← Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Volume 2
Chapter 14
Chapter Chap"ter, v. t (part 7)
Defn: A recreant; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. See
Recreant, n.
King Henry. Is it fit this soldier keep his oath Fluellen.He is a
craven and a villain else. Shak.
Syn.
— Coward; poltroon; dastard.
CRAVEN
Cra"ven, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cravened (-v'nd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Cravening.]
Defn: To make recreant, weak, spiritless, or cowardly. [Obs.]
There is a prohibition so divine, That cravens my weak hand. Shak.
CRAVER
Crav"er (krv"r), n.
Defn: One who craves or begs.
CRAVING
Crav"ing (-ng), n.
Defn: Vehement or urgent desire; longing for; beseeching.
A succession of cravings and satiety. L'Estrange.
— Crav"ing*ly, adv.
— Crav"ing*ness, n.
CRAW Craw (kr), n. Etym: [Akin to D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen, Sw. kr craw, Dan. kro, and possibly to Gr.bronchus), or Crag neck.] (Zoöl.) (a) The crop of a bird. (b) The stomach of an animal.
CRAWFISH; CRAYFISH Craw"fish` (kr"fsh`), Cray"fish` (kr"fsh`), n.; pl. -fishes or -fish. Etym: [Corrupted fr. OE. crevis, creves, OF. crevice, F. , fr. OHG. krebiz crab, G. krebs. See Crab. The ending -fish arose from confusion with E. fish.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any crustacean of the family Astacidæ, resembling the lobster, but smaller, and found in fresh waters. Crawfishes are esteemed very delicate food both in Europe and America. The North American species are numerous and mostly belong to the genus Cambarus. The blind crawfish of the Mamoth Cave is Cambarus pellucidus. The common European species is Astacus fluviatilis.
CRAWFORD
Craw"ford (kr"frd), n.
Defn: A Crawford peach; a well-known freestone peach, wich yellow flesh, first raised by Mr. William Crawford, of New Jersey.
CRAWL Crawl (krl), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crawled (krld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crawling.] Etym: [Dan. kravle, or Icel. krafla, to paw, scrabble with the hands; akin to Sw. kr to crawl; cf. LG. krabbeln, D. krabbelen to scratch.]
1. To move slowly by drawing the body along the ground, as a worm; to move slowly on hands and kness; to creep. A worm finds what it searches after only by feeling, as it crawls from one thing to another. Grew.
2. Hence, to move or advance in a feeble, slow, or timorous manner. He was hardly able to crawl about the room. Arbuthnot. The meanest thing that crawl'd beneath my eyes. Byron.
3. To advance slowly and furtively; to insinuate one's self; to advance or gain influence by servile or obsequious conduct. Secretly crawling up the battered walls. Knolles. Hath crawled into the favor of the king. Shak. Absurd opinions crawl about the world. South.
4. To have a sensation as of insect creeping over the body; as, the flesh crawls. See Creep, v. i. ,7.
CRAWL
Crawl (krl), n.
Defn: The act or motion of crawling;
CRAWL
Crawl, n. Etym: [Cf. Kraal.]
Defn: A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the seacoast, for holding fish.
CRAWLER
Crawl"er (krl"r), n.
Defn: One who, or that which, crawls; a creeper; a reptile.
CRAWL STROKE
Crawl stroke. (Swimming)
Defn: A racing stroke, in which the swimmer, lying flat on the water with face submerged, takes alternate overhand arm strokes while moving his legs up and down alternately from the knee.
CRAWLY
Crawl"y (krl"), a.
Defn: Creepy. [Colloq.]
CRAY; CRAYER
Cray (kr), Cray"er (-r), n.
Defn: See Crare. [Obs.]
CRAYFISH
Cray"fish (kr"fsh), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Crawfish.
CRAYON
Cray"on (kr"n), n. Etym: [F., a crayon, a lead pencil (crayon Conté
Conté's pencil, i. e., one made a black compound invented by Conté),
fr. craie chalk, L. creta; said to be, properly, Cretan earth, fr.
Creta the island Crete. Cf. Cretaceous.]
1. An implement for drawing, made of clay and plumbago, or of some preparation of chalk, usually sold in small prisms or cylinders. Let no day pass over you . . . without giving some strokes of the pencil or the crayon. Dryden.
Note: The black crayon gives a deeper black than the lead pencil. This and the colored crayons are often called chalks. The red crayon is also called sanguine. See Chalk, and Sanguine.
2. A crayon drawing.
3. (Electricity)
Defn: A pencil of carbon used in producing electric light. Crayon board, cardboard with a surface prepared for crayon drawing. — Crayon drawing, the act or art of drawing with crayons; a drawing made with crayons.
CRAYON
Cray"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crayoned (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crayoning.] Etym: [Cf. F. crayonner.]
Defn: To sketch, as with a crayon; to sketch or plan. He soon afterwards composed that discourse, conformably to the plan which he had crayoned out. Malone.
CRAZE Craze (krz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crazed (krzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crazing.] Etym: [OE. crasen to break, fr. Scand., perh. through OF.; cf. Sw. krasa to crackle, sl, to break to pieces, F. to crush, fr. the Scand. Cf. Crash.]
1. To break into pieces; to crush; to grind to powder. See Crase. God, looking forth, will trouble all his host, And craze their chariot wheels. Milton.
2. To weaken; to impair; to render decrepit. [Obs.] Till length of years, And sedentary numbness, craze my limbs. Milton.
3. To derange the intellect of; to render insane. Any man . . . that is crazed and out of his wits. Tilloston. Grief hath crazed my wits. Shak.
CRAZE
Craze, v. i.
1. To be crazed, or to act or appear as She would weep and he would craze. Keats.
2. To crack, as the glazing of porcelain or pottery.
CRAZE
Craze, n.
1. Craziness; insanity.
2. A strong habitual desire or fancy; a crotchet. It was quite a craze with him [Burns] to have his Jean dressed genteelly. Prof. Wilson.
3. A temporary passion or infatuation, as for same new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; as, the bric-a-brac craze; the æsthetic craze. Various crazes concerning health and disease. W. Pater.
CRAZEDNESS
Craz"ed*ness (-d-ns), n.
Defn: A broken state; decrepitude; an impaired state of the intellect.
CRAZE-MILL; CRAZING-MILL
Craze"-mill` (krz"m*l`), Craz"ing-mill` (kr"zng-), n. Etym: [See 1st
Craze.]
Defn: A mill for grinding tin ore.
CRAZILY
Cra"zi*ly (kr*"z-l), adv.
Defn: In a crazy manner.
CRAZINESS
Cra"zi*ness, n.
1. The state of being broken down or weakened; as, the craziness of a ship, or of the limbs.
2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or weakness of intellect; derangement.
CRAZY
Cra"zy (kr"z), a. Etym: [From Craze.]
1. Characterized by weakness or feeblness; decrepit; broken; falling to decay; shaky; unsafe. Piles of mean andcrazy houses. Macualay. One of great riches, but a crazy constitution. Addison. They . . . got a crazy boat to carry them to the island. Jeffrey.
2. Broken, weakened, or dissordered in intellect; shattered; demented; deranged. Over moist and crazy brains. Hudibras.
3. Inordinately desirous; foolishly eager. [Colloq.] The girls were crazy to be introduced to him. R. B. Kimball. Crazy bone, the bony projection at the end of the elbow (olecranon), behind which passes the ulnar nerve; — so called on account of the curiously painful tingling felt, when, in a particular position, it receives a blow; — called also funny bone. — Crazy quilt, a bedquilt made of pieces of silk or other material of various sizes, shapes, and colors, fancifully stitched together without definite plan or arrangement.
CREABLE
Cre"a*ble (kr"-b'l), a. Etym: [L. creabilis, from creare to create.
See Create.]
Defn: Capable of being created. [Obs.] I. Watts.
CREAGHT
Creaght (krt), n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. graidh, graigh.]
Defn: A drove or herd. [Obs.] Haliwell.
CREAGHT
Creaght, v. i.
Defn: To graze. [Obs.] Sir. L. Davies.
CREAK
Creak (krk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Creaked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creaking.] Etym: [OE. creken, prob. of imitative origin; cf. E.
crack, and. D. kreiken to crackle, chirp.]
Defn: To make a prolonged sharp grating or ssqueaking sound, as by
the friction of hard substances; as, shoes creak.
The creaking locusts with my voice conspire. Dryden.
Doors upon their hinges creaked. Tennyson.
CREAK
Creak, v. t.
Defn: To produce a creaking sound with.
Creaking my shoes on the plain masonry. Shak.
CREAK
Creak (krk), n.
Defn: Thew sound produced by anuthing that creaks; a creaking. Roget.
CREAKING
CReak"ing, n.
Defn: A harsh grating or squeaking sound, or the act of making such a
sound.
Start not at the creaking of the door. Longfellow.
CREAM
Cream (krm), n. Etym: [F. cr, perh. fr. LL. crema cteam of milk; cf.
L. cremor thick juice or broth, perh. akin to cremare to burn.]
1. The rich, oily, and yellowish part of milk, which, when the milk stands unagitated, rises, and collects on the surface. It is the part of milk from which butter is obtained.
2. The part of any liquor that rises, and collects on the surface. [R.]
3. A delicacy of several kinds prepared for the table from cream, etc., or so as to resemble cream.
4. A cosmetic; a creamlike medicinal preparation. In vain she tries her paste and creams, To smooth her skin or hide its seams. Goldsmith.
5. The best or choicest part of a thing; the quintessence; as. the cream of a jest or story; the cream of a collection of books or pictures. Welcome, O flower and cream of knights errant. Shelton. Bavarian cream, a preparation of gelatin, cream, sugar, and eggs, whipped; — to be eaten cold. — Cold cream, an ointment made of white wax, almond oil, rose water, and borax, and used as a salve for the hands and lips. — Cream cheese, a kind of cheese made from curd from which the cream has not been taken off, or to which cream has been added. — Cream gauge, an instrument to test milk, being usually a graduated glass tube in which the milk is placed for the cream to rise. — Cream nut, the Brazil nut. — Cream of lime. (a) A scum of calcium carbonate which forms on a solution of milk of lime from the carbon dioxide of the air. (b) A thick creamy emulsion of lime in water. — Cream of tartar (Chem.), purified tartar or argol; so called because of the crust of crystals which forms on the surface of the liquor in the process of purification by recrystallization. It is a white crystalline substance, with a gritty acid taste, and is used very largely as an ingredient of baking powders; — called also potassium bitartrate, acid potassium tartrate, etc.
CREAM
Cream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creamed (krmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Creaming.]
1. To skim, or take off by skimming, as cream.
2. To take off the best or choicest part of.
3. To furnish with, or as with, cream. Creaming the fragrant cups. Mrs. Whitney. To cream butter (Cooking), to rub, stir, or beat, butter till it is of a light creamy consistency.
CREAM
Cream, v. i.
Defn: To form or become covered with cream; to become thick like cream; to assume the appearance of cream; hence, to grow stiff or formal; to mantle. There are a sort of men whose visages Do cream and mantle like a standing pool. Shak.
CREAMCAKE
Cream"cake` (-kk`), n. (Cookery)
Defn: A kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, eggs, etc.
CREAM-COLORED
Cream"-col`ored (-kl`rd), a.
Defn: Of the color of cream; light yellow. "Cream-colored horses."
Hazlitt.
CREAMERY
Cream"er*y (-r-), n.; pl. Creameries (-. Etym: [CF. F. cr.]
1. A place where butter and cheese are made, or where milk and cream are put up in cans for market.
2. A place or apparatus in which milk is set for raising cream.
3. An establishment where cream is sold.
CREAM-FACED
Cream"-faced` (krm"fst`), a.
Defn: White or pale, as the effect of fear, or as the natural
complexion.
Thou cream-faced loon. Shak.
CREAM-FRUIT
Cream"-fruit` (krm"frt`), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of Sierra Leone which yields a wholesome, creamy juice.
CREAMINESS
Cream"i*ness (—ns), n.
