S (part 1)

Defn: the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, t\'c5 255-261.

Note: Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).

-S -s.

1. Etym: [OE. es, AS. as.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the plural of most words; as in roads, elfs, sides, accounts.

2. Etym: [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. -th.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the third person singular indicative of
English verbs; as in the falls, tells, sends.

3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, — originally the genitive, possesive, ending. See -'s.

-'S -'s Etym: [OE. -es, AS. -es.]

Defn: The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.

'S 's.

Defn: A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. "My heart's subdued." Shak.

-'S -'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.]

The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.

SAADH
Sa"adh, n.

Defn: See Sadh.

SAAN
Saan, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Bushmen.

SABADILLA
Sab`a*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. cebadilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican liliaceous plant (Schænocaulon officinale); also, its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.

SABAEAN
Sa*bæ"an, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABAEANISM
Sa*bæ"an*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABAEISM; SABAISM
Sa"bæ*ism, Sa"ba*ism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

SABAL
Sa"bal, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern
United States.

SABAOTH Sab"a*oth (sâb"ay*ôth or sa"ba*ôth; 277), n. pl. Etym: [Heb. tseba'oth, pl. of tsaba', an army or host, fr. tsaba', to go forth to war.]

1. Armies; hosts.

Note: [Used twice in the English Bible, in the phrase "The Lord of
Sabaoth."]

2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.

SABBAT
Sab"bat, n. Etym: [See Sabbath.]

Defn: In mediæval demonology, the nocturnal assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their orgies.

SABBATARIAN
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See
Sabbath.]

1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as holy, aggreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.

Note: There were Christians in the early church who held this opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the Seventh-day Baptists, hold it now.

2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.

SABBATARIAN
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.

SABBATARIANISM
Sab`ba*ta"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The tenets of Sabbatarians. Bp. Ward. (1673).

SABBATH Sab"bath, n. Etym: [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L. sabbatum, Gr. shabbath, fr. shabath to rest from labor. Cf. Sabbat.]

1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is called also Lord's Day. Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8.

2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and festival. Lev. xxv. 4.

3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort,
sorrow, or the like.
Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope.
Sabbath breaker, one who violates the law of the Sabbath.
— Sabbath breaking, the violation of the law of the Sabbath.
— Sabbath-day's journey, a distance of about a mile, which, under
Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath.

Syn. — Sabbath, Sunday. Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has been called "the Sabbath," to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United States, as it is in England. "So if we will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbathday, which is the Sunday." Homilies.

SABBATHLESS
Sab"bath*less, a.

Defn: Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence, without respite or rest. Bacon.

SABBATIC; SABBATICAL
Sab*bat"ic, Sab*bat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. sabbatique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor. Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.

SABBATISM
Sab"ba*tism, n. Etym: [L. sabbatismus, Gr. sabbatisme. See Sabbath.]

Defn: Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest. Dr. H. More.

SABBATON Sab"ba*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a wooden shoe.]

Defn: A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part of the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.

SABEAN
Sa*be"an, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Sabian.

SABEISM
Sa"be*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Sabianism.

SABELLA
Sa*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of tubiculous annelids having a circle of plumose gills around head.

SABELLIAN
Sa*bel"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See
Sabellian, n.

SABELLIAN
Sa*bel"li*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only different powers, operations, or offices of the one God the Father.

SABELLIANISM
Sa*bel"li*an*ism, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See Sabellian, n.

SABELLOID
Sa*bel"loid, a. Etym: [Sabella + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or related to, the genus Sabella.
— Sa*bel"loid, n.

SABER; SABRE Sa"ber, Sa"bre, n. Etym: [F. sabre, G. säbel; of uncertain origin; cf. Hung. száblya, Pol. szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr.

Defn: A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.

SABER; SABRE Sa"ber, Sa"bre, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered or Sabred (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabering or Sabring (.] Etym: [Cf. F. sabrer.]

Defn: To strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a
saber.
You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.

SABERBILL; SABREBILL
Sa"ber*bill`, Sa"bre*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The curlew.

SABIAN
Sa"bi*an, a. Etym: [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also Sabean, and
Sabæanism.]

1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.

2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the heavenly bodies.

SABIAN
Sa"bi*an, n.

Defn: An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the heavenly bodies. [Written also Sabæan, and Sabean.]

SABIANISM
Sa"bi*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars; heliolatry. [Written also Sabæanism.]

SABICU
Sab"i*cu, n.

Defn: The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (Lysilona
Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.

SABINE
Sa"bine, a. Etym: [L. Sabinus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy.
— n.

Defn: One of the Sabine people.

SABINE
Sab"ine, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines.
Cf. Savin.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Savin.

SABLE Sa"ble, n. Etym: [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, — noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur.

Note: The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America.

Note: The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety.

2. The fur of the sable.

3. A mouring garment; a funeral robe; — generally in the plural. "Sables wove by destiny." Young.

4. (Her.)

Defn: The tincture black; — represented by vertical and horizontal lines each other.

SABLE
Sa"ble, a.

Defn: Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; — used chiefly in poetry. Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young. Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. — Sable iron, a superior quality of Russia iron; — so called because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. — Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.

SABLE
Sa"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sabling.]

Defn: To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.

SABOT
Sa`bot", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.

SABOTAGE Sa`bo`tage", n. [F.] (a) Scamped work. (b) Malicious waste or destruction of an employer's property or injury to his interests by workmen during labor troubles.

SABOTIERE
Sa`bo"tière, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of freezer for ices.

SABRE
Sa"bre, n. & v.

Defn: See Saber.

SABRETASCHE Sa"bre*tasche`, n. Etym: [F. sabretache, G. säbel, tasche; säbel salber + tasche a pocket.] (Mil.)

Defn: A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at the left side, suspended from the sword belt. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci. ).

SABRINA WORK
Sa*bri"na work`.

Defn: A variety of appliqué work for quilts, table covers, etc.
Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).

SABULOSE
Sab"u*lose, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo, sand.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Growing in sandy places.

SABULOSITY
Sab`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.

SABULOUS
Sab"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. sabulosus.]

Defn: Sandy; gritty.

SAC
Sac, n. (Ethnol.)

Defn: See Sace.

SAC
Sac, n. Etym: [See Sake, Soc.] (O.Eng. Law)

Defn: The privilege formerly enjoyed the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. Cowell.

SAC
Sac, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See Sack a bag.]

1. See 2d Sack.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a sack.

SACALAIT
Sac"a*lait, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie. [Southern U.S.]

SACAR
Sa"car, n.

Defn: See Saker.

SACCADE
Sac*cade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: A sudden, violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull.

SACCATE
Sac"cate, a. Etym: [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as a petal.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores having two pouches into which the long tentacles can be retracted.

SACCHARATE Sac"cha*rate, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharic acid. (b) In a wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.

SACCHARIC
Sac*char"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.

SACCHARIFEROUS
Sac`cha*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.

SACCHARIFY
Sac*char"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saccharifing.] Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -fy: cf. F. saccharifier.]

Defn: Toconvert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.

SACCHARILLA
Sac`cha*ril"la, n.

Defn: A kind of muslin.

SACCHARIMETER Sac`cha*rim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F. saccharimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts. [Written also saccharometer.]

Note: The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is a complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of polarization.

SACCHARIMETRICAL
Sac`cha*ri*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained saccharimetry.

SACCHARIMETRY
Sac`cha*rim"e*try, n.

Defn: The act, process or method of determining the amount and kind of sugar present in sirup, molasses, and the like, especially by the employment of polarizing apparatus.

SACCHARIN
Sac"cha*rin, n. Etym: [F., from L. saccharon sugar.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained from the saccharinates and regarded as the lactone of saccharinic acid; — so called because formerly supposed to be isomeric with cane sugar (saccharose).

SACCHARINATE Sac"cha*ri*nate, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharinic acid. (b) A salt of saccharine.

SACCHARINE
Sac"cha*rine ( or ), a. Etym: [F. saccharin, fr. L. saccharob sugar,
Gr. çarkara. Cf. Sugar.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sugar; having the qualities of sugar; producing sugar; sweet; as, a saccharine taste; saccharine matter.

SACCHARINE
Sac"cha*rine ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A trade name for benzoic sulphinide. [Written also saccharin.]
C7H5NO3S.

SACCHARINIC
Sac"cha*rin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharin; specifically, designating a complex acid not known in the free state but well known in its salts, which are obtained by boiling dextrose and levulose (invert sugar) with milk of lime.

SACCHARIZE
Sac"cha*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saccharizing.]

Defn: To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.

SACCHAROID; SACCHAROIDAL Sac"cha*roid, Sac`cha*roid"al, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + -oid: cf. F. saccharoïde.]

Defn: resembling sugar, as in taste, appearance, consistency, or composition; as, saccharoidal limestone.

SACCHAROMETER
Sac`cha*rom"e*ter, n.

Defn: A saccharimeter.

SACCHAROMYCES
Sac`cha*ro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of budding fungi, the various species of which have the power, to a greater or less extent, or splitting up sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. They are the active agents in producing fermentation of wine, beer, etc. Saccharomyces cerevisiæ is the yeast of sedimentary beer. Also called Torula.

SACCHAROMYCETES
Sac`cha*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. (Biol.)

Defn: A family of fungi consisting of the one genus Saccharomyces.

SACCHARONATE
Sac"cha*ro*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of saccharonic acid.

SACCHARONE Sac"cha*rone, n. Etym: [Saccharin + lactone,] (Chem.) (a) A white crystalline substance, C6H8O6, obtained by the oxidation of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid. (b) An oily liquid, C6H10O2, obtained by the reduction of saccharin.

SACCHARONIC
Sac`cha*ron"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, saccharone; specifically, designating an unstable acid which is obtained from saccharone (a) by hydration, and forms a well-known series of salts.

SACCHAROSE
Sac"cha*rose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Cane sugar; sucrose; also, in general, any one of the group of which saccharose, or sucrose proper, is the type. See Sucrose.

SACCHAROUS
Sac"cha*rous, a.

Defn: Saccharine.

SACCHARUM
Sac"cha*rum, n. Etym: [NL. See Saccharine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tall tropical grasses including the sugar cane.

SACCHOLACTATE
Sac`cho*lac"tate, n. Etym: [See Saccharolactatic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of saccholactactic acid; — formerly called also saccholate. [Obs.] See Mucate.

SACCHOLACTIC
Sac`cho*lac"tic, a. Etym: [L. saccharon sugar + lac, lactis, milk.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called mucic acid; saccholic. [Obs.]

SACCHOLIC
Sac*chol"ic, a.

Defn: Saccholatic. [Obs.]

SACCHULMATE
Sac*chul"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sacchulmic acid.

SACCHULMIC
Sac*chul"mic, a. Etym: [Saccharine + ulmic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a dark amorphous substance by the long-continued boiling of sucrose with very dilute sulphuric acid. It resembles humic acid. [Written also sacculmic.]

SACCHULMIN
Sac*chul"min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous huminlike substance resembling sacchulmic acid, and produced together with it.

SACCIFEROUS
Sac*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -ferous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing a sac.

SACCIFORM
Sac"ci*form, a. Etym: [L. saccus a sack + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the general form of a sac.

SACCOGLOSSA
Sac`co*glos"sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. saccus a sack + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Pellibranchiata.

SACCULAR
Sac"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Like a sac; sacciform.

SACCULATED
Sac"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Furnished with little sacs.

SACCULE
Sac"cule, n. Etym: [L. sacculus, dim. of saccus sack.]

Defn: A little sac; specifically, the sacculus of the ear.

SACCULO-COCHLEAR
Sac`cu*lo-coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: pertaining to the sacculus and cochlea of the ear.

SACCULO-UTRICULAR
Sac`cu*lo-u*tric"u*lar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the sacculus and utriculus of the ear.

SACCULUS
Sac"cu*lus, n.; pl. Sacculi. Etym: [L., little sack.] (Anat.)

Defn: A little sac; esp., a part of the membranous labyrinth of the ear. See the Note under Ear.

SACCUS
Sac"cus, n.; pl. Sacci. Etym: [L., a sack.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sac.

SACELLUM Sa*cel"lum, n.; pl. Sacella. Etym: [L., dim. of sacrum a sacred place.] (a) (Rom. Antiq.) An unroofed space consecrated to a divinity. (b) (Eccl.) A small monumental chapel in a church. Shipley.

SACERDOTAL Sac`er*do"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacerdotalis, fr. sacerdos, -otis, a priest, fr.sacer holy, sacred: cf. F. sacerdotal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to priests, or to the order of priests; relating to the priesthood; priesty; as, sacerdotal dignity; sacerdotal functions. The ascendency of the sacerdotal order was long the ascendency which naturally and properly belongs to intellectual superiority. Macaulay.

SACERDOTALISM
Sac`er*do"tal*ism, m.

Defn: The system, style, spirit, or character, of a priesthood, or sacerdotal order; devotion to the interests of the sacerdotal order.

SACERDOTALLY
Sac`er*do"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sacerdotal manner.

SACHEL
Sach"el, n.

Defn: A small bag. See Satchel.

SACHEM
Sa"chem, n.

Defn: A chief of a tribe of the American Indians; a sagamore.

SACHEMDOM
Sa"chem*dom, n.

Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a sachem. Dr. T. Dwight.

SACHEMSHIP
Sa"chem*ship, n.

Defn: Office or condition of a sachem.

SACHET
Sa`chet", n. Etym: [F., dim. of sac. See Sac.]

Defn: A scent bag, or perfume cushion, to be laid among handkerchiefe, garments, etc., to perfume them.

SACIETY
Sa*ci"e*ty, n.

Defn: Satiety. [Obs.] Bacon.

SACK
Sack, n. Etym: [OE. seck, F. sec dry (cf. Sp. seco, It secco), from
L. siccus dry, harsh; perhaps akin to Gr. sikata sand, Ir. sesc dry,
W. hysp. Cf. Desiccate.]

Defn: A anme formerly given to various dry Spanish wines. "Sherris sack." Shak. Sack posset, a posset made of sack, and some other ingredients.

SACK
Sack, n. Etym: [OE. sak, sek, AS. sacc, sæcc, L. saccus, Gr. sak; cf.
F. sac from the Latin. Cf. Sac, Satchel, Sack to plunder.]

1. A bag for holding and carrying goods of any kind; a receptacle made of some kind of pliable material, as cloth, leather, and the like; a large pouch.

2. A measure of varying capacity, according to local usage and the substance. The American sack of salt is 215 pounds; the sack of wheat, two bushels. McElrath.

3. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: Originally, a loosely hanging garnment for women, worn like a cloak about the shoulders, and serving as a decorative appendage to the gown; now, an outer garment with sleeves, worn by women; as, a dressing saek. [Written also sacque.]

4. A sack coat; a kind of coat worn by men, and extending from top to bottom without a cross seam.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: See 2d Sac, 2. Sack bearer (Zoöl.). See Basket worm, under Basket. — Sack tree (Bot.), an East Indian tree (Antiaris saccidora) which is cut into lengths, and made into sacks by turning the bark inside out, and leaving a slice of the wood for a bottom. — To give the sack to or get the sack, to discharge, or be discharged, from employment; to jilt, or be jilted. [Slang]

SACK
Sack, v. t.

1. To put in a sack; to bag; as, to sack corn. Bolsters sacked in cloth, blue and crimson. L. Wallace.

2. To bear or carry in a sack upon the back or the shoulders. [Colloq.]

SACK Sack, n. Etym: [F. sac plunder, pillage, originally, a pack, packet, booty packed up, fr. L. saccus. See Sack a bag.]

Defn: the pillage or plunder, as of a town or city; the storm and plunder of a town; devastation; ravage. The town was stormed, and delivered up to sack, — by which phrase is to be understood the perpetration of all those outrages which the ruthless code of war allowed, in that age, on the persons and property of the defenseless inhabitants, without regard to sex or age. Prescott.

SACK
Sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sacking.] Etym:
[See Sack pillage.]

Defn: To plunder or pillage, as a town or city; to devastate; to
ravage.
The Romans lay under the apprehension of seeing their city sacked by
a barbarous enemy. Addison.

SACKAGE
Sack"age (; 48), n.

Defn: The act of taking by storm and pillaging; sack. [R.] H. Roscoe.

SACKBUT Sack"but, n. Etym: [F. saquebute, OF. saqueboute a sackbut. earlier, a sort of hook attached to the end of a lance used by foot soldiers to unhorse cavalrymen; prop. meaning, pull and push; fr. saquier, sachier, to pull, draw (perhaps originally, to put into a bag or take out from a bag; see Sack a bag) + bouter to push (see Butt to thrust). The name was given to the musical instrument from its being lengthened and shortened.] (Mus.)

Defn: A brass wind instrument, like a bass trumpet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or shortened according to the tone required; — said to be the same as the trombone. [Written also sagbut.] Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Note: The sackbut of the Scriptures is supposed to have been a stringed instrument.

SACKCLOTH
Sack"cloth`, n.

Defn: Linen or cotton cloth such a sacks are made of; coarse cloth; anciently, a cloth or garment worn in mourning, distress, mortification, or penitence. Gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. 2 Sam. iii. 31. Thus with sackcloth I invest my woe. Sandys.

SACKCLOTHED sack"clothed`, a.

Defn: Clothed in sackcloth.

SACKER
Sack"er, n.

Defn: One who sacks; one who takes part in the storm and pillage of a town.

SACKFUL
Sack"ful, n.; pl. Sackfuls (.

Defn: As much as a sack will hold.

SACKFUL
Sack"ful, a.

Defn: Bent on plunder. [Obs.] Chapman.

SACKING
Sack"ing, n. Etym: [AS. sæccing, from sæcc sack, bag.]

Defn: Stout, coarse cloth of which sacks, bags, etc., are made.

SACKLESS Sack"less, a. Etym: [AS. sacleás; sacu contention + leás loose, free from.]

Defn: Quiet; peaceable; harmless; innocent. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SACK-WINGED
Sack"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a peculiar pouch developed near the front edge of the wing; — said of certain bats of the genus Saccopteryx.

SACQUE
Sacque, n. Etym: [Formed after the analogy of the French. See 2d
Sack.]

Defn: Same as 2d Sack, 3.

SACRAL
Sa"cral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum; in the region of the sacrum.

SACRAMENT Sac"ra*ment, n. Etym: [L. sacramentum an oath, a sacred thing, a mystery, a sacrament, fr. sacrare to declare as sacred, sacer sacred: cf. F. sacrament. See Sacred.]

1. The oath of allegiance taken by Roman soldiers; hence, a sacred ceremony used to impress an obligation; a solemn oath-taking; an oath. [Obs.] I'll take the sacrament on't. Shak.

2. The pledge or token of an oath or solemn cobenant; a sacred thing; a mystery. [Obs.] God sometimes sent a light of fire, and pillar of a cloud . . . and the sacrament of a rainbow, to guide his people through their portion of sorrows. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: One of the solemn religious ordinances enjoined by Christ, the head of the Christian church, to be observed by his followers; hence, specifically, the eucharist; the Lord's Supper.

Syn. — Sacrament, Eucharist. — Protestants apply the term sacrament to baptism and the Lord's Supper, especially the latter. The R. Cath. and Greek churches have five other sacraments, viz., confirmation, penance, holy orders, matrimony, and extreme unction. As sacrament denotes an oath or vow, the word has been applied by way of emphasis to the Lord's Supper, where the most sacred vows are renewed by the Christian in commemorating the death of his Redeemer. Eucharist denotes the giving of thanks; and this term also has been applied to the same ordinance, as expressing the grateful remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death. "Some receive the sacrament as a means to procure great graces and blessings; others as an eucharist and an office of thanksgiving for what they have received." Jer. Taylor.

SACRAMENT
Sac"ra*ment, v. t.

Defn: To bind by an oath. [Obs.] Laud.

SACRAMENTAL Sac`ra*men"tal, a. Etym: [L. sacramentalis: cf. F. sacramental, sacramentel.]

1. Of or pertaining to a sacrament or the sacraments; of the nature of a sacrament; sacredly or solemny binding; as, sacramental rites or elements.

2. Bound by a sacrament. The sacramental host of God's elect. Cowper.

SACRAMENTAL
Sac`ra*men"tal, n.

Defn: That which relates to a sacrament. Bp. Morton.

SACRAMENTALISM
Sac`ra*men"tal*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine and use of sacraments; attashment of excessive importance to sacraments.

SACRAMENTALIST
Sac`ra*men"tal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the doctrine of the real objective presence of
Christ;s body and blood in the holy eucharist. Shipley.

SACRAMENTALLY
Sac`ra*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sacrament manner.

SACRAMENTARIAN Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, n. Etym: [LL. sacramentarius: cf. F. sacramentaire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A name given in the sixteenth century to those German reformers who rejected both the Roman and the Lutheran doctrine of the holy eucharist.

2. One who holds extreme opinions regarding the efficacy of sacraments.

SACRAMENTARIAN
Sac`ra*men*ta"ri*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining a sacrament, or to the sacramentals; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

SACRAMENTARY
Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, a.

1. Of or pertaining a sacrament or the sacraments; sacramental.

2. Of or pertaining to the Sacramentarians.

SACRAMENTARY Sac`ra*men"ta*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. sacramentarium: cf. F. sacramentaire.]

