C (part 2)

Defn: The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856. Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb. Caput mortuum (. Etym: [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.

CAPYBARA
Ca`py*ba"ra, n. Etym: [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South American rodent (Hydrochærus capybara) Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; — called also cabiai and water hog.

CAR Car, n. Etym: [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.]

1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.

2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]

Note: In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train.

3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic]. The gilded car of day. Milton. The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson.

4. (Astron.)

Defn: The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the
Dipper.
The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden.

5. The cage of a lift or elevator.

6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc.

7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.] Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] — Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. — Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] — Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] — Horse car, or Street car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] — Palace car, Drawing- room car, Sleeping car, Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.

CARABAO
Ca`ra*ba"o, n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The water buffalo. [Phil. Islands]

CARABID
Car"a*bid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Carbus or family Carabidæ. — n.

Defn: One of the Carabidæ, a family of active insectivorous beetles.

CARABINE
Car"a*bine, n. (Mil.)

Defn: A carbine.

CARABINEER
Car`a*bi*neer", n.

Defn: A carbineer.

CARABOID
Car"a*boid, a. Etym: [Carabus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to the genus Carabus.

CARABUS
Car"a*bus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects.

CARAC
Car"ac, n.

Defn: See Carack.

CARACAL Car"a*cal, n. Etym: [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black + goofag ear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lynx (Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.

CARACARA
Ca"`ra*ca"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called carrion buzzards.

Note: The black caracara is Ibycter ater; the chimango is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis.

CARACK
Car"ack, n. Etym: [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.),
LL. carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorqur (pl.
qaraqir) a carack.] (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and
Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also carrack.]
The bigger whale like some huge carrack law. Waller.

CARACOLE Car"a*cole, n. Etym: [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.]

1. (Man.)

Defn: A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the left.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A staircase in a spiral form. En caracole ( Etym: [F.], spiral; — said of a staircase.

CARACOLE
Car"a*cole, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caracoled.] Etym: [Cf. F. caracoler.]
(Man.)

Defn: To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.
Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott.

CARACOLY
Car"a*col`y, n.

Defn: An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly is made.

CARACORE; CARACORA
Car"a*core, Car"a*co`ra, n. Etym: [Malay kurakura.]

Defn: A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East Indies.

CARACUL
Ca`ra*cul", n.

Defn: Var. of Karakul, a kind of fur.

CARAFE
Ca*rafe", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; — called also croft.

CARAGEEN; CARAGHEEN
Car"a*geen` or Car"a*gheen`, n.

Defn: See Carrageen.

CARAMBOLA
Ca`ram*bo"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry.

CARAMEL Car"a*mel, n. Etym: [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna mellis, cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.

2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.

CARANGOID
Ca*ran"goid, a. Etym: [Caranx + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Carangidæ, a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish.

CARANX
Ca"ranx, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.

CARAPACE
Car"a*pace, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.

CARAPATO
Ca`ra*pa"to, n. Etym: [Pg. carrapato.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American tick of the genus Amblyamma. There are several species, very troublesome to man and beast.

CARAPAX
Car"a*pax, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Carapace.

CARAT Car"at, n. Etym: [F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar. q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat, fr. Gr. Horn.]

1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.

Note: The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Titfany.

2. A twenty-fourth part; — a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.

Note: A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.

CARAVAN Car"a*van, n. Etym: [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karmwan a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.]

1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa.

2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts.

3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; — sometimes shorted into van.

CARAVANEER
Car`a*van*eer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. caravanier.]

Defn: The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.

CARAVANSARY
Car`a*van"sa*ry, n.; pl. Caravansaries Etym: [F. caravansérai, fr.
Per. karwansara\'8b; karwan caravan + -sara\'8b palace, large house,
inn.]

Defn: A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written also caravanserai and caravansera.]

CARAVEL Car"a*vel, n. Etym: [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp. carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. [written also caravel and caravelle.] (Naut.)

Defn: A name given to several kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great voyage. (b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden. (c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war.

CARAWAY Car"a*way, n. Etym: [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea, al- carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar. karawi\'befr. Gr. caraum.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A biennial plant of the Parsley family (Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.

2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds. Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan.

CARBAMIC
Car*bam"ic, a. Etym: [Carbon + amido.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to an acid so called. Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; — called also amido formic acid.

CARBAMIDE
Car*bam"ide, n. Etym: [Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name for urea.

CARBAMINE
Car*bam"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.

CARBANIL
Car"ba*nil, n. Etym: [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A mobile liquid, CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.

CARBAZOL
Car"ba*zol, n. Etym: [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystallized substance, C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other amines.

CARBAZOTATE
Car*baz"o*tate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.

CARBAZOTIC
Car`ba*zot"ic, a. Etym: [Carbon + azole.]

Defn: Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen. Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric acid. See under Picric.

CARBIDE
Car"bide, n. Etym: [Carbon + -ide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of carbon with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; — formerly termed carburet.

CARBIMIDE
Car"bi*mide, n. Etym: [Carbon + imide] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic.

CARBINE Car"bine, n. Etym: [F. carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot. calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF. cable, chable, an engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula, cabulus, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.)

Defn: A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or cavalry.

CARBINEER
Car`bi*neer", n. Etym: [F. carabinier.] (Mil.)

Defn: A soldier armed with a carbine.

CARBINOL
Car"bi*nol, n. Etym: [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; — also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type.

CARBOHYDRATE
Car`bo*hy"drate, n. Etym: [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6.

CARBOHYDRIDE
Car`bo*hy"dride, n. Etym: [Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon.

CARBOLIC
Car*bol"ic, a. Etym: [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol). See Phenol.

CARBOLIZE
Car"bo*lize, v. t. (Med.)

Defn: To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid.

CARBON
Car"bon, n. Etym: [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.)

Defn: An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite. Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory. The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen -Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic. — Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. — Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. — Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney. — Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.

CARBONACEOUS
Car"bo*na`ceous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.

CARBONADE; CARBONADO Car"bo*nade, Car`bo*na"do, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery)

Defn: Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]

CARBONADO; CARBONADE Car`bo*na"do, Car"bo*nade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing.]

1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [Obs.] A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl.

2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.] I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak.

CARBONADO
Car`bo*na"do, n.; pl. Carbonadoes. Etym: [Pg., carbonated.] (Min.)

Defn: A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous.

CARBONARISM
Car`bo*na"rism, n.

Defn: The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.

CARBONARO
Car`bo*na"ro, n.; pl. Carbonari. Etym: [It., a coal man.]

Defn: A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic.

Note: The origin of the Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted.

CARBONATATION
Car`bon*a*ta"tion, n. Etym: [From Carbonate.] (Sugar Making)

Defn: The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas.
Knight.

CARBONATE
Car"bon*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc.

CARBONATED
Car"bon*a`ted, a.

Defn: Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid.

CARBONE
Car"bone, v. t. Etym: [See Carbonado.]

Defn: To broil. [Obs.] "We had a calf's head carboned". Pepys.

CARBONIC
Car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. — Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide.

CARBONIDE
Car"bon*ide, n.

Defn: A carbide. [R.]

CARBONIFEROUS
Car`bon*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Carbon + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. — Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age or period. See the Diagram under Geology.

CARBONITE
Car"bon*ite, n. [Carbon + -ite.]

1.

Defn: An explosive consisting essentially of nitroglycerin, wood meal, and some nitrate, as that of sodium.

2. An explosive composed of nitrobenzene, saltpeter, sulphur, and kieselguhr.

CARBONIZATION
Car`bon*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carbonisation.]

Defn: The act or process of carbonizing.

CARBONIZE
Car"bon*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carbonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. carboniser.]

1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char.

2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation.

CARBONOMETER
Car`bon*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Carbon + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means.

CARBON PROCESS
Car"bon process. (Photog.)

Defn: A printing process depending on the effect of light on bichromatized gelatin. Paper coated with a mixture of the gelatin and a pigment is called carbon paper or carbon tissue. This is exposed under a negative and the film is transferred from the paper to some other support and developed by washing (the unexposed portions being dissolved away). If the process stops here it is called single transfer; if the image is afterward transferred in order to give an unreversed print, the method is called double transfer.

CARBON STEEL
Carbon steel.

Defn: Steel deriving its qualities from carbon chiefly, without the presence of other alloying elements; —opposed to alloy steel.

CARBON TRANSMITTER
Carbon transmitter.

Defn: A telephone transmitter in which a carbon contact is used.

CARBONYL
Car"bon*yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical (CO)'\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc.

Note: Though denoted by a formula identical with that of carbon monoxide, it is chemically distinct, as carbon seems to be divalent in carbon monoxide, but tetravalent in carbonyl compounds. Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called phosgene gas; — called also carbon oxychloride.

CARBORUNDUM
Car`bo*run"dum, [Carbon + corundum.]

Defn: A beautiful crystalline compound, SiC, consisting of carbon and silicon in combination; carbon silicide. It is made by heating carbon and sand together in an electric furnace. The commercial article is dark-colored and iridescent. It is harder than emery, and is used as an abrasive.

CARBORUNDUM CLOTH; CARBORUNDUM PAPER
Carborundum cloth or paper.

Defn: Cloth or paper covered with powdered carborundum.

CARBOSTYRIL
Car`bo*sty"ril, n. Etym: [Carbon + styrene.]

Defn: A white crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids.

CARBOXIDE
Car*box"ide, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium carboxide. Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium.

CARBOXYL
Car*box"yl, n. Etym: [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The complex radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; — called also oxatyl.

CARBOY Car"boy, n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers qurabah a sort of bottle.]

Defn: A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; — used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc.

CARBUNCLE Car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [L. carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F. carboncle. See Carbon.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax.

3. (Her.)

Defn: A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone.
It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center.
Called also escarbuncle.

CARBUNCLED
Car"bun*cled, a.

1. Set with carbuncles. He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled Like holy Phabus' car. Shak.

2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red sores; pimpled and blotched. "A carbuncled face." Brome.

CARBUNCULAR
Car*bun"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red; inflamed.

CARBUNCULATION
Car*bun`cu*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. carbunculatio.]

Defn: The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold. Harris.

CARBURET
Car"bu*ret, n. Etym: [From Carbon.] (Chem.)

Defn: A carbide. See Carbide [Archaic]

CARBURET Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p. p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. & vb. n. Carbureting or Carburetting.]

Defn: To combine or to impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize. By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal. Knight.

CARBURETANT
Car"bu*ret`ant, n.

Defn: Any volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases.

CARBURETED
Car"bu*ret`ed, a.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or carbide.

2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to increase its illuminating power. [Written also carburetted.] Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up illuminating gas. — Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas, CH4; fire damp.

CARBURETOR
Car"bu*ret`or, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written also carburettor.]

CARBURETOR; CARBURETTOR
Car"bu*ret`or, Car"bu*ret`tor, n.

Defn: One that carburets; specif., an apparatus in which air or gas is carbureted, as by passing it through a light petroleum oil. The carburetor for a gasoline engine is usually either a surface carburetor, or a float, float-feed, or spray, carburetor. In the former air is charged by being passed over the surface of gasoline. In the latter a fine spray of gasoline is drawn from an atomizing nozzle by a current of air induced by the suction of the engine piston, the supply of gasoline being regulated by a float which actuates a needle valve controlling the outlet of the feed pipe. Alcohol and other volatile inflammable liquids may be used instead of gasoline.

CARBURIZATION
Car"bu*ri*za`tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of carburizing.

CARBURIZE
Car"bu*rize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carburized; p. pr. & vb. N.
Carburizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; — said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile hydrocarbons.

CARCAJOU
Car"ca*jou, n. Etym: [Probably a Canadian French corruption of an
Indian name of the wolverene.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wolverence; — also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes to the American badger. See Wolverene.

CARCANET Car"ca*net, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. F. carcan the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor. kerchen bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat, OHG, querca throat.]

Defn: A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar. [Also written carkenet and carcant.] Shak.

CARCASE
Car"case, n.

Defn: See Carcass.

CARCASS Car"cass, n.; pl. Carcasses. [Written also carcase.] Etym: [F. carcasse, fr. It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh + capsa chest, box, case. Cf. Carnal, Case a sheath.]

1. A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of a beast. He turned to see the carcass of the lion. Judges xiv. 8. This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses went into the great pits by cartloads. De Foe.

2. The living body; — now commonly used in contempt or ridicule. "To pamper his own carcass." South. Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature. For earthly carcass had a heavenly feature. Oldham.

3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or unfinished frame, of a thing. A rotten carcass of a boat. Shak.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to buldings, ships, etc. A discharge of carcasses and bombshells. W. Iving.

CARCAVELHOS
Car`ca*vel"hos, n.

Defn: A sweet wine. See Calcavella.

CARCELAGE Car"ce*lage, n. Etym: [LL. carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L. carcer prison.]

Defn: Prison fees. [Obs.]

CARCEL LAMP
Car"cel lamp`. Etym: [Named after Carcel, the inventor.]

Defn: A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by clockwork.

CARCERAL
Car"cer*al, a. Etym: [L. carceralis, fr. carcer prison.]

Defn: Belonging a prison. [R.] Foxe.

CARCINOLOGICAL
Car`ci*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carcinology.

CARCINOLOGY
Car`ci*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depertment of zoölogy which treats of the Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); — called also malacostracology and crustaceology.

CARCINOMA
Car`ci*no"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an indolent tumor. See Cancer. Dunglison.

CARCINOMATOUS
Car`ci*nom"a*tous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carcinoma.

CARCINOSYS
Car`ci*no"sys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The affection of the system with cancer.

CARD
Card, n. Etym: [F. carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.]

1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a card of invitation; pl. a game played with cards. Our first cards were to Carabas House. Thackeray.

2. A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the fair.

3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass. All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's card. Shak.

4. (Weaving)

Defn: A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard.

5. An indicator card. See under Indicator. Business card, a card on which is printed an advertisement or business address. — Card basket (a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard. — Card catalogue. See Catalogue. — Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and displaying business or visiting card. — Card table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having a leaf which folds over. — On the cards, likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought to pass; — a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common use; also, according to the programme. — Playing card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains fifty-two cards. — To have the cards in one's own hands, to have the winning cards; to have the means of success in an undertaking. — To play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly. — To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants to rivals or foes. — To speak by the card, to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass card. — Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes the address, of the person presenting it.

CARD
Card, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n. Carding.]

Defn: To play at cards; to game. Johnson.

CARD Card, n. Etym: [F. carde teasel, the head of a thistle, card, from L. carduus, cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.]

1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of animals; — usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to a back.

2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding machine. Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card used for covering the cylinders of carding machines.

CARD
Card, v. t.

1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as, to card wool; to card a horse. These card the short comb the longer flakes. Dyer.

2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.] This book [must] be carded and purged. T. Shelton.

3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article. [Obs.] You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk. — half small, half strong. Greene.

Note: In the manufacture of wool, cotton, etc., the process of carding disentangles and collects together all the fibers, of whatever length, and thus differs from combing, in which the longer fibers only are collected, while the short straple is combed away. See Combing.

CARDAMINE
Car"da*mine, n. Etym: [L. cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress, etc.

CARDAMOM
Car"da*mom, n. Etym: [L. cardamonun, Gr.

1. The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and much used as a condiment, and in medicine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant which prduces cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and several of Amommum.

CARDBOARD
Card"board, n.

Defn: A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc., often having a polished surface.

CARDCASE
Card"case`, n.

Defn: A case for visiting cards.

CARDECU
Car"de*cu, n. Etym: [Corrupt, from F. quart d'écu.]

Defn: A quarter of a crown. [Obs.]
The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu. Sir W. Scott.

CARDER
Card"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak.

CARDIA Car"di*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The heart. (b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the esophagus enters it.

CARDIAC
Car"di*ac, a. Etym: [L. cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant. Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic] — Cardiac wheel. (Mach.) See Heart wheel.

CARDIAC
Car"di*ac n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial.

CARDIACAL
Car*di"a*cal, a.

Defn: Cardiac.

CARDIACLE
Car"di*a*cle, n.

Defn: A pain about the heart. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARDIAGRAPH
Car"di*a*graph, n.

Defn: See Cardiograph.

CARDIALGLA; CARDIALGY Car`di*al"gl*a, Car"di*al`gy, n. Etym: [NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr. cardialgie.] (Med.)

Defn: A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation; heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion.

CARDIGAN JACKET Car"di*gan jack`et. Etym: [From the Earl of Cardigan, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.]

Defn: A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without sleeves.

CARDINAL Car"di*nal, a. Etym: [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door, that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.]

Defn: Of fundamental importance; preëminet; superior; chief; principal. The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne. Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton. But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak. Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. — Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. — Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn. — Cardinal teeth (Zoöl.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See Bivalve. — Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart. They remain through life in some fishes. — Cardinal virtues, preëminent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. — Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west.

CARDINAL Car"di*nal, n. Etym: [F. carinal, It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis (ecclesiæ Romanæ). See Cardinal, a.]

Defn: 1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college. The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved. Pope Leo IX.

Note: The cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it.

2. A woman's short cloak with a hood. Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd.

3. Mulled red wine. Hotten.

Cardinal bird, or Cardinal grosbeak (Zoöl.), an American song bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family Fringillidæ, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal birds. — Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty. — Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson.

CARDINALATE
Car"di*nal*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.]

Defn: The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal.

CARDINALIZE
Car"di*nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To exalt to the office of a cardinal. Sheldon.

CARDINALSHIP
Car"di*nal*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal

CARDING
Card"ing, a.

1. The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc., bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v. t.

2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding machine. Carding engine, Carding machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool, or other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls called sivers.

CARDIOGRAM
Car"di*o*gram`, n. [Gr. heart + -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The curve or tracing made by a cardiograph.

CARDIOGRAPH
Car"di*o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of the heart's movements.

CARDIOGRAPHIC
Car`di*o*graph"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph.

CARDIOGRAPHY
Car`di*og"ra*phy, n.

1. Description of the heart.

2. (Physiol.) Examination by the cardiograph.

CARDIOID
Car"di*oid, n. Etym: [Gr. ( (Math.)

Defn: An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart.

CARDIOINHIBITORY
Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Checking or arresting the heart's action.

CARDIOLGY
Car`di*ol"*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -ology.]

Defn: The science which treats of the heart and its functions.

CARDIOMETRY
Car`di*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Med.)

Defn: Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or auscultation.

CARDIOSCLEROSIS
Car"di*o*scle*ro"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. heart + sclerosis.]

Defn: Induration of the heart, caused by development of fibrous tissue in the cardiac muscle.

CARDIOSPHYGMOGRAPH
Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph, n.

Defn: A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph.

CARDITIS
Car*di"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F. cardile.] (Med)

Defn: Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart.
See Endocardris and Pericarditis. Dunglison.

CARDO Car"do, n.; pl. Cardies.) Etym: [L., a hinge.] (Zoöl.) (a) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge of a bivalve shell.

CARDOL Car"dol, n. Etym: [NL. Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow oil liquid, extracted from the shell of the cashew nut.

CARDOON Car*doon", n. Etym: [F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle, fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large herbaceos plant (Cynara Cardunculus) related to the artichoke; — used in cookery and as a sald.

CARE Care, n. Etym: [AS. caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara sorrow Goth. kara lament, and to Gr. . Not akin to cure. Cf. Chary.]

1. A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude. Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye, And where care lodges, sleep will never lie. Shak.

2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility for safety and prosperity. The care of all the churches. 2 Car. xi. 28 Him thy care must be to find. Milton. Perlexed with a thousand cares. Shak.

3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness; watchfulness; as, take care; have a care. I thank thee for thy care and honest pains. Shak.

4. The object of watchful attention or anxiety. Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares. Spenser.

Syn. — Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard; management; direction; oversight. — Care, Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These words express mental pain in different degress. Care belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened thought. Anxiety denotes a state of distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil. Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a diminished dagree. Concern is opposed to indifference, and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We are careful about the means, solicitous and anxious about the end; we are solicitous to obtain a good, axious to avoid an evil.

CARE Care, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cared; p. pr. & vb. n. Caring.] Etym: [AS. cearian. See Care, n.]

Defn: To be anxious or solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; — sometimes followed by an objective of measure. I would not care a pin, if the other three were in. Shak. Master, carest thou not that we perish Mark. iv. 38. To care for. (a) To have under watchful attention; to take care of. (b) To have regard or affection for; to like or love. He cared not for the affection of the house. Tennyson.

CAREEN
Ca*reen", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Careened; p. pr. & vb. n. Careening.]
Etym: [OF. cariner, F. caréner, fr. OF. carène, the bottom of a ship,
keel, fr. L. carina.] (Naut.)

Defn: To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel.

CAREEN
Ca*reen" (, v. i.

Defn: To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a wind; to be off the keel.

CAREENAGE Ca*reen"age, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carénage.] (Naut.) (a) Expense of careening ships. (b) A place for careening.

CAREER
Ca*reer", n. Etym: [F. carrière race course, high road, street, fr.
L. carrus wagon. See Car.]

1. A race course: the ground run over. To go back again the same career. Sir P. Sidney.

2. A running; full speed; a rapid course. When a horse is running in his full career. Wilkins.

3. General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a pubic character; as, Washington's career as a soldier. An impartial view of his whole career. Macaulay.

4. (Falconary)

Defn: The fight of a hawk.

CAREER
Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Careering]

Defn: To move or run rapidly. areering gayly over the curling waves. W. Irving.

CAREFUL
Care"ful, a. Etym: [AS. cearful.]

1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous [Archaic] Be careful [Rev. Ver. "anxious"] for nothing. Phil. iv. 6. The careful plowman doubting stands. Milton.

2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to concern, anxiety, or
trouble; painful.
The careful cold beinneth for to creep. Spenser.
By Him that raised me to this careful height. Shak.

3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful; cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; — often follower byof, for, or the infinitive; as, careful of money; careful to do right. Thou hast been careful for us with all this care. 2. Kings iv, 13. What could a careful father more have done Dryden.

Syn. — Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant.

CAREFULLY
Care"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a careful manner.

CAREFULNESS
Care"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being careful.

CARELESS
Care"less, a. Etym: [AS. cearleás.]

1. Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted. Spenser. Sleep she as sound as careless infancy. Shak.

2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful; regardless. My brother was too careless of his charge. Shak. He grew careless of himself. Steele.

3. Without thought or purpose; without due care; without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate; spontaneouse; rash; as, a careless throw; a careless expression. He framed the careless rhyme. Beatie.

4. Not receiving care; uncared for. [R.] Their many wounds and careless hatms. Spemser.

Syn. — Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless; inconsiderate; listless.

CARELESSLY
Care"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a careless manner.

CARELESSNESS
Care"less*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention.

CARENE
Ca*rene", n. Etym: [LL. carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See
Quarantine.] (Ecol.)

Defn: A fast of forty days on bread and water. [Obs.]

CARESS Ca*ress", n. Etym: [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.]

Defn: An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. Wooed her with his soft caresses. Langfellow. He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of all who were under his command. Macaulay.

CARESS
Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caressed; p. pr. & vb. n. Caressing.]
Etym: [F. caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr. carezza caress. See
Caress., n.]

Defn: To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle. The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun. Sir W. Scott.

Syn.
— To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter.
— Caress, Fondle. "We caress by words or actions; we fondle by
actions only." Crabb.

CARESSINGLY
Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad.

Defn: In caressing manner.

CARET
Ca"ret, n. Etym: [L. caret there is wanting, fr. carere to want.]

Defn: A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret.

CARET
Ca`ret", n. Etym: [F., a species of tortoise.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.

CARETUNED
Care"*tuned, a.

Defn: Weary; mournful. Shak.

CARE-TUNED
Care"-tuned, a.

Defn: Weary; mournful. Shak.

CAREWORN
Care"worn`, a.

Defn: Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or face.

CAREX
Ca"rex, n. Etym: [L., sedge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A numerous and widely distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order Cypreaceæ; the sedges.

CARF
Carf,

Defn: pret. of Carve. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARGASON Car"ga*son, n. Etym: [F. cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL. cargare to load. See rgo.]

Defn: A cargo. [Obs.]

CARGO Car"go, n.; pl. Cargoes. Etym: [Sp. cargo, carga, burden, load, from cargar to load, from cargar to load, charge, See Charge.]

Defn: The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods,
merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load;
freight.
Cargoes of food or clothing. E. Everett.

Note: The term cargo, in law, is usually applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons. Burill.

CARGOOSE Car"goose`, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir, kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf. Crebe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe.

CARIAMA
Ça"ri*a"ma, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See Seriema.

CARIB
Car"ib, n.; pl. Caries. Etym: [See Cannibal.] (Ethol.)

Defn: A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands.

CARIBBEAN; CARIBBEE
Car`ib*be"an, Car`ib*bee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central America.

CARIBBEE
Car"ib*bee, n.

Defn: A Carib.

CARIBE
Ca*ri"be, n. Etym: [Sp. a cannibal.] (Zoöl).

Defn: A south American fresh water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack man or beast, often with fatal results.

CARIBOU
Car"i*bou, n. Etym: [Canadian French.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren Ground caribou. See under Barren. — Woodland caribou, the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern forests of America.

CARICATURE Car"i*ca*ture, n. Etym: [It. caricatura, fr. caricare to charge, overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v. t.]

1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture.

2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.] The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor. A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.

CARICATURE
Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caricatured; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caricaturing.]

Defn: To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque. He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.

CARICATURIST
Car"i*ca*tu`rist, n.

Defn: One who caricatures.

CARICOUS
Car"i*cous, a. Etym: [L. carica a kind of dry fig.]

Defn: Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor. Graig.

CARIES
Ca"ri*es, n.Etym: [L., decay.] (Med.)

Defn: Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses.

CARILLON Car"il*lon, n. Etym: [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr. quatuer four.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.

2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.

CARINA
Ca*ri"na, n. Etym: [L., keel.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A keel. (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The keel of the breastbone of birds.

CARINARIA
Car`i*na"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.

CARINATAE
Car`i*na"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See
Carinate.]

Defn: A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds;
— So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.

CARINATE; CARINATED
Car"i*nate, Car"i*na`ted a. Etym: [L. carinatus, fr. carina keel.]

Defn: Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).

CARIOLE Car"i*ole, n. Etym: [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See Car, and Carryall.] (a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage. (b) A covered cart. (c) A kind of calash. See Carryall.

CARIOPSIS
Car"i*op"sis, n.

Defn: See Caryopsis.

CARIOSITY
Ca`ri*os"i*ty, n. (Med.)

Defn: Caries.

CARIOUS
Ca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.]

Defn: Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth.

CARK
Cark, n. Etym: [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W.
carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge, and cf.
Cargo.]

Defn: A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]
His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser.
Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell.
Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D.
Blackmore.

CARK
Cark, v. i.

Defn: To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or grieve. [R.] Beau. & fl.

CARK
Cark, v. t.

Defn: To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.] Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and cark himself one penny richer. South.

CARKANET
Car"ka*net, n.

Defn: A carcanet. Southey.

CARKING
Cark"ing, a.

Defn: Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking cares.

CARL Carl, n. Etym: [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also carle.]

1. A rude, rustic man; a churl. The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer.

2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; — called also carl hemp.

3. pl.

Defn: A kind of food. See citation, below. Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).

CARLIN
Car"lin, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. carl male.]

Defn: An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

CARLINE; CAROLINE Car"line, Car"o*line, n. Etym: [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; — so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.]

Defn: A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents. Simmonds.

CARLINE; CARLING Car"line, Car"ling n. Etym: [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It. carlinga.] (Naut.)

Defn: A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; — usually in pl.

CARLINE THISTLE Car"line this`tle. Etym: [F. carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.)

Defn: A prickly plant of the genus Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in
Europe and Asia.

CARLINGS
Car"lings, n. pl.

Defn: Same as Carl, 3. Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See Carl, 4.

CARLIST
Car"list, n.

Defn: A parisan of Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos of Spain.

CARLOCK
Car"lock, n. Etym: [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karlúk'.]

Defn: A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.

CARLOT
Car"lot, n. Etym: [From Carl.]

Defn: A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.] Shak.

CARLOVINGIAN
Car`lo*vin"gi*an, a. Etym: [F. Carlovingen.]

Defn: Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of kings.

CARMAGNOLE
Car`ma`gnole", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution. They danced and yelled the carmagnole. Compton Reade.

2. A bombastic report from the French armies.

CARMAN
Car"man, n.; pl. Carmen (

Defn: A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.

CARMELITE; CARMELIN
Car"mel*ite, Car"mel*in a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites.

CARMELITE
Car"mel*ite, n.

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.

2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.

CAR MILE
Car mile. (Railroads)

Defn: A mile traveled by a single car, taken as a unit of computation, as in computing the average travel of each car of a system during a given period.

CAR MILEAGE
Car mileage. (Railroads)
(a) Car miles collectively.
(b) The amount paid by one road the use of cars of another road.

CARMINATED
Car"mi*na`ted, a.

Defn: Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake.
Tomlinson.

