3. (R.C.Ch.) (part 2)

Defn: The delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of the eye is lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve terminate. See Eye.

Note: The fibers of the optic nerve and the retinal blood vessels spread out upon the front surface of the retina, while the sensory layer (called Jacob's membrane), containing the rods and cones, is on the back side, next the choroid coat.

RETINACULUM
Ret`i*nac"u*lum, n.; pl. Retinacula. Etym: [L., a holdfast, a band.
See Retain.]

1. (Anat.) (a) A connecting band; a frænum; as, the retinacula of the ileocæcal and ileocolic valves. (b) One of the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain worms.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants.

RETINAL
Ret"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the retina. Retinal purple (Physiol.
Chem.), the visual purple.

RETINALITE
Re*tin"a*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or greenish yellow color, having a waxy resinlike luster.

RETINASPHALT; RETINASPHALTUM
Ret`in*as"phalt, Ret`in*as*phal"tum, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Retinite.

RETINERVED
Ret"i*nerved`, a. Etym: [L. rete a net + E. nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having reticulated veins.

RETINEUM
Ret`i*ne"um, n.; pl. Retinea. Etym: [NL. See Retina.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: That part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with the retina of a vertebrate.

RETINIC
Re*tin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically, designating an acid found in certain fossil resins and hydrocarbons.

RETINITE
Ret"i*nite, n. Etym: [Gr.rétinite.] (Min.)

Defn: An inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown color, found in roundish masses, sometimes with coal.

RETINITIS
Ret`i*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. NL. & E. retina + -tis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the retina.

RETINOID
Ret"i*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resinlike, or resinform; resembling a resin without being such.

RETINOL
Ret"i*nol, n. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, — used in printer's ink.

RETINOPHORA
Ret`i*noph"o*ra, n.; pl. Retiniphoræ. Etym: [NL., fr. NL. & E. retina
+ Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of group of two to four united cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or ommatidia, of the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal nerve fibrillæ. See Illust. under Ommatidium.

RETINOPHORAL
Ret`i*noph"o*ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to retinophoræ.

RETINOSCOPY
Ret`i*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Retina + -scopy.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The study of the retina of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope.

RETINUE Ret"i*nue, n. Etym: [OE. retinue, OF. retinue, fr. retenir to retain, engage, hire. See Retain.]

Defn: The body of retainers who follow a prince or other
distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite.
Others of your insolent retinue. Shak.
What followers, what retinue canst thou gain Milton.
To have at one's retinue, to keep or employ as a retainer; to retain.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

RETINULA
Re*tin"u*la, n.; pl. Retinulæ. Etym: [NL., dim. of NL. & E. retina.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the group of pigmented cells which surround the retinophoræ of invertebrates. See Illust. under Ommatidium.

RETINULATE
Re*tin"u*late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or characterized by, retinul

RETIPED Ret`i*ped, n. Etym: [L. rete a net + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. rétinopède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having small polygonal scales covering the tarsi.

RETIRACY
Re*tir"a*cy, n.

Defn: Retirement; — mostly used in a jocose or burlesque way. [U.S.]
Bartlett.
What one of our great men used to call dignified retiracy. C. A.
Bristed.

RETIRADE
Ret`i*rade", n. Etym: [F.; cf. Sp. retirada retreat. See Retire.]
(Fort.)

Defn: A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which may be disputed inch by inch after the defenses are dismantled. It usually consists of two faces which make a reëntering angle.

RETIRE
Re*tire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retired; p. pr. & vb. n. Retiring.]
Etym: [F. retirer; pref. re- re- + tirer to draw. See Tirade.]

1. To withdraw; to take away; — sometimes used reflexively. He . . . retired himself, his wife, and children into a forest. Sir P. Sidney. As when the sun is present all the year, And never doth retire his golden ray. Sir J. Davies.

2. To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and pay; as, to retire bonds; to retire a note.

3. To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer qualified for active service; to place on the retired list; as, to retire a military or naval officer.

RETIRE
Re*tire", v. i.

1. To go back or return; to draw back or away; to keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from notice. To Una back he cast him to retire. Spenser. The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in, And to herself she gladly doth retire. Sir J. Davies.

2. To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or pleasure; as, to retire from battle. Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye from him, that he may be smitten, and die. 2 Sam. xi. 15.

3. To withdraw from a public station, or from business; as, having made a large fortune, he retired. And from Britannia's public posts retire. Addison.

4. To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the shore of the sea retires in bays and gulfs.

5. To go to bed; as, he usually retires early.

Syn.
— To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat; retrocede.

RETIRE
Re*tire", n.

1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; also, a place to which one retires. [Obs.] The battle and the retire of the English succors. Bacon. [Eve] discover'd soon the place of her retire. Milton.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that they are to retire, or fall back.

RETIRED
Re*tired", a.

1. Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a person of retired habits. A retired part of the peninsula. Hawthorne.

2. Withdrawn from active duty or business; as, a retired officer; a retired physician. Retired flank (Fort.), a flank bent inward toward the rear of the work. — Retired list (Mil. & Naval), a list of officers, who, by reason of advanced age or other disability, are relieved from active service, but still receive a specified amount of pay from the government. — Re*tired"ly, adv. — Re*tired"ness, n.

RETIREMENT
Re*tire"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. retirement.]

1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion; as, the retirement of an officer. O, blest Retirement, friend of life's decline. Goldsmith. Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books. Thomson.

2. A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one withdraws or retreats; a private abode. [Archaic] This coast full of princely retirements for the sumptousness of their buildings and nobleness of the plantations. Evelyn. Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus. Addison.

Syn.
— Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat; seclusion; privacy.
See Solitude.

RETIRER
Re*tir"er, n.

Defn: One who retires.

RETIRING
Re*tir"ing, a.

1. Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring modesty; retiring manners.

2. Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited to, or belonging to, retirement. Retiring board (Mil.), a board of officers who consider and report upon the alleged incapacity of an officer for active service. — Retiring pension, a pension granted to a public officer on his retirement from office or service.

RETISTENE
Ret"i*stene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced indirectly from retene.

RETITELAE
Ret`i*te"læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. rete a net + tela a web.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of spiders which spin irregular webs; — called also
Retitelariæ.

RETOLD
Re*told",

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Retell.

RETORSION
Re*tor"sion, n.

Defn: Same as Retortion.

RETORT
Re*tort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Retorting.]
Etym: [L. retortus, p. p. of retorquere; pref. re- re- + torquere to
turn twist. See Torsion, and cf. Retort, n., 2.]

1. To bend or curve back; as, a retorted line. With retorted head, pruned themselves as they floated. Southey.

2. To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect. As when his virtues, shining upon others, Heat them and they retort that heat again To the first giver. Shak.

3. To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as, to retort the charge of vanity. And with retorted scorn his back he turned. Milton.

RETORT
Re*tort", v. i.

Defn: To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe reply.
Pope.

RETORT
Re*tort", n. Etym: [See Retort, v. t.]

1. The return of, or reply to, an argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and witty or severe response. This is called the retort courteous. Shak.

2. Etym: [F. retorte (cf. Sp. retorta), fr. L. retortus, p. p. of retorquere. So named from its bent shape. See Retort, v. t.] (Chem. & the Arts)

Defn: A vessel in which substances are subjected to distillation or decomposition by heat. It is made of different forms and materials for different uses, as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a receiver for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or semicylinder of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in gas works. Tubulated retort (Chem.), a retort having a tubulure for the introduction or removal of the substances which are to be acted upon.

Syn. — Repartee; answer. — Retort, Repartee. A retort is a short and pointed reply, turning back on an assailant the arguments, censure, or derision he had thrown out. A repartee is usually a good-natured return to some witty or sportive remark.

RETORTER
Re*tort"er, n.

Defn: One who retorts.

RETORTION
Re*tor"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétorsion. See Retort, v. t.]

1. Act of retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning back. [Written also retorsion.] It was, however, necessary to possess some single term expressive of this intellectual retortion. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Law)

Defn: Retaliation. Wharton.

RETORTIVE
Re*tort"ive, a.

Defn: Containing retort.

RETOSS
Re*toss", v. t.

Defn: To toss back or again.

RETOUCH
Re*touch", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + touch: cf. F. retoucher.]

1. To touch again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise; as, to retouch a picture or an essay.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: To correct or change, as a negative, by handwork.

RETOUCH
Re*touch", n. (Fine Arts)

Defn: A partial reworking,as of a painting, a sculptor's clay model, or the like.

RETOUCHER
Re*touch"er, n.

Defn: One who retouches.

RETRACE
Re*trace", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + trace: cf. F. retracer. Cf.
Retract.]

1. To trace back, as a line. Then if the line of Turnus you retrace, He springs from Inachus of Argive race. Driden.

2. To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over again in a reverse direction; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's proceedings.

3. To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a drawing; to draw again.

RETRACT Re*tract", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Retracting.] Etym: [F. rétracter, L. retractare, retractatum, to handle again, reconsider, retract, fr. retrahere, retractum, to draw back. See Retreat.]

1. To draw back; to draw up or shorten; as, the cat can retract its claws; to retract a muscle.

2. Ti withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take back; as, to retract an accusation or an assertion. I would as freely have retracted this charge of idolatry as I ever made it. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to revoke. [Obs.] Woodward.

Syn. — To recal; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow; recant; abjure; disown.

RETRACT
Re*tract", v. i.

1. To draw back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after amputation.

2. To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession or a declaration. She will, and she will not; she grants, denies, Consents, retracts, advances, and then files. Granville.

RETRACT
Re*tract", n. (Far.)

Defn: The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a shoe.

RETRACTABLE
Re*tract"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétractable.]

Defn: Capable of being retracted; retractile.

RETRACTATE
Re*tract"ate, v. t. Etym: [L. retractatus, p. p. of retractare. See
Retract.]

Defn: To retract; to recant. [Obs.]

RETRACTATION Re`trac*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétractation, L. retractatio a revision, reconsideration. ]

Defn: The act of retracting what has been said; recantation.

RETRACTIBLE
Re*tract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Retractable.

RETRACTILE
Re*tract"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. -rétractile.] (Physiol.)

Defn: CApable of retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; as, the claws of a cat are retractile.

RETRACTION Re*trac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétraction, L. retractio a drawing back, hesitation.]

1. The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state of being retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws.

2. The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated, claimed, or done; declaration of change of opinion; recantation. Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly beguiled both church and state of the benefit of all my either retractions or Eikon Basilike.

3. (Physiol.) (a) The act of retracting or shortening; as, the retraction of a severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew. (b) The state or condition of a part when drawn back, or towards the center of the body.

RETRACTIVE
Re*tract"ive, a.

Defn: Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction.
— Re*tract"ive*ly, adv.

RETRACTIVE
Re*tract"ive, n.

Defn: That which retracts, or withdraws.

RETRACTOR
Re*tract"or, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, retracts. Specifically: (a) In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge shell from the barrel. (b) (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for holding apart the edges of a wound during amputation. (c) (Surg.) A bandage to protect the soft parts from injury by the saw during amputation. (d) (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See Illust. under Phylactolæmata.

RETRAICT
Re*traict", n.

Defn: Retreat. [Obs.] Bacon.

RETRAIT Re*trait", n. Etym: [It. ritratto, fr. ritrarre to draw back, draw, fr. L. retrahere. See Retract.]

Defn: A portrait; a likeness. [Obs.]
Whose fair retrait I in my shield do bear. Spenser.

RETRANSFORM
Re`trans*form", v. t.

Defn: To transform anew or back.
— Re`trans*for*ma"tion, n.

RETRANSLATE
Re`trans*late", v. t.

Defn: To translate anew; especially, to translate back into the original language.

RETRAXIT
Re*trax"it, n. Etym: [L., (he) has withdrawn. See Retract.] (O. Eng.
Law)

Defn: The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by the plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action. Blackstone.

RETREAD
Re*tread", v. t. & i.

Defn: To tread again.

RETREAT
Re*treat", n. Etym: [F. retraite, fr. retraire to withdraw, L.
retrahere; pref. re- re- + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf.
Retract, Retrace.]

1. The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what is dangerous or disagreeable. In a retreat he oShak.

2. The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or safety; a refuge; an asylum. He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no cost to make a delicious retreat. L'Estrange. That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat From sudden April showers, a shelter from the heat. Dryden.

3. (Mil. & Naval.) (a) The retiring of an army or body of men from the face of an enemy, or from any ground occupied to a greater distance from the enemy, or from an advanced position. (b) The withdrawing of a ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of avoiding an engagement or escaping after defeat. (c) A signal given in the army or navy, by the beat of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when the roll is called), or for retiring from action.

Note: A retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance it differs from a flight.

4. (Eccl.) (a) A special season of solitude and silence to engage in religious exercises. (b) A period of several days of withdrawal from society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the duties of devotion; as, to appoint or observe a retreat.

Syn. — Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion; solitude; privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge.

RETREAT
Re*treat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retreated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retreating.]

Defn: To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; to withdraw; as, the defeated army retreated from the field. The rapid currents drive Towards the retreating sea their furious tide. Milton.

RETREATFUL
Re*treat"ful, a.

Defn: Furnishing or serving as a retreat. [R.] "Our retreatful flood." Chapman.

RETREATMENT
Re*treat"ment, n.

Defn: The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. [R.] D'Urfey.

RETRENCH
Re*trench", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retrenched; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrenching.] Etym: [OF. retrenchier, F. retrancher; pref. re- re- +
OF. trenchier, F. trancher, to cut. See Trench.]

1. To cut off; to pare away. Thy exuberant parts retrench. Denham.

2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or expenses. But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched. Milton.

3. To confine; to limit; to restrict. Addison. These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched interpretation I. Taylor.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions.

Syn.
— To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge.

RETRENCH
Re*trench", v. i.

Defn: To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut down living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live embarrassed.

RETRENCHMENT
Re*trench"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. retrenchment.]

1. The act or process of retrenching; as, the retrenchment of words in a writing. The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you that Walpole.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work; or to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a capitulation.

Syn.
— Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction; abridgment.

RETRIAL
Re*tri"al, n.

Defn: A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second judicial trial, as of an accused person.

RETRIBUTE Re*trib"ute, v. t. Etym: [L. retributus, p. p. ofretribuere to retribute; pref re- + tribuere to bestow, assign, pay. See Tribute.]

Defn: To pay back; to give in return, as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; as, to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute just punishment to a criminal. [Obs. or R.] Locke.

RETRIBUTER
Re*trib"u*ter, n.

Defn: One who makes retribution.

RETRIBUTION
Ret`ri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. retributio: cf. F. rétribution.]

1. The act of retributing; repayment. In good offices and due retributions, we may not be pinching and niggardly. Bp. Hall.

2. That which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable to the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign punishment for evil or wrong. All who have their reward on earth, . . . Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find Fit retribution, empty as their deeds. Milton.

3. Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general judgment. It is a strong argument for a state of retribution hereafter, that in this world virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, and vicious persons prosperous. Addison.

Syn.
— Repayment; requital; recompense; payment; retaliation.

RETRIBUTIVE; RETRIBUTORY Re*trib"u*tive, Re*trib"u*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. retributorius worthy of retribution.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature of retribution; involving retribution or repayment; as, retributive justice; retributory comforts.

RETRIEVABLE
Re*triev"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Retrieve.]

Defn: That may be retrieved or recovered; admitting of retrieval.
— Re*triev"a*ble*ness, n.
— Re*triev"a*bly, adv.

RETRIEVAL
Re*triev"al, n.

Defn: The act retrieving.

RETRIEVE Re*trieve", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retrieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Retrieving.] Etym: [OE. retreven, OF. retrover to find again, recover (il retroevee finds again), F. retrouver; pref. re- re- + OF. trover to find, F. trouver. See Trover.]

1. To find again; to recover; to regain; to restore from loss or injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to retrieve independence. With late repentance now they would retrieve The bodies they forsook, and wish to live. Dryden

2. To recall; to bring back. To retrieve them from their cold, trivial conceits. Berkeley.

3. To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or
damadge.
Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall. Prior.
There is much to be done . . . and much to be retrieved. Burke.

Syn.
— To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore.

RETRIEVE
Re*trieve", v. i. (Sport.)

Defn: To discover and bring in game that has been killed or wounded; as, a dog naturally inclined to retrieve. Walsh.

RETRIEVE
Re*trieve", n.

1. A seeking again; a discovery. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. The recovery of game once sprung; — an old sporting term. [Obs.] Nares.

RETRIEVEMENT
Re*trieve"ment, n.

Defn: Retrieval.

RETRIEVER
Re*triev"er, n.

1. One who retrieves.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to retrieve, or to find and recover game birds that have been killed or wounded.

RETRIM
Re*trim", v. t.

Defn: To trim again.

RETRIMENT
Ret"ri*ment, n. Etym: [L. retrimentum.]

Defn: Refuse; dregs. [R.]

RETRO-
Retro-. Etym: [L. retro, adv., backward, back. Cf. Re-.]

Defn: A prefix or combining form signifying backward, back; as, retroact, to act backward; retrospect, a looking back.

RETROACT
Re`tro*act", v. i. Etym: [Pref. retro- + act.]

Defn: To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective.

RETROACTION
Re`tro*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroaction.]

1. Action returned, or action backward.

2. Operation on something past or preceding.

RETROACTIVE
Re`tro*act"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroactif.]

Defn: Fitted or designed to retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past; retrospective. Beddoes. Retroactive law or statute (Law), one which operates to make criminal or punishable, or in any way expressly to affect, acts done prior to the passing of the law.

RETROACTIVELY
Re`tro*act"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a retroactive manner.

RETROCEDE
Re"tro*cede, v. t. Etym: [Pref. retro- + cede: cf. F. rétrocéder.]

Defn: To cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former proprietor.

RETROCEDE Re"tro*cede, v. i. Etym: [L. retrocedere; retro backward, back + cedere to go. See Cede.]

Defn: To go back.

RETROCEDENT
Re`tro*ced"ent, a. Etym: [L. retrocedens, p. pr.]

Defn: Disposed or likely to retrocede; — said of diseases which go from one part of the body to another, as the gout.

RETROCESSION
Re`tro*ces"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrocession. See Retrocede.]

1. The act of retroceding.

2. The state of being retroceded, or granted back.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the interior of the body.

RETROCHOIR
Re"tro*choir, n. Etym: [Pref. retro- + choir.] (Eccl. Arch.)

Defn: Any extension of a church behind the higggggggh altar, as a chapel; also, in an apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of the back or eastern face of the altar.

RETROCOPULANT
Re`tro*cop"u*lant, a. Etym: [See Retrocopulation.]

Defn: Copulating backward, or from behind.

RETROCOPULATION
Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. retro- + copulation.]

Defn: Copulation from behind. Sir T. Browne.

RETRODUCTION Re`tro*duc"tion, n. Etym: [L. retroducere, retroductum, to lead or bring back; retro backward + ducere to lead.]

Defn: A leading or bringing back.

RETROFLEX; RETROFLEXED Re"tro*flex, Re"tro*flexed, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. flectere, flexum, to bend, to turn.]

Defn: Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward.

RETROFLEXION
Re`tro*flex"ion, n.

Defn: The act of reflexing; the state of being retroflexed. Cf.
Retroversion.

RETROFRACT; RETROFRACTED Re"tro*fract, Re"tro*fract`ed, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. fractus, p. p. of frangere to break.] (Bot.)

Defn: Refracted; as, a retrofract stem.

RETROGENERATIVE
Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + generative.]

Defn: Begetting young by retrocopulation.

RETROGRADATION
Re`tro*gra*da"tion, n. Etym: [F. rétrogradation or L. retrogradatio.
See Retrograde.]

1. The act of retrograding, or moving backward.

2. The state of being retrograde; decline.

RETROGRADE Re"tro*grade, a. Etym: [L. retrogradus, from retrogradi, retrogressus, to retrograde; retro back + gradi to step: cf. F. rétrograde. See Grade.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Hutton. And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he retrograde. Chaucer.

2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, a retrograde motion; — opposed to Ant: progressive. "Progressive and not retrograde." Bacon. It is most retrograde to our desire. Shak.

3. Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Bacon.

RETROGRADE
Re"tro*grade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retrograded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retrograding.] Etym: [L. retrogradare, retrogradi: cf. F.
rétrograder.]

1. To go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as a planet.

2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals or intelligence.

RETROGRADINGLY
Re"tro*gra`ding*ly, adv.

Defn: By retrograding; so as to retrograde.

RETROGRESS
Re"tro*gress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. retrogressus.]

Defn: Retrogression. [R.] H. Spenser.

RETROGRESSION Re`tro*gres"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrogression. See Retrograde, and cf. Digression.]

1. The act of retrograding, or going backward; retrogradation.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower state of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from its earlier stages or known relationship. Called also retrograde development, and regressive metamorphism.

RETROGRESSIVE
Re`tro*gres"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrogressif.]

1. Tending to retrograde; going or moving backward; declining from a better to a worse state.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a more perfect state of organization; regressive.

RETROGRESSIVELY
Re`tro*gres"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a retrogressive manner.

RETROMINGENCY
Re`tro*min"gen*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being retromingent. Sir T. Browne.

RETROMINGENT Re`tro*min"gent, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. mingens, p. pr. of mingere to urinate.]

Defn: Organized so as to discharge the urine backward. — n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal that discharges its urine backward.

RETROPULSIVE Re`tro*pul"sive, a. Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. pellere, pulsum, to impel.]

Defn: Driving back; repelling.

RETRORSE Re*trorse", a. Etym: [L. retrorsus, retroversus; retro back + vertere, versum, to turn. Cf. Retrovert.]

Defn: Bent backward or downward.
— Re*trorse"ly, adv.

RETROSPECT Re"tro*spect, v. i. Etym: [L. retrospicere; retro back + specere, spectum, to look. See Spy, and cf. Expect.]

Defn: To look backward; hence, to affect or concern what is past.
It may be useful to retrospect to an early period. A. Hamilton.

RETROSPECT
Re"tro*spect, n.

Defn: A looking back on things past; view or contemplation of the
past. Cowper.
We may introduce a song without retrospect to the old comedy. Landor.

RETROSPECTION
Re`tro*spec"tion, n.

Defn: The act, or the faculty, of looking back on things past.

RETROSPECTIVE
Re`tro*spec"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rétrospectif.]

1. Looking backward; contemplating things past; — opposed to prospective; as, a retrospective view. The sage, with retrospective eye. Pope.

2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past; retroactive; as, a retrospective law. Inflicting death by a retrospective enactment. Macaulay.

RETROSPECTIVELY
Re`tro*spec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of retrospect.

RETROUSSE
Re*trous`sé", a. [F., p.p. of retrousser to turn up.]

Defn: Turned up; — said of a pug nose.

RETROVACCINATION
Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The inoculation of a cow with human vaccine virus.

RETROVERSION
Re`tro*ver"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rétroversion. See Retrovert.]

Defn: A turning or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or bent backward; displacement backwards; as, retroversion of the uterus.

Note: In retroversion the bending is gradual or curved; in retroflexion it is abrupt or angular.

RETROVERT
Re"tro*vert, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retroverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Retroverting.] Etym: [Pref. retro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn. Cf.
Retrorse.]

Defn: To turn back.

RETROVERTED
Re"tro*vert*ed, a.

Defn: In a state of retroversion.

RETRUDE
Re*trude", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Retruding.]
Etym: [L. retrudere; re- + trudere to thrust.]

Defn: To thrust back. [R.] Dr. H. More.

RETRUSE
Re*truse", a. Etym: [L. retrusus concealed, p. p. of retrudere.]

Defn: Abstruse. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

RETRUSION
Re*tru"sion, n.

Defn: The act of retruding, or the state of being retruded. In virtue of an endless remotion or retrusion of the constituent cause. Coleridge.

RETRY
Re*try", v. t.

Defn: To try (esp. judicially) a second time; as, to retry a case; to retry an accused person.

RETTE
Rette, v. t.

Defn: See Aret. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RETTERY
Ret"ter*y, n.

Defn: A place or establishment where flax is retted. See Ret. Ure.

RETTING
Ret"ting, n.

1. The act or process of preparing flax for use by soaking, meceration, and kindred processes; — also called rotting. See Ret. Ure.

2. A place where flax is retted; a rettery. Ure.

RETUND Re*tund", v. t. Etym: [L. retundere, retusum; pref. re- re- + tundere to beat.]

Defn: To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be obtuse or dull; as, to retund confidence. Ray. Cudworth.

RE-TURN
Re-turn", v. t. & i.

Defn: To turn again.

RETURN
Re*turn", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Returned; p. pr. & vb. n. Returning.]
Etym: [OE. returnen, retournen, F. retourner; pref. re- re- + tourner
to turn. See Turn.]

1. To turn back; to go or come again to the same place or condition.
"Return to your father's house." Chaucer.
On their embattled ranks the waves return. Milton.
If they returned out of bondage, it must be into a state of freedom.
Locke.
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. Gen. iii. 19.

2. To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular or irregular; to appear again. With the year Seasons return; but not me returns Day or the sweet approach of even or morn. Milton.

3. To speak in answer; to reply; to respond. He said, and thus the queen of heaven returned. Pope.

4. To revert; to pass back into possession. And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the house of David. 1Kings xii. 26.

5. To go back in thought, narration, or argument. "But to return to my story." Fielding.

RETURN
Re*turn", v. t.

1. To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return a borrowed book, or a hired horse. Both fled attonce, ne ever back returned eye. Spenser.

2. To repay; as, to return borrowed money.

3. To give in requital or recompense; to requite. The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head. 1 Kings ii. 44.

4. To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks.

5. To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie. If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me, that I affect to be thought more impartial than I am. Dryden.

6. To report, or bring back and make known. And all the people answered together, . . . and Moses returned the words of the people unto the Lord. Ex. xix. 8.

7. To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return a list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an election.

8. Hence, to elect according to the official report of the election officers. [Eng.]

9. To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ.

10. To convey into official custody, or to a general depository. Instead of a ship, he should llevy money, and return the same to the treasurer for his majesty's use. Clarendon.

11. (Tennis)

Defn: To bat (the ball) back over the net.

12. (Card Playing)

Defn: To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a club. To return a lead (Card Playing), to lead the same suit led by one's partner.

Syn.
— To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render; remit; report.

RETURN
Re*turn", n.

1. The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back to the same place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the return of health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary. At the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee. 1 Kings xx. 22. His personal return was most required and necessary. Shak.