1. An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, written by Pope Gelasius, and revised, corrected, and abridged by St. Gregory, in which were contained the rites for Mass, the sacraments, the dedication of churches, and other ceremonies. There are several ancient books of the same kind in France and Germany.

2. Same as Sacramentarian, n., 1. Papists, Anabaptists, and Sacramentaries. Jer. Taylor.

SACRAMENTIZE
Sac"ra*ment*ize, v. i.

Defn: To administer the sacraments. [R.]
Both to preach and sacramentize. Fuller.

SACRARIUM
Sa*cra"ri*um, n.; pl. -ria. Etym: [L., fr. sacer sacred.]

1. A sort of family chapel in the houses of the Romans, devoted to a special divinity.

2. The adytum of a temple. Gwilt.

3. In a Christian church, the sanctuary.

SACRATE
Sa"crate, v. t. Etym: [L. sacratus, p.p. of sacrare. See Sacred.]

Defn: To consecrate. [Obs.]

SACRATION
Sa*cra"tion, n.

Defn: Consecration. [Obs.]

SACRE
Sa"cre, n.

Defn: See Sakker.

SACRE
Sa"cre, v. t. Etym: [F. sacrer. See Sacred.]

Defn: To consecrate; to make sacred. [Obs.] Holland.

SACRED
Sa"cred, a. Etym: [Originally p.p. of OE. sacren to consecrate, F.
sacrer, fr. L. sacrare, fr. sacer sacred, holy, cursed. Cf.
Consecrate, Execrate, Saint, Sextion.]

1. Set apart by solemn religious ceremony; especially, in a good sense, made holy; set apart to religious use; consecrated; not profane or common; as, a sacred place; a sacred day; sacred service.

2. Relating to religion, or to the services of religion; not secular; religious; as, sacred history. Smit with the love of sacred song. Milton.

3. Designated or exalted by a divine sanction; possessing the highest title to obedience, honor, reverence, or veneration; entitled to extreme reverence; venerable. Such neighbor nearness to our sacred [royal] blood Should nothing privilege him. Shak. Poet and saint to thee alone were given, The two most sacred names of earth and heaven. Cowley.

4. Hence, not to be profaned or violated; inviolable. Secrets of marriage still are sacred held. Dryden.

5. Consecrated; dedicated; devoted; — with to. A temple, sacred to the queen oflove. Dryden.

6. Solemnly devoted, in a bad sense, as to evil, vengeance, curse, or the like; accursed; baleful. [Archaic] But, to destruction sacred and devote. Milton.

Society of the Sacred Heart (R.C. Ch.), a religious order of women, founded in France in 1800, and approved in 1826. It was introduced into America in 1817. The members of the order devote themselves to the higher branches of female education. — Sacred baboon. (Zoöl.) See Hamadryas. — Sacred bean (Bot.), a seed of the Oriental lotus (Nelumbo speciosa or Nelimbium speciosum), a plant resembling a water lily; also, the plant itself. See Lotus. — Sacred beetle (Zoöl.) See Scarab. — Sacred canon. See Canon, n., 3. — Sacred fish (Zoöl.), any one of fresh-water African fishes of the family Mormyridæ. Several large species inhabit the Nile and were considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians; especially Mormyris oxyrhynchus. — Sacred ibis. See Ibis. — Sacred monkey. (Zoöl.) (a) Any Asiatic monkey of the genus Semnopitchecus, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos; especially, the entellus. See Entellus. (b) The sacred baboon. See Hamadryas. (c) The blunder monkey. — Sacred place (Civil Law), the place where a deceased person is buried.

Syn.
— Holy; divine; hallowed; consecrated; dedicated; devoted;
religious; venerable; reverend.
— Sa"cred*ly, adv.
— Sa"cred*ness, n.

SACRIFIC; SACRIFICAL
Sacrif"ic, Sa*crif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. sacrificus, sacrificalis. See
Sacrifice.]

Defn: Employed in sacrifice. [R.] Johnson.

SACRIFICABLE
Sa*crif"ic*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being offered in sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SACRIFICANT
Sa*crif"ic*ant, n. Etym: [L. sacrificans, p.pr. See Sacrifice.]

Defn: One who offers a sacrifice. [R.]

SACRIFICATOR
Sac"ri*fi*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sacrificer; one who offers a sacrifice. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

SACRIFICATORY
Sa*crif"ic`a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sacrificatoire.]

Defn: Offering sacrifice. [R.] Sherwood.

SACRIFICE Sac"ri*fice, n. Etym: [OE. sacrifise, sacrifice, F. sacrifice, fr. L. sacrificium; sacer sacer + facere to make. See Sacred, and Fact.]

1. The offering of anything to God, or to a god; consecratory rite. Great pomp, and sacrifice, and praises loud, To Dagon. Milton.

2. Anything consecrated and offered to God, or to a divinity; an immolated victin, or an offering of any kind, laid upon an altar, or otherwise presented in the way of religious thanksgiving, atonement, or conciliation. Moloch, horrid king, besmeared with blood Of human sacrifice. Milton. My life, if thou preserv's my life, Thy sacrifice shall be. Addison.

3. Destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else; devotion of some desirable object in behalf of a higher object, or to a claim deemed more pressing; hence, also, the thing so devoted or given up; as, the sacrifice of interest to pleasure, or of pleasure to interest.

4. A sale at a price less than the cost or the actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant] Burnt sacrifice. See Burnt offering, under Burnt. — Sacrifice hit (Baseball), in batting, a hit of such a kind that the batter loses his chance of tallying, but enables one or more who are on bases to get home or gain a base.

SACRIFICE
Sac"ri*fice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sacrificed (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sacrificing (.] Etym: [From Sacrifice, n.: cf. F. sacrifier, L.
sacrificare; sacer sacred, holy + -ficare (only in comp.) to make.
See -fy.]

1. To make an offering of; to consecrate or present to a divinity by way of expiation or propitiation, or as a token acknowledgment or thanksgiving; to immolate on the altar of God, in order to atone for sin, to procure favor, or to express thankfulness; as, to sacrifice an ox or a sheep. Oft sacrificing bullock, lamb, or kid. Milton.

2. Hence, to destroy, surrender, or suffer to be lost, for the sake of obtaining something; to give up in favor of a higher or more imperative object or duty; to devote, with loss or suffering. Condemned to sacrifice his childish years To babbling ignorance, and to empty fears. Prior. The Baronet had sacrificed a large sum . . . for the sake of . . . making this boy his heir. G. Eliot.

3. To destroy; to kill. Johnson.

4. To sell at a price less than the cost or the actual value. [Tradesmen's Cant]

SACRIFICE
Sac"ri*fice, v. i.

Defn: To make offerings to God, or to a deity, of things consumed on the altar; to offer sacrifice. O teacher, some great mischief hath befallen To that meek man, who well had sacrificed. Milton.

SACRIFICER
Sac"ri*fi`cer, n.

Defn: One who sacrifices.

SACRIFICIAL
Sac`ri*fi"cial, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in sacrifice; performing sacrifice. "Sacrificial rites." Jer. Taylor.

SACRILEGE Sac"ri*lege, n. Etym: [F. sacrilège, L. sacrilegium, from sacrilegus that steals, properly, gathers or picks up, sacred things; sacer sacred + legere to gather, pick up. See Sacred, and Legend.]

Defn: The sin or crime of violating or profaning sacred things; the alienating to laymen, or to common purposes, what has been appropriated or consecrated to religious persons or uses. And the hid treasures in her sacred tomb With sacrilege to dig. Spenser. Families raised upon the ruins of churches, and enriched with the spoils of sacrilege. South.

SACRILEGIOUS
Sac`ri*le"gious, a. Etym: [From sacrilege: cf. L. sacrilegus.]

Defn: Violating sacred things; polluted with sacrilege; involving
sacrilege; profane; impious.
Above the reach of sacrilegious hands. pope.
— Sac`ri*le"gious*ly, adv.
— Sac`ri*le"gious*ness, n.

SACRILEGIST
Sac"ri*le`gist, n.

Defn: One guilty of sacrilege.

SACRING
Sac"ring,

Defn: a. & n. from Sacre. Sacring bell. See Sanctus bell, under
Sanctus.

SACRIST
Sa"crist, n. Etym: [LL. sacrista. See Sacristan.]

Defn: A sacristan; also, a person retained in a cathedral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the books.

SACRISTAN
Sac"ris*tan, n. Etym: [F. sacristian, LL. sacrista, fr. L. sacer. See
Sacred, and cf. Sexton.]

Defn: An officer of the church who has the care of the utensils or movables, and of the church in general; a sexton.

SACRISTY Sac"ris*ty, n.; pl. Sacristies. Etym: [F. sacristie, LL. sacristia, fr. L. sacer. See Sacred.]

Defn: A apartment in a church where the sacred utensils, vestments, etc., are kept; a vestry.

SACRO-
Sa"cro- (. (Anat.)

Defn: A combining form denoting connection with, or relation to, the sacrum, as in sacro-coccyageal, sacro-iliac, sacrosciatic.

SACROSANCT
Sac"ro*sanct, a. Etym: [L. sucrosanctus.]

Defn: Sacred; inviolable. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SACROSCIATIC
Sa`cro*sci*at"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to both the sacrum and the hip; as, the sacrosciatic formina formed by the sacrosciatic ligaments which connect the sacrum and hip bone.

SACROVERTEBRAL
Sa`cro*ver"te*bral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sacrum and that part of the vertebral column immediately anterior to it; as, the sacrovertebral angle.

SACRUM sa"crum, n.; pl. sacra (. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sacer sacred, os sacrum the lowest bone of the spine.] (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the vertebral column which is directly connected with, or forms a part of, the pelvis.

Note: It may consist of a single vertebra or of several more or less consolidated. In man it forms the dorsal, or posterior, wall of the pelvis, and consists of five united vertebræ, which diminish in size very rapidly to the posterior extremity, which bears the coccyx.

SACS
Sacs, n. pl.; sing. Sac (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians, which, together with the Foxes, formerly occupied the region about Green Bay, Wisconsin. [Written also Sauks.]

SAD
Sad, a. [Compar. Sadder; supperl. Saddest.] Etym: [OE. sad sated,
tired, satisfied, firm, steadfast, AS. sæd satisfied, sated; akin to
D. zat, OS. sad, G. tt, OHG. sat, sa, saddr, Goth. saps, Lith. sotus,
L. sat, satis, enough, satur sated, Gr. Assets, Sate, Satiate,
Satisfy Satire.]

1. Sated; satisfied; weary; tired. [Obs.] Yet of that art they can not waxen sad, For unto them it is a bitter sweet. Chaucer.

2. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; close; hard. [Obs., except in a few phrases; as, sad bread.] His hand, more sad than lump of lead. Spenser. Chalky lands are naturally cold and sad. Mortimer.

3. Dull; grave; dark; somber; — said of colors. "Sad-colored clothes." Walton. Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of all sad colors. Mortimer.

4. Serious; grave; sober; steadfast; not light or frivolous. [Obs.] "Ripe and sad courage." Bacon. Which treaty was wisely handled by sad and discrete counsel of both parties. Ld. Berners.

5. Affected with grief or unhappiness; cast down with affliction; downcast; gloomy; mournful. First were we sad, fearing you would not come; Now sadder, that you come so unprovided. Shak. The angelic guards ascended, mute and sad. Milton.

6. Afflictive; calamitous; causing sorrow; as, a sad accident; a sad misfortune.

7. Hence, bad; naughty; troublesome; wicked. [Colloq.] "Sad tipsy fellows, both of them." I. Taylor.

Note: Sad is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sad-colored, sad-eyed, sad-hearted, sad-looking, and the like. Sad bread, heavy bread. [Scot. & Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn. — Sorrowful; mournful; gloomy; dejected; depressed; cheerless; downcast; sedate; serious; grave; grievous; afflictive; calamitous.

SAD
Sad, v. t.

Defn: To make sorrowful; to sadden. [Obs.]
How it sadded the minister's spirits! H. Peters.

SADDA Sad"da, n. Etym: [Per. sad-dar the hundred gates or ways; sad a hundred + dar door, way.]

Defn: A work in the Persian tongue, being a summary of the Zend-
Avesta, or sacred books.

SADDEN
Sad"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddened; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddening.]

Defn: To make sad. Specifically: (a) To render heavy or cohesive. [Obs.] Marl is binding, and saddening of land is the great prejudice it doth to clay lands. Mortimer.

(b) To make dull- or sad-colored, as cloth. (c) To make grave or serious; to make melancholy or sorrowful. Her gloomy presence saddens all the scene. Pope.

SADDEN
Sad"den, v. i.

Defn: To become, or be made, sad. Tennyson.

SADDER
Sad"der, n.

Defn: Same as Sadda.

SADDLE
Sad"dle, n. Etym: [OE. sadel, AS. sadol; akin to D. zadel, G. sattel,
OHG. satal, satul, Icel. söedhull, Dan. & Sw. sadel; cf. Russ.
siedlo; all perh. ultimately from the root of E. sit.]

1. A seat for a rider, — usually made of leather, padded to span comfortably a horse's back, furnished with stirrups for the rider's feet to rest in, and fastened in place with a girth; also, a seat for the rider on a bicycle or tricycle.

2. A padded part of a harness which is worn on a horse's back, being fastened in place with a girth. It serves various purposes, as to keep the breeching in place, carry guides for the reins, etc.

3. A piece of meat containing a part of the backbone of an animal with the ribs on each side; as, a saddle of mutton, of venison, etc.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A block of wood, usually fastened to some spar, and shaped to receive the end of another spar.

5. (Mach.)

Defn: A part, as a flange, which is hollowed out to fit upon a convex surface and serve as a means of attachment or support.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clitellus of an earthworm.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: The threshold of a door, when a separate piece from the floor or landing; — so called because it spans and covers the joint between two floors. Saddle bar (Arch.), one the small iron bars to which the lead panels of a glazed window are secured. Oxf. Gloss. — Saddle gall (Far.), a sore or gall upon a horse's back, made by the saddle. — Saddle girth, a band passing round the body of a horse to hold the saddle in its place. — saddle horse, a horse suitable or trained for riding with a saddle. — Saddle joint, in sheet-metal roofing, a joint formed by bending up the edge of a sheet and folding it downward over the turned-up edge of the next sheet. — Saddle roof (Arch.), a roof having two gables and one ridge; — said of such a roof when used in places where a different form is more common; as, a tower surmounted by a saddle roof. Called also saddleback roof. — Saddle shell (Zoöl.), any thin plicated bivalve shaell of the genera Placuna and Anomia; — so called from its shape. Called also saddle oyster.

SADDLE
Sad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Saddling.]
Etym: [AS. sadelian.]

1. To put a saddle upon; to equip (a beast) for riding. "saddle my horse." Shak. Abraham rose up early saddled his ass. Gen. xxii. 3.

2. Hence: To fix as a charge or burden upon; to load; to encumber; as, to saddle a town with the expense of bridges and highways.

SADDLEBACK
Sad"dle*back`, a.

Defn: Same as Saddle-backed. Saddleback roof. (Arch.) See Saddle roof, under Saddle.

SADDLEBACK
Sad"dle*back`, n.

1. Anything saddle-backed; esp., a hill or ridge having a concave outline at the top.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The harp seal. (b) The great blackbacked gull (Larus marinus). (c) The larva of a bombycid moth (Empretia stimulea) which has a large, bright green, saddle-shaped patch of color on the back.

SADDLE-BACKED
Sad"dle-backed`, a.

1. Having the outline of the upper part concave like the seat of a saddle.

2. Having a low back and high neck, as a horse.

SADDLEBAGS
Sad"dle*bags, n. pl.

Defn: Bags, usually of leather, united by straps or a band, formerly much used by horseback riders to carry small articles, one bag hanging on each side.

SADDLEBOW
Sad"dle*bow`, n. Etym: [AS. sadelboga.]

Defn: The bow or arch in the front part of a saddle, or the pieces which form the front.

SADDLECLOTH
Sad"dle*cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth under a saddle, and extending out behind; a housing.

SADDLED
Sad"dled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad patch of color across the back, like a saddle; saddle-backed.

SADDLER
Sad"dler, n. .

Defn: One who makes saddles.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harp seal.

SADDLERY
Sad"dler*y, n.

1. The materials for making saddles and harnesses; the articles usually offered for sale in a saddler's shop.

2. The trade or employment of a saddler.

SADDLE-SHAPED
Sad"dle-shaped`, a.

Defn: Shaped like a saddle. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) Bent down at the sides so as to give the upper part a rounded form. Henslow. (b) (Geol.) Bent on each side of a mountain or ridge, without being broken at top; — said of strata.

SADDLETREE
Sad"dle*tree`, n.

Defn: The frame of a saddle.
For saddletree scarce reached had he, His journey to begin. Cowper.

SADDUCAIC
Sad`du*ca"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the Sadducees; as, Sadducaic reasonings.

SADDUCEE Sad"du*cee, n. Etym: [L. Sadducaei, p., Gr. Tsaddukim; — so called from Tsadok, the founder of the sect.]

Defn: One of a sect among the ancient Jews, who denied the resurrection, a future state, and the existence of angels. — Sad`du*ce"an, a.

SADDUCEEISM; SADDUCISM
Sad"du*cee`ism, Sad"du*cism, n.

Defn: The tenets of the Sadducees.

SADDUCIZE
Sad"du*cize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sadducized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sadducizing.]

Defn: To adopt the principles of the Sadducees. Atterbury.

SADH
Sadh, n. Etym: [Skr. sadhu perfect, pure.]

Defn: A member of a monotheistic sect of Hindoos. Sadhs resemble the
Quakers in many respects. Balfour (cyc. of India).

SADIRON
Sad"i`ron, n. Etym: [Probably sad heavy + iron.]

Defn: An iron for smoothing clothes; a flatiron.

SADLY
Sad"ly, adv.

1. Wearily; heavily; firmly. [Obs.] In go the spears full sadly in arest. Chaucer.

2. Seriously; soberly; gravely. [Obs.] To tell thee sadly, shepherd, without blame Or our neglect, we lost her as we came. Milton.

3. Grievously; deeply; sorrowfully; miserably. "He sadly suffers in their grief." Dryden.

SADNESS
Sad"ness, n.

1. Heaviness; firmness. [Obs.]

2. Seriousness; gravity; discretion. [Obs.] Her sadness and her benignity. Chaucer.

3. Quality of being sad, or unhappy; gloominess; sorrowfulness; dejection. Dim sadness did not spare That time celestial visages. Milton.

Syn.
— Sorrow; heaviness; dejection. See Grief.

SADR
Sadr, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); — so called by the
Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See Lotus (b).

SAENGERBUND
Saeng"er*bund`, n.; G. pl. -bünde (#). [G. sängerbund.] (Music)

Defn: A singers' union; an association of singers or singing clubs, esp. German.

SAENGERFEST
Saeng"er*fest, n. Etym: [G. sängerfest.]

Defn: A festival of singers; a German singing festival.

SAFE
Safe, a. [Compar. Safer; superl. Safest.] Etym: [OE. sauf, F. sauf,
fr. L. salvus, akin to salus health, welfare, safety. Cf. Salute,
Salvation, Sage a plant, Save, Salvo an exception.]

1. Free from harm, injury, or risk; untouched or unthreatened by danger or injury; unharmed; unhurt; secure; whole; as, safe from disease; safe from storms; safe from foes. "And ye dwelled safe." 1 Sam. xii. 11. They escaped all safe all safe to land. Acts xxvii. 44. Established in a safe, unenvied throne. Milton.

2. Conferring safety; securing from harm; not exposing to danger; confining securely; to be relied upon; not dangerous; as, a safe harbor; a safe bridge, etc. "The man of safe discretion." Shak. The King of heaven hath doomed This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat. Milton.

3. Incapable of doing harm; no longer dangerous; in secure care or custody; as, the prisoner is safe. But Banquo's safe Ay, my good lord, safe in a ditch he bides. Shak. Safe hit (Baseball), a hit which enables the batter to get to first base even if no error is made by the other side.

Syn.
— Secure; unendangered; sure.

SAFE
Safe, n.

Defn: A place for keeping things in safety. Specifically: (a) A strong and fireproof receptacle (as a movable chest of steel, etc., or a closet or vault of brickwork) for money, valuable papers, or the like. (b) A ventilated or refrigerated chest or closet for securing provisions from noxious animals or insects.

SAFE
Safe, v. t.

Defn: To render safe; to make right. [Obs.] Shak.

SAFE-CONDUCT
Safe"-con"duct, n. Etym: [Safe + conduct: cf. F. sauf-conduit.]

Defn: That which gives a safe, passage; either (a) a convoy or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or a foreign country, or (b) a writing, pass, or warrant of security, given to a person to enable him to travel with safety. Shak.

SAFE-CONDUCT
Safe`-con*duct", v. t.

Defn: To conduct safely; to give safe-conduct to. [POetic]
He him by all the bonds of love besought To safe-conduct his love.
Spenser.

SAFEGUARD
Safe"guard`, n. Etym: [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]

1. One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense; protection. Shak. Thy sword, the safeguard of thy brother's throne. Granwille.