CARMINATIVE Car*min"ative, a. Etym: [NL. carminativus (carminare to card hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif.]

Defn: Expelling wind from the body; warning; antispasmodic.
"Carmenative hot seeds." Dunglison.

CARMINATIVE
Car*min"a*tive, n.

Defn: A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.

CARMINE Car"mine, n. Etym: [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It. carminio), contr. from LL. carmesinus purple color. See Crimson.]

1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.

2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; — hence called also carminic acid. Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthaleïns.

CARMINIC
Car*min"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine. Carminic acid.
Same as Carmine, 3.

CARMOT
Car"mot, n. (Alchemy)

Defn: The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to be composed.

CARNAGE Car"nage, n. Etym: [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.]

1. Flesh of slain animals or men. A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. Macaulay.

2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc. The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay.

CARNAL Car"nal, a. Etym: [L. carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin to Gr. kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf. Charnel.]

1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to spiritual. For ye are yet carnal. 1 Car. iii. 3. Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton rnal desires after miracles. Trench.

2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.] This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak. Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; — used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.

CARNALISM
Car"nal*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]

CARNALIST
Car"nal*ist, n.

Defn: A sensualist. Burton.

CARNALITY
Car*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. carnalitas.]

Defn: The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind. Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson.

CARNALIZE
Car"nal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carnalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Carnalizing.]

Defn: To make carnal; to debase to carnality.
A sensual and carnalized spirit. John Scott.

CARNALLITE
Car"nal*lite, n. Etym: [G. carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a Prussian.]
(Min.)

Defn: A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt.

CARNALLY
Car"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually. For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Rom. viii. 6.

CARNAL-MINDED
Car"nal-mind`ed, a.

Defn: Worldly-minded.

CARNAL-MINDEDNESS
Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Grossness of mind.

CARNARY
Car"na*ry, n. Etym: [L. carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository for human bones disintered from their original burial places; a charnel house.

CARNASSIAL Car*nas"si*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro, carnis, flesh.] (Anat.)

Defn: Adapted to eating flesh.
— n.

Defn: A carnassial tooth; especially, the last premolar in many carnivores.

CARNATE
Car"nate, a. Etym: [L. carnatus fleshy.]

Defn: Invested with, or embodied in, flesh.

CARNATION
Car*na"tion, n. Etym: [F. carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It
carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr. caro, carnis, flesh. See
Carnal.]

1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink. Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton.

2. pl. (Paint.)

Defn: Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints. The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.

CARNATIONED
Car*na"tioned, a.

Defn: Having a flesh color.

CARNAUBA
Car*nau"ba, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm.

CARNELIAN
Car*nel"ian, n. Etym: [For carnelian; influenced by L. carneus
fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals.

CARNEOUS
Car"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. carneus, from caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. "Carneous fibers." Ray.

CARNEY
Car"ney, n. Etym: [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat.

CARNIC
Car"nic, a. [L. caro, carnis, flesh.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to flesh; specif. (Physiol. Chem.),

Defn: pertaining to or designating a hydroscopic monobasic acid, C10H15O5N3, obtained as a cleavage product from an acid of muscle tissue.

CARNIFEX
Car"ni*fex, n. Etym: [L., fr. caro, carnis, flesh + facere to make.]
(Antiq.)

Defn: The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.

CARNIFICATION
Car`ni*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnification.]

Defn: The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.

CARNIFY Car"ni*fy, v. i. Etym: [LL. carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis, flesh + facere to make: cf. F. carnifier.]

Defn: To form flesh; to become like flesh. Sir M. Hale.

CARNIN
Car"nin, n. Etym: [L. caro, canis , flesh.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to xanthin.

CARNIVAL Car"ni*val, n. Etym: [It. carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale, prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh _ levare to take away, lift up, fr. levis light.]

1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday. The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison.

2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess. Tennyson. He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron.

CARNIVORA
Car*niv"o*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See
Carnivorous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful.

CARNIVORACITY
Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty, n.

Defn: Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.] Pope.

CARNIVORE
Car`ni*vore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Carnivora.

CARNIVOROUS Car*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh + varare to devour.]

Defn: Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.

CARNOSE; CARNOUS Car*nose, Car"*nous, a. Etym: [L. carnosus, fr. caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.]

1. Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy. A distinct carnose muscle. Ray.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of a fleshy consistence; — applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.

CARNOSITY
Car*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carnosité.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth. Wiseman.

2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering. [Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity. Spelman. The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet commended they are for their carnosity. Holland.

CARNOT'S CYCLE
Car`not's" cy"cle. [After N. L. S. Carnot, French physicist.]
(Thermodynamics)

Defn: An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through the following four successive operations: (1) Isothermal expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired point; (3) isothermal compression to such a point that (4) adiabatic compression brings it back to its initial state.

CAROB
Car"ob, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp.
garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharrub, Per. Kharnub. Cf.
Clgaroba.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; — called also carob tree.

2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; — called also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean.

CAROCHE Ca*roche", n. Etym: [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See Car.]

Defn: A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.]
To mount two-wheeled caroches. Butler.

CAROCHED
Ca*roched", a.

Defn: Placed in a caroche. [Obs.]
Beggary rides caroched. Massenger.

CAROIGNE
Car"oigne, n. Etym: [See Carrion.]

Defn: Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAROL Car"ol, n. Etym: [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many dance together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll, n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also L. choraula a flute player, charus a dance, chorus, choir.]

1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay. The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden It was the carol of a bird. Byron.

3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol. Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson. In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

4. Joyful music, as of a song. I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play. Longfellow.

CAROL
Car"ol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caroled, or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caroling, or Carolling.]

1. To praise or celebrate in song. The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton.

2. To sing, especially with joyful notes. Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior.

CAROL
Car"ol, v. i.

Defn: To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble.
And carol of love's high praise. Spenser.
The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie.

CAROL; CARROL Car"ol, Car"rol, n. Etym: [OF. carole a sort of circular space, or carol.] (Arch.)

Defn: A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner
side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th
century.
A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker.

CAROLIN
Car"o*lin, n. Etym: [L. Carolus Charles.]

Defn: A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars.

CAROLINA PINK
Car`o*li"na pink`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Pinkboot.

CAROLINE
Car"o*line, n.

Defn: A coin. See Carline.

CAROLING
Car"ol*ing, n.

Defn: A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols. Coleridge.
Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser.

CAROLINIAN
Car`o*lin"i*an, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina.

CAROLITIC
Car`o*lit"ic, a. (Arch.)

Defn: Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches.

CAROLUS
Car"o*lus, n.; pl. E. Caroluses, L. Caroli. Etym: [L., Charles.]

Defn: An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I. Told down the crowns and Caroluses. Macawlay.

CAROM
Car"om, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom,
carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.]
(Billiards)

Defn: A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called cannon.

CAROM
Car"om, v. i. (Billiards)

Defn: To make a carom.

CAROMEL
Car"o*mel, n.

Defn: See Caramel.

CAROTEEL
Car`o*teel", n. (Com.)

Defn: A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700 lbs.
Simmonds.

CAROTIC
Ca*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Carotid.]

1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Carotid; as, the carotic arteries.

CAROTID Ca*rot"id, n. Etym: [Gr. carotide. The early Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the head.

Note: [See Illust. of Aorta.]

CAROTID; CAROTIDAL
Ca*rot"id, Ca*rot"id*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as, the carotid gland.

CAROTIN
Ca*ro"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the carrot.

CAROTTE
Ca`rotte", n. [F., prop., carrot.]

Defn: A cylindrical roll of tobacco; as, a carotte of perique.

CAROUSAL
Ca*rous"al, n. Etym: [See Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.]

Defn: A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse.
The swains were preparing for a carousal. Sterne.

Syn.
— Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See Feast.

CAROUSE Ca*rouse", n. Etym: [F. carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out. See Yare, and Out.]

1. A large draught of liguor. [Obs.] "A full carouse of sack." Sir J. Davies. Drink carouses to the next day's fate. Shak.

2. A drinking match; a carousal. The early feast and late carouse. Pope.

CAROUSE
Ca*rouse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caroused; p. pr. & vb. n. Carousing.]

Defn: To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken revels. He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. Shak.

CAROUSE
Ca*rouse" v. t.

Defn: To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic]
Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape. Denham.
Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love.
Young.

CAROUSER
Ca*rous"er, n.

Defn: One who carouses; a reveler.

CAROUSING
Ca*rous"ing, a.

Defn: That carouses; relating to a carouse.

CAROUSINGLY
Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a carouser.

CARP
Carp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carped; p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.] Etym:
[OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa to boast),
but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck, calumniate.]

1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; — usually followed by at. Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag. And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert.

CARP
Carp, v. t.

1. To say; to tell. [Obs.]

2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden.

CARP
Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly Carps. Etym: [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan.
karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL. carpa.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp.

Note: The carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur. Carp louse (Zoöl.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. — Carp mullet (Zoöl.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers. — Carp sucker (Zoöl.), a name given to several species of fresh- water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; — called also quillback.

CARPAL
Car"pal, a. Etym: [From Carpus.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist.
— n.

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale. Carpal angle (Zoöl.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird.

CARPALE
Car*pa"le, n.; pl. Carpalia. Etym: [NL., fr. E. carpus.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series articulating with the metacarpals.

CARPATHIAN
Car*pa"thi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south.

CARPEL; CARPELLUM
Car"pel, Car*pel"lum, n. Etym: [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of Carpaphore.

CARPELLARY
Car"pel*la"ry, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels.

CARPENTER Car"pen*ter, n. Etym: [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL. carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.]

Defn: An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, ships, etc.

Syn. — Carpenter, Joiner. The carpenter frames and puts together roofs, partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The joiner Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building. In America the two trades are commonly united. Carpenter ant (Zoöl.), any species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is Formica Pennsylvanica. — Carpenter bee (Zoöl.), a large hymenopterous insect of the genus Xylocopa; — so called because it constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The common American species is Xylocopa Virginica.

CARPENTERING
Car"pen*ter*ing, n.

Defn: The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber; carpentry.

CARPENTRY
Car"pen*try, n. Etym: [F. charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See
Carpenter.]

1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the construction of buildings.

2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a carpenter.

CARPER
Carp"er, n.

Defn: One who carps; a caviler. Shak.

CARPET Car"pet, n. Etym: [OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr. Harvest.]

1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables. Tables and beds covered with copes instead of carpets and coverlets. T. Fuller.

2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet. "The grassy carpet of this plain." Shak. Carpet beetle or Carpet bug (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Anthrenus scrophulariæ), which, in the larval state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; — also called buffalo bug. — Carpet knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person. Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other than military distinction or service. — Carpet moth (Zoöl.), the larva of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several kinds. Some are the larvæ of species of Tinea (as T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp. Anthrenus. — Carpet snake (Zoöl.), an Australian snake. See Diamond snake, under Diamond. — Carpet sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets. — To be on the carpet, to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight; — an expression derived from the use of carpets as table cover. — Brussels carpet. See under Brussels.

CARPET
Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carpeting.]

Defn: To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or carpets. Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. E. Everett.

CARPETBAG
Car"pet*bag`, n.

Defn: A portable bag for travelers; — so called because originally made of carpet.

CARPETBAGGER
Car"pet*bag"ger, n.

Defn: An adventurer; — a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the United States after the Civil War (1865). [U. S.]

CARPETING
Car"pet*ing, n.

Defn: 1. The act of covering with carpets.

2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general. The floor was covered with rich carpeting. Prescott.

CARPETLESS
Car"pet*less, a.

Defn: Without a carpet.

CARPETMONGER
Car"pet*mon`ger, n.

1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.

2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. Shak.

CARPETWAY
Car"pet*way`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed field.
Ray.

CARPHOLOGY
Car*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.)

Defn: See Flaccillation.

CARPING
Carp"ing, a.

Defn: Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious.
— Carp"ing*ly, adv.

CARPINTERO
Car`pin*te"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., a carpenter, a woodpecker.]

Defn: A california woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), noted for its habit of inserting acorns in holes which it drills in trees. The acorns become infested by insect larvæ, which, when grown, are extracted for food by the bird.

CARPOGENIC
Car`po*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Productive of fruit, or causing fruit to be developed.

CARPOLITE
Car"po*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, cf. F. carpolithe.]

Defn: A general term for a fossil fruit, nut, or seed.

CARPOLOGICAL
Car`po*log"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to carpology.

CARPOLOGIST
Car*pol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who describes fruits; one versed in carpology.

CARPOLOGY
Car*pol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That branch of botany which relates to the structure of seeds and fruit.

CARPOPHAGOUS
Car*poph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Living on fruits; fruit-consuming.

CARPOPHORE
Car"po*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A slender prolongation of the receptacle as an axis between the carpels, as in Geranium and many umbelliferous plants.

CARPOPHYLL
Car"po*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaf converted into a fruit or a constituent portion of a fruit; a carpel.

Note: [See Illust. of Gymnospermous.]

CARPOPHYTE
Car"po*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A flowerless plant which forms a true fruit as the result of fertilization, as the red seaweeds, the Ascomycetes, etc.

Note: The division of alge and fungi into four classes called
Carpophytes, Oöphytes, Protophytes, and Zygophytes (or Carposporeæ,
Oösporeæ, Protophyta, and Zygosporeæ) was proposed by Sachs about
1875.

CARPOSPORE
Car"po*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. -spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of spore formed in the conceptacles of red algæ.
— Car`po*spor"ic (, a.

CARPUS
Car"pus, n.; pl. Carpi. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The wrist; the bones or cartilages between the forearm, or antibrachium, and the hand or forefoot; in man, consisting of eight short bones disposed in two rows.

CARRACK
Car"rack, n.

Defn: See Carack.

CARRAGEEN; CARRIGEEN
Car"ra*geen`, Car"ri*geen`, n.

Defn: A small, purplish, branching, cartilaginous seaweed (Chondrus crispus), which, when bleached, is the Irish moss of commerce. [Also written carragheen, carageen.]

CARRANCHA
Car*ran"cha, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Brazilian kite (Polyborus Brasiliensis); — so called in imitation of its notes.

CARRAWAY
Car"ra*way, n.

Defn: See Caraway.

CARREL
Car"rel, n.

Defn: See Quarrel, an arrow.

CARREL
Car"rel, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as 4th Carol.

CARRIABLE
Car"ri*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being carried.

CARRIAGE Car"riage, n. Etym: [OF. cariage luggage, carriage, chariage carriage, cart, baggage, F. charriage, cartage, wagoning, fr. OF. carier, charier, F. charrier, to cart. See Carry.]

1. That which is carried; burden; baggage. [Obs.]
David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage. 1.
Sam. xvii. 22.
And after those days we took up our carriages and went up to
Jerusalem. Acts. xxi. 15.

2. The act of carrying, transporting, or conveying. Nine days employed in carriage. Chapman.

3. The price or expense of carrying.

4. That which carries of conveys, as: (a) A wheeled vehicle for persons, esp. one designed for elegance and comfort. (b) A wheeled vehicle carrying a fixed burden, as a gun carriage. (c) A part of a machine which moves and carries of supports some other moving object or part. (d) A frame or cage in which something is carried or supported; as, a bell carriage.

5. The manner of carrying one's self; behavior; bearing; deportment; personal manners. His gallant carriage all the rest did grace. Stirling.

6. The act or manner of conducting measures or projects; management. The passage and whole carriage of this action. Shak. Carriage horse, a horse kept for drawing a carriage. — Carriage porch (Arch.), a canopy or roofed pavilion covering the driveway at the entrance to any building. It is intended as a shelter for those who alight from vehicles at the door; — sometimes erroneously called in the United States porte-cochère.

CARRIAGEABLE
Car"riage*a*ble, a.

Defn: Passable by carriages; that can be conveyed in carriages. [R.]
Ruskin.

CARRIBOO
Car"ri*boo, n.

Defn: See Caribou.

CARRICK
Car"rick, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A carack. See Carack. Carrick bend (Naut.), a kind of knot,
used for bending together hawsers or other ropes.
— Carrick bitts (Naut.), the bitts which support the windlass.
Totten.

CARRIER
Car"ri*er, n. Etym: [From Carry.]

1. One who, or that which, carries or conveys; a messenger. The air which is but . . . a carrier of the sounds. Bacon.

2. One who is employed, or makes it his business, to carry goods for others for hire; a porter; a teamster. The roads are crowded with carriers, laden with rich manufactures. Swift.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: That which drives or carries; as: (a) A piece which communicates to an object in a lathe the motion of the face plate; a lathe dog. (b) A spool holder or bobbin holder in a braiding machine. (c) A movable piece in magazine guns which transfers the cartridge to a position from which it can be thrust into the barrel. Carrier pigeon (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic pigeon used to convey letters from a distant point to to its home. — Carrier shell (Zoöl.), a univalve shell of the genus Phorus; — so called because it fastens bits of stones and broken shells to its own shell, to such an extent as almost to conceal it. — Common carrier (Law.) See under Common, a.

CARRION Car"ri*on, n. Etym: [OE. caroyne, OF. caroigne, F. charogne, LL. caronia, fr. L. caro flesh Cf. Crone, Crony.]

1. The dead and putrefying body or flesh of an animal; flesh so corrupted as to be unfit for food. They did eat the dead carrions. Spenser.

2. A contemptible or worthless person; — a term of reproach. [Obs.] "Old feeble carrions." Shak.

CARRION
Car"ri*on, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to dead and putrefying carcasses; feeding on carrion. A prey for carrion kites. Shak. Carrion beetle (Zoöl.), any beetle that feeds habitually on dead animals; — also called sexton beetle and burying beetle. There are many kinds, belonging mostly to the family Silphidæ. — Carrion buzzard (Zoöl.), a South American bird of several species and genera (as Ibycter, Milvago, and Polyborus), which act as scavengers. See Caracara. — Carrion crow, the common European crow (Corvus corone) which feeds on carrion, insects, fruits, and seeds.

CARROL
Car"rol, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See 4th Carol.

CARROM
Car"rom, n. (Billiards)

Defn: See Carom.

CARROMATA
Car`ro*ma"ta, n. [Sp. in Phil. I.]

Defn: In the Philippines, a light, two-wheeled, boxlike vehicle usually drawn by a single native pony and used to convey passengers within city limits or for traveling. It is the common public carriage.

CARRONADE Car`ron*ade, n. Etym: [From Carron, in Scotland where it was first made.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of short cannon, formerly in use, designed to throw a large projectile with small velocity, used for the purpose of breaking or smashing in, rather than piercing, the object aimed at, as the side of a ship. It has no trunnions, but is supported on its carriage by a bolt passing through a loop on its under side.

CARRON OIL
Car"ron oil.

Defn: A lotion of linseed oil and lime water, used as an application to burns and scalds; — first used at the Carron iron works in Scotland.

CARROT
Car"rot, n. Etym: [F. carotte, fr. L. carota; cf. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous biennial plant (Daucus Carota), of many varieties.

2. The esculent root of cultivated varieties of the plant, usually spindle-shaped, and of a reddish yellow color.

CARROTY
Car"rot*y, a.

Defn: Like a carrot in color or in taste; — an epithet given to reddish yellow hair, etc.

CARROW
Car"row, n. Etym: [Ir & Gael. carach cunning.]

Defn: A strolling gamester. [Ireland] Spenser.

CARRY
Car"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carried; p. pr. & vb. n. Carrying.] Etym:
[OF. carier, charier, F. carrier, to cart, from OF. car, char, F.
car, car. See Car.]

1. To convey or transport in any manner from one place to another; to bear; — often with away or off. When he dieth he small carry nothing away. Ps. xiix. 17. Devout men carried Stephen to his burial. Acts viii, 2. Another carried the intelligence to Russell. Macaulay. The sound will be carried, at the least, twenty miles. Bacon.

2. To have or hold as a burden, while moving from place to place; to have upon or about one's person; to bear; as, to carry a wound; to carry an unborn child. If the ideas . . . were carried along with us in our minds. Locke.

3. To move; to convey by force; to impel; to conduct; to lead or
guide.
Go, carry Sir John Falstaff to the Fleet. Shak.
He carried away all his cattle. Gen. xxxi. 18.
Passion and revenge will carry them too far. Locke.

4. To transfer from one place (as a country, book, or column) to another; as, to carry the war from Greece into Asia; to carry an account to the ledger; to carry a number in adding figures.

5. To convey by extension or continuance; to extend; as, to carry the chimney through the roof; to carry a road ten miles farther.

6. To bear or uphold successfully through conflict, as a leader or principle; hence, to succeed in, as in a contest; to bring to a successful issue; to win; as, to carry an election. "The greater part carries it." Shak. The carrying of our main point. Addison.

7. To get possession of by force; to capture. The town would have been carried in the end. Bacon.

8. To contain; to comprise; to bear the aspect of ; to show or
exhibit; to imply.
He thought it carried something of argument in it. Watts.
It carries too great an imputation of ignorance. Lacke.

9. To bear (one's self); to behave, to conduct or demean; — with the refexive pronouns. He carried himself so insolently in the house, and out of the house, to all persons, that he became odious. Clarendon.

10. To bear the charges or burden of holding or having, as stocks, merchandise, etc., from one time to another; as, a merchant is carrying a large stock; a farm carries a mortgage; a broker carries stock for a customer; to carry a life insurance. Carry arms (Mil. Drill), a command of the Manual of Arms directing the soldier to hold his piece in the right hand, the barrel resting against the hollow of the shoulder in a nearly perpendicular position. In this position the soldier is said to stand, and the musket to be held, at carry. — To carry all before one, to overcome all obstacles; to have uninterrupted success. — To carry arms (a) To bear weapons. (b) To serve as a soldier. — To carry away. (a) (Naut.) to break off; to lose; as, to carry away a fore-topmast. (b) To take possession of the mind; to charm; to delude; as, to be carried by music, or by temptation. — To carry coals, to bear indignities tamely, a phrase used by early dramatists, perhaps from the mean nature of the occupation. Halliwell. — To carry coals to Newcastle, to take things to a place where they already abound; to lose one's labor. — To carry off (a) To remove to a distance. (b) To bear away as from the power or grasp of others. (c) To remove from life; as, the plague carried off thousands. — To carry on (a) To carry farther; to advance, or help forward; to continue; as, to carry on a design. (b) To manage, conduct, or prosecute; as, to carry on husbandry or trade. — To carry out. (a) To bear from within. (b) To put into execution; to bring to a successful issue. (c) To sustain to the end; to continue to the end. — To carry through. (a) To convey through the midst of. (b) To support to the end; to sustain, or keep from falling, or being subdued. "Grace will carry us . . . through all difficulties." Hammond. (c) To complete; to bring to a succesful issue; to succeed. — To carry up, to convey or extend in an upward course or direction; to build. — To carry weight. (a) To be handicapped; to have an extra burden, as when one rides or runs. "He carries weight, he rides a race" Cowper. (b) To have influence.

CARRY
Car"ry, v. i.

1. To act as a bearer; to convey anything; as, to fetch and carry.

2. To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well.

3. To hold the head; — said of a horse; as, to carry well i. e., to hold the head high, with arching neck.

4. (Hunting)

Defn: To have earth or frost stick to the feet when running, as a hare. Johnson. To carry on, to behave in a wild, rude, or romping manner. [Colloq.]

CARRY
Car"ry, n.; pl. Carries.

Defn: A tract of land, over which boats or goods are carried between two bodies of navigable water; a carrying place; a portage. Etym: [U.S.]

CARRYALL
Car"ry*all`, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. cariole.]

Defn: A light covered carriage, having four wheels and seats for four or more persons, usually drawn by one horse.

CARRYING
Car"ry*ing, n.

Defn: The act or business of transporting from one place to another.
Carrying place, a carry; a portage.
— Carrying trade, the business of transporting goods, etc., from
one place or country to another by water or land; freighting.
We are rivals with them in . . . the carrying trade. Jay.

CARRYK
Car"ryk, n.

Defn: A carack. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CARRYTALE
Car"ry*tale`, n.

Defn: A talebearer. [R.] Shak.

CARSE
Carse, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. cars bog, fen. carsen reed,
Armor. kars, korsen, bog plant, reed.]

Defn: Low, fertile land; a river valley. [Scot.] Jomieson.

CART Cart, n. Etym: [AS. cræt; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or Icel. kartr. Cf. Car.]

1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. "Phoebus' cart." Shak.

2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles. Packing all his goods in one poor cart. Dryden.

3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen, butchers, atc.

4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage. Cart horse, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or used for drawing heavy loads. — Cart load, or Cartload, as much as will fill or load a cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc., one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is loosened is estimated to be a cart load. — Cart rope, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any strong rope. — To put (or get or set) the cart before the horse, to invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting an effect for a cause.

CART
Cart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carting.]

1. To carry or convey in a cart.

2. To expose in a cart by way of punishment. She chuckled when a bawd was carted. Prior.

CART
Cart, v. i.

Defn: To carry burdens in a cart; to follow the business of a carter.

CARTAGE
Cart"age, n.

1. The act of carrying in a cart.

2. The price paid for carting.

CARTBOTE
Cart"bote`, n. Etym: [Cart + bote.] (Old Eng. Law.)

Defn: Wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other instruments of husbandry.

CARTE
Carte, n. Etym: [F. See 1st Card.]

1. Bill of fare.

2. Short for Carte de visite.

CARTE BLANCHE Carte` blanche". Etym: [F., fr. OF. carte paper + -blanc, blanche, white. See 1st Card.]

Defn: A blank paper, with a person's signature, etc., at the bottom, given to another person, with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. Hence: Unconditional terms; unlimited authority.

CARTE DE VISITE
Carte" de vi*site`, pl. Cartes de visite (. Etym: [F.]

1. A visiting card.

2. A photographic picture of the size formerly in use for a visiting card.

CARTEL Car*tel", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. cartellus a little paper, dim. fr. L. charta. See 1st Card.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: An agreement between belligerents for the exchange of prisoners. Wilhelm.

2. A letter of defiance or challenge; a challenge to single combat. [Obs.] He is cowed at the very idea of a cartel., Sir W. Scott. Cartel, or Cartel ship, a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an enemy; a ship beating a flag of truce and privileged from capture.

CARTEL
Car"tel, v. t.

Defn: To defy or challenge. [Obs.]
You shall cartel him. B. Jonson.

CARTE QUARTE
Carte. Quarte, n. Etym: [F. quarte, prop., a fourth. Cf. Quart.]
(Fencing)

Defn: A position in thrusting or parrying, with the inside of the hand turned upward and the point of the weapon toward the adversary's right breast.

CARTER
Cart"er, n.

1. A charioteer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A man who drives a cart; a teamster.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of Phalangium; — also called harvestman. (b) A British fish; the whiff.

CARTESIAN
Car*te"sian, a. Etym: [From Renatus Cartesius, Latinized from of René
Descartes: cf. F. cartésien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the French philosopher René Descartes, or his philosophy. The Cartesion argument for reality of matter. Sir W. Hamilton. Cartesian coördinates (Geom), distance of a point from lines or planes; — used in a system of representing geometric quantities, invented by Descartes. — Cartesian devil, a small hollow glass figure, used in connection with a jar of water having an elastic top, to illustrate the effect of the compression or expansion of air in changing the specific gravity of bodies. — Cartesion oval (Geom.), a curve such that, for any point of the curve mr + m'r' = c, where r and r' are the distances of the point from the two foci and m, m' and c are constant; — used by Descartes.

CARTESIAN
Car*te"sian, n.

Defn: An adherent of Descartes.

CARTESIANISM
Car*te"sian*ism, n.

Defn: The philosophy of Descartes.

CARTHAGINIAN
Car`tha*gin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of a pertaining to ancient Carthage, a city of northern Africa.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Carthage.

CARTHAMIN
Car"tha*min, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A red coloring matter obtained from the safflower, or Carthamus tinctorius.

CARTHUSIAN Car*thu"sian, n. Etym: [LL. Cartusianus, Cartusiensis, from the town of Chartreuse, in France.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of an exceeding austere religious order, founded at
Chartreuse in France by St. Bruno, in the year 1086.

CARTHUSIAN
Car*thu"sian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Carthusian.

CARTILAGE
Car"ti*lage, n. Etym: [L. cartilago; cf. F. cartilage.] (Anat.)

Defn: A translucent, elastic tissue; gristle.

Note: Cartilage contains no vessels, and consists of a homogeneous,
intercellular matrix, in which there are numerous minute cavities, or
capsules, containing protoplasmic cells, the cartilage corpuscul. See
Illust under Duplication. Articular cartilage, cartilage that lines
the joints.
— Cartilage bone (Anat.), any bone formed by the ossification of
cartilage.
— Costal cartilage, cartilage joining a rib with he sternum. See
Illust. of Thorax.

CARTILAGINEOUS
Car`ti*la*gin"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. cartilageneus.]

Defn: See Cartilaginous. Ray.

CARTILAGINIFICATION Car"ti*la*gin`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. cartilago, -laginis, cartilage + facere to make.]