Defn: The quality of being creamy.
CREAM LAID
Cream" laid` (krm" ld`).
Defn: See under Laid.
CREAM-SLICE
Cream"-slice` (-sls`), n.
Defn: A wooden knife with a long thin blade, used in handling cream or ice cream.
CREAM-WHITE
Cream"-white` (-hwt`), a.
Defn: As white as cream.
CREAMY
Cream"y (krm"), a.
Defn: Full of, or containing, cream; resembling cream, in nature,
appearance, or taste; creamlike; unctuous. "Creamy bowis." Collins.
"Lines of creamy spray." Tennyson. "Your creamy words but cozen."
Beau & Fl.
CREANCE Cre"ance (kr"ans), n. Etym: [F. créance, lit., credence, fr. L. credere to trust. See Credence.]
1. Faith; belief; creed. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. (Falconry)
Defn: A fine, small line, fastened to a hawk's leash, when it is first lured.
CREANCE
Cre"ance (kr*"ans), v. i. & t.
Defn: To get on credit; to borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CREANT
Cre"ant (kr"ant), a. Etym: [L. creans, p. pr. of creare to create.]
Defn: Creative; formative. [R.] Mrs. Browning.
CREASE
Crease (krs), n.
Defn: See Creese. Tennison.
CREASE Crease, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. krus, G. krause, crispness, krausen, kr, to crisp, curl, lay on folds; or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Armor.kriz a wrinkle, crease, kriza to wrinkle, fold, W. crych a wrinkle, crychu to rumple, ripple, crease.]
1. A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, howewer produced.
2. (Cricket)
Defn: One of the lines serving to define the limits of the bowler and the striker. Bowling crease (Cricket), a line extending three feet four inches on each side of the central strings at right angles to the line between the wickets. — Return crease (Cricket), a short line at each end of the bowling crease and at right angles to it, extending toward the bowler. — Popping crease (Cricket),, a line drawn in front of the wicket, four feet distant from it, parallel to the bowling crease and at least as long as the latter. J. H. Walsh (Encyc. of Rural Sports).
CREASE
Crease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creased (krst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creasing.]
Defn: To make a crease or mark in, as by folding or doubling.
Creased, like dog's ears in a folio. Gray.
CREASER
Creas"er (krs"r), n.
1. A tool, or a sewing-mashine attachment, for making lines or creases on leather or cloth, as guides to sew by.
2. A tool for making creases or beads, as in sheet iron, or for rounding small tubes.
3. (Bookbinding)
Defn: A tool for making the band impression distinct on the back.
Knight.
CREASING
Creas"ing (krs"ng), n. (Arch.)
Defn: A layer of tiles forming a corona for a wall.
CREASOTE
Cre"a*sote (kr"-st), n.
Defn: See Creosote.
CREASY
Creas"y (krs"), a.
Defn: Full of creases. Tennyson.
CREAT Cre"at (kr"t), n. Etym: [F. cr, ultimateli fr. L. creatus created, begotten; cf. It. creato pupil, servant, Sp. criado a servant, client.] (Man.)
Defn: An usher to a riding master.
CREATABLE
Cre*at"a*ble (kr-"t-b'l), a.
Defn: That may be created.
CREATE Cre*ate" (kr-t"), a.Etym: [L. creatus, p. p. of creare to create; akin to Gr. k to make, and to E. ending -cracy in aristocracy, also to crescent, cereal.]
Defn: Created; composed; begotte. [Obs.]
Hearts create of duty and zeal. Shak.
CREATE
Cre*ate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Created;p. pr. & vb. n. Creating.]
1. To bring into being; to form out of nothing; to cause to exist. In the beginning, God created the heaven and the earth. Gen. i. 1.
2. To effect by the agency, and under the laws, of causation; to be the occasion of; to cause; to produce; to form or fashion; to renew. Your eye in Scotland Would create soldiers. Shak. Create in me a clean heart. Ps. li. 10.
3. To invest with a new form, office, or character; to constitute; to appoint; to make; as, to create one a peer. "I create you companions to our person." Shak.
CREATIC
Cre*at"ic (kr-t"k), a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Relating to, or produced by, flesh or animal food; as, creatic nausea. [Written also kreatic.]
CREATIN
Cre"a*tin (kr"-tn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous substance found abundantly in muscle tissue. [Written also kreatine.]
CREATININ
Cre*at"i*nin (kr-t"-nn), n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A white, crystalline, nitrogenous body closely related to creatin but more basic in its properties, formed from the latter by the action of acids, and occurring naturally in muscle tissue and in urine. [Written also kretinine.]
CREATION
Cre*a"tion (kr-A"shn), n. Etym: [L. creatio: cf. F. cr. See Create.]
1. The act of creating or causing to exist. Specifically, the act of bringing the universe or this world into existence. From the creation to the general doom. Shak. As when a new particle of matter dotn begin to exist, in rerum natura, which had before no being; and this we call creation. Locke.
2. That which is created; that which is produced or caused to exist, as the world or some original work of art or of the imagination; nature. We know that the whole creation groaneth. Rom. viii. 22. A dagger of the mind, a false creation. Shak. Choice pictures and creations of curious art. Beaconsfield.
3. The act of constituting or investing with a new character; appointment; formation. An Irish peer of recent creation. Landor.
CREATIONAL
Cre*a"tion*al (-al), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to creation.
CREATIONISM
Cre*a"tion*ism (-z'm), n.
Defn: The doctrine that a soul is specially created for each human being as soon as it is formed in the womb; — opposed to traducianism.
CREATIVE
Cre*a"tive (-tv), a.
Defn: Having the power to create; exerting the act of creation.
"Creative talent." W. Irving.
The creative force exists in the germ. Whewell.
CREATIVENESS
Cre*a"tive*ness, n.
Defn: The qualiyu of being creative.
CREATOR
Crea*"tor (kr-"tr), n. Etym: [L. creator: cf. F. cr.]
Defn: One who creates, produces, or constitutes. Specifically, the Supreme Being. To sin's rebuke and my Creater's praise. Shak. The poets and artists of Greece, who are at the same time its prophets, the creators of its divinities, and the revealers of its theological beliefs. Caird.
CREATORSHIP
Cre*a"tor*ship, n.
Defn: State or condition of a creator.
CREATRESS
Cre*a"tress, n. Etym: [L. creatrix: cf. F. cr.]
Defn: She who creates. Spenser.
CREATRIX
Cre*a"trix (-trks), n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A creatress. [R.]
CREATURAL
Crea"tur*al (kr"tr-al; 135), a.
Defn: Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a creature.
[R.]
CREATURE
Crea"ture (kr"tr; 135), n. Etym: [F. cr, L. creatura. See Create.]
1. Anything created; anything not self-existent; especially, any being created with life; an animal; a man. He asked water, a creature so common and needful that it was against the law of nature to deny him. Fuller. God's first creature was light. Bacon. On earth, join, all ye creatures, to extol Him first, him last, him midst, and without end. Milton. And most attractive is the fair result Of thought, the creature of a polished mind. Cowper.
2. A human being, in pity, contempt, or endearment; as, a poor creature; a pretty creature. The world hath not a sweeter creature. Shak.
3. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another; a servile dependent; an instrument; a tool. A creature of the queen's, Lady Anne Bullen. Shak. Both Charles himself and his creature, Laud. Macualay.
4. A general term among farmers for horses, oxen, etc. Creature comforts, those which minister to the comfort of the body.
CREATURELESS
Crea"ture*less, a.
Defn: Without created beings; alone.
God was alone And creatureless at first. Donne.
CREATURELY
Crea"ture*ly, a.
Defn: Creatural; characteristic of a creature. [R.] "Creaturely faculties." Cheyne.
CREATURESHIP
Crea"ture*ship, n.
Defn: The condition of being a creature.
CREATURIZE
Crea"tur*ize (-z), v. t.
Defn: To make like a creature; to degrade [Obs.]
Degrade and creaturize that mundane soul. Cudworth.
CREAZE
Creaze (krz), n. (Mining)
Defn: The tin ore which collects in the central part of the washing pit or buddle.
CREBRICOSTATE Cre`bri*cos"tate (kr`br-ks"tt), a. Etym: [L. creber close + costa rib.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Marked with closely set ribs or ridges.
CREBRISULCATE Cre`bri*sul"cate (kr`br-sl"kt), a. Etym: [L. creber close + sulcus furrow.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Marked with closely set transverse furrows.
CREBRITUDE
Creb"ri*tude (krb"r-td), n. Etym: [L. crebritudo, fr. creber close.]
Defn: Frequency. [Obs.] Bailey.
CREBROUS
Cre"brous (kr"brs), a. Etym: [L. creber close set, frequent.]
Defn: Frequent; numerous. [Obs.] Goodwin.
CRECHE
Creche (krsh), n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A public nursery, where the young children of poor women are cared for during the day, while their mothers are at work.
CREDENCE Cre"dence (kr"dens), n. Etym: [LL. credentia, fr. L. credens, -entis, p. pr. of credere to trust, believe: cf. OF. credence. See Creed, and cf. Credent, Creance.]
1. Reliance of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sources than personal knowledge; belief; credit; confidence. To give credence to the Scripture miracles. Trench. An assertion which might easily find credence. Macualay.
2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief, or confidence; as, a letter of credence.
3. (Eccl.)
Defn: The small table by the side of the altar or communion table, on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.
4. A cupboard, sideboard, or cabinet, particularly one intended for the display of rich vessels or plate, and consisting chiefly of open shelves for that purpose.
CREDENCE
Cre"dence, v. t.
Defn: To give credence to; to believe. [Obs.]
CREDENDUM Cre*den"dum (kr-dn"dm), n.;pl. Credenda (-d. Etym: [L., fr. credere to belive.] (Theol.)
Defn: A thing to be believed; an article of faith; — distinguished from agendum, a practical duty. The great articles and credenda of Christianity. South.
CREDENT Cre"dent (kr"dent), a. Etym: [. credens, -entis, p. pr. of credere to trust, believe. See Creed.]
1. Believing; giving credence; credulous. [R.] If with too credent esr you list songs. Shak.
2. Having credit or authority; credible. [Obs.] For my authority bears of a credent bulk. Shak.
CREDENTIAL Cre*den"tial (kr-dn"shal), a. Etym: [Cf. It. credenziale, fr. LL. credentia. See Credence.]
Defn: Giving a title or claim to credit or confidence; accrediting.
Their credential letters on both sides. Camden.
CREDENTIAL
Cre*den"tial, n. Etym: [Cf. It. credenziale.]
1. That which gives a title to credit or confidence.
2. pl.
Defn: Testimonials showing that a person is entitled to credit, or has right to exercise official power, as the letters given by a government to an ambassador or envoy, or a certificate that one is a duly elected delegate. The committee of estates excepted against the credentials of the English commissioners. Whitelocke. Had they not shown undoubted credentials from the Divine Person who sent them on such a message. Addison.
CREDIBILITY
Cred`i*bil"i*ty (krd`-bl"-t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cr.]
Defn: The quality of being credible; credibleness; as, the credibility of facts; the credibility of witnesses.
CREDIBLE
Cred"i*ble (krd"-b'l), a. Etym: [L. credibilis, fr. credere. See
Creed.]
Defn: Capable of being credited or believed; worthy of belief; entiled to confidence; trustworthy. Things are made credible either by the known condition and quality of the utterer or by the manifest likelihood of truth in themselves. Hooker. A very diligent and observing person, and likewise very sober and credible. Dampier.
CREDIBLENESS
Cred"i*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being credible; worthness of belief; credibility. [R.] Boyle.
CREDIBLY
Cred"i*bly, adv.
Defn: In a manner inducing belief; as, I have been credibly informed of the event.
CREDIT
Cred"it (krd"t), n. Etym: [F. cr (cf. It. credito), L. creditum loan,
prop. neut. of creditus, p. p. of credere to trust, loan, believe.
See Creed.]