2. The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; as, the return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in tennis. You made my liberty your late request: Is no return due from a grateful breast Dryden.

3. That which is returned. Specifically: (a) A payment; a remittance; a requital. I do expect return Of thrice three times the value of this bond. Shak.

(b) An answer; as, a return to one's question. (c) An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information. (d) The profit on, or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking, adventure, etc. The fruit from many days of recreation is very little; but from these few hours we spend in prayer, the return is great. Jer. Taylor.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a molding or mold; — applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south.

5. (Law) (a) The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or execution, to the proper officer or court. (b) The certificate of an officer stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc., indorsed on the document. (c) The sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners. (d) A day in bank. See Return day, below. Blackstone.

6. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: An official account, report, or statement, rendered to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of provisions, etc.

7. pl. (Fort. & Mining)

Defn: The turnings and windings of a trench or mine. Return ball, a ball held by an elastic string so that it returns to the hand from which it is thrown, — used as a plaything. — Return bend, a pipe fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of two nearly parallel pipes lying alongside or one above another. — Return day (Law), the day when the defendant is to appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and his proceedings. — Return flue, in a steam boiler, a flue which conducts flame or gases of combustion in a direction contrary to their previous movement in another flue. — Return pipe (Steam Heating), a pipe by which water of condensation from a heater or radiator is conveyed back toward the boiler.

RETURNABLE
Re*turn"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of, or admitting of, being returned.

2. (Law)

Defn: Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or rendered; as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict returnable to the court.

RETURNER
Re*turn"er, n.

Defn: One who returns.

RETURNLESS
Re*turn"less, a.

Defn: Admitting no return. Chapman.

RETUSE
Re*tuse", a. Etym: [L. retusus, p. p. : cf. F. rétus. See Retund.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse leaf.

REULE
Reule, n.& v.

Defn: Rule. [Obs.]

REUME
Reume, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.]

REUNION
Re*un"ion, n. Etym: [Pref. re- + union: cf. F. réunion.]

1. A second union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or discord; as, a reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects.

2. An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family, or the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed.

REUNITE
Re`u*nite", v. t. & i.

Defn: To unite again; to join after separation or variance. Shak.

REUNITEDLY
Re`u*nit"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reunited manner.

REUNITION
Re`u*ni"tion, n.

Defn: A second uniting. [R.]

REURGE
Re*urge", v. t.

Defn: To urge again.

REVACCINATE
Re*vac"ci*nate, v. t.

Defn: To vaccinate a second time or again.
— Re*vac`ci*na"tion(#), n.

REVALESCENCE
Rev`a*les"cence, n.

Defn: The act of growing well; the state of being revalescent. Would this prove that the patient's revalescence had been independent of the medicines given him Coleridge.

REVALESCENT Rev`a*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. revalescens, -entis, p. pr. of revalescere; pref. re- re- + valescere, v. incho. fr. valere to be well.]

Defn: Growing well; recovering strength.

REVALUATION
Re*val`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: A second or new valuation.

REVAMP
Re*vamp", v. t.

Defn: To vamp again; hence, topatch up; to reconstruct.

REVE
Reve, v. t.

Defn: To reave. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REVE
Reve, n. Etym: [See Reeve.]

Defn: An officer, steward, or governor. [Usually written reeve.]
[Obs.] Piers Plowman.

REVEAL
Re*veal", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revealed; p. pr. & vb. n. Revealing.]
Etym: [F. révéler, L. revelare, revelatum, to unveil, reveal; pref.
re- re- + velare to veil; fr. velum a veil. See Veil.]

1. To make known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to disclose; to show. Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown, She might not, would not, yet reveal her own. Waller.

2. Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency).

Syn. — To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover; open; discover; impart; show. See Communicate. — Reveal, Divulge. To reveal is literally to lift the veil, and thus make known what was previously concealed; to divulge is to scatter abroad among the people, or make publicly known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be revealed; something long confined to the knowledge of a few is at length divulged. "Time, which reveals all things, is itself not to be discovered." Locke. "A tragic history of facts divulged." Wordsworth.

REVEAL
Re*veal", n.

1. A revealing; a disclosure. [Obs.]

2. (Arch.)

Defn: The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like, between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the whole thickness of the wall; the jamb. [Written also revel.]

REVEALABILITY
Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being revealable; revealableness.

REVEALABLE
Re*veal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being revealed.
— Re*veal"a*ble*ness, n.

REVEALER
Re*veal"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reveals.

REVEALMENT
Re*veal"ment, n.

Defn: Act of revealing. [R.]

REVEGETATE
Re*veg"e*tate, v. i.

Defn: To vegetate anew.

REVEILLE Re*veil"le, n. Etym: [F. réveil, fr. réveiller to awake; pref. re- re- + pref. es- (L. ex) + veiller to awake, watch, L. vigilare to watch. The English form was prob. taken by mistake from the French imper. réveillez,2d pers. pl. See Vigil.] (Mil.)

Defn: The beat of drum, or bugle blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. "Sound a reveille." Dryden. For at dawning to assail ye Here no bugles sound reveille. Sir W. Scott.

REVEL
Rev"el, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Reveal. [R.]

REVEL
Rev"el, n. Etym: [OF. revel rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See
Revel, v. i.]

Defn: A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or
merrymaking; a carousal.
This day in mirth and revel to dispend. Chaucer.
Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant revels. Rambler.
Master of the revels, Revel master. Same as Lord of misrule, under
Lord.

REVEL
Rev"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reveled or Revelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reveling or Revelling.] Etym: [OF. reveler to revolt, rebel, make
merry, fr. L. rebellare. See Rebel.]

1. To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; to act the bacchanalian; to make merry. Shak.

2. To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. "Where joy most revels." Shak.

REVEL
Re*vel", v. t. Etym: [L. revellere; re- + vellere to pluck, pull.]

Defn: To draw back; to retract. [Obs.] Harvey.

REVELATE
Rev"e*late, v. t. Etym: [L. revelatus, p. p. of revelare to reveal.]

Defn: To reveal. [Obs.] Frith. Barnes.

REVELATION
Rev`e*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. révélation, L. revelatio. See Reveal.]

1. The act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what was before unknown to them.

2. That which is revealed.

3. (Theol.) (a) The act of revealing divine truth. (b) That which is revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible. By revelation he made known unto me the mystery, as I wrote afore in few words. Eph. iii. 3.

4. Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse.

REVELATOR
Rev"e*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who makes a revelation; a revealer. [R.]

REVELER
Rev"el*er, n. Etym: [Written also reveller.]

Defn: One who revels. "Moonshine revelers." Shak.

REVELLENT Re*vel"lent, a. Etym: [L. revellens, p. pr. of revellere. See Revel, v. t.]

Defn: Causing revulsion; revulsive. — n. (Med.)

Defn: A revulsive medicine.

REVELMENT
Rev"el*ment, n.

Defn: The act of reveling.

REVELOUS
Rev"el*ous, a. Etym: [OF. reveleus.]

Defn: Fond of festivity; given to merrymaking or reveling. [Obs.]
Companionable and revelous was she. Chaucer.

REVEL-ROUT
Rev"el-rout`, n. Etym: [See Rout.]

1. Tumultuous festivity; revelry. [Obs.] Rowe.

2. A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. [Obs.]

REVELRY
Rev"el*ry, n. Etym: [See Revel, v. i. & n.]

Defn: The act of engaging in a revel; noisy festivity; reveling.
And pomp and feast and revelry. Milton.

REVENDICATE
Re*ven"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revendicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Revendicating.]Etym: [Cf. F. revendiquer. See Revenge.]

Defn: To reclaim; to demand the restoration of. [R.] Vattel (Trans. ).

REVENDICATION
Re*ven`di*ca""tion, n. Etym: [F. revendication.]

Defn: The act of revendicating. [R.] Vattel (Trans. )

REVENGE
Re*venge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revenged, p. pr. & vb. n. Revenging
(.] Etym: [OF. revengier, F. revancher; pref. re- re- + OF. vengier
to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L. vindicare. See Vindicate,
Vengerance, and cf. Revindicate.]

1. To inflict harm in return for, as an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of injury; to avenge; — followed either by the wrong received, or by the person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as direct object, and a preposition before thewrong done or the wrongdoer. To revenge the death of our fathers. Ld. Berners. The gods are just, and will revenge our cause. Dryden. Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come, Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius. Shak.

2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to wreak vengeance for maliciously.

Syn.
— To avenge; vindicate. See Avenge.

REVENGE
Re*venge", v. i.

Defn: To take vengeance; — with upon. [Obs.] "A bird that will revenge upon you all." Shak.

REVENGE
Re*venge", n.

1. The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a returning of evil for evil. Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with his enemy; but in passing it over he is superior. Bacon.

2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who
has done us an injury.
Revenge now goes To lay a complot to betray thy foes. Shak.
The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel.
Kames.

REVENGEABLE
Re*venge"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable wrong. Warner.

REVENGEANCE
Re*venge"ance, n.

Defn: Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.]

REVENGEFUL
Re*venge"ful, a.

Defn: Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; malicious;
revenging; wreaking revenge.
If thy revengeful heart can not forgive. Shak.
May my hands . . . Never brandish more rebvengeful steel. Shak.

Syn.
— Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious.
— Re*venge"ful*ly, adv.
— Re*venge"ful*ness, n.

REVENGELESS
Re*venge"less, a.

Defn: Unrevenged. [Obs.] Marston.

REVENGEMENT
Re*venge"ment, n.

Defn: Revenge. [Obs.]
He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me. Shak.

REVENGER
Re*ven"ger, n.

Defn: One who revenges. Shak.

REVENGING
Re*ven"ging, a.

Defn: Executing revenge; revengeful.
— Re*ven"ging*ly, adv. Shak.

REVENUE
Rev"e*nue, n. Etym: [F. revenu, OF. revenue, fr. revenir to return,
L. revenire; pref. re- re- + venire to come. See Come.]

1. That which returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual rents, profits, interest, or issues of any species of property, real or personal; income. Do not anticipate your revenues and live upon air till you know what you are worth. Gray.

2. Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise.

3. The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc., which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the treasury for public use. Revenue cutter, an armed government vessel employed to enforce revenue laws, prevent smuggling, etc.

REVERB
Re*verb", v. t.

Defn: To echo. [Obs.] Shak.

REVERBERANT Re*ver"ber*ant, a. Etym: [L. reverberans, p. pr. : cf. F. réverbérant. See Reverberate.]

Defn: Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating.

REVERBERATE Re*ver"ber*ate, a. Etym: [L. reverberatus, p. p. of reverberare to strike back, repel; pref. re- re- + verberare to lash, whip, beat, fr. verber a lash, whip, rod.]

1. Reverberant. [Obs.] "The reverberate hills." Shak.

2. Driven back, as sound; reflected. [Obs.] Drayton.

REVERBERATE
Re*ver"ber*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverberated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reverberating.]

1. To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat. Who, like an arch, reverberates The voice again. Shak.

2. To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as, flame is reverberated in a furnace.

3. Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. [Obs.] "Reverberated into glass." Sir T. Browne.

REVERBERATE
Re*ver"ber*ate, v. i.

1. To resound; to echo.

2. To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light; to be echoed, as sound.

REVERBERATION
Re*ver`ber*a"tion, n. Etym: [CF. F. réverbération.]

Defn: The act of reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat, or reëchoing sound; as, the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of voices; the reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace.

REVERBERATIVE
Re*ver"ber*a*tive, a.

Defn: Of the nature of reverberation; tending to reverberate;
reflective.
This reverberative influence is that which we have intended above, as
the influence of the mass upon its centers. I. Taylor.

REVERBERATOR
Re*ver"ber*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, produces reverberation.

REVERBERATORY
Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Producing reverberation; acting by reverberation; reverberative. Reverberatory furnace. See the Note under Furnace.

REVERBERATORY
Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A reverberatory furnace.

REVERDURE
Re*ver"dure, v. t.

Defn: To cover again with verdure. Ld. Berners.

REVERE
Re*vere", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revered; p. pr. & vb. n. Revering.]
Etym: [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to E.
wary: cf. F. révérer.]

Defn: To regard with reverence, or profound respect and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to honor in estimation. Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father than treated as his partner in the empire. Addison.

Syn.
— To venerate; adore; reverence.

REVERENCE
Rev"er*ence, n. Etym: [F. révérence, L. reverentia. See Reverent.]

1. Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration. If thou be poor, farewell thy reverence. Chaucer. Reverence, which is the synthesis of love and fear. Coleridge. When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly and audaciously, it is a sign the reverence of government islost. Bacon.

Note: Formerly, as in Chaucer, reverence denoted "respect" "honor", without awe or fear.

2. The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an obeisance. Make twenty reverences upon receiving . . . about twopence. Goldsmith. And each of them doeth all his diligence To do unto the feast reverence. Chaucer.

3. That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state. I am forced to lay my reverence by. Shak.

4. A person entitled to be revered; — a title applied to priests or other ministers with the pronouns his or your; sometimes poetically to a father. Shak. Save your reverence, Saving your reverence, an apologetical phrase for an unseemly expression made in the presence of a priest or clergyman. — Sir reverence, a contracted form of Save your reverence. Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say. "Sir reverence." Shak. — To do reverence, to show reverence or honor; to perform an act of reverence. Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. Shak.

Syn. — Awe; honor; veneration; adoratuon; dread. — Awe, Reverence, Dread, Veneration. Reverence is a strong sentiment of respect and esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with fear; as, reverence for the divine law. Awe is a mixed feeling of sublimity and dread in view of something great or terrible, sublime or sacred; as, awe at the divine presence. It does not necessarily imply love. Dread is an anxious fear in view of an impending evil; as, dread of punishment. Veneration is reverence in its strongest manifestations. It is the highest emotion we can exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble objects produce reverence; terrific and threatening objects awaken dread; a sense of the divine presence fills us with awe; a union of wisdom and virtue in one who is advanced in years inspires us with veneration.

REVERENCE
Rev"er*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reverencing.]

Defn: To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and
affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
Let . . . the wife see that she reverence her husband. Eph. v. 33.
Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise. Shak.

REVERENCER
Rev"er*en*cer, n.

Defn: One who regards with reverence. "Reverencers of crowned heads."
Swift.

REVEREND
Rev"er*end, a. Etym: [F. révérend, L. reverendus, fr. revereri. See
Revere.]

Defn: Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and
affection; venerable.
A reverend sire among them came. Milton.
They must give good example and reverend deportment in the face of
their children. Jer. Taylor.

Note: This word is commonly given as a title of respect to ecclesiastics. A clergyman is styled the reverend; a dean, the very reverend; a bishop, the right reverend; an archbishop, the most reverend.

REVERENDLY
Rev"er*end*ly, adv.

Defn: Reverently. [Obs.] Foxe.

REVERENT
Rev"er*ent, a. Etym: [L. reverens, -entis, p. pr. of revereri. See
Revere.]

1. Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; humble; respectful; as, reverent disciples. "They . . . prostrate fell before him reverent." Milton.

2. Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; as, reverent words; reverent behavior. Joye.

REVERENTIAL
Rev`er*en"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. révérenciel. See Reverence.]

Defn: Proceeding from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; as, reverential fear or awe. "A reverential esteem of things sacred." South.

REVERENTIALLY
Rev`er*en"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reverential manner.

REVERENTLY
Rev"er*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reverent manner; in respectful regard.

REVERER
Re*ver"er, n.

Defn: One who reveres.

REVERIE; REVERY Rev"er*ie, Rev"er*y, n.; pl. Reveries. Etym: [F. réverie, fr. rêver to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf. Rave.]

1. A loose or irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep musing; daydream. "Rapt in nameless reveries." Tennyson. When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard of the understanding, it is that which the French call revery, our language has scarce a name for it. Locke.

2. An extravagant concient of the fancy; a vision. [R.] There are infinite reveries and numberless extravagancies pass through both [wise and foolish minds]. Addison.

REVERS Re*vers", n.sing & pl. [F. See Reverse, n.] (Dressmaking, Tailoring, etc.)

Defn: A part turned or folded back so as to show the inside, or a piece put on in imitation of such a part, as the lapel of a coat.

REVERSAL
Re*ver"sal, a. Etym: [See Reverse.]

Defn: Intended to reverse; implying reversal. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

REVERSAL
Re*ver"sal, n. Etym: [From Reverse.]

1. The act of reversing; the causing to move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an inverted position; as, the reversal of a rotating wheel; the reversal of objects by a convex lens.

2. A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment, which amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the reversal of an attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void. Blackstone.

REVERSE Re*verse", a. Etym: [OE. revers, OF. revers, L. reversus, p. p. of revertere. See Revert.]

1. Turned backward; having a contrary or opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the reverse order or method. "A vice reverse unto this." Gower.

2. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. [Obs.] He found the sea diverse With many a windy storm reverse. Gower.

3. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Reversed; as, a reverse shell. Reverse bearing (Surv.), the bearing of a back station as observed from the station next in advance. — Reverse curve (Railways), a curve like the letter S, formed of two curves bending in opposite directions. — Reverse fire (Mil.), a fire in the rear. — Reverse operation (Math.), an operation the steps of which are taken in a contrary order to that in which the same or similar steps are taken in another operation considered as direct; an operation in which that is sought which in another operation is given, and that given which in the other is sought; as, finding the length of a pendulum from its time of vibration is the reverse operation to finding the time of vibration from the length.

REVERSE
Re*verse", n. Etym: [Cf. F. revers. See Reverse, a.]

1. That which appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a line, a course of conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction. He did so with the reverse of the lance. Sir W. Scott.

2. That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a contrary; an opposite. Chaucer. And then mistook reverse of wrong for right. Pope. To make everything the reverse of what they have seen, is quite as easy as to destroy. Burke.

3. The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse. The strange reverse of fate you see; I pitied you, now you may pity me. Dryden. By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich. Lamb.

4. The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of a medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the Ant: obverse. See Obverse.

5. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a backhanded stroke. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of the bandage is changed.

REVERSE
Re*verse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reversed;p. pr. & vb. n. Reversing.]
Etym: [See Reverse, a., and cf. Revert.]

1. To turn back; to cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause to depart. And that old dame said many an idle verse, Out of her daughter's heart fond fancies to reverse. Spenser.

2. To cause to return; to recall. [Obs.] And to his fresh remembrance did reverse The ugly view of his deformed crimes. Spenser.

3. To change totally; to alter to the opposite.
Reverse the doom of death. Shak.
She reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of Bray. Sir W.
Scott.

4. To turn upside down; to invert. A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if balanced by admirable skill. Sir W. Temple.

5. Hence, to overthrow; to subvert. These can divide, and these reverse, the state. Pope. Custom . . . reverses even the distinctions of good and evil. Rogers.

6. (Law)

Defn: To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree. Reverse arms (Mil.), a position of a soldier in which the piece passes between the right elbow and the body at an angle of 45°, and is held as in the illustration. — To reverse an engine or a machine, to cause it to perform its revolutions or action in the opposite direction.

Syn. — To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert; repeal; annul; revoke; undo.

REVERSE
Re*verse", v. i.

1. To return; to revert. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To become or be reversed.

REVERSED
Re*versed", a.

1. Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to the contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zoöl.), sinistrorse or sinistral; as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell.

2. (Law)

Defn: Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a reversed judgment or decree. Reversed positive or negative (Photog.), a picture corresponding with the original in light and shade, but reversed as to right and left. Abney.

REVERSEDLY
Re*vers"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a reversed way.

REVERSELESS
Re*verse"less, a.

Defn: Irreversible. [R.] A. SEward.

REVERSELY
Re*verse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the opposite. Bp.
Pearson.

REVERSER
Re*vers"er, n.

Defn: One who reverses.

REVERSIBILITY
Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being reversible. Tyndall.

REVERSIBLE
Re*vers"i*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réversible revertible, reversionary.]

1. Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a reversible back; a reversible judgment or sentence.

2. Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that either may be used; — said of fabrics. Reversible lock, a lock that may be applied to a door opening in either direction, or hinged to either jamb. — Reversible process. See under Process.

REVERSIBLY
Re*vers"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a reversible manner.

REVERSING
Re*vers"ing, a.

Defn: Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of being reversed. Reversing engine, a steam engine having a reversing gear by means of which it can be made to run in either direction at will. — Reversing gear (Mach.), gear for reversing the direction of rotation at will.

REVERSION
Re*ver"sion, n. Etym: [F. réversion, L. reversio a turning back. See
Revert.]

1. The act of returning, or coming back; return. [Obs.] After his reversion home, [he] was spoiled, also, of all that he brought with him. Foxe.

2. That which reverts or returns; residue. [Obs.] The small reversion of this great navy which came home might be looked upon by religious eyes as relics. Fuller.

3. (Law)

Defn: The returning of an esttate to the grantor or his heirs, by operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue of an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. Kent.

4. Hence, a right to future possession or enjoiment; succession. For even reversions are all begged before. Dryden.

5. (Annuities)

Defn: A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit which does not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death of a living person. Brande &C.

6. (Biol.)

Defn: A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism. Reversion of series (Alg.), the act of reverting a series. See To revert a series, under Revert, v. t.

REVERSIONARY
Re*ver"sion*a*ry, a. (Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a reversion; involving a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the termination of a particular estate; as, a reversionary interest or right.

REVERSIONARY
Re*ver"sion*a*ry, n. (Law)

Defn: That which is to be received in reversion.

REVERSIONER
Re*ver"sion*er, n. (Law)

Defn: One who has a reversion, or who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is terminated. Blackstone.

REVERSIS
Re*ver"sis, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A certain game at cards.

REVERT
Re*vert", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Reverting.]
Etym: [L. revertere, reversum; pref. re- re- + vertere to turn: cf.
OF. revertir. See Verse, and cf. Reverse.]

1. To turn back, or to the contrary; to reverse.
Till happy chance revert the cruel scence. Prior.
The tumbling stream . . . Reverted, plays in undulating flow.
Thomson.

2. To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To change back. See Revert, v. i. To revert a series (Alg.), to treat a series, as y = a + bx + cx2 + etc., where one variable y is expressed in powers of a second variable x, so as to find therefrom the second variable x, expressed in a series arranged in powers of y.

REVERT
Re*vert", v. i.

1. To return; to come back. So that my arrows Would have reverted to my bow again. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To return to the proprietor after the termination of a particular estate granted by him.

3. (Biol.)

Defn: To return, wholly or in part, towards some preëxistent form; to take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers reverts.

REVERT
Re*vert", n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reverts. An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or rather reverts, to the faith. Fuller.

REVERTED
Re*vert"ed, a.

Defn: Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or curved twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S.

REVERTENT
Re*vert"ent, n. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy which restores the natural order of the inverted irritative motions in the animal system. [Obs.] E. Darwin.

REVERTER
Re*vert"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, reverts.

2. (Law) Reversion. Burrill.

REVERTIBLE
Re*vert"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being reverted; as, a revertible estate.

REVERTIVE
Re*vert"ive, a.

Defn: Reverting, or tending to revert; returning.
— Re*vert"ive*ly, adv.
The tide revertive, unattracted, leaves A yellow waste of idle sands
behind. Thomson.

REVERY
Rev"er*y, n.

Defn: Same as Reverie.

REVEST Re*vest", v. t. Etym: [OF reverstir, F. revêtir, L. revestire; pref. re- re- + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis a garment. See Vestry, and cf. Revet.]

1. To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe. Her, nathless, . . . the enchanterrevest and decked with due habiliments. Spenser.

2. To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate with authority.

REVEST
Re*vest", v. i.

Defn: To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to former owner; as, the title or right revels in A after alienation.

REVESTIARY
Re*ves"ti*a*ry, n. Etym: [LL. revestiarium: cf. F. revestiaire. See
Revest.]

Defn: The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments, etc., are kept; — now contracted into vestry.

REVESTRY
Re*ves"try, n.

Defn: Same as Revestiary. [Obs.]

REVESTTURE
Re*vest"ture, n.

Defn: Vesture. [Obs.]
Richrevesture of cloth of gold. E. Hall.

REVET
Re*vet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revetted;p. pr. & vb. n. Revetting.]
Etym: [See Revetment.] (Mil. & Civil Engineering)

Defn: To face, as an embankment, with masonry, wood, or other material.

REVETMENT Re*vet"ment, n. Etym: [F. revêtment the lining of a dith, fr. revêtir to clothe, L. revestire. See Revest,v. t.] (Fort. & Engin.)

Defn: A facing of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an embankment when it receives a slope steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining wall. [Written also revêtement (

REVIBRATE
Re*vi"brate, v. i.

Defn: To vibrate back or in return.
— Re`vi*bra"tion, n.

REVICT
Re*vict", v. t. Etym: [L. revictus, p. p. of revincere to conquer.]

Defn: To reconquer. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

REVICTION Re*vic"tion, n. Etym: [From L. revivere, revictum, to live again; pref. re- re- + vivere to live.]

Defn: Return to life. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

REVICTUAL
Re*vict"ual, v. t.

Defn: To victual again.

REVIE
Re*vie", v. t.

1. To vie with, or rival, in return.

2. (Card Playing)

Defn: To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with a higher wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

REVIE
Re*vie", v. i.

1. To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. [Obs.]

2. To make a retort; to bandy words. [Obs.]

REVIEW
Re*view", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Review; p. pr. & vb. n. Reveiwing.]
Etym: [Pref. re- + view. Cf. Riview, n. ]

1. To view or see again; to look back on [R.] "I shall review Sicilia." Shak.

2. To go over and examine critically or deliberately. Specifically: (a) To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a book for a new edition. (b) To go over with critical examination, in order to discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice of; as, to review a new novel. (c) To make a formal or official examination of the state of, as troops, and the like; as, to review a regiment. (d) (Law) To reëxamine judically; as, a higher court may review the proceedings and judgments of a lower one.

3. To retrace; to go over again. Shall I the long, laborious scene review Pope.

REVIEW
Re*view", v. i.

Defn: To look back; to make a review.

REVIEW
Re*view", n. Etym: [F. revue, fr. revu, p. p. of revoir to see again,
L. revidere; pref. re- re- + videre to see. See View, and cf.
Revise.]

1. A second or repeated view; a reëxamination; a retrospective survey; a looking over again; as, a review of one's studies; a review of life.

2. An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision; as, an author's review of his works.

3. A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a criticism; a critique.

4. A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest, as new productions in literature, art, etc.

5. An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of discipline, equipments, etc.

6. (Law)

Defn: The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court by a higher.