Defn: The act or process of forming cartilage. Wright.

CARTILAGINOUS Car`ti*lag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. cartilaginosus: cf. F. cartilagineux.]

1. Of or pertaining to cartilage; gristly; firm and tough like cartilage.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the skeleton in the state of cartilage, the bones containing little or no calcareous matter; said of certain fishes, as the sturgeon and the sharks.

CARTIST Car"tist, n. [Sp. cartista, fr. carta paper, document (cf. Pg. carta). See Charta; cf. Chartist.]

Defn: In Spain and Portugal, one who supports the constitution.

CARTMAN
Cart"man, n.; pl. Cartmen (.

Defn: One who drives or uses a cart; a teamster; a carter.

CARTOGRAM
Car"to*gram, n. [F. cartogramme.]

Defn: A map showing geographically, by shades or curves, statistics of various kinds; a statistical map.

CARTOGRAPHER
Car*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who make charts or maps.

CARTOGRAPHIC; CARTOGRAPHICAL
Car`to*graph"ic, Car`to*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cartography.

CARTOGRAPHICALLY
Car`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: By cartography.

CARTOGRAPHY Car*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cartographie. See Card, and - graphy.]

Defn: The act business of forming chart's or maps.

CARTOMANCY
Car"to*man`cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cartomancie. See Card, and -mancy.]

Defn: The act of telling fortunes with cards.

CARTON
Car"ton, n. Etym: [F. See Cartoon.]

Defn: Pasteboard for paper boxes; also, a pasteboard box. Carton pierre (, a species of papier-maché, imitating stone or bronze sculpture. Knight.

CARTOON Car*toon", n. Etym: [F. carton (cf. It. cartons pasteboard, cartoon.); fr. L. charta. See 1st card.]

1. A design or study drawn of the full size, to serve as a model for transferring or copying; — used in the making of mosaics, tapestries, fresco pantings and the like; as, the cartoons of Raphael.

2. A large pictorial sketch, as in a journal or magazine; esp. a pictorial caricature; as , the cartoons of "Puck."

CARTOONIST
Car"toon"ist, n.

Defn: One skilled in drawing cartoons.

CARTOUCH Car*touch", n.; pl. Cartouches Etym: [F. cartouche, It. cartuccia, cartoccio, cornet, cartouch, fr. L. charta paper. See 1st Card, and cf. Cartridge.]

1. (Mil.) (a) A roll or case of paper, etc., holding a charge for a firearm; a cartridge. (b) A cartridge box. (c) A wooden case filled with balls, to be shot from a cannon. (d) A gunner's bag for ammunition. (e) A military pass for a soldier on furlough.

2. (Arch.) (a) A cantalever, console, corbel, or modillion, which has the form of a scroll of paper. (b) A tablet for ornament, or for receiving an inscription, formed like a sheet of paper with the edges rolled up; hence, any tablet of ornamental form.

3. (Egyptian Antiq.)

Defn: An oval figure on monuments, and in papyri, containing the name of a sovereign.

CARTRIDGE
Car"tridge, n. Etym: [Formerlly cartrage, corrupted fr. F. cartouche.
See Cartouch.] (Mil.)

Defn: A complete charge for a firearm, contained in, or held together by, a case, capsule, or shell of metal, pasteboard, or other material. Ball cartridge, a cartridge containing a projectile. — Blank cartrige, a cartridge without a projectile, — Center-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate occupies an axial position usually in the center of the base of the capsule, instead of being contained in its rim. In the Prussian needle gun the fulminate is applied to the middle of the base of the bullet. Rim-fire cartridge, a cartridge in which the fulminate is contained in a rim surrounding its base. — Cartridge bag, a bag of woolen cloth, to hold a charge for a cannon. — Cartridge belt, a belt having pocket for cartridges. — Cartridge box, a case, usually of leather, attached to a belt or strap, for holding cartridges. — Cartridge paper. (a) A thick stout paper for inclosing cartridges. (b) A rough tinted paper used for covering walls, and also for making drawings upon.

CARTULARY Car"tu*la*ry, n.; pl. Cartularies. Etym: [LL. cartularium, chartularium, fr. L. charta paper: cf. F. cartulaire. See 1st Card.]

1. A register, or record, as of a monastery or church.

Defn:

2. An ecclesiastical officer who had charge of records or other public papers.

CARTWAY
Cart"way`, n.

Defn: A way or road for carts.

CARTWRIGHT
Cart"wright`, n. Etym: [Cart + wright.]

Defn: An artificer who makes carts; a cart maker.

CARUCAGE Car"u*cage, n. Etym: [LL. carrucagium (OF. charuage.), fr. LL. carruca plow, fr. L. carruca coach.]

1. (Old Eng. Law.)

Defn: A tax on every plow or plowland.

2. The act of plowing. [R.]

CARUCATE
Car"u*cate, n. Etym: [LL. carucata, carrucata. See Carucage.]

Defn: A plowland; as much land as one team can plow in a year and a day; — by some said to be about 100 acres. Burrill.

CARUNCLE; CARUNCULA Car"un*cle, Ca*run"cu*la, n. Etym: [L. caruncula a little piece of flesh, dim. of caro flesh.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A small fleshy prominence or excrescence; especially the small, reddish body, the caruncula lacrymalis, in the inner angle of the eye.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An excrescence or appendage surrounding or near the hilum of a seed.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A naked, flesh appendage, on the head of a bird, as the wattles of a turkey, etc.

CARUNCULAR; CARUNCULOUS
Ca*run"cu*lar, Ca*run"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, a caruncle; furnished with caruncles.

CARUNCULATE; CARUNCULATED
Ca*run"cu*late, Ca*run"cu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a caruncle or caruncles; caruncular.

CARUS
Ca"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Coma with complete insensibility; deep lethargy.

CARVACROL
Car"va*crol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A thick oily liquid, C10H13.OH, of a strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway (Carum carui).

CARVE
Carve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carved; p. pr. & vb. n. Carving.] Etym:
[AS. ceorfan to cut, carve; akin to D. kerven, G. kerben, Dan. karve,
Sw. karfva, and to Gr. -graphy. Cf. Graphic.]

1. To cut. [Obs.] Or they will carven the shepherd's throat. Spenser.

2. To cut, as wood, stone, or other material, in an artistic or decorative manner; to sculpture; to engrave. Carved with figures strange and sweet. Coleridge.

3. To make or shape by cutting, sculpturing, or engraving; to form; as, to carve a name on a tree. An angel carved in stone. Tennyson. We carved not a line, and we raised not a stone. C. Wolfe.

4. To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table; to divide for distribution or apportionment; to apportion. "To carve a capon." Shak.

5. To cut: to hew; to mark as if by cutting. My good blade carved the casques of men. Tennyson. A million wrinkles carved his skin. Tennyson.

6. To take or make, as by cutting; to provide. Who could easily have carved themselves their own food. South.

7. To lay out; to contrive; to design; to plan. Lie ten nights awake carving the fashion of a new doublet. Shak. To carve out, to make or get by cutting, or as if by cutting; to cut out. "[Macbeth] with his brandished steel . . . carved out his passage." Shak. Fortunes were carved out of the property of the crown. Macaulay.

CARVE
Carve, v. i.

1. To exercise the trade of a sculptor or carver; to engrave or cut figures.

2. To cut up meat; as, to carve for all the guests.

CARVE
Carve, n.

Defn: A carucate. [Obs.] Burrill.

CARVEL
Car"vel, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. caravel.]

1. Same as Caravel.

2. A species of jellyfish; sea blubber. Sir T. Herbert.

CARVELBUILT
Car"vel*built, a. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Having the planks meet flush at the seams, instead of lapping as in a clinker-built vessel.

CARVEN
Car"ven, a.

Defn: Wrought by carving; ornamented by carvings; carved. [Poetic]
A carven bowl well wrought of beechen tree. Bp. Hall.
The carven cedarn doors. Tennyson.
A screen of carven ivory. Mrs. Browning.

CARVENE
Car"vene, n. Etym: [F. carvi caraway.]

Defn: An oily substance, C10H16, extracted from oil caraway.

CARVER
Carv"er, n.

1. One who carves; one who shapes or fashions by carving, or as by carving; esp. one who carves decorative forms, architectural adornments, etc. "The carver's chisel." Dodsley. The carver of his fortunes. Sharp (Richardson's Dict. )

2. One who carves or divides meat at table.

3. A large knife for carving.

CARVING
Carv"ing, n.

1. The act or art of one who carves.

2. A piece of decorative work cut in stone, wood, or other material. "Carving in wood." Sir W. Temple.

3. The whole body of decorative sculpture of any kind or epoch, or in any material; as, the Italian carving of the 15th century.

CARVIST
Car"vist, n. Etym: [A corruption of carry fist.] (Falconary)

Defn: A hawk which is of proper age and training to be carried on the hand; a hawk in its first year. Booth.

CARVOL
Car"vol, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a species of aromatic oils, resembling carvacrol.

CAR WHEEL
Car" wheel`,

Defn: A flanged wheel of a railway car or truck.

CARYATIC; CARYATID
Car`y*at"ic, Car`y*at"id, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a caryatid.

CARYATID
Car`y*at"id, n.; pl. Caryatids Etym: [See Caryatides.]

Defn: (Arch.) A draped female figure supporting an entablature, in the place of a column or pilaster.

CARYATIDES
Car`y*at"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch)

Defn: Caryatids.

Note: Corresponding male figures were called Atlantes, Telamones, and
Persians.

CARYOPHYLLACEOUS Car`y*o*phyl*la"ceous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having corollas of five petals with long claws inclosed in a tubular, calyx, as the pink. (b) Belonging to the family of which the pink and the carnation are the types.

CARYOPHYLLIN
Car`y*oph"yl*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless and odorless crystalline substance, extracted from cloves, polymeric with common camphor.

CARYOPHYLLOUS
Car`y*oph"yl*lous, a.

Defn: Caryophyllaceous.

CARYOPSIS
Car`y*op"sis, n.; pl. Caryopses. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A one-celled, dry, indehiscent fruit, with a thin membranous pericarp, adhering closely to the seed, so that fruit and seed are incorporated in one body, forming a single grain, as of wheat, barley, etc.

CASA
Ca"sa, n. [Sp. or It., fr. L. casa cabin.]

Defn: A house or mansion. [Sp. Amer. & Phil. Islands]

I saw that Enriquez had made no attempt to modernize the old casa, and that even the garden was left in its lawless native luxuriance. Bret Harte.

CASAL
Ca"sal, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to case; as, a casal ending.

CASCABEL Cas"ca*bel, n. Etym: [Sp. cascabel a little bell, also (fr. the shape), a knob at the breech end of a cannon.]

Defn: The projection in rear of the breech of a cannon, usually a knob or breeching loop connected with the gun by a neck. In old writers it included all in rear of the base ring.

Note: [See Illust. of Cannon.]

CASCADE Cas*cade", n. Etym: [F. cascade, fr. It. cascata, fr. cascare to ball.]

Defn: A fall of water over a precipice, as in a river or brook; a
waterfall less than a cataract.
The silver brook . . . pours the white cascade. Longjellow.
Now murm'ring soft, now roaring in cascade. Cawper.

CASCADE
Cas*cade", v. i.

1. To fall in a cascade. Lowell.

2. To vomit. [Slang] Smollett.

CASCADE METHOD
Cas*cade" meth"od. (Physics)

Defn: A method of attaining successively lower temperatures by utilizing the cooling effect of the expansion of one gas in condensing another less easily liquefiable, and so on.

CASCADE SYSTEM
Cascade system. (Elec.)

Defn: A system or method of connecting and operating two induction motors so that the primary circuit of one is connected to the secondary circuit of the other, the primary circuit of the latter being connected to the source of supply; also, a system of electric traction in which motors so connected are employed. The cascade system is also called tandem, or concatenated, system; the connection a cascade, tandem, or concatenated, connection, or a concatenation; and the control of the motors so obtained a tandem, or concatenation, control. In the cascade system of traction the cascade connection is used for starting and for low speeds up to half speed. For full speed the short-circuited motor is cut loose from the other motor and is either left idle or (commonly) connected direct to the line.

CASCALHO
Cas*cal"ho, n. Etym: [Pg., a chip of stone, gravel.]

Defn: A deposit of pebbles, gravel, and ferruginous sand, in which the Brazilian diamond is usually found.

CASCARA BUCKTHORN
Cas"ca*ra buck"thorn`. (Bot.)

Defn: The buckthorn (Rhamnus Purshiana) of the Pacific coast of the
United States, which yields cascara sagrada.

CASCARA SAGRADA
Cas"ca*ra sa*gra"da. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: Holy bark; the bark of the California buckthorn (Rhamnus
Purshianus), used as a mild cathartic or laxative.

CASCARILLA Cas`ca*ril"la, n.Etym: [Sp., small thin bark, Peruvian bark, dim. of cáscara bark.] (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous West Indian shrub (Croton Eleutheria); also, its aromatic bark. Cascarilla bark (or Cascarila) (Med.), the bark of Croton Eleutheria. It has an aromatic odor and a warm, spicy, bitter taste, and when burnt emits a musky odor. It is used as a gentle tonic, and sometimes, for the sake of its fragrance, mixed with smoking tobacco, when it is said to occasion vertigo and intoxication.

CASCARILLIN
Cas`ca*ril"lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystallizable, bitter substance extracted from oil of cascarilla.

CASCARON
Cas`ca*ron", n. [Sp. cascarón.]

Defn: Lit., an eggshell; hence, an eggshell filled with confetti to be thrown during balls, carnivals, etc. [Western U. S.]

CASE
Case, n. Etym: [OF. casse, F. caisse (cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa
chest, box, case, fr. caper to take, hold See Capacious, and cf. 4th
Chase, Cash, Enchase, 3d Sash.]

1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case (capsule) of a cartridge; a case (cover) for a book.

2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type.

Note: Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the upper and the lower case. The upper case contains capitals, small capitals, accented; the lower case contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces.

4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A small fissure which admits water to the workings. Knight.

CASE
Case, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cased; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.]

1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose. The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle. Prescott.

2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [Obs.]

CASE
Case, n. Etym: [F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen.
Cf. Chance.]

1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [Obs.] By aventure, or sort, or cas. Chaucer.

2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstamces; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes. In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. Deut. xxiv. 13. If the case of the man be so with his wife. Matt. xix. 10. And when a lady's in the case. You know all other things give place. Gay. You think this madness but a common case. Pope. I am in case to justle a constable, Shak.

3. (Med. & Surg.)

Defn: A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or injury. A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases. Arbuthnot.

4. (Law)

Defn: The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause. Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is not reason. Sir John Powell. Not one case in the reports of our courts. Steele.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word. Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative. J. W. Gibbs.

Note: Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case endings are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by case endings, but in modern English only that of the possessive case is retained. Action on the case (Law), according to the old classification (now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; — called also trespass on the case, or simply case. — All a case, a matter of indifference. [Obs.] "It is all a case to me." L'Estrange. — Case at bar. See under Bar, n. — Case divinity, casuistry. — Case lawyer, one versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law. — Case stated or agreed on (Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on them. — A hard case, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [Colloq.] — In any case, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. — In case, or In case that, if; supposing that; in the event or contingency; if it should happen that. "In case we are surprised, keep by me." W. Irving. — In good case, in good condition, health, or state of body. — To put a case, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case.

Syn. — Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action; suit.

CASE
Case, v. i.

Defn: To propose hypothetical cases. [Obs.] "Casing upon the matter."
L'Estrange.

CASEATION
Ca`se*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caséation. See Casein.] (Med.)

Defn: A degeneration of animal tissue into a cheesy or curdy mass.

CASE-BAY Case"-bay`, n. (Arch.) (a) The space between two principals or girders. (b) One of the joists framed between a pair of girders in naked flooring.

CASEHARDEN
Case"hard`en, v. t.

1. To subject to a process which converts the surface of iron into steel.

2. To render insensible to good influences.

CASEHARDENED
Case"hard`ened, a.

1. Having the surface hardened, as iron tools.

2. Hardened against, or insusceptible to, good influences; rendered callous by persistence in wrongdoing or resistance of good influences; — said of persons.

CASEHARDENING
Case"hard`en*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting the surface of iron into steel. Ure.

Note: Casehardening is now commonly effected by cementation with charcoal or other carbonizing material, the depth and degree of hardening (carbonization) depending on the time during which the iron is exposed to the heat. See Cementation.

CASEIC
Ca"se*ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. caséique, fr. L. caseus cheese.]

Defn: OF or pertaining to cheese; as, caseic acid.

CASEIN
Ca"se*in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. caséine, fr. L. caseur cheese. Cf.
Cheese.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A proteid substance present in both the animal and the vegetable kingdom. In the animal kindom it is chiefly found in milk, and constitutes the main part of the curd separated by rennet; in the vegetable kingdom it is found more or less abundantly in the seeds of leguminous plants. Its reactions resemble those of alkali albumin. [Written also caseine.]

CASE KNIFE
Case" knife`.

1. A knife carried in a sheath or case. Addison.

2. A large table knife; — so called from being formerly kept in a case.

CASEMATE Case"mate, n. Etym: [F. casemate, fr. It. casamatta, prob. from casa house + matto, f. matta, mad, weak, feeble, dim. from the same source as E. -mate in checkmate.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A hollow molding, chiefly in cornices.

CASEMATED
Case"ma`ted, a.

Defn: Furnished with, protected by, or built like, a casemate.
Campbell.

CASEMENT Case"ment, n. Etym: [Shortened fr. encasement. See Incase 1st Case, and cf. Incasement.] (Arch.)

Defn: A window sash opening on hinges affixed to the upright side of the frame into which it is fitted. (Poetically) A window. A casement of the great chamber window. Shak.

CASEMENTED
Case"ment*ed, a.

Defn: Having a casement or casements.

CASEOSE
Ca"se*ose, n. [Casein + -ose.] (Physiol.Chem.)

Defn: A soluble product (proteose) formed in the gastric and pancreatic digestion of casein and caseinogen.

CASEOUS
Ca"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. caseus. Cf. Casein.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, cheese; having the qualities of cheese; cheesy. Caseous degeneration, a morbid process, in scrofulous or consumptive persons, in which the products of inflammation are converted into a cheesy substance which is neither absorbed nor organized.

CASERN
Ca"sern, n. Etym: [F. caserne.]

Defn: A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, usually near the rampart; barracks. Bescherelle.

CASE SHOT
Case" shot`. (Mil.)

Defn: A collection of small projectiles, inclosed in a case or canister.

Note: In the United States a case shot is a thin spherical or oblong cast-iron shell containing musket balls and a bursting charge, with a time fuse; — called in Europe shrapnel. In Europe the term case shot is applied to what in the United States is called canister. Wilhelm.

CASE SYSTEM
Case system. (Law)

Defn: The system of teaching law in which the instruction is primarily a historical and inductive study of leading or selected cases, with or without the use of textbooks for reference and collateral reading.

CASEUM
Ca"se*um, n. Etym: [L. caseus cheese.]

Defn: Same as Casein.

CASEWORM
Case"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A worm or grub that makes for itself a case. See Caddice.

CASH
Cash, n. Etym: [F. caisse case, box, cash box, cash. See Case a box.]

Defn: A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a money box. [Obs.] This bank is properly a general cash, where every man lodges his money. Sir W. Temple. £20,000 are known to be in her cash. Sir R. Winwood.

2. (Com.) (a) Ready money; especially, coin or specie; but also applied to bank notes, drafts, bonds, or any paper easily convertible into money. (b) Immediate or prompt payment in current funds; as, to sell goods for cash; to make a reduction in price for cash. Cash account (Bookkeeping), an account of money received, disbursed, and on hand. — Cash boy, in large retail stores, a messenger who carries the money received by the salesman from customers to a cashier, and returns the proper change. [Colloq.] — Cash credit, an account with a bank by which a person or house, having given security for repayment, draws at pleasure upon the bank to the extent of an amount agreed upon; — called also bank credit and cash account. — Cash sales, sales made for ready, money, in distinction from those on which credit is given; stocks sold, to be delivered on the day of transaction.

Syn.
— Money; coin; specie; currency; capital.

CASH
Cash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Casing.]

Defn: To pay, or to receive, cash for; to exchange for money; as, cash a note or an order.

CASH
Cash, v. t. Etym: [See Cashier.]

Defn: To disband. [Obs.] Garges.

CASH
Cash, n.sing & pl.

Defn: A Chinese coin.

Note: The cash (Chinese tsien) is the only current coin made by the chinese government. It is a thin circular disk of a very base alloy of copper, with a square hole in the center. 1,000 to 1,400 cash are equivalent to a dollar.

CASHBOOK
Cash"book, n. (Bookkeeping)

Defn: A book in which is kept a register of money received or paid out.

CASHEW Ca*shew", n. Etym: [F. acajou, for cajou, prob. from Malay kayu tree; cf. Pg. acaju, cf. Acajou.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Anacardium occidentale) of the same family which the sumac. It is native in tropical America, but is now naturalized in all tropical countries. Its fruit, a kidney-shaped nut, grows at the extremity of an edible, pear-shaped hypocarp, about three inches long. Casbew nut, the large, kidney-shaped fruit of the cashew, which is edible after the caustic oil has been expelled from the shell by roasting the nut.

CASHIER
Cash*ier", n. Etym: [F. caissier, fr. caisse. See Cash.]

Defn: One who has charge of money; a cash keeper; the officer who has charge of the payments and receipts (moneys, checks, notes), of a bank or a mercantile company.

CASHIER
Cash*ier", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cahiered; p. pr. &vb. n. Cashiering.]
Etym: [Earlier cash, fr. F. casser to break, annul, cashier, fr. L.
cassare, equiv. to cassum reddere, to annul; cf. G. cassiren. Cf.
Quash to annul, Cass.]

1. To dismiss or discard; to discharge; to dismiss with ignominy from military service or from an office or place of frust. They have cashiered several of their followers. Addison. He had insolence to cashier the captain of the lord lieutenant's own body guard. Macaulay.

2. To put away or reject; to disregard. [R.]
Connections formed for interest, and endeared
By selfish views, [are] censured and cashiered. Cowper.
They absolutely cashier the literal express sense of the words.
Sowth.

CASHIERER
Cash*ier"er, n.

Defn: One who rejects, discards, or dismisses; as, a cashierer of monarchs. [R.] Burke.

CASHIER'S CHECK
Cash*ier's" check. (Banking)

Defn: A check drawn by a bank upon its own funds, signed by the cashier.

CASHMERE
Cash"mere, n.

1. A rich stuff for shawls, acaris, etc., originally made in Cashmere from the soft wool found beneath the hair of the goats of Cashmere, Thibet, and the Himalayas. Some cashmere, of fine quality, is richly embroidered for sale to Europeans.

2. A dress fabric made of fine wool, or of fine wool and cotton, in imitation of the original cashmere. Cashmere shawl, a rich and costly shawl made of cashmere; — other called camel's-hair shawl.

CASHMERETTE
Cash`me*rette", n.

Defn: A kind of dress goods, made with a soft and glossy surface like cashmere.

CASHOO Ca*shoo", n. Etym: [F. cachou, NL. catechu, Cochin-Chin. cay cau from the tree called mimosa, or areca catechu. Cf. Catechu.]

Defn: See Catechu.

CASH RAILWAY
Cash railway.

Defn: A form of cash carrier in which a small carrier or car travels upon a kind of track.

CASH REGISTER
Cash register.

Defn: A device for recording the amount of cash received, usually having an automatic adding machine and a money drawer and exhibiting the amount of the sale.

CASING
Cas"ing, n.

1. The act or process of inclosing in, or covering with, a case or thin substance, as plaster, boards, etc.

2. An outside covering, for protection or ornament, or to precent the radiation of heat.

3. An inclosing frame; esp. the framework around a door or a window. See Case, n., 4.

CASINGS
Ca"sings, n. pl.

Defn: Dried dung of cattle used as fuel. [Prov. Eng.] Waterland.

CASINO Ca*si"no, n.; pl. E. Casinos, It. Casini. Etym: [It. casino, dim. of casa house, fr. L. casa cottage. Cf. Cassing.]

1. A small country house.

2. A building or room used for meetings, or public amusements, for dancing, gaming, etc.

3. A game at cards. See Cassino.

CASK Cask, n. Etym: [Sp. casco potsherd, skull, helmet, prob. fr. cascar to break, fr. L. Quassure to break. Cf. Casque, Cass.]

1. Same as Casque. [Obs.]

2. A barrel-shaped vessel made of staves headings, and hoops, usually fitted together so as to hold liquids. It may be larger or smaller than a barrel.

3. The quantity contained in a cask.

4. A casket; a small box for jewels. [Obs.] Shak.

CASK
Cask, v. t.

Defn: To put into a cask.

CASKET Cas"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. F. casquet, dim. of casque belmet, fr. Sp. casco.]

1. A small chest or box, esp. of rich material or ornamental character, as for jewels, etc. The little casket bring me hither. Shak.

2. A kind of burial case. [U. S.]

3. Anything containing or intended to contain something highly esteemed; as: (a) The body. (Shak). (b) The tomb. (Milton). (c) A book of selections. [poetic] They found him dead . . . an empty casket. Shak.

CASKET
Cas"ket, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A gasket. See Gasket.

CASKET
Cas"ket, v. t.

Defn: To put into, or preserve in, a casket. [Poetic] "I have casketed my treasure." Shak.

CASQUE
Casque, n. Etym: [F. casque, fr. Sp. casco See Cask.]

Defn: A piece of defensive or ornamental armor (with or without a vizor) for the head and neck; a helmet. His casque overshadowed with brilliant plumes. Prescott.

CASS Cass, v. t. Etym: [F. casser, LL. cassare, fr. L. cassus empty, hollow, and perhaps influenced by L. quassare to shake, shatter, v. intens. of quatere to shake. Cf. Cashier, v. t., Quash, Cask.]

Defn: To render useless or void; to annul; to reject; to send away.
[Obs.] Sir W. Raleing.

CASSADA
Cas"sa*da, n.

Defn: See Cassava.

CASSAREEP
Cas"sa*reep, n.

Defn: A condiment made from the sap of the bitter cassava (Manihot utilissima) deprived of its poisonous qualities, concentrated by boiling, and flavored with aromatics. See Pepper pot.

CASSATE
Cas"sate, v. t. Etym: [LL. cassare. See Cass.]

Defn: To render void or useless; to vacate or annul. [Obs.]

CASSATION
Cas*sa"tion, n. Etym: [F. cassation. See Cass.]

Defn: The act of annulling. A general cassation of their constitutions. Motley. Court of cassation, the highest court of appeal in France, which has power to quash (Casser) or reverse the decisions of the inferior courts.

CASSAVA Cas"sa*va, n. Etym: [F. cassave, Sp. cazabe, fr. kasabi, in the language of Hayti.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrubby euphorbiaceous plant of the genus Manihot, with fleshy rootstocks yielding an edible starch; — called also manioc.

Note: There are two species, bitter and sweet, from which the cassava of commerce is prepared in the West Indies, tropical America, and Africa. The bitter (Manihot utilissima) is the more important; this has a poisonous sap, but by grating, pressing, and baking the root the poisonous qualities are removed. The sweet (M. Aipi) is used as a table vegetable.

2. A nutritious starch obtained from the rootstocks of the cassava plant, used as food and in making tapioca.

CASSAVA WOOD
Cas"sa*va wood`. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian tree (Turpinia occidentalis) of the family
Staphyleaceæ.

CASSEL BROWN; CASSEL EARTH
Cas"sel brown, Cas"sel earth .

Defn: A brown pigment of varying permanence, consisting of impure lignite. It was found originally near Cassel (now Kassel), Germany.

CASSE PAPER
Cas"se Pa"per. Etym: [F. papier cassé. See Cass.]

Defn: Broken paper; the outside quires of a ream.

CASSEROLE
Cas"se*role n. Etym: [F. a saucepan, dim. from casse a basin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A small round dish with a handle, usually of porcelain.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: A mold (in the shape of a hollow vessel or incasement) of boiled rice, mashed potato or paste, baked, and afterwards filled with vegetables or meat.

CASSE-TETE Casse`-tête", n. [F., fr. casser to breal (see 2d Quash) + tête head.]

Defn: A small war club, esp. of savages; — so called because of its supposed use in crushing the skull.

CASSETTE
Cas`sette", n. [F., prop., a casket, dim. of casse a case. See lst
Case.]

Defn: Same as Seggar.

CASSIA Cas"sia, n. Etym: [L. cassia and casia, Gr. qetsi\'beh, fr. qatsa' to cut off, to peel off.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants (herbs, shrubs, or trees) of many species, most of which have purgative qualities. The leaves of several species furnish the senna used in medicine.

2. The bark of several species of Cinnamommum grown in China, etc.; Chinese cinnamon. It is imported as cassia, but commonly sold as cinnamon, from which it differs more or less in strength and flavor, and the amount of outer bark attached.