1. Reliance on the truth of something said or done; belief; faith; trust; confidence. When Jonathan and the people heard these words they gave no credit into them, nor received them. 1 Macc. x. 46.
2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others; esteem; honor; good name; estimation. John Gilpin was a citizen Of credit and renown. Cowper.
3. A ground of, or title to, belief or confidence; authority derived from character or reputation. The things which we properly believe, be only such as are received on the credit of divine testimony. Hooker.
4. That which tends to procure, or add to, reputation or esteem; an honor. I published, because I was told I might please such as it was a credit to please. Pope.
5. Influence derived from the good opinion, confidence, or favor of
others; interest.
Having credit enough with his master to provide for his own interest.
Clarendon.
6. (Com.)
Defn: Trust given or received; expectation of future playment for property transferred, or of fulfillment or promises given; mercantile reputation entitling one to be trusted; — applied to individuals, corporations, communities, or nations; as, to buy goods on credit. Credit is nothing but the expectation of money, within some limited time. Locke.
7. The time given for payment for lands or goods sold on trust; as, a long credit or a short credit.
8. (Bookkeeping)
Defn: The side of an account on which are entered all items reckoned as values received from the party or the category named at the head of the account; also, any one, or the sum, of these items; — the opposite of debit; as, this sum is carried to one's credit, and that to his debit; A has several credits on the books of B. Bank credit, or Cash credit. See under Cash. — Bill of credit. See under Bill. — Letter of credit, a letter or notification addressed by a banker to his correspondent, informing him that the person named therein is entitled to draw a certain sum of money; when addressed to several different correspondents, or when the money can be drawn in fractional sums in several different places, it is called a circular letter of credit. — Public credit. (a) The reputation of, or general confidence in, the ability or readiness of a government to fulfull its pecuniary engagements. (b) The ability and fidelity of merchants or others who owe largely in a community. He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. D. Webster.
CREDIT
Cred"it (krd"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Credited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crediting.]
1. To confide in the truth of; to give credence to; to put trust in; to believe. How shall they credit A poor unlearned virgin Shak.
2. To bring honor or repute upon; to do credit to; to raise the estimation of. You credit the church as much by your government as you did the school formerly by your wit. South.
3. (Bookkeeping)
Defn: To enter upon the credit side of an account; to give credit for; as, to credit the amount paid; to set to the credit of; as, to credit a man with the interest paid on a bond. To credit with, to give credit for; to assign as justly due to any one. Crove, Helmholtz, and Meyer, are more than any others to be credited with the clear enunciation of this doctrine. Newman.
CREDITABLE
Cred"it*a*ble (—b'l), a.
1. Worthy of belief. [Obs.] Divers creditable witnesses deposed. Ludlow.
2. Deserving or possessing reputation or esteem; reputable; estimable. This gentleman was born of creditable parents. Goldsmith.
3. Bringing credit, reputation, or honor; honorable; as, such conduct is highly creditable to him. Macualay. He settled him in a good creditable way of living. Arbuthnot.
CREDITABLENESS
Cred"it*a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being creditable.
CREDITABLY
Cred"it*a*bly (—bl), adv.
Defn: In a creditable manner; reputably; with credit.
CREDIT FONCIER Cre`dit" fon`cier" (krd" fn`s"). Etym: [F. cr credit & foncier relating to land, landed.]
Defn: A company licensed for the purpose of carrying out improvements, by means of loans and advances upon real securities. ]
CREDIT MOBILIER Cre`dit" mo`bi`lier" (m`b`ly"). Etym: [F. cr credit & mobilier personal, pertaining to personal property.]
Defn: A joint stock company, formed for general banking business, or for the construction of public works, by means of loans on personal estate, after the manner of the crédit foncier on real estate. In practice, however, this distinction has not been strictly observed.
CREDITOR
Cred"it*or (krd"t-r), n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. cr. See Credit.]
1. One who credits, believes, or trusts. The easy creditors of novelties. Daniel.
2. One who gives credit in business matters; hence, one to whom money is due; — correlative to debtor. Creditors have better memories than debtors. Franklin.
CREDITRESS; CREDITRIX Cred"it*ress (krd"t-rs), Cred"i*trix (krd"-trks), n. Etym: [L. creditrix.]
Defn: A female creditor.
CREDO
Cre"do (kr"d), n. Etym: [L. See Creed.]
Defn: The creed, as sung or read in the Roman Catholic church.
He repeated Aves and Credos. Macualay.
CREDULITY
Cre*du"li*ty (kr-d"l-t), n. Etym: [L. credulitas, fr. credulus: cf.
F. cr. See Credulous.]
Defn: Readiness of belief; a disposition to believe on slight
evidence.
That implict credulity is the mark of a feeble mind will not be
disputed. Sir W. Hamilton.
CREDULOUS
Cred"u*lous (krd"-ls; 135), a. Etym: [L. credulus, fr. credere. See
Creed.]
1. Apt to believe on slight evidence; easly imposed upon; unsuspecting. Landor. Eve, our credulous mother. Milton.
2. Believed too readily. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.
CREDULOUSLY
Cred"u*lous*ly, adv.
Defn: With credulity.
CREDULOUSNESS
Cred"u*lous*ness, n.
Defn: Readiness to believe on slight evidence; credulity.
Beyond all credulity is the credulousness of atheists. S. Clarke.
CREED Creed (krd), n. Etym: [OE. credo, crede, AS. creda, fr. L. credo I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles' creed, fr. credere to believe; akin to OIr. cretin I believe, and Skr. ; crat trust + dh to put. See Do, v. t., and cf. Credo, Grant.]
1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive. In the Protestant system the creed is not coördinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to.
I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed. Shak.
Apostles' creed, Athanasian creed, Nicene creed. See under Apostle,
Athanasian, Nicene.
CREED
Creed, v. t.
Defn: To believe; to credit. [Obs.]
That part which is so creeded by the people. Milton.
CREEDLESS
Creed"less, a.
Defn: Without a creed. Carlyle.
CREEK
Creek (krk), n. Etym: [AS. crecca; akin to D. kreek, Icel. kriki
crack, nook; cf. W. crig crack, crigyll ravine, creek. Cf. Crick,
Crook.]
1. A small inlet or bay, narrower and extending further into the land than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river. Each creek and cavern of the dangerous shore. Cowper. They discovered a certain creek, with a shore. Acts xxvii. 39.
2. A stream of water smaller than a river and larger than a brook. Lesser streams and rivulets are denominated creeks. Goldsmith.
3. Any turn or winding. The passages of alleys, creeks, and narrow lands. Shak.
CREEKFISH
Creek"fish (krk"fsh), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The chub sucker.
CREEKS
Creeks (krks), n. pl.; sing. Creek. (Ethnol.)
Defn: A tribe or confederacy of North American Indians, including the Muskogees, Seminoles, Uchees, and other subordinate tribes. They formerly inhabited Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.
CREEKY
Creek"y (krk"), a.
Defn: Containing, or abounding in, creeks; characterized by creeks; like a creek; winding. "The creeky shore." Spenser.
CREEL
Creel (krl), n. Etym: [Gael. craidhleag basket, creel.]
1. An osier basket, such as anglers use. Sir W. Scott.
2. (Spinning)
Defn: A bar or set of bars with skewers for holding paying-off bobbins, as in the roving machine, throstle, and mule.
CREEP Creep (krp), v. t. [imp. Crept (krpt) (Crope (kr, Obs.); p. p. Crept; p. pr. & vb. n. Creeping.] Etym: [OE. crepen, creopen, AS. cre; akin to D. kruipen, G. kriechen, Icel. krjupa, Sw. krypa, Dan. krybe. Cf. Cripple, Crouch.]
1. To move along the ground, or on any other surface, on the belly, as a worm or reptile; to move as a child on the hands and knees; to crawl. Ye that walk The earth, and stately tread, or lowly creep. Milton.
2. To move slowly, feebly, or timorously, as from unwillingness,
fear, or weakness.
The whining schoolboy . . . creeping, like snail, Unwillingly to
school. Shak.
Like guilty thing, Icreep. Tennyson.
3. To move in a stealthy or secret manner; to move imperceptibly or clandestinely; to steal in; to insinuate itself or one's self; as, age creeps upon us. The sothistry which creeps into most of the books of argument. Locke. Of this sort are they which creep into houses, and lead captive silly women. 2. Tim. iii. 6.
4. To slip, or to become slightly displaced; as, the collodion on a negative, or a coat of varnish, may creep in drying; the quicksilver on a mirror may creep.
5. To move or behave with servility or exaggerated humility; to fawn; as, a creeping sycophant. To come as humbly as they used to creep. Shak.
6. To grow, as a vine, clinging to the ground or to some other support by means of roots or rootlets, or by tendrils, along its length. "Creeping vines." Dryden.
7. To have a sensation as of insects creeping on the skin of the body; to crawl; as, the sight made my flesh creep. See Crawl, v. i.,4.
8. To drag in deep water with creepers, as for recovering a submarine cable.
CREEP
Creep, n.
1. The act or process of creeping.
2. A distressing sensation, or sound, like that occasioned by the creeping of insects. A creep of undefinable horror. Blackwood's Mag. Out of the stillness, with gathering creep, Like rising wind in leaves. Lowell.
3. (Mining)
Defn: A slow rising of the floor of a gallery, occasioned by the pressure of incumbent strata upon the pillars or sides; a gradual movement of mining ground.
CREEPER
Creep"er (krp"r), n.
1. One who, or that which, creeps; any creeping thing. Standing waters are most unwholesome, . . . full of mites,creepers; slimy, muddy, unclean. Burton.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant that clings by rootlets, or by tendrils, to the ground, or to trees, etc.; as, the Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia).
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small bird of the genus Certhia, allied to the wrens. The brown or common European creeper is C. familiaris, a variety of which (var. Americana) inhabits America; — called also tree creeper and creeptree. The American black and white creeper is Mniotilta varia.
4. A kind of patten mounted on short pieces of iron instead of rings; also, a fixture with iron points worn on a shoe to prevent one from slipping.
5. pl.
Defn: A spurlike device strapped to the boot, which enables one to climb a tree or pole; — called often telegraph creepers.
6. A small, low iron, or dog, between the andirons.
7. pl.
Defn: An instrument with iron hooks or claws for dragging at the bottom of a well, or any other body of water, and bringing up what may lie there.
8. Any device for causing material to move steadily from one part of a machine to another, as an apron in a carding machine, or an inner spiral in a grain screen.
9. pl. (Arch.)
Defn: Crockets. See Crocket.
CREEPHOLE
Creep"hole` (-hl`), n.
1. A hole or retreat onto which an animal may creep, to escape notice or danger.
2. A subterfuge; an excuse.
CREEPIE
Creep"ie (-), n.
Defn: A low stool. [Scot.]
CREEPINESS
Creep"i*ness (—ns), n.
Defn: An uneasy sensation as of insects creeping on the skin.
She felt a curious, uneasy creepiness. Mrs. Alexander.
CREEPING
Creep"ing, a.
1. Crawling, or moving close to the ground. "Every creeping thing." Gen. vi. 20.
2. Growing along, and clinging to, the ground, or to a wall, etc., by means of rootlets or tendrils. Casements lined with creeping herbs. Cowper. Ceeping crowfoot (Bot.), a plant, the Ranunculus repens.- Creeping snowberry, an American plant (Chiogenes hispidula) with white berries and very small round leaves having the flavor of wintergreen.
CREEPING CHARLIE
Creep"ing Char"lie.
Defn: The stonecrop (Sedum acre).
CREEPINGLY
Creep"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: by creeping slowly; in the manner of a reptile; insidiously;
cunningly.
How slily and creepingly did he address himself to our first parents.
South.
CREEPLE
Cree"ple (kr"p'l), n. Etym: [See Cripple.]
1. A creeping creature; a reptile. [Obs.] There is one creeping beast, or long creeple (as the name is in Devonshire), that hath a rattle at his tail that doth discover his age. Morton (1632).