7. A lesson studied or recited for a second time. Bill of review (Equity), a bill, in the nature of proceedings in error, filed to procure an examination and alteration or reversal of a final decree which has been duly signed and enrolled. Wharton. — Commission of review (Eng. Eccl. Law), a commission formerly granted by the crown to revise the sentence of the court of delegates.

Syn. — Reëxamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey; reconsideration; revisal; revise; revision.

REVIEWABLE
Re*view"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being reviewed.

REVIEWAL
Re*view"al, n.

Defn: A review. [R.] Southey.

REVIEWER
Re*view"er, n.

Defn: One who reviews or reëxamines; an inspector; one who examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their merits; a professional critic of books.

REVIGORATE Re*vig"or*ate, a. Etym: [LL. revigoratus, p. p. of revigorare; L. re- + vigor vigor.]

Defn: Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. [R.] Southey.

REVIGORATE
Re*vig"or*ate, v. t.

Defn: To give new vigor to. [Obs.]

REVILE
Re*vile", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Reviled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reviling.] Etym: [Pref. re- + OF. aviler to make vile, depreciate, F.
avilir; à (L. ad.) + vil vile. See Vile.]

Defn: To address or abuse with opprobrious and contemptuous language; to reproach. "And did not she herself revile me there" Shak. Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again. 1 Pet. ii. 23.

Syn.
— To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate.

REVILE
Re*vile", n.

Defn: Reproach; reviling. [Obs.]
The gracious Judge, without revile, replied. Milton.

REVILEMENT
Re*vile"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; reproach; abuse. Spenser.

REVILER
Re*vil"er, n.

Defn: One who reviles. 1. Cor. vi. 10.

REVILING
Re*vil"ing, n.

Defn: Reproach; abuse; vilification.
Neither be ye afraid of their revilings. Isa. li. 7.

REVILING
Re*vil"ing, a.

Defn: Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches.
— Re*vil"ing*ly, adv.

REVINCE
Re*vince", v. t. Etym: [See Revict.]

Defn: To overcome; to refute, as error. [Obs.] Foxe.

REVINDICATE
Re*vin"di*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + vindicate. Cf. Revindicate,
Revenge.]

Defn: To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back.
Mitford.

REVIRESCENCE Rev`i*res"cence, n. Etym: [L. revirescens, p. pr. of revirescere to grow green again.]

Defn: A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or vigor.
[Obs.]

REVISABLE
Re*vis"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be revised.

REVISAL
Re*vis"al, n. Etym: [From Revise.]

Defn: The act of revising, or reviewing and reëxamining for correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a treaty.

REVISE
Re*vise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revised; p. pr. & vb. n. Revising.]
Etym: [F. reviser, fr. L. revidere, revisum, to see again; pref. re-
re- + videre, visum, tosee. See Review, View.]

1. To look at again for the detection of errors; to reëxamine; to review; to look over with care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a translation.

2. (Print.)

Defn: To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same matter, and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the type.

3. To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to revise an agreement; to revise a dictionary. The Revised Version of the Bible, a version prepared in accordance with a resolution passed, in 1870, by both houses of the Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, England. Both English and American revisers were employed on the work. It was first published in a complete form in 1885, and is a revised form of the Authorized Version. See Authorized Version, under Authorized.

REVISE
Re*vise", n.

1. A review; a revision. Boyle.

2. (Print.)

Defn: A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first or a subsequent correction.

REVISER
Re*vis"er, n.

Defn: One who revises.

REVISION
Re*vi"sion, n. Etym: [F. révision, L. revisio.]

1. The act of revising; reëxamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes.

2. That which is made by revising.

Syn.
— Reëxamination; revisal; revise; review.

REVISIONAL; REVISIONARY
Re*vi"sion*al, Re*vi"sion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to revision; revisory.

REVISIT
Re*vis"it, v. t.

1. To visit again. Milton.

2. To revise. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

REVISITATION
Re*vis`it*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of revisiting.

REVISORY
Re*vi"so*ry, a.

Defn: Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. Story.

REVITALIZE
Re*vi"tal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. L. S. Beale.

REVIVABLE
Re*viv"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be revived.

REVIVAL
Re*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Revive.]

Defn: The act of reviving, or the state of being revived. Specifically: (a) Renewed attention to something, as to letters or literature. (b) Renewed performance of, or interest in, something, as the drama and literature. (c) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest. (d) Reanimation from a state of langour or depression; — applied to the health, spirits, and the like. (e) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of something, as of commerce, arts, agriculture. (f) Renewed prevalence of something, as a practice or a fashion. (g) (Law) Restoration of force, validity, or effect; renewal; as, the revival of a debt barred by limitation; the revival of a revoked will, etc. (h) Revivification, as of a metal. See Revivification, 2.

REVIVALISM
Re*viv"al*ism, n.

Defn: The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of revivalists.

REVIVALIST
Re*viv"al*ist, n.

Defn: A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of religion; an advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, a clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote revivals. Also used adjectively.

REVIVALISTIC
Re*viv`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to revivals.

REVIVE
Re*vive", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revived; p. pr. & vb. n. Reviving.]
Etym: [F. revivere, L. revivere; pref. re- re- + vivere to live. See
Vivid.]

1. To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated. Shak. The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came into again, and he revived. 1 Kings xvii. 22.

2. Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal.

REVIVE
Re*vive", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. reviver. See Revive, v. i.]

1. To restore, or bring again to life; to reanimate. Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be revived. Bp. Pearson.

2. To raise from coma,, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring into action after a suspension. Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts. Shak. Your coming, friends, revives me. Milton.

3. Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive letters or learning.

4. To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall attention to; to reawaken. "Revive the libels born to die." Swift. The mind has a power in many cases to revive perceptions which it has once had. Locke.

5. (Old Chem.)

Defn: To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; as, to revive a metal after calcination.

REVIVEMENT
Re*vive"ment, n.

Defn: Revival. [R.]

REVIVER
Re*viv"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, revives.

REVIVIFICATE Re`vi*vif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + vivificate: cf. L. revivificare, revivificatum. Cf. Revivify.]

Defn: To revive; to recall or restore to life. [R.]

REVIVIFICATION
Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. révivification.]

1. Renewal of life; restoration of life; the act of recaling, or the state of being recalled, to life.

2. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to its metallic state.

REVIVIFY
Re*viv"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. révivifier, L. revivificare. See
Vivify.]

Defn: To cause to revive. Some association may revivify it enough to make it flash, after a long oblivion, into consciousness. Sir W. Hamilton.

REVIVING
Re*viv"ing, a. & n.

Defn: Returning or restoring to life or vigor; reanimating. Milton.
— Re*viv"ing*ly, adv.

REVIVISCENCE; REVIVISCENCY
Rev`i*vis"cence, Rev`i*vis"cen*cy, n.

Defn: The act of reviving, or the state of being revived; renewal of
life.
In this age we have a sort of reviviscence, not, I fear, of the
power, but of a taste for the power, of the early times. Coleridge.

REVIVISCENT Rev`i*vis"cent, a. Etym: [L. reviviscens, p. pr. ofreviviscere to revive; pref. re- re- + viviscere, v. incho. fr. vivere to live.]

Defn: Able or disposed to revive; reviving. E. Darwin.

REVIVOR
Re*viv"or, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Revival of a suit which is abated by the death or marriage of any of the parties, — done by a bill of revivor. Blackstone.

REVOCABILITY
Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being revocable; as, the revocability of a law.

REVOCABLE
Rev"o*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. revocabilis: cf. F. révocable. See
Revoke.]

Defn: Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a
revocable covenant.
— Rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n.
— Rev"o*ca*bly, adv.

REVOCATE
Rev"o*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. revocatus, p. p. of revocare. See
Revoke.]

Defn: To recall; to call back. [Obs.]

REVOCATION
Rev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. revocatio: cf. F. révocation.]

1. The act of calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall. One that saw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin, gave him notice of their affection. Hooker.

2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a license.

REVOCATORY
Rev"o**ca*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. revocatorius: cf. F. révocatoire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a revocation; revoking; recalling.

REVOICE
Re*voice", v. t.

Defn: To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ pipe, so as to restore its tone.

REVOKE
Re*voke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revoked;p. pr. & vb. n. Revoking.]
Etym: [F. révoquer, L. revocare; pref. re- re- + vocare to call, fr.
vox, vocis, voice. See Voice, and cf. Revocate.]

1. To call or bring back; to recall. [Obs.] The faint sprite he did revoke again, To her frail mansion of morality. Spenser.

2. Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to rescind; to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act; as, , to revoke a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or the like. Shak.

3. To hold back; to repress; to restrain. [Obs.] [She] still strove their sudden rages to revoke. Spenser.

4. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.] Spenser.

5. To call back to mind; to recollect. [Obs.] A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself former passages, will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris to his conscience. South.

Syn. — To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand; annul; abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish.

REVOKE
Re*voke", v. i. (Card Playing)

Defn: To fail to follow suit when holding a card of the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to renege. Hoyle.

REVOKE
Re*voke", n. (Card Playing)

Defn: The act of revoking.
She [Sarah Battle] never made a revoke. Lamb.

REVOKEMENT
Re*voke"ment, n.

Defn: Revocation. [R.] Shak.

REVOKER
Re*vok"er, n.

Defn: One who revokes.

REVOKINGLY
Re*vok"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of revocation.

REVOLT
Re*volt", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Revolting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. révoller, It. rivoltare. See Revolt, n.]

1. To turn away; to abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away, or shrink, with abhorrence. But this got by casting pearl to hogs, That bawl for freedom in their senseless mood, And still revolt when trith would set them free. Milton. HIs clear intelligence revolted from the dominant sophisms of that time. J. Morley.

2. Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another; especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a government; to rebel. Our discontented counties do revolt. Shak. Plant those that have revolted in the van. Shak.

3. To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel nausea; — with at; as, the stomach revolts at such food; his nature revolts at cruelty.

REVOLT
Re*volt", v. t.

1. To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with abhorrence; to shock; as, to revolt the feelings. This abominable medley is made rather to revolt young and ingenuous minds. Burke. To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient creatuure revolted his conscience and offended his reason. J. Morley.

REVOLT
Re*volt", n. Etym: [F. révolte, It. rivolta, fr. rivolto, p. p. fr.
L. revolvere, revolutum. See Revolve.]

1. The act of revolting; an uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to a government; rebellion; as, the revolt of a province of the Roman empire. Who first seduced them to that foul revolt Milton.

2. A revolter. [Obs.] "Ingrate revolts." Shak.

Syn.
— Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See Insurrection.

REVOLTER
Re*volt"er, n.

Defn: One who revolts.

REVOLTING
Re*volt"ing, a.

Defn: Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty. — Re*volt"ing*ly, adv.

REVOLUBLE
Rev"o*lu*ble, a. Etym: [L. revolubilis that may be rolled back. See
Revolve.]

Defn: Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. [Obs.] Us, then, to whom the thrice three year Hath filled his revoluble orb since our arrival here, I blame not. Chapman.

REVOLUTE
Rev"o*lute, a. Etym: [L. revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See Revolve.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Rolled backward or downward.

Note: A revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower surface inside the coil. A leaf with revolute margins has the edges rolled under, as in the Andromeda polifilia.

REVOLUTION
Rev`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [F. révolution, L. revolutio. See Revolve.]

1. The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc.

2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral. That fear Comes thundering back, with dreadful revolution, On my defenseless head. Milton.

3. The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events. "The short revolution of a day." Dryden.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; — designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth.

Note: The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the motion of a single body, as a planet, about its own axis, but this motion is usually called rotation.

5. (Geom.)

Defn: The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere.

6. A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances or way of living. The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a complete revolution throughout the department. Macaulay.

7. (Politics)

Defn: A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed. The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to the degree of the maladministration which has produced them. Macaulay.

Note: When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The English Revolution in 1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, in place of James II. (b) The American Revolution, beginning in 1775, by which the English colonies, since known as the United States, secured their independence. (c) The revolution in France in 1789, commonly called the French Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in that country being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of 1830, of 1848, etc.

REVOLUTIONARY
Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. révolutionnaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators.

REVOLUTIONARY
Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, n.

Defn: A revolutionist. [R.]
Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a revolutionary.
Prof. Wilson.

REVOLUTIONER
Rev`o*lu"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; a revolutionist.
Smollett.

REVOLUTIONISM
Rev`o*lu"tion*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being in revolution; revolutionary doctrines or principles.

REVOLUTIONIST
Rev`o*lu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One engaged in effecting a change of government; a favorer of revolution. Burke.

REVOLUTIONIZE Rev`o*lu"tion*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revolutioniezed; p. pr. & vb. n. Revolutionizing.]

Defn: To change completely, as by a revolution; as, to revolutionize
a government. Ames.
The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul. J. M. Mason.

REVOLUTIVE
Re*vol"u*tive, a.

Defn: Inclined to revolve things in the mind; meditative. [Obs.]
Feltham.

REVOLVABLE
Re*volv"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be revolved.

REVOLVE
Re*volve", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolved; p. pr. & vb. n.
Revolving.] Etym: [L. revolvere, revolutum; pref. re- re- + volvere
to roll, turn round. See Voluble, and cf. Revolt, revolution.]

1. To turn or roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; to rotate, — which is the more specific word in this sense. If the earth revolve thus, each house pear the equator must move a thousand miles an hour. I. Watts.

2. To move in a curved path round a center; as, the planets revolve round the sun.

3. To pass in cycles; as, the centuries revolve.

4. To return; to pass. [R.] Ayliffe.

REVOLVE
Re*volve", v. t.

1. To cause to turn, as on an axis. Then in the east her turn she shines, Revolved on heaven's great axile. Milton.

2. Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of. This having heard, straight I again revolved The law and prophets. Milton.

REVOLVEMENT
Re*volve"ment, n.

Defn: Act of revolving. [R.]

REVOLVENCY
Re*volv"en*cy, n.

Defn: The act or state of revolving; revolution. [Archaic]
Its own revolvency upholds the world. Cowper.

REVOLVER
Re*volv"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a firearm ( commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so arranged as to revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by the same lock; a repeater.

REVOLVING
Re*volv"ing, a.

Defn: Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; — used also figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the revolution of the earth. But grief returns with the revolving year. Shelley. Revolving seasons, fruitless as they pass. Cowper. Revolving firearm. See Revolver. — Revolving light, a light or lamp in a lighthouse so arranged as to appear and disappear at fixed intervals, either by being turned about an axis so as to show light only at intervals, or by having its light occasionally intercepted by a revolving screen.

REVULSE
Re*vulse", v. t. Etym: [L. revulsus, p. p. of revellere.]

Defn: To pull back with force. [R.] Cowper.

REVULSION
Re*vul"sion, n. Etym: [F. révulsion, L. revulsio, fr. revellere,
revulsum, to pluck or pull away; pref. re- re- + vellere to pull. Cf.
Convulse.]

1. A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. "Revulsions and pullbacks." SSir T. Brovne.

2. A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; — applied to the feelings. A sudden and violent revulsion of feeling, both in the Parliament and the country, followed. Macaulay.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The act of turning or diverting any disease from one part of the body to another. It resembles derivation, but is usually applied to a more active form of counter irritation.

REVULSIVE
Re*vul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. révulsif.]

Defn: Causing, or tending to, revulsion.

REVULSIVE
Re*vul"sive, n.

Defn: That which causes revulsion; specifically (Med.), a revulsive remedy or agent.

REW
Rew, n. Etym: [See Row a series.]

Defn: A row. [Obs.] Chaucer. "A rew of sundry colored stones."
Chapman.

REWAKE
Re*wake"", v. t. & i.

Defn: To wake again.

REWARD Re*ward", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rewarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Rewarding.] Etym: [OF. rewarder, another form of regarder, of German origin. The original sense is, to look at, regard, hence, to regard as worthy, give a reward to. See Ward, Regard.]

Defn: To give in return, whether good or evil; — commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to compensate. After the deed that is done, one doom shall reward, Mercy or no mercy as truth will accord. Piers Plowman. Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. 1 Sam. xxiv. 17. I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that hate me. Deut. xxxii. 41. God rewards those that have made use of the single talent. Hammond.

REWARD
Re*ward", n. Etym: [See Reward, v., and cf. Regard, n.]

1. Regard; respect; consideration. [Obs.] Take reward of thine own value. Chaucer.

2. That which is given in return for good or evil done or received; esp., that which is offered or given in return for some service or attainment, as for excellence in studies, for the return of something lost, etc.; recompense; requital. Thou returnest From flight, seditious angel, to receive Thy merited reward. Milton. Rewards and punishments do always presuppose something willingly done well or ill. Hooker.

3. Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works. The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward. Eccl. ix. 5.

4. (Law)

Defn: Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of money paid or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some act. Burrill.

Syn. — Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay; requital; retribution; punishment.

REWARDABLE
Re*ward"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of reward.
— Re*ward"a*ble*ness, n.
— Re*ward"a*bly, adv.

REWARDER
Re*ward"er, n.

Defn: One who rewards.

REWARDFUL
Re*ward"ful, a.

Defn: Yielding reward. [R.]

REWARDLESS
Re*ward"less, a.

Defn: Having, or affording, no reward.

REWE
Rewe, v. t. & i.

Defn: Tu rue. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REWEL BONE Rew"el bone`. Etym: [Perh. from F. rouelle, dim. of roue a wheel, L. rota.]

Defn: An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, — perhaps, smooth or
polished bone.
His saddle was of rewel boon. Chaucer.

REWET
Rew"et, n. Etym: [See Rouet.]

Defn: A gunlock. [R.]

REWFUL
Rew"ful, a.

Defn: Rueful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REWIN
Re*win", v. t.

Defn: To win again, or win back.
The Palatinate was not worth the rewinning. Fuller.

REWLE
Rewle, n. & v.

Defn: Rule. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REWME
Rewme, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

REWORD
Re*word", v. t.

1. To repeat in the same words; to reëcho. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; as, to reword an idea or a passage.

REWRITE
Re*write", v. t.

Defn: To write again. Young.

REWTH
Rewth, n.

Defn: Ruth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REX
Rex, n.; pl. Reges. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A king. To play rex, to play the king; to domineer. [Obs.]

REYN
Reyn, n.

Defn: Rain or rein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REYNARD
Rey"nard, n.

Defn: An appelation applied after the manner of a proper name to the fox. Same as Renard.

REYSE
Reyse, v. t.

Defn: To raise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REYSE
Reyse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. reisen to travel.]

Defn: To go on a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REZ-DE-CHAUSSEE Rez`-de-chaus`sée", n. [F., lit., level of the street. See Raze, v. t., and Causey.] (Arch.)

Defn: The ground story of a building, either on a level with the street or raised slightly above it; — said esp. of buildings on the continent of Europe.

Tier above tier of neat apartments rise over the little shops which form the rez-de-chaussée. The Century.

RHABARBARATE Rha*bar"ba*rate, a. Etym: [From NL. rhabarbarum, an old name of rhubarb. See Rhubarb.]

Defn: Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb. Floyer.

RHABARBARIN; RHABARBARINE
Rha*bar"ba*rin, or; Rha*bar"ba*rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Chrysophanic acid.

RHABDITE
Rhab"dite, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A minute smooth rodlike or fusiform structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of insects.

RHABDOCOELA
Rhab`do*coe"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Turbellaria including those that have a simple cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an intestine.

RHABDOCOELOUS
Rhab`do*coe"lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Rhabdocoela.

RHABDOIDAL
Rhab*doid"al, a.

Defn: See Sagittal.

RHABDOLITH
Rhab"do*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -lith.]

Defn: A minute calcareous rodlike structure found both at the surface and the bottom of the ocean; — supposed by some to be a calcareous alga.

RHABDOLOGY
Rhab*dol"o*gy, n.

Defn: Same as Rabdology.

RHABDOM
Rhab"dom, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two or more cells situated behind the retinulæ in the compound eyes of insects, etc. See Illust. under Ommatidium.

RHABDOMANCY
Rhab"do*man`cy, n.

Defn: Same as Rabdomancy.

RHABDOMERE
Rhab"do*mere, n. Etym: [Rhabdom + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several parts composing a rhabdom.

RHABDOPHORA
Rhab*doph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the graptolities.

RHABDOPLEURA
Rhab`do*pleu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular cells have a centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a bilobed lophophore. It is the type of the order Pterobranchia, or Podostomata

RHABDOSPHERE
Rhab"do*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + E. sphere.]

Defn: A minute sphere composed of rhabdoliths.

RHACHIALGIA
Rha`chi*al"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Rachialgia.

RHACHIDIAN
Rha*chid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhachis; as, the rhachidian teeth of a mollusk.

RHACHIGLOSSA
Rhach`i*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Rhachis, and Glossa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis and three longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It includes many of the large ornamental shells, as the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, volutes, and whelks. See Illust. in Append.

RHACHILLA
Rha*chil"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis the spine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the florets are arranged in the spikelets of grasses.

RHACHIODONT
Rha"chi*o*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. "ra`chis, -ios, the spine + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar modification of the inferior spines of some of the vertebræ, as certain South African snakes (Dasypelits) which swallow birds' eggs and use these gular teeth to crush them.

RHACHIS
Rha"chis, n.; pl. E. Rhachises, L. Rhachides. Etym: [See Rachis.]
[Written also rechis.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The spine.

2. (Bot.) (a) The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound leaf, as in a rose leaf or a fern. (b) The principal axis in a raceme, spike, panicle, or corymb.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, or plumule, is called the hyporhachis. (b) The central cord in the stem of a crinoid. (c) The median part of the radula of a mollusk. (d) A central cord of the ovary of nematodes.

RHACHITIS
Rha*chi"tis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Rachitis.

RHADAMANTHINE
Rhad`a*man"thine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously just; as, a
Rhadamanthine judgment.

RHADAMANTHUS; RHADAMANTHYS
Rhad`a*man"thus, Rhad`a*man"thys, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Greek
Mythol.)

Defn: One of the three judges of the internal regions; figuratively, a strictly just judge.

RHAETIAN
Rhae"ti*an, a & n.

Defn: Rhetian.

RHAETIC; RHETIC
Rhae"tic, Rhe"tic, a. Etym: [L. Rhaeticus Rhetian.] (Geol.)

Defn: Pertining to, or of the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic strata of the Rhetian Alps. These strata are regarded as closing the Triassic period. See the Chart of Geology.

RHAETIZITE; RHETIZITE
Rhae"ti*zite, Rhe"ti*zite, n. Etym: [So called from L. Rhaetia,
Raetia, the Rhetian Alps, where it is found.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the mineral cyanite.

RHAMADAN
Rham`a*dan", n.

Defn: See Ramadan.

RHAMNACEOUS
Rham*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of shrubs and trees
(Rhamnaceæ, or Rhamneæ) of which the buckthorn (Rhamnus) is the type.
It includes also the New Jersey tea, the supple-jack, and one of the
plants called lotus (Zizyphus).

RHAMNUS
Rham"nus, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. rhamnos.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The California Rhamnus Purchianus and the European R. catharticus are used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges.

RHAMPHORHYNCHUS
Rham`pho*rhyn"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of pterodactyls in which the elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the tip.

RHAMPHOTHECA
Rham`pho*the"ca, n.; pl. Rhamphothecæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horny covering of the bill of birds.

RHAPHE
Rha"phe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam. [Written also raphe.] Gray.

RHAPHIDES
Rhaph"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. raphides.] (Bot.)

Defn: Minute transparent, often needlle-shaped, crystals found in the tissues of plants. [Written also raphides.]

RHAPONTICINE
Rha*pon"ti*cine (, n. Etym: [L. rhaponticum rhubarb. See Rhubarb.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Chrysophanic acid.

RHAPSODE
Rhap"sode, n. Etym: [Gr. Rhapsody.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A rhapsodist. [R.] Grote.

RHAPSODER
Rhap"so*der, n.

Defn: A rhapsodist. [Obs.]

RHAPSODIC; RHAPSODIC
Rhap*sod"ic, Rhap*sod"ic a. Etym: [Gr. rhapsodique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; hence, confused; unconnected. — Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.

RHAPSODIST
Rhap"so*dist, n. Etym: [From Rhapsody.]

1. Anciently, one who recited or composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession was to recite the verses of Hormer and other epic poets.

2. Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who makes and repeats verses extempore. The same populace sit for hours listening to rhapsodists who recite Ariosto. Carlyle.

3. One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement or affectation of feeling. I. Watts.

RHAPSODIZE
Rhap"so*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rhapsodized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rhapsodizing.]

Defn: To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody Sterne.

RHAPSODIZE
Rhap"so*dize, v. i.

Defn: To utter rhapsodies. Jefferson.

RHAPSODOMANCY
Rhap"so*do*man`cy, n. Etym: [Rhapsody + -mancy.]

Defn: Divination by means of verses.

RHAPSODY
Rhap"so*dy, n.; pl. Rhapsodies. Etym: [F. rhapsodie, L. rhapsodia,
Gr. Ode.]

1. A recitation or song of a rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the Odyssey; — called also a book.

2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling composition. "A rhapsody of words." Shak. "A rhapsody of tales." Locke.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as,
Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies."

RHATANY; RHATANHY
Rhat"a*ny, Rhat"an*hy, n. Etym: [Sp. ratania, rataña, Peruv. rataña.]

Defn: The powerfully astringent root of a half-shrubby Peruvian plant
(Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine.
[Written also ratany.] Savanilla rhatany, the root of Krameria Ixina,
a native of New Granada.

RHEA
Rhe"a, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth plant, under
Grass.

RHEA
Rhe"a, n. Etym: [L., a proper name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of three species of large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich.

Note: The common rhea, or nandou (Rhea Americana), ranges from Brazil to Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee.

RHEAE
Rhe"æ, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of struthious birds including the rheas.

RHEEBOC
Rhee"boc, n. Etym: [D. reebok roebuck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peele. [Written also reebok.]

RHEIC
Rhe"ic, a. Etym: [NL. Rheum rhubarb, Gr. Rhubarb.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic acid) found in rhubarb (Rheum). [Obsoles.]

RHEIN
Rhe"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Chrysophanic acid.

RHEINBERRY
Rhein"ber*ry, n. Etym: [G. rheinbeere.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn itself.

RHEMATIC
Rhe*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Rhetoric.] (Gram.)

Defn: Having a verb for its base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic adjectives. Ftzed. Hall.