2. A convoy or guard to protect a traveler or property.

3. A pass; a passport; a safe-conduct. Shak.

SAFEGUARD
Safe"guard`, v. t.

Defn: To guard; to protect. Shak.

SAFE-KEEPING
Safe"-keep"ing, n. Etym: [Safe + keep.]

Defn: The act of keeping or preserving in safety from injury or from escape; care; custody.

SAFELY
Safe"ly, adv.

Defn: In a safe manner; danger, injury, loss, or evil consequences.

SAFENESS
Safe"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being safe; freedom from hazard, danger, harm, or loss; safety; security; as the safeness of an experiment, of a journey, or of a possession.

SAFE-PLEDGE
Safe"-pledge", n. (Law)

Defn: A surety for the appearance of a person at a given time.
Bracton.

SAFETY
Safe"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sauveté.]

1. The condition or state of being safe; freedom from danger or hazard; exemption from hurt, injury, or loss. Up led by thee, Into the heaven I have presumed, An earthly guest . . . With like safety guided down, Return me to my native element. Milton.

2. Freedom from whatever exposes one to danger or from libility to cause danger or harm; safeness; hence, the quality of making safe or secure, or of giving confidence, justifying trust, insuring against harm or loss, etc. Would there were any safety in thy sex, That I might put a thousand sorrows off. Beau. & Fl.

3. Preservation from escape; close custody. Imprison him, . . . Deliver him to safety; and return. Shak.

4. (Football)

Defn: Same as Safety touchdown, below. Safety arch (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t. — Safety belt, a belt made of some buoyant material, or which is capable of being inflated, so as to enable a person to float in water; a life preserver. — Safety buoy, a buoy to enable a person to float in water; a safety belt. — Safety cage (Mach.), a cage for an elevator or mine lift, having appliances to prevent it from dropping if the lifting rope should break. — Safety lamp. (Mining) See under Lamp. — Safety match, a match which can be ignited only on a surface specially prepared for the purpose. — Safety pin, a pin made in the form of a clasp, with a guard covering its point so that it will not prick the wearer. — safety plug. See Fusible plug, under Fusible. — Safety switch. See Switch. — Safety touchdown (Football), the act or result of a player's touching to the ground behind his own goal line a ball which received its last impulse from a man on his own side; — distinguished from touchback. See Touchdown. — Safety tube (Chem.), a tube to prevent explosion, or to control delivery of gases by an automatic valvular connection with the outer air; especially, a bent funnel tube with bulbs for adding those reagents which produce unpleasant fumes or violent effervescence. — Safety valve, a valve which is held shut by a spring or weight and opens automatically to permit the escape of steam, or confined gas, water, etc., from a boiler, or other vessel, when the pressure becomes too great for safety; also, sometimes, a similar valve opening inward to admit air to a vessel in which the pressure is less than that of the atmosphere, to prevent collapse.

SAFETY BICYCLE
Safety bicycle.

Defn: A bicycle with equal or nearly equal wheels, usually 28 inches diameter, driven by pedals connected to the rear (driving) wheel by a multiplying gear.

SAFETY CHAIN Safety chain. (a) (Railroads) A normally slack chain for preventing excessive movement between a truck and a car body in sluing. (b) An auxiliary watch chain, secured to the clothes, usually out of sight, to prevent stealing of the watch. (c) A chain of sheet metal links with an elongated hole through each broad end, made up by doubling the first link on itself, slipping the next link through and doubling, and so on.

SAFFLOW
Saf"flow, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The safflower. [Obs.]

SAFFLOWER Saf"flow`er, n. Etym: [F. safeur, safior, for safran, influenced by fleur flower. See Saffron, and Flower.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant (Carthamus tinctorius), the flowers of which are used as a dyestuff and in making rouge; bastard, or false, saffron.

2. The died flowers of the Carthamus tinctorius.

3. A dyestuff from these flowers. See Safranin (b). Oil of safflower, a purgative oil expressed from the seeds of the safflower.

SAFFRON Saf"fron, n. Etym: [OE. saffran, F. safran; cf. It. zafferano, Sp. azafran, Pg. açafrao; all fr. Ar. & Per. za' faran.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A bulbous iridaceous plant (Crocus sativus) having blue flowers with large yellow stigmas. See Crocus.

2. The aromatic, pungent, dried stigmas, usually with part of the stile, of the Crocus sativus. Saffron is used in cookery, and in coloring confectionery, liquors, varnishes, etc., and was formerly much used in medicine.

3. An orange or deep yellow color, like that of the stigmas of the
Crocus sativus. Bastard saffron, Dyer's saffron. (Bot.) See
Safflower.
— Meadow saffron (Bot.), a bulbous plant (Colchichum autumnate) of
Europe, resembling saffron.
— Saffron wood (Bot.), the yellowish wood of a South African tree
(Elæodendron croceum); also, the tree itself.
— Saffron yellow, a shade of yellow like that obtained from the
stigmas of the true saffron (Crocus sativus).

SAFFRON
Saf"fron, a.

Defn: Having the color of the stigmas of saffron flowers; deep orange-yellow; as, a saffron face; a saffron streamer.

SAFFRON
Saf"fron, v. t.

Defn: To give color and flavor to, as by means of saffron; to spice.
[Obs.]
And in Latyn I speak a wordes few, To saffron with my predication.
Chaucer.

SAFFRONY
Saf"fron*y, a.

Defn: Having a color somewhat like saffron; yellowish. Lord (1630).

SAFRANIN Saf"ra*nin, n. (Chem.) (a) An orange-red dyestuff extracted from the saffron. [R.] (b) A red dyestuff extracted from the safflower, and formerly used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton pink and scarlet; — called also Spanish red, China lake, and carthamin. (c) An orange-red dyestuff prepared from certain nitro compounds of creosol, and used as a substitute for the safflower dye.

SAFRANINE Saf"ra*nine ( or ), n. Etym: [So called because used as a substitute for safranin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-red nitrogenous dyestuff produced artificailly by oxidizing certain aniline derivatives, and used in dyeing silk and wool; also, any one of the series of which safranine proper is the type.

SAG
Sag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Sagging.] Etym:
[Akin to Sw. sacka to settle, sink down, LG.sacken, D. zakken. Cf.
Sink, v. i.]

1. To sink, in the middle, by its weight or under applied pressure, below a horizontal line or plane; as, a line or cable supported by its ends sags, though tightly drawn; the floor of a room sags; hence, to lean, give way, or settle from a vertical position; as, a building may sag one way or another; a door sags on its hinges.

2. Fig.: To lose firmness or elasticity; to sink; to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced. [R.] the mind I sway by, and the heart I bear, Shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear. Shak.

3. To loiter in walking; to idle along; to drag or droop heavily. To sag to leeward (Naut.), to make much leeway by reason of the wind, sea, or current; to drift to leeward; — said of a vessel. Totten.

SAG
Sag, v. t.

Defn: To cause to bend or give way; to load.

SAG
Sag, n.

Defn: State of sinking or bending; sagging.

SAGA Sa"ga, n.; pl. Sagas. Etym: [Icel., akin to E. saw a saying. See Say, and cf. Saw.]

Defn: A Scandinavian legend, or heroic or mythic tradition, among the
Norsemen and kindred people; a northern European popular historical
or religious tale of olden time.
And then the blue-eyed Norseman told A saga of the days of old.
Longfellow.

SAGACIOUS
Sa*ga"cious, a. Etym: [L. sagax, sagacis, akin to sagire to perceive
quickly or keenly, and probably to E. seek. See Seek, and cf.
Presage.]

1. Of quick sense perceptions; keen-scented; skilled in following a trail. Sagacious of his quarry from so far. Milton.

2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark. Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our apprehension. Dr. H. More. Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them into general propositions. Locke.

Syn.
— See Shrewd.
— Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv.
— Sa-ga"cious*ness, n.

SAGACITY
Sa*gac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. sagacitas. See Sagacious.]

Defn: The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense
perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of
judgment; shrewdness.
Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell. Cowper.
Natural sagacity improved by generous education. V. Knox.

Syn. — Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. — Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best possible advantage.

SAGAMORE
Sag"a*more, n.

1. Etym: [Cf. Sachem.]

Defn: The head of a tribe among the American Indians; a chief; — generally used as synonymous with sachem, but some writters distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow." Longfellow.

2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.

SAGAPEN
Sag"a*pen, n.

Defn: Sagapenum.

SAGAPENUM Sag`a*pe"num, n. Etym: [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbinaj, Per. sakbinah, sikbinah.] (Med.)

Defn: A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula. It has been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S. Disp.

SAGATHY
Sag"a*thy, n. Etym: [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.]

Defn: A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton; or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.

SAGE Sage, n. Etym: [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a) A suffriticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush. Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe. — Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spanish and other plants which are added to the milk. — Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse. — Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of garden sage. — Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage cock, and the female sage hen. — Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. — Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. — Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America. — Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.

SAGE Sage, a. [Compar. Sager; superl. Sagest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps akin to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.]

1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious. All you sage counselors, hence! Shak.

2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose. Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice, counseled the general to retreat. Milton.

3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards.] in sage and solemn tunes have sung." Milton.

Syn.
— Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.

SAGE
Sage, n.

Defn: A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher. At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come, And guides the Eastern sages. Milton.

SAGEBRUSH
Sage"brush`, n.

Defn: A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order
Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the
American plains; — called also sagebush, and wild sage.

SAGEBRUSH STATE
Sagebrush State.

Defn: Nevada; — a nickname.

SAGELY
Sage"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sage manner; wisely.

SAGENE
Sa*gene", n. Etym: [Russ. sajene.]

Defn: A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English feet.

SAGENESS
Sage"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. Ascham.

SAGENITE
Sag"e*nite, n. Etym: [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See
Saine.] (Min.)

Defn: Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.

SAGENITIC
Sag`e*nit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Resembling sagenite; — applied to quartz when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.

SAGGER
Sag"ger, n. Etym: [See Segger.]

1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the kiln; a segga.

2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.

SAGGING
Sag"ging, n.

Defn: A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.

SAGINATE Sag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. saginatus, p.p. of saginare to fat, fr. sagina stuffing.]

Defn: To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar." Cowper.

SAGINATION
Sag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. saginatio.]

Defn: The act of fettening or pampering. [R.] Topsell.

SAGITTA
Sa*git"ta, n. Etym: [L., an arrow.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A small constellation north of Aquila; the Arrow.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The keystone of an arch. [R.] gwitt.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; — so called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class Chætognatha.

SAGITTAL
Sag"it*tal, a. Etym: [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. saguttal.]

1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with an arowlike appendage.

2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on the inner surface of the roof of the skull. (b) In the mesial plane; as, a sagittal section of an animal. Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; — called also rabdoidal suture, and interparietal suture.

SAGITTARIUS Sag`it*ta"ri*us, n. Etym: [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.) (a) The ninth of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about November 22, marked thus [&sagittarius;] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting an arrow.

SAGITTARY
Sag"it*ta"ry, n. Etym: [See Sagittarius.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak.

2. The Arsenal in Venice; — so called from having a figure of an archer over the door. Shak.

SAGITTARY
Sag"it*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sagittarius.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. Sir T. Browne.

SAGITTATE
Sag"it*tate, a. Etym: [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.]

Defn: Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles prolonged downward.

SAGITTATED
Sag"it*ta`ted, a.

Defn: Sagittal; sagittate.

SAGITTOCYST
Sag"it*to*cyst, n. Etym: [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.

SAGO
Sa"go, n. Etym: [Malay. sagu.]

Defn: A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, atc.). Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). — Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). — Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.

SAGOIN Sa*goin", n. Etym: [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American name).] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset; — called also sagouin.

SAGUM Sa"gum, n.; pl. Saga. Etym: [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. Say a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The military cloak of the Roman soldiers.

SAGUS sa"gus, n. Etym: [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms from which sago is obtained.

SAGY
Sa"gy, a.

Defn: Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

SAHIB; SAHEB
Sa"hib, sa"heb, n. Etym: [Ar. çahib master, lord, fem. çahibah.]

Defn: A respectful title or appelation given to Europeans of rank.
[India]

SAHIBAH
Sa"hi*bah, n. Etym: [See Sahib.]

Defn: A lady; mistress. [India]

SAHIDIC
Sa*hid"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Thebaic.

SAHLITE
Sah"lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Salite.

SAHUI
Sa*hui", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marmoset.

SAI
Sa"i, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Capuchin, 3 (a).

SAIBLING
Sai"bling, n. Etym: [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European mountain trout (Salvelinus alpinus); — called also
Bavarian charr.

SAIC
Sa"ic, n. Etym: [F. saïque, turk. shaïka.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.

SAID
Said,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Say.

SAID
Said, a.

Defn: before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; — used chiefly in legal style.

SAIGA
Sai"ga, n. Etym: [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An antelope (Saiga Tartarica) native of the plains of Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has erect annulated horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and ears.

SAIKYR
Sai"kyr, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Saker. [Obs.]

SAIL Sail, n. Etym: [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG. segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. sq. root 153.]

1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water. Behoves him now both sail and oar. Milton.

2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.

3. A wing; a van. [Poetic] Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails. Spenser .

4. the extended surface of the arm of a windmill.

5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.

Note: In this sense, the plural has usually the same forms as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.

6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water.

Note: Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore-and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quardrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay. Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending. — Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. — Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams square. — Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made. — Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. — Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. — Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. — To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. — To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. — To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. — To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. — To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. — To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part. — To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. — Under sail, having the sails spread.

SAIL
Sail, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.] Etym:
[AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.]

1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.

2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.

3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from London to Canton.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.

5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird. As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air. Shak.

SAIL
Sail, v. t.

1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon(the water) by means of steam or other force. A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea. Dryden.

2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through. Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the winged gales. Pope.

3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. Totten.

SAILABLE
Sail"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable river.

SAILBOAT
Sail"boat`, n.

Defn: A boat propelled by a sail or sails.

SAILCLOTH
Sail"cloth`, n.

Defn: Duck or canvas used in making sails.

SAILER
Sail"er, n.

1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. A ship or other vessel; — with qualifying words descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.

SAILFISH Sail"fish, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The banner fish, or spikefish (Histiophorus.) (b) The basking, or liver, shark. (c) The quillback.

SAILING
Sail"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting on a voyage.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as, globular sailing; oblique sailing.

Note: For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular, Globular, Oblique, Parallel, etc. Sailing master (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant, whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold, to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of master in 1862.

SAILLESS
Sail"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of sails. Pollok.

SAILMAKER
Sail"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair sails.
— Sail"mak`ing, n.

SAILOR
Sail"or, n.

Defn: One who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.

Syn. — Mariner; seaman; seafarer. Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the Southern United States; — called also porgy, squirrel fish, yellowtail, and salt-water bream. (b) A species of grunt (Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food fish, common on the southern coasts of the United States; — called also hogfish, and pigfish.

SAILY
Sail"y, a.

Defn: Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.

SAIM
Saim, n. Etym: [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.]

Defn: Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

SAIMIR
Sai*mir", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The squirrel monkey.

SAIN
Sain, obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen.

Defn: Said. Shak.

SAIN
Sain, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Saint, Sane.]

Defn: To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence.
[R.] Sir W. Scott.

SAINFOIN Sain"foin, n. Etym: [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) + foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa) cultivated for fodder. [Written also saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]

SAINT Saint, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. santcus sacred, properly p.p. of sancire to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.]

1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God. Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. 1 Cor. i. 2.

2. One of the blessed in heaven. Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate, circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing. Milton.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.] Saint Andrew's cross (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andræ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. — Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under Cross. — Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; — popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. — Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); — so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. — Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. — Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapeweed (Centaurea solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. — Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. — Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-a-mist. See under Love. — Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid stems. — Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabæcia polifolia), named from an Irish saint. — Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. — Saint Elmo's fire, a luminious, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardams. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. — Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. — Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; — called also the white ensign. Brande & C. — Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. — Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St.Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. — Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux vomica. — Saint Jame's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by piligrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. — Saint Jame's wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). — Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. — Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers; — called also John's-wort. — Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; — instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. — Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine.

— Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; — so called from St. Martin's Festival, occuring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whitier. — Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust 4, under Cross. — Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. — Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John. — Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. — Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. — Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus. — Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; — so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.

SAINT
Saint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.]

Defn: To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to (some one). A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified, though never sainted. Addison. To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety. Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it. Shak.

SAINT
Saint, v. i.

Defn: To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.

SAINTDOM
Saint"dom, n.

Defn: The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.

SAINTED
Saint"ed, a.

1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted king." Shak. Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats. Milton.

2. Entered into heaven; — a euphemism for dead.

SAINTESS
Saint"ess, n.

Defn: A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.

SAINTHOOD
Saint"hood, n.

1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint. Walpole.

2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered collectively. It was supposed he felt no call to anu expedition that might sainthood. Sir W. Scott.

SAINTISH
Saint"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat saintlike; — used ironically.

SAINTISM
Saint"ism, n.

Defn: The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of holiness. Wood.

SAINTLIKE
Saint"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly.
Glossed over only with a saintlike show. Dryden.

SAINTLINESS
Saint"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being saintly.

SAINTLY
Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier; superl. Saintliest.]

Defn: Like a saint; becoming a holy person.
So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity. Milton.

SAINTOLOGIST
Saint*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.)

Defn: One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]

SAINTSHIP
Saint"ship, n.

Defn: The character or qualities of a saint.

SAINT-SIMONIAN
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an, n.

Defn: A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and who maintained that the principle of property held in common, and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils which exist. Brande & C.

SAINT-SIMONIANISM
Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, doctrines, or practice of the Saint-Simonians; — called also Saint-Simonism.

SAINT-SIMONISM
Saint-Si"mon*ism, n.

Defn: A system of socialism in which the state owns all the property and the laborer is entitled to share according to the quality and amount of his work, founded by Saint Simon (1760-1825).

SAITH
Saith,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]

SAITHE
Saithe, n. Etym: [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pollock, or coalfish; — called also sillock. [Scot.]

SAIVA
Sai"va ( or ), n. Etym: [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.]

Defn: One of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with peculiar veneration.

SAIVISM
Sai"vism, n.

Defn: The worship of Siva.

SAJENE
Sa*jene", n.

Defn: Same as Sagene.

SAJOU
Sa"jou (; F. , n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sapajou.

SAKE Sake, n. Etym: [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakan, Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E. seek. Cf. Seek.]

Defn: Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; — used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake, for his sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake of one's health. Moved with wrath and shame and ladies; sake. Spenser. I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake. Gen. viii. 21. Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite Milton. Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of knowledge. Sir W. Hamilton.

Note: The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes
omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1
Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural.
"For both our sakes." Shak.

SAKER Sa"ker, n. Etym: [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. hawk.] [Written also sacar, sacre.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely resembling the lanner.

Note: The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or sakeret. (b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm.
On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers. Macaulay.
The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the
rampart. Hawthorne.

SAKERET
Sa"ker*et, n. Etym: [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The male of the saker (a).

SAKI
Sa"ki, n. Etym: [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.]
(Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.

Note: The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed
(P.leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki
(P.chiropotes), are among the best-known.

SAKI
Sa"ki, n.

Defn: The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.sake

SAKIEH; SAKIYEH
Sak"i*eh, Sak"i*yeh, n. [Ar. saqiah canal, trench.]

Defn: A kind of water wheel used in Egypt for raising water, from wells or pits, in buckets attached to its periphery or to an endless rope.

SAKTI
Sak"ti, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity (Brahma,
Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.

SAL
Sal (sall), n. Etym: [Hind. s\'bel, Skr. ç\'bela.] (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian timber tree (Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light brown color, close-grained, and durable. [Written also saul.]

SAL
Sal (sâl), n. Etym: [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.)

Defn: Salt. Sal absinthii Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure
potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia
Absinthium).
— Sal acetosell\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel.
— Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth.
— Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white
crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained
from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed
as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in
bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from
camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also
muriate of ammonia.
— Sal catharticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts.
— Sal culinarius Etym: [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium
chloride.
— Sal Cyrenaicus. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above.
— Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium
sulphate; — so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of
two salts, one acid and one alkaline.
— Sal diureticus Etym: [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate.
— Sal enixum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate.
— Sal gemm\'91 Etym: [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native.
— Sal Jovis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride;
— the alchemical name of tin being Jove.
— Sal Martis Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous
sulphate; — the alchemical name of iron being. Mars.
— Sal microcosmicum Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt,
under Microcosmic.
— Sal plumbi Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead.
— Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella.
— Sal Saturni Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead
acetate; — the alchemical name of lead being Saturn.
— Sal sedativus Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric
acid.
— Sal Seignette Etym: [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.),
Rochelle salt.
— Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium.
— Sal vitrioli Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc
sulphate.
— Sal volatile. Etym: [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above.
(b) Spirits of ammonia.

SALAAM
Sa*laam", n.

Defn: Same as Salam. Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as he was folding up that letter. Prof. Wilson.

SALAAM
Sa*laam", v. i.

Defn: To make or perform a salam.
I have salaamed and kowtowed to him. H. James.

SALABILITY
Sal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salable; salableness. Duke of
Argyll.

SALABLE
Sal"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Sale.]

Defn: Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready market.
— Sal"a*ble*ness, n.
— Sal"a*bly, adv.

SALACIOUS Sa*la"cious, n. Etym: [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr. salire to leap. See Salient.]