2. One who is lame; a cripple. [Obs.] Thou knowest how lame a creeple this world is. Donne.
CREEPY
Creep"y (krp"), a.
Defn: Crawly; having or producing a sensation like that caused by insects creeping on the skin. [Colloq.] One's whole blood grew curdling and creepy. R. Browning.
CREES
Crees (krz), n. pl.; sing. Cree. (Ethnol.)
Defn: An Algonquin tribe of Indians, inhabiting a large part of
British America east of the Rocky Mountains and south of Hudson's
Bay.
CREESE
Creese (krs), n. Etym: [Malay. kris.]
Defn: A dagger or short sword used by the Malays, commonly having a serpentine blade. [Written also crease and kris.] From a Malayan creese to a sailor's jackknife. Julian Hawthorne.
CREMAILLERE
Cré`mail`lère" (kr`m`lyr" or -m`yr"), n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)
Defn: An indented or zigzaged line of intrenchment.
CREMASTER
Cre*mas"ter (kr-ms"tr), n. Etym: [NL., from Gr.
1. (Anat.)
Defn: A thin muscle which serves to draw up the testicle.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The apex of the last abdominal segment of an insect.
CREMASTERIC
Crem`as*ter"ic (krm`3s-tr"k), a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the cremaster; as, the cremasteric artery.
CREMATE Cre"mate (kr"mt or kr-mt"), v. t. Etym: [L. crematus, p. p. of cremare to burn; cf. Skr. cr to cook.]
Defn: To burn; to reduce to ashes by the action of fire, either directly or in an oven or retort; to incremate or incinerate; as, to cremate a corpse, instead of burying it.
CREMATION
Cre*ma"tion (kr-m"shn), n. Etym: [L. crematio.]
Defn: A burning; esp., the act or practice of cremating the dead.
Without cremation . . . of their bodies. Sir T. Browne.
CREMATIONIST
Cre*ma"tion*ist, n.
Defn: One who advocates the practice of cremation.
CREMATOR
Cre*ma"tor (-tr), n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: One who, or that which, cremmates or consumes to ashes.
CREMATORIUM; CREMATORY
Crem`a*to"ri*um (krm`-t"r-m), Crem"a*to*ry (krm"-t-r), n.; pl.
Crematoriums (-Crematories (-r. Etym: [NL. crematorium, fr. L.
cremator.]
Defn: A furnace for cremating corpses; a building containing such a furnace.
CREMATORY
Crem"a*to*ry, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or employed in, cremation.
CREME
Crême, n. [F.]
Defn: Cream; — a term used esp. in cookery, names of liqueurs, etc.
CREMOCARP
Crem"o*carp (krm"-krp or kr"m-), n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: The peculiar fruit of fennel, carrott, parsnip, and the like, consisting of a pair of carpels pendent from a supporting axis.
CREMONA
Cre*mo"na (kr-m"n), n.
Defn: A superior kind of violin, formerly made at Cremona, in Italy.
CREMOR
Cre"mor (kr"mr), n. Etym: [L. CF. Cream.]
Defn: Cream; a substance resembling cream; yeast; scum.
CREMOSIN
Crem"o*sin (krm"-sn), n.
Defn: See Crimson. [Obs.]
CREMS
Crems (krmz), n.
Defn: See Krems.
CRENATE; CRENATED
Cre"nate (krnt), Cre"na*ted (kr"n-td), a. Etym: [L. crena notch. See
Cranny.] (Bot.)
Defn: Having the margin cut into rounded teeth notches, or scallops.
CRENATION
Cre*na"tion (kr-n"shn), n.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A rounded tooth on the edge of a leaf.
2. The condition of being crenate.
CRENATURE
Cren"a*ture (krn"-tr or kr"n-; 135), n.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A rounded tooth or notch of a crenate leaf, or any part that is crenate; — called also crenelle.
2. The state of being crenated or notched.
CRENEL
Cre*nel" (kr-nl"), n.
Defn: See Crenelle.
CRENELATE Cren"el*ate (krn"l-t or kr"nl-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crenelated (- `td); p. pr. & vb. n. Crenelating (-`tng).] Etym: [LL. crenellare, kernellare: cf. F. cr to indent. See Crenelle.] [Written also crenellate.]
1. To furnish with crenelles.
2. To indent; to notch; as, a crenelated leaf. Crenelated molding (Arch.), a kind of indented molding used in Norman buildings.
CRENELATION
Cren`el*a"tion (-"shn), n.
Defn: The act of crenelating, or the state of being crenelated; an indentation or an embrasure. [Written also crenellation.]
CRENELLE; CRENEL Cre*nelle", Cre*nel" (kr-nl"), n. Etym: [OF. crenel, F. cr, LL. crenellus, kernellus, dim. (prob.) fr. L. crena notch. See Crenny.]
1. An embrasure or indentation in a battlement; a loophole in a fortress; an indentation; a notch. See Merlon, and Illust. of Battlement.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Crenature.
CRENELLED
Cre*nelled" (kr a. (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Crenate.
CRENGLE; CRENKLE
Cren"gle (krn"g'l), Cren"kle (-k'l), n.
Defn: See Cringle.
CRENULATE; CRENULATED Cren"u*late (krn"-lt), Cren"u*la`ted (-l`td), a. Etym: [Dim. of crenate.] (Bot.)
Defn: Minutely crenate.
CRENULATION
Cren`u*la"tion (-l"shn), n.
1. A minute crenation.
2. The state of being minutely scalloped.
CREOLE Cre"ole (kr"l), n. Etym: [F. cr, Sp. criollo, from an American negro word, perh. a corruption of a Sp. criadillo, dim. of criado servant, formerly also, child, fr. L. creatus, p. p. of creare to create. Cf. Create.]
Defn: One born of European parents in the American colonies of France or Spain or in the States which were once such colonies, esp. a person of French or Spanish descent, who is a native inhabitant of Louisiana, or one of the States adjoining, bordering on the Gulf of of Mexico.
Note: "The term creole negro is employed in the English West Indies to distinguish the negroes born there from the Africans imported during the time of the slave trade. The application of this term to the colored people has led to an idea common in some parts of the United States, though wholly unfounded, that it implies an admixture greater or less of African blood." R. Hildreth.
Note: "The title [Creole] did not first belong to the descendants of Spanish, but of French, settlers, But such a meaning implied a certain excellence of origin, and so came early to include any native of French or Spanish descent by either parent, whose nonalliance with the slave race entitled him to social rank. Later, the term was adopted by, not conceded to, the natives of mixed blood, and is still so used among themselves. . . . Besides French and Spanish, there are even, for convenience of speech, 'colored' Creoles; but there are no Italian, or Sicilian, nor any English, Scotch, Irish, or 'Yankee' Creoles, unless of parentage married into, and themselves thoroughly proselyted in, Creole society." G. W. Cable.
CREOLE
Cre"ole (kr"l), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a Creole or the Creoles.
Note: In New Orleans the word Creole is applied to any product, or variety of manufacture, peculiar to Louisiana; as, Creole ponies, chickens, cows, shoes, eggs, wagons, baskets, etc.
CREOLEAN; CREOLIAN
Cre*o"le*an (kr-"l-an), Cre*o"li*an, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, the Creoles.
— n.
Defn: A Creole.
CREOLE STATE
Creole State.
Defn: Louisiana; — a nickname. See Creole, n. & a.
CREOSOL
Cre"o*sol (kr"-sl), n. Etym: [Cresote + phenol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless liquid resembling phenol or carbolic acid, homologous with pyrocatechin, and obtained from beechwood tar and gum guaiacum. [Written also creasol.]
CREOSOTE
Cre"o*sote (kr"-st), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: Wood-tar oil; an oily antiseptic liquid, of a burning smoky taste, colorless when pure, but usually colored yellow or brown by impurity or exposure. It is a complex mixture of various phenols and their ethers, and is obtained by the distillation of wood tar, especially that of beechwood.
Note: It is remarkable as an antiseptic and deodorizer in the preservation of wood, flesh, etc., and in the prevention of putrefaction; but it is a poor germicide, and in this respect has been overrated. Smoked meat, as ham, owes its preservation and taste to a small quantity of creosote absorbed from the smoke to which it is exposed. Carbolic acid is phenol proper, while creosote is a mixture of several phenols. Coal-tar creosote (Chem.), a colorless or yellow, oily liquid, obtained in the distillation of coal tar, and resembling wood-tar oil, or creosote proper, in composition and properties.
CREOSOTE
Cre"o*sote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Creosoted (-s"td); p. pr. & vb. n.
Creosoting.]
Defn: To saturate or impregnate with creosote, as timber, for the prevention of decay.
CREOSOTE BUSH
Cre"o*sote bush.
Defn: A shrub (Covillea mexicana) found in desert regions from Colorado to California and southward through Mexico. It has yellow flowers and very resinous foliage with a strong odor of creosote.
CREPANCE; CREPANE Cre"pance (kr"pans), Cre"pane (kr"pn), n. Etym: [Cf. L. crepare to crack.] (Far.)
Defn: An injury in a horse's leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot striking and cutting the other leg. It sometimes forms an ulcer.
CREPE
Crêpe (krp), n.
Defn: Same as Crape.
CREPITANT
Crep"i*tant (krp"-tant), a. Etym: [See Crepitate.]
Defn: Having a crackling sound; crackling; rattling. Crepitant rale (Med.), a peculiar crackling sound audible with inspiration in pneumonia and other lung disease.
CREPITATE
Crep"i*tate (kr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crepitated (-t; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crepitating (-t.] Etym: [L. crepitatus, p. p. of crepitare to
crackle, v. intensive of crepare to crack. Cf. Crevice.]
Defn: To make a series of small, sharp, rapidly repeated explosions or sounds, as salt in fire; to crackle; to snap.
CREPITATION
Crep`i*ta"tion (krp`-t"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. crépitation.]
1. The act of crepitating or crackling.
2. (Med.) (a) A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon cellular tissue containing air. (b) A crepitant râle.
CREPITUS Crep"i*tus (krp"-ts), n. Etym: [L., fr. crepare to crack.] (Med.) (a) The noise produced bu a sudden discharge of wind from the bowels. (b) Same as Crepitation, 2.
CREPON
Cre"pon (kr"pn; F. kr`pn"), n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A thin stuff made of the finest wool or silk, or of wool and silk.
CREPT
Crept (krpt),
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Creep.
CREPUSCLE; CREPUSCULE Cre*pus"cle (kr-ps"s'l), Cre*pus"cule (kr-ps"kl), n. Etym: [L. crepusculum, fr. creper dusky, dark: cf. F. cr.]
Defn: Twilight. Bailey.
CREPUSCULAR; CREPUSCULOUS
Cre*pus"cu*lar (-k-lr), Cre*pus"cu*lous (-ls), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cr.]
1. Pertaining to twilight; glimmering; hence, imperfectly clear or luminous. This semihistorical and crepuscular period. Sir G. C. Lewis.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Flying in the twilight or evening, or before sunrise; — said
certain birds and insects.
Others feed only in the twilight, as bats and owls, and are called
crepuscular. Whewell.
CREPUSCULINE
Cre*pus"cu*line, a.
Defn: Crepuscular. [Obs.] Sprat.
CRESCENCE
Cres"cence (krs"sens), n. Etym: [See Crescent.]
Defn: Increase; enlargement. [Obs.]
And toward the moon's attractive crescence bend. H. Brooke.
CRESCENDO Cres*cen"do (krs-sn"d; It. kr-shn"d), a. & adv. Etym: [It., from crescere to increase. See Crescent.] (Mus.)
Defn: With a constantly increasing volume of voice; with gradually increasing strength and fullness of tone; — a direction for the performance of music, indicated by the mark, or by writing the word on the score.
CRESCENDO Cres*cen"do, n. (Mus.) (a) A gradual increase in the strength and fullness of tone with which a passage is performed. (b) A pssage to be performed with constantly increasing volume of tone.
