities of an army or other large body of men; store; — used chiefly in the plural; as, the army was discontented for lack of supplies. (c) An amount of money provided, as by Parliament or Congress, to meet the annual national expenditures; generally in the plural; as, to vote supplies. (d) A person who fills a place for a time; one who supplies the place of another; a substitute; esp., a clergyman who supplies a vacant pulpit. Stated supply (Eccl.), a clergyman employed to supply a pulpit for a definite time, but not settled as a pastor. [U.S.] — Supply and demand. (Polit. Econ.) "Demand means the quantity of a given article which would be taken at a given price. Supply means the quantity of that article which could be had at that price." F. A. Walker.
SUPPLY
Sup*ply", a.
Defn: Serving to contain, deliver, or regulate a supply of anything; as, a supply tank or valve. Supply system (Zoöl.), the system of tubes and canals in sponges by means of which food and water are absorbed. See Illust. of Spongiæ.
SUPPLYANT
Sup*ply"ant, a.
Defn: Supplying or aiding; auxiliary; suppletory. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPPLYMENT
Sup*ply"ment, n.
Defn: A supplying or furnishing; supply. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPPORT
Sup*port", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supported; p. pr. & vb. n.
Supporting.] Etym: [F. supporter, L. supportare to carry on, to
convey, in LL., to support, sustain; sub under + portare to carry.
See Port demeanor.]
1. To bear by being under; to keep from falling; to uphold; to sustain, in a literal or physical sense; to prop up; to bear the weight of; as, a pillar supports a structure; an abutment supports an arch; the trunk of a tree supports the branches.
2. To endure without being overcome, exhausted, or changed in character; to sustain; as, to support pain, distress, or misfortunes. This fierce demeanor and his insolence The patience of a god could not support. Dryden.
3. To keep from failing or sinking; to solace under affictive circumstances; to assist; to encourage; to defend; as, to support the courage or spirits.
4. To assume and carry successfully, as the part of an actor; to represent or act; to sustain; as, to support the character of King Lear.
5. To furnish with the means of sustenance or livelihood; to maintain; to provide for; as, to support a family; to support the ministers of the gospel.
6. To carry on; to enable to continue; to maintain; as, to support a war or a contest; to support an argument or a debate.
7. To verify; to make good; to substantiate; to establish; to sustain; as, the testimony is not sufficient to support the charges; the evidence will not support the statements or allegations. To urge such arguments, as though they were sufficient to support and demonstrate a whole scheme of moral philosophy. J. Edwards.
8. To vindicate; to maintain; to defend successfully; as, to be able to support one's own cause.
9. To uphold by aid or countenance; to aid; to help; to back up; as, to support a friend or a party; to support the present administration. Wherefore, bold pleasant, Darest thou support a published traitor Shak.
10. A attend as an honorary assistant; as, a chairman supported by a vice chairman; O'Connell left the prison, supported by his two sons. Support arms (Mil.), a command in the manual of arms in responce to which the piece is held vertically at the shoulder, with the hammer resting on the left forearm, which is passed horizontally across the body in front; also, the position assumed in response to this command.
Syn. — To maintain; endure; verify; substantiate; countenance; patronize; help; back; second; succor; relieve; uphold; encourage; favor; nurture; nourish; cherish; shield; defend; protect; stay; assist; forward.
SUPPORT
Sup*port", n. Etym: [F.]
1. The act, state, or operation of supporting, upholding, or sustaining.
2. That which upholds, sustains, or keeps from falling, as a prop, a pillar, or a foundation of any kind.
3. That which maintains or preserves from being overcome, falling, yielding, sinking, giving way, or the like; subsistence; maintenance; assistance; reënforcement; as, he gave his family a good support, the support of national credit; the assaulting column had the support of a battery. Points of support (Arch.), the horizontal area of the solids of a building, walls, piers, and the like, as compared with the open or vacant spaces. — Right of support (Law), an easement or servitude by which the owner of a house has a right to rest his timber on the walls of his neighbor's house. Kent.
Syn. — Stay; prop; maintenance; subsistence; assistance; favor; countenance; encouragement; patronage; aid; help; succor; nutriment; sustenance; food.
SUPPORTABLE
Sup*port"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. supportable.]
Defn: Capable of being supported, maintained, or endured; endurable.
— Sup*port"a*ble*ness, n.
— Sup*port"a*bly, adv.
SUPPORTANCE
Sup*port"ance, n.
Defn: Support. [Obs.] Shak.
SUPPORTATION
Sup`por*ta"tion, n.
Defn: Maintenance; support. [Obs.] Chaucer. Bacon.
SUPPORTER
Sup*port"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, supports; as, oxygen is a supporter of
life.
The sockets and supporters of flowers are figured. Bacon.
The saints have a . . . supporter in all their miseries. South.
2. Especially, an adherent; one who sustains, advocates, and defends; as, the supporter of a party, faction, or candidate.
3. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A knee placed under the cathead.
4. (Her.)
Defn: A figure, sometimes of a man, but commonly of some animal, placed on either side of an escutcheon, and exterior to it. Usually, both supporters of an escutcheon are similar figures.
5. (Med.)
Defn: A broad band or truss for supporting the abdomen or some other part or organ.
SUPPORTFUL
Sup*port"ful, a.
Defn: Abounding with support. [Obs.] Chapman.
SUPPORTLESS
Sup*port"less, a.
Defn: Having no support. Milton.
SUPPORTMENT
Sup*port"ment, n.
Defn: Support. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
SUPPORTRESS
Sup*port"ress, n.
Defn: A female supporter. [R.]
You are my gracious patroness and supportress. Massinger.
SUPPOSABLE
Sup*pos"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being supposed, or imagined to exist; as, that is
not a supposable case.
— Sup*pos"a*ble*ness, n.
— Sup*pos"a*bly, adv.
SUPPOSAL
Sup*pos"al, n.
Defn: The act of supposing; also, that which is supposed; supposition; opinion. Shak. Interest, with a Jew, never proceeds but upon supposal, at least, of a firm and sufficient bottom. South.
SUPPOSE Sup*pose", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Supposed; p. pr. & vb. n. Supposing.] Etym: [F. supposer; pref. sub- under + poser to place; — corresponding in meaning to L. supponere, suppositum, to put under, to substitute, falsify, counterfeit. See Pose.]
1. To represent to one's self, or state to another, not as true or real, but as if so, and with a view to some consequence or application which the reality would involve or admit of; to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument or illustration; to assume to be true; as, let us suppose the earth to be the center of the system, what would be the result Suppose they take offence without a cause. Shak. When we have as great assurance that a thing is, as we could possibly, supposing it were, we ought not to make any doubt of its existence. Tillotson.
2. To imagine; to believe; to receive as true. How easy is a bush supposed a bear! Shak. Let not my lord suppose that they have slain all the young men, the king's sons; for Amnon only is dead. 2 Sam. xiii. 32.
3. To require to exist or to be true; to imply by the laws of thought or of nature; as, purpose supposes foresight. One falsehood always supposes another, and renders all you can say suspected. Female Quixote.
4. To put by fraud in the place of another. [Obs.]
Syn. — To imagine; believe; conclude; judge; consider; view; regard; conjecture; assume.
SUPPOSE
Sup*pose", v. i.
Defn: To make supposition; to think; to be of opinion. Acts ii. 15.
SUPPOSE
Sup*pose", n.
Defn: Supposition. [Obs.] Shak. "A base suppose that he is honest."
Dryden.
SUPPOSEER
Sup*pose"er, n.
Defn: One who supposes.
SUPPOSITION Sup`po*si"tion, n. Etym: [F. supposition, L. suppositio a placing under, a substitution, fr. supponere, suppositium, to put under, to substitute. The word has the meaning corresponding to suppose. See Sub-, and Position.]
1. The act of supposing, laying down, imagining, or considering as true or existing, what is known not to be true, or what is not proved.
2. That which is supposed; hypothesis; conjecture; surmise; opinion or belief without sufficient evidence. This is only an infallibility upon supposition that if a thing be true, it is imposible to be false. Tillotson. He means are in supposition. Shak.
SUPPOSITIONAL
Sup`po*si"tion*al, a.
Defn: Resting on supposition; hypothetical; conjectural; supposed.
South.
SUPPOSITITIOUS
Sup*pos`i*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. suppositicus. See Supposition.]
1. Fraudulently substituted for something else; not being what is purports to be; not genuine; spurious; counterfeit; as, a supposititious child; a supposititious writing. Bacon.
2. Suppositional; hypothetical. [R.] Woodward.
— Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ly, adv.
— Sup*pos`i*ti"tious*ness, n.
SUPPOSITIVE
Sup*pos"i*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suppositif.]
Defn: Including or implying supposition, or hypothesis; supposed.
— Sup*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. Hammond.
SUPPOSITIVE
Sup*pos"i*tive, n.
Defn: A word denoting or implying supposition, as the words if, granting, provided, etc. Harris.
SUPPOSITOR
Sup*pos"i*tor, n. (Med.)
Defn: An apparatus for the introduction of suppositories into the rectum.
SUPPOSITORY
Sup*pos"i*to*ry, n.; pl. Suppositories. Etym: [LL. suppositorium, fr.
L. suppositorius that is placed underneath: cf. F. suppositoire. See
Supposition.] (Med.)
Defn: A pill or bolus for introduction into the rectum; esp., a cylinder or cone of medicated cacao butter.
SUPPOSURE
Sup*po"sure, n.
Defn: Supposition; hypothesis; conjecture. [Obs.] Hudibras.
SUPPRESS
Sup*press", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suppressed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suppressing.] Etym: [L. suppressus, p.p. of supprimere to suppress;
sub under + premere, pressum, to press. See Sub-, and Press.]
1. To overpower and crush; to subdue; to put down; to quell. Every rebellion, when it is suppressed, doth make the subject weaker, and the prince stronger. Sir J. Davies.
2. To keep in; to restrain from utterance or vent; as, to suppress the voice; to suppress a smile. Sir W. Scott.
3. To retain without disclosure; to conceal; not to reveal; to prevent publication of; as, to suppress evidence; to suppress a pamphlet; to suppress the truth. She suppresses the name, and this keeps him in a pleasing suspense. Broome.
4. To stop; to restrain; to arrest the discharges of; as, to suppress a diarrhea, or a hemorrhage.
Syn. — To repress; restrain; put down; overthrow; overpower; overwhelm; conceal; stifle; stop; smother.
SUPPRESSIBLE
Sup*press"i*ble, a.
Defn: That may be suppressed.
SUPPRESSION
Sup*pres"sion, n. Etym: [L. suppressio: cf. F. suppression.]
1. The act of suppressing, or the state of being suppressed; repression; as, the suppression of a riot, insurrection, or tumult; the suppression of truth, of reports, of evidence, and the like.
2. (Med.)
Defn: Complete stoppage of a natural secretion or excretion; as, suppression of urine; — used in contradiction to retention, which signifies that the secretion or excretion is retained without expulsion. Quain.
3. (Gram.)
Defn: Omission; as, the suppression of a word.
Syn. — Overthrow; destruction; concealment; repression; detention; retention; obstruction.
SUPPRESSIVE
Sup*press"ive, a.
Defn: Tending to suppress; subduing; concealing.
SUPPRESSOR
Sup*press"or, n. Etym: [L., hider.]
Defn: One who suppresses.
SUPPRISE
Sup*prise", v. t.
Defn: To surprise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SUPPURANT
Sup"pu*rant, n. (Med.)
Defn: A suppurative.
SUPPURATE
Sup"pu*rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Suppurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suppurating.] Etym: [L. suppuratus, p.p. of suppurare to suppurate,
cause to suppurate; sub under + pus, puris, matter. See Pus.]
Defn: To generate pus; as, a boil or abscess suppurates.
SUPPURATE
Sup"pu*rate, v. t.
Defn: To cause to generate pus; as, to suppurate a sore. Arbuthnot.
SUPPURATION
Sup`pu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suppuratio: cf. F. suppuration.]
1. The act or process of suppurating.
2. The matter produced by suppuration; pus.
SUPPURATIVE
Sup"pu*ra*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suppuratif.]
Defn: Tending to suppurate; promoting suppuration. Suppurative fever
(Med.), pyæmia.
SUPPURATIVE
Sup"pu*ra*tive, n. (Med.)
Defn: A suppurative medicine.
SUPPUTATE
Sup"pu*tate, v. t. Etym: [L. supputatus, p.p. of supputare. See
Suppute.]
Defn: To suppute. [Obs.]
SUPPUTATION
Sup`pu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. supputatio: cf. F. supputation.]
Defn: Reckoning; account. [Obs.]
SUPPUTE Sup*pute", v. t. Etym: [F. supputer, or L. supputare; sub under + putare to reckon.]
Defn: To reckon; to compute; to suppose; to impute. [Obs.] Drayton.
SUPRA
Su"pra, adv. Etym: [L.; akin to super. See Super-.]
Defn: Over; above; before; also, beyond; besides; — much used as a prefix.
SUPRA-ACROMIAL
Su`pra-a*cro"mi*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the acromial process of the scapula.
SUPRA-ANGULAR
Su`pra-an"gu*lar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: See Surangular.
SUPRA-AURICULAR
Su`pra-au*ric"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the ear coverts, or auriculars; — said of certain feathers of birds. — n.
Defn: A supra-auricular feather.
SUPRA-AXILLARY
Su"pra-ax"il*la*ry, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Growing above the axil; inserted above the axil, as a peduncle.
See Suprafoliaceous.
SUPRABRANCHIAL
Su`pra*bran"chi*al, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the branchiæ; — applied especially to the upper division of the gill cavity of bivalve mollusks.
SUPRACHOROID; SUPRACHOROIDAL
Su`pra*cho"roid, Su`pra*cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the choroid; — applied to the layer of the choroid coat of the eyeball next to the sclerotic.
SUPRACILIARY
Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Superciliary.
SUPRACLAVICLE
Su`pra*clav"i*cle, n. (Anat.)
Defn: A bone which usually connects the clavicle with the post- temporal in the pectorial arch of fishes.
SUPRACLAVICULAR Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the clavicle. (b) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle.