RHEMATIC
Rhe*mat"ic, n.

Defn: The doctrine of propositions or sentences. Coleridge.

RHEMISH
Rhemish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France. Rhemish
Testament, the English version of the New Testament used by Roman
Catholics. See Douay Bible.

RHENISH
Rhen"ish, a. Etym: [L. Rhenus the Rhine. ]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the river Rhine; as, Rhenish wine.
— n.

Defn: Rhine wine.

RHEOCHORD
Rhe"o*chord, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: A metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit, or varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting a greater or less length of it in the circuit.

RHEOCRAT
Rhe"o*crat, n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + kratei^n to rule.] (Elec.)

Defn: A kind of motor speed controller permitting of very gradual variation in speed and of reverse. It is especially suitable for use with motor driven machine tools.

RHEOMETER
Rhe*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] [Written also reometer.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring currents, especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a galvanometer.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood current in the arteries.

RHEOMETRIC
Rhe`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry. Lardner.

RHEOMETRY
Rhe*om"e*try, n.

1. The measurement of the force or intensity of currents.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The calculus; fluxions. [R.]

RHEOMOTOR
Rhe"o*mo`tor, n. Etym: [Gr.motor.] (Elec.)

Defn: Any apparatus by which an electrical current is originated.
[R.]

RHEOPHORE Rhe"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.) (a) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed by a current. (b) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode.

RHEOSCOPE
Rhe"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for detecting the presence or movement of currents, as of electricity.

RHEOSTAT
Rhe"o*stat, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: A contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which can be varied at will. Wheatstone. —Rhe`o*stat"ic, a.

RHEOTOME
Rhe"o*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an electric current. Wheatstone.

RHEOTROPE
Rhe"o*trope, n. Etym: [Gr. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric current. [Written also reotrope.]

RHESUS
Rhe"sus, n. Etym: [L. Rhesus, a proper name, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A monkey; the bhunder.

RHETIAN
Rhe"ti*an, a. Etym: [L. Rhaetius, Raetius: cf. F. rhétien.]

Defn: Pertaining to the ancient Rhæti, or Rhætians, or to Rhætia, their country; as, the Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons.

RHETIC
Rhe"tic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Rhætic.

RHETIZITE
Rhe"ti*zite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Rhætizite.

RHETOR
Rhe"tor, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A rhetorician. [Obs.] Hammond.

RHETORIC
Rhet"o*ric, n. Etym: [F. rhétorique, L. rhetorica, Gr. word; cf.

1. The art of composition; especially, elegant composition in prose.

2. Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force. Locke.

3. Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation without conviction or earnest feeling.

4. Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or charms. Sweet, silent rhetoric of persuading eyes. Daniel.

RHETORICAL
Rhe*tor"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. rhetoricus, Gr. Rhetoric.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; oratorical; as, the rhetorical art; a rhetorical treatise; a rhetorical flourish. They permit him to leave their poetical taste ungratified, provided that he gratifies their rhetorical sense. M. Arnold. — Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly, adv. — Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness, n.

RHETORICATE
Rhe*tor"i*cate, v. i. Etym: [L. rhetoricari. See Rhetoric.]

Defn: To play the orator. [Obs.] South.

RHETORICATION
Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rhétorication.]

Defn: Rhetorical amplification. [Obs.] Waterland.

RHETORICIAN
Rhet`o*ri"cian, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rhétoricien.]

1. One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric. The understanding is that by which a man becomes a mere logician and a mere rhetorician. F. W. Robertson.

2. A teacher of rhetoric. The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, which ever had young auditors, lived till they were an hundred years old. Bacon.

3. An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without genuine eloquence; a declaimer. Macaulay.

RHETORICIAN
Rhet`o*ri"cian, a.

Defn: Suitable to a master of rhetoric. "With rhetorician pride."
Blackmore.

RHETORIZE
Rhet"o*rize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rhetorized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rhetorizing.]

Defn: To play the orator. Colgrave.

RHETORIZE
Rhet"o*rize, v. t.

Defn: To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by personification.
Milton.

RHEUM Rhe"um, n. Etym: [NL., from L. Rha the river Volga, on the banks of which it grows. See Rhubarb.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants. See Rhubarb.

RHEUM Rheum, n. Etym: [OF. reume, rheume, F. rhume a cold,, L. rheuma rheum, from Gr. stream. See Stream, n., and cf. Hemorrhoids.] (Med.)

Defn: A serous or mucous discharge, especially one from the eves or
nose.
I have a rheum in mine eyes too. Shak.
Salt rheum. (Med.) See Salt rheum, in the Vocab.

RHEUMATIC
Rheu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. rheumaticus, F. rhumatique. See Rheum,
Rheumatism.]

1. Derived from, or having the character of, rheum; rheumic. [Obs.]

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains or affections; affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic old man; causing rheumatism; as, a rheumatic day. That rheumatic diseases do abound. Shak.

RHEUMATIC
Rheu*mat"ic, n.

Defn: One affected with rheumatism.

RHEUMATISM Rheu"ma*tism, n. Etym: [L. rheumatismus rheum, Gr. rheumatisme. See 2d Rheum.] (Med.)

Defn: A general disease characterized by painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting the joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, as the heart. Inflammatory rheumatism (Med.), acute rheumatism attended with fever, and attacking usually the larger joints, which become swollen, hot, and very painful. — Rheumatism root. (Bot.) See Twinleaf.

RHEUMATISMAL
Rheu`ma*tis"mal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rheumatism.

RHEUMATISMOID
Rheu`ma*tis"moid, a. Etym: [Rheumatism + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Of or resembling rheum or rheumatism.

RHEUMIC
Rheum"ic, a. (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum. Rheumic diathesis.
See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous.

RHEUMIDES
Rheu"mi*des, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Rheum.] (Med.)

Defn: The class of skin disease developed by the dartrous diathesis.
See under Dartrous.

RHEUMY
Rheum"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, rheum;
affected with rheum.
His head and rheumy eyes distill in showers. Dryden.
And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air To add unto his sickness. Shak.

RHIGOLENE
Rhig"o*lene, n. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between gsolene and cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of crude petroleum, and is used as a refregerant.

RHIME
Rhime, n.

Defn: See Rhyme. [Obs.]

RHINAL
Rhi"nal, a. Etym: [Gr (Anat.)

Defn: Og or pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs.

RHINASTER
Rhi*nas"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The borele.

RHINE
Rhine, n. Etym: [AS. ryne. See Run.]

Defn: A water course; a ditch. [Written also rean.] [Prov. Eng.]
Macaulay.

RHINENCEPHALIC
Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhinencephalon.

RHINENCEPHALON
Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon, n.; pl. Rhinencephala. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon, consisting of the two olfactory lobes from which the olfactory nerves arise.

Note: The term is sometimes used for one of the olfactory lobes, the plural being used for the two taken together.

RHINESTONE
Rhine"stone`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. rheinkiesel Rhine quartz.]

Defn: A colorless stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive ornament.

RHINITIS
Rhi*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nostrils.

RHINO
Rhi*no, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Gold and silver, or money. [Cant] W. Wagstaffe.
As long as the rhino lasted. Marryat.

RHINO-
Rhi"no-.

Defn: A combining form from Greek the nose, as in rhinolith, rhinology.

RHINOCERIAL; RHINOCERICAL
Rhi`no*ce"ri*al, Rhi`no*cer"ic*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn. Tatler.

RHINOCEROS
Rhi*noc"e*ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. rhinocéros. See Horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any pachyderm belonging to the genera Rhinoceros, Atelodus, and several allied genera of the family Rhinocerotidæ, of which several living, and many extinct, species are known. They are large and powerful, and usually have either one or two stout conical median horns on the snout.

Note: The Indian, or white, and the Javan rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros Indicus and R. Sondaicus) have incisor and canine teeth, but only one horn, and the very thick skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or three African species belong to Atelodus, and have two horns, but lack the dermal folds, and the incisor and canine teeth. The two Malay, or East Indian, two-horned species belong to Ceratohinus, in which incisor and canine teeth are present. See Borele, and Keitloa. Rhinoceros auk (Zoöl.), an auk of the North Pacific (Cerorhina monocrata) which has a deciduous horn on top of the bill. — Rhinoceros beetle (Zoöl.), a very large beetle of the genus Dynastes, having a horn on the head. — Rhinoceros bird. (Zoöl.) (a) A large hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), native of the East Indies. It has a large hollow hornlike process on the bill. Called also rhinoceros hornbill. See Hornbill. (b) An African beefeater (Buphaga Africana). It alights on the back of the rhinoceros in search of parasitic insects.

RHINOCEROTE
Rhi*noc"e*rote, n.

Defn: A rhinoceros. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

RHINOCEROTIC
Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros. [R.]

RHINOLITE; RHINOLITH
Rhi"no*lite Rhi"no*lith, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -lite, -lith.] (Med.)

Defn: A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose.

RHINOLOGICAL
Rhi`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhinology.

RHINOLOGIST
Rhi*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One skilled in rhinology.

RHINOLOGY
Rhi*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the nose, and its diseases.

RHINOLOPHID
Rhi*nol"o*phid, n. Etym: [Rhino- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Rhinilophus, or family Rhinolophidæ, having a horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat.

RHINOLOPHINE
Rhi*nol"o*phine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, or horseshoe bats.

RHINOPHORE
Rhi"no*phore, n. Etym: [Rhino- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head or neck of a nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are usually retractile, and often transversely furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory organs. Called also dorsal tentacles. See Illust. under Pygobranchia, and Opisthobranchia.

RHINOPLASTIC
Rhi`no*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Rhino- + -plastic: cf. F. rhinoplastique.]
(Surg.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic operation.

RHINOPLASTY
Rhi"no*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -plasty: cf. F. rhinoplastie.]

Defn: Plastic surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. Tissue may be transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, etc., or even from another person.

RHINOPOME
Rhi"no*pome, n. Etym: [Rhino- + Gr. pw^ma a lid. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any old-world bat of the genus Rhinopoma. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs.

RHINOSCLEROMA
Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma, n. Etym: [Rhino- + scleroma.] (Med.)

Defn: A rare disease of the skin, characterized by the development of very hard, more or less flattened, prominences, appearing first upon the nose and subsequently upon the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and throat. J. V. Shoemaker.

RHINOSCOPE
Rhi"no*scope, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -scope.]

Defn: A small mirror for use in rhinoscopy.

RHINOSCOPIC
Rhi`no*scop"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy.

RHINOSCOPY
Rhi*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Rhino- + -scopy.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The examination or study of the soft palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the pharynx.

RHINOTHECA
Rhi`no*the"ca, n.; pl. Rhinothecæ. Etym: [NL., from gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sheath of the upper mandible of a bird.

RHIPIDOGLOSSA
Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropod mollusks having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in each transverse row. It includes the scutibranchs. See Illustration in Appendix.

RHIPIPTER
Rhi*pip"ter, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhipiptera, a group of insects having wings which fold like a fan; a strepsipter.

RHIPIPTERAN
Rhi*pip"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rhipipter.

RHIZANTHOUS
Rhi*zan"thous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a root.

RHIZINE
Rhi"zine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid.

RHIZOCARPOUS
Rhi`zo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering stems; — said of all perennial herbs.

RHIZOCEPHALA
Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites of
Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head. See
Illusration in Appendix.

RHIZODONT
Rhiz"o*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the crocodile.

RHIZOGAN
Rhiz"o*gan, a. Etym: [Gr. -gen: cf. F. rhizogène.] (Bot.)

Defn: Prodicing roots.

RHIZOGEN
Rhiz"o*gen, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of a proposed class of flowering plants growning on the roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage.

RHIZOID
Rhi"zoid, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rootlike appendage.

RHIZOMA
Rhi*zo"ma, n.; pl. Rhizomata. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: SAme as Rhizome.

RHIZOMATOUS
Rhi*zo"ma*tous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the nature or habit of a rhizome or rootstock.

RHIZOME
Rhi*zome", n. Etym: [Gr. rhizome.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rootstock. See Rootstock.

RHIZOPHAGA
Rhi*zoph"a*ga, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marsupials. The wombat is the type.

RHIZOPHAGOUS
Rhi*zoph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Feeding on roots; root-eating.

RHIZOPHORA
Rhi*zoph"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Rhizophorous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the mangrove. See Mangrove.

RHIZOPHOROUS
Rhi*zoph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing roots.

RHIZOPOD
Rhiz"o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhizopoda.

Note: The rhizopods belonging to the Radiolaria and Foraminifera have been of great geological importance, especially in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods. Chalk is mostly made from the shells of Foraminifera. The nummulites are the principal ingredient of a limestone which is of great extent in Europe and Asia, and is the material of which some of the pyramids of Egypt are made. The shells are abundant in deepsea mud, and are mostly minute, seldom larger than a small grain of sand, except in the case of the nummulities, which are sometimes an inch in diameter.

RHIZOPODA
Rhi*zop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their food. The principal groups are Lobosa (or Amoebea), Helizoa, Radiolaria, and Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See Protozoa.

RHIZOPODOUS
Rhi*zop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rhizopods.

RHIZOSTOMATA
Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta, n.pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Medusæ which includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but having large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See Illust. in Appendix.

RHIZOSTOME
Rhiz"o*stome, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhizostomata.

RHIZOTAXIS
Rhi`zo*tax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of the roots of plants.

RHOB
Rhob, n.

Defn: See 1st Rob.

RHODAMMONIUM
Rho`dam*mo"ni*um, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, rhodium and ammonia; — said of certain complex compounds.

RHODANATE
Rho"da*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate. [Obsoles.]

RHODANIC
Rho*dan"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called sulphocyanic acid) which frms a red color with ferric salts. [Obsoles.]

RHODEORETIN
Rho`de*o*re"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Convolvuln.

RHODIAN
Rho"di*an, a. Etym: [L. Rhodius: cf. F. rhodien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Rhodes.

RHODIC
Rho"dic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing rhodium.

RHODIUM
Rho"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ro`don the rose. So called from
the rose-red color of certain of its solutions. See Rhododendron.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in platinum ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1. Specific gravity 12.

RHODIZONIC
Rho`di*zon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance (called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from potassium carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, and purple salts.

RHODOCHROSITE
Rho`do*chro"site, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose + (Min.)

Defn: Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral cleavage like calcite; — called also dialogite.

RHODOCRINITE
Rho*doc"ri*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don rose + (Paleon.)

Defn: A rose encrinite.

RHODODENDRON Rho`do*den"dron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. "rodo`dendron, literally, rose tree; "ro`don rose + de`ndron tree. See Rose.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay.

RHODOMONTADE
Rhod`o*mon*tade", n.

Defn: See Rodomontade.

RHODOMONTADER
Rhod`o*mon*tad"er, n.

Defn: See Rodomontador.

RHODONITE
Rho"don*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose. ] (Min.)

Defn: Manganese spar, or silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring crystallised and in rose-red masses. It is often used as an ornamental stone.

RHODOPHANE
Rho"do*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose + (Physiol.)

Defn: The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones of the retina in animals. See Chromophane. W. KÜhne.

RHODOPSIN
Rho*dop"sin, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don rose + "w`ps eye.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The visual purple. See under Visual.

RHODOSPERM
Rho"do*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. "ro`don the rose + spe`rma a seed.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Any seaweed with red spores.

Note: As the name of a subclass, Rhodosperms, or Rhodospermeæ, is synonymous with Florideæ (which see.)

RHOMB
Rhomb, n. Etym: [L. rhombus, Gr. wrench: cf. F. rhombe. Cf. Rhombus,
Rhumb.]

1. (Geom.)

Defn: An equilateral parallelogram, or quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case it is usually called a square.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A rhombohedron. Fresnel's rhomb (Opt.), a rhomb or oblique parallelopiped of crown or St. Gobain glass so cut that a ray of light entering one of its faces at right angles shall emerge at right angles at the opposite face, after undergoing within the rhomb, at other faces, two reflections. It is used to produce a ray circularly polarized from a plane-polarized ray, or the reverse. Nichol.

RHOMBIC
Rhom"bic, a.

1. Shaped like a rhomb.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Same as Orthorhombic.

RHOMBOGANOID
Rhom`bo*ga"noid, n. Etym: [Rhomb + ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ganoid fish having rhombic enameled scales; one of the
Rhomboganoidei.

RHOMBOGANOIDEI
Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i, n.pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ginglymodi.

RHOMBOGENE
Rhom"bo*gene, n. Etym: [Rhomb + root of Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; — opposed to nematogene. See Dicyemata. [Written also rhombogen.]

RHOMBOHEDRAL
Rhom`bo*he"dral, a. (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the rhombohedron and scalenohedron. Rhombohedral iron ore (Min.) See Hematite. — Rhombohedral system (Crystallog.), a division of the hexagonal system embracing the rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc.

RHOMBOHEDRIC
Rhom`bo*hed"ric, a. (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: Rhombohedral.

RHOMBOHEDRON
Rhom`bo*he"dron, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Geom. & Crystallog.)

Defn: A solid contained by six rhomboids; a parallelopiped.

RHOMBOID
Rhom"boid, n. Etym: [Gr. rhomboïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: An oblique-angled parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the opposite sides equal, the length and with being different.

RHOMBOID
Rhom"boid, a.

Defn: Same as Rhomboidal.

RHOMBOIDAL
Rhom*boid"al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rhomboïdal.]

Defn: Having, or approaching, the shape of a rhomboid.

RHOMBOIDES
Rhom*boid"es, n.

Defn: A rhomboid. [R.] Milton.

RHOMBOID-OVATE
Rhom`boid-o"vate, a.

Defn: Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape.

RHOMB SPAR
Rhomb" spar`. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of dolomite.

RHOMBUS
Rhom"bus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Same as Rhomb, 1.

RHONCHAL
Rhon`chal, a. (Med.)

Defn: Rhonchial.

RHONCHIAL
Rhon"chi*al, a. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi. Rhonchial fremitus. Etym: [L. fremitus a dull roaring or murmuring.] (Med.) A vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid upon its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in the bronchial tubes.

RHONCHISONANT Rhon*chis"o*nant, a. Etym: [L. rhonchus a snoring + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.]

Defn: Making a snorting noise; snorting. [R.]

RHONCHUS
Rhon"chus, n.; pl. Rhonchi. Etym: [L., a snoring, a croaking.] (Med.)

Defn: An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as equivalent to râle in its widest sense. See Râle.

RHOPALIC
Rho*pal"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. rhopalique.] (Pros.)

Defn: Applied to a line or verse in which each successive word has one more syllable than the preceding.

RHOPALIUM
Rho*pa"li*um, n.; pl. Rhopalia. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the marginal sensory bodies of medusæ belonging to the
Discophora.

RHOPALOCERA
Rhop`a*loc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Lepidoptera including all the butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped antennæ.

RHOTACISM Rho"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. "rwtaki`zein to use the letter r (r) overmuch: cf. F. rhotacisme.]

Defn: An oversounding, or a misuse, of the letter r; specifically (Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the Indo-European languages, to change s to r, as wese to were.

RHUBARB Rhu"barb, n. Etym: [F. rhubarbe, OF. rubarbe, rheubarbe, reubarbare, reobarbe, LL. rheubarbarum for rheum barbarum, Gr. Rha (the Volga) on whose banks it grew. Originally, therefore, it was the barbarian plant from the Rha. Cf. Barbarous, Rhaponticine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceæ.

2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also pieplant.

3. (Med.)

Defn: The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a cathartic medicine. Monk's rhubarb. (Bot.) See under Monk. — Turkey rhubarb (Med.), the roots of Rheum Emodi.

RHUBARBY
Rhu"barb*y, a.

Defn: Like rhubarb.

RHUMB
Rhumb, n. Etym: [F. rumb, Sp. rumbo, or Pg. rumbo, rumo, probably fr.
Gr. Rhomb.] (Navigation)

Defn: A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; — called also rhumb line, and loxodromic curve. See Loxodromic. To sail on a rhumb, to sail continuously on one course, following a rhumb line.

RHUS
Rhus, n. Etym: [L., sumac, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs and small treets. See Sumac.

RHUSMA
Rhus"ma, n. Etym: [See Rusma.]

Defn: A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, — used in the depilation of hides. Knight.

RHYME Rhyme, n. Etym: [OE. ryme, rime, AS. rim number; akin to OHG. rim number, succession, series, G. reim rhyme. The modern sense is due to the influence of F. rime, which is of German origin, and originally the same word.] [The Old English spelling rime is becoming again common. See Note under Prime.]

1. An expression of thought in numbers, measure, or verse; a composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of language. "Railing rhymes." Daniel. A ryme I learned long ago. Chaucer. He knew Himself to sing, and build the lofty rime. Milton.

2. (Pros.)

Defn: Correspondence of sound in the terminating words or syllables of two or more verses, one succeeding another immediately or at no great distance. The words or syllables so used must not begin with the same consonant, or if one begins with a vowel the other must begin with a consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be any. For rhyme with reason may dispense, And sound has right to govern sense. Prior.

3. Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each other; a couplet; a poem containing rhymes.

4. A word answering in sound to another word. Female rhyme. See under Female. — Male rhyme. See under Male. — Rhyme or reason, sound or sense. — Rhyme royal (Pros.), a stanza of seven decasyllabic verses, of which the first and third, the second, fourth, and fifth, and the sixth and seventh rhyme.

RHYME
Rhyme, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rhymed;p. pr. & vb. n. Rhyming.] Etym:
[OE. rimen, rymen, AS. riman to count: cf. F. rimer to rhyme. See
Rhyme, n.]

1. To make rhymes, or verses. "Thou shalt no longer ryme." Chaucer. There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side, Who rhymed for hire, and patronized for pride. Pope.

2. To accord in rhyme or sound. And, if they rhymed and rattled, all was well. Dryden.

RHYME
Rhyme, v. t.

1. To put into rhyme. Sir T. Wilson.

2. To influence by rhyme. Hearken to a verser, who may chance Rhyme thee to good. Herbert.

RHYMELESS
Rhyme"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rhyme. Bp. Hall.

RHYMER
Rhym"er, n.

Defn: One who makes rhymes; a versifier; — generally in contempt; a
poor poet; a poetaster.
This would make them soon perceive what despicaple creatures our
common rhymers and playwriters be. Milton.

RHYMERY
Rhym"er*y, n.

Defn: The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; — in contempt.

RHYMESTER
Rhyme"ster, n.

Defn: A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry. Bp. Hall. Byron.

RHYMIC
Rhym"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to rhyme.

RHYMIST
Rhym"ist, n.

Defn: A rhymer; a rhymester. Johnston.

RHYNCHOBDELLEA
Rhyn`chob*del"le*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of leeches including those that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the type.

RHYNCHOCEPHALA
Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebræ, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the earliest of reptiles. See Hatteria. Called also Rhynchocephalia.

RHYNCHOCOELA
Rhyn`cho*coe"la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Nemertina.
— Rhyn`cho*coe"lous, a.

RHYNCHOLITE
Rhyn"cho*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lie: cf. F. rhyncholithe.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cephalopod beak.

RHYNCHONELLA
Rhyn`cho*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of brachiopods of which some species are still living, while many are found fossil.

RHYNCHOPHORA
Rhyn*choph"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the snout beetles, curculios, or weevils.

RHYNCHOPHORE
Rhyn"cho*phore, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rhynchophora.

RHYNCHOTA
Rhyn*cho"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hemiptera. [Written also Rhyncota.]

RHYOLITE
Rhy"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal
structure.
— Rhy`o*lit"ic, a.

RHYPAROGRAPHY Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. "ryparo`s filthy, dirty + gra`fein to write, paint.]

Defn: In ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures.

RHYSIMETER
Rhy*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument, acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the velocity of a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc.

RHYTHM
Rhythm, n. Etym: [F. rhythme, rythme, L. rhythmus, fr. GR. Stream.]

1. In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of accent; the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and expression of the music; symmetry of movement and accent. Moore (Encyc. )

3. A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of arses and theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or syllables.

4. The harmonious flow of vocal sounds.

RHYTHMER
Rhyth"mer, n.

Defn: One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic rhythm or meter. [R.]
One now scarce counted a rhythmer, formerly admitted for a poet.
Fuller.

RHYTHMIC; RHYTHMICAL
Rhyth"mic, Rhyth"mic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm
DAy and night I worked my rhythmic thought. Mrs. Browning.
Rhythmical accent. (Mus.) See Accent, n., 6 (c).

RHYTHMICALLY
Rhyth"mic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rhythmical manner.

RHYTHMICS
Rhyth"mics, n.

Defn: The department of musical science which treats of the length of sounds.

RHYTHMING
Rhyth"ming, a.

Defn: Writing rhythm; verse making. "The rhythming monk." Fuller.

RHYTHMLESS
Rhythm"less, a.

Defn: Being without rhythm. Coleridge.

RHYTHMOMETER
Rhyth*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Rhythm + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for marking time in musical movements. See
Metronome.

RHYTHMUS
Rhyth"mus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Rhythm.

RHYTINA
Rhyt"i*na, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rytina.

RIAL
Ri"al (, n.

Defn: A Spanish coin. See Real. [Obs.]

RIAL
Ri*al", a.

Defn: Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RIAL
Ri"al, n. Etym: [From Royal.]

Defn: A gold coin formerly current in England, of the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. [Spelt also ryal.] Brande & C.

RIANT
Ri`ant", a. Etym: [F. riant, p. pr. of rire to laugh, L. ridere.]

Defn: Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful to
the view, as a landscape.
In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other sources,
with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light and riant.
Burke.

RIB Rib, n. Etym: [AS. rib, ribb; akin to D. rib, G. rippe, OHG. rippa, rippi, Dan. ribbe, Icel. rif, Russ. rebro.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax.

Note: In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called asternal, or false, ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See Thorax.

2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically: (a) (Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach. & Structures)

Defn: A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it. (c) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended. (d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. (e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double- barreled gun.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. (b) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.

4. (Arch.) (a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like. (b) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.

5. (Mining) (a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. (b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Raymond.

6. A wife; — in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib.
[Familiar & Sportive]
How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own
rib. Bp. Hall.
Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See
Chuck.
— Fore ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin.
— Middle rib, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore
ribs.
— Rib grass. (Bot.) Same as Ribwort.

RIB
Rib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ribbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ribbing.]

1. To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib cloth.

2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in. It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave. Shak. To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the furrows in plowing.