Note: The medicinal "cassia" (Cassia pulp) is the laxative pulp of the pods of a leguminous tree (Cassia fistula or Pudding-pipe tree), native in the East Indies but naturalized in various tropical countries. Cassia bark, the bark of Cinnamomum Cassia, etc. The coarser kinds are called Cassia lignea, and are often used to adulterate true cinnamon. — Cassia buds, the dried flower buds of several species of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia, atc..). — Cassia oil, oil extracted from cassia bark and cassia buds; — called also oil of cinnamon.

CASSICAN
Cas"si*can, n. Etym: [NL. cassicus helmeted, fr. L. cassis a belmet.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An American bird of the genus Cassicus, allied to the starlings and orioles, remarkable for its skillfully constructed and suspended nest; the crested oriole. The name is also sometimes given to the piping crow, an Australian bird.

CASSIDEOUS
Cas*sid"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. Cassis helmet.] (Bot.)

Defn: Helmet-shaped; — applied to a corolla having a broad, helmet- shaped upper petal, as in aconite.

CASSIDONY Cas"si*do*ny, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. cassidonium, F. Cassidoine. See Chalcedony.] (Bot.) (a) The French lavender (Lawandula Stachas). (b) The goldilocks (Chrysocoma linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.

CASSIMERE Cas"si*mere, n. Etym: [Cf. F. casimir, prob. of the same origin as E. cashmere. Cf. Kerseymere.]

Defn: A thin, twilled, woolen cloth, used for men's garments.
[Written also kerseymere.]

CASSINETTE
Cas`si*nette", n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. casinete, G. cassinet.]

Defn: A cloth with a cotton wart, and a woof of very fine wool, or wool and silk.

CASSINIAN OVALS
Cas*sin"i*an o"vals. (Math.)

Defn: See under Oval.

CASSINO Cas*si"no, n. Etym: [It. casino a small house, a gaming house. See asing.]

Defn: A game at cards, played by two or more persons, usually for twenty-one points. Great cassino, the ten of diamonds. — Little cassino, the two of spades.

CASSIOBERRY
Cas"si*o*ber`ry, n. Etym: [NL. cassine, from the language of the
Florida Indians.]

Defn: The fruit of the Viburnum obovatum, a shrub which grows from
Virginia to Florida.

CASSIOPEIA
Cas`si*o*pe"ia, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the northern hemisphere, situated between Capheus and Perseus; — so called in honor of the wife of Cepheus, a fabuolous king of Ethiopia. Cassiopeia's Chair, a group of six stars, in Cassiopeia, somewhat resembling a chair.

CASSITERITE
Cas*sit"er*ite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Native tin dioxide; tin stone; a mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of reddish brown color, and brilliant adamantine luster; also massive, sometimes in compact forms with concentric fibrous structure resembling wood (wood tin), also in rolled fragments or pebbly (Stream tin). It is the chief source of metallic tin. See Black tin, under Black.

CASSIUS
Cas"sius, n. Etym: [From the name of the discoverer, A. Cassius, a
German physician of the 17th centry.]

Defn: A brownish purple pigment, obtained by the action of some compounds of tin upon certain salts of gold. It is used in painting and staining porcelain and glass to give a beautiful purple color. Commonly called Purple of Cassius.

CASSOCK Cas"sock, n. Etym: [F. casaque, fr. It. casacca, perh. fr. L. casa cottage, in It., house; or of Slavic origin.]

1. A long outer garment formerly worn by men and women, as well as by soldiers as part of their uniform.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A garment resembling a long frock coat worn by the clergy of certain churches when officiating, and by others as the usually outer garment.

CASSOCKED
Cas"socked, a.

Defn: Clothed with a cassock.

CASSOLETTE
Cas`so*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: a box, or vase with a perforated cover to emit perfumes.

CASSONADE
Cas`son*ade", n. Etym: [F., fr. casson, for caisson a large chest.
This sugar comes from Brazil in large chests.]

Defn: Raw sugar; sugar not refined. Mc Elrath.

CASSOWARY
Cas"so*wa*ry, n.; pl. Cassowaries. Etym: [Malay kasuari.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bird, of the genus Casuarius, found in the east Indies. It is smaller and stouter than the ostrich. Its head is armed with a kind of helmet of horny substance, consisting of plates overlapping each other, and it has a group of long sharp spines on each wing which are used as defensive organs. It is a shy bird, and runs with great rapidity. Other species inhabit New Guinea, Australia, etc.

CASSUMUNAR; CASSUMUNIAR
Cas`su*mu"nar, Cas`su*mu"ni*ar, n. Etym: [Hind.] (Med.)

Defn: A pungent, bitter, aromatic, gingerlike root, obtained from the
East Indies.

CAST
Cast, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cast; p. pr. & vb. n. Casting.] Etym: [Cf.
Dan. kastw, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin to L. gerer to bear, carry.
E. Jest.]

1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to impel.
Uzziash prepared . . . slings to cast stones. 2 Chron. xxvi. 14
Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. Acts. xii. 8
We must be cast upon a certain island. Acts. xxvii. 26.

2. To direct or turn, as the eyes. How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! Shak.

3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot.

4. To throw down, as in wrestling. Shak.

5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart. Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee. Luke xix. 48.

6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.
His filth within being cast. Shak.
Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. Mal. iii. 11
The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the viper, etc.
Bacon.

7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink. Thy she-goats have not cast their young. Gen. xxi. 38.

8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.] This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. Woodward.

9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to cast a ray upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject.

10. To impose; to bestow; to rest. The government I cast upon my brother. Shak. Cast thy burden upon the Lord. Ps. iv. 22.

11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.] The state can not with safety casthim.

12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a horoscope. "Let it be cast and paid." Shak. You cast the event of war my noble lord. Shak.

13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic] The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for [an orange- house]. Sir W. Temple.

14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict; as, to be cast in damages. She was cast to be hanged. Jeffrey. Were the case referred to any competent judge, they would inevitably be cast. Dr. H. More.

15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice. How much interest casts the balance in cases dubious! South.

16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as, to cast bells, stoves, bullets.

17. (Print.)

Defn: To stereotype or electrotype.

18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part. Our parts in the other world will be new cast. Addison. To cast anchor (Naut.) Se under Anchor. — To cast a horoscope, to calculate it. — To cast a horse, sheep, or other animal, to throw with the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its rising again. — To cast a shoe, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a horse or ox. — To cast aside, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to reject as useless or inconvenient. — To cast away. (a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste. "Cast away a life" Addison. (b) To reject; to let perish. "Cast away his people." Rom. xi. 1. "Cast one away." Shak. (c) To wreck. "Cast away and sunk." Shak. — To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw away. — To cast down, to throw down; to destroy; to deject or depress, as the mind. "Why art thou cast down. O my soul" Ps. xiii. 5. — To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place; to emit; to send out. — To cast in one's lot with, to share the fortunes of. — To cast in one's teeth, to upbraid or abuse one for; to twin. — To cast lots. See under Lot. — To cast off. (a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to free one's self from. (b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set loose, or free, as dogs. Crabb. (c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or let go, as a rope. — To cast off copy, (Print.), to estimate how much printed matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the page must be in order that the copy may make a given number of pages. — To cast one's self on or upon to yield or submit one's self unreservedly to. as to the mercy of another. — To cast out, to throy out; to eject, as from a house; to cast forth; to expel; to utter. — To cast the lead (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to the botton. — To cast the water (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of disease. [Obs.]. — To cast up. (a) To throw up; to raise. (b) To compute; to reckon, as the cost. (c) To vomit. (d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.

CAST
Cast, v. i.

1. To throw, as a line in angling, esp, with a fly hook.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To turn the head of a vessel around from the wind in getting
under weigh.
Weigh anchor, cast to starboard. Totten.

3. To consider; to turn or revolve in the mind; to plan; as, to cast
about for reasons.
She . . . cast in her mind what manner of salution this should be.
Luke. i. 29.

4. To calculate; to compute. [R.] Who would cast and balance at a desk. Tennyson.

5. To receive form or shape in a mold. It will not run thin, so as to cast and mold. Woodward.

6. To warp; to become twisted out of shape. Stuff is said to cast or warp when . . . it alters its flatness or straightness. Moxon.

7. To vomit. These verses . . . make me ready to cast. B. Jonson.

CAST
Cast,

Defn: 3d pres. of Cast, for Casteth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CAST
Cast, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel., Dan., & Sw. kast.]

1. The act of casting or throwing; a throw.

2. The thing thrown. A cast of dreadful dust. Dryden.

3. The distance to which a thing is or can be thrown. "About a stone's cast." Luke xxii. 41.

4. A throw of dice; hence, a chance or venture. An even cast whether the army should march this way or that way. Sowth. I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. Shak.

5. That which is throw out or off, shed, or ejected; as, the skin of an insect, the refuse from a hawk's stomach, the excrement of a earthworm.

6. The act of casting in a mold. And why such daily cast of brazen cannon. Shak.

7. An impression or mold, taken from a thing or person; amold; a pattern.

8. That which is formed in a mild; esp. a reproduction or copy, as of a work of art, in bronze or plaster, etc.; a casting.

9. Form; appearence; mien; air; style; as, a pecullar cast of countenance. "A neat cast of verse." Pope. An heroic poem, but in another cast and figure. Prior. And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought. Shak.

10. A tendency to any color; a tinge; a shade. Gray with a cast of green. Woodward.

11. A chance, opportunity, privilege, or advantage; specifically, an opportunity of riding; a lift. [Scotch] We bargained with the driver to give us a cast to the next stage. Smollett. If we had the cast o' a cart to bring it. Sir W. Scott.

12. The assignment of parts in a play to the actors.

13. (Falconary)

Defn: A flight or a couple or set of hawks let go at one time from
the hand. Grabb.
As when a cast of falcons make their flight. Spenser.

14. A stoke, touch, or trick. [Obs.] This was a cast of Wood's politics; for his information was wholly false. Swift.

15. A motion or turn, as of the eye; direction; look; glance; squint.
The cast of the eye is a gesture of aversion. Bacon.
And let you see with one cast of an eye. Addison.
This freakish, elvish cast came into the child's eye. Hawthorne.

16. A tube or funnel for conveying metal into a mold.

17. Four; that is, as many as are thrown into a vessel at once in counting herrings, etc; a warp.

18. Contrivance; plot, design. [Obs.] Chaucer. A cast of the eye, a slight squint or strabismus. — Renal cast (Med.), microscopic bodies found in the urine of persons affected with disease of the kidneys; — so called because they are formed of matter deposited in, and preserving the outline of, the renal tubes. — The last cast, the last throw of the dice or last effort, on which every thing is ventured; the last chance.

CASTALIAN
Cas*ta"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Castalius]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Castalia, a mythical fountain of inspiration on Mt. Parnassus sacred to the Muses. Milton.

CASTANEA
Cas*ta"ne*a, n. Etym: [L., a chestnut, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of nut-bearing trees or shrubs including the chestnut and chinquapin.

CASTANET
Cas"ta*net, n.

Defn: See Castanets.

CASTANETS Cas"ta*nets, n. pl. Etym: [F. castagnettes, Sp. castañetas, fr. L. castanea (Sp. castaña) a chestnut. So named from the resemblance to two chestnuts, or because chestnuts were first used for castanets. See Chestnut.]

Defn: Two small, concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons, fastened to the thumb, and beaten together with the middle finger; — used by the Spaniards and Moors as an accompaniment to their dance and guitars.

Note: The singular, castanet, is used of one of the pair, or, sometimes, of the pair forming the instrument. The dancer, holding a castanet in each hand, rattles then to the motion of his feet. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

CASTAWAY
Cast"a*way, n.

1. One who, or that which, is cast away or shipwrecked.

2. One who is ruined; one who has made moral shipwreck; a reprobate. Lest . . . when I have preached to others, I myself should be a castaway. 1 Cor. ix. 27.

CASTAWAY
Cast"a*way, a.

Defn: Of no value; rejected; useless.

CASTE Caste, n. Etym: [Pg. casta race, lineage, fr. L. castus pure, chaste: cf. F. caste, of same origin.]

1. One of the hereditary classes into which the Hindoos are divided according to the laws of Brahmanism.

Note: The members of the same caste are theoretically of equal rank, and same profession or occupation, and may not eat or intermarry with those not of their own caste. The original are four, viz., the Brahmans, or sacerdotal order; the Kshatriyas, or soldiers and rulers; the Vaisyas, or husbandmen and merchants; and the Sudras, or laborers and mechanics. Men of no caste are Pariahs, outcasts. Numerous mixed classes, or castes, have sprung up in the progress of time.

2. A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly hold intercourse among themselves. The tinkers then formed an hereditary caste. Macaulay. To lose caste, to be degraded from the caste to which one has belonged; to lose social position or consideration.

CASTELLAN Cas"tel*lan, n. Etym: [OF. castelain, F. châtelain, L. castellanus pertaining to a castle, an occupant of a caste, LL., a governor of a castle, fr. L. catellum castle, citadel, dim. of castrum fortifled place. See Castle, and cf. Chatelaine.]

Defn: A goveror or warden of a castle.

CASTELLANY
Cas"tel*la*ny, n.; pl. Castellanies. Etym: [LL. castellania.]

Defn: The lordship of a castle; the extent of land and jurisdiction appertaining to a castle.

CASTELLATED
Cas"tel*la`ted, a. Etym: [LL. castellatus, fr. castellare. See
Castle.]

1. Inclosed within a building; as, a fountain or cistern castellated. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Furnished with turrets and battlements, like a castle; built in the style of a castle.

CASTELLATION Cas`tel*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. castellation, fr. castellare, fr. L. castellum. See Castle.]

Defn: The act of making into a castle.

CASTER
Cast"er, n.

1. One who casts; as, caster of stones, etc. ; a caster of cannon; a caster of accounts.

2. A vial, cruet, or other small vessel, used to contain condiments at the table; as, a set of casters.

3. A stand to hold a set of cruets.

4. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is supported and moved.

CASTIGATE Cas"ti*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Castigating.] Etym: [L. castigatus, p. p. of castigare to correct, punish; castus pure, chaste + agere to move, drive. See Caste, and cf. Chasten.]

1. To punish by stripes; to chastise by blows; to chasten; also, to chastise verbally; to reprove; to criticise severely.

2. To emend; to correct. [Obs.]

CASTIGATION
Cas`ti*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. catigatio.]

1. Corrective punishment; chastisement; reproof; pungent criticism. The keenest castigation of her slanderers. W. Irving.

2. Emendation; correction. [Obs.]

CASTIGATOR
Cas`ti*ga"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who castigates or corrects.

CASTIGATORY
Cas`ti*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. castigatorius.]

Defn: Punitive in order to amendment; corrective.

CASTIGATORY
Cas"ti*ga*to*ry, n.

Defn: An instrument formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds; — called also a ducking stool, or trebucket. Blacktone.

CASTILE SOAP
Cas"tile soap". Etym: [From Castile, or Castilia, a province in
Spain, from which it originally came.]

Defn: A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, made with olive and soda; also, a soap made in imitation of the above-described soap.

CASTILIAN
Cas*til"ian, n. Etym: [Sp. castellano, from Castila, NL. Castilia,
Castella. Castile, which received its name from the castles erected
on the frontiers as a barrier against the Moors.]

1. An inhabitant or native of Castile, in Spain.

2. The Spanish language as spoken in Castile.

CASTILLAN
Cas*til"lan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Castile, in Spain.

CASTING
Cast"ing, n.

1. The act of one who casts or throws, as in fishing.

2. The act or process of making cast or impressions, or of shaping metal or plaster in a mold; the act or the process of pouring molten metal into a mold.

3. That which is cast in a mold; esp. the mass of metal so cast; as, a casting in iron; bronze casting.

4. The warping of a board. Brande & C.

5. The act of casting off, or that which is cast off, as skin, feathers, excrement, etc. Casting of draperies, the proper distribution of the folds of garments, in painting and sculpture. — Casting line (Fishing), the leader; also, sometimes applied to the long reel line. Casting net, a net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left. — Casting voice, Casting vote, the decisive vote of a presiding officer, when the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided. "When there was an equal vote, the governor had the casting voice." B. Trumbull. — Casting weight, a weight that turns a balance when exactly poised.

CAST IRON
Cast" i`ron.

Defn: Highly carbonized iron, the direct product of the blast furnace; — used for making castings, and for conversion into wrought iron and steel. It can not be welded or forged, is brittle, and sometimes very hard. Besides carbon, it contains sulphur, phosphorus, silica, etc.

CAST-IRON
Cast"-i`ron, a.

Defn: Made of cast iron. Hence, Fig.: like cast iron; hardy; unyielding.

CASTLE Cas"tle, n. Etym: [AS. castel, fr. L. castellum, dim. of castrum a fortified place, castle.]

1. A fortified residence, especially that of a prince or nobleman; a fortress. The house of every one is to him castle and fortress, as well for his defense againts injury and violence, as for his repose. Coke. Our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn. Shak.

Note: Originally the mediæval castle was a single strong tower or keep, with a palisaded inclosure around it and inferior buidings, such as stables and the like, and surrounded by a moat; then such a keep or donjon, with courtyards or baileys and accessory buildings of greater elaboration a great hall and a chapel, all surrounded by defensive walls and a moat, with a drawbridge, etc. Afterwards the name was retained by large dwellings that had formerly been fortresses, or by those which replaced ancient fortresses. A Donjon or Keep, an irregular building containing the dwelling of the lord and his family; B C Large round towers ferming part of the donjon and of the exterior; D Square tower, separating the two inner courts and forming part of the donjon; E Chapel, whose apse forms a half-round tower, F, on the exterior walls; G H Round towers on the exterior walls; K Postern gate, reached from outside by a removable fight of steps or inclined plane for hoisting in stores, and leading to a court, L (see small digagram) whose pavement is on a level with the sill of the postern, but below the level of the larger court, with which it communicates by a separately fortified gateway; M Turret, containing spiral stairway to all the stories of the great tower, B, and serving also as a station for signal fire, banner, etc.; N Turret with stairway for tower, C; O Echauguettes; P P P Battlemants consisting of merlons and crenels alternately, the merlons being pierced by loopholes; Q Q Machicolations (those at Q defend the postern K); R Outwork defending the approach, which is a road ascending the hill and passing under all four faces of the castle; S S Wall of the outer bailey. The road of approach enters the bailey at T and passes thence into the castle by the main entrance gateway (which is in the wall between, and defended by the towers, C H) and over two drawbridges and through fortified passages to the inner court.

2. Any strong, imposing, and stately mansion.

3. A small tower, as on a ship, or an elephant's back.

4. A piece, made to represent a castle, used in the game of chess; a rook. Castle in the air, a visionary project; a baseless scheme; an air castle; — sometimes called a castle in Spain (F. Château en Espagne).

Syn.
— Fortress; fortification; citadel; stronghold. See Fortress.

CASTLE
Cas"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Castled (. p. pr. & vb. n. Castling.]
(Chess)

Defn: To move the castle to the square next to king, and then the king around the castle to the square next beyond it, for the purpose of covering the king.

CASTLEBUILDER
Cas"tle*build`er, n.

Defn: Fig.: one who builds castles in the air or forms visionary
schemes.
— Cas"tle*build`ing, n.

CASTLED
Cas"tled, a.

Defn: Having a castle or castles; supporting a castle; as, a castled height or crag.

2. Fortified; turreted; as, castled walls.

CASTLE-GUARD
Cas"tle-guard`, n.

1. The guard or defense of a castle.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A tax or imposition an a dwelling within a certain distance of a castle, for the purpose of maintaining watch and ward in it; castle-ward.

3. A feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to perform service within the realm, without limitation of time.

CASTLERY
Cas"tle*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. castelerie. See Castle.]

Defn: The government of a castle. Blount.

CASTLET
Cas"tlet, n.

Defn: A small castle. Leland.

CASTLEWARD
Cas"tle*ward`, n.

Defn: Same as Castleguard.

CASTLING
Cast"ling, n.

Defn: That which is cast or brought forth prematurely; an abortion.
Sir T. Browne.

CASTLING
Cas"tling, n. (Chess)

Defn: A compound move of the king and castle. See Castle, v. i.

CAST-OFF
Cast"-off`, a.

Defn: Cast or laid aside; as, cast-off clothes.

CASTOR
Cas"tor, n. Etym: [L. castor the beaver, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of rodents, including the beaver. See Beaver.

2. Castoreum. See Castoreum.

3. A hat, esp. one made of beaver fur; a beaver. I have always been known for the jaunty manner in which I wear my castor. Sir W. Scott.

4. A heavy quality of broadcloth for overcoats.

CASTOR
Cast"or, n.

Defn: See Caster, a small wheel.

CASTOR
Cas"tor, n. Etym: [L.] (Astron.)

Defn: the northernmost of the two bright stars in the constellation
Gemini, the other being Pollux.

CASTOR; CASTORITE
Cas"tor, Cas"tor*ite, n. Etym: [The minerals castor and pollux were
so named because found together on the island of Elba. See Castor and
Pollux.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of the mineral called petalite, from Elba.

CASTOR AND POLLUX
Cas"tor and Pol"lux. Etym: [Castor and Pollux were twin sons of
Jupiter and Leda.] (Naut.)

Defn: See Saint Elmo's fire, under Saint.

CASTOR BEAN
Cas"tor bean". (Bot.)

Defn: The bean or seed of the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or
Palma Christi.)

CASTOREUM
Cas*to"re*um, n. Etym: [L. See Castor.]

Defn: A peculiar bitter orange-brown substance, with strong, penetrating odor, found in two sacs between the anus and external genitals of the beaver; castor; — used in medicine as an antispasmodic, and by perfumers.

CASTORIN
Cas"to*rin, n. Etym: [From 1st Castor.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained from castoreum.

CASTOR OIL
Cas"tor oil.

Defn: A mild cathartic oil, expressed or extracted from the seeds of the Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi. When fresh the oil is inodorus and insipid. Castor-oil plant. Same as Palma Christi.

CASTRAMETATION Cas`tra*me*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. castramétation, fr. L. castra camp + metari to measure off, fr. meta limit.] (Mil.)

Defn: The art or act of encamping; the making or laying out of a camp.

CASTRATE
Cas"trate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Castrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Castrating.] Etym: [L. castrarus, p; p. of castrare to castrate, asin
to Skr. çastra knife.]

1. To deprive of the testicles; to emasculate; to geld; to alter.

2. To cut or take out; esp. to remove anything erroneous, or objectionable from, as the obscene parts of a writing; to expurgate. My . . . correspondent . . . has sent me the following letter, which I have castrated in some places. Spectator.

CASTRATION
Cas*tra"tion, n. Etym: [L. castratio; cf. F. castration.]

Defn: The act of castrating.

CASTRATO
Cas*tra"to, n. Etym: [L., properly p. p. of castrare. See Castrate.]

Defn: A male person castrated for the purpose of improving his voice for singing; an artificial, or male, soprano. Swift.

CASTREL
Cas"trel, n. Etym: [Cf. F. crécerelle, cristel, OF. crecel, cercele.
Cf. Kestrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Kestrel.

CASTRENSIAL
Cas*tren"sial, a. Etym: [L. castrensis, fr. castra camp.]

Defn: Belonging to a camp. Sir T. Browne.

CASTRENSIAN
Cas*tren"sian, a.

Defn: Castrensial. [R.]

CAST STEEL
Cast" steel".

Defn: See Cast steel, under Steel.

CASUAL Cas"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. casuel, F. casuel, fr. L. casualis, fr. casus fall, accident, fr. cadere to fall. See Case.]

1. Happening or coming to pass without design, and without being foreseen or expected; accidental; fortuitous; coming by chance. Casual breaks, in the general system. W. Irving.

2. Coming without regularity; occasional; incidental; as, casual expenses. A constant habit, rather than a casual gesture. Hawthorne.

Syn. — Accidental; fortutious; incidental; occasional; contingent; unforeseen. See Accidental.

CASUAL
Cas"u*al, n.

Defn: One who receives relief for a night in a parish to which he does not belong; a vagrant.

CASUALISM
Cas"u*al*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine that all things exist or are controlled by chance.

CASUALIST
Cas"u*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in casualism.

CASUALLY
Cas"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Without design; accidentally; fortuitously; by chance; occasionally.

CASUALNESS
Cas"u*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being casual.

CASUALTY Cas"u*al*ty, n.; pl. Casualties. Etym: [F. casualité, LL. casualitas.]

1. That which comes without design or without being foreseen; contingency. Losses that befall them by mere casualty. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Any injury of the body from accident; hence, death, or other misfortune, occasioned by an accident; as, an unhappy casualty.

3. pl. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: Numerical loss caused by death, wounds, discharge, or desertion. Casualty ward, A ward in a hospital devoted to the treatment of injuries received by accident.

Syn.
— Accident; contingency; fortuity; misfortune.

CASUARINA Cas`u*a*ri"na, n. Etym: [NL., supposed to be named from the resemblance of the twigs to the feathers of the cassowary, of the genus Casuarius.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leafles trees or shrubs, with drooping branchlets of a rushlike appearance, mostly natives of Australia. Some of them are large, producing hard and heavy timber of excellent quality, called beefwood from its color.

CASUIST
Cas"u*ist, n. Etym: [L. casus fall, case; cf. F. casuiste. See
Casual.]

Defn: One who is skilled in, or given to, casuistry. The judment of any casuist or learned divine concerning the state of a man's soul, is not sufficient to give him confidence. South.

CASUIST
Cas"u*ist, v. i.

Defn: To play the casuist. Milton.

CASUISTIC; CASUISTICAL
Cas`u*is"tic, Cas`u*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to casuists or casuistry.

CASUISTRY
Cas"u*ist*ry, a.

1. The science or doctrine of dealing with cases of conscience, of resolving questions of right or wrong in conduct, or determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do by rules and principles drawn from the Scriptures, from the laws of society or the church, or from equity and natural reason; the application of general moral rules to particular cases. The consideration of these nice and puzzling question in the science of ethics has given rise, in modern times, to a particular department of it, distinguished by the title of casuistry. Stewart. Casuistry in the science of cases (i.e., oblique deflections from the general rule). De Quincey.

2. Sophistical, equivocal, or false reasoning or teaching in regard to duties, obligations, and morals.

CASUS
Ca"sus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An event; an occurrence; an occasion; a combination of circumstances; a case; an act of God. See the Note under Accident. Casus belli, an event or combination of events which is a cause war, or may be alleged as a justification of war. — Casus fortuitus, an accident against which due prudence could not have provided. See Act of God, under Act. — Casus omissus, a case not provided for by the statute.

CAT
Cat, n. Etym: [AS. cat; akin to D. & Dan. kat, Sw. kett, Icel. köttr,
G. katze, kater, Ir. Cat, W. cath, Armor. kaz, LL. catus, Bisc.
catua, NGr cot, Turk. kedi, Ar. qitt; of unknown origin. CF. Ketten.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal of various species of the genera Felis and Lynx. The domestic cat is Felis domestica. The European wild cat (Felis catus) is much larger than the domestic cat. In the United States the name wild cat is commonly applied to the bay lynx (Lynx rufus) See Wild cat, and Tiger cat.

Note: The domestic cat includes many varieties named from their place of origin or from some peculiarity; as, the Angora cat; the Maltese cat; the Manx cat.

Note: The word cat is also used to designate other animals, from some fancied resemblance; as, civet cat, fisher cat, catbird, catfish shark, sea cat.

2. (Naut.) (a) A strong vessel with a narrow stern, projecting quarters, and deep waist. It is employed in the coal and timber trade. (b) A strong tackle used to draw an anchor up to the cathead of a ship. Totten.

3. A double tripod (for holding a plate, etc.), having six feet, of which three rest on the ground, in whatever position in is placed.

4. An old game; (a) The game of tipcat and the implement with which it is played. See Tipcat. (c) A game of ball, called, according to the number of batters, one old cat, two old cat, etc.

5. A cat o' nine tails. See below. Angora cat, blind cat, See under Angora, Blind. — Black cat the fisher. See under Black. — Cat and dog, like a cat and dog; quarrelsome; inharmonius. "I am sure we have lived a cat and dog life of it." Coleridge. — Cat block (Naut.), a heavy iron-strapped block with a large hook, part of the tackle used in drawing an anchor up to the cathead. — Cat hook (Naut.), a strong hook attached to a cat block. — Cat nap, a very short sleep. [Colloq.] — Cat o' nine tails, an instrument of punishment consisting of nine pieces of knotted line or cord fastened to a handle; — formerly used to flog offenders on the bare back. — Cat's cradle, game played, esp. by children, with a string looped on the fingers so, as to resemble small cradle. The string is transferred from the fingers of one to those of another, at each transfer with a change of form. See Cratch, Cratch cradle. — To let the cat out of the bag, to tell a secret, carelessly or willfully. [Colloq.] — Bush cat, the serval. See Serval.

CAT
Cat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. tted; p. pr. & vb. n. Catting.] (Naut.)

Defn: To bring to the cathead; as, to cat an anchor. See Anchor.
Totten.

CATA
Cat"a. Etym: [Gr. kata`.]