SUPRACONDYLAR; SUPRACONDYLOID
Su`pra*con"dy*lar, Su`pra*con"dy*loid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above a condyle or condyles.
SUPRACOSTAL
Su`pra*cos"tal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the outside of, the ribs.
SUPRACRANIAL
Su`pra*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or in the roof of, the cranium.
SUPRACRETACEOUS
Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)
Defn: Lying above the chalk; Supercretaceous.
SUPRADECOMPOUND
Su`pra*de*com"pound, a. (Bot.)
Defn: More than decompound; divided many times.
SUPRA-ESOPHAGAL; SUPRA-ESOPHAGEAL
Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal, Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; as, the supra-esophageal ganglion of Crustacea. [Written also supra- oesophagal, and supra-oesophageal.]
SUPRA-ETHMOID
Su`pra-eth"moid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Above, or on the dorsal side of, the ethmoid bone or cartilage.
SUPRAFOLIACEOUS
Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)
Defn: Inserted into the stem above the leaf, petiole, or axil, as a peduncle or flower.
SUPRAGLOTIC
Su`pra*glot"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the glottis; — applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx above the true vocal cords.
SUPRAHEPATIC
Su`pra*he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the liver; — applied to the branches of the hepatic veins.
SUPRAHYOID
Su`pra*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Hyomental.
SUPRA-ILIUM
Su`pra-il"i*um, n. (Anat.)
Defn: The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end of the ilium of some animals.
SUPRALAPSARIAN
Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Supra- + lapse: cf. F. supralapsaire.]
(Eccl. Hist.)
Defn: One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's decree of election determined that man should fall, in order that the opportunity might be furnished of securing the redemption of a part of the race, the decree of salvation being conceived of as formed before or beyond, and not after or following, the lapse, or fall. Cf. Infralapsarian.
SUPRALAPSARIAN
Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.
SUPRALAPSARIANISM
Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Supralapsarians.
SUPRALAPSARY
Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, a.
Defn: Supralapsarian.
SUPRALAPSARY
Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, n.
Defn: A Supralapsarian.
SUPRALORAL
Su`pra*lo"ral, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the lores; as, the supraloral feathers of a bird. — n.
Defn: A supraloral feather.
SUPRALUNAR; SUPRALUNARY
Su`pra*lu"nar, Su`pra*lu"na*ry, a.
Defn: Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.
SUPRAMAXILLA
Su`pra*max"il*la, n.; pl. Supramaxillæ (. (Anat.)
Defn: The upper jaw or maxilla.
SUPRAMAXILLARY Su`pra*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated over the lower jaw; as, the supramaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.
SUPRAMUNDANE
Su`pra*mun"dane, a.
Defn: Being or situated above the world or above our system; celestial.
SUPRANATURALISM
Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism, n.
Defn: The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural agency or revelation; supernaturalism.
SUPRANATURALIST
Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, n.
Defn: A supernaturalist.
SUPRANATURALIST; SUPRANATURALISTIC
Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic.
SUPRAOCCIPITAL
Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over, or in the upper part of, the occiput; of or pertaining to the supraoccipital bone. — n.
Defn: The supraoccipital bone. Supraoccipital bone (Anat.), a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young.
SUPRAOCULAR
Su`pra*oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Above the eyes; — said of certain scales of fishes and reptiles.
SUPRA-OESOPHAGAL
Su`pra-oe*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: See Supra-esophagal.
SUPRAORBITAL; SUPRAORBITAR
Su`pra*or"bit*al, Su`pra*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the orbit of the eye. Supraorbital point (Anat.), the middle point of the supraorbital line, which is a line drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face from the cranium; the ophryon.
SUPRAPEDAL
Su*prap"e*dal, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Situated above the foot of a mollusk; as, the suprapedal gland.
SUPRAPROTEST
Su`pra*pro"test, n. (Mercantile Law)
Defn: An acceptance of a bill by a third person after protest for nonacceptance by the drawee. Burrill.
SUPRAPUBIAN; SUPRAPUBIC
Su`pra*pu"bi*an, Su`pra*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic bone.
SUPRARENAL
Su`pra*re"nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the kidneys.
— n.
Defn: A suprarenal capsule. Suprarenal capsules (Anat.), two small bodies of unknown function in front of, or near, the kidneys in most vertebrates. Also called renal capsules, and suprarenal bodies.
SUPRASCALPULAR; SUPRASCALPULARY
Su`pra*scalp"u*lar, Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or on the anterior side of, the scapula.
SUPRASPHENOIDAL
Su`pra*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the sphenoidal bone; as, the suprasphenoidal appendage, or pituitary body.
SUPRASPINAL Su`pra*spi"nal, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the vertebral column. (b) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate; supraspinous.
SUPRASPINATE; SUPRASPINOUS
Su`pra*spi"nate, Su`pra*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above a spine or spines; especially, situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the neural spines of the vertebral column, or above, or in front of, the spine of the scapula.
SUPRASTAPEDIAL
Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that part of the columella of the ear which projects above the connection with the stapes, as in many animals. — n.
Defn: The suprastapedial part of the columella.
SUPRASTERNAL
Su`pra*ster"nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the sternum.
SUPRATEMPORAL
Su`pra*tem"po*ral, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa.
— n.
Defn: A supratemporal bone.
SUPRATROCHLEAR
Su`pra*troch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated over or above a trochlea or trochlear surface; — applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.
SUPRAVAGINAL
Su`pra*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Situated above or outside a sheath or vaginal membrane.
SUPRAVISION
Su`pra*vi"sion, n.
Defn: Supervision. [Obs.]
SUPRAVISOR
Su`pra*vis"or, n.
Defn: A supervisor. [Obs.]
SUPRAVULGAR
Su`pra*vul"gar, a.
Defn: Being above the vulgar or common people. [R.] Collier.
SUPREMACY
Su*prem"a*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suprématie. See Supreme.]
Defn: The state of being supreme, or in the highest station of power; highest or supreme authority or power; as, the supremacy of a king or a parliament. The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was restored to its supremacy over spiritual men and causes. Blackstone. Oath supremacy, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of the sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or abjures the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or temporal affairs. [Eng.] Brande & C.
SUPREME
Su*preme", a. Etym: [L. supremus, superlative of superus that is
above, upper, fr. super above: cf. F. suprême. See Super-, and cf.
Sum.]
1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in authority, government, or power. He that is the supreme King of kings. Shak.
2. Highest; greatest; most excellent or most extreme; utmost; greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense); as, supreme love; supreme glory; supreme magnanimity; supreme folly. Each would be supreme within its own sphere, and those spheres could not but clash. De Quincey.
3. (Bot.)
Defn: Situated at the highest part or point. The Supreme, the
Almighty; God.
SUPREMELY
Su*preme"ly, adv.
Defn: In a supreme manner.
SUPREMITY
Su*prem"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. supremitas.]
Defn: Supremacy. [Obs.] Fuller.
SUR-
Sur-. Etym: [F. sur over, above, contr. fr. L. super, supra. See
Super-.]
Defn: A prefix signifying over, above, beyond, upon.
SURA
Su"ra, n. Etym: [Ar., a step, a degree.]
Defn: One of the sections or chapters of the Koran, which are one hundred and fourteen in number.
SURADANNI
Su`ra*dan"ni, n.
Defn: A valuable kind of wood obtained on the shores of the Demerara River in South America, much used for timbers, rails, naves and fellies of wheels, and the like.
SURADDITION
Sur`ad*di"tion, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: Something added or appended, as to a name. [Obs.] Shak.
SURAH
Su"rah, n.
Defn: A soft twilled silk fabric much used for women's dresses; — called also surah silk.
SURAL
Su"ral, a. Etym: [L. sura the calf of the leg: cf. F. sural.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural arteries.
SURANCE
Sur"ance, n.
Defn: Assurance. [Obs.] Shak.
SURANGULAR
Sur*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sur- + angular.] (Anat.)
Defn: Above the angular bone; supra-angular; — applied to a bone of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds. — n.
Defn: The surangular bone.
SURBASE
Sur"base`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + base.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A cornice, or series of moldings, on the top of the base of a pedestal, podium, etc. See Illust. of Column.
2. A board or group of moldings running round a room on a level with the tops of the chair backs. Knight.
SURBASED Sur"based`, a. (Arch.) (a) Having a surbase, or molding above the base. (b) Etym: [F. surbaissé.]
Defn: Having the vertical height from springing line to crown less than the half span; — said of an arch; as, a segmental arch is surbased.
SURBATE
Sur*bate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbated; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbating.]
Etym: [F. solbatu, p.p., bruised (said of a horse's foot); sole a
sole (of a horse's foot) + battu, p.p. of battre to beat.]
1. To make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel. [Obs.] Lest they their fins should bruise, and surbate sore Their tender feet upon the stony ground. Spenser. Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet. Mortimer.
2. To harass; to fatigue. [Obs.] Clarendon.
SURBEAT
Sur*beat", v. t.
Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]
SURBED
Sur*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbedding.]
Etym: [Pref. sur- + bed.]
Defn: To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, to set it in a position different from that which it had in the quarry. It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the horizon, and therefore should not be surbedded. Gilbert White.
SURBET
Sur*bet", v. t.
Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]
SURBET
Sur*bet", a.
Defn: Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] Spenser.
SURCEASE Sur*cease", n. Etym: [F. sursis, from sursis, p.p. of surseoir to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay, refrain from, forbear, L. supersedere. Surcease is not connected with E. cease. See Supersede.]
Defn: Cessation; stop; end. "Not desire, but its surcease."
Longfellow.
It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest
and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.
SURCEASE
Sur*cease", v. t.
Defn: To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] "The waves . . . their range
surceast." Spenser.
The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.
SURCEASE
Sur*cease", v. i.
Defn: To cease. [Obs.]
SURCEASEANCE
Sur*cease"ance, n.
Defn: Cessation. [Obs.]
SURCHARGE
Sur*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcharged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surcharging.] Etym: [F. surcharger. See Sur-, and Charge, and cf.
Overcharge, Supercharge, Supercargo.]
1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon. Four charged two, and two surcharged one. Spenser. Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew. Dryden.
2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.
SURCHARGE
Sur*charge", n. Etym: [F.]
1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne. A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense. Bacon.
2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Burrill.
SURCHARGEMENT
Sur*charge"ment, n.
Defn: The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.]
Daniel.
SURCHARGER
Sur*char"ger, n.
Defn: One who surcharges.
SURCINGLE
Sur"cin`gle, n. Etym: [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and
Cingle, Shingles.]
1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the waist.
SURCINGLED
Sur"cin`gled, a.
Defn: Bound with the surcingle.
SURCLE
Sur"cle, n. Etym: [L. surculus.]
Defn: A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
SURCLOY
Sur"cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.]
Defn: To surfeit. [Obs.]
SURCOAT Sur"coat`, n. Etym: [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat, and cf. Overcoat.]
1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer. A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. Chaucer. At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.
2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.
SURCREW Sur"crew`, n. Etym: [From F. surcroît increase, or surcrû, p.p. of surcroître to overgrow.]
Defn: Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
SURCULATE Sur"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. surculatus, p.p. of surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.]
Defn: To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.
SURCULATION
Sur`cu*la"tion, n.
Defn: Act of purning. [Obs.]
SURCULOSE
Sur"cu*lose`, a. Etym: [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.)
Defn: Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.
SURD Surd, a. Etym: [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.]
1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . . generation." Sir T. Browne.
2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.
3. (Math.)
Defn: Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a surd number.
4. (Phonetics)
Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; — opposed to sonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.
SURD
Surd, n. (Math.)
1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus, *2 is a surd.
2. (Phon.)
Defn: A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.
SURDAL
Surd"al, a. (Math.)
Defn: Same as Surd, a., 3.
SURDINY
Surd"i*ny, n.
Defn: A sardine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
SURDITY
Surd"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. surditas.]
Defn: Deafness. [Obs.]
SURE
Sure, a. [Compar. Surer; superl. Surest.] Etym: [OE. sur, OF. seür,
F. sûr, L. securus; se aside, without + cura care. See Secure, and
cf. Assure, Insure, Sicker sure.]
1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt; implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive. We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. Rom. ii. 2. I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. Shak.
2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.
3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent; enduring. "His sure word." Keble. The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord. 1 Sam. xxv. 28. The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps. xix. 7. Which put in good sure leather sacks. Chapman.
4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.] The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God. Sir T. More. I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as faith could bind you, man and wife. Brome.
5. Free from danger; safe; secure. Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that we are sure enough. Shak. — To be sure, or Be sure, certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you do To be sure I shall. — To make sure. (a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object. "Make Cato sure." Addison. "A peace can not fail, provided we make sure of Spain." Sir W. Temple. (b) To betroth. [Obs.] She that's made sure to him she loves not well. Cotgrave.
Syn. — Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent; steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident; positive.
SURE
Sure, adv.
Defn: In a sure manner; safely; certainly. "Great, sure, shall be thy
meed." Spenser.
'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print. Byron.
SURE-FOOTED
Sure"-foot`ed, a.
Defn: Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.
SURELY
Sure"ly, adv.
1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly; assuredly. In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17. He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small. South.
2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely. He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. Prov. x. 9.
SUREMENT
Sure"ment, n.
Defn: A making sure; surety. [Obs.]
Every surement and every bond. Chaucer.
SURENESS
Sure"ness, n.
Defn: The state of being sure; certainty.
For more sureness he repeats it. Woodward.
The law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Emerson.
SURESBY
Sures"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. See Rudesby.]
Defn: One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.] There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything will serve. Bradford.
SURETISHIP
Sure"ti*ship, n.
Defn: Suretyship. Prov. xi. 15.
SURETY
Sure"ty, n.; pl. Sureties. Etym: [OE. seurte, OF. seürté, F. sûreté.
See Sure, Security.]
1. The state of being sure; certainty; security. Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs. Gen. xv. 13. For the more surety they looked round about. Sir P. Sidney.
2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of confidence
or security.
[We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds;
On other surety none. Milton.
3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or for the
performance of some act.
There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which
One part of Aquitaine is bound to us. Shak.
4. (Law)
Defn: One who is bound with and for another who is primarily liable, and who is called the principal; one who engages to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail. He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.