RIBALD
Rib"ald, n./ Etym: [OE. ribald, ribaud, F. ribaud, OF. ribald,
ribault, LL. ribaldus, of German origin; cf. OHG hripa prostitute.
For the ending -ald cf. E. Herald.]

Defn: A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd fellow. Spenser. Pope. Ribald was almost a class name in the feudal system . . . He was his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is not to be wondered at that the word rapidly became a synonym for everything ruffianly and brutal. Earle.

RIBALD
Rib"ald, a.

Defn: Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene.
The busy day, Waked by the lark, hath roused the ribald crows. Shak.

RIBALDISH
Rib"ald*ish, a.

Defn: Like a ribald. Bp. Hall.

RIBALDROUS
Rib"ald*rous, a.

Defn: Of a ribald quality. [R.]

RIBALDRY Rib"ald*ry, n. Etym: [OE. ribaldrie, ribaudrie, OF. ribalderie, ribauderie.]

Defn: The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity; lewdness; — now chiefly applied to indecent language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct. The ribaldry of his conversation moved Macaulay.

RIBAN
Rib"an, n.

Defn: See Ribbon. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

RIBAND
Rib"and, n.

Defn: See Ribbon. Riband jasper (Min.), a variety of jasper having stripes of different colors, as red and green.

RIBAND
Rib"and, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Rib-band. Totten.

RIBANDED
Rib"and*ed, a.

Defn: Ribboned. B. Jonson.

RIBAUD
Rib"aud, n.

Defn: A ribald. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

RIBAUDEQUIN
Ri*bau"de*quin, n. Etym: [F.]

1. An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with small cannon.

2. A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting javelins.

RIBAUDRED; RIBAUDROUS
Rib"aud*red, Rib"aud*rous, a.

Defn: Filthy; obscene; ribald. [Obs.]

RIBAUDRY
Rib"aud*ry, n.

Defn: Ribaldry. [Obs.] Spenser.

RIBAUDY
Rib"aud*y, n.

Defn: Ribaldry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RIBAULD
Rib"auld, n.

Defn: A ribald. [Obs.] Spenser.

RIBBAND
Rib"band, n.

Defn: A ribbon. Pope.

RIBBAND Rib"*band`, n. Etym: [Rib + band.] Etym: [Written also riband, and ribbon.] (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give rigidity to the framework. Rib-band lines, oblique longitudinal sectionss of the hull of a vessel. Knight.

RIBBED
Ribbed, a.

1. Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder; ribbed cloth.

2. (Mining)

Defn: Intercalated with slate; — said of a seam of coal. Raymond.

RIBBING
Rib"bing, n.

Defn: An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.

RIBBON
Rib"bon, n. Etym: [OE. riban, OF. riban, F. ruban, probably of German
origin; cf. D. ringband collar, necklace, E. ring circle, and band.]
[Written also riband, ribband.]

1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes.

2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn to ribbons.

3. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Same as Rib-band.

4. pl.

Defn: Driving reins. [Cant] London Athenæum.

5. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide.

6. (Spinning)

Defn: A silver.

Note: The blue ribbon, and The red ribbon, are phrases often used to designate the British orders of the Garter and of the Bath, respectively, the badges of which are suspended by ribbons of these colors. See Blue ribbon, under Blue. Ribbon fish. (Zoöl.) (a) Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the family Trachypteridæ, especially the species of the genus Trachypterus, and the oarfish (Regelecus Banksii) of the North Atlantic, which is sometimes over twenty feet long. (b) The hairtail, or bladefish. (c) A small compressed marine fish of the genus Cepola, having a long, slender, tapering tail. The European species (C. rubescens) is light red throughout. Called also band fish. — Ribbon grass (Bot.), a variety of reed canary grass having the leaves stripped with green and white; — called also Lady's garters. See Reed grass, under Reed. — Ribbon seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Histriophoca fasciata). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously banded and striped with yellowish white. — Ribbon snake (Zoöl.), a common North American snake (Eutainia saurita). It is conspicuously striped with bright yellow and dark brown. — Ribbon Society, a society in Ireland, founded in the early part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers banded together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from the green ribbon worn by members as a badge. — Ribborn worm. (Zoöl.) (a) A tapeworm. (b) A nemertean.

RIBBON
Rib"bon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ribboned; p. pr. & vb. n. Ribboning.]

Defn: To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons.

RIBBONISM
Rib"bon*ism, n.

Defn: The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See Ribbon
Society, under Ribbon.

RIBBONMAN
Rib"bon*man, n; pl. -men.

Defn: A member of the Ribbon Society. See Ribbon Society, under
Ribbon.

RIBBONWOOD
Rib"bon*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A malvaceous tree (Hoheria populnea) of New Zealand, the bark of which is used for cordage.

RIBES Ri"bes, n.Etym: [NL.; cf. Dan. ribs, and Ar. ribas a plant with an acid juice.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many kinds.

RIBIBE
Rib"ibe, n. Etym: [See Rebec.]

1. A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. [Obs.] Nares.

2. An old woman; — in contempt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A bawd; a prostitute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

RIBIBLE
Rib"i*ble, n. Etym: [See Ribibe.]

Defn: A small threestringed viol; a rebec. Moore (Encyc. of Music).
All can be play on gittern or ribible. Chaucer.

RIBLESS
Rib"less, a.

Defn: Having no ribs.

RIBROAST
Rib"roast`, v. t.

Defn: To beat soundly. [Slang]

RIBWORT
Rib"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) with long, narrow, ribbed leaves; — called also rib grass, ripple grass, ribwort plantain.

-RIC -ric. Etym: [AS rice kingdom, dominion. See Rich.]

Defn: A suffix signifying dominion, jurisdiction; as, bishopric, the district over which a bishop exercises authority.

RICE Rice, n. Etym: [F. riz (cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L. oryza, Gr. brizi, akin to Skr. vrihi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf. Rye.] (Bot.)

Defn: A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ant rice. (Bot.) See under Ant. — French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn. — Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass (Zizania aquatica), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc. — Mountain rice, any species of an American genus (Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice. — Rice bunting. (Zoöl.) Same as Ricebird. — Rice hen (Zoöl.), the Florida gallinule. — Rice mouse (Zoöl.), a large dark-colored field mouse (Calomys palistris) of the Southern United States. — Rice paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, - - used for painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a large herb (Fatsia papyrifera, related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under pressure. Called also pith paper. — Rice troupial (Zoöl.), the bobolink. — Rice water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity of rice in water. — Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in cholera. — Rice weevil (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Calandra, or Sitophilus, oryzæ) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by eating out the interior; — called also black weevil.

RICEBIRD Rice"bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The Java sparrow. (b) The bobolink.

RICE-SHELL
Rice"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine shells of the genus Olivella.

RICH Rich, (rîch), a. [Compar. Richer (; superl. Richest.] Etym: [OE. riche, AS. rice rich, powerful; akin to OS. riki, D. rijk, G. reich, OHG. rihhi, Icel. rikr, Sw. rik, Dan. rig, Goth. reiks; from a word meaning, ruler, king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and akin to L. rex, regis, king, regere to guide, rule. sq. root283. See Right, and cf. Derrick, Enrich, Rajah, Riches, Royal.]

1. Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; — opposed to Ant: poor. "Rich merchants." Chaucer. The rich [person] hath many friends. Prov. xiv. 20. As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich burgher. Milton.

2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop. If life be short, it shall be glorious; Each minute shall be rich in some great action. Rowe. The gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold. Milton.

3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as, rich soil or land; a rich mine.

4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as, a rich dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents. Like to rich and various gems. Milton.

5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; — especially applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high- flavored; as, a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit. Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India. Baker.

6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color.

7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich music.

8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich scenery.

9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as, the scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Note: Rich is sometimes used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, rich-fleeced, rich-jeweled, rich-laden, rich-stained.

Syn. — Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant; plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious; generous; luscious.

RICH
Rich, v. t.

Defn: To enrich. [Obs.] Gower.

RICHES
Rich"es, n. pl. Etym: [OE. richesse, F. richesse, from riche rich, of
German origin. See Rich,a.]

1. That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence. Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion, than our neighbors. Locke.

2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like. The riche of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. Milton.

Note: Richesse, the older form of this word, was in the singular number. The form riches, however, is plural in appearance, and has now come to be used as a plural. Against the richesses of this world shall they have misease of poverty. Chaucer. In one hour so great riches is come to nought. Rev. xviii. 17. And for that riches where is my deserving Shak.

Syn. — Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness; plenty; abundance.

RICHESSE
Rich"esse, n. Etym: [F. See Riches.]

Defn: Wealth; riches. See the Note under Riches. [Obs.]
Some man desireth for to have richesse. Chaucer.
The richesse of all heavenly grace. Spenser.

RICHLY
Rich"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rich manner.

RICHNESS
Rich"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the adjective).

RICHWEED
Rich"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb (Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family, having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; — called also clearweed.

RICINELAIDIC
Ric`in*e`la*id"ic, a. Etym: [Ricinoleic + elaidic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.

RICINELAIDIN
Ric`in*e*la"i*din, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with nitrous acid.

RICINIC
Ri*cin"ic, a. Etym: [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly, designating an acid now called ricinoleic acid.

RICININE
Ric"i*nine, n. Etym: [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil plant.

RICINOLEATE
Ric`in*o"le*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of ricinoleic acid; — formerly called palmate.

RICINOLEIC
Ric`in*o"le*ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance, Cricinolic.

RICINOLEIN
Ric`in*o"le*in, n. Etym: [L. ricinus castor-oil plant + oleum oil.]
(Chem.)

Defn: The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of castor oil; — formerly called palmin.

RICINOLIC
Ric`i*nol"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Ricinoleic.

RICINUS
Ric"i*nus (, n. Etym: [L., the castor-oil plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (R. communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three- celled, and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss expressed. See Palma Christi.

RICK
Rick, n. Etym: [OE. reek, rek, AS. hreác a heap; akin to hryce rick,
Icel. hraukr.]

Defn: A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open air, usually protected from wet with thatching. Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the hedgerows. G. Eliot.

RICK
Rick, v. t.

Defn: To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc.

RICKER
Rick"er, n.

Defn: A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat.

RICKETISH
Rick"et*ish, a.

Defn: Rickety. [Obs.] Fuller.

RICKETS Rick"ets, n. pl. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; but cf. AS. wrigian to bend, D. wrikken to shake, E. wriggle.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis.

RICKETY
Rick"et*y, a.

1. Affected with rickets.

2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky.

RICKRACK
Rick"rack`, n.

Defn: A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid.

RICKSTAND
Rick"stand`, n.

Defn: A flooring or framework on which a rick is made.

RICOCHET
Ric`o*chet", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along the surface of water. Ricochet firing (Mil.), the firing of guns or howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation of only a few degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to bound or skip along the ground.

RICOCHET
Ric`o*chet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ricochetted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ricochetting.]

Defn: To operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. [R.]

RICOCHET
Ric`o*chet", v. i.

Defn: To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, n.

RICTAL
Ric"tal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rictus; as, rictal bristles.

RICTURE Ric"ture, n. Etym: [L. ringi, rictus, to open wide the mouth, to gape.]

Defn: A gaping. [Obs.]

RICTUS
Ric"tus, n. Etym: [L., the aperture of the mouth.]

Defn: The gape of the mouth, as of birds; — often resricted to the corners of the mouth.

RID
Rid,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. [Archaic]
He rid to the end of the village, where he alighted. Thackeray.

RID
Rid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rid or Ridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Ridding.]
Etym: [OE. ridden, redden, AS. hreddan to deliver, liberate; akin to
D. & LG. redden, G. retten, Dan. redde, Sw. rädda, and perhaps to
Skr. to loosen.]

1. To save; to rescue; to deliver; — with out of. [Obs.] Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand of the wicked. Ps. lxxxii. 4.

2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; — followed by of. "Rid all the sea of pirates." Shak. In never ridded myself of an overmastering and brooding sense of some great calamity traveling toward me. De Quincey.

3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with;
to destroy. [Obs.]
I will red evil beasts out of the land. Lev. xxvi. 6.
Death's men, you have rid this sweet young prince! Shak.

4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. [R.]
"Willingness rids way." Shak.
Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if thieves were at our
tails. J. Webster.
To be rid of, to be free or delivered from.
— To get rid of, to get deliverance from; to free one's self from.

RIDABLE
Rid"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable road.

RIDDANCE
Rid"dance, n.

1. The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or out. Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field. Lev. xxiii. 22.

2. The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape. "Riddance from all adversity." Hooker.

RIDDEN
Rid"den,

Defn: p. p. of Ride.

RIDDER
Rid"der, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rids.

RIDDLE Rid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. ridil, AS. hridder; akin to G. reiter, L. cribrum, and to Gr. rein clean. See Crisis, Certain.]

1. A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or gravel from sand.

2. A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is drawn to straighten it.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riddled; p. pr. & vb. n. Riddling.]

1. To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel.

2. To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; as, a house riddled with shot.

RIDDLE Rid"dle, n. Etym: [For riddels, s being misunderstood as the plural ending; OE. ridels, redels. AS. rraadsel, G. räthsel; fr. AS. r to counsel or advise, also, to guess. sq. root116. Cf. Read.]

Defn: Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling. To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret, That solved the riddle which I had proposed. Milton. 'T was a strange riddle of a lady. Hudibras.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, v. t.

Defn: To explain; to solve; to unriddle.
Riddle me this, and guess him if you can. Dryden.

RIDDLE
Rid"dle, v. i.

Defn: To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. "Lysander riddels very prettily." Shak.

RIDDLER
Rid"dler, n.

Defn: One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.).

RIDDLER
Rid"dler, n.

Defn: One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles.

RIDDLING
Rid"dling, a.

Defn: Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle. "Riddling
triplets." Tennyson.
— Rid"dling, adv.

RIDE
Ride, v. i. [imp. Rode (rod) (Rid [rîd], archaic); p. p. Ridden (
(Rid, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n. Riding (.] Etym: [AS. ridan; akin to
LG. riden, D. rijden, G. reiten, OHG. ritan, Icel. riedha, Sw. rida,
Dan. ride; cf. L. raeda a carriage, which is from a Celtic word. Cf.
Road.]

1. To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse. To-morrow, when ye riden by the way. Chaucer. Let your master ride on before, and do you gallop after him. Swift.

2. To be borne in a carriage; as, to ride in a coach, in a car, and the like. See Synonym, below. The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by riding in gilden carriages, but by walking the streets with trains of servants. Macaulay.

3. To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie. Men once walked where ships at anchor ride. Dryden.

4. To be supported in motion; to rest. Strong as the exletree On which heaven rides. Shak. On whose foolish honesty My practices ride easy! Shak.

5. To manage a horse, as an equestrian. He rode, he fenced, he moved with graceful ease. Dryden.

6. To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; as, a horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast. To ride easy (Naut.), to lie at anchor without violent pitching or straining at the cables. — To ride hard (Naut.), to pitch violently. — To ride out. (a) To go upon a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To ride in the open air. [Colloq.] — To ride to hounds, to ride behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting.

Syn. — Drive. — Ride, Drive. Ride originally meant (and is so used throughout the English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a vehicle of any kind. At present in England, drive is the word applied in most cases to progress in a carriage; as, a drive around the park, etc.; while ride is appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems to sanction this distinction by giving "to travel on horseback" as the leading sense of ride; though he adds "to travel in a vehicle" as a secondary sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some extent; as, the queen rides to Parliament in her coach of state; to ride in an omnibus. "Will you ride over or drive" said Lord Willowby to his quest, after breakfast that morning. W. Black.

RIDE
Ride, v. t.

1. To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to ride a
bicycle.
[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air In whirlwind.
Milton.

2. To manage insolently at will; to domineer over. The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, cobblers, and brewers. Swift.

3. To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding. Tue only men that safe can ride Mine errands on the Scottish side. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Surg.)

Defn: To overlap (each other); — said of bones or fractured fragments. To ride a hobby, to have some favorite occupation or subject of talk. — To ride and tie, to take turn with another in labor and rest; — from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of whom rides the animal a certain distance, and then ties him for the use of the other, who is coming up on foot. Fielding. — To ride down. (a) To ride over; to trample down in riding; to overthrow by riding against; as, to ride down an enemy. (b) (Naut.) To bear down, as on a halyard when hoisting a sail. — To ride out (Naut.), to keep safe afloat during (a storm) while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea; as, to ride out the gale. to ride the lightning, (Colloq.) to be executed by electrocution in an electric chair.

RIDE
Ride, n.

1. The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.

2. A saddle horse. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

3. A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding.

RIDEAU
Ri*deau", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small ridge.

RIDEN
Rid"en, obs.

Defn: imp. pl. & p. p. of Ride. Chaucer.

RIDENT
Ri"dent, a. Etym: [L. ridens, p. pr. of ridere to laugh.]

Defn: Laughing. [R.] Thackeray.

RIDER
Rid"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, rides.

2. Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler. [Eng.]

3. One who breaks or manages a horse. Shak.

4. An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is imposed. After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a rider. Macaulay. This [question] was a rider which Mab found difficult to answer. A. S. Hardy.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on an examination paper.

6. Etym: [D. rijder.]

Defn: A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on horseback
stamped upon it.
His moldy money ! half a dozen riders. J. Fletcher.

7. (Mining)

Defn: Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it.

8. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, reaching from the keelson to the beame of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame. Totten.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold.

10. A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a steelyard.

11. A robber. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Drummond. Rider's bone (Med.), a bony deposit in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh, due to the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in riding.

RIDERLESS
Rid"er*less, a.

Defn: Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. H. Kingsley.

RIDGE Ridge, n. Etym: [OE. rigge the back, AS. hrycg; akin to D. rug, G. rÜcken, OHG. rucki, hrukki, Icel. hryggr, Sw. rugg, Dan. ryg. sq. root16.]

1. The back, or top of the back; a crest. Hudibras.

2. A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys. "The frozen ridges of the Alps." Shak. Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct. Milton.

3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.

5. (Fort.)

Defn: The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way. Stocqueler.

RIDGE
Ridge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ridging.]

1. To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make
into a ridge or ridges.
Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back Of chafed wild boars.
Milton.

2. To form into ridges with the plow, as land.

3. To wrinkle. "With a forehead ridged." Cowper.

RIDGEBAND
Ridge"band`, n.

Defn: The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, and supports the shafts of a cart; — called also ridgerope, and ridger. Halliwell.

RIDGEBONE
Ridge"bone`, n.

Defn: The backbone. [Obs.]
Blood . . . lying cluttered about the ridgebone. Holland.

RIDGEL
Ridg"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Ridgelling.

RIDGELET
Ridge"let, n.

Defn: A little ridge.

RIDGELING Ridge"ling, n. Etym: [Prov. E. riggilt, riggot, ananimal half castrated, a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. rigel, rig, a barrow hog, rigler a cock half castrated.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A half-castrated male animal.

RIDGEPIECE; RIDGEPLATE
Ridge"piece`, Ridge"plate`, n.

Defn: See Ridgepole.

RIDGEPOLE
Ridge"pole`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The timber forming the ridge of a roof, into which the rafters are secured.

RIDGEROPE
Ridge"rope`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Life line (a), under Life.

RIDGINGLY
Ridg"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to form ridges.

RIDGY
Ridg"y, a.

Defn: Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. "Lifted on a ridgy wave." Pope.

RIDICLE
Rid"i*cle, n.

Defn: Ridicule. [Obs.] Foxe.

RIDICULE Rid"i*cule, n. Etym: [F. ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr. ridiculus. See Ridiculous.]

1. An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing matter. [Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made him the ridicule of his contemporaries. Buckle. To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a ridicule. Foxe.

2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of laughter; banter; — a term lighter than derision. We have in great measure restricted the meaning of ridicule, which would properly extend over whole region of the ridiculous, — the laughable, — and we have narrowed it so that in common usage it mostly corresponds to "derision", which does indeed involve personal and offensive feelings. Hare. Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne, Yet touched and shamed by ridicule alone. Pope.

3. Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. [Obs.] To see the ridicule of this practice. Addison.

Syn. — Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony; satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer. — Ridicule, Derision, Both words imply disapprobation; but ridicule usually signifies good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest malice, while derision is commonly bitter and scornful, and sometimes malignant.

RIDICULE
Rid"i*cule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridiculed;p. pr. & vb. n.
Ridiculing.]

Defn: To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule
toward or respecting.
I 've known the young, who ridiculed his rage. Goldsmith.

Syn.
— To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize; lampoon. See
Deride.

RIDICULE
Rid"i*cule, a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Ridiculous. [Obs.]
This action . . . became so ridicule. Aubrey.

RIDICULER
Rid"i*cu`ler, n.

Defn: One who ridicules.

RIDICULIZE
Ri*dic"u*lize, v. t.

Defn: To make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.] Chapman.

RIDICULOSITY
Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also, something ridiculous. [Archaic] Bailey.

RIDICULOUS Ri*dic"u*lous, a. Etym: [L. ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr. ridere to laigh. Cf. Risible.]

1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or behavior. Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy glaives ill pointed would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and close, commanded three Batavian cohorts . . . to draw up and come to handy strokes. Milton.

2. Involving or expressing ridicule. [r.] [It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling. Shak.

Syn.
— Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd;
preposterous. See Ludicrous. —- Ri*dic"u*lous*ly, adv.
— Ri*dic"u*lous*ness, n.

RIDING Rid"ing, n. Etym: [For thriding, Icel. pr the third part, fr. pri third, akin to E. third. See Third.]

Defn: One of the three jurisdictions into which the county of York,
in England, is divided; — formerly under the government of reeve.
They are called the North, the East, and the West, Riding.
Blackstone.

RIDING
Rid"ing, a.

1. Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. "One riding apparitor." Ayliffe.

2. Used for riding on; as, a riding horse.

3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding whip; a riding habit; a riding day. Riding clerk. (a) A clerk who traveled for a commercial house. [Obs. Eng.] (b) One of the "six clerks" formerly attached to the English Court of Chancery. — Riding hood. (a) A hood formerly worn by women when riding. (b) A kind of cloak with a hood. — Riding master, an instructor in horsemanship. — Riding rhyme (Pros.), the meter of five accents, with couplet rhyme; — probably so called from the mounted pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. Dr. Guest. — Riding school, a school or place where the art of riding is taught.

RIDING
Rid"ing, n.

1. The act or state of one who rides.

2. A festival procession. [Obs.] When there any riding was in Cheap. Chaucer.

3. Same as Ride, n., 3. Sir P. Sidney.

4. A district in charge of an excise officer. [Eng.]

RIDOTTO
Ri*dot"to, n. Etym: [It., fr. LL. reductus a retreat. See Redoubt.]

Defn: A favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music and dancing, — held generally on fast eves. Brande & C. There are to be ridottos at guinea tickets. Walpole.

RIDOTTO
Ri*dot"to, v. i.

Defn: To hold ridottos. [R.] J. G. Cooper.

RIE
Rie, n.

Defn: See Rye. [Obs.] Holland. Rie grass. (Bot.) (a) A kind of wild barley (Hordeum pratense). Dr. Prior. (b) Ray grass. Dr. Prior.

RIEF
Rief, n. Etym: [See Reave.]

Defn: Robbery. [Obs. or Scot.]

RIETBOC
Riet"boc, n. Etym: [D. riet reed + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The reedbuck, a South African antelope (Cervicapra arundinacea); — so called from its frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its color is yellowish brown. Called also inghalla, and rietbok.

RIFACIMENTO
Ri*fa`ci*men"to, n.; pl. Rifacimenti (#). [It.]

Defn: A remaking or recasting; an adaptation, esp. of a literary work or musical composition.

RIFE
Rife, a. Etym: [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to
OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]

1. Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal. Arbuthnot. Even now the tumult of loud mirth Was rife, and perfect in may listening ear. Milton.

2. Having power; active; nimble. [Obs.]
What! I am rife a little yet. J. Webster.
— Rife"ly, adv.
— Rife"ness, n.

RIFFLE Rif"fle, n. Etym: [CF. G. riffeln, riefeln, to groove. Cf. Rifle a gun.] (Mining)

Defn: A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or steps in such a trough. Also called ripple.

RIFFLER
Rif"fler, n. Etym: [See Riffle.]

Defn: A curved file used in carving wool and marble.

RIFFRAFF
Riff"raff`, n. Etym: [OE. rif and raf every particle, OF. rif et raf.
CF. Raff, and 1st Rifle.]

Defn: Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society. Beau & Fl.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rifled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifling.] Etym:
[F. rifler to rifle, sweep away; of uncertain origin. CF. Raff.]

1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off. Till time shall rifle every youthful grace. Pope.

2. To strip; to rob; to pillage. Piers Plowman. Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye: If not, we'll make you sit and rifle you. Shak.

3. To raffle. [Obs.] J. Webster.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, v. i.

1. To raffle. [Obs.] Chapman.

2. To commit robbery. [R.] Bp. Hall.

RIFLE Ri"fle, n. Etym: [Akin to Dan. rifle, or riffel, the rifle of a gun, a chamfer (cf. riffel, riffelbösse, a rifle gun, rifle to rifle a gun, G. riefeln, riefen, to chamfer, groove), and E. rive. See Rive, and cf. Riffle, Rivel.]

1. A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with spiral channels, thus giving the ball a rotary motion and insuring greater accuracy of fire. As a military firearm it has superseded the musket.

2. pl. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of soldiers armed with rifles.

3. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for sharpening scythes. Rifle pit (Mil.), a trench for sheltering sharpshooters.

RIFLE
Ri"fle, v. t.

1. To grove; to channel; especially, to groove internally with spiral channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a cannon.

2. To whet with a rifle. See Rifle, n., 3.

RIFLEBIRD
Ri"fle*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of beautiful birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera Ptiloris and Craspidophora, allied to the paradise birds.

Note: The largest and best known species is Ptiloris paradisea of Australia. Its general color is rich velvety brown, glossed with lilac; the under parts are varied with rich olive green, and the head, throat, and two middle tail feathers are brilliant metallic green.

RIFLEMAN
Ri"fle*man, n.; pl. Rifleman (. (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier armed with a rifle.

RIFLER
Ri"fler, n.

Defn: One who rifles; a robber.

RIFLING Ri"fling, n. (a) The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon or gun barrel. (b) The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon. Shunt rifling, rifling for cannon, in which one side of the groove is made deeper than the other, to facilitate loading with shot having projections which enter by the deeper part of the grooves.