Defn: Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. Dryden.
— Sa*la"cious*ly, dv.
— Sa*la"cious*ness, n.

SALACITY
Sa*lac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité]

Defn: Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.

SALAD Sal"ad, n. Etym: [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.]

1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc. Leaves eaten raw termed salad. I. Watts.

2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad. Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.

SALADE
Sal"ade, n.

Defn: A helmet. See Sallet.

SALADING
Sal"ad*ing, n.

Defn: Vegetable for salad.

SALAERATUS
Sal`æ*ra"tus, n.

Defn: See Saleratus.

SALAGANE
Sal"a*gane, n. Etym: [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The esculent swallow. See under Esculent.

SALAL-BERRY
Sal"al-ber`ry, n. Etym: [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.

SALAM
Sa*lam (sa*läm"), n. Etym: [Ar. salam peace, safety.]

Defn: A salutation or compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act; an obeisance, performed by bowing very low and placing the right palm on the forehead. [Written also salaam.]

SALAMANDER Sal"a*man`der, n. Etym: [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. samander, samandel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits.

Note: The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body. I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this two and thirty years. Shak. Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire, we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth immediately. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.

3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.

4. A large poker. [prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: Solidofied material in a furnace hearth. Giant salamander.
(Zoöl.) See under Giant.
— Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or
mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.

SALAMANDRINA
Sal`a*man*dri"na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Urodela, comprising salamanders.

SALAMANDRINE
Sal`a*man"drine, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire.
Addison.

SALAMANDROID
Sal`a*man"droid, a Etym: [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the salamanders.

SALAMANDROIDEA sal`a*man*droi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Amphibia including the Salamanders and allied groups; the Urodela.

SALAMSTONE
Sal"am*stone` ( or ), n. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. Dana.

SALANGANA
Sa*lan"ga*na, n.

Defn: The salagane.

SALARIED
Sal"a*ried, a.

Defn: Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.

SALARY
Sal"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. salarius.]

Defn: Saline [Obs.]

SALARY Sal"a*ry, n.; pl. Salaries. Etym: [F. salarie, L. salarium, originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of thir pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt.]

Defn: The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire. This is hire and salary, not revenge. Shak.

Note: Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.

Syn.
— Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.

SALARY
Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried; p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying.]

Defn: To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.

SALE
Sale, n.

Defn: See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALE
Sale, n. Etym: [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E.sell. See Sell, v. t.]

1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money.

2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market. They shall have ready sale for them. Spenser.

3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple. Bill of sale. See under Bill. — Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. — To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.

SALEABLE; SALEABLY
Sale"a*ble, a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc.

Defn: See Salable, Salably, etc.

SALEB
Sal"eb, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Salep.

SALEBROSITY
Sal`e*bros"i*ty, n.

Defn: Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.

SALEBROUS Sal"e*brous, a. Etym: [L. salebosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: Rough; rugged. [Obs.]

SALEP Sal"ep, n. Etym: [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.]

Defn: The dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered preparation with hot water. U. S. Disp.

SALERATUS
Sal`e*ra"tus, n. Etym: [NL. sal aëratus; — so called because it is a
source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old
Chem.)

Defn: Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under Sodium.) It is lagerly used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingridient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.

SALESMAN
Sales"man, n.; pl. Salesmen. Etym: [Sale + man.]

Defn: One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALESWOMAN
Sales"wom`an, n.; pl. Saleswomen (.

Defn: A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

SALEWORK
Sale"work`, n.

Defn: Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or slightingly. Shak.

SALIAN
Sa"lian, a.

Defn: Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. — n.

Defn: A Salian Frank.

SALIANT
Sa"li*ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Salient.

SALIAUNCE
Sal"i*aunce, a. Etym: [See Sally.]

Defn: Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce." Spenser.

SALIC Sal"ic, a. Etym: [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws called in latin leges Salicæ.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also salique.] Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.

SALICACEOUS
Sal`i*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, the willow.]

Defn: Belonging or relating to the willow.

SALICIN
Sal"i*cin, n. Etym: [L. salix, -icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See
Sallow the tree.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.salicyl alcohol glucoside, salicyl alcohol b-D- glucopyranoside, saligenin b-D-glucopyranoside, C13H18O7. It is used in biochemistry as a standard substrate for evaluating the potency of b-glucosidase in enzymatic preparations. It is also an analgesic.

SALICYL
Sal"i*cyl, n. Etym: [Salicin + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.

SALICYLAL
Sal"i*cyl`al, n. Etym: [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow sweet (Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salycylol, salicylic aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.

SALICYLATE
Sal"i*cyl`ate (-ayt), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of salicylic acid.

SALICYLIC
Sal`i*cyl"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.

SALICYLIDE
Sal"i*cyl`ide, n. Etym: [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.

SALICYLITE
Sal"i*cyl`ite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of salicylal; — named after the analogy of a salt.

SALICYLOL
Sal"i*cyl`ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Salicylal.

SALICYLOUS
Sa*lic"y*lous ( or ), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a substance called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]

SALIENCE
Sa"li*ence, n. Etym: [See Salient.]

1. That quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.

SALIENCY
Sa"li*en*cy, n.

Defn: Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.

SALIENT
Sa"li*ent, a. Etym: [L. saliens, -entis, p.pr. of salire to leap; cf.
F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..]

1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.

2. Shooting out up; springing; projecting. He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly action. Burke.

3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable. He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general comprehensiveness of mind. Bancroft.

4. (Math. & Fort.)

Defn: Projectiong outwardly; as, a salient angle; — opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.

5. (Her.)

Defn: Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient. Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. — Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. — Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.

SALIENT
Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.)

Defn: A salient angle or part; a projection.

SALIENTLY
Sa"li*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a salient manner.

SALIFEROUS
Sa*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sal salt + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, or impregnated with, salt. Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; — so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.

SALIFIABLE
Sal"i*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; — said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.

SALIFICATION
Sal`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.

SALIFY Sal"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified; p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying.] Etym: [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid.

SALIGENIN
Sa*lig"e*nin, n. Etym: [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; — called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.

SALIGOT
Sal"i*got, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: The water chestnut (Trapa natans).

SALIMETER
Sal*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written also salometer.]

SALIMETRY
Sal*im"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.

SALINA
Sa*li"na, n. Etym: [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt.
See Saline, a.]

1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

SALINA PERIOD
Sa*li"na pe"ri*od. Etym: [So called from Salina, a town in New York.]
(Geol.)

Defn: The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology.

SALINATION
Sal`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs..] Greenhill.

SALINE Sa"line ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.]

1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.

SALINE
Sa"line ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.]

Defn: A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.

SALINE
Sal"ine, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]

2. (Med. Chem.)

Defn: A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.

SALINENESS
Sa*line"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

SALINIFEROUS
Sal`i*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Saline + -ferous.]

Defn: Same as Saliferous.

SALINIFORM
Sa*lin"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.

SALINITY
Sa*lin"i*ty, n.

Defn: Salineness. Carpenter.

SALINOMETER
Sal`i*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Saline + -meter.]

Defn: A salimeter.

SALINOUS
Sa*lin"ous, a.

Defn: Saline. [Obs.]

SALIQUE
Sal"ique ( or ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Salic. Shak.
She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique. Tennyson.

SALIRETIN
Sal`i*re"tin, n. Etym: [Saligenin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.

SALISBURIA Sal`is*bu"ri*a, n. Etym: [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia adiantifolia).

SALITE Sal"ite, v. t. Etym: [L. salitus, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.]

Defn: To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

SALITE
Sa"lite, n. Etym: [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color.
[Written also sahlite.]

SALIVA
Sa*li"va, n. Etym: [L.; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: The secretion from the salivary glands.

Note: In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important degestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.

SALIVAL
Sa*li"val, a.

Defn: Salivary.

SALIVANT
Sal"i*vant, a. Etym: [L. salivans, p.pr. of salivare. See Salivate.]

Defn: Producing salivation.

SALIVANT
Sal"i*vant, n.

Defn: That which produces salivation.

SALIVARY Sal"i*va*ry, a. Etym: [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.

SALIVATE
Sal"i*vate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Salivating.] Etym: [L. salivatus, p.p. of salivare to salivate. See
Saliva.]

Defn: To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury. over.; as, salivate over the prospects of high profits from an enterprise.

Note: Probably influenced by the experiments of Pavlov, who trained dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, by previously ringing the bell immediately prior to feeding them.

SALIVATION
Sal`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompained with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.

Note: It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.

SALIVOUS
Sa*li"vous, a. Etym: [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

SALIX Sa"lix, n.; pl. Salices. Etym: [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

SALLENDERS
Sal"len*ders, n. pl. Etym: [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.)

Defn: An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.] On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called "mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg. Youatt.

SALLET Sal"let, n. Etym: [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.]

Defn: A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade.] Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved. Latimer.

SALLET; SALLETING
Sal"let, Sal"let*ing, n.

Defn: Salad. [Obs.] Shak.

SALLIANCE
Sal"li*ance, n.

Defn: Salience. [Obs.]

SALLOW
Sal"low, n. Etym: [OE. salwe, AS. sealth; akin to OHG. salaha, G.
salwiede, Icel. selja L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach,
W. helyg, Gr.

1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson. And bend the pliant sallow to a shield. Fawkes. The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb. Emerson.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc. Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

SALLOW Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower; superl. Sallowest.] Etym: [AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.]

Defn: Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.

SALLOW
Sal"low, v. t.

Defn: To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic]
July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields. Lowell.

SALLOWISH
Sal"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat sallow. Dickens.

SALLOWNESS
Sal"low*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.

SALLY
Sal"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] Etym:
[F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to gr. Sallient,
Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.]

Defn: To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a
body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a
sally.
They break the truce, and sally out by night. Dryden.
The foe retires, — she heads the sallying host. Byron.

SALLY Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies. Etym: [F. saillie, fr. sailir. See Sally, v.]

1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie. Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with loss. Bacon.

3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation. Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still round in the same track. Locke.

4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind. The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies. Sir W. Scott.

5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade. The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth. Sir H. Wotton. Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

SALLY LUNN Sal"ly Lunn". Etym: [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.]

Defn: A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.

SALLYMAN
Sal"ly*man, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The velella; — called also saleeman.

SALM
Salm, n.

Defn: Psalm. [Obs.] Piers plowman.

SALMAGUNDI Sal`ma*gun"di, n. Etym: [F. salmigondis of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.]

1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. Johnson.

2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.

SALMI
Sal"mi, n. (Cookery)

Defn: Same as Salmis.

SALMIAC
Sal"mi*ac, n. Etym: [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.

SALMIS
Sal`mis", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A ragout or partky roasted game stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke appetite.

SALMON Salm"on, n.; pl. Salmons or (collectively) Salmon. Etym: [OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.

Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. — Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). — Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). — King salmon, the quinnat. — Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon. Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.

2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon. Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. — Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. — Salmon ladder, salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. — Salmon peel, a young salmon. — Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. — Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

SALMON
Salm"on, a.

Defn: Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.

SALMONET
Salm"on*et, n. Etym: [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon of small size; a samlet.

SALMONOID
Sal"mon*oid, a. Etym: [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. — n.

Defn: Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.

SALOGEN
Sal"o*gen, n. Etym: [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A halogen. [Obs.]

SALOL
Sal"ol, n. Etym: [Salicylic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.

SALOMETER sa*lom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Salimeter.

SALOMETRY
Sa*lom"e*try, n.

Defn: Salimetry.

SALON
Sa`lon", n. Etym: [F. See Saloon.]

Defn: An apartment for the reception of company; hence, in the plural, faschionable parties; circles of fashionable society.

SALON
Sa`lon", n.

Defn: An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; — sometimes called the Old Salon. New Salon is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Société des Artistes Français (Society of French Artists).

SALOON Sa*loon", n. Etym: [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil ground, earth.]

1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat. The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . . gave banquets and balls. Macaulay.

2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon. We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at Athens.] J. P. Mahaffy.

SALOOP
Sa*loop", n.

Defn: An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict. econ. Plants). Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.

SALP
Salp, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.

SALPA Sal"pa, n.; pl. L. Salpæ, E. Salpas. Etym: [NL.: cf. L. salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of transparent, tubular, free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.

Note: Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.

SALPIAN; SALPID
Sal"pi*an, Sal"pid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salpa.

SALPICON
Sal"pi*con, n. Etym: [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.]

Defn: Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce. Bacon.

SALPINGITIS
Sal`pin*gi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the salpinx.

SALPINX
Sal"pinx, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Old Anat.)

Defn: The Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.

SALSAFY
Sal"sa*fy, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Salsify.

SALSAMENTARIOUS Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p.p. of salire to salt.]

Defn: Salt; salted; saline. [R.]

SALSE
Salse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts, whence the name.

SALSIFY
Sal"si*fy, n. Etym: [F. salsifis.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Oyster plant (a), under Oyster.

SALSO-ACID
Sal"so-ac`id, a. Etym: [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.]

Defn: Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]

SALSODA
Sal`so"da, n.

Defn: See Sal soda, under Sal.

SALSOLA Sal"so*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain alkaline salts.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the glasswort. See Glasswort.

SALSUGINOUS sal*su"gi*nous, a. Etym: [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing in brackish places or in salt marches.

SALT
Salt, n. Etym: [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G.
salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann,
W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce,
Sausage.]

1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.

2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning. Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some salt of our youth in us. Shak.

3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.

4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar. I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts. Pepys.

5. A sailor; — usually qualified by old. [Colloq.] Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping, clusters of old salts. Hawthorne.

6. (Chem.)

Defn: The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.

Note: Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts See Phrases below.

7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt. Ye are the salt of the earth. Matt. v. 13.

8. pl.

Defn: Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially
Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.

9. pl.

Defn: Marches flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.] Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot. His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in clothes. He never drinks below the salt. B. Jonson. — Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt. — Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. — Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] — Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. — Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. — Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. — Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. — Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystalizing plant juices. — Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. — Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary. — Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. — Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic. — Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. — Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid. — Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] — Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. — Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. — Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. — Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid. — Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. — Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under Hartshorn. — Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below. — Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; — the alchemical of lead being Saturn. — Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. — Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. — Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; — so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon. — Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; — so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] — Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate; — the alchemical name of copper being Venus. — Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth. — Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid. — Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. — Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. — Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.

SALT
Salt, a. [Compar. Salter; superl. Saltest.] Etym: [AS. sealt, salt.
See Salt, n.]

1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.

2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.

3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent. I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me. Shak.

4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak. Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. — Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. — Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efforescences. [Western U.S.] bartlett. — Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. — Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. — Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. — Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a salimeter. — Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] — Salt junk, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] — Salt lick. See Lick, n. — Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. — Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acreæ which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also wooly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly. — Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt marshes. — Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail. — Salt-marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond-back. — Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. — Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. — Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. — Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] — Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea. — Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] — Salt spring, a spring of salt water. — Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. — Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also tears. Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here. Shak. — Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. — Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.

SALT
Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.]

1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] — To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.

SALT
Salt, v. i.

Defn: To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.

SALT
Salt, n. Etym: [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.]

Defn: The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SALTANT Sal"tant, a. Etym: [L. saltans, p.pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.]

1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.

2. (Her.)

Defn: In a leaping position; springing forward; — applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.

SALTARELLA
Sal`ta*rel"la, n.

Defn: See Saltarello.

SALTARELLO
Sal`ta*rel"lo, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.]

Defn: A popular Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.

SALTATE
Sal"tate, v. i. Etym: [See Saltant.]

Defn: To leap or dance. [R.]

SALTATION
Sal*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.]

1. A leaping or jumping. Continued his saltation without pause. Sir W. Scott.

2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races. We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known forms. Huxley.

SALTATORIA
Sal`ta*to"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Orthoptera including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.

SALTATORIAL
Sal`ta*to"ri*al, a.

1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.

SALTATORIOUS
Sal`ta*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.

SALTATORY
Sal"ta*to"ry, a. Etym: [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf.
Saltire.]

Defn: Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing. Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. — Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.

SALTBUSH
Salt"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot family.

SALTCAT
Salt"cat`, n.

Defn: A mixture of salt, coarse meal lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.

SALTCELLAR Salt"cel*lar, n. Etym: [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.]

Defn: Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the table.

SALTER
Salt"er, n.

Defn: One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.

SALTERN
Salt"ern, n.

Defn: A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt works.

SALTFOOT
Salt"foot`, n.

Defn: A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.

SALT-GREEN
Salt"-green, a.

Defn: Sea-green in color. Shak.

SALTIE
Salt"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European dab.

SALTIER
Sal"tier, n.

Defn: See Saltire.

SALTIGRADAE
Sal`ti*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey; the leaping spiders.

SALTIGRADE Sal"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having feet or legs formed for leaping.

SALTIGRADE
Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Saltigradæ a tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey.

SALTIMBANCO Sal`tim*ban"co, n. Etym: [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.]

Defn: A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santibanco.]
Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans. Sir T. browne.

SALTING
Salt"ing, n.

1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.

2. A salt marsh.

SALTIRE
Sal"tire, n. Etym: [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of
stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.]
(Her.)

Defn: A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, — one of the honorable ordinaries.

SALTIREWISE
Sal"tire*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a saltire; — said especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.

SALTISH
Salt"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt.
— Salt"ish*ly, adv.
— Salt"ish*ness, n.

SALTLESS
Salt"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of salt; insipid.

SALTLY
Salt"ly, adv.

Defn: With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

SALTMOUTH
Salt"mouth`, n.

Defn: A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.

SALTNESS
Salt"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.

SALTPETER; SALTPETRE Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre, (, n. Etym: [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt; Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.)

Defn: Potassium nitrate; niter, a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant. Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. — Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; — sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.

SALTPETROUS
Salt`pe"trous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. salpêtreux.]

Defn: Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]

SALT RHEUM
Salt" rheum. (Med.)

Defn: A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.

SALTWORT
Salt`wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort. Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.

SALTY
Salt"y, a.

Defn: Somewhat salt; saltish.

SALUBRIOUS Sa*lu"bri*ous, a. Etym: [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.]

Defn: Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.

Syn.
— Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.
— Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv.
— Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.

SALUBRITY
Sa*lu"bri*ty, n. Etym: [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See
Salubrious.]

Defn: The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry small of salubrity." G. W. Cable.

SALUE
Sa*lue", v. t. Etym: [F. saluer. See Salute.]

Defn: To salute. [Obs.]
There was no "good day" and no saluyng. Chaucer.

SALUTARY Sal"u*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.]

1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.

2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.

Syn.
— Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful;
advantageous; profitable.
— Sal"u*ta*ri*ly, adv.
— Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

SALUTATION
Sal`u*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See
Salute.]

Defn: The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting. In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober persons. Jer. Taylor.

Syn. — Greeting; salute; address. — Salutation, Greeting, Salute, Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their embrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute. Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets. Luke xi. 43. When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb. Luke i. 41. I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three friends. Addison.

SALUTATORIAN
Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an, n.

Defn: The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, — an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]

SALUTATORILY
Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of salutation.

SALUTATORY
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. salutatorius. See Salute.]

Defn: Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; — applied especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.

SALUTATORY
Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n.

1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (American Colleges)

Defn: The salutatory oration.

SALUTE
Sa*lute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.]
Etym: [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See
Salubrious.]

1. To adress, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail. I salute you with this kingly title. Shak.

2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc. You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the freedom to salute it. Addison.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.

4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.

SALUTE
Sa*lute", n. Etym: [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.]

1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.

2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.

3. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.

SALUTER
Sa*lut"er, n.

Defn: One who salutes.

SALUTIFEROUS Sal`u*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to bring.]

Defn: Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous air. [R.] Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous. Cudworth.

Syn.
— Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.

SALUTIFEROUSLY
Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Salutarily. [R.]

SALVABILITY
Sal`va*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.] In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible outside the communion of the visible organization. A. V. G. Allen.

SALVABLE
Sal"va*ble, a. Etym: [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf.
Savable.]

Defn: Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More.
— Sal"va*ble*ness, n.
— Sal"va*bly, adv.

SALVAGE Sal"vage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See Save.]

1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, goods, or life, from perils of the sea. Salvage of life from a british ship, or a foreign ship in British waters, ranks before salvage of goods. Encyc. Brit.

2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.

SALVAGE
Sal"vage, a. & n.

Defn: Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.

SALVATION
Sal*va"tion, n. Etym: [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr.
L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.]

1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to
eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness.
To earn salvation for the sons of men. Milton.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. 2. Cor. vii. 10.

3. Saving power; that which saves. Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will show to you to-day. Ex. xiv. 13. Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.

SALVATIONIST
Sal*va"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.

SALVATORY
Sal"va*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.]

Defn: A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M.
Hale.

SALVE Sal"ve, interj. Etym: [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.]

Defn: Hail!

SALVE
Sal"ve ( or ), v. t.

Defn: To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.] By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved them. Spenser.

SALVE Salve, n. Etym: [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salva, Goth. salb to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) sapris clarified butter. sq. root155, 291.]

1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.

2. A soothing remedy or antidote. Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores. Milton. Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, — used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.

SALVE
Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved; p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] Etym:
[AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.]

1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial traetment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.

2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over. But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds. Spenser. What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence Milton.

SALVE
Salve, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Salvage]

Defn: To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea.
[Recent]

SALVER
Salv"er, n.

Defn: One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]

SALVER
Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Cf. Salvage.]