5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. Cowper.
6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.] She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. Shak.
SURETY
Sure"ty, v. t.
Defn: To act as surety for. [Obs.] Shak.
SURETYSHIP
Sure"ty*ship, n.
Defn: The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. Bouvier.
SURF
Surf, n. Etym: [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as
E. sough.]
Defn: The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach. Surf bird (Zoöl.), a ploverlike bird of the genus Aphriza, allied to the turnstone. — Surf clam (Zoöl.), a large clam living on the open coast, especially Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima. See Mactra. — Surf duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the genus Oidemia, especially O. percpicillata; — called also surf scoter. See the Note under Scoter. — Surf fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of California embiotocoid fishes. See Embiotocoid. — Surf smelt. (Zoöl.) See Smelt. — Surf whiting. (Zoöl.) See under Whiting.
SURF
Surf, n.
Defn: The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]
SURFACE
Sur"face`, n. Etym: [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]
1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body. The bright surface of this ethereous mold. Milton.
2. Hence, outward or external appearance. Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than the surface. V. Knox.
3. (Geom.)
Defn: A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
4. (Fort.)
Defn: That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion. Stocqueler. Caustic surface, Heating surface, etc. See under Caustic, Heating, etc. — Surface condensation, Surface condenser. See under Condensation, and Condenser. — Surface gauge (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface. — Surface grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the great yellow underwing moth (Triphoena pronuba). It is often destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants. — Surface plate (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to test other surfaces. — Surface printing, printing from a surface in relief, as from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which the ink is contained in engraved lines.
SURFACE
Sur"face, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfacing.]
1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
SURFACE LOADING
Sur"face load`ing. (Aëronautics)
Defn: The weight supported per square unit of surface; the quotient obtained by dividing the gross weight, in pounds, of a fully loaded flying machine, by the total area, in square feet, of its supporting surface.
SURFACER
Sur"fa*cer, n.
Defn: A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
SURFACE TENSION
Sur"face ten"sion. (Physics)
Defn: That property, due to molecular forces, which exists in the surface film of all liquids and tends to bring the contained volume into a form having the least superficial area. The thickness of this film, amounting to less than a thousandth of a millimeter, is considered to equal the radius of the sphere of molecular action, that is, the greatest distance at which there is cohesion between two particles. Particles lying below this film, being equally acted on from all sides, are in equilibrium as to forces of cohesion, but those in the film are on the whole attracted inward, and tension results.
SURFBOAT
Surf"boat`, n. (Naut.)
Defn: A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of contact with the beach.
SURFEIT Sur"feit, n. Etym: [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait, excess, arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment, exaggerate, F. surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to make, do, L. facere. See Sur-, and Fact.]
1. Excess in eating and drinking. Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. Piers Plowman. Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made. Shak.
2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking. To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. Bunyan.
3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Sir P. Sidney. Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to surfeit. Burke.
SURFEIT
Sur"feit, v. i.
1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess. They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with nothing. Shak.
2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.
SURFEIT
Sur"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfeiting.]
1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; — often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with sweets.
2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with compliments. V. Knox.
SURFEITER
Sur"feit*er, n.
Defn: One who surfeits. Shak.
SURFEIT-WATER
Sur"feit-wa`ter, n.
Defn: Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] Locke.
SURFEL; SURFLE
Sur"fel, Sur"fle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sulphur.]
Defn: To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.] She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture. Ford.
SURFER
Surf"er, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The surf duck. [U. S.]
SURFMAN
Surf"man, n.; pl. Surmen (.
Defn: One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.
SURFOOT
Sur"foot`, a.
Defn: Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] Nares.
SURFY
Surf"y, a.
Defn: Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy
shore.
Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam around those
frightful caves. Moore.
SURGE Surge, n. Etym: [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon, fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie, Source.]
1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of water." Ld. Berners.
2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced generally by a high wind. He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed. James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.) He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. Dryden.
3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.
4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.
SURGE
Surge, v. i.
1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll. The surging waters like a mountain rise. Spenser.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To slip along a windlass.
SURGE
Surge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surging.] Etym:
[Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf. Surge, n.] (Naut.)
Defn: To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).
SURGEFUL
Surge"ful, a.
Defn: Abounding in surges; surgy. "Tossing the surgeful tides."
Drayton.
SURGELESS
Surge"less, a.
Defn: Free from surges; smooth; calm.
SURGENT
Sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. surgens, p.pr.]
Defn: Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] Robert Greene.
SURGEON
Sur"geon, n. Etym: [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien.
See Chirurgeon.]
1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of chætodont fishes of the family Teuthidæ, or Acanthuridæ, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon. Surgeon apothecary, one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary. Dunglison. — Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist. — Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above. — Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the chief of the medical department.
SURGEONCY
Sur"geon*cy, n.
Defn: The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service.
SURGEONRY
Sur"geon*ry, n.
Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]
SURGERY Sur"ge*ry, n. Etym: [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF. cirurgie, F. chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. Surgeon.]
1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional treatment.
2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.
SURGICAL
Sur"gi*cal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Pyæmia. (b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.
SURGICALLY
Sur"gi*cal*ly, adv.
Defn: By means of surgery.
SURGY
Sur"gy, a.
Defn: Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling. "Over the surgy main." Pope.
SURICAT
Su"ri*cat, n. Etym: [F. surikate, from the native name in South
Africa.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Zenick. [Written also suricate, surikate.]
SURINAM TOAD
Su`ri*nam" toad". (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.
SURINTENDANT
Sur`in*tend"ant, n. Etym: [F. See Superintendent.]
Defn: Superintendent. [R.]
SURLILY
Sur"li*ly, adv.
Defn: In a surly manner.
SURLINESS
Sur"li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being surly.
SURLING
Sur"ling, n. Etym: [See Surly.]
Defn: A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] Camden.
SURLOIN Sur"loin`, n. Etym: [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See Sur-, and Loin.]
Defn: A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.
SURLY Sur"ly, a. [Compar. Surlier; superl. Surliest.] Etym: [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]
1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly language; a surly look. "That surly spirit, melancholy." Shak.
3. Rough; dark; tempestuous. Now softened into joy the surly storm. Thomson.
SURMARK
Sur"mark`, n. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written also sirmark.]
SURMISABLE
Sur*mis"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.
SURMISAL
Sur*mis"al, n.
Defn: Surmise. [R.] Milton.
SURMISE Sur*mise", n. Etym: [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre, p.p. surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see Sur-) + mettre to put, set, L. mittere to send. See Mission.]
1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy. [We] double honor gain From his surmise proved false. Milton. No man ought to be charged with principles he actually disowns, unless his practicies contradict his profession; not upon small surmises. Swift.
2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] Shak.
Syn.
— Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.
SURMISE
Sur*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmising.]
Defn: To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess. It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what before she but surmised, was true. Dryden. This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it. Woodward.
SURMISER
Sur*mis"er, n.
Defn: One who surmises.
SURMISING
Sur*mis"ing, a. & n.
Defn: from Surmise, v.
SURMOUNT
Sur*mount", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmounted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surmounting.] Etym: [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter, sormonter, F.
surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See Sur-, and Mount, v. i.]
1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop. The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. Sir W. Raleigh.
2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles. Macaulay.
3. To surpass; to exceed. Spenser. What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.
Syn.
— To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.
SURMOUNTABLE
Sur*mount"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. surmontable.]
Defn: Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable.
— Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.
SURMOUNTED
Sur*mount"ed, a.
1. (Arch.)
Defn: Having its vertical height greater than the half span; — said of an arch.
2. (Her.)
Defn: Partly covered by another charge; — said of an ordinary or other bearing.
SURMOUNTER
Sur*mount"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, surmounts.
SURMULLET Sur*mul"let, n. Etym: [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish yellow, red + mulet a mullet. See Sorrel, a., and Mullet.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millidæ, esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly prized as a food fish. See Mullet.
SURMULOT
Sur"mu*lot, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The brown, or Norway, rat.
SURNAME Sur"name`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution for OE. sournoun, from F. surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]
1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.
Note: Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.
2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen. "My surname, Coriolanus." Shak.
Note: This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.
SURNAME
Sur*name", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surnamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surnaming.]
Etym: [Cf. F. surnommer.]
Defn: To name or call by an appellation added to the original name;
to give a surname to.
Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname
himself by the name of Israel. Isa. xliv. 5.
And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark iii. 16.
SURNOMINAL
Sur*nom"i*nal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.
SUROXIDATE
Sur*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)
Defn: To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide.
[Obs.]
SUROXIDE
Sur*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suroxyde. See Sur-, and Oxide.] (Chem.)
Defn: A peroxide. [Obs.]
SURPASS
Sur*pass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surpassed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surpassing.] Etym: [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to pass. See Sur-
, and Pass.]
Defn: To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel.
This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. Milton.
Syn.
— To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.
SURPASSABLE
Sur*pass"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be surpassed.
SURPASSING
Sur*pass"ing, a.
Defn: Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory
crowned." Milton.
— Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv.
— Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.
SURPHUL
Sur"phul, v. t.
Defn: To surfel. [Obs.] Marston.
SURPLICE Sur"plice, n. Etym: [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL. superpellicium; super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of fur, L. pellicius made of skins. See Pelisse.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in some of their ministrations. Surplice fees (Eccl.), fees paid to the English clergy for occasional duties.
SURPLICED
Sur"pliced, a.
Defn: Wearing a surplice.
SURPLUS Sur"plus, n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See Sur-, and Plus, and cf. Superplus.]
1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
SURPLUS
Sur"plus, a.
Defn: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words. When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus tillage, and break no more ground. Carew.
SURPLUSAGE
Sur"plus*age, n. Etym: [See Surplus, and cf. Superplusage.]
1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted. Take what thou please of all this surplusage. Spenser. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. Emerson.
2. (Law)
Defn: Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.
3. (Accounts)
Defn: A greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant amounts to. [Obs.] Rees.
SURPRISAL
Sur*pris"al, n. Etym: [See Surprise, n.]
Defn: The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise.
How to secure the lady from surprisal. Milton.
Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal. Barrow.
SURPRISE Sur*prise", n. Etym: [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris; sur over + prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Sur-, and Prehensile.]
1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by surprise.
2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen; emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited feeling of wonder or astonishment. Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house. Shak.
3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.
4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no other contents. [Obs.] King. Surprise party, a party of persons who assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a common friend. [U.S.] Bartlett.
Syn.
— Wonder; astonishment; amazement.
SURPRISE
Sur*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surprised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surprising.] Etym: [From Surprise, n.: cf. F. surprendre, p.p.
surpris.]
1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to seize or capture by unexpected attack. Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isa. xxxiii. 14. The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak. Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised his heart Thomson.
2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound; as, his conduct surprised me. I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak. Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. Milton.
3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to bring (one) into some unexpected state; — with into; as, to be surprised into an indiscretion; to be surprised into generosity.
4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.] Not with me, That in my hands surprise the sovereignity. J. Webster.
Syn.
— See Astonish.
SURPRISEMENT
Sur*prise"ment, n.
Defn: Surprisal. [Obs.] Daniel.
SURPRISER
Sur*pris"er, n.
Defn: One who surprises.
SURPRISING
Sur*pris"ing, a.
Defn: Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder
and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising escape from
danger.
— Sur*pris"ing*ly, adv.
— Sur*pris"ing*ness, n.
Syn.
— Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing; striking.
SURQUEDOUS; SURQUEDROUS
Sur"que*dous, Sur"que*drous, a.
Defn: Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.]
Gower. James II. of Scot.
SURQUEDRY; SURQUIDRY Sur"que*dry, Sur"qui*dry, n. Etym: [OF. surcuidier to presume; sur over + cuidier to think, L. cogitare. See Sur-, and Cogitate.]
Defn: Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Then pay you the price of your surquedry. Spenser.
SURREBOUND
Sur`re*bound", v. i.
Defn: To give back echoes; to reëcho. [Obs.] Chapman.
SURREBUT
Sur`re*but", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law)
Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.
SURREBUTER
Sur`re*but"er, n. (Law)
Defn: The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.
SURREIN
Sur"rein`, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur + rein.]
Defn: To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] Shak.
SURREJOIN
Sur`re*join", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law)
Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
SURREJOINDER
Sur`re*join"der, n. (Law)
Defn: The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
SURRENDER
Sur*ren"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrendered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surrendering.] Etym: [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur over + rendre to
render. See Sur-, and Render.]
1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's person to an enemy or to an officer; to surrender a fort or a ship.
2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage. To surrender up that right which otherwise their founders might have in them. Hooker.
3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; — used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep.
4. (Law)
Defn: To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a principal surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state, or a particular estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or reversion.
SURRENDER
Sur*ren"der, v. i.
Defn: To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield; as, the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.
SURRENDER
Sur*ren"der, n.
1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's person, or the possession of something, into the power of another; as, the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right. That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. Burke.
2. (Law)
Defn: The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an immediate estate in remainder or reversion. (b) The giving up of a principal into lawful custody by his bail. (c) The delivry up oh fugitives from justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state. See Extradition. Wharton.
SURRENDEREE
Sur*ren`der*ee", n. (Law)
Defn: The person to whom a surrender is made. Mozley & W.
SURRENDERER
Sur*ren"der*er, n.
Defn: One who surrenders.
SURRENDEROR
Sur*ren`der*or", n. (Law)
Defn: One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. Bouvier.
SURRENDRY
Sur*ren"dry, n.
Defn: Surrender. [Obs.]
SURREPTION
Sur*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf. Subreption.]
1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by
craft or stealth.
Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time, but lasteth not. B.
Jonson.
2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.
SURREPTITIOUS Sur`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. surreptitius, or subreptitius, fr. surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to withdraw privily; sub- under + rapere to snatch. See Sub-, and Ravish.]
Defn: Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a surreptitious passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious removal of goods. — Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.
SURREY
Sur"rey, n.
Defn: A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated) somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.
SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, n. Etym: [L. surrogatus, p.p. of surrogare, subrogare, to put in another's place, to substitute; sub under + rogare to ask, ask for a vote, propose a law. See Rogation, and cf. Subrogate.]