Defn: The Latin and English form of a Greek preposition, used as a prefix to signify down, downward, under, against, contrary or opposed to, wholly, completely; as in cataclysm, catarrh. It sometimes drops the final vowel, as in catoptric; and is sometimes changed to cath, as in cathartic, catholic.

CATABAPTIST
Cat`a*bap"tist, n. Etym: [Pref. cata + aptist. See Baptist.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who opposes baptism, especially of infants. [Obs.] Featley.

CATABASION
Cat`a*ba"sion, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A vault under altar of a Greek church.

CATABIOTIC
Cat`a*bi*ot"ic, a.

Defn: Aee under Force.

CATACAUSTIC
Cat`a*caus"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + caustic.] (Physics)

Defn: Relating to, or having the properties of, a caustic curve formed by reflection. See Caustic, a. Nichol.

CATACAUSTIC
Cat`a*caus"tic, n. (Physics)

Defn: A caustic curve formed by reflection of light. Nichol.

CATACHRESIS
Cat`a*chre"sis, n. Etym: [L. fr. Gr. (Rhel.)

Defn: A figure by which one word is wrongly put for another, or by which a word is wrested from its true signification; as, "To take arms against a sea of troubles. " Shak. "Her voice was but the shadow of a sound." Young.

CATACHRESTIC; CATACHRESTICAL
Cat`a*chres"tic, Cat"a*chres"tic*al, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or in the manner of, a catachresis; wrested from
its natural sense or form; forced; far-fatched.
— Cat`a*chres"tic*al*ly, adv.
[A] catachrestical and improper way of speaking. Jer. Taylor.

CATACLASM
Cat"a*clasm, n. [Gr. ; down + to break.]

Defn: A breaking asunder; disruption.

CATACLYSM
Cat"a*clysm, n. Etym: [L. cataclysmos, Gr. cataclysme.]

1. An extensive overflow or sweeping flood of water; a deluge.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Any violent catastrophe, involving sudden and extensive changes of the earth's surface.

CATACLYSMAL; CATACLYSMIC
Cat`a*clys"mal, Cat"a*clys"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cataclysm.

CATACLYSMIST
Cat`a*clys"mist, n.

Defn: One who believes that the most important geological phenomena have been produced by cataclysms.

CATACOMB
Cat"a*comb, n. Etym: [It. catacomba, fr. L. catacumba perh. from Gr.

Defn: A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place of large extent used for the burial of the dead; — commonly in the plural.

Note: The terms is supposed to have been applied originally to the tombs under the church of St. Sebastain in Rome. The most celebrated catacombs are those near Rome, on the Appian Way, supposed to have been the place or refuge and interment of the early Chrictians; those of Egypt, extending for a wide distance in the vicinity of Cairo; and those of Paris, in abandoned stone quarries, excavated under a large portion of the city.

CATACOUSTIC Cat`a*cous"tic, n. Etym: [Pref. cata _ acoustics: cf. F. caraconstique.] (Physics)

Defn: That part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or echoes See Acoustics. Hutton.

CATACROTIC
Cat`a*crot"ic, a. [Cata- + Gr. a beating.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Designating, pertaining to, or characterized by, that form of pulse tracing, or sphygmogram, in which the descending portion of the curve is marked by secondary elevations due to two or more expansions of the artery in the same beat. — Ca*tac"rotism (#), n.

CATADICROTISM
Cat`a*di"cro*tism, n. [Cata-+ dicrotism.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Quality or state of being catacrotic. — Cat`a*di*crot"ic (#), a.

CATADIOPTRIC; CATADIOPTRICAL Cat`a*di*op"tric, Cat`a*di*op"tric*al, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + dioptric: cf. F. catadioptrique.] (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or involving, both the reflection and refraction of light; as, a catadioptric light. Hutton.

CATADIOPTRICS
Cat`a*di*op"trics, n.

Defn: The science which treats of catadioptric phenomena, or of the used of catadioptric instruments.

CATADROME
Cat"a*drome, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A race course.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A machine for raising or lowering heavy weights.

CATADROMOUS
Ca*tad"ro*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the lowest inferior segment of a pinna nearer the rachis than the lowest superior one; — said of a mode of branching in ferns, and opposed to anadromous.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living in fresh water, and going to the sea to spawn; — opposed to anadromous, and of the eel.

CATAFALCO
Cat`a*fal"co, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: See Catafalque.

CATAFALQUE
Cat"a*falque`, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. catafalco, scaffold, funeral
canopy; of uncertain origin; cf. Sp. catafalso, cadahalso, cadalso,
Pr. casafalc, OF. chafaut. Cf. Scaffold.]

Defn: A temporary structure sometimes used in the funeral solemnities of eminent persons, for the public exhibition of the remains, or their conveyance to the place of burial.

CATAGMATIC
Cat`*ag*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. catagmatique.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the quality of consolidating broken bones.

CATAIAN
Ca*ta"ian, n.

Defn: A native of Cathay or China; a foreigner; — formerly a term of reproach. Shak.

CATALAN
Cat"a*lan, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Catalonia.
— n.

Defn: A native or inbabitant of Catalonia; also, the language of Catalonia. Catalan furnace, Catalan forge (Metal.), a kind of furnace for producing wrought iron directly from the ore. It was formerly much used, esp. in Catalonia, and is still used in some parts of the United States and elsewhere.

CATALECTIC
Cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. catalecticus, Gr.

1. (Pros.)

Defn: Wanting a syllable at the end, or terminating in an imperfect foot; as, a catalectic verse.

2. (Photog. & Chem.)

Defn: Incomplete; partial; not affecting the whole of a substance.
Abney.

CATALEPSY; CATALEPSIS
Cat"a*lep`sy, Cat`a*lep"sis, n. Etym: [NL. catalepsis, fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A sudden suspension of sensation and volition, the body and limbs preserving the position that may be given them, while the action of the heart and lungs continues.

CATALEPTIC
Cat`a*lep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, catalepsy; affected with catalepsy; as, a cataleptic fit.

CATALLACTA
Cat`al*lac"ta, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Catallactics.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Protozoa, of which Magosphæra is the type. They exist both in a myxopod state, with branched pseudopodia, and in the form of ciliated bodies united in free, spherical colonies.

CATALLACTICS
Cat`al*lac"tics n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of exchanges, a branch of political economy.

CATALOG
Cat"a*log, n. & v.

Defn: Catalogue.

CATALOGIZE
Cat"a*lo*gize, v. t.

Defn: To insert in a catalogue; to register; to catalogue. [R.]
Coles.

CATALOGUE
Cat"a*logue, n. Etym: [F., fr. catalogus, fr. Gr.

Defn: A list or enumeration of names, or articles arranged methodically, often in alphabetical order; as, a catalogue of the students of a college, or of books, or of the stars. Card catalogue, a catalogue, as of books, having each item entered on a separate card, and the cards arranged in cases by subjects, or authors, or alphabetically. — Catalogue raisonné Etym: [F.], a catalogue of books, etc., classed according to their subjects. Syn. — List; roll; index; schedule; enumeration; inventory. See List.

CATALOGUE
Cat"a*logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catalogued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cataloguing.]

Defn: To make a list or catalogue; to insert in a catalogue.

CATALOGUER
Cat"a*log`uer, n.

Defn: A maker of catalogues; esp. one skilled in the making of catalogues.

CATALPA Ca*tal"pa, n. Etym: [From the language of the Indians of Carolina, where Catesby discovered this tree in the year 1726.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American and East Indian trees, of which the best know species are the Catalpa bignonioides, a large, ornamental North American tree, with spotted white flowers and long cylindrical pods, and the C. speciosa, of the Mississipi valley; — called also Indian bean.

CATALYSIS
Ca*tal"y*sis, n.; pl. Catalyse. Etym: [ML., fr. Gr.

1. Dissolution; degeneration; decay. [R.] Sad catalysis and declension of piety. Evelyn.

2. (Chem.) (a) A process by which reaction occurs in the presence of certain agents which were formerly believed to exert an influence by mere contact. It is now believed that such reactions are attended with the formation of an intermediate compound or compounds, so that by alternate composition and decomposition the agent is apparenty left unchanged; as, the catalysis of making ether from alcohol by means of sulphuric acid; or catalysis in the action of soluble ferments (as diastase, or ptyalin) on starch. (b) The catalytic force.

CATALYTIC
Cat`a*ly"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or causing, catalysis. "The catalytic power is ill understood." Ure. Catalytic force, that form of chemical energy formerly supposed to determine catalysis.

CATALYTIC
Cat`a*lyt"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An agent employed in catalysis, as platinum black, aluminium chloride, etc.

CATAMARAN
Cat`a*ma*ran", n. Etym: [The native East Indian name.]

1. A kind of raft or float, consisting of two or more logs or pieces of wood lashed together, and moved by paddles or sail; — used as a surf boat and for other purposes on the coasts of the East and West Indies and South America. Modified forms are much used in the lumber regions of North America, and at life-saving stations.

2. Any vessel with twin hulls, whether propelled by sails or by steam; esp., one of a class of double-hulled pleasure boats remarkable for speed.

3. A kind of fire raft or torpedo bat. The incendiary rafts prepared by Sir Sidney Smith for destroying the French flotilla at Boulogne, 1804, were called catamarans. Knight.

4. A quarrelsome woman; a scold. [Colloq.]

CATAMENIA
Cat`a*me"nia, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The monthly courses of women; menstrual discharges; menses.

CATAMENIAL
Cat`a*me"ni*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the catamenia, or menstrual discharges.

CATAMITE
Cat"a*mite, n. Etym: [L. Catamitus, an old form of Ganymedes
Ganymede, Gr.

Defn: A boy kept for unnatural purposes.

CATAMOUNT Cat"a*mount, n. Etym: [Cat + mount; cf. Sp. gato mentes mountain cat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cougar. Applied also, in some parts of the United States, to the lynx.

CATANADROMOUS
Cat"a*nad`ro*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ascending and descending fresh streams from and to the sea, as the salmon; anadromous. [R.]

CATAPASM
Cat"a*pasm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A compound medicinal powder, used by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, to absorb perspiration, etc. Dunglison.

CATAPELTIC
Cat`a*pel"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a catapult.

CATAPETALOUS
Cat`a*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + petalous.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals held together by stamens, which grow to their bases, as in the mallow.

CATAPHONIC
Cat`a*phon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to cataphonics; catacoustic.

CATAPHONICS
Cat`a*phon"ics, n. Etym: [Pref. cata + phonic: cf. F. cataphonique.]
(Physics)

Defn: That branch of acoustics which treats of reflested sounds; catacoustics.

CATAPHRACT
Cat"a*phract, n. Etym: [L. cataphractes, Gr.

1. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: Defensive armor used for the whole body and often for the horse, also, esp. the linked mail or scale armor of some eastern nations.

2. A horseman covered with a cataphract. Archers and slingers, cataphracts, and spears. Milton.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The armor or plate covering some fishes.

CATAPHRACTED
Cat"a*phract`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with a cataphract, or armor of plates, scales, etc.; or with that which corresponds to this, as horny or bony plates, hard, callous skin, etc.

CATAPHRACTIC
Cat`a*phrac"tic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a cataphract.

CATAPHYSICAL
Cat`a*phys"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. cata + physical.]

Defn: Unnatural; contrary to nature. [R.] Some artists . . . have given to Sir Walter Scott a pile of forehead which is unpleassing and cataphysical. De Quincey.

CATAPLASM
Cat"a*plasm, n. Etym: [L. cataplasma, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A soft and moist substance applied externally to some part of the body; a poultice. Dunglison.

CATAPLEXY
Cat"a*plex`y, n. [Gr. amazement: cf. Apoplexy.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition caused by an overwhelming shock or extreme fear and marked by rigidity of the muscles. — Cat`a*plec"tic (#), a.

CATAPUCE
Cat"a*puce, n. Etym: [F.] (Bot.)

Defn: Spurge. [Obs.]

CATAPULT
Cat"a*pult, n. Etym: [L. catapulta, Gr.

1. (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: An engine somewhat resembling a massive crossbow, used by the ancient Greeks and Romans for throwing stones, arrows, spears, etc.

2. A forked stick with elasti band for throwing small stones, etc.

CATARACT
Cat"a*ract, n. Etym: [L. cataracta, catarracles, a waterfall, Gr.

1. A great fall of water over a precipice; a large waterfall.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: An opacity of the crystalline lens, or of its capsule, which prevents the passage of the rays of light and impairs or destroys the sight.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of hydraulic brake for regulating the action of pumping engines and other machines; — sometimes called dashpot.

CATARACTOUS
Cat`a*rac"tous, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a cataract in the eye; affected with cataract.

CATARRH
Ca*tarrh", n. Etym: [L. catarrhus, Gr. Stream.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammatory affection of any mucous membrane, in which there are congestion, swelling, and an altertion in the quantity and quality of mucus secreted; as catarrh of the stomach; catarrh of the bladder.

Note: In America, the term catarrh is applied especially to a chronic inflammation of, and hypersecretion fron, the membranes of the nose or air passages; in England, to an acute influenza, resulting a cold, and attended with cough, thirst, lassitude, and watery eyes; also, to the cold itself.

CATARRHAL
Ca*tarrh"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, produced by, or attending, catarrh; of the nature of catarrh.

CATARRHINE
Cat"ar*rhine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Catarrhina, a division of Quadrumana, including the Old World monkeys and apes which have the nostrils close together and turned downward. See Monkey.

CATARRHOUS
Ca*tarrh"ous, a.

Defn: Catarrhal. [R.]

CATASTALTIC
Cat`a*stal"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Checking evacutions through astringent or styptic qualities.

CATASTASIS
Ca*tas"ta*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Rhet.)

Defn: That part of a speech, usually the exordium, in which the orator sets forth the subject matter to be discussed.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The state, or condition of anything; constitution; habit of body.

CATASTERISM
Ca*tas"ter*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A placing among the stars; a catalogue of stars.
The catasterisms of Eratosthenes. Whewell.

CATASTROPHE
Ca*tas"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L. catastropha, Gr.

1. An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things; a final event, usually of a calamitous or disastrous nature; hence, sudden calamity; great misfortune. The strange catastrophe of affairs now at London. Bp. Buret. The most horrible and portentous catastrophe that nature ever yet saw. Woodward.

2. The final event in a romance or a dramatic piece; a denouement, as a death in a tragedy, or a marriage in a comedy.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A violent and widely extended change in the surface of the earth, as, an elevation or subsidence of some part of it, effected by internal causes. Whewell.

CATASTROPHIC
Cat`a*stroph"ic, a.

Defn: Of a pertaining to a catastrophe. B. Powell.

CATASTROPHISM
Ca*tas"tro*phism, n. (Geol.)

Defn: The doctrine that the geological changes in the earth's crust have been caused by the sudden action of violent physical causes; — opposed to the doctrine of uniformism.

CATASTROPHIST
Ca*tas"tro*phist, n. (Geol.)

Defn: One who holds the theory or catastrophism.

CATAWBA
Ca*taw"ba, n.

1. A well known light red variety of American grape.

2. A light-colored, sprightly American wine from the Catawba grape.

CATAWBAS
Ca*taw"bas, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Catawba. (Ethnol.) An appalachian tribe of Indians which originally inhabited the regions near the Catawba river and the head waters of the Santee.

CATBIRD
Cat"bird, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American bird (Galeoscoptes Carolinensis), allied to the mocking bird, and like it capable of imitating the notes of other birds, but less perfectly. Its note resembles at times the mewing of a cat.

CATBOAT
Cat"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small sailboat, with a single mast placed as far forward as possible, carring a sail extended by a graff and long boom. See Illustration in Appendix.

CATCALL
Cat"call`, n.

Defn: A sound like the cry of a cat, such as is made in playhouses to express dissatisfaction with a play; also, a small shrill instrument for making such a noise. Upon the rising of the curtain. I was very much surprised with the great consort of catcalls which was exhibited. Addison.

CATCH Catch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caught or Catched (; p. pr. & vb. n. Catching. Catched is rarely used.] Etym: [OE. cacchen, OF. cachier, dialectic form of chacier to hunt, F. chasser, fr. (assumend) LL. captiare, for L. capture, V. intens. of capere to take, catch. See Capacious, and cf. Chase, Case a box.]

1. To lay hold on; to seize, especially with the hand; to grasp (anything) in motion, with the effect of holding; as, to catch a ball.

2. To seize after pursuing; to arrest; as, to catch a thief. "They pursued . . . and caught him." Judg. i. 6.

3. To take captive, as in a snare or net, or on a hook; as, to catch a bird or fish.

4. Hence: To insnare; to entangle. "To catch him in his words". Mark xii. 13.

5. To seize with the senses or the mind; to apprehend; as, to catch a melody. "Fiery thoughts . . . whereof I catch the issue." Tennyson.

6. To communicate to; to fasten upon; as, the fire caught the adjoining building.

7. To engage and attach; to please; to charm. The soothing arts that catch the fair. Dryden.

8. To get possession of; to attain. Torment myself to catch the English throne. Shak.

9. To take or receive; esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, infection, or exposure; as, to catch the spirit of an occasion; to catch the measles or smallpox; to catch cold; the house caught fire.

10. To come upon unexpectedly or by surprise; to find; as, to catch one in the act of stealing.

11. To reach in time; to come up with; as, to catch a train. To catch fire, to become inflamed or ignited. — to catch it to get a scolding or beating; to suffer punishment. [Colloq.] — To catch one's eye, to interrupt captiously while speaking. [Colloq.] "You catch me up so very short." Dickens. — To catch up, to snatch; to take up suddenly.

CATCH
Catch, v. i.

1. To attain possession. [Obs.] Have is have, however men do catch. Shak.

2. To be held or impeded by entanglement or a light obstruction; as, a kite catches in a tree; a door catches so as not to open.

3. To take hold; as, the bolt does not catch.

4. To spread by, or as by, infecting; to communicate. Does the sedition catch from man to man Addison. To catch at, to attempt to seize; to be egger to get or use. "[To] catch at all opportunities of subverting the state." Addison. — To catch up with, to come up with; to overtake.

CATCH
Catch, n.

1. Act of seizing; a grasp. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That by which anything is caught or temporarily fastened; as, the catch of a gate.

3. The posture of seizing; a state of preparation to lay hold of, or of watching he opportunity to seize; as, to lie on the catch. [Archaic] Addison. The common and the canon law . . . lie at catch, and wait advantages one againt another. T. Fuller.

4. That which is caught or taken; profit; gain; especially, the whole quantity caught or taken at one time; as, a good catch of fish. Hector shall have a great catch if he knock out either of your brains. Shak.

5. Something desirable to be caught, esp. a husband or wife in matrimony. [Colloq.] Marryat.

6. pl.

Defn: Passing opportunities seized; snatches.
It has been writ by catches with many intervals. Locke.

7. A slight remembrance; a trace. We retain a catch of those pretty stories. Glanvill.

8. (Mus.)

Defn: A humorous canon or round, so contrived that the singers catch up each other's words.

CATCHABLE
Catch"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being caught. [R.]

CATCH-BASIN
Catch"-ba`sin, n.

Defn: A cistern or vault at the point where a street gutter discharges into a sewer, to oatch bulky matters which would not pass readly throught the sewer. Knight.

CATCH CROP
Catch crop.

Defn: Any crop grown between the rows of another crop or intermediate between two crops in ordinary rotation in point of time. — Catch"- crop`ping, n.

Radishes . . . are often grown as a catch crop with other vegetables.
L. H. Bailey.

CATCHDRAIN
Catch"drain`, n.

Defn: A dich or drain along the side of a hill to catch the surface water; also, a ditch at the side of a canal to catch the surplus water.

CATCHER
Catch"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, catches.

2. (Baseball)

Defn: The player who stands behind the batsman to catch the ball.

CATCHFLY
Catch"fly, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with the joints of the stem, and sometimes other parts, covered with a viscid secretion to which small insects adhere. The species of Silene are examples of the catchfly.

CATCHING
Catch"ing a.

1. Infections; contagious.

2. Captavating; alluring.

CATCHING
Catch"ing, n.

Defn: The act of seizing or taking hold of Catching bargain (Law), a bargain made with an heir expectant for the purchase of his expectancy at an inadequate price. Bouvier.

CATCH-MEADOW
Catch"-mead`ow, n.

Defn: meadow irrigated by water from a spring or rivulet on the side of hill.

CATCHMENT
Catch"ment, n.

Defn: A surface of ground on which water may be caught and collected into a reservoir.

CATCHPENNY
Catch"pen*ny, a.

Defn: Made or contrived for getting small sums of money from the ignorant or unwary; as, a catchpenny book; a catchpenny show. — n.

Defn: Some worthless catchpenny thing.

CATCHPOLL
Catch"poll`, n. Etym: [OF. chacepol, chacipol.]

Defn: A bailiff's assistant.

CATCH TITLE
Catch title.

Defn: A short expressive title used for abbreviated book lists, etc.

CATCHUP; CATSUP Catch"up, Cat"sup, n. Etym: [Probably of East Indian origin, because it was originally a kind of East Indian pickles.]

Defn: A table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.
[Written also ketchup.]

CATCHWATER
Catch"wa`ter, n.

Defn: A ditch or drain for catching water. See Catchdrain.

CATCHWEED
Catch"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cleavers.

CATCHWEIGHT
Catch"weight`, adv. (Horseracing)

Defn: Without any additional weight; without being handicapped; as, to ride catchweight.

CATCHWORD
Catch"word`, n.

1. Among theatrical performers, the last word of the preceding speaker, which reminds one that he is to speak next; cue.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The first word of any page of a book after the first, inserted at the right hand bottom corner of the preceding page for the assistance of the reader. It is seldom used in modern printing.

3. A word or phrase caught up and repeated for effect; as, the catchword of a political party, etc.

CATCHWORK
Catch"work`, n.

Defn: A work or artificial watercourse for throwing water on lands that lie on the slopes of hills; a catchdrain.

CATCHY
Catch"y, a.

1. Apt or tending to catch the fancy or attention; catching; taking; as, catchy music.

2. Tending to catch or insnare; entangling; — usually used fig.; as, a catchy question.

3. Consisting of, or occuring in, disconnected parts or snatches; changeable; as, a catchy wind.

It [the fox's scent] is . . . flighty or catchy, if variable.
Encyc. of Sport.

CATE
Cate, n.

Defn: Food. [Obs.] See Cates.

CATECHETIC; CATECHETICAL
Cat`e*chet"ic, Cat`e*chet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Catechise.]

Defn: Relating to or consisting in, asking questions and receiving answers, according to the ancient manner of teaching. Socrates introduced a catechetical method of arguing. Addison.

CATECHETICALLY
Cat`e*chet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a catechetical manner; by question and answer.

CATECHETICS
Cat`e*chet"ics, n.

Defn: The science or practice of instructing by questions and answers.

CATECHIN
Cat"e*chin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the tannic acids, extracted from catechu as a white, crystaline substance; — called also catechuic acid, and catechuin.

CATECHISATION
Cat`e*chi*sa"tion, n. Etym: [LL. catechizatio.]

Defn: The act of catechising.

CATECHISE
Cat"e*chise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catechised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catechising.] Etym: [L. catechizare, Gr.

1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving answeres, and offering explanations and corrections, — esp. in regard to points of religious faith.

2. To question or interrogate; to examine or try by questions; — sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting from a person answers which condemn his own conduct. Swift.

CATECHISER
Cat"e*chi`ser, n.

Defn: One who catechises.

CATECHISM
Cat"e*chism, n. Etym: [L. catechismus, fr. Gr. See Catechise.]

1. A form of instruction by means of questions answers.

2. A book containing a summary of principles, especially of religious doctrine, reduced to the form of questions and answers. The Jews, even till this day, have their catechisms. Hooker. The Larger Catechism, The Shorter Catechism. See Westminster Assembly, under Assembly.

CATECHISMAL
Cat`e*chis"mal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a catechism, having the form of questions and answers; catechical.

CATECHIST
Cat"e*chist, n. Etym: [L. catechista, fr. Gr.]

Defn: One who instructs by question and answer, especially in religions matters.

CATECHISTIC; CATECHISTICAL
Cat`e*chis"tic, Cat`e*chis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a catechist or to a catechism. Dr. H. More.

CATECHIZE
Cat"e*chize, v. t.

Defn: See Catechise.

CATECHU
Cat"e*chu, n. Etym: [See Cashoo.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dry, brown, astringent extract, obtained by decoction and evaporation from the Acacia catechu, and several other plants growing in India. It contains a large portion of tannin or tannic acid, and is used in medicine and in the arts. It is also known by the names terra japonica, cutch, gambier, etc. Ure. Dunglison.

CATECHUIC
Cat`e*chu"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to catechu or its derivatives. See catechin.

CATECHUMEN
Cat"e*chu`men, n. Etym: [L. catechunenus, Gr. Catechise.] (Eccl.)

Defn: One who is receiving rudimentary instruction in the doctrines of Christianity; a neophyte; in the primitive church, one officially recognized as a Christian, and admitted to instruction preliminary to admission to full membership in the church.

CATECHUMENATE
Cat`e*chu"men*ate, n.

Defn: The state or condition of a catechumen or the time during which one is a catechumen.

CATECHUMENICAL
Cat`e*chu*men"i*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to catechumens; as, catechumenical instructions.

CATECHUMENIST
Cat`e*chu"men*ist, n.

Defn: A catechumen. Bp. Morton.

CATEGOREMATIC
Cat`e*gor`e*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Category.] (Logic.)

Defn: Capable of being employed by itself as a term; — said of a word.

CATEGORICAL
Cat`e*gor"ic*al, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a category.

2. Not hypothetical or relative; admitting no conditions or exceptions; declarative; absolute; positive; express; as, a categorical proposition, or answer. The scriptures by a multitude of categorical and intelligible decisions . . . distinguish between the things seen and temporal and those that are unseen and eternal. I. Taylor.

CATEGORICALLY
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Absolutely; directly; expressly; positively; as, to affirm categorically.

CATEGORICALNESS
Cat`e*gor"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being categorical, positive, or absolute. A.
Marvell.

CATEGORIST
Cat"e*go*rist, n.

Defn: One who inserts in a category or list; one who classifies.
Emerson.

CATEGORIZE
Cat"e*go*rize, v. t.

Defn: To insert in a category or list; to class; to catalogue.

CATEGORY
Cat"e*go*ry, n.; pl. Categories Etym: [L. categoria, Gr.

1. (Logic.)

Defn: One of the highest classes to which the objects of knowledge or thought can be reduced, and by which they can be arranged in a system; an ultimate or undecomposable conception; a predicament. The categories or predicaments — the former a Greek word, the latter its literal translation in the Latin language — were intended by Aristotle and his followers as an enumeration of all things capable of being named; an enumeration by the summa genera i.e., the most extensive classes into which things could be distributed. J. S. Mill.

2. Class; also, state, condition, or predicament; as, we are both in the same category. There is in modern literature a whole class of writers standing within the same category. De Quincey.

CATEL
Cat"el, n. Etym: [See Chattel.]

Defn: Property; — often used by Chaucer in contrast with rent, or
income.
"For loss of catel may recovered be, But loss of tyme shendeth us,"
quod he. Chaucer.

CATELECTRODE
Cat`e*lec"trode, n. Etym: [Pref. cata + elecrode.] (Physics)

Defn: The negative electrode or pole of a voltaic battery. Faraday.

CATELECTROTONIC
Cat`e*lec`tro*ton"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Relating to, or characterized by, catelectrotonus.

CATELECTROTONUS
Cat`e*lec*trot"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Electro-) + (Physics)

Defn: The condition of increased irritability of a nerve in the region of the cathode or negative electrode, on the passage of a current of electricity through it.

CATENA
Ca*te"na, n.; pl. Catene. Etym: [L., a chain.]

Defn: A chain or series of things connected with each other.
I have . . . in no case sought to construct those catenæ of games,
which it seems now the fashion of commentators to link together. C.
J. Ellicott.

CATENARY; CATENARIAN Cat"e*na*ry, Cat`e*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. catenarius, fr. catena a chain. See Chain.]

Defn: Relating to a chain; like a chain; as, a catenary curve.

CATENARY
Cat"e*na*ry, n.; pl. Catenaries (. (Geol.)

Defn: The curve formed by a rope or chain of uniform density and perfect flexibility, hanging freely between two points of suspension, not in the same vertical line.

CATENATE
Cat"e*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catenated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catenating.] Etym: [L. catenatus, p. p. of catenare, fr. catena
chain. See Chain.]

Defn: To connect, in a series of links or ties; to chain. E. Darwin.

CATENATION
Cat`e*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. catenatio.]

Defn: Connection of links or union of parts, as in a chain; a regular or connected series. See Concatenation. Sir T. Browne.

CATENULATE
Ca*ten"u*late, a. Etym: [L. catenuia, dim. of catena chain.]

1. Consisting of little links or chains.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Chainlike; — said both or color marks and of indentations when arranged like the links of a chain, as on shells, etc.