CRESCENT Cres"cent (krs"sent), n. Etym: [OE. cressent, cressaunt, crescent (in sense 1), OF. creissant increasing, F. croissant, p. pr. of cro, OF. creistre, fr. L. crescere to increase, v. incho.; akin to creare to create. See Create, and cf. Accrue, Increase, Crescendo.]
1. The increasing moon; the moon in her first quarter, or when defined by a concave and a convex edge; also, applied improperly to the old or decreasing moon in a like state.
2. Anything having the shape of a crescent or new moon.
3. A representation of the increasing moon, often used as an emblem or badge; as: (a) A symbol of Artemis, or Diana. (b) The ancient symbol of Byzantium or Constantinople. Hence: (c) The emblem of the Turkish Empire, adopted after the taking of Constantinople. The cross of our faith is replanted, The pale, dying crescent is daunted. Campbell.
4. Any one of three orders of knighthood; the first instituted by Charles I., king of Naples and Sicily, in 1268; the second by René of Anjou, in 1448; and the third by the Sultan Selim III., in 1801, to be conferred upon foreigners to whom Turkey might be indebted for valuable services. Brande & C.
5. (Her.)
Defn: The emblem of the increasing moon with horns directed upward, when used in a coat of arms; — often used as a mark of cadency to distinguish a second son and his descendants.
CRESCENT
Cres"cent (krs"sent), a.
1. Shaped like a crescent. Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns. Milton.
2. Increasing; growing. O, I see the crescent promise of my spirit hath not set. Tennyson.
CRESCENT
Cres"cent, v. t.
1. To form into a crescent, or something resembling a crescent. [R.] Anna Seward.
2. To adorn with crescents.
CRESCENTIC
Cres*cen"tic (krs-sn"tk), a.
Defn: Crescent-shaped. "Crescentic lobes." R. Owen.
CRESCENTWISE
Cres"cent*wise` (krs"sent-wz`), adv.
Defn: In the form of a crescent; like a crescent. Tennyson.
CRESCIVE
Cres"cive (krs"sv), a. Etym: [L. crescere to increase.]
Defn: Increasing; growing. [R.]
Unseen, yet crescive in his faculty. Shak.
CRESOL
Cre"sol (kr"sl), n. Etym: [From Creosote.] (Chem.)
Defn: Any one of three metameric substances, CH3.C6H4.OH, homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or solids.
Note: [Called also cresylic acid.]
CRESORCIN
Cre*sor"cin (kr-sr"sn), n. (Chem.)
Defn: Same as Isorcin.
CRESS Cress (krs), n.; pl. Cresses (kr. Etym: [OE. ces, cresse, kers, kerse, AS. cresse, cerse; akin to D. kers, G. kresse, Dan. karse, Sw. krasse, and possibly also to OHG. chresan to creep.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.
Note: The garden cress, called also peppergrass, is the Lepidium sativum; the water cress is the Nasturtium officinale. Various other plants are sometimes called cresses. To strip the brook with mantling cresses spread. Goldsmith. Bitter cress. See under Bitter. — Not worth a cress, or "not worth a kers." a common old proverb, now turned into the meaningless "not worth a curse." Skeat.
CRESSELLE
Cres*selle" (krs-sl"), n. Etym: [F. crécelle rattle.] (Eccl.)
Defn: A wooden rattle sometimes used as a substitute for a bell, in the Roman Catholic church, during the latter part of Holy Week, or the last week of Lent.
CRESSET Cres"set (krs"st), n. Etym: [OF. crasset, cresset, sort of lamp or torch; perh. of Dutch or German origin, and akin to E. cruse, F. creuset crucible, E. crucible.]
1. An open frame or basket of iron, filled with combustible material, to be burned as a beacon; an open lamp or firrepan carried on a pole in nocturnal processions. Starry lamps and blazing cressets, fed With naphtha and asphaltus. Milton. As a cresset true that darts its length Of beamy luster from a tower of strength. Wordsworth.
2. (Coopering)
Defn: A small furnace or iron cage to hold fire for charring the inside of a cask, and making the staves flexible. Knight.
CRESSY
Cress"y (krs"), a.
Defn: Abounding in cresses.
The cressy islets white in flower. Tennyson.
CREST
Crest (krst), n. Etym: [OF. creste, F. cr, L. crista.]
1. A tuft, or other excrescence or natural ornament, growing on animal's head; the comb of a cock; the swelling on the head of a serpent; the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc. Darwin. [Attack] his rising crest, and drive the serpent back. C. Pitt.
2. The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet, indicating the rank of the weare; hence, also, the helmet. Stooping low his lofty crest. Sir W. Scott. And on his head there stood upright A crest, in token of a knight. Gower.
3. (Her.)
Defn: A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually above it, or separately as an ornament for plate, liveries, and the like. It is a relic of the ancient cognizance. See Cognizance, 4.
4. The upper curve of a horse's neck. Throwing the base thong from his bending crest. Shak.
5. The ridge or top of wave. Like wave with crest of sparkling foam. Sir W. Scott.
6. The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.
7. The helm or head, as typical of a high spirit; pride; courage. Now the time is come That France must vail her lofty plumed crest. Shak.
8. (Arch.)
Defn: The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge of a roof,
canopy, etc.
The finials of gables and pinnacles are sometimes called crest.
Parker.
9. (Engin.)
Defn: The top line of a slope or embankment. Crest tile, a tile made to cover the ridge of a roof, fitting upon it like a saddle. — Interior crest (Fort.), the highest line of the parapet.
CREST
Crest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crested; p. pr. & vb. n. Cresting.]
1. To furnish with, or surmount as, a crest; to serve as a crest for.
His legs bestrid the ocean, his reared arm Crested the world. Shak.
Mid groves of clouds that crest the mountain's brow. Wordsworth.
2. To mark with lines or streaks, like, or regarded as like, waving plumes. Like as the shining sky in summer's night, . . . Is crested with lines of fiery light. Spenser.
CREST
Crest (krst), v. i.
Defn: To form a crest.
CRESTED
Crest"ed (krst"d), a.
1. Having a crest. But laced crested helm. Dryden.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a crest of feathers or hair upon the head. "The crested bird." Dryden.
3. (Bott.)
Defn: Bearing any elevated appendage like a crest, as an elevated line or ridge, or a tuft. Gray.
CRESTFALLEN
Crest"fall`en (-fl`'n), a.
1. With hanging head; hence, dispirited; dejected; cowed. Let it make thee crestfullen; Ay, and allay this thy abortive pride. Shak.
2. Having the crest, or upper part of the neck, hanging to one side; — said of a horse.
CRESTING
Crest"ing, n. (Arch.)
Defn: An ornamental finish on the top of a wall or ridge of a roof.
CRESTLESS
Crest"less, a.
Defn: Without a crest or escutcheon; of low birth. "Crestless yeomen." Shak.
CRESYLIC
Cre*syl"ic (kr-sl"k), a. Etym: [From Creosote.] (Chem.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cresol, creosote, etc. Cresylic acid. (Chem.) See Cresol.
CRETACEOUS
Cre*ta"ceous (kr-t"shs), a. Etym: [L. cretaceus, fr. creta chalk. See
Crayon.]
Defn: Having the qualities of chalk;abounding with chalk; chalky; as,
cretaceous rocks and formations. See Chalk. Cretaceous acid, an old
name for carbonic acid.
— Cretaceous formation (Geol.), the series of strata of various
kinds, including beds of chalk, green sand, etc., formed in the
Cretaceous period; — called also the chalk formation. See the
Diagram under Geology.
— Cretaceous period (Geol.), the time in the latter part of the
Mesozoic age during which the Cretaceous formation was deposited.
CRETACEOUS; CRETACIC
Cre*ta"ceous, a. Also Cre*tac"ic. (Geol.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the period of time following the Jurassic and preceding the Eocene.
CRETACEOUSLY
Cre*ta"ceous*ly, adv.
Defn: In a chalky manner; as chalk.
CRETAN
Cre"tan (kr"tan), a.
Defn: Pertaining to Crete, or Candia.
— n.
Defn: A native or inhabitant of Crete or Candia.
CRETE
Crete (krt), n. Etym: [L. Cres, Cretis.]
Defn: A Cretan
CRETIAN
Cre"tian (kr"shan), a. & n.
Defn: See Cretan.
CRETIC
Cre"tic (kr"tk), n. Etym: [L. Creticus (sc. pes foot), Gr. (Gr. &
Lat. Pros.)
Defn: A poetic foot, composed of one short syllable between two long ones (-Bentley.
CRETICISM
Cre"ti*cism (-t-sz'm), n.
Defn: Falsehood; lying; cretism.
CRETIN
Cre"tin (kr"tn), n. Etym: [F. crétin; of uncertain origin.]
Defn: One afflicted with cretinism.
CRETINISM
Cre"tin*ism (kr"tn-*z'm), n. Etym: [F. cr.]
Defn: A condition of endemic or inherited idiocy, accompanied by physical degeneracy and deformity (usually with goiter), frequent in certain mountain valleys, esp. of the Alps.
CRETINOUS
Cre"tin*ous (-s), a.
Defn: Having the characteristics of a cretin. "Cretinous stupefaction." Ruskin.
CRETISM
Cre"tism (kr"tz'm), n. Etym: [Gr. Titus i. 12.]
Defn: A Cretan practice; iying; a falsehood.
CRETONNE Cre*tonne" (kr-tn"), n. Etym: [F., gr. Creton, its first manufacturer.]
1. A strong white fabric with warp of hemp and welt of flax.
2. A fabric with cotton warp and woolen weft.
3. A kind of chintz with a glossy surface.
CRETOSE
Cre"tose (kr"ts), a. Etym: [L. cretosus, fr. creta chalk.]
Defn: Chalky; cretaceous. [Obs.] Ash.
CREUTZER
Creut"zer
Defn: (kroitn. See Kreutzer.
CREUX
Creux (kr), n. Etym: [F., adj., hollow, n., a hollow.]
Defn: Used in English only in the expression en creux. Thus, engraving en creux is engraving in intaglio, or by sinking or hollowing out the design.
CREVALLE Cre`val*le" (kr`vl-l"), n. Etym: [Prob. of same origin as cavally. See Cavally.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cavally or jurel. See Cavally, and Jurel. (b) The pompano (Trachynotus Carolinus).
CREVASSE
Cre`vasse" (kr`vs"), n. Etym: [F. See Crevice.]
1. A deep crevice or fissure, as in embankment; one of the clefts or fissure by which the mass of a glacier is divided.
2. A breach in the levee or embankment of a river, caused by the pressure of the water, as on the lower Mississippi. [U.S.]
CREVET
Crev"et (krv"t), n. Etym: [Cf. Creut.]
Defn: A crucible or melting pot; a cruset. Crabb.
CREVICE
Crev"ice (krv"s), n. Etym: [OE. crevace, crevice. F. crevasse, fr.
crever to break, burst, fr. L. crepare to crack,break. Cf. Craven,
Crepitate, Crevasse.]
Defn: A narrow opening resulting from a split or crack or the separation of a junction; a cleft; a fissure; a rent. The mouse, Behind the moldering wainscot, shrieked, Or from the crevice peered about. Tennyson.
CREVICE
Crev"ice, v. t.
Defn: To crack; to flaw. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
CREVICED
Crev"iced (-st), a.
Defn: Having a crevice or crevices; as, a creviced structure for
storing ears of corn.
Trickling through the creviced rock. J. Cunningham.
CREVIS
Crev"is (-s), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The crawfish. [Prov. Eng.]
CREW
Crew (kr), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The Manx shearwater.
CREW
Crew (kr), n. Etym: [From older accrue accession, reAccrue,
Crescent.]
1. A company of people associated together; an assemblage; a throng. There a noble crew Of lords and ladies stood on every side. Spenser. Faithful to whom to thy rebellious crew Milton.
2. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel, or at; the company belonging to a vessel or a boat.
Note: The word crew, in law, is ordinarily used as equivalent to ship's company, including master and other officers. When the master and other officers are excluded, the context always shows it. Story. Burrill.