1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.
2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses. [Eng.]
3. In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of estates.
SURROGATE
Sur"ro*gate, v. t.
Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] Dr. H.
More.
SURROGATESHIP
Sur"ro*gate*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a surrogate.
SURROGATION
Sur`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [See Surrogate, n., and cf. Subrogation.]
Defn: The act of substituting one person in the place of another.
[R.] Killingbeck.
SURROUND
Sur*round", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Surrounding.] Etym: [OF. suronder to overflow, LL. superundare; fr.
L. super over + undare to rise in waves, overflow, fr. unda wave. The
English sense is due to the influence of E. round. See Super-, and
Undulate, and cf. Abound.]
1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.
2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall surrounds the city. But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me. Milton.
3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to surround the world. [Obs.] Fuller.
4. (Mil.)
Defn: To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so as to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city.
Syn.
— To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence about.
SURROUND
Sur*round", n.
Defn: A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a ravine, etc. [U.S.] Baird.
SURROUNDING
Sur*round"ing, a.
Defn: Inclosing; encircling.
SURROUNDING
Sur*round"ing, n.
1. An encompassing.
2. pl.
Defn: The things which surround or environ; external or attending circumstances or conditions.
SURROYAL
Sur*roy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the antler of the stag or other large deer.
SURSANURE
Sur"sa*nure, n. Etym: [(Assumed) OF. sursaneüre. See Sur-, and Sane.]
Defn: A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.]
Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure. Chaucer.
SURSEANCE
Sur"se*ance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See Surcease.]
Defn: Peace; quiet. [Obs.] Bacon.
SURSOLID
Sur*sol"id, n. Etym: [F. sursolide. See Sur-, and Solid.] (Math.)
Defn: The fifth power of a number; as, a is the sursolid of a, or 32 that of 2. [R.] Hutton.
SURSTYLE
Sur*style", v. t.
Defn: To surname. [R.]
SURSUM CORDA
Sur"sum cor"da. [L. sursum upward + corda hearts.] (Eccl.)
Defn: In the Eucharist, the versicles immediately before the preface, inviting the people to join in the service by "lifting up the heart" to God.
SURTAX
Sur"tax, n.
Defn: An additional or extra tax.
SURTAX
Sur*tax", v. t.
Defn: To impose an additional tax on.
SURTOUT
Sur*tout", n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + tout all.]
Defn: A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat. Gay.
SURTURBRAND Sur"tur*brand, n. Etym: [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr black + brandr a firebrand.]
Defn: A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.
SURUCUCU
Su`ru*cu"cu, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Bush master, under Bush.
SURVEILLANCE Sur*veil"lance, n. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over; sur over + veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See Sur-, and Vigil.]
Defn: Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision. That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have accused the old. Sir W. Scott.
SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, n.; pl. Surveillants. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over. See Surveillance.]
Defn: One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.
SURVEILLANT
Sur*veil"lant, a.
Defn: Overseeing; watchful.
SURVENE
Sur*vene", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survened; p. pr. & vb. n. Survening.]
Etym: [F. survenir. See Supervene.]
Defn: To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.]
A suppuration that survenes lethargies. Harvey.
SURVENUE
Sur"ve*nue, n. Etym: [OF. See Survene.]
Defn: A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]
SURVEY
Sur*vey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surveyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surveying.]
Etym: [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E. sur + veoir, veeir,
to see, F. voir, L. videre. See Sur-, and Vision, and cf. Supervise.]
1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the surrounding country. Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So high above. Milton.
2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine. With such altered looks, . . . All pale and speechless, he surveyed me round. Dryden.
3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey a building in order to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.
4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular measurments, and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry; as, to survey land or a coast.
5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same. [Eng.] Jacob (Law Dict.).
SURVEY Sur"vey, n. Etym: [Formerly accentuated universally on the last syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]
1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above. Under his proud survey the city lies. Sir J. Denham.
2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality; as, a survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.
3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of, as any part of the earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured plan and description of any portion of country, or of a road or line through it. Survey of dogs. See Court of regard, under Regard. — Trigonometrical survey, a survey of a portion of country by measuring a single base, and connecting it with various points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the angles of which are carefully measured, the relative positions and distances of all parts being computed from these data.
Syn.
— Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.
SURVEYAL
Sur*vey"al, n.
Defn: Survey. [R.] Barrow.
SURVEYANCE
Sur*vey"ance, n.
Defn: Survey; inspection. [R.]
SURVEYING
Sur*vey"ing, n.
Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface, the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys. Geodetic surveying, geodesy. — Maritime, or Nautical, surveying, that branch of surveying which determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc. — Plane surveying. See under Plane, a. — Topographical surveying, that branch of surveying which involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface of the earth.
SURVEYOR
Sur*vey"or, n.
1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an inspector. Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor of the fold Shak.
2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of highways, ordnance, etc.
3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the art of surveying.
4. (Customs) (a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors subject to duty; a gauger. (b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include the various measures to be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and value of merchandise brought into a port. Abbot. Surveyor general. (a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the king's manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.] (b) An officer having charge of the survey of the public lands of a land district. [U.S.] Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.). — Surveyor's compass. See Circumferentor. — Surveyor's level. See under Level.
SURVEYORSHIP
Sur*vey"or*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a surveyor.
SURVIEW
Sur*view", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. Survey.]
Defn: To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] "To surview his ground."
Spenser.
SURVIEW
Sur*view", n.
Defn: A survey. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.
SURVISE
Sur*vise", v. t. Etym: [See Supervise, and Survey.]
Defn: To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SURVIVAL
Sur*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Survive.]
1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the existence of, another person, thing, or event; an outliving.
2. (Arhæol. & Ethnol.)
Defn: Any habit, usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the
origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known.
The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners
and customs. Tylor.
Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under
Natural.
SURVIVANCE; SURVIVANCY
Sur*viv"ance, Sur*viv"an*cy, n. Etym: [F. survivance.]
Defn: Survivorship. [R.]
His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership. Bp. Burnet.
SURVIVE
Sur*vive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived; p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.]
Etym: [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See
Super-, and Victuals.]
Defn: To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than; to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper. I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak.
SURVIVE
Sur*vive", v. i.
Defn: To remain alive; to continue to live.
Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all
the conquerors. Sir J. Denham.
Alike are life and death, When life in death survives. Longfellow.
SURVIVENCY
Sur*viv"en*cy, n.
Defn: Survivorship. [R.]
SURVIVER
Sur*viv"er, n.
Defn: One who survives; a survivor.
SURVIVING
Sur*viv"ing, a.
Defn: Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.
SURVIVOR
Sur*viv"or, n.
1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing. The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak.
2. (Law)
Defn: The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.
SURVIVORSHIP
Sur*viv"or*ship, n.
1. The state of being a survivor.
1. (Law)
Defn: The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of other. Blackstone. Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.
SUSCEPTIBILITY Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Susceptibilities. Etym: [Cf. F. susceptibilité.]
1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected.
2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness. Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson.
Syn.
— Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.
SUSCEPTIBLE Sus*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) + capere to take. See Capable.]
1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration. It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day. Young.
2. Capable of impression; having nice sensibility; impressible; tender; sensitive; as, children are more susceptible than adults; a man of a susceptible heart. Candidates are . . . not very susceptible of affronts. Cowper. I am constitutionally susceptible of noises. Lamb. — Sus*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. — Sus*cep"ti*bly, adv.
SUSCEPTION
Sus*cep"tion, n. Etym: [L. susceptio: cf. F. susception. See
Susceptible.]
Defn: The act of taking; reception.
SUSCEPTIVE
Sus*cep"tive, a.
Defn: Susceptible. I. Watts.
— Sus*cep"tive*ness, n.
SUSCEPTIVITY
Sus`cep*tiv"i*ty, n.
Defn: Capacity for receiving; susceptibility. [R.] Wollaston.
SUSCEPTOR
Sus*cep"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Susceptible.]
Defn: One who undertakes anything; specifically, a godfather; a sponsor; a guardian. Puller. Shipley.
SUSCIPIENCY
Sus*cip"i*en*cy, n.
Defn: Admission. [R.]
SUSCIPIENT
Sus*cip"i*ent, a. Etym: [L. suscipiens, p.pr. of suscipere. See
Susceptible.]
Defn: Receiving; admitting. [R.]
SUSCIPIENT
Sus*cip"i*ent, n.
Defn: One who takes or admits; one who receives. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
SUSCITABILITY
Sus`ci*ta*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: Capability of being suscitated; excitability. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
SUSCITATE
Sus"ci*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suscitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suscitating.] Etym: [L. suscitatus, p.p. of suscitare to lift up, to
rouse; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + citare to rouse, excite. Cf. Excite,
Incite.]
Defn: To rouse; to excite; to call into life and action. [Obs.]
SUSCITATION
Sus`ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. suscitatio: cf. F. suscitation.]
Defn: The act of raising or exciting. [R.]
A mere suscitation or production of a thing. South.
SUSLIK
Sus"lik, n. Etym: [Russ. súslik'.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A ground squirrel (Spermophilus citillus) of Europe and Asia.
It has large cheek pouches. [Written also souslik.]
SUSPECT Sus*pect", a. Etym: [L. suspectus, p.p. of suspicere to look up, admire, esteem, to look at secretly or askance, to mistrust; sub under + specere to look: cf. F. suspect suspected, suspicious. See Spy, and cf. Suspicion.]
1. Suspicious; inspiring distrust. [Obs.] Suspect [was] his face, suspect his word also. Chaucer.
2. Suspected; distrusted. [Obs.] What I can do or offer is suspect. Milton.
SUSPECT
Sus*pect", n. Etym: [LL. suspectus. See Suspect, a.]
1. Suspicion. [Obs.] Chaucer. So with suspect, with fear and grief, dismayed. Fairfax.
2. One who, or that which, is suspected; an object of suspicion; — formerly applied to persons and things; now, only to persons suspected of crime. Bacon.
SUSPECT
Sus*pect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Suspecting.]
1. To imagine to exist; to have a slight or vague opinion of the existence of, without proof, and often upon weak evidence or no evidence; to mistrust; to surmise; — commonly used regarding something unfavorable, hurtful, or wrong; as, to suspect the presence of disease. Nothing makes a man suspect much, more than to know little; and therefore men should remedy suspicion by producing to know more. Bacon. From her hand I could suspect no ill. Milton.
2. To imagine to be guilty, upon slight evidence, or without proof; as, to suspect one of equivocation.
3. To hold to be uncertain; to doubt; to mistrust; to distruct; as, to suspect the truth of a story. Addison.
4. To look up to; to respect. [Obs.]
Syn.
— To mistrust; distrust; surmise; doubt.
SUSPECT
Sus*pect", v. i.
Defn: To imagine guilt; to have a suspicion or suspicions; to be
suspicious.
If I suspect without cause, why then make sport at time. Shak.
SUSPECTABLE
Sus*pect"a*ble, a.
Defn: That may be suspected.
SUSPECTED
Sus*pect"ed, a.
Defn: Distrusted; doubted.
— Sus*pect"ed*ly, adv.
— Sus*pect"ed*ness, n.
SUSPECTER
Sus*pect"er, n.
Defn: One who suspects.
SUSPECTFUL
Sus*pect"ful, a.
Defn: Apt to suspect or mistrust; full of suspicion; suspicious; as, to be suspectful of the motives of others. Milton. — Sus*pect"ful*ness, n.
SUSPECTION
Sus*pec"tion, n.
Defn: Suspicion. [Obs.]
SUSPECTIOUSNESS
Sus*pec"tious*ness, n.
Defn: Suspiciousness; cause for suspicion. [Obs. & R.] Ld. Berners.
SUSPECTLESS
Sus*pect"less, a.
1. Not suspecting; having no suspicion. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.
2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. [R.] Beau. & Fl.
SUSPEND Sus*pend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suspended; p. pr. & vb. n. Suspending.] Etym: [F. suspendre, or OF. souspendre (where the prefix is L. subtus below, from sub under), L. suspendere, suspensum; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + pendere to hang. See Pedant, and cf. Suspense, n.]
1. To attach to something above; to hang; as, to suspend a ball by a thread; to suspend a needle by a loadstone.
2. To make to depend; as, God hath suspended the promise of eternal life on the condition of obedience and holiness of life. [Archaic] Tillotson.
3. To cause to cease for a time; to hinder from proceeding; to interrupt; to delay; to stay. Suspend your indignation against my brother. Shak. The guard nor fights nor fies; their fate so near At once suspends their courage and their fear. Denham.
4. To hold in an undetermined or undecided state; as, to suspend one's judgment or opinion. Locke.
5. To debar, or cause to withdraw temporarily, from any privilege, from the execution of an office, from the enjoyment of income, etc.; as, to suspend a student from college; to suspend a member of a club. Good men should not be suspended from the exercise of their ministry and deprived of their livelihood for ceremonies which are on all hands acknowledged indifferent. Bp. Sanderson.
6. To cause to cease for a time from operation or effect; as, to suspend the habeas corpus act; to suspend the rules of a legislative body.
7. (Chem.)
Defn: To support in a liquid, as an insoluble powder, by stirring, to facilitate chemical action. To suspend payment (Com.), to cease paying debts or obligations; to fail; — said of a merchant, a bank, etc.
Syn.
— To hang; interrupt; delay; intermit; stay; hinder; debar.
SUSPEND
Sus*pend", v. i.
Defn: To cease from operation or activity; esp., to stop payment, or be unable to meet obligations or engagements (said of a commercial firm or a bank).
SUSPENDER
Sus*pend"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, suspends; esp., one of a pair of straps or braces worn over the shoulders, for holding up the trousers.
SUSPENSATION Sus`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. suspensatio suspension from a charge or benefice.]
Defn: The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended, especially for a short time; temporary suspension.
SUSPENSE
Sus*pense", a. Etym: [F. suspens, L. suspensus, p.p. of suspendere.
See Suspend.]
1. Held or lifted up; held or prevented from proceeding. [Obs.] [The great light of day] suspense in heaven. Milton.
2. Expressing, or proceeding from, suspense or doubt. [Obs.] "Expectation held his look suspense." Milton.
SUSPENSE
Sus*pense", n. Etym: [From F. suspens, a. See Suspense, a.]