Defn: A salvor. Skeat.

SALVER Sal"ver, n. Etym: [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.]

Defn: A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.

SALVER-SHAPED
Sal"ver-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Tubular, with a speading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.

SALVIA
Sal"vi*a, n. Etym: [L., sage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the sage. See Sage.

SALVIFIC Sal*vif"ic, a. Etym: [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to make.]

Defn: Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]

SALVO Sal"vo, n.; pl. Salvos. Etym: [L. salvo jure, literally, the right being reserved. See Safe.]

Defn: An exception; a reservation; an excuse.
They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations. Eilon Basilike.

SALVO
Sal"vo, n. Etym: [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L.
salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See
Safe.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.

SALVOR
Sal"vor, n. Etym: [See Salvation, Save] (Law)

Defn: One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.

SAM
Sam, adv. Etym: [AS. same. See Same, a.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.

SAMARA
Sa*ma"ra ( or ), n. Etym: [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.

SAMARE
Sam"are, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARITAN
Sa*mar"i*tan, a. Etym: [L. Samaritanus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of
Samaria.

SAMARIUM
Sa*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.

Note: Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the donbtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.

SAMAROID
Sam"a*roid, a. Etym: [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.

SAMARRA
Sa*mar"ra, n.

Defn: See Simar.

SAMARSKITE
Sa*mar"skite, a. Etym: [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.

SAMBO
Sam"bo, n. Etym: [Sp. zambo, sambo.]

Defn: A colloquial or humorous appelation for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.

SAMBOO
Sam"boo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sumbur.

SAMBUCUS
Sam*bu"cus, n. Etym: [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and trees; the elder.

SAMBUKE
Sam"buke, n. Etym: [L. sambuca, Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is unknown.

SAMBUR
Sam"bur, n. Etym: [Hind. sambar, sabar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).

SAME Same, a. Etym: [AS. same. adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samui, Gr. sama, Gr. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. sq. root191. Cf. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.]

1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical; unchanged. Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end. Ps. cii. 27.

2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like. The ethereal vigor is in all the same. Dryden.

3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned. What ye know, the same do I know. Job. xiii. 2. Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his country to relieve. Daniel.

Note: Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often
used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it
is followed by as or with.
Bees like the same odors as we do. Lubbock.
[He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend.
Macaulay.

SAMELINESS
Same"li*ness, n.

Defn: Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.

SAMENESS
Same"ness, n.

1. The state of being the same, identity; abscence of difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.

2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.

Syn.
— Identity; identicalness; oneness.

SAMETTE
Sa*mette", n.

Defn: See Samite. [Obs.]

SAMIAN
Sa"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Samius.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.
Fill high the cup with Samian wine. Byreon.
Samian earth, a species of clay from Samoa, formerly used in medicine
as an astringent.

SAMIAN
Sa"mi*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Samos.

SAMIEL
Sa"mi*el, n. Etym: [Turk. sam-yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind.
Cf. Simoom.]

Defn: A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the kamsin of Syria.

SAMIOT
Sa"mi*ot, a. & n. Etym: [Cf. F. samiote.]

Defn: Samian.

SAMISEN
Sam"i*sen, n. [Jap.] (Mus.)

Defn: A Japanese musical instrument with three strings, resembling a guitar or banjo.

SAMITE Sa"mite, a. Etym: [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. Six, and cf. Dimity.]

Defn: A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with
gold. Tennyson.
In silken samite she was light arrayed. Spenser.

SAMLET
Sam"let, n. Etym: [Cf. Salmonet.]

Defn: The parr.

SAMMIER
Sam"mi*er, n.

Defn: A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.

SAMOAN
Sa*mo"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called
Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their
inhabitants.
— n.

Defn: An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.

SAMOVAR
Sa"mo*var, n. Etym: [Russ. samovar'.]

Defn: A metal urn used in Russia for making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the urn.

SAMOYEDES
Sam`oy*edes", n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.Samoyeds.

SAMP Samp, n. Etym: [From American Indian sapac, saupac, made soft, or thinned.]

Defn: An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.

SAMPAN
Sam"pan, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]

SAMPHIRE Sam"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles. Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade! Scak.

(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); — called in England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies. Golden samphire. See under Golden.

SAMPLE
Sam"ple, n. Etym: [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr.
L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.]

1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest."
Shak.
Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed.
Fairfax.

2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples. I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to discuss. Woodward.

Syn.
— Specimen; example. See Specimen.

SAMPLE
Sam"ple, v. t.

1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.

2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloth.

SAMPLER
Sam"pler, n. Etym: [See Exampler, Exemplar.]

1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.

2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to display the skill of the worker. Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how to make that W you bothered over. E. E. Hale.

SAMSHOO; SAMSHU
Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (, n. Etym: [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.]

Defn: A spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W. Williams.

SAMSON
Sam"son, n.

Defn: An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical strength. Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pilar carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deepwell boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.

SAMURAI
Sa"mu*rai`, n. pl. & sing. [Jap.]

Defn: In the former feudal system of Japan, the class or a member of the class, of military retainers of the daimios, constituting the gentry or lesser nobility. They possessed power of life and death over the commoners, and wore two swords as their distinguishing mark. Their special rights and privileges were abolished with the fall of feudalism in 1871.

SANABILITY
San`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness; curableness.

SANABLE San"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.

Syn.
— Remediable; curable; healable.

SANABLENESS
San"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanable.

SANATION
Sa*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanatio. See Sanable.]

Defn: The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.

SANATIVE
San"a*tive, a. Etym: [LL. sanativus.]

Defn: Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal;
sanatory.
— San"a*tive*ness, n.

SANATORIUM
San`a*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanatory.]

Defn: An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.

SANATORY
San"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sa to heal. See
Sanable.]

Defn: Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative;
sanative.
Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as
quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc. De Quincey.

Note: Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory signifies conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general meaning of pertaining to health.

SANBENITO San`be*ni"to, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack + benedictus blessed.]

1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by penitens on being reconciled to the church.

2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.

SANCE-BELL; SANCTE BELL
Sance"-bell", Sanc"te bell", n.

Defn: See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.

SANCHO
San"cho, n. [Sp., a proper name.] (Card Playing)

Defn: The nine of trumps in sancho pedro.

SANCHO PEDRO
Sancho pedro. [Sp. Pedro Peter.] (Card Playing)

Defn: A variety of auction pitch in which the nine (sancho) and five (pedro) of trumps are added as counting cards at their pip value, and the ten of trumps counts game.

SANCTIFICATE Sanc"ti*fi*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. sanctificatus, p.p. of sanctificare.]

Defn: To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.

SANCTIFICATION Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctificatio: cf. F. sanctification.]

1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the being sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to, a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or sanctified. God hath from the baginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth. 2 Thess. ii. 13.

2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart, for a sacred purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.

SANCTIFIED
Sanc"ti*fied, a.

Defn: Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.

SANCTIFIER
Sanc"ti*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy
Spirit.

SANCTIFY
Sanc"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sanctifying.] Etym: [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.]

1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow. God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it. Gen. ii. 3. Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garnment. Lev. viii. 30.

2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and pollution; to purify. Sanctify them through thy truth. John xvii. 17.

3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety. A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me repent of that unjust act. Eikon Basilike.

4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from violation; to give sanction to. The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the bliss by law. Dryden. Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line. Pope.

SANCTIFYINGLY
Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.

SANCTILOQUENT Sanc*til"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.]

Defn: Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.

SANCTIMONIAL
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ]

Defn: Sanctimonius. [Obs.]

SANCTIMONIOUS
Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. Etym: [See Sanctimony.]

1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.

2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically
devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak.
— Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv.
— Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

SANCTIMONY Sanc"ti*mo*ny, n. Etym: [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF. sanctimonie. See Saint.]

Defn: Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness. Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with most austere sanctimony she accomplished. Shak.

SANCTION
Sanc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sanctio, from sancire, samctum to render
sacred or inviolable, to fix unalternably: cf. F. sanction. See
Saint.]

1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by authority to it; confirmation; approbation. The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their testimony. I. Watts.

2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of another; as, legal sanctions.

Syn.
— Ratification; authorization; authoruty; countenance; support.

SANCTION
Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sanctioning.]

Defn: To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.
Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous experiments.
De Quincey.

Syn.
— To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.

SANCTIONARY
Sanc"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.

SANCTITUDE
Sanc"ti*tude, a. Etym: [L. sanctitudo.]

Defn: Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] milton.

SANCTITY Sanc"ti*ty, n.; pl. Sanctities. Etym: [L. sanctitas, from sanctus holy. See Saint.]

1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity; godliness. To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the imputation of irreligion. Macaulay.

2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as, the sanctity of an oath.

3. A saint or holy being. [R.] About him all the sanctities of heaven. Milton.

Syn. — Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity; religiousness;sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.

SANCTUARIZE
Sanc"tu*a*rize, v. t.

Defn: To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Obs.]
Shak.

SANCTUARY Sanc"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Sanctuaries. Etym: [OE. seintuare, OF. saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred, holy. See Saint.]

Defn: A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed. (c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge; protection. These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privelege of sanctuary. Milton . These admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the common destiny. Dryden. Wildlife sanctuary, a tract of land set aside by law for the preservation of wildlife, in which no hunting is permitted.

SANCTUM
Sanc"tum, n. Etym: [L., p.p. of sanctire to consecrate.]

Defn: A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use; as, an editor's sanctum. Sanctum sanctorum Etym: [L.] , the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as in the Jewish temple.

SANCTUS
Sanc"tus, n. Etym: [L. sanctus, p.p. of sancire.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; — called also Tersanctus.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: An anthem composed for these words. Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a hand bell is now often used; — so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring bell, saints' bell, sance- bell, sancte bell.

SAND Sand, n. Etym: [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr.

1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet. That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small pebbles. Woodsward.

2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.

3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life. The sands are numbered that make up my life. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o'Dee." C. Kingsley.

5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang] Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). — Sand bag (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by assassins. — Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. — Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand. — Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. — Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; — called also shore birds. — Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. — Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. — Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. — Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. — Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function. — Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] — Sand collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. — Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. — Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness. — Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United States. — Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidiod fish. See Illust. under Ophidiod. — Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea); — called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied species. — Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). — Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius parma of the American coast. — Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand. — Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. — Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones. — Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) the chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. — Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. — Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); — called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. — Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. — Sand gall (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. — Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast.

— Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. — Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. — Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). — Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. — Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp. — Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red-capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); — called also red- necked plover. — Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. — Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). — Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. — Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat. — Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry localities. — Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] — Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. — Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and teehoo. — Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. — Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. — Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. — Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in dept, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; — called also sand gall. — Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small british lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; — called also sand prey. — Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. — Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher. — Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. — Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone. — Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; — called also sand collar. — Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. — Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; — called also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora. — Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. — Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. — Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside. — Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially E. Jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. — Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper. — Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. — Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. — Sand sucker, the sandnecker. — Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. — Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zoöl. ) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. — Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. — Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.

SAND
Sand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.]

1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.

2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.

3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.

4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]

SANDAL
San"dal, n.

Defn: Same as Sendal.
Sails of silk and ropes of sandal. Longfellow.

SANDAL
San"dal, n.

Defn: Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.

SANDAL San"dal, n. Etym: [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper. (b) A kind of slipper. (c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.

SANDALED
San"daled, a.

1. Wearing sandals. The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet. Longfellow.

2. Made like a sandal.

SANDALIFORM
San*dal"i*form, a. Etym: [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a sandal or slipper.

SANDALWOOD San"dal*wood, n. Etym: [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.) (a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium, the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus). False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti. — Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera pavonina); — called also red sanderswood, sanders or saunders, and rubywood.

SANDARACH; SANDARAC
San"da*rach, San"da*rac, (, n. Etym: [L. sandaraca, Gr.

1. (Min.)

Defn: Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]

2. (Bot. Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; — probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.

SANDBAGGER
Sand"bag`ger, n.

Defn: An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag, under
Sand.

SAND-BLIND Sand"-blind", a. Etym: [For sam blind half blind; AS. sam- half (akin to semi-) + blind.]

Defn: Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.

SANDED
Sand"ed, a.

1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.

2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound. Shak.

3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]

SANDEMANIAN
San`de*ma"ni*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See Glassite.

SANDEMANIANISM
San`de*ma"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A. Fuller.

SANDERLING San"der*ling, n. Etym: [Sand + 0ling. So called because it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover.

SANDERS
San"ders, n. Etym: [See Sandal.]

Defn: An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

SANDERS-BLUE
San"ders-blue", n.

Defn: See Saundersblue.

SANDEVER
San"de*ver, n.

Defn: See Sandiver. [Obs.]

SANDFISH
Sand"fish`, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America
(Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.

SANDGLASS
Sand"glass`, n.

Defn: An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See
Hourglass.

SANDHILLER
Sand"hill`er, n.

Defn: A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the pine woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina. [U.S.]

SANDINESS
Sand"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.

SANDISH
Sand"ish, a.

Defn: Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.]
Evelyn.

SANDIVER San"di*ver, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. OF. sa\'8bn grease, fat + de of + verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.]

Defn: A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is skimmed off; — called also glass gall. [Formerly written also sandever.]

SANDIX San"dix, n. Etym: [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like vermilion, Gr.

Defn: A kind of minium, or red lead, made by calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written also sandyx.] [Obs.]

SAND-LOT
Sand"-lot`, a.

Defn: Lit., of or pert. to a lot or piece of sandy ground, — hence, pert. to, or characteristic of, the policy or practices of the socialistic or communistic followers of the Irish agitator Denis Kearney, who delivered many of his speeches in the open sand lots about San Francisco; as, the sand-lot constitution of California, framed in 1879, under the influence of sand-lot agitation.

SANDMAN
Sand"man`, n.

Defn: A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.

SANDNECKER
Sand"neck`er, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); — called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.

SANDPAPER
Sand"pa`per, n.

Defn: Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, — used for smoothing and polishing.

SANDPAPER
Sand"pa`per, v. t.

Defn: To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.

SANDPIPER
Sand"pi`per, n.

1. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera of the family Tringid\'91.

Note: The most important North American species are the pestoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also browback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black-breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T.maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or tringoides, hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers.

2. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A small lamprey eel; the pride. Curlew sandpiper. See under
Curlew.
— Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.

SANDPIT
Sand"pit`, n.

Defn: A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.

SANDRE
San"dre, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields a valuable oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.

SANDSTONE
Sand"stone`, n.

Defn: A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.

Note: Different names are aplied to the various kinds of sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc. Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer-grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. — Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the Chart of Geology.

SANDWICH
Sand"wich, n. Etym: [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.]

Defn: Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like, between them.

SANDWICH
Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sandwiching.]

Defn: To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.

SANDWORM Sand"worm`, n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the seashore. (b) Any species of annelids of the genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters. (c) The chigoe, a species of flea.

SANDWORT
Sand"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted herbs (order
Caryophyllace\'91.)

SANDY
Sand"y, a. [Compar. Sandier; superl. Sandiest.] Etym: [AS. sandig.]

1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.

2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy hair.

SANDYX
San"dyx, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Sandix.

SANE
Sane, a. Etym: [L. sanus; cf. Gr. Sound, a.]

1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; — said of the mind.

2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; — said of persons.

Syn.
— Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.

SANENESS
Sane"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sane; sanity.

SANG
Sang,

Defn: imp. of Sing.

SANGA; SANGU
San"ga, San"gu, n. (Zo\'94l.)

Defn: The Abyssinian ox (Bos or Bibos, Africanus), noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.

SANGAREE San`ga*ree", n. Etym: [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre, blood, L. sanguis.]

Defn: Wine and water sweetened and spiced, — a favorite West Indian drink.

SANG-FROID
Sang`-froid", n. Etym: [F., cold blood.]

Defn: Freedom from agitation or excitement of mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference; calmness. Burke.

SANGIAC
San"gi*ac, n.

Defn: See Sanjak.

SANGRAAL; SANGREAL
San`graal", San"gre*al, n. Etym: [See Saint, and Grail.]

Defn: See Holy Grail, under Grail.

SANGUIFEROUS
San*guif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries, veins, capillaries.

SANGUIFICATION
San`gui*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.]
(Physiol.)

Defn: The production of blood; the conversion of the products of digestion into blood; hematosis.

SANGUIFIER
San"gui*fi`er, n.

Defn: A producer of blood.

SANGUIFLUOUS
San*guif"lu*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing or running with blood.

SANGUIFY
San"gui*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.]

Defn: To produce blood from.

SANGUIGENOUS
San*guig"e*nous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + -genous.]

Defn: Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.

SANGUINACEOUS
San`gui*na"ceous, n.

Defn: Of a blood-red color; sanguine.

SANGUINARIA
San`gui*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Poppy family.

Note: Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.

2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic, etc.

SANGUINARILY
San"gui*na*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguinary manner.

SANGUINARINESS
San"gui*na*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sanguinary.

SANGUINARY
San"gui*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf.
F.sanguinaire.]

1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary war, contest, or battle. We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary persecutions to force consciences. Bacon.

2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood. Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary. Broome.

SANGUINARY San"gui*na*ry, n. Etym: [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.) (a) The yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.

SANGUINE
San"guine, a. Etym: [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood.
Cf. Sanguineous.]

1. Having the color of blood; red. Of his complexion he was sanguine. Chaucer. Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. Milton.

2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament.

3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.

4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of success.

Syn.
— Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.

SANGUINE
San"guine, n.

1. Blood color; red. Spenser.

2. Anything of a blood-red, as cloth. [Obs.] In sanguine and in pes he clad was all. Chaucer.

3. (Min.)

Defn: Bloodstone.

4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.

SANGUINE
San"guine, v. t.

Defn: To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.

SANGUINE
San"guine, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner.
I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does. Burke.

SANGUINELESS
San"guine*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]

SANGUINELY
San"guine*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sanguine manner.

I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does.
Burke.

SANGUINENESS
San"guine*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine.

SANGUINEOUS
San*guin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.]

1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.

2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T. Browne.

3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.

SANGUINITY san*guin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.

SANGUINIVOROUS
San"gui*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.]

Defn: Subsisting on blood.

SANGUINOLENCY
San*guin"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.

SANGUINOLENT
San*guin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf.
F. sanguinolent.]

Defn: Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.

SANGUISUGE San"gui*suge, n. Etym: [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to suck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bloodsucker, or leech.

SANGUIVOROUS
San*guiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Subsisting upon blood; — said of certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See Vampire.

SANHEDRIN; SANHEDRIM
San"he*drin, San"he*drim, n. Etym: [Heb. sanhedrin, fr. Gr. Sit.]
(Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.

SANHEDRIST
San"he*drist, n.

Defn: A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's Com. ).

SANHITA
San"hi*ta, n. Etym: [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.]

Defn: A collection of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first part of each Veda.

SANICLE
San"i*cle, n. Etym: [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have healing powers.

SANIDINE
San"i*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; — called also glassy feldspar.

SANIES
Sa"ni*es, n. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged from ulcers or foul wounds.

SANIOUS
Sa"ni*ous, a. Etym: [L. sanious, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the sanious matter of an ulcer.

2. (med.)

Defn: Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.

SANITARIAN
San`i*ta"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.

SANITARIAN
San`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.

SANITARIST
San"i*ta*rist, n.

Defn: A sanitarian.

SANITARIUM
San`i*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Sanitary.]

Defn: A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for troops." L. Oliphant.

SANITARY
San"i*ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See
Sanity.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or restoration of health; hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory. Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.

SANITATION
San`i*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary
conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures;
hygiene.
How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century. H.
Hartshorne.

SANITY
San"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. saniras, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.

SANJAK
San"jak, n. Etym: [Turk. sanjag.]

Defn: A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]

SAN JOSE SCALE
San Jo*sé" scale.

Defn: A very destructive scale insect (Aspidiotus perniciosus) that infests the apple, pear, and other fruit trees. So called because first introduced into the United States at San José, California.

SANK
Sank,

Defn: imp. of Sink.

SANKHA
Sank"ha, n. Etym: [Skr. çankha a shell.]

Defn: A chank shell (Turbinella pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace made in India from the chank shell.

SANKHYA
Sankh"ya, n.

Defn: A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all things to soul and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of three elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.

SANNOP
San"nop (sân"nôp), n.

Defn: same as Sannup. Bancroft.

SANNUP
San"nup (-nûp), n.

Defn: A male Indian; a brave; — correlative of squaw.

SANNY
San"ny, n.

Defn: The sandpiper. [prov. Eng.]

SANS
Sans (sän; E. sânz), prep. Etym: [F., from L. sine without.]

Defn: Without; deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. "Sans fail." Chaucer. Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything. Shak.

SANSCRIT
San"scrit, n.

Defn: See Sanskrit.

SANS-CULOTTE
Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. ; E. , n. Etym: [F., without breeches.]

1. A fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; — a name of reproach given in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party, who rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.

2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.

SANS-CULOTTIC
Sans`-cu*lot"tic, a.

Defn: pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical; revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.

SANS-CULOTTISM
Sans`-cu*lot"tism, n. Etym: [F. sans-culottisme.]

Defn: Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.

SANSKRIT San"skrit, n. Etym: [Skr. Samskrsta the Sanskrit language, literally, the perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskrsta prepared, wrought, made,excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + krsta made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.]

Defn: The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.

SANSKRIT
San"skrit, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a
Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.