3. In an extended sense, any small body of men associated for a purpose; a gang; as (Naut.), the carpenter's crew; the boatswain's crew.
Syn.
— Company; band; gang; horde; mob; herd; throng; party.
CREW
Crew (kr),
Defn: imp. of Crow.
CREWEL Crew"el (kr"l), n. Etym: [Perh. for clewel, dim. of clew a ball of thread; or cf. D. krul curl, E. curl. sq. root26.]
Defn: Worsted yarn,, slackly twisted, used for embroidery.
CREWELWORK
Crew"el*work` (-wrk`), n.
Defn: Embroidery in crewels, commonly done upon some plain material, such as linen.
CREWET
Crew"et (kr"t), n.
Defn: See Cruet.
CRIB Crib (krb), n. Etym: [AS. crybb; akin to OS. kribbja, D. krib, kribbe, Dan. krybbe, G. krippe, and perh. to MHG. krebe basket, G, korb, and E. rip a sort of wicker basket.]
1. A manger or rack; a feeding place for animals. The steer lion at one crib shall meet. Pope.
2. A stall for oxen or other cattle. Where no oxen are, the crib is clean. Prov. xiv. 4.
3. A small inclosed bedstead or cot for a child.
4. A box or bin, or similar wooden structure, for storing grain, salt, etc.; as, a crib for corn or oats.
5. A hovel; a hut; a cottage. Why rather, Sleep, liest thou in smoky cribs, . . . Than in the perfumed chambers of the great Shak.
6. (Mining)
Defn: A structure or frame of timber for a foundation, or for supporting a roof, or for lining a shaft.
7. A structure of logs to be anchored with stones; — used for docks, pier, dams, etc.
8. A small raft of timber. [Canada]
9. A small theft; anything purloined;; a plagiaris [Colloq.]
The Latin version technically called a crib. Ld. Lytton.
Occasional perusal of the Pagan writers, assisted by a crib. Wilkie
Collins.
10. A miner's luncheon. [Cant] Raymond.
11. (Card Playing)
Defn: The discarded cards which the dealer can use in scoring points in cribbage.
CRIB
Crib, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cribbed (krbd); p.pr. & vb. n. Cribbing.]
1. To shut up or confine in a narrow habitation; to cage; to cramp. If only the vital energy be not cribbed or cramped. I. Taylor. Now I am cabin'd, cribbed, confined. Shak.
2. To pilfer or purloin; hence, to steal from an author; to appropriate; to plagiarize; as, to crib a line from Milton. [Colloq.] Child, being fond of toys, cribbed the necklace. Dickens.
CRIB
Crib, v. i.
1. To crowd together, or to be confined, as in a crib or in narrow accommodations. [R.] Who sought to make . . . bishops to crib in a Presbyterian trundle bed. Gauden.
2. To make notes for dishonest use in recitation or examination. [College Cant]
3. To seize the manger or other solid object with the teeth and draw in wind; — said of a horse.
CRIBBAGE
Crib"bage (krb"j), n. Etym: [From Crib, v. t., 2.]
Defn: A game of cards, played by two or four persons, in which there is a crib. (See Crib, 11.) It is characterized by a great variety of chances. A man's fancy would be summed up in cribbage. John Hall. Cribbage board, a board with holes and pegs, used by cribbage players to score their game.
CRIBBER; CRIB-BITER
Crib"ber (krb"r), Crib"-bit`er (-bt"r), n.
Defn: A horse that has the habit of cribbing.
CRIBBING
Crib"bing (krb"bng), n.
1. The act of inclosing or confining in a crib or in close quarters.
2. Purloining; stealing; plagiarizing. [Colloq.]
3. (Mining)
Defn: A framework of timbers and plank backing for a shaft lining, to prevent caving, percolation of water, etc.
4. A vicious habit of a horse; crib-biting. The horse lays hold of the crib or manger with his teeth and draws air into the stomach with a grunting sound.
CRIB-BITING
Crib"-bit`ing (krb"bt`ng), n.
Defn: Same as Cribbing, 4.
CRIBBLE Crib"ble (krb"b'l), n. Etym: [F. crible, LL. criblus sieve, fr. L. cribrum.]
1. A coarse sieve or screen.
2. Coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Johnson.
CRIBBLE
Crib"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cribbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cribbling (-blng).] Etym: [Cf. F. cribler.]
Defn: To cause to pass through a sieve or riddle; to sift.
CRIBBLE
Crib"ble, a.
Defn: Coarse; as, cribble bread. [Obs.] Huloet.
CRIBELLUM Cri*bel"lum (krbl"lm), n. Etym: [L., a small sieve, dim. of cribrum sieve.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A peculiar perforated organ of certain spiders (Ciniflonidæ), used for spinning a special kind of silk.
CRIBRATE Crib"rate (krb"rt), a. Etym: [L. cribratus, p.p. of cribrare to sift, fr. cribrum a sieve.]
Defn: Cribriform.
CRIBRATION Cri*bra"tion (kr-br"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cribration, fr. L. cribrare to sift. See Cribble, n.] (Pharmacy)
Defn: The act or process of separating the finer parts of drugs from the coarser by sifting.
CRIBRIFORM Crib"ri*form (krb"rfrm), a. Etym: [L. cribrum sieve + -form: cf. F. cribriforme.]
Defn: Resembling, or having the form of, a sieve; pierced with hokes; as, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; a cribriform compress. Cribriform cells (Bot.), those which have here and there oblique or transverse sieve plates, or places perforated with many holes.
CRIBROSE
Crib"rose (krb"rs), a. Etym: [L. cribrum sieve.]
Defn: Perforated like a sieve; cribriform.
CRIC
Cric (krk), n. Etym: [prob. fr. F. cric a jackscrew.]
Defn: The ring which turns inward and condenses the flame of a lamp.
Knight.
CRICK
Crick (krk), n. Etym: [See Creak.]
Defn: The creaking of a door, or a noise resembling it. [Obs.]
Johnson.
CRICK
Crick, n. Etym: [The same as creek a bending, twisting. See Creek,
Crook.]
1. A painful, spasmodic affection of the muscles of some part of the body, as of the neck or back, rendering it difficult to move the part. To those also that, with a crick or cramp, have thei necks drawn backward. Holland.
2. Etym: [Cf. F. cric.]
Defn: A small jackscrew. Knight.
CRICKET
Crick"et (krk"t), n. Etym: [OE. criket, OF. crequet, criquet; prob.
of German origin, and akin to E. creak; cf. D. kriek a cricket. See
Creak.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An orthopterous insect of the genus Gryllus, and allied genera. The males make chirping, musical notes by rubbing together the basal parts of the veins of the front wings.
Note: The common European cricket is Gryllus domesticus; the common large black crickets of America are G. niger, G. neglectus, and others. Balm cricket. See under Balm. — Cricket bird, a small European bird (Silvia locustella); — called also grasshopper warbler. — Cricket frog, a small American tree frog (Acris gryllus); — so called from its chirping.
CRICKET Crick"et, n. Etym: [AS. cricc, crycc, crooked staff, crutch. Perh. first used in sense 1, a stool prob. having been first used as a wicket. See Crutch.]
1. A low stool.
2. A game much played in England, and sometimes in America, with a ball, bats, and wickets, the players being arranged in two contesting parties or sides.
3. (Arch.)
Defn: A small false roof, or the raising of a portion of a roof, so as to throw off water from behind an obstacle, such as a chimney.
CRICKET
Crick"et, v. i.
Defn: To play at cricket. Tennyson.
CRICKETER
Crick"et*er (krk"t-r), n.
Defn: One who plays at cricket.
CRICOID
Cri"coid (kr"koid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)
Defn: Resembling a ring; — said esp. of the cartilage at the larynx, and the adjoining parts.
CRICOTHYROID
Cri`co*thy"roid (-k-th"roid), a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining both to the cricoid and the thyroid cartilages.
CRIED
Cried (krd),
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Cry.
CRIER
Cri"er (kr"r), n. Etym: [Cf. F. crieur. See Cry.]
Defn: One who cries; one who makes proclamation. Specifically, an officer who proclams the orders or directions of a court, or who gives public notice by loud proclamation; as, a town-crier. He openeth his mouth like a crier. Ecclus. xx. 15.
CRIME Crime (krm), n.Etym: [F. crime, fr. L. crimen judicial decision, that which is subjected to such a decision, charge, fault, crime, fr. the root of cernere to decide judicially. See Certain.]
1. Any violation of law, either divine or human; an omission of a duty commanded, or the commission of an act forbidden by law.
2. Gross violation of human law, in distinction from a misdemeanor or trespass, or other slight offense. Hence, also, any aggravated offense against morality or the public welfare; any outrage or great wrong. "To part error from crime." Tennyson.
Note: Crimes, in the English common law, are grave offenses which were originally capitally punished (murder, rape, robbery, arson, burglary, and larceny), as distinguished from misdemeanors, which are offenses of a lighter grade. See Misdemeanors.
3. Any great wickedness or sin; iniguity. Nocrime was thine, if 'tis no crime to love. Pope.
4. That which occasion crime. [Obs.] The tree of life, the crime of our first father's fall. Spenser. Capital crime, a crime punishable with death.
Syn. — Sin; vice; iniquity; wrong. — Crime, Sin,Vice. Sin is the generic term, embracing wickedness of every kind, but specifically denoting an offense as committed against God. Crime is strictly a violation of law either human or divine; but in present usage the term is commonly applied to actions contrary to the laws of the State. Vice is more distinctively that which springs from the inordinate indulgence of the natural appetites, which are in themselves innocent. Thus intemperance, unchastity, duplicity, etc., are vices; while murder, forgery, etc., which spring from the indulgence of selfish passions, are crimes.
CRIMEFUL
Crime"ful (krm"fl), a.
Defn: Criminal; wicked; contrary to law, right, or dury. [Obs.] Shak.
CRIMELESS
Crime"less, a.
Defn: Free from crime; innocent. Shak.
CRIMINAL Crim"i*nal (krm"-nal), a. Etym: [L. criminalis, fr. crimen: cf. F. criminel. See Crime.]
1. Guilty of crime or sin. The neglect of any of the relative duties renders us criminal in the sight of God. Rogers.
2. Involving a crime; of the nature of a crime; — said of an act or of conduct; as, criminal carelessness. Foppish and fantastic ornaments are only indications of vice, not criminal in themselves. Addison.
3. Relating to crime; — opposed to civil; as, the criminal code. The officers and servants of the crown, violating the personal liberty, or other right of the subject . . . were in some cases liable to criminal process. Hallam. Criminal action (Law), an action or suit instituted to secure conviction and punishment for a crime. — Criminal conversation (Law), unlawful intercourse with a married woman; adultery; — usually abbreviated, crim. con. — Criminal law, the law which relates to crimes.
CRIMINAL
Crim"i*nal, n.
Defn: One who has commited a crime; especially, one who is found guilty by verdict, confession, or proof; a malefactor; a felon.
CRIMINALIST
Crim"i*nal*ist, n.
Defn: One versed in criminal law. [R.]
CRIMINALITY Crim`i*nal"i*ty (krm`-nl"-t), n. Etym: [LL. criminalitas, fr. L. criminalis. See Criminal.]
Defn: The quality or state of being criminal; that which constitutes a crime; guiltiness; guilt. This is by no means the only criterion of criminality. Blackstone.
CRIMINALLY
Crim"i*nal*ly (krm"-nal-l), adv.
Defn: In violation of law; wickedly.
CRIMINALNESS
Crim"i*nal*ness, n.
Defn: Criminality. [R.]
CRIMINATE
Crim"i*nate (kr, v. t. [imp & p. p. Criminated (-n; p. pr. & vb. n.
Criminating (-n.] Etym: [L. criminatus, p. p. of criminare,
criminari, to criminate, fr. crimen. See Crime.]
1. To accuse of, or charge with, a crime. To criminate, with the heavy and ungrounded charge of disloyalty and disaffection, an uncorrupt, independent, and reforming parliament. Burke.