1. The state of being suspended; specifically, a state of uncertainty and expectation, with anxiety or apprehension; indetermination; indecision; as, the suspense of a person waiting for the verdict of a jury. Ten days the prophet in suspense remained. Denham. Upon the ticklish balance of suspense. Cowper.
2. Cessation for a time; stop; pause. A cool suspense from pleasure and from pain. Pope.
3. Etym: [Cf. F. suspense.] (Law)
Defn: A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent. Suspense account (Bookkeeping), an account in which receipts or disbursements are temporarily entered until their proper position in the books is determined.
SUSPENSELY
Sus*pense"ly, adv.
Defn: In suspense. [Obs.] Hales.
SUSPENSIBILITY
Sus*pen`si*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being suspensible.
SUSPENSIBLE
Sus*pen"si*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being suspended; capable of being held from sinking.
SUSPENSION Sus*pen"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspension, L. suspensio arched work, imperfect pronunciation. See Suspend.]
1. The act of suspending, or the state of being suspended; pendency; as, suspension from a hook.
2. Especially, temporary delay, interruption, or cessation; as: (a) Of labor, study, pain, etc. (b) Of decision, determination, judgment, etc.; as, to ask a suspension of judgment or opinion in view of evidence to be produced. (c) Of the payment of what is due; as, the suspension of a mercantile firm or of a bank. (d) Of punishment, or sentence of punishment. (e) Of a person in respect of the exercise of his office, powers, prerogative, etc.; as, the suspension of a student or of a clergyman. (f) Of the action or execution of law, etc.; as, the suspension of the habeas corpus act.
3. A conditional withholding, interruption, or delay; as, the suspension of a payment on the performance of a condition.
4. The state of a solid when its particles are mixed with, but undissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining; also, any substance in this state.
5. (Rhet.)
Defn: A keeping of the hearer in doubt and in attentive expectation of what is to follow, or of what is to be the inference or conclusion from the arguments or observations employed.
6. (Scots Law)
Defn: A stay or postponement of execution of a sentence condemnatory by means of letters of suspension granted on application to the lord ordinary.
7. (Mus.)
Defn: The prolongation of one or more tones of a chord into the chord which follows, thus producing a momentary discord, suspending the concord which the ear expects. Cf. Retardation. Pleas in suspension (Law), pleas which temporarily abate or suspend a suit. — Points of suspension (Mech.), the points, as in the axis or beam of a balance, at which the weights act, or from which they are suspended. — Suspension bridge, a bridge supported by chains, ropes, or wires, which usually pass over high piers or columns at each end, and are secured in the ground beyond. — Suspension of arms (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for burying the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc. — Suspension scale, a scale in which the platform hangs suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting upon it.
Syn.
— Delay; interruption; intermission; stop.
SUSPENSIVE
Sus*pen"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensif. See Suspend.]
Defn: Tending to suspend, or to keep in suspense; causing interruption or delay; uncertain; doubtful. "In suspensive thoughts." Beaumont. "A suspensive veto." Macaulay. The provisional and suspensive attitude. J. Morley. Suspensive condition (Scots Law), a condition precedent, or a condition without the performance of which the contract can not be completed.
SUSPENSOR
Sus*pen"sor, n. Etym: [NL.]
1. A suspensory.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The cord which suspends the embryo; and which is attached to the radicle in the young state; the proembryo.
SUSPENSORIUM
Sus`pen*so"ri*um, n.; pl. Suspensoria. Etym: [NL.] (Anat.)
Defn: Anything which suspends or holds up a part: especially, the mandibular suspensorium (a series of bones, or of cartilages representing them) which connects the base of the lower jaw with the skull in most vertebrates below mammals.
SUSPENSORY
Sus*pen"so*ry, a.
1. Suspended; hanging; depending.
2. Fitted or serving to suspend; suspending; as, a suspensory muscle. Ray.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a suspensorium.
SUSPENSORY
Sus*pen"so*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suspensoir, suspensoire.]
Defn: That which suspends, or holds up, as a truss; specifically
(Med.),
Defn: a bandage or bag for supporting the scrotum.
SUSPICABLE Sus"pi*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. suspacabilis, fr. suspicari to suspect, akin to suspicere. See Suspect, v. t.]
Defn: Liable to suspicion; suspicious. [Obs.]
It is a very suspicable business. Dr. H. more.
SUSPICIENCY
Sus*pi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [From L. suspiciens, p.pr. of suspicere. See
Suspect, v. t.]
Defn: Suspiciousness; suspicion. [Obs.] Hopkins.
SUSPICION Sus*pi"cion, n. Etym: [OE. suspecioun, OF. souspeçon, F. soupçon, L. suspectio a looking up to, an esteeming highly, suspicion, fr. suspicere to look up, to esteem, to mistrust. The modern form suspicion in English and French is in imitation of L. suspicio mistrust, suspicion. See Suspect, and cf. Suspicious.]
1. The act of suspecting; the imagination or apprehension of the existence of something (esp. something wrong or hurtful) without proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evidence. Suspicions among thoughts are like bats among birds, they ever fly by twilight. Bacon.
2. Slight degree; suggestion; hint. [Colloq.] The features are mild but expressive, with just a suspicion . . . of saturnine or sarcastic humor. A. W. Ward.
Syn.
— Jealousy; distrust; mistrust; diffidence; doubt.
SUSPICION
Sus*pi"cion, v. t.
Defn: To view with suspicion; to suspect; to doubt. [Obs. or Low]
South.
SUSPICIOUS
Sus*pi"cious, a. Etym: [OE. suspecious; cf. L. suspiciosus. See
Suspicion.]
1. Inclined to suspect; given or prone to suspicion; apt to imagine without proof. Nature itself, after it has done an injury, will ever be suspicious; and no man can love the person he suspects. South. Many mischievous insects are daily at work to make men of merit suspicious of each other. Pope.
2. Indicating suspicion, mistrust, or fear. We have a suspicious, fearful, constrained countenance. Swift.
3. Liable to suspicion; adapted to raise suspicion; giving reason to imagine ill; questionable; as, an author of suspicious innovations; suspicious circumstances. I spy a black, suspicious, threatening could. Shak.
Syn.
— Jealous; distrustful; mistrustful; doubtful; questionable. See
Jealous.
— Sus*pi"cious*ly, adv.
— Sus*pi"cious*ness, n.
SUSPIRAL
Sus*pir"al, n. Etym: [From Suspire.]
1. A breathing hole; a vent or ventiduct.
2. A spring of water passing under ground toward a cistern or conduit.
SUSPIRATION
Sus`pi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. suspiratio. See Suspire.]
Defn: The act of sighing, or fetching a long and deep breath; a deep
respiration; a sigh.
Windy suspiration of forced breath. Shak.
SUSPIRE Sus*pire", v. i. Etym: [L. suspirare to breathe out, to sigh; sub under + spirare to breathe: cf. F. souspirer, OF. souspirer.]
Defn: To fetch a long, deep breath; to sigh; to breathe. Shak.
Fireflies that suspire In short, soft lapses of transported flame.
Mrs. Browning.
SUSPIRE
Sus*pire", n. Etym: [Cf. L. suspirium.]
Defn: A long, deep breath; a sigh. [Obs.]
SUSPIRED
Sus*pired", a.
Defn: Ardently desired or longed for; earnestly coveted. [Obs.] Sir
H. Wotton.
SUSTAIN
Sus*tain", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sustained; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sustaining.] Etym: [OE. sustenen, susteinen, OF. sustenir, sostenir,
F. soutenir (the French prefix is properly fr. L. subtus below, fr.
sub under), L. sustinere; pref. sus- (see Sub-) + tenere to hold. See
Tenable, and cf. Sustenance.]
1. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support; as, a foundation sustains the superstructure; a beast sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight. Every pillar the temple to sustain. Chaucer.
2. Hence, to keep from sinking, as in despondence, or the like; to support. No comfortable expectations of another life to sustain him under the evils in this world. Tillotson.
3. To maintain; to keep alive; to support; to subsist; to nourish; as, provisions to sustain an army.
4. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate. Shak. His sons, who seek the tyrant to sustain. Dryden.
5. To endure without failing or yielding; to bear up under; as, to sustain defeat and disappointment.
6. To suffer; to bear; to undergo. Shall Turnus, then, such endless toil sustain Dryden. You shall sustain more new disgraces. Shak.
7. To allow the prosecution of; to admit as valid; to sanction; to continue; not to dismiss or abate; as, the court sustained the action or suit.
8. To prove; to establish by evidence; to corroborate or confirm; to be conclusive of; as, to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition.
Syn.
— To support; uphold; subsist; assist; relieve; suffer; undergo.
SUSTAIN
Sus*tain", n.
Defn: One who, or that which, upholds or sustains; a sustainer.
[Obs.]
I waked again, for my sustain was the Lord. Milton.
SUSTAINABLE
Sus*tain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. soutenable, OF. soustenable.]
Defn: Capable of being sustained or maintained; as, the action is not sustainable.
SUSTAINED
Sus*tained", a.
Defn: Held up to a certain pitch, degree, or level; uniform; as, sustained pasion; a sustained style of writing; a sustained note in music.
SUSTAINER
Sus*tain"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, sustains. Waterland.
SUSTAINMENT
Sus*tain"ment, n.
Defn: The act of sustaining; maintenance; support. Milton. Lowell.
SUSTALTIC
Sus*tal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Mournful; — said of a species of music among the ancient
Greeks. Busby.
SUSTENANCE
Sus"te*nance, n. Etym: [OF. sustenance, sostenance, soustenance: cf.
L. sustenentia endurance. See Sustain.]
1. The act of sustaining; support; maintenance; subsistence; as, the sustenance of the body; the sustenance of life.
2. That which supports life; food; victuals; provisions; means of living; as, the city has ample sustenance. "A man of little sustenance." Chaucer. For lying is thy sustenance, thy food. Milton.
SUSTENTACLE
Sus*ten"ta*cle, n. Etym: [L. sustentaculum. See Sustentation.]
Defn: Sustenance. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
SUSTENTACULAR
Sus`ten*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [See Sustenance.] (Anat.)
Defn: Supporting; sustaining; as, a sustentacular tissue.
SUSTENTATE
Sus"ten*tate, v. t.
Defn: To sustain. [R.] C. Reade.
SUSTENTATION Sus`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. sustentatio sustenance, maintenance, fr. sustentare to support, maintain, v. intens. fr. sustinere to sustain: cf. F. sustentation. See Sustain.]
1. The act of sustaining, or the state of being sustained; preservation from falling; support; sustenance; maintenance.
2. (Physiol.)
Defn: The aggregate of the functions by which a living organism is maintained in a normal condition of weight and growth. Sustentation fund (Eccl.), a fund of a religious body for support of its ministers, chapels, etc.; as, the sustentation fund of the Free Church of Scotland.
SUSTENTATIVE
Sus"ten*ta*tive, a.
Defn: Adapted to sustain, strengthen, or corroborate; as, sustentative citations or quotations. Sustentative functions (Physiol.), those functions of the body which affect its material composition and thus determine its mass.
SUSTENTION
Sus*ten"tion, n.
Defn: Sustentation. [R. or Colloq.]
In fine images, in sustention, in irony, they surpass anything that
Burke ever wrote. J. Morley.
SUSTER; SUSTRE
Sus"ter, Sus"tre, n.; pl. Susters (, Sustres, or Sustren (.
Defn: Sister. [Obs.] Chaucer.
There are seven sustren, that serve truth ever. Piers Plowman.
SUSU
Su"su, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Soosoo.
SUSURRANT Su*sur"rant, a. Etym: [L. susurrans, p.pr. from susurrare to whisper.]
Defn: Whispering. [R.] "The soft susurrant sigh." Poetry of Anti-
Jacobin.
SUSURRATION Su`sur*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. susurratio, fr. susurrare to whisper: cf. F. susurration.]
Defn: A whispering; a soft murmur. "Soft susurrations of the trees."
Howell.
SUSURRINGLY
Su*sur"ring*ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner of a whisper. [Obs.]
SUSURROUS
Su*sur"rous, a. Etym: [L. susurrus.]
Defn: Whispering; rustling; full of whispering sounds. [R.]
SUSURRUS
Su*sur"rus, n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: The act of whispering; a whisper; a murmur. De Quincey.
The soft susurrus and sighs of the branches. Longfellow.
SUTILE
Su"tile, a. Etym: [L. sutilis, fr. suere to sew: cf. F. sutile.]
Defn: Done by stitching. [R.] Boswell.
SUTLER Sut"ler, n. Etym: [D. zoetelaar, OD. soetelaar, a small trader, especially in camps, fr. soetelen to undertake low offices; cf. G. sudeln to do dirty work, to sully, soil, E. suds.]
Defn: A person who follows an army, and sells to the troops provisions, liquors, and the like.
SUTLERSHIP
Sut"ler*ship, n.
Defn: The condition or occupation of a sutler.
SUTLING
Sut"ling, a.
Defn: Belonging to sutlers; engaged in the occupation of a sutler.
Addison.
SUTOR
Su"tor, n.
Defn: A kind of sirup made by the Indians of Arizona from the fruit of some cactaceous plant (probably the Cereus giganteus).
SUTRA Su"tra, n.; pl. Sutras. Etym: [Skr. s a thread, a string of rules; an aphorism; fr. siv to sew.]
1. (a) A precept; an aphorism; a brief rule. (b) A collection of such aphorisms.
2. pl.
Defn: A body of Hindoo literature containing aphorisms on grammar, meter, law, and philosophy, and forming a connecting link between the Vedic and later Sanscrit literature. Balfour (Cyc. of India).
SUTTEE Sut*tee", n. Etym: [Skr. sati a faithful wife, fem. of sant existing, real, true, good, p.pr. of as to be. Cf. Sooth.]
1. A Hindoo widow who immolates herself, or is immolated, on the funeral pile of her husband; — so called because this act of self- immolation is regarded as envincing excellence of wifely character. [India]
2. The act of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her husband. [India]
Note: The practice, though abolished in British India law in 1829, is not wholly prevented.