RIFT
Rift, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Rive. Spenser.

RIFT
Rift, n. [Written also reft.] Etym: [Dan. rift, fr. rieve to rend.
See Rive.]

1. An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. Spenser.

2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford.

RIFT
Rift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifting.]

Defn: To cleave; to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. Longfellow. To dwell these rifted rocks between. Wordsworth.

RIFT
Rift, v. i.

1. To burst open; to split. Shak. Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance. Bacon.

2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

RIFTER
Rift"er, n.

Defn: A rafter. [Obs.] Holland.

RIG
Rig, n. Etym: [See Ridge.]

Defn: A ridge. [Prov. or Scott.]

RIG
Rig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rigged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rigging.] Etym:
[Norweg. rigga to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf. AS.
wrihan to cover.]

1. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.

2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; — commonly followed by out. Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace. L'Estrange. To rig a purchase, to adapt apparatus so as to get a purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle, capstan, etc. — To rig a ship (Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc., to their respective masts and yards.

RIG
Rig, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.]

RIG
Rig, n Etym: [Cf. Wriggle.]

1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.

3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas were yet well composed. Burke. To run a rig, to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do something strange and unbecoming. He little dreamt when he set out Of running such a rig. Cowper.

RIG
Rig, v. i.

Defn: To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks. "Rigging and rifling all ways." Chapman.

RIG
Rig, v. t.

Defn: To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or Prov.] Tusser. To rig the market (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or trick. [Cant]

RIGADOON
Rig`a*doon", n. Etym: [F. rigadon, rigaudon.]

Defn: A gay, lively dance for one couple, — said to have been borrowed from Provence in France. W. Irving. Whose dancing dogs in rigadoons excel. Wolcott.

RIGA FIR
Ri"ga fir` Etym: [So called from Riga, a city in Russia.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of pine (Pinus sylvestris), and its wood, which affords a valuable timber; — called also Scotch pine, and red or yellow deal. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia.

RIGARION
Ri*ga"rion, n. Etym: [L. rigatio, fr. rigare to water.]

Defn: See Irrigation. [Obs.]

RIGEL
Ri"gel, n. Etym: [Ar. rijl, properly, foot.] (Astron.)

Defn: A fixed star of the first magnitude in the left foot of the constellation Orion. [Written also Regel.]

RIGESCENT Ri*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. rigescens, p. pr. fr. rigescere to grow stiff.]

Defn: Growing stiff or numb.

RIGGER
Rig"ger, n.

1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship.

2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.]

RIGGING
Rig"ging, n.

Defn: DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of Ship and Sails. Running rigging (Naut.), all those ropes used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail, etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the like. — Standing rigging (Naut.), the shrouds and stays.

RIGGISH
Rig"gish, a.

Defn: Like a rig or wanton. [Obs.] "Riggish and unmaidenly." Bp.
Hall.

RIGGLE
Rig"gle, v. i.

Defn: See Wriggle.

RIGGLE
Rig"gle, n.

Defn: The European lance fish. [Prov. Eng.]

RIGHT
Right, a. Etym: [OE. right, riht, AS. riht; akin to D. regt, OS. &
OHG. reht, G. recht, Dan. ret, Sw. rätt, Icel. rëttr, Goth. raíhts,
L. rectus, p. p. of regere to guide, rule; cf. Skr. straight, right.
sq. root115. Cf. Adroit,Alert, Correct, Dress, Regular, Rector,
Recto, Rectum, Regent, Region, Realm, Rich, Riyal, Rule.]

1. Straight; direct; not crooked; as, a right line. "Right as any line." Chaucer

2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; as, right ascension; a right pyramid or cone.

3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true. That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely right, and is called right simply without relation to a special end. Whately.

2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right man in the right place; the right way from London to Oxford.

5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious. "His right wife." Chaucer. In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly manifested themselves to be right barbarians. Milton.

6. According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as, this is the right faith. You are right, Justice, and you weigh this well. Shak. If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . . . right, "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die." Locke.

7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate. The lady has been disappointed on the right side. Spectator.

8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; — opposed to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the right side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower animals. Became the sovereign's favorite, his right hand. Longfellow.

Note: In designating the banks of a river, right and left are used always with reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction of the current's flow.

9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; correctly done.

10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side of a piece of cloth. At right angles, so as to form a right angle or right angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly. — Right and left, in both or all directions. [Colloq.] — Right and left coupling (Pipe fitting), a coupling the opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw and a left-handed screw, respectivelly. — Right angle. (a) The angle formed by one line meeting another perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, DBC. (b) (Spherics) A spherical angle included between the axes of two great circles whose planes are perpendicular to each other. — Right ascension. See under Ascension. — Right Center (Politics), those members belonging to the Center in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on political questions. See Center, n., 5. — Right cone, Right cylinder, Right prism, Right pyramid (Geom.), a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the axis of which is perpendicular to the base. — Right line. See under Line. — Right sailing (Naut.), sailing on one of the four cardinal points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or its longitude, but not both. Ham. Nav. Encyc. — Right sphere (Astron. & Geol.), a sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon at right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the equator.

Note: Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is
right, true.
"Right," cries his lordship. Pope.

Syn. — Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful; rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable; becoming.

RIGHT
Right, adv.

1. In a right manner.

2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went right to the mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide. Unto Dian's temple goeth she right. Chaucer. Let thine eyes look right on. Prov. iv. 25. Right across its track there lay, Down in the water, a long reef of gold. Tennyson.

3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or Colloq.] Came he right now to sing a raven's note Shak.

4. According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; as, to live right; to judge right.

5. According to any rule of art; correctly. You with strict discipline instructed right. Roscommon.

6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; exactly; as, to tell a story right. "Right at mine own cost." Chaucer. Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye. Chaucer. His wounds so smarted that he slept right naught. Fairfax.

7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. "He was not right fat". Chaucer. For which I should be right sorry. Tyndale. [I] return those duties back as are right fit. Shak.

Note: In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as, right honorable; right reverend. Right honorable, a title given in England to peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors; also, to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of York, and of Dublin.

Note: Right is used in composition with other adverbs, as upright, downright, forthright, etc. Right along, without cessation; continuously; as, to work right along for several hours. [Colloq. U.S.] — Right away, or Right off, at once; straightway; without delay. [Colloq. U.S.] "We will . . . shut ourselves up in the office and do the work right off." D. Webster.

RIGHT
Right, n. Etym: [AS. right. See Right, a.]

1. That which is right or correct. Specifically: (a) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, — the opposite of moral wrong. (b) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact. Seldom your opinions err; Your eyes are always in the right. Prior.

(c) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity. Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, And well deserved, had fortune done him right. Dryden.

2. That to which one has a just claim. Specifically: (a) That which one has a natural claim to exact. There are no rights whatever, without corresponding duties. Coleridge.

(b) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal power; authority; as, a sheriff has a right to arrest a criminal. (c) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership. Born free, he sought his right. Dryden. Hast thou not right to all created things Milton. Men have no right to what is not reasonable. Burke.

(d) Privilege or immunity granted by authority.

3. The right side; the side opposite to the left. Led her to the Souldan's right. Spenser.

4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5.

5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a carpet, etc. At all right, at all points; in all respects. [Obs.] Chaucer. — Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under Bill. — By right, By rights, or By good rights, rightly; properly; correctly. He should himself use it by right. Chaucer. I should have been a woman by right. Shak. — Divine right, or Divine right of kings, a name given to the patriarchal theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience of the people. — To rights. (a) In a direct line; straight. [R.] Woodward. (b) At once; directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Swift. — To set to rights, To put to rights, to put in good order; to adjust; to regulate, as what is out of order. — Writ of right (Law), a writ which lay to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner. Blackstone.

RIGHT
Right, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Righted; p. pr. & vb. n. Righting.] Etym:
[AS. rihtan. See Right, a.]

1. To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to correct.

2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the oppressed; to right one's self; also, to vindicate. So just is God, to right the innocent. Shak. All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. Jefferson. To right a vessel (Naut.), to restore her to an upright position after careening. — To right the helm (Naut.), to place it in line with the keel.

RIGHT
Right, v. i.

1. To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become upright.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after careening.

RIGHT-ABOUT
Right"-a*bout`, n. Etym: [Right, adv. + about, adv.]

Defn: A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the opposite direction; also, the quarter directly opposite; as, to turn to the right-about. To send to the right-about, to cause to turn toward the opposite point or quarter; — hence, of troops, to cause to turn and retreat. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

RIGHT-ANGLED
Right"-an`gled, a.

Defn: Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a right-angled triangle.

RIGHTEN
Right"en, v. t.

Defn: To do justice to. [Obs.]
Relieve [marginal reading, righten] the opressed. Isa. i. 17.

RIGHTEOUS Right"eous, a. Etym: [OE. rightways, rightwise, AS.rightwis; riht right + wis wise, having wisdom, prudent. See Right, a., Wise, a.]

Defn: Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as, a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution. Fearless in his righteous cause. Milton.

Syn. — Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest; equitable; rightful.

RIGHTEOUSED
Right"eoused, a.

Defn: Made righteous. [Obs.]

RIGHTEOUSLY
Right"eous*ly, adv. Etym: [AS. rightwislice.]

Defn: In a righteous manner; as, to judge righteously.

RIGHTEOUSNESS
Right"eous*ness, n. Etym: [AS. rihtwisnes.]

1. The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude.

Note: Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.

2. A righteous act, or righteous quality. All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags. Isa. lxiv. 6.

3. The act or conduct of one who is righteous. Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth right at all times. Ps. cvi. 3.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground justification. There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues. Hooker. Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone. Westminster Catechism.

Syn. — Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice; rightfulness; integryty; honesty; faithfulness.

RIGHTER
Right"er, n.

Defn: One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong.
Shelton.

RIGHTFUL
Right"ful, a.

1. Righteous; upright; just; good; — said of persons. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Consonant to justice; just; as, a rightful cause.

3. Having the right or just claim according to established laws; being or holding by right; as, the rightful heir to a throne or an estate; a rightful king.

4. Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; as, a rightful inheritance; rightful authority.

Syn.
— Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.

RIGHTFULLY
Right"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: According to right or justice.

RIGHTFULNESS
Right"ful*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and justice.

2. Moral rectitude; righteousness. [Obs.] Wyclif. We fail of perfect rightfulness. Sir P. Sidney.

RIGHT-HAND
Right"-hand`, a.

1. Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than the left; as, the right-hand side, room, or road.

2. Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable. Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their right-hand man in the troop. Addison. Right-hand rope, a rope which is laid up and twisted with the sun, that is, in the same direction as plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

RIGHT-HANDED
Right"-*hand`ed, a.

1. Using the right hand habitually, or more easily than the left.

2. Having the same direction or course as the movement of the hands of a watch seen in front; — said of the motion of a revolving object looked at from a given direction.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the whorls rising from left to right; dextral; — said of spiral shells. See Illust. of Scalaria. Right-handed screw, a screw, the threads of which, like those of a common wood screw, wind spirally in such a direction that screw advances away from the observer when turned with a right-handed movement in a fixed nut.

RIGHT-HANDEDNESS
Right"-hand`ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being right-handed; hence, skill; dexterity.

RIGHT-HEARTED
Right"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a right heart or disposition.
— Right"-heart`ed*ness, n.

RIGHTLESS
Right"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of right. Sylvester.

RIGHT-LINED
Right"-lined`, a.

Defn: Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a right-lined angle.

RIGHTLY
Right"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. richtlice.]

1. Straightly; directly; in front. [Obs.] Shak.

2. According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly performed.

3. Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately. Eve rightly called, Mother of all mankind. Milton.

4. According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly. "I can not rightly say." Shak. Thou didst not rightly see. Dryden.

RIGHT-MINDED
Right"-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Having a right or honest mind.
— Right"-mind`ed*ness, n.

RIGHTNESS
Right"ness, n. Etym: [AS. richtnes.] .

Defn: Straightness; as, the rightness of a line. Bacon.

2. The quality or state of being right; right relation. The craving for rightness with God. J. C. Shairp.

RIGHT-RUNNING
Right"-run`ning, a.

Defn: Straight; direct.

RIGHTWARD
Right"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the right.
Rightward and leftward rise the rocks. Southey.

RIGHT WHALE Right" whale`. (Zoöl.) (a) The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale (Balæna mysticetus), from whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained. (b) Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale (Balæna cisarctica), and the Pacific right whale (B. Sieboldii); a bone whale. Pygmy right whale (Zoöl.), a small New Zealand whale (Neobalæna marginata) which is only about sixteen feet long. It produces short, but very elastic and tough, whalebone.

RIGHTWISE
Right"wise`, a.

Defn: Righteous. [Obs.] Wyclif.

RIGHTWISE
Right"wise`, v. t.

Defn: To make righteous. [Obs.]

RIGHTWISELY
Right"wise`ly, adv.

Defn: Righteously. [Obs.]

RIGHTWISENESS
Right"wise`ness, n.

Defn: Righteousness. [Obs.]
In doom and eke in rightwisnesse. Chaucer.

RIGID Rig"id, a. Etym: [L. rigidus, fr. rigere to be stiff or numb: cf. F. rigide. Cf. Rigor. ]

1. Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible. Upright beams innumerable Of rigid spears. Milton.

2. Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; as, a rigid father or master; rigid discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid sentence. The more rigid order of principles in religion and government. Hawthorne.

Syn. — Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict; exact; severe; austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.

RIGIDITY
Ri*gid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rigiditas: cf. F. rigidité. See Rigid.]

1. The quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of resisting change of from; the amount of resistance with which a body opposes change of form; — opposed to flexibility, ductility, malleability, and softness.

2. Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or elegance. Sir H. Wotton.

3. Severity; rigor. [Obs. orR.] Bp. Burnet.

Syn.
— Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility.

RIGIDLY
Rig"id*ly, v.

Defn: In a rigid manner; stiffly.

RIGIDNESS
Rig"id*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rigid.

RIGIDULOUS
Ri*gid"u*lous, a. Etym: [Dim. from rigid.] (Bot.)

Defn: Somewhat rigid or stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle.

RIGLET
Rig"let, n. (Print.)

Defn: See Reglet.

RIGMAROLE
Rig"ma*role, n. Etym: [For ragman roll. See Ragman's roll.]

Defn: A succession of confused or nonsencial statements; foolish
talk; nonsense. [Colloq.]
Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to call
rigmarole. De Quincey.

RIGMAROLE
Rig"ma*role, a.

Defn: Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; foolish.

RIGOL
Rig"ol, n. Etym: [OE. also ringol. Cf. Ring.]

Defn: A circle; hence, a diadem. [Obs.] Shak.

RIGOLETTE Rig`o*lette", n. [Prob. fr. Rigolette, name of a girl in Eugene Sue's novel "Mystères de Paris."]

Defn: A woman's light scarflike head covering, usually knit or crocheted of wool.

RIGOLL
Rig"oll, n. Etym: [Corruupted fr. regal.]

Defn: A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end. Moore (Encyc. of Music. ).

RIGOR
Ri"gor, n. Etym: [L. See Rigor., below.]

1. Rigidity; stiffness.

2. (ed.)

Defn: A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceeding a fever. Rigor caloris ( Etym: [L., rigor of heat] (Physiol.), a form of rigor mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to about 50ºC. — Rigor mortis ( Etym: [L. , rigor of death] , death stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual muscle fibers.

RIGOR Rig"or, n. Etym: [OE. rigour, OF. rigour, F. rigueur, from L. rigor, fr. rigere to be stiff. See Rigid.] [Written also rigour.]

1. The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness. The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. Milton.

2. (Med.)

Defn: See 1st Rigor, 2.

3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor of the storm; the rigors of winter.

4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty. All his rigor is turned to grief and pity. Denham. If I shall be condemn'd Upon surmises, . . . I tell you 'T is rigor and not law. Shak.

5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor; — opposed to Ant: lenity.

6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification. The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor and austerity of a capuchin. Addison.

7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.] Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could stay. Spenser.

Syn. — Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity; austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.

RIGORISM
Rig"or*ism, n.

1. Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; — opposed to laxity.

2. Severity, as of style, or the like. Jefferson.

RIGORIST
Rig"or*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rigoriste.]

Defn: One who is rigorous; — sometimes applied to an extreme
Jansenist.

RIGOROUS
Rig"or*ous, a. Etym: [F. rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See Rigor.]

1. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration. He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With rigorous hands. Shak. We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their rigorous unity. De Quincey.

2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter.

3. Violent. [Obs.] "Rigorous uproar." Spenser.

Syn.
— Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern;
harsh; strict; exact.
— Rig"or*ous*ly, adv.
— Rig"or*ous*ness, n.

RIGSDAG
Rigs"dag, n. [Dan. Cf. Reichstag.]

Defn: See Legislature, Denmark.

RIGSDALER
Rigs"da`ler, n. Etym: [Dan. See Rix-dollar.]

Defn: A Danish coin worth about fifty-four cents. It was former unit of value in Denmark.

RIG-VEDA
Rig`-Ve"da.

Defn: See Veda.

RIKSDALER
Riks"da`ler, n. Etym: [Sw. See Rix-dollar.]

Defn: A Swedish coin worth about twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in Sweden.

RILE
Rile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riled; p. pr. & vb. n. Riling.] Etym: [See
Roil.]

1. To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil.

2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex.

Note: In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in the
United States.

RILIEVO
Ri*lie"vo, n.Etym: [It. See Relief.] (Sculp. & Arch.)

Defn: Same as Relief, n.,5.

RILL Rill, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little ditch. sq. root11.]

1. A very small brook; a streamlet.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: See Rille.

RILL
Rill, v. i.

Defn: To run a small stream. [R.] Prior.

RILLE
Rille, n. Etym: [G. rille a furrow.] (Astron.)

Defn: One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope, on the surface of the moon.

RILLET
Rill"et, n.

Defn: A little rill. Burton.

RILY
Ri"ly, a.

Defn: Roily. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

RIM Rim, n. Etym: [As. rima, reoma, edge; cf. W. rhim, rhimp, a rim, edge, boundary, termination, Armor, rim. Cf. Rind.]

1. The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; as, the rim of a kettle or basin.

2. The lower part of the abdomen. [Obs.] Shak. Arch rim (Phonetics),
the line between the gums and the palate.
— Rim-fire cartridge. (Mil.) See under Cartridge.
— Rim lock. See under Lock.

RIM
Rim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rimming.]

Defn: To furnish with a rim; to border.

RIMA
Ri"ma, n.; pl. Rimæ. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A narrow and elongated aperture; a cleft; a fissure.

RIMAU DAHAN
Ri"mau da"han. Etym: [From the native Oriental name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The clouded tiger cat (Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and the East Indies.

RIMBASE
Rim"base`, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon. See Illust. of Cannon.

RIME
Rime, n. Etym: [L. rima.]

Defn: A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a crack. Sir T.
Browne.

RIME Rime, n. Etym: [AS. hrim; akin to D. rijm, Icel. hrim, Dan. rim, Sw. rim; cf. D. rijp, G. reif, OHG. rifo, hrifo.]

Defn: White frost; hoarfrost; congealed dew or vapor.
The trees were now covered with rime. De Quincey.

RIME
Rime, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Riming.]

Defn: To freeze or congeal into hoarfrost.

RIME
Rime, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A step or round of a ladder; a rung.

RIME
Rime, n.

Defn: Rhyme. See Rhyme. Coleridge. Landor.

Note: This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is coming into use again.

RIME
Rime, v. i. & t.

Defn: To rhyme. See Rhyme.

RIMER
Rim"er, n.

Defn: A rhymer; a versifier.

RIMER
Rim"er, n.

Defn: A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder.

RIMEY
Rim"ey, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OF. rimoier. See Ryime.]

Defn: To compose in rhyme; to versify. [Obs.]
[Lays] rimeyed in their first Breton tongue. Chaucer.

RIM-FIRE
Rim"-fire`, a.

Defn: Having the percussion fulminate in a rim surrounding the base, distinguished from center-fire; — said of cartridges; also, using rim-fire cartridges; as, a rim-fire gun. Such cartridges are now little used.

RIMMER
Rim"mer, n.

Defn: An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer. Knight.

RIMOSE
Ri*mose", a. Etym: [L. rimosus, fr. rima a chink: cf. F. rimeux.]

1. Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks.

2. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees.

RIMOSELY
Ri*mose"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rimose manner.

RIMOSITY
Ri*mos"i*ty, n.

Defn: State of being rimose.

RIMOUS
Rim"ous, a.

Defn: Rimose.

RIMPLE
Rim"ple, n. Etym: [AS. hrimpele, or rimpel. See Rumple.]

Defn: A fold or wrinkle. See Rumple.

RIMPLE
Rim"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rimpled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rimpling.]

Defn: To rumple; to wrinkle.

RIMY
Rim"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with rime; frosty.

RINCON
Rin*con", n.; pl. Rincones (#). [Sp. rincón.]

Defn: An interior corner; a nook; hence, an angular recess or hollow bend in a mountain, river, cliff, or the like. [Western & Southern U. S.] D. S. Jordan.

RIND Rind, n. Etym: [AS. rind bark, crust of bread; akin rinta, G. rinde, and probably to E. rand, rim; cf. Skr. ram to end, rest.]

Defn: The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell. Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind With all thy charms, although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. Milton. Sweetest nurind. Shak.

RIND
Rind, v. t.

Defn: To remove the rind of; to bark. [R.]

RINDERPEST Rin"der*pest, n. Etym: [G., fr. rind, pl. rinder, cattle + pest pest, plague.]

Defn: A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; — called also cattle plague, Russian cattle plague, and steppe murrain.

RINDLE
Rin"dle, n. Etym: [AS. rynele. sq. root11. See Run.]

Defn: A small water course or gutter. Ash.

RINDLESS
Rind"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a rind.

RINDY
Rind"y, a.

Defn: Having a rind or skin. Ash.

RINE
Rine, n.

Defn: See Rind. [Obs.] Spenser.

RINED
Rined, a.

Defn: Having a rind [Obs.] Milton.

RINFORZANDO
Rin`for*zan"do, a. Etym: [It., fr. rinfor to reënforce, strengthen.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Increasing; strengthening; — a direction indicating a sudden increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. Forzando, and Sforzando.

RING
Ring, v. t. [imp. Rang or Rung (; p. p. Rung; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ringing.] Etym: [AS. hringan; akin to Icel. hringja, Sw. ringa, Dan.
ringe, OD. ringhen, ringkelen. sq. root19.]

1. To cause to sound, especially by striking, as a metallic body; as, to ring a bell.

2. To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound. The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, Hath rung night's yawning peal. Shak.

3. To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly. To ring a peal, to ring a set of changes on a chime of bells. — To ring the changes upon. See under Change. — To ring in or out, to usher, attend on, or celebrate, by the ringing of bells; as, to ring out the old year and ring in the new. Tennyson. — To ring the bells backward, to sound the chimes, reversing the common order; — formerly done as a signal of alarm or danger. Sir W. Scott.

RING
Ring, v. i.

1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly a
metallic one.
Now ringen trompes loud and clarion. Chaucer.
Why ring not out the bells Shak.

2. To practice making music with bells. Holder.

3. To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a
With sweeter notes each rising temple rung. Pope.
The hall with harp and carol rang. Tennyson.
My ears still ring with noise. Dryden.

4. To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound. The assertion is still ringing in our ears. Burke.

5. To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings with his fame.

RING
Ring, n.

1. A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the ring of a bell.

2. Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued, repeated, or reverberated. The ring of acclamations fresh in his ears. Bacon

3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned. As great and tunable a ring of bells as any in the world. Fuller.

RING
Ring, n. Etym: [AS. hring, hrinc; akin to Fries. hring, D. & G. ring,
OHG. ring, hring, Icel. hringr, DAn. & SW. ring; cf. Russ. krug'. Cf.
Harangue, Rank a row,Rink.]

Defn: A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a circular line or hoop.

2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a wedding ring. Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. Chaucer. The dearest ring in Venice will I give you. Shak.

3. A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are performed; an arena. Place me. O, place me in the dusty ring, Where youthful charioteers contened for glory. E. Smith.

4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, prize fighting. "The road was an institution, the ring was an institution." Thackeray.

5. A circular group of persons. And hears the Muses in a Aye round about Jove's alter sing. Milton.

6. (Geom.) (a) The plane figure included between the circumferences of two concentric circles. (b) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure.

7. (Astron. & Navigation)

Defn: An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite.

8. (Bot.)

Defn: An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See Illust. of Sporangium.

9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc. The ruling ring at Constantinople. E. A. Freeman. Ring armor, armor composed of rings of metal. See Ring mail, below, and Chain mail, under Chain. — Ring blackbird (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. — Ring canal (Zoöl.), the circular water tube which surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms. — Ring dotterel, or Ringed dotterel. (Zoöl.) See Dotterel, and Illust. of Pressiroster. — Ring dropper, a sharper who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself), and tries to induce another to buy it as valuable, it being worthless. — Ring fence. See under Fence. — Ring finger, the third finger of the left hand, or the next the little finger, on which the ring is placed in marriage. — Ring formula (Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See Illust. under Benzene. — Ring mail, a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed upon a garment of leather or of cloth. — Ring micrometer. (Astron.) See Circular micrometer, under Micrometer. — Saturn's rings. See Saturn. — Ring ousel. (Zoöl.) See Ousel. — Ring parrot (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially Palæornis torquatus, common in India, and P. Alexandri of Java. — Ring plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The ringed dotterel. (b) Any one of several small American plovers having a dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover (Ægialitis semipalmata). — Ring snake (Zoöl.), a small harmless American snake (Diadophis punctatus) having a white ring around the neck. The back is ash- colored, or sage green, the belly of an orange red. — Ring stopper. (Naut.) See under Stopper. — Ring thrush (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. — The prize ring, the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize fighters, collectively. — The ring. (a) The body of sporting men who bet on horse races. [Eng.] (b) The prize ring.

RING
Ring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ringed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ringing.]

1. To surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. "Ring these fingers." Shak.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; as, to ring branches or roots.

3. To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's snout.

RING
Ring, v. i. (Falconry)

Defn: To rise in the air spirally.

RING ARMATURE
Ring armature. (Elec.)

Defn: An armature for a dynamo or motor having the conductors wound on a ring.

RINGBILL
Ring"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring-necked scaup duck; — called also ring-billed blackhead. See Scaup.