2. To involve in a crime or in its consequences; to render liable to
a criminal charge.
Impelled by the strongest pressure of hope and fear to criminate him.
Macaulay.
CRIMINATION
Crim`i*na"tion (krm`-n"shn), n. Etym: [L. criminatio.]
Defn: The act of accusing; accusation; charge; complaint.
The criminations and recriminations of the adverse parties. Macaulay.
CRIMINATIVE
Crim"i*na*tive (krm"-n-tv), a.
Defn: Charging with crime; accusing; criminatory. R. North.
CRIMINATORY
Crim"i*na*to*ry (-t-r), a.
Defn: Relating to, or involving, crimination; accusing; as, a criminatory conscience.
CRIMINOLOGY Crim`i*nol"o*gy (-nl"-j), n. Etym: [L. crimen, crimenis, crime + - logy.]
Defn: A treatise on crime or the criminal population.
— Crim`i*nol"o*gist (-j, n.
CRIMINOUS
Crim"i*nous (krm"-ns), a. Etym: [L. criminosus, fr. crimen. See
Crime.]
Defn: Criminal; involving great crime or grave charges; very wicked;
heinous. [Obs.] Holland.
— Crim"i*nous*ly, adv..
— Crim"i*nous*ness,n. [Obs.]
CRIMOSIN
Crim"o*sin (krm"-zn), n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Crimson.
CRIMP
Crimp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimped (krmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crimping.] Etym: [Akin to D. krimpen to shrink, shrivel, Sw. krympa,
Dan. krympe, and to E. cramp. See Cramp.]
1. To fold or plait in regular undulation in such a way that the material will retain the shape intended; to give a wavy apperance to; as, to crimp the border of a cap; to crimp a ruffle. Cf. Crisp. The comely hostess in a crimped cap. W. Irving.
2. To pinch and hold; to seize.
3. Hence, to entrap into the military or naval service; as, to crimp seamen. Coaxing and courting with intent to crimp him. Carlyle.
4. (Cookery)
Defn: To cause to contract, or to render more crisp, as the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with a knife; as, to crimp skate, etc. Crimping house, a low lodging house, into which men are decoyed and plied with drink, to induce them to ship or enlist as sailors or soldiers. — Crimping iron. (a) An iron instrument for crimping and curling the hair. (b) A crimping machine. — Crimping machine, a machine with fluted rollers or with dies, for crimping ruffles leather, iron, etc. — Crimping pin, an instrument for crimping or puckering the border of a lady's cap.
CRIMP
Crimp, a.
1. Easily crumbled; friable; brittle. [R.] Now the fowler . . . treads the crimp earth. J. Philips.
2. Weak; inconsistent; contradictory. [R.] The evidance is crimp; the witnesses swear backward and forward, and contradict themselves. Arbuthnot.
CRIMP
Crimp, n.
1. A coal broker. [Prov. Eng.] De Foe.
2. One who decoys or entraps men into the military or naval service. Marryat.
3. A keeper of a low lodging house where sailors and emigrants are entrapped and fleeced.
4. Hair which has been crimped; — usually in pl.
5. A game at cards. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Boot crimp. See under Boot.
CRIMPAGE
Crimp"age (-j), n.
Defn: The act or practice of crimping; money paid to a crimp for shipping or enlisting men.
CRIMPER
Crimp"er (-r), n.
Defn: One who, or that which, crimps; as: (a) A curved board or frame over which the upper of a boot or shoe is stretched to the required shape. (b) A device for giving hair a wavy apperance. (c) A machine for crimping or ruffling textile fabrics.
CRIMPLE Crim"ple (krm"p'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimpled (-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crimpling (-plng).] Etym: [Dim. of crimp, v. t. ]
Defn: To cause to shrink or draw together; to contract; to curl. [R.]
Wiseman.
CRIMPY
Crimp"y (krmp"), a.
Defn: Having a crimped appearance; frizzly; as, the crimpy wool of the Saxony sheep.
CRIMSON Crim"son (krm"z'n), n. Etym: [OE. crimson, OF. crimoisin, F. cramoisi (cf. Sp. carmesi.) LL. carmesinus, fr. Ar. qermazi, fr. qermez crimson, kermes, fr. Skr. k produced by a worm; k worm or insect + jan to generate; akin to E. kin. CF. Carmine, Kermes.]
Defn: A deep red color tinged with blue; also, red color in general.
Theugh jour be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though
they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool. Is. i. 18.
A maid jet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty. Shak.
CRIMSON
Crim"son, a.
Defn: Of a deep red color tinged with blue; deep red. "A crimson
tide." Mrs. Hemans.
The blushing poppy with a crimson hue. Prior.
CRIMSON
Crim"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crimsoned (-z'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crimsoning.]
Defn: To dye with crimson or deep red; to redden.
Signed in thy spoil and crimsoned in thy lethe. Shak.
CRIMSON
Crim"son, b. t.
Defn: To become crimson; to blush. Ancient towers . . . beginning to crimson with the radiant luster of a cloudless July morning. De Quincey.
CRINAL
Cri"nal (kr"nal), a. Etym: [L. crinalis, fr. crinis the hair.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the hair. [R.] Blount.
CRINATED
Cri"na*ted (kr"n-td), a.
Defn: Having hair; hairy.
CRINATORY
Cri"na*to*ry (kr"n-t-r), a.
Defn: Crinitory. Craig.
CRINCUM
Crin"cum (krn"km), n. Etym: [Cf. Crinkle.]
Defn: A twist or bend; a turn; a whimsey. [Colloq.] Hudibras.
CRINCUM-CRANCUM
Crin"cum-cran"cum (krn"km-krn"km), n.
Defn: A twist; a whimsey or whim. [Colloq.]
CRINED
Crined (krnd), a. Etym: [L. crinis hair.] (Her.)
Defn: Having the hair of a different tincture from the rest of the body; as, a charge crined of a red tincture.
CRINEL; CRINET
Cri"nel (kr"nEl), Cri"net (kr"nt), n. Etym: [L. crinis hair.]
Defn: A very fine, hairlike feather. Booth.
CRINGE
Cringe (krnj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crnged (krnjd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cringing.] Etym: [As. crincgang, cringan, crincan, to jield, fall;
akin to E. crank.]
Defn: To draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to bend or crouch with base humility; to wince; hence; to make court in a degrading manner; to fawn. When they were come up to the place where the lions were, the boys that went before were glad to cringe behind, for they were afraid of the lions. Bunyan. Sly hypocrite, . . . who more than thou Once fawned and cringed, and servilely adored Heaven's awful monarch Milton. Flatterers . . . are always bowing and cringing. Arbuthnot.
CRINGE
Cringe, v. t.
Defn: To contract; to draw together; to cause to shrink or wrinkle;
to distort. [Obs.]
Till like a boy you see him cringe his face, And whine aloud for
mercy. Shak.
CRINGE
Cringe, n.
Defn: Servile civility; fawning; a shrinking or bowing, as in fear or servility. "With cringe and shrug, and bow obsequious." Cowper.
CRINGELING
Cringe"ling, n.
Defn: One who cringes meanly; a fawner.
CRINGER
Crin"ger (krn"jr), n.
Defn: One who cringes.
CRINGINGLY
Crin"ging*ly, adv.
Defn: In a cringing manner.
CRINGLE Crin"gle (krn"g'l), n. Etym: [Icel. kringla orb; akin to kring around, and to D. kring circle, and to E. cringe, crank.]
1. A withe for fastening a gate.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: An iron or pope thimble or grommet worked into or attached to the edges and corners of a sail; — usually in the plural. The cringles are used for making fast the bowline bridles, earings, etc.
CRINICULTURAL Crin`i*cul"tur*al (krn`-kl"tr-al; 135), a. Etym: [L. crinis hair + cultura.]
Defn: Relating to the growth of hair. [R.]
CRINIGEROUS Cri*nig"er*ous (kr-nj"r-s), a. Etym: [L. criniger; crinis hair + gerere to bear.]
Defn: Bearing hair; hairy. [R.]
CRINITAL
Cri"ni*tal (kr"n-tal), a.
Defn: Same as Crinite,
1. He the star crinital adoreth. Stanyhurst.
CRINITE Cri"nite (kr"nt), a. Etym: [L. crinitus, p. p. of crinire to provide or cover with hair, fr. crinis hair.]
1. Having the appearance of a tuft of hair; having a hairlike tail or train. "Comate, crinite, caudate stars."
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Bearded or tufted with hairs. Gray.
CRINITORY
Cri"ni*to*ry (kr"n-t-r), a.
Defn: Of or relating to hair; as, a crinitory covering. T. Hook.
CRINKLE Crin"kle (krn"k'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crinkled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crinkling (-klng).] Etym: [A dim., fr. the root of cringe; akin to D. krinkelen to wind or twist. Cf. Cringle, Cringe.]
Defn: To form with short turns, bends, or wrinkles; to mold into inequalites or sinuosities; to cause to wrinkle or curl. The houscrinkled to and fro. Chaucer. Her face all bowsy, Comely crinkled, Wondrously wrinkled. Skelton. The flames through all the casements pushing forth, Like red-not devils crinkled into snakes. Mrs. Browning.
CRINKLE
Crin"kle, v. i.
Defn: To turn or wind; ti run in and out in many short bends or
turns; to curl; to run in wavws; to wrinkle; also, to rustle, as
stiff cloth when moved.
The green wheat crinkles like a lake. L. T. Trowbridge.
And all the rooms Were full of crinkling silks. Mrs. Browning.
CRINKLE
Crin"kle, n.
Defn: A winding or turn; wrinkle; sinuosity.
The crinkles in this glass, making objects appear double. A. Tucker.
CRINKLED
Crin"kled (krn"k'ld), a.
Defn: Having short bends, turns, or wrinkles; wrinkled; wavy; zigzag.
"The crinkled lightning." Lowell.
CRINKLY
Crin"kly (-kl), a.
Defn: Having crinkles; wavy; wrinkly.
CRINOID
Cri"noid (kr"noid), a. [See Crinoidea.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Crinoidal.
— n.
Defn: One of the Crinoidea.
CRINOIDAL
Cri*noid"al (kr-noidal), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of pertaining to crinoids; consisting of, or containing, crinoids.
CRINOIDEA Cri*noid"e*a (kr-noid"-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -oid: cf. F. crino.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large class of Echinodermata, including numerous extinct families and genera, but comparatively few living ones. Most of the fossil species, like some that are recent, were attached by a jointed stem. See Blastoidea, Cystoidea, Comatula.
CRINOIDEAN
Cri*noid"e*an (-an), n. (Zoöl)
Defn: One of the Crinoidea.
CRINOLINE
Crin"o*line (krn"-ln), n. Etym: [F., fr. crin hair,L. crinis.]
1. A kind of stiff cloth, used chiefly by women, for underskirts, to expand the gown worn over it; — so called because originally made of hair.
2. A lady's skirt made of any stiff material; latterly, a hoop skirt.
CRINOSE
Cri*nose" (kr-ns"), a. Etym: [L. crinis hair.]
Defn: Hairy. [R.]
CRINOSITY
Cri*nos"i*ty (kr-ns"-t), n.
Defn: Hairiness. [R.]
CRINUM
Cri"num (kr"nm), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of bulbous plants, of the order Amaryllidace, cultivated as greenhouse plants on account of their beauty.
CRIOSPHINX
Cri"o*sphinx` (kr"-sfnks`), n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A sphinx with the head of a ram.
CRIPPLE Crip"ple (krp"p'l), n. Etym: [OE. cripel, crepel, crupel, AS. crypel (akin to D. kreuple, G. kr, Dan. kr, Icel. kryppill), prop., one that can not walk, but must creep, fr. AS. cre to creep. See Creep.]
Defn: One who creeps, halts, or limps; one who has lost, or never had, the use of a limb or limbs; a lame person; hence, one who is partially disabled. I am a cripple in my limbs; but what decays are in my mind, the reader must determine. Dryden.