SANSKRITIC
San*skrit"ic, a.

Defn: Sanskrit.

SANSKRITIST
San"skrit*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in Sanskrit.

SANS-SOUCI
Sans`-sou`ci, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Without care; free and easy.

SANTAL
San"tal, n. Etym: [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.

SANTALACEOUS
San`ta*la"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalaceæ), of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.

SANTALIC
San*tal"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood (Santalum); — used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin.

SANTALIN
San"ta*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Santalic acid. See Santalic.

SANTALUM
San"ta*lum, n. Etym: [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.

SANTEES
San`tees", n. pl.; sing. Santee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.

SANTER
San"ter, v. i.

Defn: See Saunter.

SANTON
San"ton, n. Etym: [Sp. santon, augment fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.]

Defn: A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.

SANTONATE
San"to*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santonic acid.

SANTONIC
San*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline substance.

SANTONIN
San"to*nin, n. Etym: [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr.
Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. santonine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.

SANTONINATE
San"to*nin`ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of santoninic acid.

SANTONINIC
San`to*nin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to santonin; — used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

SAO
Sa"o, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia, especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.

SAP Sap, n. Etym: [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.]

1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

Note: The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.

2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.

3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang] Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. — Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. — Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry. — Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. — Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.

SAP Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] Etym: [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.]

1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of. Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To pierce with saps.

3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken. Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.

SAP
Sap, v. i.

Defn: To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. W. P. Craighill. Both assaults carried on by sapping. Tatler.

SAP
Sap, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc. Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. — Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.

SAPADILLO
Sap`a*dil"lo, n.

Defn: See Sapodila.

SAPAJO
Sap"a*jo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapajou.

SAPAJOU
Sap"a*jou, n. Etym: [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou (C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See Capuchin.

SAPAN WOOD
Sa*pan" wood. Etym: [Malay sapang.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dyewood yielded by Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood.]

SAPFUL
Sap"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in sap; sappy.

SAPHEAD
Sap"head`, n.

Defn: A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]

SAPHENOUS Sa*phe"nous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.) (a) Manifest; — applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes.

SAPID
Sap"id, a. Etym: [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See
Sapient, Savor.]

Defn: Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing
savor, or flavor.
Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet.
Sir T. Browne.

SAPIDITY
Sa*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.
Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another. M. S.
Lamson.

SAPIDNESS
Sap"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being sapid; sapidity. When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENCE
Sa"pi*ence, n. Etym: [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..]

Defn: The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge.
Cowper.
Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered
sapience. Tennyson.

SAPIENT Sa"pi*ent, a. Etym: [L. sapiens, -entis, p.pr. of sapere to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage, a.]

Defn: Wise; sage; discerning; — often in irony or contempt.
Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse.
Milton.

Syn.
— Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.

SAPIENTIAL
Sa`pi*en"tial, a. Etym: [L. sapientialis.]

Defn: Having or affording wisdom.
— Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv.
The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. Jer. Taylor.

SAPIENTIOUS
Sa`pi*en"tious, a.

Defn: Sapiential. [Obs.]

SAPIENTIZE
Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.

SAPIENTLY
Sa"pi*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sapient manner.

SAPINDACEOUS
Sap`in*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs (Sapindaceæ), including the (Typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.

SAPINDUS
Sa*pin"dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.

SAPLESS
Sap"less, a.

1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.

2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless womanhood." Lowell. Now sapless on the verge of death he stands. Dryden.

SAPLING sap"ling, n.

Defn: A young tree. Shak.

SAPODILLA Sap`o*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree (Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo, sappadilo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.] Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.

SAPOGENIN
Sa*pog"e*nin, n. Etym: [Saponin + -gen + in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.

SAPONACEOUS Sap`o*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap. See Soap.]

Defn: Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.

Note: Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.

SAPONACITY
Sap`o*nac"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saponaceous.

SAPONARY
Sap"o*na*ry, a.

Defn: Saponaceous. Boyle.

SAPONIFIABLE
Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.

SAPONIFICATION
Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.]

Defn: The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.

SAPONIFIER
Sa*pon"i*fi`er, n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.

SAPONIFY
Sa*pon"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saponifying.] Etym: [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.]

Defn: To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.

SAPONIN
Sap"o*nin, n. Etym: [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anæstesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quilaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

SAPONITE
Sap"o*nite, n. Etym: [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.

SAPONUL
Sap"o*nul, n. Etym: [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old
Chem.)

Defn: A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule.] [Obs.]

SAPOR
Sa"por, n. Etym: [L. See Savor.]

Defn: Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste.
There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.

SAPORIFIC
Sap`o*rif"ic, a. Etym: [L. sapor taste + facere to make.]

Defn: Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.

SAPOROSITY
Sap`o*ros"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.

SAPOROUS Sap"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. saporius that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.]

Defn: Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.

SAPOTA
Sa*po"ta, n. Etym: [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The sapodilla.

SAPOTACEOUS
Sap`o*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.

SAPPAN WOOD
Sap*pan" wood".

Defn: Sapan wood.

SAPPARE
Sap"pare, n. Etym: [F. sappare; — so called by Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]

SAPPER
Sap"per, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sapeur.]

Defn: One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.

SAPPHIC
Sap"phic, a. Etym: [L. Sapphicus, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; — said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.

SAPPHIC
Sap"phic, n. (Pros.)

Defn: A Sapphic verse.

SAPPHIRE
Sap"phire ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus,
Gr. sappir.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem. of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer.

Note: Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.

2. The color of the gem; bright blue.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue. Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.

SAPPHIRE
Sap"phire, a.

Defn: Of or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. "The sapphire blaze." Gray.

SAPPHIRINE
Sap"phir*ine, n.

Defn: Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness." Boyle.

SAPPHO
Sap"pho, n. Etym: [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; — called also firetail.

SAPPINESS
Sap"pi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being sappy; juiciness.

SAPPODILLA
Sap`po*dil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

SAPPY
Sap"py, a. [Compar. Sappier; superl. Sappiest.] Etym: [From 1st Sap.]

1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent.

2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble. When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect. [Low]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.

SAPPY
Sap"py, a. [Written also sapy.] Etym: [Cf. L. sapere to taste.]

Defn: Musty; tainted. [Obs.]

SAPROPHAGAN
Sa*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [Gr. saprophage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.

SAPROPHAGOUS
Sa*proph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on carrion.

SAPROPHYTE
Sap"ro*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.

SAPROPHYTIC
Sap`ro*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Feeding or growing upon decaying anomal or vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.

SAPROPHYTISM
Sap"ro*phyt*ism, n.

Defn: State or fact of being saprophytic.

SAPSAGO Sap"sa*go, n. Etym: [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger a sort of hey.]

Defn: A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.

SAPSKULL
Sap"skull`, n.

Defn: A saphead. [Low]

SAPUCAIA
Sap`u*ca"ia (; Pg. , n. Etym: [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also sapucaya.] Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; — called also paradise nut.

SAPWOOD
Sap"wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The alburnum, or part of the wood on any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; — distinguished from Heartwood.

SARABAITE
Sar"a*bai*te, n. Etym: [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.

SARABAND Sar"a*band, n. Etym: [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a song.]

Defn: A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple
time; also, the air itself.
She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab.
Sir W. Scott.

SARACEN
Sar"a*cen, n. Etym: [l. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl.
sharqiin, Oriental Eastern, fr. sharaga to rise, said of the sun: cf.
F. sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.]

Defn: Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders. Saracen's consound (Bot.), a kind of ragewort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.

SARACENIC; SARACENICAL
Sar`a*cen"ic, Sar`a*cen"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture.
"Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.

SARASIN
Sar"a*sin, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Sarrasin.

SARASWATI
Sa`ras*wa"ti, n. Etym: [Skr. Sarasvati.] (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.

SARCASM
Sar"casm, n. Etym: [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmu, Gr.

Defn: A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest. The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds.

Syn.
— Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.

SARCASMOUS
Sar*cas"mous, a.

Defn: Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.

SARCASTIC; SARCASTICAL
Sar*cas"tic, Sar*cas"tic*al, a.

Defn: Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting. What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world! South.

SARCASTICALLY
Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sarcastic manner.

SARCEL Sar"cel, n. Etym: [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of circulus. See Circle.]

Defn: One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.

SARCELED
Sar"celed, a. (her.)

Defn: Cut through the middle.

SARCELLE
Sar`celle", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.

SARCENET
Sarce"net, n. Etym: [OF. sacenet; cf. LL. saracenium cloth made by
Saracens. See Saracen.]

Defn: A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc.
[Written also sarsenet.]
Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. Shak.

SARCIN
Sar"cin, n.

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARCINA
Sar*ci"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group. Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; — applied particularly to bacteria. See micrococcus.

SARCLE Sar"cle, v. t. Etym: [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.]

Defn: To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SARCO; SARCO-
Sar"co.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh- eating; sarcology.

SARCOBASIS
Sar*cob"a*sis, n.; pl. Sarcobases. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.

SARCOBLAST
Sar"co*blast, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain rhizopods.

SARCOCARP
Sar"co*carp, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.)

Defn: the fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.

Note: The term has also been used to denote, any fruit which is fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.

SARCOCELE
Sar"co*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. sacrocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: Any solid tumor of the testicle.

SARCOCOL; SARCOCOLLA Sar"co*col, Sar`co*col"la, n. Etym: [L. sarcoccolla, from Gr. sacrocolle.]

Defn: A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), — formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.

SARCODE
Sar"code, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcoid.] (Biol.)

Defn: A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.

SARCODERM; SARCODERMA Sar"co*derm, sar`co*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. sacroderma. See Sarco-, and Derm.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.

SARCODIC
Sar*cod"ic ( or ), a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcode.

SARCOID
Sar"coid, a. Etym: [Gr. Sarcode.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.

SARCOLACTIC
Sar`co*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

SARCOLEMMA
Sar`co*lem"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The very thin transparent and apparently homogenous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.

SARCOLINE
Sar"co*line, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Flesh-colored.

SARCOLOGIC; SARCOLOGICAL
Sar`co*log"ic, Sar`co*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcology.

SARCOLOGY
Sar*col"o*gy, n. Etym: [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.]

Defn: That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.

SARCOMA Sar*co"ma, n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A tumor of fleshy consistence; — formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells resembling those of fetal development without any proper intercellular substance.

SARCOMATOUS
Sar*com"a*tous ( or ), a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.

SARCOPHAGA
Sar*coph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the opossums.

SARCOPHAGA
Sar*coph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL., frm. sing. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.

SARCOPHAGAN
Sar*coph"a*gan, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous marsupial.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.

SARCOPHAGOUS
Sar*coph"a*gous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.

SARCOPHAGUS Sar*coph"a*gus, n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi, E. Sarcophaguses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sarcasm.]

1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland.

2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.

3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.

SARCOPHAGY
Sar*coph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. Sarcophagus.]

Defn: The practice of eating flesh.

SARCOPHILE
Sar"co*phile, n. Etym: [Sacro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous marsupials.

SARCOPTES
Sar*cop"tes, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.

SARCOPTID
Sar*cop"tid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. — a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the itch mites.

SARCORHAMPHI
Sar`co*rham"phi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of raptorial birds composing the vultures.

SARCOSEPTUM
Sar`co*sep"tum, n.; pl. Sarcosepta. Etym: [Sarco- + septum.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.

SARCOSIN
Sar"co*sin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.

SARCOSIS Sar*co"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b) Sarcoma.

SARCOTIC
Sar*cot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. sarcotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] — n.

Defn: A sarcotic medicine. [R.]

SARCOUS
Sar"cous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Fleshy; — applied to the minute stryctural elements, called sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is composed.

SARCULATION
Sar`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. sarculatio. See Sarcle.]

Defn: A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.

SARD
Sard, n. Etym: [L. sarda, Gr. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.

SARDACHATE Sar"da*chate, n. Etym: [L. sardachates: cf. F. Sardachate. See Sard, and Agate.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of agate containing sard.

SARDAN; SARDEL
Sar"dan, Sar"del, n. Etym: [It. sardella. See Sardine a fish.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.]

SARDEL
Sar"del, n.

Defn: A precious stone. See Sardius.

SARDINE
Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina, sarda,
It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. sardinia, Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pichardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.

SARDINE
Sar"dine ( or ; 277), n.

Defn: See Sardius.

SARDINIAN
Sar*din"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Sardinianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.

SARDIUS
Sar"di*us, n. Etym: [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. Sard.]

Defn: A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set in
Aaron's breastplate. Ex. xxviii. 17.

SARDOIN
Sar"doin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.)

Defn: Sard; carnelian.

SARDONIAN
Sar*do"ni*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sardonien.]

Defn: Sardonic. [Obs.] "With Sardonian smile." Spenser.

SARDONIC
Sar*don"ic, a. Etym: [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. Sardinia, Gr.

Defn: Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; — applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety. Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is forced to laugh against her will. Sir H. Wotton. The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian. Burke. Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.

SARDONIC
Sar*don"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at
Colchis.

SARDONYX
Sar"do*nyx, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Sard, and Onyx.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in alternate layers.

SAREE
Sa"ree, n. Etym: [Hind.

Defn: The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. It consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in front, and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.

SARGASSO
Sar*gas"so, n. Etym: [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.)

Defn: The gulf weed. See under Gulf. Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.

SARGASSUM
Sar*gas"sum, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: A genus of algæ including the gulf weed.

SARGO
Sar"go, n. Etym: [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to Sargus, Pomodasys, and related genera; — called also sar, and saragu.

SARI
Sa"ri, n.

Defn: Same as Saree.

SARIGUE
Sa*rigue", n. Etym: [F., from Braz. çarigueia, çarigueira.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American opossum (Didelphys opossum), having four white spots on the face.

SARK Sark, n. Etym: [AS. serce, syrce, ashirt; akin to Icel. serkr, Sw. särk.]

Defn: A shirt. [Scot.]

SARK
Sark, v. t. (Carp.)

Defn: To cover with sarking, or thin boards.

SARKIN
Sar"kin, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hypoxanthin.

SARKING
Sark"ing, n. Etym: [From Sark shirt.] (Carp.)

Defn: Thin boards for shealting, as above the rafters, and under the shingles or slates, and for similar purposes.

SARLAC; SARLYK
Sar"lac, Sar"lyk, n. Etym: [Mongolian sarlyk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yak.

SARMATIAN; SARMATIC
Sar*ma"tian, Sar*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. Sarmaticus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Sarmatia, or its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians und the Poles.

SARMENT Sar"ment, n. Etym: [L. sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut off, to trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawbwrry. See
Runner.

SARMENTACEOUS
Sar`men*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing sarments, or runners, as the strawberry.

SARMENTOSE Sar`men*tose" ( or ), a. Etym: [L. sarmentosus: cf. F. sarmenteux. See Sarment.] (Bot.) (a) Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves at the joints where it strikes root; as, a sarmentose stem. (b) Bearing sarments; sarmentaceous.

SARMENTOUS
Sar*men"tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Sarmentose.

SARN
Sarn, n. Etym: [W. sarn a causeway, paving.]

Defn: A pavement or stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

SARONG
Sa"rong, n. Etym: [Malay sarung.]

Defn: A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes in Java and the Malay
Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)

SAROS
Sa"ros, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron)

Defn: A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the length of which has been variously estimated from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a little short of 10 years. Brande & C.

SARPLAR
Sar"plar, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sarplare. See Sarplier.]

Defn: A large bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or 2,240 pounds, in weight. [Eng.]

SARPLIER Sar"plier, n. Etym: [F. serpillière; cf. Pr. sargelheira, LL. serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan sarpallera, Sp. arpillera.]

Defn: A coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc.
[Written also sarpelere.] Tyrwhitt.

SARPO
Sar"po, n. Etym: [Corruption of Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large toadfish the Southern United States and the Gulf of
Mexico (Batrachus tau, var. pardus).

SARRACENIA
Sar`ra*ce"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So named after a Dr. Sarrazin of
Quebec.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American perrenial herbs growing in bogs; the
American pitcher plant.

Note: They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves, and solitary flowers with an umbrella-shaped style. Sarracenia purpurea, the sidesaddle flower, is common at the North; S. flava, rubra, Drummondii, variolaris, and psittacina are Southern species. All are insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious leaves. See Illust. of Sidesaddle flower, under Sidesaddle.

SARRASIN; SARRASINE
Sar"ra*sin, Sar"ra*sine, n. Etym: [F. sarrasine, LL. saracina. See
Saracen.] (Fort.)

Defn: A portcullis, or herse. [Written also sarasin.]

SARSA
Sar"sa, n.

Defn: Sarsaparilla. [Written also sarza.]

SARSAPARILLA Sar`sa*pa*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zarzaparrilla; zarza a bramble (perhaps fr. Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or Parillo, a physician said to have discovered it.] (Bot.) (a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax. (b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.

Note: The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots, especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the United States.

SARSAPARILLIN
Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin, n.

Defn: See Parillin.

SARSE Sarse, n. Etym: [F. sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr. L. seta a stiff hair.]

Defn: A fine sieve; a searce. [Obs.]

SARSE
Sarse, v. t.

Defn: To sift through a sarse. [Obs.]

SARSEN Sar"sen, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; perhaps for saracen stone, i.e., a heathen or pagan stone or monument.]

Defn: One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; — called also sarsen stone, and Druid stone. [Eng.]

SARSENET
Sarse"net, n.

Defn: See Sarcenet.

SART
Sart, n.

Defn: An assart, or clearing. [Obs.] Bailey.

SARTORIAL
Sar*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [See Sartorius.]

1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work. Our legs skulked under the table as free from sartorial impertinences as those of the noblest savages. Lowell.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to thesartorius muscle.

SARTORIUS Sar*to"ri*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. sartor a patcher, tailor, fr. sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the thigh, called the tailor's muscle, which arises from the hip bone and is inserted just below the knee. So named because its contraction was supposed to produce the position of the legs assumed by the tailor in sitting.

SARUM USE
Sa"rum use`. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St. Osmund, bishop of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs.

SASH
Sash, n. Etym: [Pers. shast a sort of girdle.]

Defn: A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a girdle, — worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of societies, etc.

SASH
Sash, v. t.

Defn: To adorn with a sash or scarf. Burke.

SASH Sash, n. Etym: [F. sh a frame, sash, fr. sh a shrine, reliquary, frame, L. capsa. See Case a box.]

1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between the panes.

2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a reciprocating motion; - - also called gate. French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; — in distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.

SASH
Sash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sashing.]

Defn: To furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a window.

SASHERY
Sash"er*y, n. Etym: [From 1st Sash.]

Defn: A collection of sashes; ornamentation by means of sashes. [R.]
Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia. Carlyle.

SASHOON
Sash"oon, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain.]

Defn: A kind of pad worn on the leg under the boot. [Obs.] Nares.

SASIN
Sa"sin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian antelope (Antilope bezoartica, or cervicapra), noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has long, spiral, divergent horns.

SASSABY; SASSABYE
Sas"sa*by, Sas"sa*bye, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African antelope (Alcelaphus tunata), similar to the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.

SASSAFRAS
Sas"sa*fras, n. Etym: [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso, sassafras,
Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L.
saxifraga saxofrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras officinale);
also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste.
Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras) with
aromatic bark and leaves.
— Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia sempervirens).
— New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ).
— Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean.
— Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See Magnolia.

SASSANAGE
Sas"sa*nage, n. Etym: [See Sarse a sieve.]

Defn: Stones left after sifting. Smart.

SASSARARA Sas`sa*ra"ra, n. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of certiorari, the name of a writ.]

Defn: A word used to emphasize a statement. [Obs.]
Out she shall pack, with a sassarara. Goldsmith.

SASSE
Sasse, n. Etym: [D. sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a waterfall.]

Defn: A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable.
[Obs.] Pepys.

SASSENACH
Sas"sen*ach, n. Etym: [Gael. sasunnach.]

Defn: A Saxon; an Englishman; a Lowlander. [Celtic] Sir W. Scott.

SASSOLIN; SASSOLINE
Sas"so*lin, Sas"so*line, n. Etym: [From Sasso, a town in Italy: cf.
F. sassolin.] (Min.)

Defn: Native boric acid, found in saline incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of Florence.

SASSOROL; SASSOROLLA
Sas"so*rol, Sas`so*rol"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rock pigeon. See under Pigeon.

SASSY BARK
Sas"sy bark`. (Bot.)

Defn: The bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophlæum Guineense, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and also medicinally; — called also mancona bark.

SASTRA
Sas"tra, n.

Defn: Same as Shaster.

SASTRUGI
Sas*tru"gi.

Defn: Incorrect, but common, var. of Zastrugi.

SAT
Sat,

Defn: imp. of Sit. [Written also sate.]

SATAN Sa"tan, n. Etym: [Heb. satan an adversary, fr. satan to be adverse, to persecute: cf. GR. Satan, Satanas.]

Defn: The grand adversary of man; The Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend. I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. Luke x. 18.

SATANIC; SATANICAL
Sa*tan"ic, Sa*tan"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satanique, GR.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal. "Satanic strength." "Satanic host." Milton. Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the character it has ruined. Dr. T. Dwight. — Sa*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. — Sa*tan"ic*al*ness, n.

SATANISM
Sa"tan*ism, n.