SUTTEEISM
Sut*tee"ism, n.
Defn: The practice of self-immolation of widows in Hindostan.
SUTTLE
Sut"tle, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Com.)
Defn: The weight when the tare has been deducted, and tret is yet to be allowed. M
SUTTLE
Sut"tle, v. i. Etym: [See Sutler.]
Defn: To act as sutler; to supply provisions and other articles to troops.
SUTURAL
Su"tur*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sutural, NL. suturals.]
1. Of or pertaining to a suture, or seam.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Taking place at a suture; as, a sutural de.
SUTURALLY
Su"tur*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sutural manner.
SUTURATED
Su"tur*a`ted, a.
Defn: Sewed or knit together; united by a suture; stitched.
SUTURE
Su"ture, n. Etym: [L. sutura, fr. suere, sutum, to sew or stitch: cf.
F. suture. See Sew to unite with thread.]
1. The act of sewing; also, the line along which two things or parts are sewed together, or are united so as to form a seam, or that which resembles a seam.
2. (Surg.) (a) The uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. (b) The stitch by which the parts are united.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: The line of union, or seam, in an immovable articulation, like those between the bones of the skull; also, such an articulation itself; synarthrosis. See Harmonic suture, under Harmonic.
4. (Bot.) (a) The line, or seam, formed by the union of two margins in any part of a plant; as, the ventral suture of a legume. (b) A line resembling a seam; as, the dorsal suture of a legume, which really corresponds to a midrib.
5. (Zoöl.) (a) The line at which the elytra of a beetle meet and are sometimes confluent. (b) A seam, or impressed line, as between the segments of a crustacean, or between the whorls of a univalve shell. Glover's suture, Harmonic suture, etc. See under Glover, Harmonic, etc.
SUTURED
Su"tured, a.
Defn: Having a suture or sutures; knit or united together. Pennant.
SUWARROW
Su*war"row, n. (Bot.)
Defn: The giant cactus (Cereus giganteus); — so named by the Indians of Arizona. Called also saguaro.
SUZERAIN Su"ze*rain, n. Etym: [F., formed fr. sus above, L. susum, sursum (fr. sub under + versum, p.p. of vertere to turn), after the analogy of souverain, E. sovereign. See Sub-, and Verse.]
Defn: A superior lord, to whom fealty is due; a feudal lord; a lord paramount.
SUZERAINTY
Su"ze*rain*ty, n. Etym: [F. suzeraineté.]
Defn: The dominion or authority of a suzerain; paramount authority.
SWA
Swa (swä), adv. Etym: [See So.]
Defn: So. [Obs.] Chaucer.
SWAB
Swab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swabbing.] Etym:
[See Swabber, n.]
Defn: To clean with a mop or swab; to wipe when very wet, as after washing; as, to swab the desk of a ship. [Spelt also swob.]
SWAB
Swab, n. Etym: [Written also swob.]
1. A kind of mop for cleaning floors, the desks of vessels, etc., esp. one made of rope-yarns or threads.
2. A bit of sponge, cloth, or the like, fastened to a handle, for cleansing the mouth of a sick person, applying medicaments to deep- seated parts, etc.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: An epaulet. [Sailor's Slang] Marryat.
4. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Obs.] Bailey.
5. A sponge, or other suitable substance, attached to a long rod or handle, for cleaning the bore of a firearm.
SWABBER
Swab"ber, v. t.
Defn: To swab. [R.]
SWABBER Swab"ber, n. Etym: [D. zwabber; cf.D. zwabberen to swab, G. schwabbern, Dan. svabre, Sw. svab a swab, svabla to swab.]
1. One who swabs a floor or desk. Shak.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: Formerly, an interior officer on board of British ships of war, whose business it was to see that the ship was kept clean.
3. Same as Swobber, 2.
SWAD
Swad, n. Etym: [Probably fr. AS. swe to bind.] [Written also swod.]
1. A cod, or pod, as of beans or pease. [Prov. Eng.] Swad, in the north, is a peascod shell — thence used for an empty, shallow-headed fellow. Blount.
2. A clown; a country bumpkin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Country swains, and silly swads." Greene. There was one busy fellow was their leader, A blunt, squat swad, but lower than yourself. B. Jonson.
3. A lump of mass; also, a crowd. [Low, U.S.]
4. (Coal Mining)
Defn: A thin layer of refuse at the bottom of a seam. Raymond.
SWADDLE
Swad"dle, n. Etym: [AS. swe, swe, fr. swe to bind. See Swathe.]
Defn: Anything used to swaddle with, as a cloth or band; a swaddling
band.
They put me in bed in all my swaddles. Addison.
SWADDLE
Swad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swaddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaddling.]
1. To bind as with a bandage; to bind or warp tightly with clothes; to swathe; — used esp. of infants; as, to swaddle a baby. They swaddled me up in my nightgown with long pieces of linen. Addison.
2. To beat; to cudgel. [Obs.] Hudibras.
SWADDLEBILL
Swad"dle*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The shoveler. [Local, U.S.]
SWADDLER
Swad"dler, n.
Defn: A term of contempt for an Irish Methodist. Shipley.
SWADDLING
Swad"dling, a. & n.
Defn: from Swaddle, v. Swaddling band, Swaddling cloth, or Swaddling clout, a band or cloth wrapped round an infant, especially round a newborn infant. Ye shall find the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, lying in a manger. Luke ii. 12.
SWAG
Swag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swagging.] Etym:
[Cf. Icel. sveggja, sveigja to bend, to sway, Norw. svaga to sway.
See Sway.]
1. To hang or move, as something loose and heavy; to sway; to swing. [Prov. Eng.]
2. To sink down by its weight; to sag. Sir H. Wotton. I swag as a fat person's belly swaggeth as he goeth. Palsgrave.
SWAG
Swag, n.
1. A swaying, irregular motion.
2. A burglar's or thief's booty; boodle. [Cant or Slang] Charles Reade.
SWAG-BELLIED
Swag"-bel`lied, a.
Defn: Having a prominent, overhanging belly. Shak.
SWAGBELLY
Swag"bel`ly, n.
1. A prominent, overhanging belly. Smollett.
2. (Med.)
Defn: Any large tumor developed in the abdomen, and neither fluctuating nor sonorous. Dunglison.
SWAGE
Swage, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaging.]
Etym: [Equiv. to suage, abbrev. fr. assuage.]
Defn: See Assuage. [Obs.]
SWAGE
Swage, n.
Defn: A tool, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths and other workers in metals, for shaping their work, whether sheet metal or forging, by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge. Swage block, a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging objects of large size.
SWAGE
Swage, v. t.
Defn: To shape by means of a swage; to fashion, as a piece of iron, by forcing it into a groove or mold having the required shape.
SWAGGER
Swag"ger, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swaggered; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaggering.]
Etym: [Freq. of swag.]
1. To walk with a swaying motion; hence, to walk and act in a pompous, consequential manner. A man who swaggers about London clubs. Beaconsfield.
2. To boast or brag noisily; to be ostentatiously proud or vainglorious; to bluster; to bully. What a pleasant it is . . . to swagger at the bar! Arbuthnot. To be great is not . . . to swagger at our footmen. Colier.
SWAGGER
Swag"ger, v. t.
Defn: To bully. [R.] Swift.
SWAGGER
Swag"ger, n.
Defn: The act or manner of a swaggerer.
He gave a half swagger, half leer, as he stepped forth to receive us.
W. Irving.
SWAGGERER
Swag"ger*er, n.
Defn: One who swaggers; a blusterer; a bully; a boastful, noisy fellow. Shak.
SWAGGIE
Swag"gie, n.
Defn: A swagman. [Australia]
SWAGGY
Swag"gy, a.
Defn: Inclined to swag; sinking, hanging, or leaning by its weight.
Sir T. Browne.
SWAGMAN
Swag"man, n.
Defn: A bushman carrying a swag and traveling on foot; — called also swagsman, swagger, and swaggie.
SWAGSMAN
Swags"man, n.
Defn: A swagman. [Australia]
SWAIN Swain, n. Etym: [OE. swain, swein, Icel. sveinn a boy, servant; akin to Sw. sven, Dan. svend, AS. swan, OHG. swein.]
1. A servant. [Obs.] Him behoves serve himself that has no swain. Chaucer.
2. A young man dwelling in the country; a rustic; esp., a cuntry gallant or lover; — chiefly in poetry. It were a happy life To be no better than a homely swain. Shak. Blest swains! whose nymphs in every grace excel. Pope.
SWAINISH
Swain"ish, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a swain; rustic; ignorant. "An ungentle and swainish beast." Milton. — Swain"ish*ness, n. Emerson.
SWAINLING
Swain"ling, n.
Defn: A little swain. [R.]
SWAINMOTE
Swain"mote`, n. Etym: [Swain + mote meeting: cf. LL. swanimotum.]
(Eng. Forest Law)
Defn: A court held before the verders of the forest as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every year, the swains, or freeholders, within the forest composing the jury. [Written also swanimote, and sweinmote.] Blackstone.
SWAINSHIP
Swain"ship, n.
Defn: The condition of a swain.
SWAIP
Swaip, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Sweep.]
Defn: To walk proudly; to sweep along. [Prov. Eng.] Todd.
SWAL
Swal, obs. imp. of Swell.
Defn: Swelled. Chaucer.
SWALE
Swale, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. svalr cool, svala to cool.]
Defn: A valley or low place; a tract of low, and usually wet, land; a moor; a fen. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
SWALE
Swale, v. i. & t.
Defn: To melt and waste away; to singe. See Sweal, v.
SWALE
Swale, n.
Defn: A gutter in a candle. [Prov. Eng.]
SWALLET Swal"let, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwall a sea swell, from schwellen to swell, E. swell.]
Defn: Water breaking in upon the miners at their work; — so called among tin miners. [Prov. Eng.]
SWALLOW Swal"low, n. Etym: [OE. swalowe, AS. swalewe, swealwe; akin to D. zwaluw, OHG. swalawa, G. schwalbe, Icel. & Sw. svala, Dan. svale.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of passerine birds of the family Hirundinidæ, especially one of those species in which the tail is deeply forked. They have long, pointed wings, and are noted for the swiftness and gracefulness of their flight.
Note: The most common North American species are the barn swallow (see under Barn), the cliff, or eaves, swallow (see under Cliff), the white-bellied, or tree, swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and the bank swallow (see under Bank). The common European swallow (Chelidon rustica), and the window swallow, or martin (Chelidon urbica), are familiar species.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of swifts which resemble the true swallows in form and habits, as the common American chimney swallow, or swift.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: The aperture in a block through which the rope reeves. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Swallow plover (Zoöl.), any one of several species of fork-tailed ploverlike birds of the genus Glareola, as G. orientalis of India; a pratincole. — Swallow shrike (Zoöl.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic birds of the family Artamiidæ, allied to the shrikes but similar to swallows in appearance and habits. The ashy swallow shrike (Artamus fuscus) is common in India. — Swallow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of East Indian and Australian singing birds of the genus Dicæum. They are allied to the honeysuckers.
SWALLOW Swal"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swallowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swallowing.] Etym: [OE. swolewen, swolwen, swolhen, AS. swelgan; akin to D. zwelgen, OHG. swelahan, swelgan, G. schwelgen to feast, to revel, Icel. svelgia to swallow, SW. svälja, Dan. svælge. Cf. Groundsel a plant.]
1. To take into the stomach; to receive through the gullet, or esophagus, into the stomach; as, to swallow food or drink. As if I had swallowed snowballs for pills. Shak.
2. To draw into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; to absorb — usually
followed by up. Milton.
The earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their houses.
Num. xvi. 32.
3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or belief, without examination or scruple; to receive implicitly. Though that story . . . be not so readily swallowed. Sir T. Browne.
4. To engross; to appropriate; — usually with up. Homer excels . . . in this, that he swallowed up the honor of those who succeeded him. Pope.
5. To occupy; to take up; to employ. The necessary provision of the life swallows the greatest part of their time. Locke.
6. To seize and waste; to exhaust; to consume. Corruption swallowed what the liberal hand Of bounty scattered. Thomson.
7. To retract; to recant; as, to swallow one's opinions. "Swallowed his vows whole." Shak.
8. To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation; as, to swallow an affront or insult.
Syn.
— To absorb; imbibe; ingulf; engross; consume. See Absorb.
SWALLOW
Swal"low, v. i.
Defn: To perform the act of swallowing; as, his cold is so severe he is unable to swallow.
SWALLOW
Swal"low, n.
1. The act of swallowing.
2. The gullet, or esophagus; the throat.
3. Taste; relish; inclination; liking. [Colloq.] I have no swallow for it. Massinger.
4. Capacity for swallowing; voracity. There being nothing too gross for the swallow of political rancor. Prof. Wilson.
5. As much as is, or can be, swallowed at once; as, a swallow of water.
6. That which ingulfs; a whirlpool. [Obs.] Fabyan.
SWALLOWER
Swal"low*er, n.
Defn: One who swallows; also, a glutton. Tatler.
SWALLOWFISH
Swal"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The European sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). It has large pectoral fins.
SWALLOWTAIL
Swal"low*tail`, n.
1. (Carp.)
Defn: A kind of tenon or tongue used in making joints. See Dovetail.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A species of willow.
3. (Fort.)
Defn: An outwork with converging sides, its head or front forming a reëntrant angle; — so called from its form. Called also priestcap.
4. A swallow-tailed coat. This Stultz coat, a blue swallowtail, with yellow buttons. Thackeray.
5. An arrow. Sir W. Scott.
6. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of large and handsome butterflies, belonging to Papilio and allied genera, in which the posterior border of each hind wing is prolongated in the form of a long lobe.
Note: The black swallowtail, or asterias (see Papilio), the blue swallowtail, or philenor, the tiger swallowtail, or turnus (see Turnus), and the zebra swallowtail, or ajax (see under Zebra) are common American species. See also Troilus.
SWALLOW-TAILED
Swal"low-tailed`, a.
1. Having a tail like that of a swallow; hence, like a swallow's tail in form; having narrow and tapering or pointed skirts; as, a swallow- tailed coat.