CATER Ca"ter, n. Etym: [OE. catour purchaser, caterer, OF. acator, fr. acater, F. acheter, to buy, provide, fr. LL. accaptare; L. ad + captare to strive, to seize, intens, of capere to take, seize. Cf. Acater, Capacious.]

Defn: A provider; a purveyor; a caterer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CATER
Ca"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Catered; p. pr. & vb. n. Catering.] Etym:
[From Cater, n.]

1. To provide food; to buy, procure, or prepare provisions. [He] providently caters for the sparrow. Shak.

2. By extension: To supply what is needed or desired, at theatrical or musical entertainments; — followed by for or to.

CATER
Ca"ter, n. Etym: [F. quatre four.]

Defn: The four of cards or dice.

CATER
Ca"ter, v. t.

Defn: To cut diagonally. [Obs.] Halliwell.

CATERAN
Cat"e*ran, n. Etym: [Gael. ceatharnach. Cf. Kern Irish foot soldier.]

Defn: A Highland robber: a kind of irregular soldier. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

CATER-CORNERED
Ca"ter-cor"nered, a. Etym: [Cf. Cater to cut diagonally.]

Defn: Diagonal. [Colloq.]

CATER-COUSIN
Ca"ter-cous`in, n.

Defn: A remote relation. See Quater-cousin. Shak.

CATERER
Ca"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who caters.
The little fowls in the air have God for Their provider and caterer.
Shelton.

CATERESS
Ca"ter*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who caters. Milton.

CATERPILLAR Cat"er*pil`lar, n. Etym: [OE. catyrpel, corrupted fr. OF. chatepelouse, or cate pelue, fr. chate, F. chatte, she-cat, fem. of chat, L. catus + L. pilosus hairy, or F. pelu hairy, fr. L. pilus hair. See Cat, and Pile hair.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval state of a butterfly or any lepidopterous insect; sometimes, but less commonly, the larval state of other insects, as the sawflies, which are also called false caterpillars. The true caterpillars have three pairs of true legs, and several pairs of abdominal fleshy legs (prolegs) armed with hooks. Some are hairy, others naked. They usually feed on leaves, fruit, and succulent vegetables, being often very destructive, Many of them are popularly called worms, as the cutworm, cankerworm, army worm, cotton worm, silkworm.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Scorpiurus, with pods resembling caterpillars. Caterpillar catcher, or Caterpillar eater (Zoöl.), a bird belonging to the family of Shrikes, which feeds on caterpillars. The name is also given to several other birds. — Caterpillar hunter (Zoöl.), any species of beetles of the genus Callosoma and other allied genera of the family Carabidæ which feed habitually upon caterpillars.

CATERWAUL
Cat"er*waul, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caterwauled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caterwauling.] Etym: [Cat + waul, wawl, to cry as a cat.]

Defn: To cry as cats in rutting time; to make a harsh, offensive noise. Coleridge.

CATERWAUL
Cat"er*waul, n.

Defn: A caterwauling.

CATERWAULING
Cat"er*waul`ing, n.

Defn: The cry of cats; a harsh, disagreeable noise or cry like the cry of cats. Shak.

CATERY
Ca"ter*y, n. Etym: [See Cater, n.]

Defn: The place where provisions are deposited. [Obs.]

CATES
Cates, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Acates, and see Cater, n.]

Defn: Provisions; food; viands; especially, luxurious food;
delicacies; dainties. Shak.
Cates for which Apicius could not pay. Shurchill.
Choicest cates and the fiagon's best spilth. R. Browning.

CAT-EYED
Cat"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes like a cat; hence, able to see in the dark.

CATFALL
Cat"fall`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope used in hoisting the anchor to the cathead. Totten.

CATFISH
Cat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given in the United States to various species of siluroid fishes; as, the yellow cat (Amiurus natalis); the bind cat (Gronias nigrilabrus); the mud cat (Pilodictic oilwaris), the stone cat (Noturus flavus); the sea cat (Arius felis), etc. This name is also sometimes applied to the wolf fish. See Bullhrad.

CATGUT
Cat"gut`, n. Etym: [Cat + gut.]

1. A cord of great toughness made from the intestines of animals, esp. of sheep, used for strings of musical instruments, etc.

2. A sort of linen or canvas, with wide interstices.

CATHARINE WHEEL
Cath"a*rine wheel`.

Defn: See catherine wheel.

CATHARIST
Cath"a*rist, n. Etym: [LL. catharista, fr. Gr.

Defn: One aiming at or pretending to a greater purity of like than others about him; — applied to persons of various sects. See Albigenses.

CAT-HARPIN
Cat"-harp`in, n.

Defn: See Cat-harping.

CAT-HARPING
Cat"-harp`ing n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the short ropes or iron cramps used to brace in the shrouds toward the masts so a to give freer sweep to the yards.

CATHARSIS
Ca*thar"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cathartic.] (Med.)

Defn: A natural or artificial purgation of any passage, as of the mouth, bowels, etc.

CATHARTIC; CATHARICAL
Ca*thar"tic, Ca*thar"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. chaste.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Cleansing the bowels; promoting evacuations by stool; purgative.

2. Of or pertaining to the purgative principle of senna, as cathartic acid.

CATHARTIC
Ca*thar"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that promotes alvine discharges; a purge; a purgative of moderate activity.

Note: The cathartics are more energetic and certain in action that the laxatives, which simply increase the tendency to alvine evacuation; and less powerful and irritaint that the drastic purges, which cause profuse, repeated, and watery evacuations. — Ca*thar"tic*al*ly, adv. — Ca*thar"tic*al*ness, n.

CATHARTIN ca*thar"tin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The bitter, purgative principle of senna. It is a glucoside with the properties of a weak acid; — called also cathartic acid, and cathartina.

CATHAY
Ca*thay", n.

Defn: China; — an old name for the Celestial Empire, said have been introduced by Marco Polo and to be a corruption of the Tartar name for North China (Khitai, the country of the Khitans.) Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay. Tennyson.

CATHEAD
Cat"head`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A projecting piece of timber or iron near the bow of vessel, to which the anchor is hoisted and secured.

CATHEDRA
Cath"e*dra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Chair.]

Defn: The official chair or throne of a bishop, or of any person in high authority. Ex cathedra Etym: [L., from the chair], in the exercise of one's office; with authority. The Vatican Council declares that the Pope, is infallible "when he speaks ex cathedra." Addis & Arnold's Cath. Dict.

CATHEDRAL Ca*the"dral, n. Etym: [LL. cathedralis (sc. ecclesia): cf. F. cathédrale. See Cathedra.]

Defn: The principal church in a diocese, so called because in it the bishop has his official chair (Cathedra) or throne.

CATHEDRAL
Ca*the"dral, a. Etym: [LL. cathedralis: cf. F. cathédral.]

1. Pertaining to the head church of a diocese; as, a cathedral church; cathedral service.

2. Emanating from the chair of office, as of a pope or bishop; official; authoritative. Now, what solemnity can be more required for the pope to make a cathedral determination of an article! Jer. Taylor.

3. Resembling the aisles of a cathedral; as, cathedral walks. Pope.

CATHEDRALIC
Cath`e*dral"ic, a.

Defn: Cathedral. [R.]

CATHEDRATED
Cath`e*dra"ted, a. Etym: [From Cathedra.]

Defn: Relating to the chair or office of a teacher. [Obs.]

CATHERETIC
Cath`e*ret"ic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A mild kind caustic used to reduce warts and other excrescences. Dunglison.

CATHERINE WHEEL
Cath"er*ine wheel`. Etym: [So called from St. Catherine of
Alexandria, who is represented with a wheel, in allusion to her
martyrdom.]

1. (Geoth.Arth.)

Defn: Same as Rose window and Wheel window. Called also Catherine- wheel window.

2. (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A revolving piece of fireworks resembling in form the window of the same name. [Written also Catharine wheel.]

CATHETER
Cath"e*ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The name of various instruments for passing along mucous canals, esp. applied to a tubular instrument to be introduced into the bladder through the urethra to draw off the urine. Eustachian catheter. See under Eustachian. — Prostatic catheter, one adapted for passing an enlarged prostate.

CATHETERISM; CATHETERIZATION
Cath"e*ter*ism, Cath`e*ter*i*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of introducing a catheter.

CATHETERIZE
Cath"e*ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Catheterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Catheterizing.] (Med.)

Defn: To operate on with a catheter. Dunglison.

CATHETOMETER
Cath`e*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [From Gr. -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for the accurate measurement of small differences of height; esp. of the differences in the height of the upper surfaces of two columns of mercury or other fluid, or of the same column at different times. It consists of a telescopic leveling apparatus (d), which slides up or down a perpendicular metallic standard very finely graduated (bb). The telescope is raised or depressed in order to sight the objects or surfaces, and the differences in vertical height are thus shown on the graduated standard. [Written also kathetometer.]

CATHETUS
Cath"e*tus, n.; pl. catheti. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Catheter.] (Geom.)

Defn: One line or radius falling perpendicularly on another; as, the catheti of a right-angled triangle, that is, the two sides that include the right angle. Barlow.

CATHODE
Cath"ode, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: The part of a voltaic battery by which the electric current leaves substances through which it passes, or the surface at which the electric current passes out of the electrolyte; the negative pole; — opposed to anode. Faraday. Cathode ray (Phys.), a kind of ray generated at the cathode in a vacuum tube, by the electrical discharge.

CATHODIC
Ca*thod"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to the centrifugal, or efferent course of the nervous infuence. Marshall Hall.

CATHODOGRAPH; CATHODEGRAPH
Ca*thod"o*graph, n. Also Ca*thod"e*graph. [Cathode + -graph.]
(Physics)

Defn: A picture produced by the Röntgen rays; a radiograph.

CAT-HOLE
Cat"-hole`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of two small holes astern, above the gunroom ports, through which hawsers may be passed.

CATHOLIC
Cath"o*lic, a. Etym: [L. catholicus, Gr. solid: cf. F. catholique.]

1. Universal or general; as, the catholic faith. Men of other countries [came] to bear their part in so great and catholic a war. Southey.

Note: This epithet, which is applicable to the whole Christian church, or its faith, is claimed by Roman Catholics to belong especially to their church, and in popular usage is so limited.

2. Not narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; as, catholic tastes.

3. Of or pertaining to, or affecting the Roman Catholics; as, the Catholic emancipation act. Catholic epistles, the espistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church; being those of James, Peter, Jude, and John.

CATHOLIC
Cath"o*lic, n.

1. A person who accepts the creeds which are received in common by all parts of the orthodox Christian church.

2. An adherent of the Roman Catholic church; a Roman Catholic. Old Catholic, the name assumed in 1870 by members of the Roman Catholic church, who denied the ecumenical character of the Vatican Council, and Rejected its decrees, esp. that concerning the infallibility of the pope, as contrary to the ancient Catholic faith.

CATHOLICAL
Ca*thol"i*cal, a.

Defn: Catholic. [Obs.]

CATHOLICISM
Ca*thol"i*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. catholicisme.]

1. The state or quality of being catholic or universal; catholicity. Jer. Taylor.

2. Liberality of sentiment; breadth of view.

3. The faith of the whole orthodox Christian church, or adherence thereto.

4. The doctrines or faith of the Roman Catholic church, or adherence thereto.

CATHOLICITY
Cath`o*lic"i*ty, n.

1. The state or quality of being catholic; universality.

2. Liberality of sentiments; catholicism.

3. Adherence or conformity to the system of doctrine held by all parts of the orthodox Christian church; the doctrine so held; orthodoxy.

4. Adherence to the doctrines of the church of Rome, or the doctrines themselves.

CATHOLICIZE
Ca*thol"i*cize, v. t. & i.

Defn: To make or to become catholic or Roman Catholic.

CATHOLICLY
Cath"o*lic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a catholic manner; generally; universally. Sir L. Cary.

CATHOLICNESS
Cath"o*lic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being catholic; universality; catholicity.

CATHOLICON
Ca*thol"i*con, n. Etym: [Gr. Catholic.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy for all diseases; a panacea.

CATHOLICOS
Ca*thol"i*cos, n. Etym: [NL. See Catholic.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The spiritual head of the Armenian church, who resides at
Etchmiadzin, Russia, and has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over, and
consecrates the holy oil for, the Armenians of Russia, Turkey, and
Persia, including the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Jerusalem, and
Sis.

Note: The Patriarch of Constantinople is the civil head of the
Armenians in Turkey.

CATILINARIAN
Cat`i*li*na"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Catilinarius.]

Defn: Pertaining to Catiline, the Roman conspirator; resembling
Catiline's conspiracy.

CATION
Cat"i*on, n. Etym: [Gr. p. pr. of (Chem.)

Defn: An electro-positive substance, which in electro-decomposition is evolved at the cathode; — opposed to anion. Faraday.

CATKIN
Cat"kin, n. Etym: [Cat + -kin.] (Bot.)

Defn: An ament; a species of inflorescence, consisting of a slender axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar, and (as to the staminate flowers) in the chestnut, oak, hickory, etc. — so called from its resemblance to a cat's tail. See Illust. of Ament.

CATLIKE
Cat"like`, a.

Defn: Like a cat; stealthily; noiselessly.

CATLING
Cat"ling, n. Etym: [Cat + -ing.]

1. A little cat; a kitten. "Cat nor catling." Drummond.

2. Catgut; a catgut string. [R.] Shak.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: A double-edged, sharp-pointed dismembering knife. [Spelt also catlin.] Crobb.

CATLINITE
Cat"lin*ite, n. Etym: [From George Catlin, an American traveler.]

Defn: A red clay from the Upper Missouri region, used by the Indians for their pipes.

CATNIP; CATMINT
Cat"nip`, Cat"mint`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A well-know plant of the genus Nepeta (N. Cataria), somewhat like mint, having a string scent, and sometimes used in medicine. It is so called because cats have a peculiar fondness for it.

CATO-CATHARTIC
Cat`o-ca*thar"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. Cathartic.] (Med.)

Defn: A remedy that purges by alvine discharges.

CATONIAN
Ca*to"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Catonionus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the stern old Roman, Cato the
Censor; severe; inflexible.

CAT O' NINE TAILS
Cat" o' nine" tails`.

Defn: See under Cat.

CATOPRON
Ca*top"ron, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Catopter.

CATOPTER; CATOPTRON
Ca*top"ter, Ca*top"tron, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A reflecting optical glass or instrument; a mirror. [Obs.]

CATOPTRIC; CATOPTRICAL
Ca*top"tric, Ca*top"tric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. Catopter.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to catoptrics; produced by reflection. Catoptric light, a light in which the rays are concentrated by reflectors into a beam visible at a distance.

CATOPTRICS
Ca*top"trics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. catoptrique. See Catropric.] (Physics)

Defn: That part of optics which explants the properties and phenomena of reflected light, and particularly that which is reflected from mirrors or polished bodies; —- formerly caled anacamptics.

CATOPTROMANCY
Ca*top"tro*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy. See Catopter.] (Antiq.)

Defn: A species of divination, which was perforned by letting down a mirror into water, for a sick person to look at his face in it. If his countenance appeared distorted and ghastly, it was an ill omen; if fresh and healthy, it was favorable.

CATPIPE
Cat`pipe", n.

Defn: See Catcall.

CAT-RIGGED
Cat"-rigged`, a.

Defn: Rigged like a catboat.

CAT-SALT
Cat"-salt`, n.

Defn: A sort of salt, finely granulated, formed out of the bittern or leach brine.

CAT'S-EYE
Cat's"-eye`, n. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of quartz or chalcedony, exhibiting opalescent reflections from within, like the eye of a cat. The mane is given to other gems affording like effects, esp. the chrysoberyl.

CAT'S-FOOT
Cat's`-foot, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Nepeta Glechoma) of the same genus with catnip; ground ivy.

CAT-SILVER
Cat"-sil`ver, n.

Defn: Mica. [Archaic]

CATSKILL PERIOD
Cats"kill pe`ri*od. (Geol.)

Defn: The closing subdivision of the Devonian age in America. The rocks of this period are well developed in the Catskill mountains, and extend south and west under the Carboniferous formation. See the Diagram under Geology.

CATSO
Cat"so, n.; pl. Catsos. Etym: [It. cazzo.]

Defn: A base fellow; a rogue; a cheat. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CAT'S-PAW
Cat's"-paw`, n.

1. (Naut.) (a) A light transitory air which ruffles the surface of the water during a calm, or the ripples made by such a puff of air. (b) A particular hitch or turn in the bight of a rope, into which a tackle may be hooked.

2. A dupe; a tool; one who, or that which, is used by another as an instrument to a accomplish his purposes.

Note: In this sense the term refers to the fable of the monkey using the cat's paw to draw the roasting chestnuts out of the fire.

CAT'S-TAIL
Cat's"-tail, n.

Defn: See Timothy, Cat-tail, Cirrus.

CATSTICK
Cat"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick or club employed in the game of ball called cat or tipcat. Massinger.

CATSTITCH
Cat"stitch, v. t. (Needlework)

Defn: To fold and sew down the edge of with a coarse zigzag stitch.

CATSUP
Cat"sup, n.

Defn: Same as Catchup, and Ketchup.

CAT-TAIL
Cat"-tail, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall rush or flag (Typha latifolia) growing in marshes, with long, glat leaves, and having its flowers in a close cylindrical spike at the top of the stem. The leaves are frequently used for seating chairs, making mats, etc. See Catkin.

Note: The lesser cat-tail is Typha angustifolia.

CATTISH
Cat"tish, a.

Defn: Catlike; feline Drummond.

CATTLE Cat"tle, n. pl. Etym: [OE. calet, chatel, goods, property, OF. catel, chatel, LL. captale, capitale, goods, property, esp. cattle, fr. L. capitals relating to the head, chief; because in early ages beasts constituted the chief part of a man's property. See Capital, and cf. Chattel.]

Defn: Quadrupeds of the Bovine family; sometimes, also, including all domestic quadrupeds, as sheep, goats, horses, mules, asses, and swine. Belted cattle, Black cattle. See under Belted, Black. — Cattle guard, a trench under a railroad track and alongside a crossing (as of a public highway). It is intended to prevent cattle from getting upon the track. — cattle louse (Zoöl.), any species of louse infecting cattle. There are several species. The Hæmatatopinus eurysternus and H. vituli are common species which suck blood; Trichodectes scalaris eats the hair. — Cattle plague, the rinderpest; called also Russian cattle plague. — Cattle range, or Cattle run, an open space through which cattle may run or range. [U. S.] Bartlett. — Cattle show, an exhibition of domestic animals with prizes for the encouragement of stock breeding; — usually accompanied with the exhibition of other agricultural and domestic products and of implements.

CATTY
Cat"ty, n. Etym: [Malay kati. See Caddy.]

Defn: An East Indian Weight of 11/3 pounds.

CAUCASIAN
Cau*ca"sian, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Caucasus, a mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas.

2. Of or pertaining to the white races of mankind, of whom the people about Mount Caucasus were formerly taken as the type.

CAUCASIAN
Cau*ca"sian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus, esp. a Circassian or Georgian.

2. A member of any of the white races of mankind.

CAUCUS Cau"cus, n. Etym: [Etymology uncertain. Mr. J. H. Trumbull finds the origin of caucus in the N. A. Indian word cawcawwassough or caú cau- as'u one who urges or pushes on, a promoter. See citation for an early use of the word caucus.]

Defn: A meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party policy; a political primary meeting. This day learned that the caucus club meets, at certain times, in the garret of Tom Dawes, the adjutant of the Boston regiment. John Adams's Diary [Feb. , 1763].

CAUCUS
Cau"cus, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caucused; p. pr. & vb. n. Caucusing.]

Defn: To hold, or meet in, a caucus or caucuses.

CAUDAD
Cau"dad, adv. Etym: [L. cauda tail + ad to.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Backwards; toward the tail or posterior part.

CAUDA GALLI
Cau"da gal*li, (. Etym: [L., tail of a cock.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A plume-shaped fossil, supposed to be a seaweed, characteristic of the lower Devonian rocks; as, the cauda galli grit. Gauda galli epoch (Geol.), an epoch at the begining of the Devonian age in eastern America, so named from the characteristic gritty sandstone marked with impressions of cauda galli. See the Diagram under Geology.

CAUDAL
Cau"dal, a. Etym: [L. Cauda tail. Cf. Coward.]

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a tail; having a tail-like
appendage.
The male widow-bird, remarkable for his caudal plumes. Darwin.
Caudal fin (Zoöl.), the terminal fin (or "tail") of a fish.

CAUDATA
Cau*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cauda tail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Urodela.

CAUDATE; CAUDATED
Cau"date, Cau"da*ted. a. Etym: [L. cauda tail.]

Defn: Having a taill; having a termination like a tail.

CAUDEX
Cau"dex, n.; pl. L. Caudices, E. Caudexes. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: The sterm of a tree., esp. a sterm without a branch, as of a palm or a tree fern; also, the pernnial rootstock of an herbaceous plant.

CAUDICLE; CAUDICULA Cau"di*cle, Cau*dic"u*la, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. cauda tail, appendage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A slender, elastic process, to which the masses of pollen in orchidaceous plants are attached.

CAUDLE Cau"dle, n. Etym: [OF. caudel, F. chaudeau, dim. of LL calidum a sweet drink, fr. L. caidus warm. See Caldron.]

Defn: A kind of warm drink for sick persons, being a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and spices.

CAUDLE
Cau"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caudled; p. pr. & vb. n. Caudling.]

1. To make into caudle.

2. Too serve as a caudle to; to refresh. [R.] Shak.

CAUF Cauf, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to Celtic caff, cav, cau, L. cavus hollow, or to L. caphinus, Gr.

Defn: A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in water. Philips.

CAUFLE
Cau"fle, n.

Defn: A gung of slaves. Same as Coffle.

CAUGHT
Caught, imp. & p. p.

Defn: f Catch.

CAUK; CAUKER
Cauk, n., Cauk"er, n.

Defn: See Cawk, Calker.

CAUL Caul, n. Etym: [OE. calle, kelle, prob. fr. F. cale; cf. Ir. calla a veil.]

1. A covering of network for the head, worn by women; also, a net. Spenser.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The fold of membrane loaded with fat, which covers more or less of the intestines in mammals; the great omentum See Omentum. The caul serves for warming of the lower belly. Ray.

3. A part of the amnion, one of the membranes enveloping the fetus, which sometimes is round the head of a child at its birth. It is deemed lucky to be with a caul or membrane over the face. This caul is esteemed an infallible preservative against drowning . . . According to Chysostom, the midwives frequently sold it for magic uses. Grose. I was born with a caul, which was advertised for sale, in the newspapers, at the low price of fifteen guineas. Dickens.

CAULESCENT
Cau*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. caulis stalk, stem: cf. F. caulescent.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having a leafy stem.

CAULICLE
Cau"li*cle, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A short caulis or stem, esp. the rudimentary stem seen in the embryo of seed; — otherwise called a radicle.

CAULICULUS Cau*lic"u*lus, n.; pl. Cauliculi Etym: [L. caulculus little stalk, dim. of caulis.] (Arch.)

Defn: In the Corinthian capital, one of the eight stalks rising out of the lower leafage and terminating in leaves which seem to suport the volutes. See Illust. of Corinthian order, under Corinthian.

CAULIFLOWER Cau"li*flow`er, n. Etym: [F. choufleur, modified by E. Cole. L. caulis, and by E. flower; F. chou cabbage is fr. L. caulis stalk, cabbage, and fleur flower is fr. L. flos flower. See Cole, and Flower.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual variety of Brassica oleracea, or cabbage of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.

2. The edible head or "curd" of a caulifower plant.

CAULIFORM
Cau"li*form, a. Etym: [L. caulis + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a caulis.

CAULINE
Cau"line, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing immediately on a caulis; of or pertaining to a caulis.

CAULIS
Cau"lis, n.; L. pl. Caules. Etym: [L., a stem.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herbaceous or woody stem which bears leaves, and may bear flowers.

CAULK
Caulk, v. t. & n.

Defn: See Calk.

CAULOCARPOUS
Cau`lo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having stems which bear flowers and fruit year after year, as most trees and shrubs.

CAULOME
Cau"lome, n. [Gr. kalo`s stem + -ome as in rhizome.] (Bot.)

Defn: A stem structure or stem axis of a plant, viewed as a whole. —
Cau*lom"ic (#), a.

CAUMA
Cau"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Great heat, as of the body in fever.

CAUPONIZE Cau"po*nize, v. i. Etym: [L. cauponari, fr. caupo huckster, innkeeper.]

Defn: To sell wine or victuals. [Obs.] Warburfon.

CAUSABLE
Caus"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being caused.

CAUSAL
Caus"al, a. Etym: [L. causalis. See Cause.]

Defn: Relating to a cause or causes; inplying or containing a cause or causes; expressing a cause; causative. Causal propositions are where two propositions are joined by causal words. Watts.

CAUSAL
Caus"al, n.

Defn: A causal word or form of speech. Anglo-Saxon drencan to drench, causal of Anglo-Saxon drincan to drink. Skeat.

CAUSALITY
Cau*sal"i*ty, n.; pl. Causalities (.

1. The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect. The causality of the divine mind. Whewell.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty of tracing effects to their causes. G. Combe.

CAUSALLY
Caus"al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the order or series of causes; by tracing effects to causes.

CAUSALLY
Caus"al*ly, n. (Mining.)

Defn: The lighter, earthy parts of ore, carried off washing.

CAUSATION
Cau*sa"tion, n.

Defn: The act of causing; also the act or agency by which an effect is produced. The kind of causation by which vision is produced. Whewell. Law of universal causation, the theoretical or asserted law that every event or phenomenon results from, or is the sequel of, some previous event or phenomenon, which being present, the other is certain to take place.

CAUSATIONIST
Cau*sa"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the law of universal causation.

CAUSATIVE Caus"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. causativus pertaining to a lawsuit (causa), but in the English sense from E. cause.]

1. Effective, as a cause or agent; causing. Causative in nature of a number of effects. Bacon.

2. Expressing a cause or reason; causal; as, the ablative is a causative case.

CAUSATIVE
Caus"a*tive, n.

Defn: A word which expresses or suggests a cause.

CAUSATIVELY
Caus"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a causative manner.

CAUSATOR
Cau*sa"tor, n. Etym: [See Cause.]

Defn: One who causes. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

CAUSE
Cause, n. Etym: [F. cause, fr. L. causa. Cf. Cause, v., Kickshaw.]

1. That which produces or effects a result; that from which anything proceeds, and without which it would not exist. Cause is substance exerting its power into act, to make one thing begin to be. Locke.

2. That which is the occasion of an action or state; ground; reason; motive; as, cause for rejoicing.

3. Sake; interest; advantage. [Obs.] I did it not for his cause. 2 Cor. vii. 12.

4. (Law)

Defn: A suit or action in court; any legal process by which a party endeavors to obtain his claim, or what he regards as his right; case; ground of action.

5. Any subject of discussion or debate; matter; question; affair in general. What counsel give you in this weighty cause! Shak.

6. The side of a question, which is espoused, advocated, and upheld by a person or party; a principle which is advocated; that which a person or party seeks to attain. God befriend us, as our cause is just. Shak. The part they take against me is from zeal to the cause. Burke. Efficient cause, the agent or force that produces a change or redult. — Final cause, the end, design, or object, for which anything is done. — Formal cause, the elements of a conception which make the conception or the thing conceived to be what it is; or the idea viewed as a formative principle and coöperating with the matter. — Material cause, that of which anything is made. — Proximate cause. See under Proximate. — To make common cause with, to join with in purposes and aims. Macaulay.

Syn. — Origin; source; mainspring; motive; reason; incitement; inducement; purpose; object; suit; action.

CAUSE Cause, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caused; p. pr. & v. n. Causing.] Etym: [F. causer, fr. cause, fr. L. causa. See Cause, n., and cf. Acouse.]

Defn: To effect as an agent; to produce; to be the occasion of; to bring about; to bring into existence; to make; — usually followed by an infinitive, sometimes by that with a finite verb. I will cause it to rain upon the earth forty days. Gen. vii. 4. Cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans. Col. iv. 16.

Syn. — To create; produce; beget; effect; occasion; originate; induce; bring about.

CAUSE
Cause, v. i.

Defn: To assign or show cause; to give a reason; to make excuse.
[Obs.] Spenser.

CAUSE
Cause, conj.

Defn: Abbreviation of Because. B. Jonson.

CAUSEFUL
Cause"ful, n.

Defn: Having a cause. [Obs.]

CAUSELESS
Cause"less, a.

Defn: 1. Self-originating; uncreated.

2. Without just or sufficient reason; groundless. My fears are causeless and ungrounded. Denham.

CAUSELESS
Cause"less, adv.

Defn: Without cause or reason.

CAUSELESSNESS
Cause"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being causeless.

CAUSER
Caus"er, n.

Defn: One who or that which causes.

CAUSERIE
Cause`rie", n. [F., fr. causer to chat.]

Defn: Informal talk or discussion, as about literary matters; light conversation; chat.