Defn: The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical sprit. [R.]

SATANIST
Sa"tan*ist, n.

Defn: A very wicked-person. [R.] Granger.

SATANOPHANY
Sa`tan*oph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Satan + Gr.

Defn: An incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon. [R.] O.
A. Brownson.

SATCHEL
Satch"el n. Etym: [OF. sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of saccus. See
Sack a bag.]

Defn: A little sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small articles of wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also sachel.] The whining schoolboy with his satchel. Shak.

SATE
Sate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sating.] Etym:
[Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]

Defn: To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to
surfeit.
Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and pleasure of great
cities. Macaulay.

SATE
Sate,

Defn: imp. of Sit.
But sate an equal guest at every board. Lowell.

SATEEN
Sat*een", n. Etym: [Cf. Satin.]

Defn: A kind of dress goods made of cotton or woolen, with a glossy surface resembling satin.

SATELESS
Sate"less, a.

Defn: Insatiable. [R.] Young.

SATELLITE
Sat"el*lite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. Stelles, -itis, an attendant.]

1. An attendant attached to a prince or other powerful person; hence, an obsequious dependent. "The satellites of power." I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A secondary planet which revolves about another planet; as, the moon is a satellite of the earth. See Solar system, under Solar. Satellite moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth (Scopelosoma satellitia).

SATELLITE
Sat"el*lite, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite veins, those which accompany the arteries.

SATELLITIOUS
Sat`el*li"tious, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites. [R.] Cheyne.

SATHANAS
Sath"an*as, n. [L. Satanas. See Satan]

Defn: Satan. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

SATIATE Sa"ti*ate, a. Etym: [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.]

Defn: Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; — followed by with or of.
"Satiate of applause." Pope.

SATIATE
Sa"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Satiating.]

1. To satisfy the appetite or desire of; tho feed to the full; to furnish enjoyment to, to the extent of desire; to sate; as, to satiate appetite or sense. These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate it. Bacon. I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be satiated with my blood. Eikon Basilike.

2. To full beyond matural desire; to gratify to repletion or loathing; to surfeit; to glut.

3. To saturate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

Syn. — To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill; surfeit; glut. — Satiate, Satisfy, Content. These words differ principally in degree. To Content is to make contented, even though every desire or appetite is not fully gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the longings of desire. To satiate is to fill so completely that it is not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to cause disgust in. Content with science in the vale of peace. Pope. His whole felicity is endless strife; No peace, no satisfaction, crowns his life. Beaumont. He may be satiated, but not satisfied. Norris.

SATIATION
Sa`ti*a"tion, n.

Defn: Satiety.

SATIETY Sa*ti"e*ty, n. Etym: [L. satietas, from satis, sat, enough: cf. F. satiété.]

Defn: The state of being satiated or glutted; fullness of gratification, either of the appetite or of any sensual desire; fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing; repletion; satiation. In all pleasures there is satiety. Hakewill. But thy words, with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness no satiety. Milton.

Syn.
— Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.

SATIN Sat"in, n. Etym: [F. satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It. setino, from seta silk, L. saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin. sz-tün, sz-twan. Cf. Sateen.]

Defn: A silk cloth, of a thick, close texture, and overshot woof, which has a glossy surface. Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue. Chaucer. Denmark satin, a kind of lasting; a stout worsted stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for women's shoes. — Farmer's satin. See under Farmer. — Satin bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bower bird. Called also satin grackle. — Satin flower (Bot.) See Honesty, 4. — Satin spar. (Min.) (a) A fine fibrous variety of calcite, having a pearly luster. (b) A similar variety of gypsum. — Satin sparrow (Zoöl.), the shining flycatcher (Myiagra nitida) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster. — Satin stone, satin spar.

SATINET
Sat`i*net", n. Etym: [F., fr. satin. See Satin.]

1. A thin kind of satin.

2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen filling, used chiefly for trousers.

SATINETTE
Sat`i*nette", n.

Defn: One of a breed of fancy frilled pigeons allied to the owls and turbits, having the body white, the shoulders tricolored, and the tail bluish black with a large white spot on each feather.

SATIN WEAVE
Sat"in weave.

Defn: A style of weaving producing smooth-faced fabric in which the warp interlaces with the filling at points distributed over the surface.

SATINWOOD sat"in*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of an East Indian tree (Chloroxylon Swietnia). It takes a lustrous finish, and is used in cabinetwork. The name is also given to the wood of a species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum Caribæum) growing in Florida and the West Indies.

SATINY
Sat"in*y, a.

Defn: Like or composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny appearance; a satiny texture.

SATION
Sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. satio, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: A sowing or planting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SATIRE Sat"ire (; in Eng. often , n. Etym: [L. satira, satura, fr. satura (sc. lanx) a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food, sated, fr. sat, satis, enough: cf. F. satire. See Sate, Sad, a., and cf. Saturate.]

1. A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or private morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; as, the Satires of Juvenal.

2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure to reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.

Syn. — Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade; burlesque; wit; humor.

SATIRIC; SATIRICAL
Sa*tir"ic, Sa*tir"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satiricus: cf. F. satirique.]

1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of satire; as, a satiric style.

2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic; insulting. "Satirical rogue." Shak.

Syn.
— Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical; bitter;
reproachful; abusive.
— Sa*tir"ic*al*ly, adv.
— Sa*tir"ic*al*ness, n.

SATIRIST
Sat"ir*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. satiriste.]

Defn: One who satirizes; especially, one who writes satire.
The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread through the Whig ranks.
Macaulay.

SATIRIZE
Sat"ir*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satirized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Satirizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. satiriser.]

Defn: To make the object of satire; to attack with satire; to censure with keenness or severe sarcasm. It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to praise well a man of distinguished virtues. Swift.

SATISFACTION Sat`is*fac"tion, n. Etym: [OE. satisfaccioum, F. satisfaction, fr. L. satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy. See Satisfy.]

1. The act of satisfying, or the state of being satisfied; gratification of desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment; repose of mind resulting from compliance with its desires or demands. The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction of any of its desires. Locke.

2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment; indemnification; adequate compensation. We shall make full satisfaction. Shak.

3. That which satisfies or gratifiles; atonement. Die he, or justice must; unless or him Some other, able, and as willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death. Milton.

Syn. — Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure; recompence; compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification; atonement.

SATISFACTIVE
Sat`is*fac"tive, a.

Defn: Satisfactory. [Obs.]
Satisfactive discernment of fish. Sir T. Browne.

SATISFACTORY
Sat`is*fac"to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. satisfactoire.]

1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest with confidence; sufficient; as, a satisfactory account or explanation.

2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense; causing to cease from claims and to rest content; compensating; atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology. A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation, by the satisfactory and meritorius death and obedience of the incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ. Bp. Sanderson. — Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ty, adv. — Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness, n.

SATISFIABLE
Sat"is*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be satisfied.

SATISFIER
Sat"is*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who satisfies.

SATISFY
Sat"is*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satisfied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Satisfying.] Etym: [OF. satisfier; L. satis enough + -ficare (in
comp.) to make; cf. F. satisfaire, L. satisfacere. See Sad, a., and
Fact.]

1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of (a person or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give contentment with what is wished for. Death shall . . . with us two Be forced to satisfy his ravenous maw. Milton.

2. To pay to the extent of chaims or deserts; to give what is due to; as, to satisfy a creditor.

3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal demand, or the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to requitte; as, to satisfy a claim or an execution.

4. To free from doubrt, suspense, or uncertainty; to give assurance to; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry. The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves most firm, solid, and satisfying. Atterbury.

Syn.
— To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See Satiate.

SATISFY
Sat"is*fy, v. i.

1. To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave nothing to be desire.

2. To make payment or atonement; to atone. Milton.

SATISFYINGLY
Sat"is*fy`ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to satisfy; satisfactorily.

SATIVE
Sa"tive, a. Etym: [L. sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.]

Defn: Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.] Evelyn.

SATLE
Sa"tle, v. t. & i.

Defn: To settle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SATRAP Sa"trap ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [L. satrapes, Gr. khsatrapavan ruler: cf. F. satrape.]

Defn: The governor of a province in ancient Persia; hence, a petty autocrat despot.

SATRAPAL
Sa"trap*al ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.

SATRAPESS
Sa"trap*ess ( or ), n.

Defn: A female satrap.

SATRAPICAL
Sa*trap"ic`al, a.

Defn: Satrapal. [R.]

SATRAPY Sa"trap*y, n.; pl. Satrapies. Etym: [L. satrapia, satrapea, Gr. satrapie.]

Defn: The government or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality.
Milton.

SATSUMA WARE
Sat"su*ma ware" ( or ). (Fine Arts)

Defn: A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at Satsuma in
Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.

SATURABLE
Sat"u*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. saturabilis: cf. F. saturable.]

Defn: Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation.
— Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty, n.

SATURANT
Sat"u*rant, a. Etym: [L. saturans, p. pr. See Saturate.]

Defn: Impregnating to the full; saturating.

SATURANT
Sat"u*rant, n.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of another substance.

2. (Med.)

Defn: An antacid, as magnesia, used to correct acidity of the stomach.

SATURATE
Sat"u*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saturated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Saturating.] Etym: [L. saturatus, p.p. of saturate to saturate, fr.
satur full of food, sated. See Satire.]

1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or soaked; to fill fully; to sate. Innumerable flocks and herbs covered that vast expanse of emerald meadow saturated with the moisture of the Atlantic. Macaulay. Fill and saturate each kind With good according to its mind. Emerson.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold; as, to saturate phosphorus with chlorine.

SATURATE
Sat"u*rate, p. a. Etym: [L. saturatus, p. p.]

Defn: Filled to repletion; saturated; soaked.
Dries his feathers saturate with dew. Cowper.
The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of martyrs.
Longfellow.

SATURATED
Sat"u*ra`ted, a.

1. Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution, all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a saturated solution of salt.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all it can hold; - - said of certain atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a saturated compound. Contrasted with unsaturated.

Note: A saturated compound may exchange certain ingredients for others, but can not take on more without such exchange. Saturated color (Optics), a color not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color, like those of the spectrum.

SATURATION
Sat`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. saturatio: cf. F. saturation.]

1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating; complete penetration or impregnation.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest extent.

3. (Optics)

Defn: Freedom from mixture or dilution with white; purity; — said of colors.

Note: The degree of saturation of a color is its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.

SATURATOR sat"u*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who, or that which, saturates.

SATURDAY
Sat"ur*day (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. Saterday, AS. Sæterdæg, Sæterndæg,
Sæternesdæg, literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS.
dæg day; cf. L. dies Saturni.]

Defn: The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday and preceding Sunday.

SATURITY
Sa*tu"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. saturitas, fr. satur full of food, sated.]

Defn: The state of being saturated; fullness of supply. [Obs.]
Warner.

SATURN Sa"turn, n. Etym: [L. Saturnus, literally, the saower, fr. serere, satum, to sow. See Season.]

1. (Roman Myth.)

Defn: One of the elder and principal deities, the son of Coelus and Terra (Heaven and Earth), anf the father of Jupiter. The corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.

3. (Alchem.)

Defn: The metal lead. [Archaic]

SATURNALIA
Sat`ur*na"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. See Saturn.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: the festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending even to the slaves.

2. Hence: A period or occasion of general licemse, in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.

SATURNALIAN
Sat`ur*na"li*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.

2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry; dissolute. "Saturnalian amusement." Burke.

SATURNIAN
Sa*tur"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Saturnius.]

1. (Roman Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age.

2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished for peacefulness, happiness, contentment. Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times. Pope.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the planet Saturn; as, the Saturnian year. Saturnian verse (Pros.), a meter employed by early Roman satirists, consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line: —Thê queen | wâs isn | thê kistch | ên eatîng | bread ând | honêy.

SATURNIAN
Sa*tur"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths belonging to Saturnia and allied genera. The Luna moth, polyphemus, and promethea, are examples. They belong to the Silkworn family, and some are raised for their silk. See Polyphemus.

SATURNICENTRIC
Sat`urn*i*cen"tric, a. (Astron.)

Defn: Appearing as if seen from the center of the planet Saturn; relating or referred to Saturn as a center.

SATURNINE
Sat"ur*nine, a. Etym: [L. Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet
Saturn: cf. F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old
chemistry, meaning lead),saturnien saturnine, saturnian. See Saturn.]

1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.

2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; — the opposite of mercurial; as, a saturnine person or temper. Addison.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called Saturn. [Archaic] Saturnine colic (Med.), lead colic.

SATURNISM
Sat"ur*nism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Plumbum. Quain.

SATURNIST
Sat"ur*nist, n.

Defn: A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament. W. browne.

SATYR
Sa"tyr, n. Etym: [L. satyrus, Gr. satyre.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness. Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, From the glad sound would not be absent long. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of many species of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidæ. Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on the wings. Called also meadow browns.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The orangoutang.

SATYRIASIS
Sat`y*ri"a*sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Satyr.]

Defn: Immoderate venereal appetite in the male. Quain.

SATYRIC; SATYRICAL
Sa*tyr"ic, Sa*tyr"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. satyricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy. P.
Cyc.

SATYRION
Sa*tyr"i*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several kinds of orchids. [Obs.]

SAUBA ANT
Sau"ba ant`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American ant (Ecodoma cephalotes) remarkable for having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off leaves of plants and carries them into its subterranean nests, and thus often does great damage by defoliating trees and cultivated plants.

SAUCE Sauce, n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt pickle, fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p.p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Saucer, Souse pickle, Souse to plunge.]

1. A composition of condiments and appetizing ingredients eaten with food as a relish; especially, a dressing for meat or fish or for puddings; as, mint sauce; sweet sauce, etc. "Poignant sauce." Chaucer. High sauces and rich spices fetched from the Indies. Sir S. Baker.

2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. Bartlett. Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish up various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats, both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt. Beverly.

3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food as a relish; as, apple sauce, cranberry sauce, etc. [U.S.] "Stewed apple sauce." Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).

4. Sauciness; impertinence. [Low.] Haliwell. To serve one the same sauce, to retaliate in the same kind. [Vulgar]

SAUCE Sauce, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. saucer.] [imp. & p. p. Sauced (; p. pr. & vb. n. Saucing (.]

1. To accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.

2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce; to tickle or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate; hence, to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an application to. [R.] Earth, yield me roots; Who seeks for better of thee, sauce his palate With thy most operant poison! Shak.

3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or interest to; to set off; to vary and render attractive. Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings. Sir P. Sidney.

4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to be impudent or sancy to. [Colloq. or Low] I'll sauce her with bitter words. Shak.

SAUCE
Sauce, n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Art)

Defn: A soft crayon for use in stump drawing or in shading with the stump.

SAUCE-ALONE
Sauce"-a*lone`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: Jack-by-the-hedge. See under Jack.

SAUCEBOX
Sauce"box`, n. Etym: [See Sauce, and Saucy.]

Defn: A saucy, impudent person; especially, a pert child.
Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan, And prate not here! A.
Brewer.

SAUCEPAN
Sauce"pan`, n.

Defn: A small pan with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a fire; a stewpan.

SAUCER
Sau"cer, n. Etym: [F. saucière, from sauce. see Sauce.]

1. A small pan or vessel in which sauce was set on a table. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in which a cup is set at table.

3. Something resembling a saucer in shape. Specifically: (a) A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships. (b) A shallow socket for the pivot of a capstan. Flying saucer, a type of Unidentified Flying Object, having a biconvex discoid shape; such objects are occasionally reported to have been sighted, but no example of one has been reliably shown to exist. They are believed by ufologists to originate in outer space, but they are generally presumed to be misinterpretations of ordinary phenomena, illusions or imaginary objects. Fraudulent photographs purporting to show flying saucers are published from time to time.

SAUCILY
Sau"ci*ly, adv.

Defn: In a saucy manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness.
Addison.

SAUCINESS
Sau"ci*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence. Your sauciness will jest upon my love. Shak.

Syn.
— Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. see Impudence.

SAUCISSON; SAUCISSE
Sau`cis`son", Sau`cisse", n. Etym: [F., fr. saucisse sausage. See
Sausage.]

1. (Mining or Gun.)

Defn: A long and slender pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled with powder, and used to communicate fire to mines, caissons, bomb chests, etc.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A fascine of more than ordinary length.

SAUCY
Sau"cy, a. [Compar. Saucier; superl. Sauciest.] Etym: [From Sauce.]

1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as, a saucy fellow. Am I not protector, saucy priest Shak.

2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence; impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy looks. We then have done you bold and sausy wrongs. Shak.

Syn.
— Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.

SAUERKRAUT
Sauer"kraut`, n. Etym: [G., fr. sauer sour + kraut herb, cabbage.]

Defn: Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt, — a German dish.

SAUF
Sauf, a.

Defn: Safe. [Obs.] haucer.

SAUF
Sauf, conj. & prep.

Defn: Save; except. [Obs.] "Sauf I myself." Chaucer.

SAUFLY
Sauf"ly, adv.

Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAUGER
Sau"ger, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion Canadense); — called also gray pike, blue pike, hornfish, land pike, sand pike, pickering, and pickerel.

SAUGH; SAUH
Saugh, Sauh, obs.

Defn: imp. sing. of See. Chaucer.

SAUKS
Sauks, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Same as Sacs.

SAUL
Saul, n.

Defn: Soul. [Obs.]

SAUL
Saul, n.

Defn: Same as Sal, the tree.

SAULIE
Sau"lie, n.

Defn: A hired mourner at a funeral. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SAULT
Sault, n. Etym: [OF., F. saut, fr. L. saltus See Salt a leap.]

Defn: A rapid in some rivers; as, the Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.]
Bartlett.

SAUNDERS
Saun"ders, n.

Defn: See Sandress.

SAUNDERS-BLUE Saun"ders-blue`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. cendres bleues blue ashes.]

Defn: A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis lazuli; ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of copper. [Written also sanders-blue.]

SAUNTER
Saun"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sauntered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sauntering.]
Etym: [Written also santer.] Etym: [Probably fr. F. s'aventurer to
adventure (one's self), through a shortened form s'auntrer. See
Adventure, n. & v.]

Defn: To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to loiter. One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in meadows by the side of a stream. Masson.

Syn.
— To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.

SAUNTER
Saun"ter, n.

Defn: A sauntering, or a sauntering place.
That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town. Young.

SAUNTERER
Saun"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who saunters.

SAUR Saur, n. Etym: [Contracted from Gael. salachar filth, nastiness, fr. salach nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.]

Defn: Soil; dirt; dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov. Eng.]

SAUREL
Sau"rel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carangoid fish of the genus Trachurus, especially T. trachurus, or T. saurus, of Europe and America, and T. picturatus of California. Called also skipjack, and horse mackarel.

SAURIA
Sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Reptilia formerly established to include the Lacertilia, Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some writers the name is restricted to the Lacertilia.

SAURIAN
Sau"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Sauria.
— n.

Defn: One of the Sauria.

SAURIOID
Sau"ri*oid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sauroid.

SAUROBATRACHIA
Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Sauria, and Batrachia.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The Urodela.

SAUROGNATHOUS
Sau*rog"na*thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers. (Pici).

SAUROID Sau"roid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) Like or pertaining to the saurians. (b) Resembling a saurian superficially; as, a sauroid fish.

SAUROIDICHNITE
Sau`roid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [See Sauroid, and Ichnite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The fossil track of a saurian.

SAUROPODA
Sau*rop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs having the feet of a saurian type, instead of birdlike, as they are in many dinosaurs. It includes the Largest Known land animals, belonging to Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and alied genera. See Illustration in Appendix.

SAUROPSIDA
Sau*rop"si*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising the reptiles and birds.

SAUROPTERYGIA
Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: Same as Plesiosauria.

SAURURAE
Sau*ru"ræ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct order of birds having a long vertebrated tail with quills along each side of it. Archæopteryx is the type. See Archæopteryx, and Odontornithes.

SAURY
Sau"ry, n.; pl. Sauries. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A slender marine fish (Scombresox saurus) of Europe and
America. It has long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also billfish,
gowdnook, gawnook, skipper, skipjack, skopster, lizard fish, and
Egypt herring.

SAUSAGE Sau"sage (; 48), n. Etym: [F. saucisse, LL. salcitia, salcicia, fr. salsa. See Sauce.]

1. An article of food consisting of meat (esp. pork) minced and highly seasoned, and inclosed in a cylindrical case or skin usually made of the prepared intestine of some animal.

2. A saucisson. See Saucisson. Wilhelm.

SAUSEFLEM
Sau"se*flem, a. Etym: [OF. saus salt (L. salsus) + flemme phlegm.]

Defn: Having a red, pimpled face. [Obs.] [Written also sawceflem.]
Chaucer.

SAUSSURITE
Saus"sur*ite, n. Etym: [F. So called from M. Saussure.] (Min.)

Defn: A tough, compact mineral, of a white, greenish, or grayish color. It is near zoisite in composition, and in part, at least, has been produced by the alteration of feldspar.

SAUT; SAUTE
Saut, Saute, n.

Defn: An assault. [Obs.]

SAUTE
Sau`te",

Defn: p. p. of Sauter. C. Owen.

SAUTER
Sau`ter", v. t. Etym: [F., properly, to jump.]