2. (Carp.)
Defn: United by dovetailing; dovetailed. Swallow-tailed duck (Zoöl.), the old squaw. — Swallow-tailed gull (Zoöl.), an Arctic gull (Xema furcata), which has a deeply forked tail. — Swallow-tailed hawk or kite (Zoöl.), the fork-tailed kite. — Swallow-tailed moth (Zoöl.), a European moth (Urapteryx sambucaria) having tail-like lobes on the hind wings.
SWALLOWWORT Swal"low*wort`, n. (Bot.) (a) See Celandine. (b) A poisonous plant (Vincetoxicum officinale) of the Milkweed family, at one time used in medicine; — also called white swallowwort. African swallowwort, a plant of the genus Stapelia.
SWAM
Swam,
Defn: imp. of Swim.
SWAMP Swamp, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. swam a fungus, OD. swam a sponge, D. zwam a fungus, G. schwamm a sponge, Icel. svöppr, Dan. & Sw. swamp, Goth. swamms, Gr. somfo`s porous, spongy.]
Defn: Wet, spongy land; soft, low ground saturated with water, but not usually covered with it; marshy ground away from the seashore. Gray swamps and pools, waste places of the hern. Tennyson. A swamp differs from a bog and a marsh in producing trees and shrubs, while the latter produce only herbage, plants, and mosses. Farming Encyc. (E. Edwards, Words). Swamp blackbird. (Zoöl.) See Redwing (b). — Swamp cabbage (Bot.), skunk cabbage. — Swamp deer (Zoöl.), an Asiatic deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) of India. — Swamp hen. (Zoöl.) (a) An Australian azure-breasted bird (Porphyrio bellus); — called also goollema. (b) An Australian water crake, or rail (Porzana Tabuensis); — called also little swamp hen. (c) The European purple gallinule. — Swamp honeysuckle (Bot.), an American shrub (Azalea, or Rhododendron, viscosa) growing in swampy places, with fragrant flowers of a white color, or white tinged with rose; — called also swamp pink. — Swamp hook, a hook and chain used by lumbermen in handling logs. Cf. Cant hook. — Swamp itch. (Med.) See Prairie itch, under Prairie. — Swamp laurel (Bot.), a shrub (Kalmia glauca) having small leaves with the lower surface glaucous. — Swamp maple (Bot.), red maple. See Maple. — Swamp oak (Bot.), a name given to several kinds of oak which grow in swampy places, as swamp Spanish oak (Quercus palustris), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor), swamp post oak (Q. lyrata). — Swamp ore (Min.), big ore; limonite. — Swamp partridge (Zoöl.), any one of several Australian game birds of the genera Synoicus and Excalfatoria, allied to the European partridges. — Swamp robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. — Swamp sassafras (Bot.), a small North American tree of the genus Magnolia (M. glauca) with aromatic leaves and fragrant creamy-white blossoms; — called also sweet bay. — Swamp sparrow (Zoöl.), a common North American sparrow (Melospiza Georgiana, or M. palustris), closely resembling the song sparrow. It lives in low, swampy places. — Swamp willow. (Bot.) See Pussy willow, under Pussy.
SWAMP
Swamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swamped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swamping.]
1. To plunge or sink into a swamp.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: To cause (a boat) to become filled with water; to capsize or sink by whelming with water.
3. Fig.: To plunge into difficulties and perils; to overwhelm; to ruin; to wreck. The Whig majority of the house of Lords was swamped by the creation of twelve Tory peers. J. R. Green. Having swamped himself in following the ignis fatuus of a theory. Sir W. Hamilton.
SWAMP
Swamp, v. i.
1. To sink or stick in a swamp; figuratively, to become involved in insuperable difficulties.
2. To become filled with water, as a boat; to founder; to capsize or sink; figuratively, to be ruined; to be wrecked.
SWAMPY
Swamp"y, a.
Defn: Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low, wet, and spongy; as, swampy land.
SWAN
Swan, n. Etym: [AS. swan; akin to D. zwaan, OHG. swan, G. schwan,
Icel. svanr, Sw. svan, Dan. svane; and perhaps to E. sound something
audible.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of numerous species of large aquatic birds belonging to Cygnus, Olor, and allied genera of the subfamily Cygninæ. They have a large and strong beak and a long neck, and are noted for their graceful movements when swimming. Most of the northern species are white. In literature the swan was fabled to sing a melodious song, especially at the time of its death.
Note: The European white, or mute, swan (Cygnus gibbus), which is most commonly domesticated, bends its neck in an S-shaped curve. The whistling, or trumpeting, swans of the genus Olor do not bend the neck in an S-shaped curve, and are noted for their loud and sonorous cry, due to complex convolutions of the windpipe. To this genus belong the European whooper, or whistling swan (Olor cygnus), the American whistling swan (O. Columbianus), and the trumpeter swan (O. buccinator). The Australian black swan (Chenopis atrata) is dull black with white on the wings, and has the bill carmine, crossed with a white band. It is a very graceful species and is often domesticated. The South American black-necked swan (Sthenelides melancorypha) is a very beautiful and graceful species, entirely white, except the head and neck, which are dark velvety seal-brown. Its bill has a double bright rose-colored knob.
2. Fig.: An appellation for a sweet singer, or a poet noted for grace and melody; as Shakespeare is called the swan of Avon.
3. (Astron.)
Defn: The constellation Cygnus. Swan goose (Zoöl.), a bird of India
(Cygnopsis cygnoides) resembling both the swan and the goose.
— Swan shot, a large size of shot used in fowling.
SWANG
Swang, obs.
Defn: imp. of Swing.
SWANG
Swang, n. Etym: [Cf. Swamp.]
Defn: A swamp. [Prov. Eng.]
SWANHERD
Swan"herd`, n.
Defn: One who tends or marks swans; as, the royal swanherd of
England.
SWAN-HOPPING
Swan"-hop`ping, n.
Defn: A corruption of Swan-upping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.
SWANIMOTE
Swan"i*mote, n. (Eng. Forest Law)
Defn: See Swainmote.
SWANKIE; SWANKY
Swank"ie, Swank"y, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwank flexible, pliant.]
Defn: An active and clever young fellow. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
SWANLIKE
Swan"like`, a.
Defn: Resembling a swan.
SWANMARK
Swan"mark`, n.
Defn: A mark of ownership cut on the bill or swan. [Eng.] Encyc.
Brit.
SWANNERY
Swan"ner*y, n.
Defn: A place where swans are bred. "The largest swannery in
England." Encyc. Brit.
SWANNY
Swan"ny, a.
Defn: Swanlike; as, a swanny glossiness of the neck. Richardson.
SWANPAN
Swan"pan, n. Etym: [Cf. Schwanpan.]
Defn: The Chinese abacus; a schwanpan. S. W. Williams.
SWAN'S-DOWN; SWANS-DOWN
Swan's"-down`, or; Swans"-down`, n.
1. The down, or fine, soft feathers, of the swan, used on various articles of dress.
2. A fine, soft, thick cloth of wool mixed with silk or cotton; a sort of twilled fustian, like moleskin. Swan's-down cotton. See Cotton flannel, under Cotton.
SWANSKIN
Swan"skin`, n.
1. The act of a swan with the down or the feathers on.
2. A species of soft flannel, thick and warm.
SWAN-UPPING
Swan"-up`ping, n.
Defn: A yearly expedition on the Thames to take up young swans and mark them, as by Companies of Dyers and Vintners; — called also swan-hopping. [Eng.] Encyc. Brit.
SWAP
Swap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Swapping.] Etym:
[OE. swappen to strike; cf. E. to strike a bargain; perh. akin to E.
sweep. Cf. Swap a blow, Swap, v. i.] [Written also swop.]
1. To strike; — with off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Swap off his head!" Chaucer.
2. To exchange (usually two things of the same kind); to swop. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth.
SWAP
Swap, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swap, v. t.]
1. To fall or descend; to rush hastily or violently. C. Richardson (Dict.). All suddenly she swapt adown to ground. Chaucer.
2. To beat the air, or ply the wings, with a sweeping motion or noise; to flap.
SWAP Swap, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schwapp, n., a slap, swap, schwapp, schwapps, interj., slap! smack! and E. swap, v.t.]
1. A blow; a stroke. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. An exchange; a barter. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.
SWAP
Swap, adv. Etym: [See Swap, n.]
Defn: Hastily. [Prov. Eng.]
SWAPE
Swape, n.
Defn: See Sweep, n., 12.
SWARD
Sward, n. Etym: [AS. sweard skin, covering; akin to OFries. swarge,
D. zwoord, G. schwarte, Icel. svör skin, sward of the earth.]
1. Skin; covering. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. The grassy surface of land; that part of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass; turf. The sward was trim as any garden lawn. Tennyson. Sward pork, bacon in large fitches. [Prov. Eng.]
SWARD
Sward, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Swarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarding.]
Defn: To produce sward upon; to cover, or be covered, with sward.
Mortimer.
SWARD-CUTTER Sward"-cut`ter, n. (a) A plow for turning up grass land. (b) A lawn mower.
SWARDED
Sward"ed, a.
Defn: Covered with sward. Mrs. Browning.
SWARDY
Sward"y, a.
Defn: Covered with sward or grass.
SWARE
Sware,
Defn: imp. of Swear. [Obs. or Poetic]
Cophetua sware a royal oath. Tennyson.
SWARF
Swarf, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]
Defn: To grow languid; to faint. [Scot.] "To swarf for very hunger."
Sir W. Scott.
SWARF
Swarf, n. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]
Defn: The grit worn away from grindstones in grinding cutlery wet.
[Prov. Eng.]
SWARM
Swarm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Swerve.]
Defn: To climb a tree, pole, or the like, by embracing it with the arms and legs alternately. See Shin. [Colloq.] At the top was placed a piece of money, as a prize for those who could swarm up and seize it. W. Coxe.
SWARM
Swarm, n. Etym: [OE. swarm, AS. swearm; akin to D. zwerm, G. schwarm,
OHG. swaram, Icel. svarmr a tumult, Sw. svärm a swarm, Dan. sværm,
and G. schwirren to whiz, to buzz, Skr. svar to sound, and perhaps to
E. swear. *177. Cf. Swerve, Swirl.]
1. A large number or mass of small animals or insects, especially when in motion. "A deadly swarm of hornets." Milton.
2. Especially, a great number of honeybees which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodgings under the direction of a queen; a like body of bees settled permanently in a hive. "A swarm of bees." Chaucer.
3. Hence, any great nimber or multitude, as of people in motion, or sometimes of inanimate objects; as, a swarm of meteorites. Those prodigious swarms that had settled themselves in every part of it [Italy]. Addison.
Syn.
— Multitude; crowd; throng.
SWARM
Swarm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swarmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swarming.]
1. To collect, and depart from a hive by flight in a body; — said of bees; as, bees swarm in warm, clear days in summer.
2. To appear or collect in a crowd; to throng together; to congregate in a multitude. Chaucer.
3. To be crowded; to be thronged with a multitude of beings in motion. Every place swarms with soldiers. Spenser.
4. To abound; to be filled (with). Atterbury.
5. To breed multitudes. Not so thick swarmed once the soil Bedropped with blood of Gorgon. Milton.
SWARM
Swarm, v. t.
Defn: To crowd or throng. Fanshawe.
SWARMSPORE
Swarm"spore`, n.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: One of innumerable minute, motile, reproductive bodies, produced asexually by certain algæ and fungi; a zoöspore.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the minute flagellate germs produced by the sporulation of a protozoan; — called also zoöspore.
SWART
Swart, n.
Defn: Sward. [Obs.] Holinshed.
SWART Swart, a. Etym: [OE. swart, AS. sweart black; akin to OFries, OS. & LG. swart, D. zwart, G. schwartz, OHG. swarz, Icel. svarir, Sw. svart, Dan. sort, Goth. swarts; cf. L. sordes dirt, sordere to be dirty. Cf. Sordid, Surd.]
1. Of a dark hue; moderately black; swarthy; tawny. "Swart attendants." Trench. "Swart savage maids." Hawthorne. A nation strange, with visage swart. Spenser.
2. Gloomy; malignant. [Obs.] Milton. Swart star, the Dog Star; — so called from its appearing during the hot weather of summer, which makes swart the countenance. [R.] Milton.
SWART
Swart, v. t.
Defn: To make swart or tawny; as, to swart a living part. Sir T.
Browne.
SWARTBACK
Swart"back`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The black-backed gull (Larus marinus); — called also swarbie.
[Prov. Eng.]
SWARTH
Swarth, a.
Defn: Swart; swarthy. "A swarth complexion." Chapman.
SWARTH
Swarth, n.
Defn: An apparition of a person about to die; a wraith. [Prov. Eng.]
Grose.
SWARTH
Swarth, n. Etym: [See Sward.]
Defn: Sward; short grass.
Grassy swarth, close cropped by nibbling sheep. Cowper.
SWARTH
Swarth, n.
Defn: See Swath.
SWARTHILY
Swarth"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a swarthy manner; with a tawny hue; duskily.
SWARTHINESS
Swarth"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being swarthy; a dusky or dark complexion; tawniness.
SWARTHNESS
Swarth"*ness, n.
Defn: Swarthiness. [R.] Dr. R. Clerke.
SWARTHY
Swarth"y, a. [Compar. Swarthier; superl. Swarthiest.] Etym: [See
Swart, a.]
Defn: Being of a dark hue or dusky complexion; tawny; swart; as, swarthy faces. "A swarthy Ethiope." Shak. Their swarthy hosts would darken all our plains. Addison.
SWARTHY
Swarth"y, v. t.
Defn: To make swarthy. [Obs.] Cowley.
SWARTINESS
Swart"i*ness, n.
Defn: Swarthiness. [Obs.]
SWARTISH
Swart"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat swart, dark, or tawny.
SWARTNESS
Swart"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being swart.
SWARTY
Swart"y, a.
Defn: Swarthy; tawny. [Obs.] Burton.
SWARVE
Swarve, v. i. Etym: [See Swerve.]
1. To swerve. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Jamieson.
2. To climb. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
SWASH
Swash, n. Etym: [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.] (Arch.)