CAUSEUSE
Cau`seuse", n. Etym: [F., fr. causer to talk.]

Defn: A kind of sofa for two person. A tête-a-tête.

CAUSEWAY; CAUSEY Cause"way, Cau"sey, n. Etym: [OE. cauci, cauchie, OF. cauchie, F. chaussée, from LL. (via) calciata, fr calciare to make a road, either fr. L. calx lime, hence, to pave with limestone (cf. E. chalk), or from L. calceus shoe, from calx heel, hence, to shoe, pave, or wear by treading.]

Defn: A way or road rasid above the natural level of the ground,
serving as a dry passage over wet or marshy ground.
But that broad causeway will direct your way. Dryden.
The other way Satan went down The causey to Hell-gate. Milton.

CAUSEWAYED; CAUSEYED
Cause"wayed, Cau"seyed. a.

Defn: Having a raised way (causeway or causey); paved. Sir W. Scott.
C. Bronté.

CAUSIDICAL Cau*sid"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. causidicakis; causa a cause in law + dicare to say.]

Defn: Pertaining to an advocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits.

CAUSTIC; CAUSTICAL
Caus"tic, Caus"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. caustucs, Ge. Calm, Ink.]

1. Capable of destroying the texture of anything or eating away its substance by chemical action; burning; corrosive; searing.

2. Severe; satirical; sharp; as, a caustic remark. Caustic curve (Optics), a curve to which the ray of light, reflected or refracted by another curve, are tangents, the reflecting or refracting curve and the luminous point being in one plane. — Caustic lime. See under Lime. — Caustic potash, Caustic soda (Chem.), the solid hydroxides potash, KOH, and soda, NaOH, or solutions of the same. — Caustic silver, nitrate of silver, lunar caustic. — Caustic surface (Optics), a surface to which rays reflected or refracted by another surface are tangents. Caustic curves and surfaces are called catacaustic when formed by reflection, and diacaustic when formed by refraction.

Syn.
— Stinging; cutting; pungent; searching.

CAUSTIC
Cau"stic, n. Etym: [L. causticum (sc. medicamentum). See Caustic, a.]

1. Any substance or means which, applied to animal or other organic tissue, burns, corrodes, or destroys it by chemical action; an escharotic.

2. (Optics)

Defn: A caustic curve or caustic surface.

CAUSTICALLY
Caus"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a caustic manner.

CAUSTICILY
Caus*tic"i*ly, n.

1. The quality of being caustic; corrosiveness; as, the causticity of potash.

2. Severity of language; sarcasm; as, the causticity of a reply or remark.

CAUSTICNESS
Caus"tic*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being caustic; causticity.

CAUTEL Cau"tel, n. Etym: [F. cautèle, L. cautela, fr. cavere to be on one's guard, to take care.]

1. Caution; prudence; wariness. [Obs.] Fulke.

2. Craft; deceit; falseness. [Obs.] Shak.

CAUTELOUS
Cau"te*lous, a. Etym: [F. cauteleux, LL. cautelosus. See Cautel.]

1. Caution; prudent; wary. [Obs.] "Cautelous, though young." Drayton.

2. Crafty; deceitful; false. [Obs.] Shak.
— Cau"te*lous*ly, adv.
— Cau"te*lous*ness, n. [Obs.]

CAUTER
Cau"ter, n. Etym: [F. cautère, L. cauterium, fr. Gr. Caustic,
Cautery.]

Defn: A hot iron for searing or cauterizing. Minsheu.

CAUTERANT
Cau"ter*ant, n.

Defn: A cauterizing substance.

CAUTERISM
Cau"ter*ism, n.

Defn: The use or application of a caustic; cautery. Ferrand.

CAUTERIZATION
Cau`ter*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cautèrisation.] (Med.)

Defn: The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.

CAUTERIZE
Cau"ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cauterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cauterizing.] Etym: [L. cauterizare, Gr. cautérised.. See cauter.]

1. To burn or sear with a cautery or caustic. Dunglison.

2. To sear, as the conscience. Jer. Taylor.

CAUTERY
Cau"ter*y, n.; pl. Cauteries. Etym: [L. cauterium, Gr. Cauter.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A burning or searing, as of morbid flesh, with a hot iron, or by application of a caustic that will burn, corrode, or destroy animal tissue.

2. The iron of other agent in cauterizing. Actual cautery, a substance or agent (as a hot iron) which cauterizes or sears by actual heat; or the burning so effected. — Potential cautery, a substance which cauterizes by chemical action; as, lunar caustic; also, the cauterizing produced by such substance.

CAUTION Cau"tion, n. Etym: [F. caution a security, L. cautio, fr. cavere (For scavere) to be on one's guard, to take care (orig.) to be on the watch, see; akin to E. show.]

1. A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided; prudence in regard to danger; provident care; wariness.

2. Security; guaranty; bail. [R.] The Parliament would yet give his majesty sufficient caution that the war should be prosecuted. Clarendon.

3. Precept or warning against evil of any kind; exhortation to wariness; advice; injunction. In way of caution I must tell you. Shak. Caution money, money deposited by way of security or guaranty, as by a student at an English university.

Syn. — Care; forethought; forecast; heed; prudence; watchfulness; vigilance; circumspection; anxiety; providence; counsel; advice; warning; admonition.

CAUTION
Cau"tion v. t. [imp & p. p. Cautioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Cautioning.]

Defn: To give notice of danger to; to warn; to exhort [one] to take
heed.
You cautioned me against their charms. Swift.

CAUTIONARY
Cau"tion*a*ry, a.

1. Conveying a caution, or warning to avoid danger; as, cautionary signals.

2. Given as a pledge or as security. He hated Barnevelt, for his getting the cautionary towns out of his hands. Bp. Burnet.

3. Wary; cautious. [Obs.] Bacon.

CAUTIONARY BLOCK
Cau"tion*a*ry block. (Railroads)

Defn: A block in which two or more trains are permitted to travel, under restrictions imposed by a caution card or the like.

CAUTIONER
Cau"tion*er, n.

1. One who cautions or advises.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: A surety or sponsor.

CAUTIONRY
Cau"tion*ry, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: Suretyship.

CAUTIOUS
Cau"tious, a. Etym: [Cf. L. cautus, fr. caver. See Caution.]

Defn: Attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of acts with a view to avoid danger or misfortune; prudent; circumspect; wary; watchful; as, a cautious general. Cautious feeling for another's pain. Byron. Be swift to hear; but cautious of your tongue. Watts.

Syn. — Wary; watchful; vigilant; prudent; circumspect; discreet; heedful; thoughtful; scrupulous; anxious; careful. — Cautious, Wary, Circumspect. A man is cautious who realizes the constant possibility of danger; one may be wary, and yet bold and active; a man who is circumspect habitually examines things on every side in order to weigh and deliberate. It is necessary to be cautious at all times; to be wary in cases of extraordinary danger; to be circumspect in matters of peculiar delicacy and difficulty.

CAUTIOUSLY
Cau"tious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cautious manner.

CAUTIOUSNESS
Cau"tious*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cautious.

CAVALCADE Cav"al*cade`, n. Etym: [F. cavalcade, fr. It. cavalcata, fr. cavalcare to go on horseback, fr. LL. caballicare, fr. L. caballus an inferior horse, Gr. Cavalier, Cavalry.]

Defn: A procession of persons on horseback; a formal, pompous march of horsemen by way of parade. He brought back war-worn cavalcade to the city. Prescott.

CAVALERO; CAVALIERO
Cav`a*le"ro, Cav`a*lie"ro, n. Etym: [Sp. caballero. See Cavalier.]

Defn: A cavalier; a gallant; a libertine. Shak.

CAVALIER Cav`a*lier", n. Etym: [F. cavalier, It. cavaliere, LL. caballarius, fr. L. caballus. See Cavalcade, and cf. Cavallier, Caballine.]

1. A military man serving on horseback; a knight.

2. A gay, sprightly, military man; hence, a gallant.

3. One of the court party in the time of king Charles L. as contrasted with a Roundhead or an adherent of Parliament. Clarendon.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A work of more that ordinary heigh, rising from the level ground of a bastion, etc., and overlooking surrounding parts.

CAVALIER
Cav`a*lier", a.

Defn: Gay; easy; offhand; frank. The plodding, persevering scupulous accuracy of the one, and the easy, cavalier, verbal fluency of the other, from a complete contrast. Hazlitt.

2. High-spirited. [Obs.] "The people are naturally not valiant, and not much cavalier." Suckling.

3. Supercilious; haughty; disdainful; curt; brusque.

4. Of or pertaining to the party of King Charles I. "An old Cavalier family." Beaconsfleld.

CAVALIERISH
Cav`a*lier"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a cavalier.

CAVALIERISM
Cav`a*lier"ism, n.

Defn: The practice or principles of cavaliers. Sir. W. Scott.

CAVALIERLY
Cav`a*lier"ly, adv.

Defn: In a supercilious, disdainful, or haughty manner; arroganty.
Junius.

CAVALIERNESS
Cav`a*lier"ness, n.

Defn: A disdanful manner.

CAVALLY Ca*val"ly, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. cavalla a kind of fish; Sp. caballa; prob. fr. Pg. cavallo horse, Sp. caballa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carangoid fish of the Atlantic coast (Caranx hippos): — called also horse crevallé.

Note: [See Illust. under Carangoid.]

CAVALRY Cav"al*ry, n. Etym: [F. cavalerie, fr. It. cavalleria. See Cavalier, and cf. chivalry.] (Mil.)

Defn: That part of military force which serves on horseback.

Note: Heavy cavalry and light cavalry are so distinguished by the character of their armament, and by the size of the men and horses.

CAVALRYMAN
Cav"al*ry*man, n.; pl. Cavalrymen (.

Defn: One of a body of cavalry.

CAVATINA
Ca`va*ti"na, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Originally, a melody of simpler form than the aria; a song without a second part and a da capo; — a term now variously and vaguely used.

CAVE
Cave, n. Etym: [F. cave, L. cavus hollow, whence cavea cavity. Cf.
Cage.]

1. A hollow place in the earth, either natural or artificial; a subterraneous cavity; a cavern; a den.

2. Any hollow place, or part; a cavity. [Obs.] "The cave of the ear." Bacon. Cave bear (Zoöl.), a very large fossil bear (Ursus spelæus) similar to the grizzly bear, but large; common in European caves. — Cave dweller, a savage of prehistoric times whose dwelling place was a cave. Tylor. — Cave hyena (Zoöl.), a fossil hyena found abundanty in British caves, now usually regarded as a large variety of the living African spotted hyena. — Cave lion (Zoöl.), a fossil lion found in the caves of Europe, believed to be a large variety of the African lion. — Bone cave. See under Bone.

CAVE
Cave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caved; p. pr. & vb. n. Caving.] Etym: [Cf.
F. caver. See Cave, n.]

Defn: To make hollow; to scoop out. [Obs.]
The mouldred earth cav'd the banke. Spenser.

CAVE
Cave, v. i.

1. To dwell in a cave. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Etym: [See To cave in, below.]

Defn: To fall in or down; as, the sand bank caved. Hence (Slang), to retreat from a position; to give way; to yield in a disputed matter. To cave in. Etym: [Flem. inkalven.] (a) To fall in and leave a hollow, as earth on the side of a well or pit. (b) To submit; to yield. [Slang] H. Kingsley.

CAVEAT Ca"ve*at, n. Etym: [L. caved let him beware, pres. subj. of cavere to be on one's guard to, beware.]

1. (Law)

Defn: A notice given by an interested party to some officer not to do a certain act until the party is heard in opposition; as, a caveat entered in a probate court to stop the proving of a will or the taking out of letters of administration, etc. Bouvier.

2. (U. S. Patent Laws)

Defn: A description of some invention, designed to be patented, lodged in the patent office before the patent right is applied for, and operating as a bar to the issue of letters patent to any other person, respecting the same invention.

Note: A caveat is operative for one year only, but may be renewed.

3. Intimation of caution; warning; protest. We think it right to enter our caveat against a conclusion. Jeffrey. Caveat emptor Etym: [L.] (Law), let the purchaser beware, i. e., let him examine the article he is buying, and act on his own judgment.

CAVEATING
Ca"ve*a`ting, n. (Fencing)

Defn: Shifting the sword from one side of an adversary's sword to the other.

CAVEATOR
Ca"ve*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who enters a caveat.

CAVENDISH
Cav"en*dish, n.

Defn: Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or cakes. Cut cavendish, the plugs cut into long shreds for smoking.

CAVERN
Cav"ern, n. Etym: [L. caverna, fr. cavus hollow: cf. F. caverne.]

Defn: A large, deep, hollow place in the earth; a large cave.

CAVERNED
Cav"erned, a.

1. Containing caverns. The wolves yelled on the caverned hill. Byron.

2. Living in a cavern. "Caverned hermit." Pope.

CAVERNOUS
Cav"ern*ous, a. Etym: [L. cavernosus: cf. F. caverneux.]

1. Full of caverns; resembling a cavern or large cavity; hollow.

2. Filled with small cavities or cells.

3. Having a sound caused by a cavity. Cavernous body, a body of erectile tissue with large interspaces which may be distended with blood, as in the penis or clitoris. — Cavernous respiration, a peculiar respiratory sound andible on auscultation, when the bronchial tubes communicate with morbid cavities in the lungs.

CAVERNULOUS
Ca*ver"nu*lous, a.Etym: [L. cavernula, dim. of caverna cavern.]

Defn: Full of little cavities; as, cavernulous metal. Black.

CAVESSON; CAVEZON Cav"es*son, Cav"e*zon, n. Etym: [F. caveçon, augm. fr. LL. capitium a head covering hood, fr. L. caput head. Cf. Caberzon.] (Man.)

Defn: A kind of noseband used in breaking and training horses.
[Written also caveson, causson.] White.

CAVETTO
Ca*vet"to, n. Etym: [It. cavetto, fr. cavo hollow, L. cavus.] (Arch.)

Defn: A concave molding; — used chiefly in classical architecture.
See Illust. of Calumn.

CAVIARE; CAVIAR
Ca*viare", Cav"i*ar, n. Etym: [F. caviar, fr. It. caviale, fr. Turk.
Havi\'ber.]

Defn: The roes of the sturgeon, prepared and salted; — used as a relish, esp. in Russia.

Note: Caviare was considered a delicacy, by some, in Shakespeare's time, but was not relished by most. Hence Hamlet says of a certain play. "'T was caviare to the general," i. e., above the taste of the common people.

CAVICORN
Cav"i*corn, a. Etym: [L. cavus hollow + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having hollow horns.

CAVICORNIA
Cav`i*cor"ni*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of ruminants whose horns are hollow, and planted on a bony process of the front, as the ox.

CAVIL
Cav"il, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caviled or Cavilled (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Caviling or Cavilling.] Etym: [L. cavillari to practice jesting, to
censure, fr. cavilla bantering jests, sophistry: cf. OF. caviller.]

Defn: To raise captious and frivolous objections; to find fault
without good reason.
You do not well in obstinacy To cavil in the course of this contract.
Shak.

CAVIL
Cav"il, v. t.

Defn: To cavil at. [Obs.] Milton.

CAVIL
Cav"il, n.

Defn: A captious or frivolous objection.
All the cavils of prejudice and unbelief. Shak.

CAVIL; CAVILER; CAVILLER
Cav"il or Cav"il*er, n.

Defn: One who cavils.
Cavilers at the style of the Scriptures. Boyle.

CAVILING
Cav"il*ing, a.

Defn: Disposed to cavil; finding fault without good reason. See
Captious.
His depreciatory and caviling criticism. Lewis.

CAVILINGLY
Cav"il*ing*ly, adb.

Defn: In a caviling manner.

CAVILLATION
Cav`il*la"tion, n.Etym: [F. cavillation, L. cavillatio.]

Defn: Frivolous or sophistical objection. [Obs.] Hooker.

CAVILOUS; CAVILLOUS
Cav"il*ous or Cav"il*lous, a. Etym: [L. cavillosus.]

Defn: Characterized by caviling, or disposed to cavil; quibbing. [R.]
— Cav"il*ous*ly, adv. [R.] — Cav"il*ous*ness, n. [R.]

CAVIN
Cav"in, n. Etym: [F. See Cave.] (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow way, adapted to cover troops, and facilitate their aproach to a place. Farrow.

CAVITARY
Cav"i*ta*ry, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Containing a body cavity; as, the cavitary or nematoid worms.

CAVITY
Cav"i*ty, n.; pl. Cavities. Etym: [L. cavus hollow: cf. F. cavité.]

1. Hollowness. [Obs.] The cavity or hollowness of the place. Goodwin.

2. A hollow place; a hollow; as, the abdominal cavity. An instrument with a small cavity, like a small spoon. Arbuthot. Abnormal spaces or excavations are frequently formed in the lungs, which are designated cavities or vomicæ. Quain. Body cavity, the coelum. See under Body.

CAVO-RELIEVO
Ca"vo-re*lie"vo, n.

Defn: Cavo-rilievo.

CAVO-RILIEVO
Ca"vo-ri*lie"vo, n. Etym: [It.] (Sculp.)

Defn: Hollow relief; sculpture in relief within a sinking made for the purpose, so no part of it projects beyond the plain surface around.

CAVORT
Ca*vort", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cavorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cavorting.]

Defn: To prance ostentatiously; — said of a horse or his rider.
[Local slang U. S.]

CAVY
Ca"vy, n.; pl. Cavies (. Etym: [NL. cavia, fr. Brazilian cabiai: cf.
F. cabiai.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rodent of the genera cavia and Dolichotis, as the guinea pig
(Cavia cabaya). Cavies are natives of South America. Water cavy
(Zoöl.), The capybara.

CAW
Caw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cawing.] Etym:
[Imitative. *22 Cf. Chough.]

Defn: To cry like a crow, rook, or raven.
Rising and cawing at the gun's report. Shak.

CAW
Caw, n.

Defn: The cry made by the crow, rook, or raven.

CAWK
Cawk, n. Etym: [Prov. E. cauk limestone. A doublet of chalk.] (Min.)

Defn: An opaque, compact variety of barite, or heavy spar. [Also written cauk.]

CAWKER
Cawk"er, n.

Defn: See Calker.

CAWKY
Cawk"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cawk; like cawk.

CAXON
Cax"on, n.

Defn: A kind of wig. [Obs.] Lamb.

CAXTON
Cax"ton, n. (Bibliog.)

Defn: Any book printed by William Caxton, the first English printer.
Hansard.

CAY
Cay, n.

Defn: See Key, a ledge.

CAYENNE
Cay*enne, n. Etym: [From Cayenne, a town and island in French Guiana,
South America.]

Defn: Cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper. (a) (Bot.) A species of capsicum (C. frutescens) with small and intensely pungent fruit. (b) A very pungent spice made by drying and grinding the fruits or seeds of several species of the genus Capsicum, esp. C. annuum and C. Frutescens; — Called also red pepper. It is used chiefly as a condiment.

CAYMAN
Cay"man, n. Etym: [From the language of Guiana: cf. Sp. caiman.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The south America alligator. See Alligator. [Sometimes written caiman.]

CAYO
Ca"yo, n.; pl. -yos (#). [Sp.]

Defn: A small island or ledge of rock in the water; a key. [Sp. Am.]

CAYUGAS
Ca*yu"gas, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing Cayuga. (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians formerly inbabiting western New-York, forming part of the confederacy called the Five Nations.

CAYUSE
Cay*use", n.

Defn: An Indian pony. [Northw. U. S.]

CAZIQUE; CAZIC
Ca*zique", Cazic", n. Etym: [Sp. Cacique, fr. the language of Hayti.]

Defn: A chief or petty king among some tribes of Indians in America.

CC IRA Ça" i*ra". [F. ça ira, ça ira, les aristocrates à la lanterne, it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern (lamp-post).]

Defn: The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution.

CEASE
Cease, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ceased; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceasing.] Etym:
[OE. cessen, cesen, F. cesser, fr. L. cessare, v. intemsive fr.
cedere to withdraw. See Cede , and cf. Cessation.]

1. To come to an end; to stop; to leave off or give over; to desist; as, the noise ceased "To cease from strife." Prov. xx. 3.

2. To be wanting; to fail; to pass away. The poor shall never cease out of the land. Deut. xv. 11.

Syn. — To intermit; desist; stop; abstain; quit; discontinue; refrain; leave off; pause; end.

CEASE
Cease, v. t.

Defn: To put a stop to; to bring to an end.
But he, her fears to cease Sent down the meek-eyed peace. Milton.
Cease, then, this impious rage. Milton

CEASE
Cease, n.

Defn: Extinction. [Obs.] Shak.

CEASELESS
Cease"less, a.

Defn: Without pause or end; incessant.

CEASELESS
Cease"less, adv.

Defn: Without intermission or end.

CECIDOMYIA
Cec`i*do*my"i*a, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small dipterous files, including several very injurious species, as the Hessian fly. See Hessian fly.

CECITY
Ce"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. caecitas, fr. caecus blind: cf. F. cécité.]

Defn: Blindness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

CECUTIENCY
Ce*cu"tien*cy, n. Etym: [L. caecutire to be blind, fr. caecus blind.]

Defn: Partial blindness, or a tendency to blindness. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

CEDAR
Ce"dar, n. Etym: [AS. ceder, fr. L. cedrus, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several evergreen trees. The wood is remarkable for its durability and fragrant odor.

Note: The cedar of Lebanon is the Cedrus Libani; the white cedar (Cupressus thyoides) is now called Chamoecyparis sphæroidea; American red cedar is the Juniperus Virginiana; Spanish cedar, the West Indian Cedrela odorata. Many other trees with odoriferous wood are locally called cedar. Cedar bird (Zoöl.), a species of chatterer (Ampelis cedrarum), so named from its frequenting cedar trees; — called also cherry bird, Canada robin, and American waxwing.

CEDAR
Ce"dar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cedar.

CEDARED
Ce"dared, a.

Defn: Covered, or furnished with, cedars.

CEDARN
Ce"darn, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood. [R.]

CEDE Cede, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceding.] Etym: [L. cedere to withdraw, yield; akin to cadere to fall, and to E. chance; cf. F. céder.]

Defn: To yield or surrender; to give up; to resign; as, to cede a
fortress, a province, or country, to another nation, by treaty.
The people must cede to the government some of their natural rights.
Jay.

CEDILLA
Ce*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp. cedilla, cf. F. cédille; dim. of zeta, the
Gr. name of the letter z, because this letter was formerly written
after the c, to give it the sound of s.]

Defn: A mark placed under the letter c [thus, ç], to show that it is to be sounded like s, as in façade.

CEDRAT
Ce"drat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cédrat. See Cedar.] (Bot.)

Defn: Properly the citron, a variety of Citrus medica, with large fruits, not acid, and having a high perfume.

CEDRENE
Ce"drene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A rich aromatic oil, C15H24, extracted from oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type. [Written also cedren.]

CEDRINE
Ce"drine, a. Etym: [L. cedrinus, Gr. Cedar.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to cedar or the cedar tree.

CEDRIRET
Ce"dri*ret, n.

Defn: Same as Coerulignone.

CEDRY
Ce"dry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of cedar. [R.]

CEDULE
Ced"ule, n. Etym: [F. cédule, fr. L. shedula. See Shedule.]

Defn: A scroll; a writing; a schedule. [Obs.]

CEDUOUS
Ced"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. caeduus, fr. caedere to cut down.]

Defn: Fit to be felled. [Obs.] Eyelyn.

CEIL
Ceil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ceiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Ceiling.] Etym:
[From an older noun, fr. F. ciel heaven, canopy, fr. L. carlum
heaven, vault, arch, covering; cf. Gr.

1. To overlay or cover the inner side of the roof of; to furnish with a ceiling; as, to ceil a room. The greater house he ceiled with fir tree. 2 Chron. iii. 5

2. To line or finish a surface, as of a wall, with plaster, stucco, thin boards, or the like.

CEILING
Ceil"ing, n. Etym: [See Cell, v. t.]

1. (Arch.) (a) The inside lining of a room overhead; the under side of the floor above; the upper surface opposite to the floor. (b) The lining or finishing of any wall or other surface, with plaster, thin boards, etc.; also, the work when done.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The inner planking of a vessel. Camp ceiling. See under Camp.
— Ceiling boards, Thin narrow boards used to ceil with.

CEINT
Ceint, n. Etym: [See Cincture.]

Defn: A girdle. [Obs.]

CEINTURE
Cein`ture", n. [F.]

Defn: A cincture, girdle, or belt; — chiefly used in English as a dressmaking term.

CELADON
Cel"a*don, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A pale sea-green color; also, porcelain or fine pottery of this tint.

CELANDINE; CALANDINE Cel"an*dine, Cal"an*dine, n. Etym: [OE. celidoine, OF. celidoine, F. chélidoine, fr. L. chelidonia (sc. herba), fr. chelidonius pertaining to the swallow, Gr. hirundo a swallow.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herbaceous plant (Chelidonium majus) of the poppy family, with yellow flowers. It is used as a medicine in jandice, etc., and its acrid saffron-colored juice is used to cure warts and the itch; — called also greater celandine and swallowwort. Lasser celandine, the pilewort (Ranunculus Ficaria).

CELATURE Cel"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. caelatura, fr. caelare to engrave in relief.]

1. The act or art of engraving or embossing.

2. That which is engraved. [Obs.] Hakewill.

CELEBRANT
Cel"e*brant, n. Etym: [L. celebrans, p. pr. of celebrare. See
Celebrate.]

Defn: One who performs a public religious rite; — applied particularly to an officiating priest in the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from his assistants.

CELEBRATE
Cel"e*brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Celebrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Celebrating.] Etym: [L. celebratus, p. p. of celebrare to frequent,
to celebrate, fr. celeber famous.]

1. To extol or honor in a solemn manner; as, to celebrate the name of the Most High.

2. To honor by solemn rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly; to keep; as, to celebrate a birthday. Fron even unto shall ye celebrate your Sabbath. Lev. xxiii. 32.

3. To perforn or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to solemnize; to perform with appropriate rites; as, to celebrate a marriage.

Syn. — To commemorate; distinguish; honor. — To Celebrate, Commemorate. We commemorate events which we desire to keep in remembrance, when we recall them by some special observace; as, to commemorate the death of our Savior. We celebrate by demonstrations of joy or solemnity or by appropriate ceremonies; as, to celebrate the birthday of our Independence. We are called upon to commemorate a revolution as surprising in its manner as happy in its consequences. Atterbury. Earth, water, air, and fire, with feeling glee, Exult to celebrate thy festival. Thomson.

CELEBRATED
Cel"e*bra`ted, a.

Defn: Having celebrity; distinguished; renowned.
Celebrated for the politeness of his manners. Macaulay.

Syn.
— Distinguished; famous; noted; famed; renowned; illustrious. See
Distinguished.

CELEBRATION
Cel`e*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. celebratio.]

Defn: The act, process, or time of celebrating.
His memory deserving a particular celebration. Clarendok.
Celebration of Mass is equivalent to offering Mass Cath. Dict.
To hasten the celebration of their marriage. Sir P. Sidney.

CELEBRATOR
Cel"e*bra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who celebrates; a praiser. Boyle.

CELEBRIOUS
Ce*le"bri*ous, a.

Defn: Famous. [Obs.] Speed.

CELEBRITY Ce*leb"ri*ty, n.; pl. Celebriries. Etym: [L. celebritas: cf. F. célébrité.]

1. Celebration; solemnization. [Obs.] The celebrity of the marriage. Bacon.

2. The state or condition of being celebrated; fame; renown; as, the celebrity of Washington. An event of great celebrity in the history of astronomy. Whewell.

3. A person of distinction or renown; — usually in the plural; as, he is one of the celebrities of the place.

CELERIAC
Ce*le"ri*ac, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Turnip-rooted celery, a from of celery with a large globular root, which is used for food.

CELERITY Ce*ler"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. celeritas, from celer swiftm speedy: sf. F. célérité.]

Defn: Rapidity of motion; quickness; swiftness. Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly to him whose whole employment is to watch its flight. Johnson.

CELERY Cel"er*y, n. Etym: [F. céleri, cf. Prov. It. seleno, seler; fr. Gr. celery. Cf. Parsley.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Parsley family (Apium graveolens), of which the blanched leafstalks are used as a salad.

CELESTIAL Ce*les"tial, a. Etym: [OF. celestial, celestied, fr. L. caelestic, fr. caelum heaved. See Cell.]

1. Belonging to the aërial regions, or visible heavens. "The twelve celestial signs." Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the spiritual heaven; heavenly; divine. "Celestial spirits." "Celestial light," Milton. Celestial city, heaven; the heavenly Jerusalem. Bunyan. — Celestial empire, China; — so called from the Chinese words, tien chan, Heavenly Dynasty, as being the kingdom ruled over by the dynasty appoined by heaven. S. W. Williams.

CELESTIAL
Ce*les"tial, n.

1. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope.

2. A native of China.

CELESTIALIZE
Ce*les"tial*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make celestial. [R.]