Defn: To fry lightly and quickly, as meat, by turning ot tossing it over frequently in a hot pan greased with a little fat.

SAUTER
Sau"ter, n.

Defn: Psalter. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

SAUTERELLE
Sau`te*relle, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An instrument used by masons and others to trace and form angles.

SAUTERNE
Sau`terne", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A white wine made in the district of sauterne, France.

SAUTRIE
Sau"trie, n.

Defn: Psaltery. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAUVEGARDE
Sau`ve*garde", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The monitor.

SAVABLE
Sav"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Save. Cf. Salvable.]

Defn: capable of, or admitting of, being saved. In the person prayed for there ought to be the great disposition of being in a savable condition. Jer. Taylor.

SAVABLENESS
Sav"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being saved.

SAVACIOUN
Sa*va"ci*oun`, n.

Defn: Salvation. [Obs.]

SAVAGE
Sav"age (; 48), a. Etym: [F. sauvage, OF. salvage, fr. L. silvaticus
belonging to a wood, wild, fr. silva a wood. See Silvan, and cf.
Sylvatic.]

1. Of or pertaining to the forest; remote from human abodes and cultivation; in a state of nature; nature; wild; as, a savage wilderness.

2. Wild; untamed; uncultivated; as, savage beasts. Cornels, and savage berries of the wood. Dryden.

3. Uncivilized; untaught; unpolished; rude; as, savage life; savage manners. What nation, since the commencement of the Christian era, ever rose from savage to civilized without Christianity E. D. Griffin.

4. Characterized by cruelty; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; inhuman; brutal; as, a savage spirit.

Syn. — Ferocious; wild; uncultivated; untamed; untaught; uncivilized; unpolished; rude; brutish; brutal; heathenish; barbarous; cruel; inhuman; fierce; pitiless; merciless; unmerciful; atrocious. See Ferocious.

SAVAGE
Sav"age, n.

1. A human being in his native state of rudeness; one who is untaught; uncivilized, or without cultivation of mind or manners.

2. A man of extreme, unfeeling, brutal cruelty; a barbarian.

SAVAGE
Sav"age (; 48), v. t.

Defn: To make savage. [R.]
Its bloodhounds, savaged by a cross of wolf. South

SAVAGELY
Sav"age*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savage manner.

SAVAGENESS
Sav"age*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being savage.
Wolves and bears, they say, Casting their savageness aside have done
Like offices of pity. Shak.

SAVAGERY
Sav"age*ry, n. Etym: [F. sauvagerie.]

1. The state of being savage; savageness; savagism. A like work of primeval savagery. C. Kingsley.

2. An act of cruelty; barbarity. The wildest savagery, the vilest stroke, That ever wall-eyed wrath or staring rage Presented to the tears of soft remorse. Shak.

3. Wild growth, as of plants. Shak.

SAVAGISM
Sav"a*gism, n.

Defn: The state of being savage; the state of rude, uncivilized men, or of men in their native wildness and rudeness.

SAVANILLA
Sav`a*nil"la, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tarpum. [Local, U.S.]

SAVANNA Sa*van"na, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin; cf. Sp. sabana, F. savane.]

Defn: A tract of level land covered with the vegetable growth usually found in a damp soil and warm climate, — as grass or reeds, — but destitute of trees. [Spelt also savannah.] Savannahs are clear pieces land without woods. Dampier. Savanna flower (Bot.), a West Indian name for several climbing apocyneous plants of the genus Echites. — Savanna sparrow (Zoöl.), an American sparrow (Ammodramus sandwichensis or Passerculus savanna) of which several varieties are found on grassy plains from Alaska to the Eastern United States. — Savanna wattle (Bot.), a name of two West Indian trees of the genus Citharexylum.

SAVANT Sa`vant", n.; pl. Savants (F. . Etym: [F., fr. savoir to know, L. sapere. See Sage, a.]

Defn: A man of learning; one versed in literature or science; a person eminent for acquirements.

SAVE
Save, n. Etym: [See Sage the herb.]

Defn: The herb sage, or salvia. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAVE Save, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saved; p. pr. & vb. n. Saving.] Etym: [OE. saven, sauven, salven, OF. salver, sauver, F. sauver, L. salvare, fr. salvus saved, safe. See Safe, a.]

1. To make safe; to procure the safety of; to preserve from injury, destruction, or evil of any kind; to rescue from impending danger; as, to save a house from the flames. God save all this fair company. Chaucer. He cried, saying, Lord, save me. Matt. xiv. 30. Thou hast . . . quitted all to save A world from utter loss. Milton.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Specifically, to deliver from and its penalty; to rescue from a
state of condemnation and spiritual death, and bring into a state of
spiritual life.
Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. 1 Tim. i. 15.

3. To keep from being spent or lost; to secure from waste or expenditure; to lay up; to reserve. Now save a nation, and now save a groat. Pope.

4. To rescue from something undesirable or hurtful; to prevent from doing something; to spare. I'll save you That labor, sir. All's now done. Shak.

5. To hinder from doing, suffering, or happening; to obviate the necessity of; to prevent; to spare. Will you not speak to save a lady's blush Dryden.

6. To hold possession or use of; to escape loss of. Just saving the tide, and putting in a stock of merit. Swift. To save appearance, to preserve a decent outside; to avoid exposure of a discreditable state of things.

Syn.
— To preserve; rescue; deliver; protect; spare; reserve; prevent.

SAVE
Save, v. i.

Defn: To avoid unnecessary expense or expenditure; to prevent waste;
to be economical.
Brass ordnance saveth in the quantity of the material. Bacon.

SAVE Save, prep. or conj. Etym: [F. sauf, properly adj., safe. See Safe, a.]

Defn: Except; excepting; not including; leaving out; deducting;
reserving; saving.
Five times received I forty stripes save one. 2 Cor. xi. 24.

Syn.
— See Except.

SAVE
Save, conj.

Defn: Except; unless.

SAVEABLE
Save"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Savable.

SAVE-ALL
Save"-all`, n. Etym: [Save + all.]

Defn: Anything which saves fragments, or prevents waste or loss. Specifically: (a) A device in a candlestick to hold the ends of candles, so that they be burned. (b) (Naut.) A small sail sometimes set under the foot of another sail, to catch the wind that would pass under it. Totten. (c) A trough to prevent waste in a paper-making machine.

SAVELOY
Sav"e*loy, n. Etym: [F. cervelas, It. cervellata, fr. cervello brain,
L. cerebellum, dim. of cerebrum brain. See Cerebral.]

Defn: A kind of dried sausage. McElrath.

SAVELY
Save"ly, adv.

Defn: Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SAVEMENT
Save"ment, n.

Defn: The act of saving. [Obs.]

SAVER
Sav"er, n.

Defn: One who saves.

SAVIN; SAVINE Sav"in, Sav"ine, n. Etym: [OE. saveine, AS. safinæ, savine, L. sabina herba. Cf. Sabine.] [Written also sabine.] (Bot.) (a) A coniferous shrub (Juniperus Sabina) of Western Asia, occasionally found also in the northern parts of the United States and in British America. It is a compact bush, with dark-colored foliage, and produces small berries having a glaucous bloom. Its bitter, acrid tops are sometimes used in medicine for gout, amenorrhoea, etc. (b) The North American red cedar (Juniperus Virginiana.)

SAVING
Sav"ing, a.

Defn: 1. Preserving; rescuing.
He is the saving strength of his anointed. Ps. xxviii. 8.

2. Avoiding unnecessary expense or waste; frugal; not lavish or wasteful; economical; as, a saving cook.

3. Bringing back in returns or in receipts the sum expended; incurring no loss, though not gainful; as, a saving bargain; the ship has made a saving voyage.

4. Making reservation or exception; as, a saving clause.

Note: saving is often used with a noun to form a compound adjective; as, labor-saving, life-saving, etc.

SAVING
Sav"ing, prep. or conj.; but properly a participle.

Defn: With the exception of; except; excepting; also, without disrespect to. "Saving your reverence." Shak. "Saving your presence." Burns. None of us put off clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing. Neh. iv. 23. And in the stone a new name written, which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth it. Rev. ii. 17.

SAVING
Sav"ing, n.

1. Something kept from being expended or lost; that which is saved or laid up; as, the savings of years of economy.

2. Exception; reservation. Contend not with those that are too strong for us, but still with a saving to honesty. L'Estrange. Savings bank, a bank in which savings or earnings are deposited and put at interest.

SAVINGLY
Sav"ing*ly, adv.

1. In a saving manner; with frugality or parsimony.

2. So as to be finally saved from eternal death. Savingly born of water and the Spirit. Waterland.

SAVINGNESS
Sav"ing*ness, n.

1. The quality of being saving; carefulness not to expend money uselessly; frugality; parsimony. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Tendency to promote salvation. Johnson.

SAVIOR Sav"ior, n. Etym: [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See Save, v.] [Written also saviour.]

1. One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger.

2. Specifically: The (or our, your, etc.) Savior, he who brings salvation to men; Jesus Christ, the Redeemer.

SAVIORESS
Sav"ior*ess, n.

Defn: A female savior. [Written also saviouress.] [R.] Bp. Hall.

SAVOR Sa"vor, n. Etym: [OE. savour, savor, savur, OF. savor, savour, F. saveur, fr. L. sapor, fr. sapere to taste, savor. See Sage, a., and cf. Sapid, Insipid, Sapor.] [Written also savour.]

1. That property of a thing which affects the organs of taste or smell; taste and odor; flavor; relish; scent; as, the savor of an orange or a rose; an ill savor. I smell sweet savors and I feel soft things. Shak.

2. Hence, specific flavor or quality; characteristic property; distinctive temper, tinge, taint, and the like. Why is not my life a continual joy, and the savor of heaven perpetually upon my spirit Baxter.

3. Sense of smell; power to scent, or trace by scent. [R.] "Beyond my savor." Herbert.

4. Pleasure; delight; attractiveness. [Obs.] She shall no savor have therein but lite. Chaucer.

Syn.
— Taste; flavor; relish; odor; scent; smell.

SAVOR
Sa"vor, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Savored; p. pr. & vb. n. Savoring.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. savorer, F. savourer. See Savor, n.] [Written also savour.]

1. To have a particular smell or taste; — with of.

2. To partake of the quality or nature; to indicate the presence or influence; to smack; — with of. This savors not much of distraction. Shak. I have rejected everything that savors of party. Addison.

3. To use the sense of taste. [Obs.] By sight, hearing, smelling, tasting or savoring, and feeling. Chaucer.

SAVOR
Sa"vor, v. t.

1. To perceive by the smell or the taste; hence, to perceive; to note. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To have the flavor or quality of; to indicate the presence of. [R.] That cuts us off from hope, and savors only Rancor and pride, impatience and despite. Milton.

3. To taste or smell with pleasure; to delight in; to relish; to like; to favor. [R.] Shak.

SAVORILY
Sa"vor*i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savory manner.

SAVORINESS
Sa"vor*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being savory.

SAVORLESS
Sa"vor*less, a.

Defn: Having no savor; destitute of smell or of taste; insipid.

SAVORLY
Sa"vor*ly, a.

Defn: Savory. [Obs.]

SAVORLY
Sa"vor*ly, adv.

Defn: In a savory manner. [Obs.] Barrow.

SAVOROUS
Sa"vor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. savoureux, OF. saveros, L. saporosus.
Cf. Saporous, and see Savor, n.]

Defn: Having a savor; savory. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

SAVORY
Sa"vor*y, a. Etym: [From Savor.]

Defn: Pleasing to the organs of taste or smell. [Written also
savoury.]
The chewing flocks Had ta'en their supper on the savory herb. Milton.

SAVORY; SAVOURY Sa"vo*ry, n. Etym: [F. savorée; cf. It. santoreggia, satureja, L. satureia,] (Bot.)

Defn: An aromatic labiate plant (Satireia hortensis), much used in cooking; — also called summer savory. [Written also savoury.]

SAVOY
Sa*voy", n. Etym: [F. chou de Savoie cabbage of Savoy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of the common cabbage (Brassica oleracea major), having curled leaves, — much cultivated for winter use.

SAVOYARD
Sav`oy*ard", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Savoy.

SAVVY; SAVVEY Sav"vy, Sav"vey, v. t. & i. [Written also savey.] [Sp. saber to know, sabe usted do you know]

Defn: To understand; to comprehend; know. [Slang, U. S.]

SAVVY; SAVVEY
Sav"vy, Sav"vey, n.

Defn: Comprehension; knowledge of affairs; mental grasp. [Slang, U.
S.]

SAW
Saw,

Defn: imp. of See.

SAW Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sagu; akin to secgan to say. See Say, v. t. and cf. Saga.]

1. Something said; speech; discourse. [Obs.] "To hearken all his sawe." Chaucer.

2. A saying; a proverb; a maxim. His champions are the prophets and apostles, His weapons holy saws of sacred writ. Shak.

3. Dictate; command; decree. [Obs.] [Love] rules the creatures by his powerful saw. Spenser.

SAW Saw, n. Etym: [OE. sawe, AS. sage; akin to D. zaag, G. säge, OHG. sega, saga, Dan. sav, sw. såg, Icel. sög, L. secare to cut, securis ax, secula sickle. Cf. Scythe, Sickle, Section, Sedge.]

Defn: An instrument for cutting or dividing substances, as wood, iron, etc., consisting of a thin blade, or plate, of steel, with a series of sharp teeth on the edge, which remove successive portions of the material by cutting and tearing.

Note: Saw is frequently used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Band saw, Crosscut saw, etc. See under Band, Crosscut, etc. — Circular saw, a disk of steel with saw teeth upon its periphery, and revolved on an arbor. — Saw bench, a bench or table with a flat top for for sawing, especially with a circular saw which projects above the table. — Saw file, a three-cornered file, such as is used for sharpening saw teeth. — Saw frame, the frame or sash in a sawmill, in which the saw, or gang of saws, is held. — Saw gate, a saw frame. — Saw gin, the form of cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney, in which the cotton fibers are drawn, by the teeth, of a set of revolving circular saws, through a wire grating which is too fine for the seeds to pass. — Saw grass (Bot.), any one of certain cyperaceous plants having the edges of the leaves set with minute sharp teeth, especially the Cladium effusum of the Southern United States. Cf. Razor grass, under Razor. — Saw log, a log of suitable size for sawing into lumber. — Saw mandrel, a mandrel on which a circular saw is fastened for running. — Saw pit, a pit over which timbor is sawed by two men, one standing below the timber and the other above. Mortimer. — Saw sharpener (Zoöl.), the great titmouse; — so named from its harsh call note. [Prov. Eng.] — Saw whetter (Zoöl.), the marsh titmouse (Parus palustris); — so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.] — Scroll saw, a ribbon of steel with saw teeth upon one edge, stretched in a frame and adapted for sawing curved outlines; also, a machine in which such a saw is worked by foot or power.

SAW
Saw, v. t. [imp. Sawed; p. p. Sawed or Sawn (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Sawing.]

1. To cut with a saw; to separate with a saw; as, to saw timber or marble.

2. To form by cutting with a saw; as, to saw boards or planks, that is, to saw logs or timber into boards or planks; to saw shingles; to saw out a panel.

3. Also used figuratively; as, to saw the air.

SAW
Saw, v. i.

1. To use a saw; to practice sawing; as, a man saws well.

2. To cut, as a saw; as, the saw or mill saws fast.

3. To be cut with a saw; as, the timber saws smoothly.

SAWARRA NUT
Sa*war"ra nut`.

Defn: See Souari nut.

SAWBELLY
Saw"bel`ly, n.

Defn: The alewife. [Local, U.S.]

SAWBILL
Saw"bill`, n.

Defn: The merganser. [Prov. Eng.]

SAWBONES
Saw"bones`, n.

Defn: A nickname for a surgeon.

SAWBUCK
Saw"buck`, n.

Defn: A sawhorse.

SAWCEFLEM
SAw"ce*flem, a.

Defn: See Sauseflem. [Obs.]

SAWDER
Saw"der, n.

Defn: A corrupt spelling and pronunciation of solder. Soft sawder, seductive praise; flattery; blarney. [Slang]

SAWDUST
Saw"dust`, n.

Defn: Dust or small fragments of wood 9or of stone, etc.) made by the cutting of a saw.

SAWER
Saw"er`, n.

Defn: One who saws; a sawyer.

SAWFISH
Saw"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of elasmobranch fishes of the genus Pristis. They have a sharklike form, but are more nearly allied to the rays. The flattened and much elongated snout has a row of stout toothlike structures inserted along each edge, forming a sawlike organ with which it mutilates or kills its prey.

SAWFLY
Saw"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the family Tenthredinidæ. The female usually has an ovipositor containing a pair of sawlike organs with which she makes incisions in the leaves or stems of plants in which to lay the eggs. The larvæ resemble those of Lepidoptera.

SAWHORSE
Saw"horse`, n.

Defn: A kind of rack, shaped like a double St. Andrew's cross, on which sticks of wood are laid for sawing by hand; — called also buck, and sawbuck.

SAWMILL
Saw"mill`, n.

Defn: A mill for sawing, especially one for sawing timber or lumber.

SAWNEB
Saw"neb`, n.

Defn: A merganser. [Prov. Eng.]

SAW PALMETTO
Saw" pal*met"to.

Defn: See under Palmetto.

SAW-SET
Saw"-set`, n.

Defn: An instrument used to set or turn the teeth of a saw a little sidewise, that they may make a kerf somewhat wider than the thickness of the blade, to prevent friction; — called also saw-wrest.

SAWTOOTH
Saw"tooth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An arctic seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), having the molars serrated; — called also crabeating seal.

SAW-TOOTHED
Saw"-toothed", a.

Defn: Having a tooth or teeth like those of a saw; serrate.

SAWTRY
Saw"try, n.

Defn: A psaltery. [Obs.] Dryden.

SAW-WHET saw"-whet`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American owl (Nyctale Acadica), destitute of ear tufts and having feathered toes; — called also Acadian owl.

SAW-WORT
Saw"-wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Serratula; — so named from the serrated leaves of most of the species.

SAW-WREST
Saw"-wrest`, n.

Defn: See Saw-set.

SAWYER
Saw"yer, n. Etym: [Saw + -yer, as in lawyer. Cf. Sawer.]

1. One whose occupation is to saw timber into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel; a sawer.

2. A tree which has fallen into a stream so that its branches project above the surface, rising and falling with a rocking or swaying motion in the current. [U.S.]

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bowfin. [Local, U.S.]

SAX
Sax, n. Etym: [AS. seax a knife.]

Defn: A kind of chopping instrument for trimming the edges of roofing slates.

SAXATILE Sax"a*tile, a. Etym: [L. saxatilis, fr. saxum a rock: cf. F. saxalite.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rocks; living among rocks; as, a saxatile plant.

SAXHORN
Sax"horn`, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A name given to a numerous family of brass wind instruments with valves, invented by Antoine Joseph Sax (known as Adolphe Sax), of Belgium and Paris, and much used in military bands and in orchestras.

SAXICAVA
Sax`i*ca"va, n.; pl. E. saxicavas, L. Saxicavæ. Etym: [NL. See
Saxicavous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of marine bivalve shells of the genus Saxicava. Some of the species are noted for their power of boring holes in limestone and similar rocks.

SAXICAVID
Sax`i*ca"vid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the saxicavas.
— n.

Defn: A saxicava.

SAXICAVOUS Sax`i*ca"vous, a. Etym: [L. saxum rock + cavare to make hollow, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. saxicave.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Boring, or hollowing out, rocks; — said of certain mollusks which live in holes which they burrow in rocks. See Illust. of Lithodomus.

SAXICOLINE
Sax*ic"o*line, a. Etym: [L. saxum a rock + colere to inhabit.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Stone-inhabiting; pertaining to, or having the characteristics of, the stonechats.

SAXICOLOUS
Sax*ic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Saxicoline.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on rocks.

SAXIFRAGA
Sax*if"ra*ga, n. Etym: [L., saxifrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of exogenous polypetalous plants, embracing about one hundred and eighty species. See Saxifrage.

SAXIFRAGACEOUS
Sax`i*fra*ga"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Saxifragaceæ) of which saxifrage is the type. The order includes also the alum root, the hydrangeas, the mock orange, currants and gooseberries, and many other plants.

SAXIFRAGANT
Sax*if"ra*gant, a. Etym: [See Saxifrage.]

Defn: Breaking or destroying stones; saxifragous. [R.] — n.

Defn: That which breaks or destroys stones. [R.]

SAXIFRAGE
Sax"i*frage (; 48), n. Etym: [L. saxifraga, from saxifragus stone-
breaking; saxum rock + frangere to break: cf. F. saxifrage. See
Fracture, and cf. Sassafras, Saxon.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Saxifraga, mostly perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. Burnet saxifrage, a European umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella Saxifraga). — Golden saxifrage, a low half-sacculent herb (Chrysosplenium oppositifolium) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, C. Americanum, common in the United States. See also under Golden. — Meadow saxifrage, or Pepper saxifrage. See under Meadow.

SAXIFRAGOUS
Sax*if"ra*gous, a. Etym: [L. saxifragus: cf. F. saxifrage. See
Saxifrage.]

Defn: Dissolving stone, especially dissolving stone in the bladder.