Defn: An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to the axis of the work. Moxon. Swash plate (Mach.), a revolving circular plate, set obliquely on its shaft, and acting as a cam to give a reciprocating motion to a rod in a direction parallel to the shaft.
SWASH
Swash, a. Etym: [Cf. Swash, v. i., Squash, v. t.]
Defn: Soft, like fruit too ripe; swashy. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.
SWASH
Swash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swashing.] Etym:
[Probably of imitative origin; cf. Sw. svasska to splash, and, for
sense 3, Sw. svassa to bully, to rodomontade.]
1. To dash or flow noisily, as water; to splash; as, water swashing on a shallow place.
2. To fall violently or noisily. [Obs.] Holinshed.
3. To bluster; to make a great noise; to vapor or brag.
SWASH
Swash, n.
1. Impulse of water flowing with violence; a dashing or splashing of water.
2. A narrow sound or channel of water lying within a sand bank, or between a sand bank and the shore, or a bar over which the sea washes.
3. Liquid filth; wash; hog mash. [Obs.]
4. A blustering noise; a swaggering behavior. [Obs.]
5. A swaggering fellow; a swasher.
SWASHBUCKLER
Swash"buc`kler, n.
Defn: A bully or braggadocio; a swaggering, boastful fellow; a swaggerer. Milton.
SWASHER
Swash"er, n.
Defn: One who makes a blustering show of valor or force of arms.
Shak.
SWASHING
Swash"ing, a.
1. Swaggering; hectoring. "A swashing and martial outside." Shak.
2. Resounding; crushing. "Swashing blow." Shak.
SWASHWAY
Swash"way`, n.
Defn: Same as 4th Swash, 2.
SWASHY
Swash"y, a.
Defn: Soft, like fruit that is too ripe; quashy; swash. [Prov. Eng.]
SWASTIKA; SWASTICA Swas"ti*ka, Swas"ti*ca, n. [Also suastica, svastika, etc.] [Skr. svastika, fr. svasti walfare; su well + asti being.]
Defn: A symbol or ornament in the form of a Greek cross with the ends of the arms at right angles all in the same direction, and each prolonged to the height of the parallel arm of the cross. A great many modified forms exist, ogee and volute as well as rectilinear, while various decorative designs, as Greek fret or meander, are derived from or closely associated with it. The swastika is found in remains from the Bronze Age in various parts of Europe, esp. at Hissarlik (Troy), and was in frequent use as late as the 10th century. It is found in ancient Persia, in India, where both Jains and Buddhists used (or still use) it as religious symbol, in China and Japan, and among Indian tribes of North, Central, and South America. It is usually thought to be a charm, talisman, or religious token, esp. a sign of good luck or benediction. Max MüLler distinguished from the swastika, with arms prolonged to the right, the suavastika, with arms prolonged to the left, but this distinction is not commonly recognized. Other names for the swastika are fylfot and gammadion.
SWAT
Swat, obs.
Defn: imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.
SWATCH
Swatch, n.
1. A swath. [Obs.] Tusser.
2. A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth. Halliwell. Jamieson.
SWATE
Swate, obs.
Defn: imp. of Sweat. Thomson.
SWATH Swath, n. Etym: [AS. swa a track, trace; akin to D. zwaad, zwad, zwade, a swath of grass, G. schwad, schwaden; perhaps, originally, a shred. Cf. Swathe, v. t.]
1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing or cradling.
2. The whole sweep of a scythe, or the whole breadth from which grass or grain is cut by a scythe or a machine, in mowing or cradling; as, to cut a wide swath.
3. A band or fillet; a swathe. Shak. Swath bank, a row of new-mown grass. [Prov. Eng.]
SWATHE
Swathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swathing.] Etym:
[OE. swathen, AS. swe. See Swath, n., and cf. Swaddle.]
Defn: To bind with a swathe, band, bandage, or rollers. Their children are never swathed or bound about with any thing when they are first born. Abp. Abbot.
SWATHE
Swathe, n.
Defn: A bandage; a band; a swath.
Wrapped me in above an hundred yards of swathe. Addison.
Milk and a swathe, at first, his whole demand. Young.
The solemn glory of the afternoon, with its long swathes of light
between the far off rows of limes. G. Eliot.
SWATHER
Swath"er, n. Etym: [See Swath, n.] (Agric.)
Defn: A device attached to a mowing machine for raising the uncut fallen grain and marking the limit of the swath.
SWATTE
Swat"te, obs.
Defn: imp. of Sweat. Chaucer.
SWAY
Sway, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swaying.] Etym:
[OE. sweyen, Icel. sveigja, akin to E. swing; cf. D. zwaaijen to
wield, swing. See Swing, and cf. Swag, v. i.]
1. To move or wield with the hand; to swing; to wield; as, to sway the scepter. As sparkles from the anvil rise, When heavy hammers on the wedge are swayed. Spenser.
2. To influence or direct by power and authority; by persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide. The will of man is by his reason swayed. Shak. She could not sway her house. Shak. This was the race To sway the world, and land and sea subdue. Dryden.
3. To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp; as, reeds swayed by wind; judgment swayed by passion. As bowls run true by being made On purpose false, and to be swayed. Hudibras. Let not temporal and little advantages sway you against a more durable interest. Tillotson.
4. (Naut.)
Defn: To hoist; as, to sway up the yards.
Syn. — To bias; rule; govern; direct; influence; swing; move; wave; wield.
SWAY
Sway, v. i.
1. To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to incline. The balance sways on our part. Bacon.
2. To move or swing from side to side; or backward and forward.
3. To have weight or influence. The example of sundry churches . . . doth sway much. Hooker.
4. To bear sway; to rule; to govern. Hadst thou swayed as kings should do. Shak.
SWAY
Sway, n.
1. The act of swaying; a swaying motion; the swing or sweep of a weapon. With huge two-handed sway brandished aloft. Milton.
2. Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side; as, the sway of desires. A. Tucker.
3. Preponderance; turn or cast of balance. Expert When to advance, or stand, or turn the sway Of battle. Milton.
4. Rule; dominion; control. Cowper. When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a private station. Addison.
5. A switch or rod used by thatchers to bind their work. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Syn. — Rule; dominion; power; empire; control; influence; direction; preponderance; ascendency.
SWAY-BACKED
Sway"-backed`, a.
Defn: Having the back hollow or sagged, whether naturally or as the result of injury or weakness; — said of horses and other animals.
SWAY BAR Sway bar. (Vehicles) (a) A bar attached to the hounds, in the rear of the front axle, so as to slide on the reach as the axle is swung in turning the vehicle. (b) Either of the two bars used in coupling the front and rear sleds of a logging sled; also, the bar used to couple two logging cars.
SWAY-BRACING
Sway"-bra`cing, n. (Engin.)
Defn: The horizontal bracing of a bridge, which prevents its swaying.
SWAYED
Swayed, a.
Defn: Bent down, and hollow in the back; sway-backed; — said of a horse. Shak.
SWAYFUL
Sway"ful, a.
Defn: Able to sway. [R.] Rush.
SWAYING
Sway"ing, n.
Defn: An injury caused by violent strains or by overloading; — said of the backs of horses. Crabb.
SWEAL
Sweal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Swealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Swealing.] Etym:
[OE. swelen to burn, AS. swelan; akin to G. schwelen to burn slowly,
schwül sultry, Icel. svæla a thick smoke.]
Defn: To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle; to waste away without feeding the flame. [Written also swale.] Sir W. Scott.
SWEAL
Sweal, v. t.
Defn: To singe; to scorch; to swale; as, to sweal a pig by singeing off the hair.
SWEAR Swear, v. i. [imp. Swore, formerly Sware (; p. p. Sworn; p. pr. & vb. n. Swearing.] Etym: [OE. swerien, AS. swerian; akin to D. zweren, OS. swerian, OHG. swerien, G. schwören, Icel. sverja, Sw. svärja, Dan. sværge, Icel. & Sw. svara to answer, Dan. svare, Dan. & Sw. svar an answer, Goth. swaran to swear, and perhaps to E. swarm. *177. Cf. Answer.]
1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed; to make a promise, threat, or resolve on oath; also, to affirm solemnly by some sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the Bible, the Koran, etc. Ye shall swear by my name falsely. Lev. xix. 12. I swear by all the Roman gods. Shak.
2. (Law)
Defn: To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth of a statement; he swore against the prisoner.
3. To make an appeal to God in an irreverant manner; to use the name of God or sacred things profanely; to call upon God in imprecation; to curse. [I] swore little; diced not above seven times a week. Shak. To swear by, to place great confidence in a person or thing; to trust implicitly as an authority. "I simply meant to ask if you are one of those who swear by Lord Verulam." Miss Edgeworth. — To swear off, to make a solemn vow, or a serious resolution, to abstain from something; as, to swear off smoking. [Slang]
SWEAR
Swear, v. t.
1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or resolve) under oath. Swear unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Gen. xxi. 23. He swore consent to your succession. Shak.
2. (Law)
Defn: To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; to administer an oath to; — ofetn followed by in or into; as, to swear witnesses; to swear a jury; to swear in an officer; he was sworn into office.
3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, he swore treason against his friend. Johnson.
4. To appeal to by an oath. Now, by Apollo, king, Thou swear'st thy gods in vain. Shak. To swear the peace against one, to make oath that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person, in which case the person must find sureties that he will keep the peace.
SWEARER
Swear"er, n.
1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration.
2. A profane person; one who uses profane language. Then the liars and swearers are fools. Shak.
SWEARING
Swear"ing, a. & n.
Defn: from Swear, v.
Idle swearing is a cursedness. Chaucer.
SWEAT Sweat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sweat or Sweated (Obs. Swat ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sweating.] Etym: [OE. sweten, AS. swætan, fr. swat, n., sweat; akin to OFries. & OS. swet, D. zweet, OHG. sweiz, G. schweiss, Icel. sviti, sveiti, Sw. svett, Dan. sved, L. sudor sweat, sudare to sweat, Gr. sveda sweat, svid to sweat. *178. Cf. Exude, Sudary, Sudorific.]
1. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to perspire. Shak.
2. Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to drudge. He 'd have the poets sweat. Waller.
3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.
SWEAT
Sweat, v. t.
1. To cause to excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to perspire; as, his physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful sudorifics.
2. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exude. It made her not a drop for sweat. Chaucer. With exercise she sweat ill humors out. Dryden.
3. To unite by heating, after the application of soldier.
4. To get something advantageous, as money, property, or labor from (any one), by exaction or oppression; as, to sweat a spendthrift; to sweat laborers. [Colloq.] To sweat coin, to remove a portion of a piece of coin, as by shaking it with others in a bag, so that the friction wears off a small quantity of the metal. The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it in circulation again after having diminished its weight by "sweating", or otherwise, because the quantity of metal contains is no longer consistent with its impression. R. Cobden.
SWEAT
Sweat, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. swot, AS. swat. See Sweat, v. i.]
1. (Physiol.)
Defn: The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an animal; the fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a transparent, colorless, acid liquid with a peculiar odor, containing some fatty acids and mineral matter; perspiration. See Perspiration. In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen. iii. 19.
2. The act of sweating; or the state of one who sweats; hence, labor; toil; drudgery. Shak.
3. Moisture issuing from any substance; as, the sweat of hay or grain in a mow or stack. Mortimer.
4. The sweating sickness. [Obs.] Holinshed.
5. (Man.)
Defn: A short run by a race horse in exercise. Sweat box (Naut.), a
small closet in which refractory men are confined.
— Sweat glands (Anat.), sudoriferous glands. See under
Sudoriferous.
SWEATER
Sweat"er, n.
1. One who sweats.
2. One who, or that which, causes to sweat; as: (a) A sudorific. (b) A woolen jacket or jersey worn by athletes. (c) An employer who oppresses his workmen by paying low wages. [Slang]
SWEATILY
Sweat"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a sweaty manner.
SWEATINESS
Sweat"i*ness, n.
Defn: Quality or state of being sweaty.
SWEATING
Sweat"ing,
Defn: a. & n. from Sweat, v. Sweating bath, a bath producing sensible sweat; a stove or sudatory. — Sweating house, a house for sweating persons in sickness. — Sweating iron, a kind of knife, or a piece of iron, used to scrape off sweat, especially from horses; a horse scraper. — Sweating room. (a) A room for sweating persons. (b) (Dairying) A room for sweating cheese and carrying off the superfluous juices. — Sweating sickness (Med.), a febrile epidemic disease which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particularly in England, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, characterized by profuse sweating. Death often occured in a few hours.
SWEATY
Sweat"y, a. [Compar. Sweatier; superl. Sweatiest.]
1. Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.
2. Consisting of sweat; of the nature of sweat. No noisome whiffs or sweaty streams. Swift.
3. Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome; difficult. "The sweaty forge." Prior.
SWEDE
Swede, n. Etym: [Cf. G. Schwede.]
1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A Swedish turnip. See under Turnip.
SWEDENBORGIAN
Swe`den*bor"gi*an, n.
Defn: One who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as taught by Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish philosopher and religious writer, who was born a. d. 1688 and died 1772. Swedenborg claimed to have intercourse with the spiritual world, through the opening of his spiritual senses in 1745. He taught that the Lord Jesus Christ, as comprehending in himself all the fullness of the Godhead, is the one only God, and that there is a spiritual sense to the Scriptures, which he (Swedenborg) was able to reveal, because he saw the correspondence between natural and spiritual things.
SWEDENBORGIAN
Swe`den*bor"gi*an, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Swedenborg or his views.
SWEDENBORGIANISM
Swe`den*bor"gi*an*ism, n.
Defn: The doctrines of the Swedenborgians.
SWEDISH
Swed"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. G. schwedisch, Sw. svensk.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants. Swedish turnip.
(Bot.) See under Turnip.
SWEDISH
Swed"ish, n.
Defn: The language of Swedes.
SWEENY
Swee"ny, n. (Far.)
Defn: An atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses; also, atrophy of any muscle in horses. [Written also swinney.]
SWEEP
Sweep, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Swept; p. pr. & vb. n. Sweeping.] Etym:
[OE. swepen; akin to AS. swapan. See Swoop, v. i.]