CELESTIALLY
Ce*les"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a celestial manner.

CELESTIFY
Ce*les"ti*fy, v. t. Etym: [L. caelestis heavenly + -fly.]

Defn: To make like heaven. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CELESTINE; CELESTITE
Cel"es*tine, Cel"es*tite,, n. Etym: [LL. caelestinus bine.] (Min.)

Defn: Native strontium sulphate, a mineral so named from its occasional delicate blue color. It occurs crystallized, also in compact massive and fibrous forms.

CELESTINE; CELESTINIAN
Cel"es*tine, Cel`es*tin"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A monk of the austere branch of the Franciscan Order founded by
Celestine V. in the 13th centry.

CELIAC
Ce"li*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Coellac.

CELIBACY
Ce*lib"a*cy, n. Etym: [See Celibate, n.]

Defn: The state of being unmarried; single life, esp. that of a bachelor, or of one bound by vows not to marry. "The celibacy of the clergy." Hallom.

CELIBATE
Cel"i*bate, n. Etym: [L. aelibatus, fr. caelebs unmarried, single.]

1. Celibate state; celibacy. [Obs.] He . . . preferreth holy celibate before the estate of marrige. Jer. Taylor.

2. One who is unmarried, esp. a bachelor, or one bound by vows not to marry.

CELIBATE
Cel"i*bate, a.

Defn: Unmarried; single; as, a celibate state.

CELIBATIST
Ce*lib"a*tist, n.

Defn: One who lives unmarried. [R.]

CELIDOGRAPHY
Cel`i*dog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. célidographie.]

Defn: A description of apparent spots on the disk of the sun, or on planets.

CELL
Cell, n. Etym: [OF. celle, fr. L. cella; akin to celare to hide, and
E. hell, helm, conceal. Cf. Hall.]

1. A very small and close apartment, as in a prison or in a monastery or convent; the hut of a hermit. The heroic confessor in his cell. Macaulay.

2. A small religious house attached to a monastery or convent. "Cells or dependent priories." Milman.

3. Any small cavity, or hollow place.

4. (Arch.) (a) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof. (b) Same as Cella.

5. (Elec.)

Defn: A jar of vessel, or a division of a compound vessel, for holding the exciting fluid of a battery.

6. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the minute elementary structures, of which the greater part of the various tissues and organs of animals and plants are composed.

Note: All cells have their origin in the primary cell from which the organism was developed. In the lowest animal and vegetable forms, one single cell constitutes the complete individual, such being called unicelluter orgamisms. A typical cell is composed of a semifluid mass of protoplasm, more or less granular, generally containing in its center a nucleus which in turn frequently contains one or more nucleoli, the whole being surrounded by a thin membrane, the cell wall. In some cells, as in those of blood, in the amoeba, and in embryonic cells (both vegetable and animal), there is no restricting cell wall, while in some of the unicelluliar organisms the nucleus is wholly wanting. See Illust. of Bipolar. Air cell. See Air cell. — Cell development (called also cell genesis, cell formation, and cytogenesis), the multiplication, of cells by a process of reproduction under the following common forms; segmentation or fission, gemmation or budding, karyokinesis, and endogenous multiplication. See Segmentation, Gemmation, etc. — Cell theory. (Biol.) See Cellular theory, under Cellular.

CELL
Cell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Celled.]

Defn: To place or inclosed in a cell. "Celled under ground." [R.]
Warner.

CELLA
Cel"la, n. Etym: [L.] (Arch.)

Defn: The part inclosed within the walls of an ancient temple, as distinguished from the open porticoes.

CELLAR Cel"lar, n. Etym: [OE. celer, OF. celier, F. celier, fr. L. cellarium a receptacle for food, pantry, fr. cella storeroom. See Cell.]

Defn: A room or rooms under a building, and usually below the surface of the ground, where provisions and other stores are kept.

CELLARAGE
Cel"lar*age, n.

1. The space or storerooms of a cellar; a cellar. Sir W. Scott. You hear this fellow in the cellarage. Shak.

2. Chare for storage in a cellar.

CELLARER Cel"lar*er, n. Etym: [LL. cellararius, equiv. to L. cellarius steward: cf. F. cellérier. See Cellar.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A steward or butler of a monastery or chapter; one who has charge of procuring and keeping the provisions.

CELLARET
Cel`lar*et", n. Etym: [Dim of cellar.]

Defn: A receptacle, as in a dining room, for a few bottles of wine or liquor, made in the form of a chest or coffer, or a deep drawer in a sideboard, and usually lined with metal.

CELLARIST
Cel"lar*ist, n.

Defn: Same as Cellarer.

CELLED
Celled, a.

Defn: Containing a cell or cells.

CELLEPORE
Cel"le*pore, n. Etym: [L. cella cell + porus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of delicate branching corals, made up of minute cells, belonging to the Bryozoa.

CELLIFEROUS
Cel*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cell + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing cells.

CELLO
Cel"lo, n.; pl. E. Cellos (, It. Celli (.

Defn: A contraction for Violoncello.

CELLULAR
Cel"lu*lar, a. Etym: [L. cellula a little cell: cf. F. cellulaire.
See Cellule.]

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, cells; of or pertaining to a cell or cells. Cellular plants, Cellular cryptogams (Bot.), those flowerless plants which have no ducts or fiber in their tissue, as mosses, fungi, lichens, and algæ. — Cellular theory, or Cell theory (Biol.), a theory, according to which the essential element of every tissue, either vegetable or animal, is a cell; the whole series of cells having been formed from the development of the germ cell and by differentiation converted into tissues and organs which, both in plants ans animals, are to be considered as a mass of minute cells communicating with each other. — Cellular tissue. (a) (Anat.) See conjunctive tissue under Conjunctive. (b) (Bot.) Tissue composed entirely of parenchyma, and having no woody fiber or ducts. cellular telephone, a portable radio- telephone transmitting and receiving the radio-telephonic signals from one of a group of transmitter-receiver stations so arranged that they provide adequate signal contact for such telephones over a certain geographical area. The area within which one transmitter may service such portable telephones is called its "cell.

CELLULATED
Cel"lu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Cellular. Caldwell.

CELLULE
Cel"lule, n. Etym: [L. cellula a small apartment, dim. of cella: cf.
F. cellule. See Cell.]

Defn: A small cell.

CELLULIFEROUS
Cel`lu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. cellula + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing little cells.

CELLULITIS
Cel`lu*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cellula + -itis.]

Defn: An inflammantion of the cellular or areolar tissue, esp. of that lying immediately beneath the skin.

CELLULOID
Cel"lu*loid`, n. Etym: [Cellulose + -oid.]

Defn: A substance composed essentially of gun cotton and camphor, and when pure resembling ivory in texture and color, but variously colored to imitate coral, tortoise shell, amber, malachite, etc. It is used in the manufacture of jewelry and many small articles, as combs, brushes, collars, and cuffs; — originaly called xylonite.

CELLULOSE
Cel"lu*lose`, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or containing, cells.

CELLULOSE
Cel"lu*lose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The substance which constitutes the essential part of the solid framework of plants, of ordinary wood, linen, paper, etc. It is also found to a slight extent in certain animals, as the tunicates. It is a carbohydrate, (C6H10O5)n, isomeric with starch, and is convertible into starches and sugars by the action of heat and acids. When pure, it is a white amorphous mass. See Starch, Granulose, Lignin. Unsized, well bleached linen paper is merely pure cellulose. Goodale. Starch cellulose, the delicate framework which remains when the soluble part (granulose) of starch is removed by saliva or pepsin. Goodale.

CELOTOMY
Ce*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The act or operation of cutting, to relieve the structure in strangulated hernia. [Frequently written kelotomy.]

CELSITURE
Cel"si*ture, n. Etym: [L. celstudo, from celsus high: cf. celsitude.]

Defn: Height; altitude. [Obs.]

CELSIUS
Cel"si*us, n.

Defn: The Celsius thermometer or scale, so called from Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, who invented it. It is the same as the centigrade thermometer or scale.

CELT Celt, n. Etym: [L. Celtae, Gr. Celtiad one that dwells in a covert, an inhabitant of the wood, a Celt, fr. celt covert, shelter, celu to hide.]

Defn: One of an ancient race of people, who formerly inhabited a great part of Central and Western Europe, and whose descendants at the present day occupy Ireland, Wales, the Highlands of Scotland, and the northern shores of France. [Written also Kelt. The letter C was pronounced hard in Celtic languages.]

CELT
Celt, n. Etym: [LL. celts a chisel.] (Archæol.)

Defn: A weapon or implement of stone or metal, found in the tumuli, or barrows, of the early Celtic nations.

CELTIBERIAN
Celt`i*be"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Celtiber, Celtibericus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient Celtiberia (a district in Spain lying between the Ebro and the Tagus) or its inhabitants the Celtiberi (Celts of the river Iberus). — n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Celtiberia.

CELTIC
Celt"ic, a. Etym: [L. Celticus, Gr. Celt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Celts; as, Celtic people, tribes, literature, tongue. [Written also Keltic.]

CELTIC
Celt"ic, n.

Defn: The language of the Celts.

Note: The remains of the old Celtic language are found in the Gaelic, the Erse or Irish the Manx, and the Welsh and its cognate dialects Cornish and Bas Breton.

CELTICISM
Celt"i*cism, n.

Defn: A custom of the Celts, or an idiom of their language. Warton.

CELTICIZE
Celt"i*cize`, v. t.

Defn: To render Celtic; to assimilate to the Celts.

CELTIUM
Cel"ti*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed new element of the rare-earth group, accompanying lutecium and scandium in the gadolinite earths. Symbol, Ct (no period).

CEMBALO
Cem"ba*lo, n. Etym: [It. See Cymbal.]

Defn: An old mname for the harpsichord.

CEMENT Ce*ment", n. Etym: [OF. cement, ciment, F. ciment, fr. L. caementum a rough, unhewn stone, pieces or chips of marble, from which mortar was made, contr. fr. caedimentum, fr. caedere to cut, prob. akin to scindere to cleave, and to E. shed, v. t.]

1. Any substance used for making bodies adhere to each other, as mortar, glue, etc.

2. A kind of calcined limestone, or a calcined mixture of clay and lime, for making mortar which will harden under water.

3. The powder used in cementation. See Cementation, n.., 2.

4. Bond of union; that which unites firmly, as persons in friendship, or men in society. "The cement of our love."

5. (Anat.)

Defn: The layer of bone investing the root and neck of a tooth; — called also cementum. Hydraulic cement. See under Hydraulic.

CEMENT
Ce*ment", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cemented; p. pr. & vb. n. Cementing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. cimenter. See Cement, n.]

1. To unite or cause to adhere by means of a cement. Bp. Burnet.

2. To unite firmly or closely. Shak.

3. To overlay or coat with cement; as, to cement a cellar bottom.

CEMENT
Ce*ment", v. i.

Defn: To become cemented or firmly united; to cohere. S. Sharp.

CEMENTAL
Ce*ment"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cement, as of a tooth; as, cemental tubes.
R. Owen.

CEMENTATION
Cem`en*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or process of cementing.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A process which consists in surrounding a solid body with the powder of other substances, and heating the whole to a degree not sufficient to cause fusion, the physical properties of the body being changed by chemical combination with powder; thus iron becomes steel by cementation with charcoal, and green glass becomes porcelain by cementation with sand.

CEMENTATORY
Ce*ment"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Having the quality of cementating or uniting firmly.

CEMENTER
Ce*ment"er, n.

Defn: A person or thing that cements.

CEMENTITIOUS Cem`en*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. caementitius pertaining to quarry stones. See Cement, n. ]

Defn: Of the nature of cement. [R.] Forsyth.

CEMENT STEEL
Ce*ment" steel.

Defn: Steel produced by cementation; blister steel.

CEMETERIAL
Cem`e*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cemetery. "Cemeterial cells." [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

CEMETERY
Cem"e*ter*y, n.; pl. Cemeteries (. Etym: [L. cemeterium, Gr.

Defn: A place or ground set apart for the burial of the dead; a graveyard; a churchyard; a necropolis.

CENANTHY
Ce*nan"thy, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The absence or suppression of the essential organs (stamens and pistil) in a flower.

CENATION
Ce*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cenatio.]

Defn: Meal-taking; dining or supping. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CENATORY Cen"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. cenatorius, fr. cenare to dine, sup, fr. cena, coena, dinner, supper.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dinner or supper. [R.]
The Romans washed, were anointed, and wore a cenatory garment. Sir T.
Browne.

CENOBITE
Cen"o*bite, n. Etym: [L. coenobita, fr. Gr. cénobite.]

Defn: One of a religious order, dwelling in a convent, or a community, in opposition to an anchoret, or hermit, who lives in solitude. Gibbon.

CENOBITIC; CENOBITICAL
Cen`o*bit"ic, Cen`o*bit"ic*al a. Etym: [Cf. F. cénobitique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cenobite.

CENOBITISM
Cen"o*bi*tism, n.

Defn: The state of being a cenobite; the belief or practice of a cenobite. Milman.

CENOGAMY
Ce*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The state of a communty which permits promiseuous sexual intercourse among its members, as in certain societies practicing communism.

CENOTAPH
Cen"o*taph, n. Etym: [Gr. cénotaphe.]

Defn: An empty tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person who is buried elsewhere. Dryden. A cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. Macaulay.

CENOTAPHY
Cen"o*taph`y, n.

Defn: A cenotaph. [R.]
Lord Cobham honored him with a cenotaphy. Macaulay.

CENOZOIC
Ce`no*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Belonging to the most recent division of geological time, including the tertiary, or Age of mammals, and the Quaternary, or Age of man. [Written also cænozoic, cainozoic, kainozoic.] See Geology.

Note: This word is used by many authors as synonymous with Tertiary, the Quaternary Age not being included.

CENSE
Cense, n. Etym: [OF. cense, F. cens, L. census. See Census.]

1. A census; — also, a public rate or tax. [Obs.] Howell. Bacon.

2. Condition; rank. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CENSE
Cense, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Censed; p. pr. & vb. n. Censing.] Etym:
[Abbrev. from incense.]

Defn: To perfume with odors from burning gums and spices.
The Salii sing and cense his altars round. Dryden.

CENSE
Cense, v. i.

Defn: To burn or scatter incense.

CENSER
Cen"ser, n. Etym: [For incenser, fr. OF. encensier, F. encensoir, fr.
LL. incensarium, incensorium, fr. L. incensum incense. See Incense,
and cf. Incensory.]

Defn: A vessel for perfumes; esp. one in which incense is burned.

Note: The ecclesiastical censer is usually cup-shaped, has a cover pierced with holes, and is hung by chains. The censer bearer swings it to quicken the combustion. Her thoughts are like the fume of frankincense Which from a golden censer forth doth rise. Spenser.

CENSOR
Cen"sor, n. Etym: [L. censor, fr. censere to value, tax.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: One of two magistrates of Rome who took a register of the number and property of citizens, and who also exercised the office of inspector of morals and conduct.

2. One who is empowered to examine manuscripts before they are committed to the press, and to forbid their publication if they contain anything obnoxious; — an official in some European countries.

3. One given to fault-finding; a censurer. Nor can the most circumspect attention, or steady rectitude, escape blame from censors who have no inclination to approve. Rambler.

4. A critic; a reviewer. Received with caution by the censors of the press. W. Irving.

CENSORIAL
Cen*so"ri*al, a.

1. Belonging to a censor, or to the correction of public morals. Junius.

2. Full of censure; censorious. The censorial declamation of Juvenal. T. Warton.

CENSORIAN
Cen*so"ri*an, a.

Defn: Censorial. [R.] Bacon.

CENSORIOUS
Cen*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. censorius pertaining to the censor. See
Censor.]

1. Addicted to censure; apt to blame or condemn; severe in making remarks on others, or on their writings or manners. A dogmatical spirit inclines a man to be consorious of his neighbors. Watts.

2. Implying or expressing censure; as, censorious remarks.

Syn.
— Fault-finding; carping; caviling; captious; severe; condemnatory;
hypercritical.
— Cen*so"ri*ous*ly, adv.
— Cen*so"ri*ous*ness, n.

CENSORSHIP
Cen"sor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or power of a censor; as, to stand for a censorship.
Holland.
The press was not indeed at that moment under a general censorship.
Macaulay.

CENSUAL
Cen"su*al, a. Etym: [L. censualis, fr. census.]

Defn: Relating to, or containing, a census.
He caused the whole realm to be described in a censual roll. Sir R.
Baker.

CENSURABLE
Cen"sur*a*ble, a.

Defn: Deserving of censure; blamable; culpable; reprehensible; as, a
censurable person, or censurable conduct.
— Cen"sur*a*bleness, n.
— Cen"sur*a*bly, adv.

CENSURE
Cen"sure, n. Etym: [L. censura fr. censere: cf. F. censure. Cf.
Censor.]

1. Judgment either favorable or unfavorable; opinion. [Obs.] Take each man's censure, but reserve thy judgment. Shak.

2. The act of blaming or finding fault with and condemning as wrong; reprehension; blame. Both the censure and the praise were merited. Macaulay.

3. Judicial or ecclesiastical sentence or reprimand; condemnatory judgment. Excommunication or other censure of the church. Bp. Burnet.

Syn. — Blame; reproof; condemnation; reprobation; disapproval; disapprobation; reprehension; animadversion; reprimand; reflection; dispraise; abuse.

CENSURE
Cen"sure, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Censured; p. pr. & vb. n. Censuring.]
Etym: [Cf. F. ensurer.]

1. To form or express a judgment in regard to; to estimate; to judge. [Obs.] "Should I say more, you might well censure me a flatterer." Beau. & Fl.

2. To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame; to express disapprobation of. I may be censured that nature thus gives way to loyalty. Shak.

3. To condemn or reprimand by a judicial or ecclesiastical sentence. Shak.

Syn.
— To blame; reprove; rebuke; condemn; reprehend; reprimand.

CENSURE
Cen"sure, v. i.

Defn: To judge. [Obs.] Shak.

CENSURER
Cen"sur*er, n.

Defn: One who censures. Sha.

CENSUS
Cen"sus, n. Etym: [L. census, fr. censere. See Censor.]

1. (Bot. Antiq.)

Defn: A numbering of the people, and valuation of their estate, for the purpose of imposing taxes, etc.; — usually made once in five years.

2. An official registration of the number of the people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics of a country.

Note: A general census of the United States was first taken in 1790, and one has been taken at the end of every ten years since.

CENT
Cent, n. Etym: [F. cent hundred, L. centum. See Hundred.]

1. A hundred; as, ten per cent, the proportion of ten parts in a hundred.

2. A United States coin, the hundredth part of a dollar, formerly made of copper, now of copper, tin, and zinc.

3. An old game at cards, supposed to be like piquet; — so called because 100 points won the game. Nares.

CENTAGE
Cent"age, n.

Defn: Rate by the hundred; percentage.

CENTAL
Cen"tal, n. Etym: [L. centum a hundred.]

Defn: A weight of one hundred pounds avoirdupois; — called in many parts of the United States a Hundredweight.

CENTAL
Cen"tal, n.

Defn: Relating to a hundred. Cental system, the method of buying and selling by the cental, or hundredweight.

CENTARE
Cen"tare`, n. Etym: [F. centiare; centi- (L. centum) + -are.]

Defn: A measure of area, the hundredth part of an are; one square meter, or about 1

CENTAUR
Cen"taur, n. Etym: [L. centaurus, Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous being, represented as half man and half horse.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation in the southern heavens between Hydra and the
Southern Cross.

CENTAUREA
Cen`tau*re"a, n. Etym: [NL. See Centaury.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of composite plants, related to the thistles and including the cornflower or bluebottle (Centaurea Cyanus) and the star thistle (C. Calcitrapa).

CENTAUROMACHY
Cen`tau*rom"a*chy, n. [Gr. ; centaur + battle.] (Ancient Art)

Defn: A fight in which centaurs take part, — a common theme for relief sculpture, as in the Parthenon metopes.

CENTAURY
Cen"tau*ry, n. Etym: [L. centaureum and centauria, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A gentianaceous plant not fully identified. The name is usually given to the Erytheræa Centaurium and the Chlora perfoliata of Europe, but is also extended to the whole genus Sabbatia, and even to the unrelated Centaurea.

CENTENARIAN
Cen`te*na"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to a hundred years.
— n.

Defn: A person a hundred years old.

CENTENARY
Cen"te*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. centenarius, fr. centum a hundred.]

1. Relating to, or consisting of, a hundred.

2. Occurring once in every hundred years; centennial. "Centenary solemnities." Fuller.

CENTENARY
Cen"te*na*ry, n.; pl. Centenaries (.

1. The aggregate of a hundred single things; specifically, a century. "Every centenary of years." Hakewill.

2. A commemoration or celebration of an event which occurred a hudred years before.

CENTENNIAL
Cen*ten"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. centum a hundred + annus year.]

1. Relating to, or associated with, the commemoration of an event that happened a hundred years before; as, a centennial ode.

2. Happening once in a hundred years; as, centennial jubilee; a centennial celebration.

3. Lasting or aged a hundred years. Thet opened through long lines Of sacred ilex and centennial pines. Longfellow.

CENTENNIAL
Cen*ten"ni*al, n.

Defn: The celebration of the hundredth anniversary of any event; a centenary. [U. S.]

CENTENNIALLY
Cen*ten"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in a hundred years.

CENTENNIAL STATE
Centennial State.

Defn: Colorado; — a nickname alluding to the fact that it was admitted to the Union in the centennial year, 1876.

CENTER Cen"ter, n. Etym: [F. centre, fr. L. centrum, fr. round which a circle is described, fr.

1. A point equally distant from the extremities of a line, figure, or body, or from all parts of the circumference of a circle; the middle point or place.

2. The middle or central portion of anything.

3. A principal or important point of concentration; the nucleus around which things are gathered or to which they tend; an object of attention, action, or force; as, a center of attaction.

4. The earth. [Obs.] Shak.

5. Those members of a legislative assembly (as in France) who support the existing government. They sit in the middle of the legislative chamber, opposite the presiding officer, between the conservatives or monarchists, who sit on the right of the speaker, and the radicals or advanced republicans who occupy the seats on his left, See Right, and Left.

6. (Arch.)

Defn: A temporary structure upon which the materials of a vault or arch are supported in position util the work becomes self-supporting.

7. (Mech.) (a) One of the two conical steel pins, in a lathe, etc., upon which the work is held, and about which it revolves. (b) A conical recess, or indentation, in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.

Note: In a lathe the live center is in the spindle of the head stock; the dead center is on the tail stock. Planer centers are stocks carrying centers, when the object to be planed must be turned on its axis. Center of an army, the body or troops ossupying the place in the line between the wings. — Center of a curve or surface (Geom.) (a) A point such that every line drawn through the point and terminated by the curve or surface is bisected at the point. (b) The fixed point of reference in polar coördinates. See Coördinates. — Center of curvature of a curve (Geom.), the center of that circle which has at any given point of the curve closer contact with the curve than has any other circle whatever. See Circle. — Center of a fleet, the division or column between the van and rear, or between the weather division and the lee. — Center of gravity (Mech.), that point of a body about which all its parts can be balanced, or which being supported, the whole body will remain at rest, though acted upon by gravity. — Center of gyration (Mech.), that point in a rotating body at which the whole mass might be concentrated (theoretically) without altering the resistance of the intertia of the body to angular acceleration or retardaton. — Center of inertia (Mech.), the center of gravity of a body or system of bodies. — Center of motion, the point which remains at rest, while all the other parts of a body move round it. — Center of oscillation, the point at which, if the whole matter of a suspended body were collected, the time of oscillation would be the same as it is in the actual form and state of the body. — Center of percussion, that point in a body moving about a fixed axis at which it may strike an obstacle without communicating a shock to the axis. — Center of pressure (Hydros.), that point in a surface pressed by a fluid, at which, if a force equal to the whole pressure and in the same line be applied in a contrary direction, it will balance or counteract the whole pressure of the fluid.

CENTER; CENTRE Cen"ter, Cen"tre v. i. [imp. & p. p. Centered or Centred (; p. pr. & vb. n. Centering or Centring.]

1. To be placed in a center; to be central.

2. To be collected to a point; to be concentrated; to rest on, or gather about, as a center. Where there is no visible truth wherein to center, error is as wide as men's fancies. Dr. H. More. Our hopes must center in ourselves alone. Dryden.

CENTER; CENTRE
Cen"ter , Cen"tre, v. t.

1. To place or fix in the center or on a central point. Milton.

2. To collect to a point; to concentrate. Thy joys are centered all in me alome. Prior.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To form a recess or indentation for the reception of a center.

CENTERBIT; CENTREBIT
Cen"ter*bit`, Cen"tre*bit`, n.

Defn: An instrument turning on a center, for boring holes. See Bit, n., 3.

CENTERBOARD; CENTREBOARD
Cen"ter*board`, Cen"tre*board,, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A movable or sliding keel formed of a broad board or slab of wood or metal which may be raised into a water-tight case amidships, when in shallow water, or may be lowered to increase the area of lateral resistance and prevent leeway when the vessel is beating to windward. It is used in vessels of all sizes along the coast of the United States

CENTERFIRE CARTRIDGE
Cen"ter*fire` car"tridge.

Defn: See under Cartridge.

CENTERING
Cen"ter*ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Center, n., 6. [Written also centring.]

CENTERPIECE; CENTREPIECE
Cen"ter*piece`, Cen"tre*piece`, n.

Defn: An ornament to be placed in the center, as of a table, ceiling, atc.; a central article or figure.

CENTESIMAL Cen*tes"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. centesimus the hundredth, fr. centum a hundred: cf. F. centésimal.]

Defn: Hundredth.
— n.

Defn: A hundredth part.
The neglect of a few centesimals. Arbuthnot.

CENTESIMATION Cen*tes`i*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. centesimore to take out or select every hudredth, fr. centesimus hundredth.] (Mil.)

Defn: The infliction of the death penalty upon one person in every hundred, as in cases of mutiny.

CENTESIMO
Cen*tes"i*mo, n.; pl. -mi. Etym: [It. & Sp.]

Defn: A copper coin of Italy and Spain equivalent to a centime.

CENTESM
Cen"tesm, n. Etym: [L. centesima.]

Defn: Hundredth.

CENTIARE
Cen"ti*are`, n. Etym: [F. See Centare.]

Defn: See centare.

CENTICIPITOUS Cen`ti*cip"i*tous, a. Etym: [L. centiceps, -cipitis; centum a hunder + caput head.]

Defn: Hundred-headed.

CENTIFIDOUS
Cen*tif"i*dous, a. Etym: [L. centifidus; centum + findere to split.]

Defn: Divided into a hundred parts.

CENTIFOLIOUS
Cen`ti*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. centifolius; centum + folium leaf.]

Defn: Having a hundred leaves.

CENTIGRADE Cen"ti*grade, a. Etym: [L. centum a hundred + gradus degree: cf. F. centigrade.]

Defn: Consisting of a hundred degrees; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts. Spesifically: of or pertaining the centigrade thermometer; as, 10° centigrade (or 10° C.). Centigrade thermometer, a thermometer having the zero or 0 at the point indicating the freezing state of water, and the distance between that and the point indicating the boiling state of water divided into one hundred degrees. It is called also the Celsius thermometer, from Anders Celsius, the originator of this scale.

CENTIGRAM; CENTIGRAMME Cen"ti*gram, Cen"ti*gramme, n. Etym: [F. centigramme; centi- (L. centum) + gramme. See Gram.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a gram; a weight equal to .15432 of a grain. See Gram.

CENTILITER; CENTILITRE Cen"ti*li`ter, Cen"ti*li`tre, n. Etym: [F. centilitre; centi (L. centum) + litre. See Liter.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a liter; a measure of volume or capacity equal to a little more than six tenths (0.6102) of a cubic inch, or one third (0.338) of a fluid ounce.

CENTILOQUY
Cen*til"o*quy, n. Etym: [L. centum hundred + logui to speak.]

Defn: A work divided into a hundred parts. [R.] Burton.

CENTIME
Cen`time", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. centesimus. See Centesimal.] (F.
Coinage)

Defn: The hundredth part of a franc; a small French copper coin and money of account.

CENTIMETER; CENTIMETRE Cen"ti*me`ter, Cen"ti*me`tre, n. Etym: [F. centimètre; centi- (L. centum) + mètre. See Meter.]

Defn: The hundredth part of a meter; a measure of length equal to rather more than thirty-nine hundredths (0.3937) of an inch. See Meter.

CENTINEL
Cen"ti*nel, n.

Defn: Sentinel. [Obs.] Sackville.

CENTINODY Cen*tin"o*dy, n. Etym: [L. centum a hundred + nodus knot: cf. F. centinode.] (Bot.)

Defn: A weed with a sterm of many joints (Illecebrum verticillatum); also, the Polygonum aviculare or knotgrass.

CENTIPED Cen"ti*ped, n. Etym: [L. centipeda; centum a hundred + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. centipède.] (Zoöl.)