RINGBIRD
Ring"bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The reed bunting. It has a collar of white feathers. Called also ring bunting.

RINGBOLT
Ring"bolt`, n.

Defn: An eyebolt having a ring through the eye.

RINGBONE
Ring"bone`, n. (Far.)

Defn: A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the small pastern and the great pastern bones. J. H. Walsh.

RINGDOVE
Ring"dove`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European wild pigeon (Columba palumbus) having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also wood pigeon, and cushat.

RINGED
Ringed, a.

1. Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.

2. Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. "A ringed wife." Tennyson. Ringed seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Phoca foetida) having ringlike spots on the body. — Ringed snake (Zoöl.), a harmless European snake (Tropidonotus natrix) common in England. — Ringed worm (Zoöl.), an annelid.

RINGENT Rin"gent, a. Etym: [L. ringens, -entis, p. pr. of ringi to open wide the mouth: cf. F. ringent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open mouth; as a ringent bilabiate corolla.

RINGER
Ring"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells.

2. (Mining)

Defn: A crowbar. Simmonds.

RINGER
Ring"er, n. (Horse Racing)

Defn: A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it.

RINGHEAD
Ring"head`, n. (Cloth Manuf.)

Defn: An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth.

RINGING
Ring"ing,

Defn: a & n. from Ring, v. Ringing engine, a simple form of pile driver in which the monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.

RINGINGLY
Ring"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ringing manner.

RINGLEADER
Ring"lead`er, n.

1. The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of animals. A primacy of order, such an one as the ringleader hath in a dance. Barrow.

2. Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the like. The ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined, and imprisoned. Macaulay.

RINGLESTONE
Ring"le*stone`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. [Prov.Eng.]

RINGLET
Ring"let, n. Etym: [Ring + -let.]

1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring. You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make, Whereof the ewe not bites. Shak.

2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair. [Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved. Milton.

RINGMAN
Ring"man, n.; pl. Ringmen (.

Defn: The ring finger. [Obs.] Ascham

RINGMASTER
Ring"mas`ter, n.

Defn: One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus.

RINGNECK
Ring"neck`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus
Ægialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in
summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover
(Æ. semipalmata) and the piping plover (Æ. meloda) are common North
American species. Called also ring plover, and ring-necked plover.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ring-necked duck.

RING-NECKED
Ring"-necked`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a well defined ring of color around the neck. Ring- necked duck (Zool.), an American scaup duck (Aythya collaris). The head, neck, and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the female. Called also ring-neck, ring-necked blackhead, ringbill, tufted duck, and black jack.

RINGSAIL
Ring"sail`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Ringtail,2.

RINGSTRAKED
Ring"straked`, a.

Defn: Ring-streaked.
Cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted. Gen. xxx. 39.

RING-STREAKED
Ring"-streaked`, a.

Defn: Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as, ring-streaked goats.

RINGTAIL
Ring"tail`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the hen harrier.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; — called also ringsail. Ringtail boom (Naut.), a spar which is rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.

RING-TAILED
Ring"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color. Ring- tailed cat (Zoöl.), the cacomixle. — Ring-tailed eagle (Zoöl.), a young golden eagle.

RINGTOSS
Ring"toss`, n.

Defn: A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an upright stick.

RING WINDING
Ring winding. (Elec.)

Defn: Armature winding in which the wire is wound round the outer and inner surfaces alternately of an annular or cylindrical core.

RINGWORM
Ring"worm", n. (Med.)

Defn: A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a species of Trichophyton).

RINK Rink, n. Etym: [Scot. renk, rink, rynk, a course, a race; probably fr. AS. hring a ring. See Ring.]

1. The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of curling.

2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building with such a floor.

RINKER
Rink"er, n.

Defn: One who skates at a rink. [Colloq.]

RINKING
Rink"ing, n.

Defn: Skating in a rink. [Colloq.]

RINSE
Rinse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rinsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rinsing.] Etym:
[OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser, reinser, raïncier, F. rincer; of
uncertain origin.]

1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing.

2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; — applied especially to hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. "Like a glass did break i' the rinsing." Shak.

RINSE
Rinse, n.

Defn: The act of rinsing.

RINSER
Rins"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rinses.

RIOT Ri"ot, n. Etym: [OF. riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot, ravot.]

1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult. His headstrong riot hath no curb. Shak.

2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity;
revelry.
Venus loveth riot and dispense. Chaucer.
The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day. Pope.

3. (Law)

Defn: The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object. To run riot, to act wantonly or without restraint.

RIOT
Ri"ot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rioted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rioting.] Etym:
[OF. rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.]

1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess. Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law. Daniel. No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows. Pope.

2. (Law)

Defn: To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n., 3. Johnson.

RIOT
Ri"ot, v. t.

Defn: To spend or pass in riot.
[He] had rioted his life out. Tennyson.

RIOTER
Ri"ot*er, n.

1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Chaucer.

2. (Law)

Defn: One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3.

RIOTISE
Ri"ot*ise, n.

Defn: Excess; tumult; revelry. [Obs.]
His life he led in lawless riotise. Spenser.

RIOTOUR
Ri"ot*our (-oor), n.

Defn: A rioter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RIOTOUS
Ri"ot*ous, a. Etym: [OF. rioteux.]

1. Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious. The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living. Luke xv. 13.

2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts;
seditious.
— Ri"ot*ous*ly, adv.
— Ri"ot*ous*ness, n.

RIOTRY
Ri"ot*ry, n.

Defn: The act or practice of rioting; riot. "Electioneering riotry."
Walpole.

RIP Rip, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to E. corb. Cf. Ripier.]

Defn: A wicker fish basket.

RIP
Rip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ripped; p. pr. & vb. n. Ripping.] Etym: [Cf.
AS. rypan, also Sw. repa to ripple flax, D. repelen, G. reffen,
riffeln, and E. raff, raffle. Cf. Raff, Ripple of flax.]

1. To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; — commonly used with up, open, off.

2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing. He 'll rip the fatal secret from her heart. Granville.

3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; — usually with up. They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion. Clarendon. For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out in the ear of a common enemy . . . is neither wise nor comely. Milton.

4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber. Ripping chisel
(Carp.), a crooked chisel for cleaning out mortises. Knight.
— Ripping iron. (Shipbuilding) Same as Ravehook.
— Ripping saw. (Carp.) See Ripsaw.
— To rip out, to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as, to
rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See To rap out, under Rap, v. t.

RIP
Rip, n.

1. A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn; laceration.

2. Etym: [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of reprobate.]

Defn: A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. [Slang.]

3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or currents.

RIPARIAN Ri*pa"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See River, and cf. Arrive.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights.

RIPARIOUS
Ri*pa"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. riparius.]

Defn: Growing along the banks of rivers; riparian.

RIP CORD
Rip cord. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A cord by which the gas bag of a balloon may be ripped open for a limited distance to release the gas quickly and so cause immediate descent.

RIPE
Ripe, n. Etym: [L. ripa.]

Defn: The bank of a river. [Obs.]

RIPE
Ripe, a. [Compar. Riper; superl. Ripest.] Etym: [AS. ripe; akin to
OS. ripi, D. rijp, G. rief, OHG. rift; cf. AS. rip harvest, ripan to
reap. Cf. Reap.]

1. Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature; — said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain. So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop Into thy mother's lap. Milton.

2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe cheese; ripe wine.

3. Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate. "Ripe courage." Chaucer. He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one. Shak.

4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; — said of sores, tumors, etc.

5. Ready for action or effect; prepared. While things were just ripe for a war. Addison. I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies. Burke.

6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness. Those happy smilets, That played on her ripe lip. Shak.

7. Intoxicated. [Obs.] "Reeling ripe." Shak.

Syn.
— Mature; complete; finished. See Mature.

RIPE
Ripe, v. i. Etym: [AS. ripian.]

Defn: To ripen; to grow ripe. [Obs.]

RIPE
Ripe, v. t.

Defn: To mature; to ripen. [Obs.] Shak.

RIPELY
Ripe"ly, adv.

Defn: Maturely; at the fit time. Shak.

RIPEN
Rip"en, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ripened;p. pr. & vb. n. Ripening.]

1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as, grapes ripen in the sun.

2. To approach or come to perfection.

RIPEN
Rip"en, v. t.

1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days ripened the corn.

2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen the judgment. When faith and love, which parted from thee never, Had ripined thy iust soul to dwell with God. Milton.

RIPENESS
Ripe"ness, n. Etym: [AS. ripness.]

Defn: The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood; ripeness of judgment. Time, which made them their fame outlive, To Cowley scarce did ripeness give. Denham.

RIPIDOLITE
Ri*pid"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; — called also clinochlore.

RIPIENIST
Ri*pi*e"nist, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See Ripieno.

RIPIENO
Ri*pi*e"no, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Filling up; supplementary; supernumerary; — a term applied to those instruments which only swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra, but are not obbligato.

RIPLER; RIPPER
Rip"ler, Rip"per, n. Etym: [Cf. Rip a basket, or Riparian.] (O.E.
Law)

Defn: One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland
towns. [Obs.]
But what's the action we are for now Robbing a ripper of his fish.
Beau & Fl.

RIPOST
Ri*post", n. Etym: [F. riposte.]

1. In fencing, a return thrust after a parry.

2. A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. J. Morley.

RIPPER
Rip"per, n.

1. One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.

2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates.

3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. [Slang.]

RIPPER ACT; RIPPER BILL
Rip"per act or bill.

Defn: An act or a bill conferring upon a chief executive, as a governor or mayor, large powers of appointment and removal of heads of departments or other subordinate officials. [Polit. Cant, U. S.]

RIPPING CORD
Rip"ping cord. (Aëronautics)

Defn: = Rip cord.

RIPPING PANEL
Ripping panel. (Aëronautics)

Defn: A long patch, on a balloon, to be ripped off, by the rip cord, at landing, in order to allow the immediate escape of gas and instant deflation of the bag.

RIPPING STRIP
Ripping strip.

Defn: = Ripping panel.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, n. Etym: [FRom Rip, v.]

Defn: An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, v. t.

1. To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), by means of a ripple.

2. Hence, to scratch or tear. Holland.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rippled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rippling.]
Etym: [Cf. Rimple, Rumple.]

1. To become fretted or dimpled on the surface, as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be covered with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain.

2. To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or the breaking of ripples on the shore.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, v. t.

Defn: To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to cover with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the lake.

RIPPLE
Rip"ple, n.

1. The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running water; little curling waves.

2. A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by little waves; as, a ripple of laughter. Ripple grass. (Bot.) See Ribwort. — Ripple marks, a system of parallel ridges on sand, produced by wind, by the current of a steam, or by the agitation of wind waves; also (Geol.), a system of parallel ridges on the surface of a sandstone stratum.

RIPPLE-MARKED
Rip"ple-marked`, a.

Defn: HAving ripple marks.

RIPPLET
Rip"plet, n.

Defn: A small ripple.

RIPPLINGLY
Rip"pling*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rippling manner.

RIPPLY
Rip"ply, a.

Defn: Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the sound of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Keats.

RIPRAP
Rip"rap`, n. Etym: [Cf. Rap.] (Masonry)

Defn: A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom.

RIPRAP
Rip"rap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riprapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Riprapping.]

Defn: To form a riprap in or upon.

RIPSAW
Rip"saw`, Etym: [See Rip, v. t., 4.] (Carp.)

Defn: A handsaw with coarse teeth which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the direction of the fiber; — called also ripping saw.

RIPTOWEL Rip"tow*el, n. Etym: [AS. rip. harvest + a word of uncertain etymology.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their lord's corn. [Obs.]

RIS
Ris, n. Etym: [AS. hris; akin to D. rils, G. reis, OHG. hris.]

Defn: A bough or branch; a twig. [Obs.]
As white as is the blossom upon the ris. Chaucer.

RISE
Rise, v. i. [imp. Rose; p. p. Risen; p. pr. & vb. n. Rising.] Etym:
[AS. risan; akin to OS. risan, D. rijzen, OHG. risan to rise, fall,
Icel. risa, Goth. urreisan, G. reise journey. CF. Arise, Raise, Rear,
v.]

1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: — (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a fish rises to the bait. (b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in water, and the like. (c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a bullet rises in the air. (d) To grow upward; to attain a certain heght; as, this elm rises to the height of seventy feet. (e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer. (f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from a chair or from a fall. (g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early. He that would thrive, must rise by five. Old Proverb.

(h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the sea. (i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this direction. "A rising ground." Dryden. (j) To retire; to give up a siege. He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . . was gone. Knolles.

(k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like.

2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically: — (a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the like. "He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good." Matt. v. 45. (b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the shore. (c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower. (d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in lakes or springs. A scepter shall rise out of Israel. Num. xxiv. 17. Honor and shame from no condition rise. Pope.

3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. Specifically: — (a) To increase in power or fury; — said of wind or a storm, and hence, of passion. "High winde . . . began to rise, high passions — anger, hate." Milton. (b) To become of higher value; to increase in price. Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the ounce. Locke.

(c) To become larger; to swell; — said of a boil, tumor, and the like. (d) To increase in intensity; — said of heat. (e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice. (f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond his expectations.

4. In various figurative senses. Specifically: — (a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel. At our heels all hell should rise With blackest insurrection. Milton. No more shall nation against nation rise. Pope.

(b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to succeed. Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. Shak.

(c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in interest or power; — said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in interest. (d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur. A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of contemplative natures. Spectator.

(e) To come; to offer itself. There chanced to the prince's hand to rise An ancient book. Spenser.

5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life. But now is Christ risen from the dead. 1. Cor. xv. 20.

6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee rose after agreeing to the report. It was near nine . . . before the House rose. Macaulay.

7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a tone or semitone.

8. (Print.)

Defn: To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; — said of a form.

Syn. — To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale. — Rise, Appreciate. Some in America use the word appreciate for "rise in value;" as, stocks appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive meaning, which ought not to be confused with one so entirely different.

RISE
Rise, n.

1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen.

2. The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step.

3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood on a rise of land. [Colloq.]

4. Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream. All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart. R. Nelson.

5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a planet. Shak.

6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, fame, and the like. The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a Spanish war. Sir W. Temple.

7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice. The ordinary rises and falls of the voice. Bacon.

8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise of a tone or semitone.

9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of the water.

RISEN
Ris"en.

1. p. p. & a. from Rise. "Her risen Son and Lord." Keble.

2. Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Chaucer.

RISER
Ris"er, n.

1. One who rises; as, an early riser.

2. (Arch.) (a) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Hence: (b) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the like.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A shaft excavated from below upward.

4. (Founding)

Defn: A feed head. See under Feed, n.

RISH
Rish, n.

Defn: A rush (the plant). [Obs.] Chaucer.

RISIBILITY
Ris`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [CF. F. risibilité.]

Defn: The quality of being risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the
human species.
A strong and obvious disposition to risibility. Sir W. Scott.

RISIBLE Ris"i*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. risibilis, fr. ridere, risum, to laugh. Cf. Ridiculous.]

1. Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh. Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the definition of man that he is risible. Dr. H. More.

2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. "Risible absurdities." Johnson. I hope you find nothing risible in my complaisance. Sir W. Scott.

3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles.

Note: Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in the plural, for the feeling of amusement and for the muscles and other organs used in laughing, collectively; as, unable to control one's risibles.

Syn. — Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous — Risible, Ludicrous, Ridiculous. Risible differs from ludicrous as species from genus; ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; risible, that which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter implies something contemptuous, and risible does not.

—Ris"i*ble*ness(#), n.
— Ris"i*bly, adv.

RISING
Ris"ing, a.

1. Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an upward direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the rising moon.

2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising state; a rising character. Among the rising theologians of Germany. Hare.

3. Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of active life; as, the rising generation.

RISING
Ris"ing, prep.

Defn: More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six years of age. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]

RISING
Ris"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense).

2. That which rises; a tumor; a boil. Lev. xiii. 10. Rising main (Waterworks), the pipe through which water from an engine is delivered to an elevated reservoir.

RISK Risk, n. Etym: [F. risque; cf. It. risco, risico, rischio, Pg. risco, Sp. riesgo, and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all probably fr. L. resceare to cut off; pref. re- re- + secare to cut; — the word having been probably first used among sailors. See Section.]

1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction. The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has shaken very strong nerves. Macaulay.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. To run a risk, to incur hazard; to encounter danger.

Syn.
— Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See Danger.

RISK
Risk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Risked; p. pr. & vb. n. Risking.] Etym:
[CF. F. risquer. See Risk, n.]

1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in battle; to risk one's fame by a publication.

2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle.

Syn.
— To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.

RISKER
Risk"er, n.

Defn: One who risks or hazards. Hudibras.

RISKFUL
Risk"ful, a.

Defn: Risky. [R.] Geddes.

RISKY
Risk"y, a.

Defn: Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. "A risky matter." W.
Collins.
Generalization are always risky. Lowell.

RISORIAL
Ri*so"ri*al, a.Etym: [L. ridere, risum, to laugh.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as, the risorial muscles.

RISOTTO
Ri*sot"to, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A kind of pottage.

RISQUE; RISQUEE Ris`qué", a. masc., Ris`quée", a. fem.,. [F., p.p. of risquer to risk.]

Defn: Hazardous; risky; esp., fig., verging upon impropriety; dangerously close to, or suggestive of, what is indecent or of doubtful morality; as, a risqué story. Henry Austin.

RISSE
Risse, obs.

Defn: imp. of Rise. B. Jonson.

RISSOID
Ris"soid, n. Etym: [NL. Rissoa, the typical genus ( fr. A.Risso, an
Italian naturalist) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of very numerous species of small spiral gastropods of the genus Rissoa, or family Rissoidæ, found both in fresh and salt water.

RISSOLE
Ris`sole", n. Etym: [F., fr. rissoler to fry meat till it is brown.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry and fried.

RIST
Rist, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. Chaucer.

RIT
Rit, obs.

Defn: 3d pers. ssing. pres. of Ride, contracted from rideth. Chaucer.

RITARDANDO
Ri`tar*dan"do, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Retarding; — a direction for slower time; rallentado.

RITE Rite, n. Etym: [L. ritus; cf. Skr. riti a stream, a running, way, manner, ri to flow: cf. F. rit, rite. CF. Rivulet.]

Defn: The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry. He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of ecclesiastical polity. Macaulay.

Syn.
— Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.

RITENUTO
Ri`te*nu"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Held back; holding back; ritardando.

RITORNELLE; RITORNELLO Rit`or*nelle", Ri`tor*nel"lo, n. Etym: [It. ritornello, dim. of ritorno return, fr. ritornare to return: cf. F. ritournelle.] (Mus.) (a) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air, often consisting of the burden of the song. (a) A short intermediate symphony, or instrumental passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an interlude.

RITRATTO
Ri*trat"to, n.Etym: [It.]

Defn: A picture. Sterne.

RITUAL
Rit"u*al, a.Etym: [L. ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F. rituel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law.

RITUAL
Rit"u*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rituel.]

1. A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual.

2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the ritual of the freemasons.

3. A book containing the rites to be observed.

RITUALISM
Rit"u*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ritualisme.]

1. A system founded upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence to, or observance of, a ritual.

2. Specifically :(a) The principles and practices of those in the Church of England, who in the development of the Oxford movement, so- called, have insisted upon a return to the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments (altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.) that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, as they maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) Also, the principles and practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize with this party in the Church of England.

RITUALIST
Rit"u*al*ist, n. Etym: [CF. F. ritualiste.]

Defn: One skilled un, or attached to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism.

RITUALISTIC
Rit`u*al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to ritualism.

RITUALLY
Rit"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By rites, or by a particular rite.

RIVAGE
Riv"age, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ripa bank, shore.]

1. A bank, shore, or coast. [Archaic] Spenser. From the green rivage many a fall Of diamond rillets musical. Tennyson.

2. (O.Eng.Law)

Defn: A duty paid to the crown for the passage of vessels on certain rivers.

RIVAL Ri"val, n. Etym: [F. rival (cf. It. rivale), L. rivales two neigbors having the same brook in common, rivals, fr. rivalis belonging to a brook, fr. rivus a brook. Cf. Rivulet, Rete.]

1. A person having a common right or privilege with another; a partner. [Obs.] If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. Shak.

2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for a crown.

Note: "Rivals, in the primary sense of the word, are those who dwell on the banks of the same stream. But since, as all experience shows, there is no such fruitful source of coutention as a water right, it would continually happen that these occupants of the opposite banks would be at strife with one another in regard of the periods during which they severally had a right to the use of the stream . . . And thus 'rivals' . . . came to be used of any who were on any grounds in more or less unfriendly competition with one another." Trench.

Syn.
— Competitor; emulator; antagonist.

RIVAL
Ri"val, a.

Defn: Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions. The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two rival confederacies of statesmen. Macaulay.

RIVAL
Ri"val, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rivaled or Rivalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rivaling or Rivalling.]

1. To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to; as, to rival one in love.

2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate. To rival thunder in its rapid course. Dryden.

RIVAL
Ri"val, v. i.

Defn: To be in rivalry. [Obs.] Shak.

RIVALESS
Ri"val*ess, n.

Defn: A female rival. [Obs.] Richardson.

RIVALITY
Ri*val"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rivalitas: cf. F. rivalité.]

1. Rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

2. Equality, as of right or rank. [Obs.] hak.

RIVALRY
Ri"val*ry, n.; pl. Rivalries (.

Defn: The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition. "Keen contention and eager rivalries." Jeffrey.

Syn.
— Emulation; competition. See Emulation.

RIVALSHIP
Ri"val*ship, n.

Defn: Rivalry. [R.] B. Jonson.

RIVE
Rive, v. t. [imp. Rived; p. p. Rived or Riven (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Riving.] Etym: [Icel. rifa, akin to Sw. rifva to pull asunder, burst,
tear, Dan. rive to rake, pluck, tear. Cf. Reef of land, Rifle a gun,
Rift, Rivel.]

Defn: To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to rive
timber for rails or shingles.
I shall ryve him through the sides twain. Chaucer.
The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks. Shak.
Brutus hath rived my heart. Shak.

RIVE
Rive, v. i.

Defn: To be split or rent asunder.
Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction. Woodward.

RIVE
Rive, n.

Defn: A place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.]

RIVEL
Riv"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riveled;p. pr. & vb. n. Riveling.] Etym:
[AS. gerifled, geriflod, gerifod, wrinkled, geriflian, gerifian, to
wrinkle. See Rifle a gun, Rive.]

Defn: To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as, riveled fruit; riveled flowers. [Obs.] Pope. "Riveled parchments." Walpole.

RIVEL
Riv"el, n.

Defn: A wrinkle; a rimple. [Obs.] Holland.

RIVEN
Riv"en,

Defn: p. p. & a. from Rive.

RIVER
Riv"er, n.

Defn: One who rives or splits.

RIVER Riv"er, n. Etym: [F. rivère a river, LL. riparia river, bank of a river, fr. L. riparius belonging to a bank or shore, fr. ripa a bank or shore; of uncertain origin. Cf. Arrive, Riparian.]

1. A large stream of water flowing in a bed or channel and emptying into the ocean, a sea, a lake, or another stream; a stream larger than a rivulet or brook. Transparent and sparkling rivers, from which it is delightful to drink as they flow. Macaulay.

2. Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers of blood; rivers of oil. River chub (Zoöl.), the hornyhead and allied species of fresh-water fishes. — River crab (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water crabs of the genus Thelphusa, as T. depressa of Southern Europe. — River dragon, a crocodile; — applied by Milton to the king of Egypt. — River driver, a lumberman who drives or conducts logs down rivers. Bartlett. — River duck (Zoöl.), any species of duck belonging to Anas, Spatula, and allied genera, in which the hind toe is destitute of a membranous lobe, as in the mallard and pintail; — opposed to sea duck. — River god, a deity supposed to preside over a river as its tutelary divinity. — River herring (Zoöl.), an alewife. — River hog. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of African wild hogs of the genus Potamochoerus. They frequent wet places along the rivers. (b) The capybara. — River horse (Zoöl.), the hippopotamus. — River jack (Zoöl.), an African puff adder (Clotho nasicornis) having a spine on the nose. — River limpet (Zoöl.), a fresh-water, air-breathing mollusk of the genus Ancylus, having a limpet-shaped shell. — River pirate (Zoöl.), the pike. — River snail (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water gastropods of Paludina, Melontho, and allied genera. See Pond snail, under Pond. — River tortoise (Zoöl.), any one of numerous fresh-water tortoises inhabiting rivers, especially those of the genus Trionyx and allied genera. See Trionyx.

RIVER
Riv"er, v. i.

Defn: To hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river fowl.
[Obs.] Halliwell.

RIVERED
Riv"ered, a.

Defn: Supplied with rivers; as, a well rivered country.

RIVERET
Riv"er*et, n.

Defn: A rivulet. [Obs.] Drayton.

RIVERHOOD
Riv"er*hood, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being a river. "Useful riverhood." H.
Miller.

RIVERLING
Riv"er*ling, n.

Defn: A rivulet. [R.] Sylvester.

RIVERSIDE
Riv"er*side`, n.

Defn: The side or bank of a river.

RIVERY
Riv"er*y, a.

Defn: Having rivers; as, a rivery country. Drayton.

RIVET Riv"et, n. Etym: [F., fr. river to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. rifa to fasten together. Cf. Reef part of a sail.]

Defn: A metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or pieces of material together, by passing it through them and then beating or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends. With busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. Rivet joint, or Riveted joint, a joint between two or more pieces secured by rivets.

RIVET
Riv"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riveted; p. pr. & vb. n. Riveting.]

1. To fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron.

2. To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin, rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort of head.

3. Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or immovable; as, to rivet friendship or affection. Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye powers! Congreve. Thus his confidence was riveted and confirmed. Sir W. Scott.

RIVETER
Riv"et*er, n.

Defn: One who rivets.

RIVETING
Riv"et*ing, n.

1. The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing.

2. The whole set of rivets, collectively. Tomlinsin. Butt riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates form a butt joint, and are fastened together by being riveted to a narrow strip which covers the joint. — Chain riveting, riveting in which the rivets, in two or more rows along the seam, are set one behind the other. — Crossed riveting, riveting in which the rivets in one row are set opposite the spaces between the rivets in the next row. — Double riveting, in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along the seam; in butt riveting, four rows, two on each side of the joint. — Lap riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates overlap and are riveted together.

RIVIERE
Ri`vière", n. [F.]

Defn: A necklace of diamonds or other precious stones, esp. one of several strings.

RIVOSE
Ri*vose", a. Etym: [From L. rivus a brook, channel.]

Defn: Marked with sinuate and irregular furrows.

RIVULET Riv"u*let, n. Etym: [Earlier rivolet, It. rivoletto, a dim. fr. rivolo, L. rivulus, dim. of rivus a brook. CF. Rival, Rite.]

Defn: A small stream or brook; a streamlet.
By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them. Milton.

RIXATION Rix*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. rixari, p. p. rixatus, to brawl, fr. rixa a quarrel.]

Defn: A brawl or quarrel. [Obs.]

RIXATRIX
Rix*a"trix, n. Etym: [L.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A scolding or quarrelsome woman; a scold. Burrill.

RIXDALER
Rix"da`ler, n.

Defn: A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00.

RIX-DOLLAR Rix"-dol`lar, n. Etym: [Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or D. rijksdaalder, or G. reichsthaler, literally, dollar of the empire or realm, fr. words akin to E. rich, and dollar. See Rich, Dollar.]

Defn: A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and Rixdaler.

Note: Most of these pieces are now no longer coined, but some remain in circulation.

RIZZAR
Riz"zar, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: To dry in the sun; as, rizzared haddock. [Scot.]

ROACH
Roach, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cockroach.

ROACH
Roach, n. Etym: [OE. rroche; cf. AS. reohha, D. rog, roch, G. roche,
LG. ruche, Dan. rokke ray, Sw. rocka, and E. ray a fish.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A European fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back. (b) An American chub (Semotilus bullaris); the fallfish. (c) The redfin, or shiner.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better fit. As sound as a roach Etym: [roach perhaps being a corruption of a F. roche a rock], perfectly sound.

ROACH
Roach, v. t.

1. To cause to arch.

2. To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall stand upright.

ROACH-BACKED
Roach"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a back like that of roach; — said of a horse whose back a convex instead of a concave curve.

ROAD Road, n. Etym: [AS. rad a riding, that on which one rides or travels, a road, fr. ridan to ride. See Ride, and cf. Raid.]

1. A journey, or stage of a journey. [Obs.] With easy roads he came to Leicester. Shak.

2. An inroad; an invasion; a raid. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel, forming a means of communication between one city, town, or place, and another. The most villainous house in all the London road. Shak.

Note: The word is generally applied to highways, and as a generic term it includes highway, street, and lane.

4. Etym: [Possibly akin to Icel. reithi the rigging of a ship, E. ready.]

Defn: A place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; a roadstead; — often in the plural; as, Hampton Roads. Shak.

Now strike your saile, ye jolly mariners, For we be come unto a quiet
rode [road]. Spenser.
On, or Upon, the road, traveling or passing over a road; coming or
going; on the way.
My hat and wig will soon be here, They are upon the road. Cowper.
— Road agent, a highwayman, especially on the stage routes of the
unsettled western parts of the United States; — a humorous
euphemism. [Western U.S.]
The highway robber — road agent he is quaintly called. The century.
— Road book, a quidebook in respect to roads and distances.
— Road metal, the broken, stone used in macadamizing roads.
— Road roller, a heavy roller, or combinations of rollers, for
making earth, macadam, or concrete roads smooth and compact.
— often driven by steam.
— Road runner (Zoöl.), the chaparral cock.
— Road steamer, a locomotive engine adapted to running on common
roads.
— To go on the road, to engage in the business of a commercial
traveler. [Colloq.] — To take the road, to begin or engage in
traveling.
— To take to the road, to engage in robbery upon the highways.

Syn.
— Way; highway; street; lane; pathway; route; passage; course. See
Way.

ROADBED
Road"bed`, n.

Defn: In railroads, the bed or foundation on which the superstructure (ties, rails, etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole material laid in place and ready for travel.

ROADLESS
Road"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of roads.

ROADMAKER
Road"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes roads.

ROADSIDE
Road"side`, n.

Defn: Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or highway that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively.

ROADSTEAD
Road"stead, n. Etym: [Road,4 + stead a place.]

Defn: An anchorage off shore. Same as Road, 4.
Moored in the neighboring roadstead. Longfellow.

ROADSTER
Road"ster, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A clumsy vessel that works its way from one anchorage to another by means of the tides. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

2. A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the high road, or is suitable for use on ordinary roads. A sound, swift, well-fed hunter and roadster. Thackeray.

3. A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads rather than for the racing track.

4. One who drives much; a coach driver. [Eng.]

5. A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds across country. [Eng. Slang.]

ROADWAY
Road"way`, n.

Defn: A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages. Shak.

ROAM Roam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Roaming.] Etym: [OE. romen, ramen; cf. AS. ar to raise, rise, D. ramen to hit, plan, aim, OS. r to strive after, OHG. ramen. But the word was probably influenced by Rome; cf. OF. romier a pilgrim, originally, a pilgrim going to Rome, It. romeo, Sp. romero. Cf. Ramble.]

Defn: To go from place to place without any certain purpose or
direction; to rove; to wander.
He roameth to the carpenter's house. Chaucer.
Daphne roaming through a thorny wood. Shak.

Syn.
— To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble.

ROAM
Roam, v. t.

Defn: To range or wander over.
And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam. Milton.

ROAM
Roam, n.

Defn: The act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his roam o'er hill amd dale. Milton.

ROAMER
Roam"er, n.

Defn: One who roams; a wanderer.

ROAN
Roan, a. Etym: [F. rouan; cf. Sp. roano, ruano, It. rovano, roano.]

1. Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white thickly interspersed; — said of a horse. Give my roan a drench. Shak.

2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. Roan antelope (Zoöl.), a very large South African antelope (Hippotragus equinus). It has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called also mahnya, equine antelope, and bastard gemsbok.

ROAN
Roan, n.

1. The color of a roan horse; a roan color.

2. A roan horse.

3. A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained morocco. DeColange. Roan tree. (Bot.) See Rowan tree.

ROAR
Roar, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roared; p. pr. & vvb. n. Roaring.] Etym:
[OE. roren, raren, AS. rarian; akin to G. röhten, OHG. r. sq.
root112.]

1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Specifically: (a) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or other beast. Roaring bulls he would him make to tame. Spenser.

(b) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger. Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief Roared out for anguish, and indulged his grief. Dryden. He scorned to roar under the impressions of a finite anger. South.

2. To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing vehicles, a crowd of persons when shouting together, or the like. The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar. Milton. How oft I crossed where carts and coaches roar. Gay.

3. To be boisterous; to be disorderly. It was a mad, roaring time, full of extravagance. Bp. Burnet.

4. To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers roared at his jokes.

5. To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a certain disease. See Roaring, 2. Roaring boy, a roaring, noisy fellow; — name given, at the latter end Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous fellows who raised disturbances in the street. "Two roaring boys of Rome, that made all split." Beau & Fl. — Roaring forties (Naut.), a sailor's name for the stormy tract of ocean between 40º and 50º north latitude.

ROAR
Roar, v. t.

Defn: To cry aloud; to proclaim loudly.
This last action will roar thy infamy. Ford.

ROAR
Roar, n.

Defn: The sound of roaring. Specifically: (a) The deep, loud cry of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion. (b) The cry of one in pain, distress, anger, or the like. (c) A loud, continuous, and confused sound; as, the roar of a cannon, of the wind, or the waves; the roar of ocean. Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening roar! Byron.

(d) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth. Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant roar of laughter. Macaulay.

ROARER
Roar"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, roars. Specifically: (a) A riotous fellow; a roaring boy. A lady to turn roarer, and break glasses. Massinger. (b) (Far.)

Defn: A horse subject to roaring. See Roaring, 2.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The barn owl. [Prov.Eng.]

ROARING
Roar"ing, n.

1. A loud, deep, prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or of a person in distress, anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy congregation.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a loud, peculiar noise in breathing under exertion; the making of the noise so caused. See Roar, v. i., 5.

ROARING FORTIES
Roar"ing for"ties. (Naut.)

Defn: The middle latitudes of the southern hemisphere. So called from the boisterous and prevailing westerly winds, which are especially strong in the South Indian Ocean up to 50º S.

ROARINGLY
Roar"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a roaring manner.

ROAST
Roast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roasting.] Etym:
[OE. rosten, OF. rostir, F. rôtir; of German origin; cf. OHG. rosten,
G. rösten, fr. OHG. rost, rosta, gridiron, G. rost; cf. AS. hyrstan
to roast.]

1. To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to roast meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a close oven.

2. To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.; as, to roast a potato in ashes. In eggs boiled and roasted there is scarce difference to be discerned. BAcon.

3. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee; to roast chestnuts, or peanuts.

4. Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn. "Roasted in wrath and fire." Shak.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: To dissipate by heat the volatile parts of, as ores.

6. To banter severely. [Colloq.] Atterbury.

ROAST
Roast, v. i.

1. To cook meat, fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire or in an oven. He could roast, and seethe, and broil, and fry. Chaucer.

2. To undergo the process of being roasted.

ROAST
Roast, n.

Defn: That which is roasted; a piece of meat which has been roasted, or is suitable for being roasted. A fat swan loved he best of any roost [roast]. Chaucer. To rule the roast, to be at the head of affairs. "The new-made duke that rules the roast." Shak.

ROAST
Roast, a. Etym: [For roasted.]

Defn: Roasted; as, roast beef.

ROASTER
Roast"er, n.

1. One who roasts meat.

2. A contrivance for roasting.

3. A pig, or other article of food fit for roasting.

ROASTING
Roast"ing,

Defn: a. & n., from Roast, v. Roasting ear, an ear of Indian corn at that stage of development when it is fit to be eaten roasted. — Roasting jack, a machine for turning a spit on which meat is roasted.

ROB Rob, n. Etym: [F.; cf. Sp. rob, It. rob, robbo, Pg. robe, arrobe, Ar. rubb, robb, Per. rub.]

Defn: The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by evaporation of the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence of a sirup. It is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. [Written also rhob, and rohob.]

ROB Rob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Robbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Robbing.] Etym: [OF. rober, of German origin; cf. OHG. roub, G. rauben, and OHG. roub robbing, booty, G. raub. sq. root114. See Reave,and cf. Robe.]

1. To take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to steal from. Who would rob a hermit of his weeds, His few books, or his beads, or maple dish Milton. He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen, Let him not know it, and he's not robbed at all. Shak. To be executed for robbing a church. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: To take the property of (any one) from his person, or in his presence, feloniously, and against his will, by violence or by putting him in fear.

3. To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good name; a tree robs the plants near it of sunlight. I never robbed the soldiers of their pay. Shak.

ROB
Rob, v. i.

Defn: To take that which belongs to another, without right or permission, esp. by violence. I am accursed to rob in that thief's company. Shak.

ROBALO; ROBALITO
Rob"a*lo, n. [Sp. róbalo.]

Defn: Any of several pikelike marine fishes of the West Indies and tropical America constituting the family Oxylabracidæ, esp. the largest species (Oxylabrax, syn. Centropomus, undecimalis), a valuable food fish called also snook, the smaller species being called Rob`a*li"to.

ROBAND
Rob"and, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Roperand.

ROBBER
Rob"ber, n.

Defn: One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person of another by violence or by putting him in fear. Some roving robber calling to his fellows. Milton.

Syn.
— Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager; rifler;
brigang; freebooter; pirate. See Thief. Robber crab. (Zoöl.) (a) A
purse crab. (b) Any hermit crab.
— Robber fly. (Zoöl.) Same as Hornet fly, under Hornet.
— Robber gull (Zoöl.), a jager gull.

ROBBERY
Rob"ber*y, n.; pl. Robberies. Etym: [OF. roberie.]

1. The act or practice of robbing; theft. Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges steal themselves. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The crime of robbing. See Rob, v. t., 2.

Note: Robbery, in a strict sense, differs from theft, as it is effected by force or intimidation, whereas theft is committed by stealth, or privately.

Syn. — Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation; despoilment; plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny; freebooting; piracy.

ROBBIN
Rob"bin, n. (Com.)

Defn: A kind of package in which pepper and other dry commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Simmonds.

ROBBIN
Rob"bin, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Ropeband.

ROBE Robe, n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. rauba a gown, dress, garment; originally, booty, plunder. See Rob, v. t., and cf. Rubbish.]

1. An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like. Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred gowns hide all. Shak.

2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. [U.S.] Master of the robes, an officer of the English royal household (when the sovereign is a king) whose duty is supposed to consist in caring for the royal robes. — Mistress of the robes, a lady who enjoys the highest rank of the ladies in the service of the English sovereign (when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her robes.

ROBE
Robe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Robed; p. pr. & vb. n. Robing.]

Defn: To invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with green. The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared. Pope. Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it in the brightest smiles of spring. Wirt.

ROBE-DE-CHAMBRE
Robe`-de-cham"bre, n. Etym: [F., lit., a chamber gown.]

Defn: A dressing gown, or morning gown.

ROBERDSMAN; ROBERTSMAN
Rob"erds*man, Rob"erts*man, n.; pl. -men. ( (Old Statutes of Eng.)

Defn: A bold, stout robber, or night thief; — said to be so called from Robin Hood.

ROBERT
Rob"ert, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Herb Robert, under Herb.

ROBIN Rob"in, n. Etym: [Properly a pet name for Robert, originally meaning, famebright; F., fron OHG. Roudperht; ruod (in comp.; akin to AS. hr glory, fame, Goth. hr victorius) + beraht bright. See Bright, Hob a clown.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; — called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. (b) An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. (c) Any one of several species of Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor) (d) Any one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, below. Beach robin (Zoöl.), the robin snipe, or knot. See Knot. — Blue-throated robin. (Zoöl.) See Bluethroat. — Canada robin (Zoöl.), the cedar bird. — Golden robin (Zoöl.), the Baltimore oriole. — Ground robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. — Indian robin (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the genera Thamnobia and Pratincola. They are mostly black, usually with some white on the wings. — Magrie robin (Zoöl.), an Asiatic singing bird (Corsycus saularis), having the back, head, neck, and breast black glossed with blue, the wings black, and the belly white. — Ragged robin. (Bot.) See under Ragged. — Robin accentor (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic singing bird (Accentor rubeculoides), somewhat resembling the European robin. — Robin redbreast. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American robin. (c) The American bluebird. — Robin snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher. (b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or knot. — Robin's plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain. — Sea robin. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of American gurnards of the genus Prionotus. They are excellent food fishes. Called also wingfish. The name is also applied to a European gurnard. (b) The red-breasted merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.] — Water robin (Zoöl.), a redstart (Ruticulla fuliginosa), native of India.

ROBINET
Rob"i*net, n.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) The chaffinch; — called also roberd. (b) The European robin.

2. A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones.

ROBING
Rob"ing, n.

Defn: The act of putting on a robe. Robing room, a room where official robes are put on, as by judges, etc.

ROBIN GOODFELLOW
Rob"in Good"fel`low.

Defn: A celebrated fairy; Puck. See Puck. Shak.

ROBINIA Ro**bin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called after Jean Robin, a French herbalist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous trees including the common locust of
North America (Robinia Pseudocacia).

ROBLE
Ro"ble, n. [Sp., oak.] (Bot.)

Defn: The California white oak (Quercus lobata).

ROBORANT
Rob"o*rant, a. Etym: [L. roborans, p. pr. See Roborate.]

Defn: Strengthening.
— n. (Med.)

Defn: A strengthening medicine; a tonic.

ROBORATE Rob"o*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. roboratus, p. pr. of roborare to strengthen, fr. robur, roboris, strength.]

Defn: To give strength or support to; to confirm. [Obs.] Fuller.

ROBORATION
Rob`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [LL. roboratio.]

Defn: The act of strengthening. [Obs.] Coles.

ROBOREAN; ROBOREOUS
Ro*bo"re*an, Ro*bo"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. roboreus.]

Defn: Made of oak. [Obs.]

ROBUST Ro*bust", a. Etym: [L. robustus oaken, hard, strong, fr. robur strength, a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. rabhas violence: cf. F. robuste.]

1. Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health.

2. Violent; rough; rude. While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.

3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Locke.

Syn. — Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale; hearty; vigorous; forceful; sound. — Robust, Strong. Robust means, literally, made of oak, and hence implies great compactness and toughness of muscle, connected with a thick-set frame and great powers of endurance. Strong denotes the power of exerting great physical force. The robust man can bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on through every kind of hardship; the strong man can lift a great weight, can give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe. "Robust, tough sinews bred to toil." Cowper. Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong, That nothing may sustain his furious force. Spenser.

ROBUSTIOUS
Ro*bus"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. L. robusteus of oak.]

Defn: Robust. [Obs. or Humorous] W. Irving.
In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more robustious manner.
Milton.
— Ro*bus"tious*ly, adv.
— Ro*bus"tious*ness, n.

ROBUSTLY
Ro*bust"ly, adv.

Defn: In a robust manner.

ROBUSTNESS
Ro*bust"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being robust.

ROC
Roc, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. rokh or rukh. Cf. Rook a castle.]

Defn: A monstrous bird of Arabian mythology. [Written also rock, and rukh.] Brande & C.

ROCAILLE Ro`caille", n. [F. Cf. Rock a stone.] (Art) (a) Artificial rockwork made of rough stones and cement, as for gardens. (b) The rococo system of scroll ornament, based in part on the forms of shells and water-worn rocks.

ROCAMBOLE
Roc"am*bole, n. Etym: [F.] [Written also rokambole.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name of Allium Scorodoprasum and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of garlic, the latter of which is also called shallot.

ROCCELLIC
Roc*cel"lic, a. Etym: [F. roccellique, fr. roccelle archil, It. & NL.
roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because archil grows on rock.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4.

ROCCELLIN
Roc*cel"lin, n.

Defn: A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, archil, etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative of naphtol.

ROCHE
Roche, n. Etym: [See Rock.]

Defn: Rock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROCHE ALUM
Roche" al`um. (Chem.)

Defn: A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; — so called from Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been obtained; — also called rock alum.

ROCHELIME
Roche"lime`, n. Etym: [F. roche rock + E. lime.]

Defn: Lime in the lump after it is burned; quicklime. [Eng.]

ROCHELLE
Ro*chelle", n.

Defn: A seaport town in France. Rochelle powders. Same as Seidlitz powders. — Rochelle salt (Chem.), the double tartrate of sodium and potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste and is employed as a mild purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an apothecary of Rochelle, and is called also Seignete's salt.

ROCHE MOUTONNEE
Roche" mou`ton`née". Etym: [F., sheep-shaped rock.] (Geol.)

Defn: See Sheepback.

ROCHET
Roch"et, n. Etym: [F., dim. fr. OHG. rocch coat, G. rock.]

1. (Eccl.)

Defn: A linen garment resembling the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also without sleeves, worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in certain religious ceremonies. They see no difference between an idler with a hat and national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet. Burke.

2. A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ROCHET Roch"et, n. Etym: [Probably corrupted fr. F. rouget the red gurnet, from rouge red. CF. Rouge.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red gurnard, or gurnet. See Gurnard.

ROCHING CASK
Roch"ing cask`. Etym: [Probably from F. roche a rock.]

Defn: A tank in which alum is crystallized from a solution.

ROCK
Rock, n.

Defn: See Roc.

ROCK Rock, n. Etym: [OE. rocke; akin to D. rok, rokken, G. rocken, OHG. roccho, Dan. rok, Icel. rokkr. Cf. Rocket a firework.]

Defn: A distaff used in spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and from which the thread is drawn in spinning. Chapman. Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain, That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid. Spenser.

ROCK
Rock, n. Etym: [OF. roke, F. roche; cf. Armor. roc'h, and AS. rocc.]

1. A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or
crag. See Stone.
Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its firm base as soon as
I. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when in natural beds.

3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a refuge. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. 2 Sam. xxii. 2.

4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the wreck of a vessel upon a rock.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The striped bass. See under Bass.

Note: This word is frequently used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, rock-bound, rock-built, rock-ribbed, rock- roofed, and the like. Rock alum. Etym: [Probably so called by confusion with F. roche a rock.] Same as Roche alum. — Rock barnacle (Zoöl.), a barnacle (Balanus balanoides) very abundant on rocks washed by tides. — Rock bass. (Zoöl.) (a) The stripped bass. See under Bass. (b) The goggle-eye. (c) The cabrilla. Other species are also locally called rock bass. — Rock builder (Zoöl.), any species of animal whose remains contribute to the formation of rocks, especially the corals and Foraminifera. — Rock butter (Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide of iron, usually in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring in cavities and fissures in argillaceous slate. — Rock candy, a form of candy consisting of crystals of pure sugar which are very hard, whence the name. — Rock cavy. (Zoöl.) See Moco. — Rock cod (Zoöl.) (a) A small, often reddish or brown, variety of the cod found about rocks andledges. (b) A California rockfish. — Rock cook. (Zoöl.) (a) A European wrasse (Centrolabrus exoletus). (b) A rockling. — Rock cork (Min.), a variety of asbestus the fibers of which are loosely interlaced. It resembles cork in its texture. — Rock crab (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large crabs of the genus Cancer, as the two species of the New England coast (C. irroratus and C. borealis). See Illust. under Cancer. — Rock cress (Bot.), a name of several plants of the cress kind found on rocks, as Arabis petræa, A. lyrata, etc. — Rock crystal (Min.), limpid quartz. See Quartz, and under Crystal. — Rock dove (Zoöl.), the rock pigeon; — called also rock doo. — Rock drill, an implement for drilling holes in rock; esp., a machine impelled by steam or compressed air, for drilling holes for blasting, etc. — Rock duck (Zoöl.), the harlequin duck. — Rock eel. (Zoöl.) See Gunnel. — Rock goat (Zoöl.), a wild goat, or ibex. — Rock hopper (Zoöl.), a penguin of the genus Catarractes. See under Penguin. — Rock kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo, and Petrogale. — Rock lobster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large spinose lobsters of the genera Panulirus and Palinurus. They have no large claws. Called also spiny lobster, and sea crayfish. — Rock meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite occuring as an efflorescence. — Rock milk. (Min.) See Agaric mineral, under Agaric. — Rock moss, a kind of lichen; the cudbear. See Cudbear. — Rock oil. See Petroleum. — Rock parrakeet (Zoöl.), a small Australian parrakeet (Euphema petrophila), which nests in holes among the rocks of high cliffs. Its general color is yellowish olive green; a frontal band and the outer edge of the wing quills are deep blue, and the central tail feathers bluish green. — Rock pigeon (Zoöl.), the wild pigeon (Columba livia) Of Europe and Asia, from which the domestic pigeon was derived. See Illust. under Pigeon. — Rock pipit. (Zoöl.) See the Note under Pipit. — Rock plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied, or whistling, plover. (b) The rock snipe. — Rock ptarmigan (Zoöl.), an arctic American ptarmigan (Lagopus rupestris), which in winter is white, with the tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish brown, coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black patches on the back. — Rock rabbit (Zoöl.), the hyrax. See Cony, and Daman. — Rock ruby (Min.), a fine reddish variety of garnet. — Rock salt (Min.), cloride of sodium (common salt) occuring in rocklike masses in mines; mineral salt; salt dug from the earth. In the United States this name is sometimes given to salt in large crystals, formed by evaporation from sea water in large basins or cavities. — Rock seal (Zoöl.), the harbor seal. See Seal. — Rock shell (Zoöl.), any species of Murex, Purpura, and allied genera. — Rock snake (Zoöl.), any one of several large pythons; as, the royal rock snake (Python regia) of Africa, and the rock snake of India (P. molurus). The Australian rock snakes mostly belong to the allied genus Morelia. — Rock snipe (Zoöl.), the purple sandpiper (Tringa maritima); — called also rock bird, rock plover, winter snipe. — Rock soap (Min.), a kind of clay having a smooth, greasy feel, and adhering to the tongue. — Rock sparrow. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of Old World sparrows of the genus Petronia, as P. stulla, of Europe. (b) A North American sparrow (Pucæa ruficeps). — Rock tar, petroleum. — Rock thrush (Zoöl.), any Old World thrush of the genus Monticola, or Petrocossyphus; as, the European rock thrush (M. saxatilis), and the blue rock thrush of India (M. cyaneus), in which the male is blue throughout. — Rock tripe (Bot.), a kind of lichen (Umbilicaria Dillenii) growing on rocks in the northen parts of America, and forming broad, flat, coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish expansions. It has been used as food in cases of extremity. — Rock trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Hexagrammus, family Chiradæ, native of the North Pacific coasts; — called also sea trout, boregat, bodieron, and starling. — Rock warbler (Zoöl.), a small Australian singing bird (Origma rubricata) which frequents rocky ravines and water courses; — called also cataract bird. — Rock wren (Zoöl.), any one of several species of wrens of the genus Salpinctes, native of the arid plains of Lower California and Mexico.

ROCK Rock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rocked;p. pr. & vb. n. Rocking.] Etym: [AS. roccian; akin to Dan. rokke to move, to snake; cf. Icel. rukkja to pull, move, G. rücken to move, push, pull.]

1. To cause to sway backward and forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or totter. A rising earthquake rocked the ground. Dryden.

2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to still; to quiet. "Sleep rock thy brain." Shak.

Note: Rock differs from shake, as denoting a slower, less violent, and more uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended.

ROCK
Rock, v. i.

1. To move or be moved backward and forward; to be violently agitated; to reel; to totter. The rocking town Supplants their footsteps. J. Philips .

2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock in a rocking-chair.

ROCKAWAY
Rock"a*way, Etym: [Probably from Rockaway beach, where it was used.]

Defn: Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing top, open at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which could be let down when occasion required; now, a somewhat similar, but heavier, carriage, inclosed, except in front, and having a door at each side.

ROCKELAY; ROCKLAY
Rock"e*lay, Rock"lay, n.

Defn: See Rokelay. [Scot.]

ROCKER
Rock"er, n.

1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor, some thirty years since, to attend on your highness in your infancy. Fuller.

2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, etc., rocks.

3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc., by agitation in water.

4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking-horse.

5. A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking-chair.

6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker of a cradle.

7. (Mach.)

Defn: Same as Rock shaft. Rocker arm (Mach.), an arm borne by a rock shaft. To be off one's rocker, to be insane.

ROCKERED
Rock"ered, a. (Naut.)