CRIPPLE
Crip"ple (krp"p'l), a.
Defn: Lame; halting. [R.] "The cripple, tardy-gaited night." Shak.
CRIPPLE
Crip"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crippled (-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crippling (-plng).]
1. To deprive of the use of a limb, particularly of a leg or foot; to lame. He had crippled the joints of the noble child. Sir W. Scott.
2. To deprive of strength, activity, or capability for service or use; to disable; to deprive of resources; as, to be financially crippled. More serious embarrassments . . . were crippling the energy of the settlement in the Bay. Palfrey. An incumbrance which would permanently cripple the body politic. Macaulay.
CRIPPLED
Crip"pled (krp"p'ld), a.
Defn: Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded. "The crippled crone."
Longfellow.
CRIPPLENESS
Crip"ple*ness, n.
Defn: Lameness. [R.] Johnson.
CRIPPLER
Crip"pler (-plr), n.
Defn: A wooden tool used in graining leather. Knight.
CRIPPLING
Crip"pling (-plng), n.
Defn: Spars or timbers set up as a support against the side of a building.
CRIPPLY
Crip"ply (-pl), a.
Defn: Lame; disabled; in a crippled condition. [R.] Mrs. Trollope.
CRISIS
Cri"sis (kr"ss), n.; pl. Crises (-s. Etym: [L. crisis, Gr. Certain.]
1. The point of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive moment; the turning point. This hour's the very crisis of your fate. Dryden. The very times of crisis for the fate of the country. Brougham.
2. (Med.)
Defn: That change in a disease which indicates whether the result is to be recovery or death; sometimes, also, a striking change of symptoms attended by an outward manifestation, as by an eruption or sweat. Till some safe crisis authorize their skill. Dryden.
CRISP Crisp (krsp), a. Etym: [AS. crisp, fr. L. crispus; cf. carpere to pluck, card (wool), and E. harvest. Cf. Crape.]
1. Curling in stiff curls or ringlets; as, crisp hair.
2. Curled with the ripple of the water. [Poetic] You numphs called Naiads, of the winding brooks . . . Leave jour crisp channels. Shak.
3. Brittle; friable; in a condition to break with a short, sharp fracture; as, crisp snow. The cakes at tea ate short and crisp. Goldsmith.
4. Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness; in a fresh, unwilted condition. It [laurel] has been plucked nine months, and yet looks as hale and crisp as if it would last ninety years. Leigh Hunt.
5. Lively; sparking; effervescing. Your neat crisp claret. Beau & Fl.
6. Brisk; crackling; cheerful; lively. The snug, small room, and the crisp fire. Dickens.
CRISP
Crisp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crisped (krspt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crisping.] Etym: [L. crispare, fr. crispus. See Crisp. a. ]
1. To curl; to form into ringlets, as hair, or the nap of cloth; to interweave, as the branches of trees.
2. To cause to undulate irregularly, as crape or water; to wrinkle; to cause to ripple. Cf. Crimp. The lover with the myrtle sprays Adorns his crisped tresses. Drayton. Along the crisped shades and bowers. Milton. The crisped brooks, Rolling on orient pearl and sands of gold. Milton.
3. To make crisp or brittle, as in cooking. Crisping iron, an instrument by which hair or any textile fabric is crisped. — Crisping pin, the simplest form of crisping iron. Is. iii. 22.
CRISP
Crisp, v. i.
Defn: To undulate or ripple. Cf. Crisp, v. t.
To watch the crisping ripples on the beach. Tennuson.
CRISP
Crisp, n.
Defn: That which is crisp or brittle; the state of being crisp or brittle; as, burned to a crisp; specifically, the rind of roasted pork; crackling.
CRISPATE; CRISPATED Cris"pate (krs"pt), Cris"pa*ted (-p-td), a. Etym: [L. crispatus, p. p. of crispare.]
Defn: Having a crisped appearance; irregularly curled or twisted.
CRISPATION
Cris*pa"tion (krs-p"shn), n. Etym: [CF. F. crispation.]
1. The act or process of curling, or the state of being curled. Bacon.
2. A very slight convulsive or spasmodic contraction of certain muscles, external or internal. Few men can look down from a great height without creepings and crispations. O. W. Holmes.
CRISPATURE
Cris"pa*ture (krs"p-tr; 135), n.
Defn: The state of being crispate.
CRISPER
Crisp"er (krs"pr), n.
Defn: One who, or that which, crisps or curls; an instrument for making little curls in the nap of cloth, as in chinchilla.
CRISPIN
Cris"pin (krs"pn), n.
1. A shoemaker; — jocularly so called from the patron sant of the craft.
2. A member of a union or association of shoemakers.
CRISPLY
Crisp"ly (krsp"l), adv.
Defn: In a crisp manner.
CRISPNESS
Crisp"ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being crisp.
CRISPY
Crisp"y (-), a.
1. Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzed; crisp; as, crispy locks.
2. Crisp; brittle; as. a crispy pie crust.
CRISSAL
Cris"sal (krs"sal), a. (Zoöl.)
1. Pertaining to the crissum; as, crissal feathers.
2. Having highly colored under tail coverts; as, the crissal thrasher.
CRISSCROSS
Criss"cross` (krs"krs`; 115), n. Etym: [A corruption of Christcross.]
1. A mark or cross, as the signature of a person who is unable to write.
2. A child's game played on paper or on a slate, consisting of lines arranged in the form of a cross.
CRISSCROSS
Criss"cross`, v. t.
Defn: To mark or cover with cross lines; as, a paper was crisscrossed with red marks.
CRISSCROSS
Criss"cross` (krs"krs`;115), adv.
1. In opposite directions; in a way to cross something else; crossing one another at various angles and in various ways. Logs and tree luing crisscross in utter confusion. W. E. Boardman.
2. With opposition or hindrance; at cross purposes; contrarily; as, things go crisscross.
CRISSCROSS-ROW
Criss"cross-row` (-r`), n.
Defn: See Christcross-row.
CRISSUM Cris"sum (krs"sm),, n.; pl. Crissa (-s. Etym: [NL.; cf. L. crisso to move the haunches.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: That part of a bird, or the feathers, surrounding the cloacal opening; the under tail coverts.
CRISTATE Cris"tate (krs"tt), a. Etym: [L. ctistatus, fr. crista crest.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Crested.
CRITERION
Cri*te"ri*on (kr-t"r-n), n.; pl. Criteria (-Criterions (-. Etym: [Gr.
Certain.]
Defn: A standard of judging; any approved or established rule or test, by which facts, principles opinions, and conduct are tried in forming a correct judgment respecting them. Of the diseases of the mind there is no criterion. Donne. Inferences founded on such enduring criteria. Sir G. C. Lewis.
Syn.
— Standard; measure; rule.
CRITH
Crith (krth), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: The unit for estimating the weight of a
CRITHOMANCY
Crith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. crithomancie.]
Defn: A kind of divination by means of the dough of the cakes offered in the ancient sacrifices, and the meal strewed over the victims.
CRITIC
Crit"ic (krt"k), n. Etym: [L. criticus, Gr. able to discuss, from
Certain, and cf. Critique.]
1. One skilled in judging of the merits of literary or artistic works; a connoisseur; an adept; hence, one who examines literary or artistic works, etc., and passes judgment upon them; a reviewer. The opininon of the most skillful critics was, that nothing finer [than Goldsmith's "Traveler"] had appeared in verse since the fourth book of the "Dunciad." Macaulay.
2. One who passes a rigorous or captious judgment; one who censures or finds fault; a harsh examiner or judge; a caviler; a carper. When an author has many beauties consistent with virtue, piety, and truth, let not little critics exalt themselves, and shower down their ill nature. I. Watts. You know who the critics are the men who have failed in literature and art. Beaconsfield.
3. The art of criticism. [Obs.] Locke.
4. An act of criticism; a critique. [Obs.] And make each day a critic on the last. Pope.
CRITIC
Crit"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to critics or criticism; critical. [Obs.]
"Critic learning." Pope.
CRITIC
Crit"ic, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. critiquer.]
Defn: To criticise; to play the critic. [Obs.]
Nay, if you begin to critic once, we shall never have done. A.
Brewer.
CRITICAL
Crit"ic*al (krt"-kal), a. Etym: [See Critic, n., Crisis.]
1. Qualified to criticise, or pass judgment upon, literary or artistic productions. It is submitted to the judgment of more critical ears to direct and determine what is graceful and what is not. Holder.
2. Pertaining to criticism or the critic's art; of the nature of a criticism; accurate; as, critical knowledge; a critical dissertation.
3. Inclined to make nice distinctions, or to exercise careful judgment and selection; exact; nicely judicious. Virgil was so critical in the rites of religion. that he would never have brought in such prayers as these, if they had not been agreeable to the Roman customs. Bp. Stillingfleet.
4. Inclined to criticise or find fault; fastidious; captious; censorious; exacting. O gentle lady, do not put me to 't, For I am nothing, if not critical. Shak.
5. Characterized by thoroughness and a reference to principles, as becomes a critic; as, a critical analysis of a subject.
6. Etym: [See Crisis.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis, turning point, or specially important juncture; important as regards consequences; hence, of doubtful issue; attended with risk; dangerous; as, the critical stage of a fever; a critical situation. Our circumstances are indeed critical. Burke. The small moment, the exact point, the critical minute, on which every good work so much depends. South. Critical angle (Optics), that angle of incidence of a luminous ray at which it is wholly reflected, and no portion of it transmitted. The sine of this angle is the reciprocal of the refractive index of the medium. — Critical philosophy, the metaphysical system of Kant; — so called from his most important work, the "Critique of Pure Reason." - - Critical point (Physics), a certain temperature, different for different gases, but always the same for each gas, regarded as the limit above which no amount of pressure can produce condensation to a liquid.
CRITICALLY
Crit"ic*al*ly, adv.
1. In a critical manner; with nice discernment; accurately; exactly. Critically to discern good writers from bad. Dryden.
2. At a crisis; at a critical time; in a situation. place, or condition of decisive consequence; as, a fortification critically situated. Coming critically the night before the session. Bp. Burnet.
CRITICALNESS
Crit"ic*al*ness, n.
1. The state or quality of being critical, or of occurring at a critical time.
2. Accuracy in examination or decision; exactness.
CRITICASTER
Crit"ic*as`ter (krt"k-s`tr), n.
Defn: A contemptible or vicious critic. The rancorous and reptile crew of poeticules, who decompose into criticasters. Swinburne.
CRITICISABLE
Crit"i*cis`a*ble (krt"-sz`-b'l), a.
Defn: Capable of being criticised.
CRITICISE Crit"i*cise (krt"-sz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Criticised (-szd); p. pr. & vb. n. Criticising.] Etym: [Written also, more analogically, but less commonly, criticize.] Etym: [Cf. G. kritisiren. See Critic.]
1. To examine and judge as a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment upon; as, to criticise an author; to criticise a picture.
2. To express one's views as to the merit or demerit of; esp., to animadvert upon; to find fault with; as, to criticise conduct. Blackwood's Mag.
CRITICISE
Crit"i*cise, v. i.
1. To act as a critic; to pass literary or artistic judgment; to play the critic; — formerly used with on or upon. Several of these ladies, indeed, criticised upon the form of the association. Addison.
2. To discuss the merits or demerits of a thing or person; esp., to find fault. Cavil you may, but never criticise. Pope.
CRITICISER
Crit"i*ci`ser (-s`zr), n.
Defn: One who criticises; a critic.
CRITICISM
Crit"i*cism (krt"-sz'm), n.
1. The rules and principles which regulate the practice of the critic; the art of judging with knowledge and propriety of the beauties and faults of a literary performance, or of a production in the fine arts; as, dramatic criticism. The elements ofcriticism depend on the two principles of Beauty and Truth, one of which is the final end or object of study in every one of its pursuits: Beauty, in letters and the arts; Truth, in history and sciences. Brande & C. By criticism, as it was first instituted by Aristotle, was meant a standard of judging well. Dryden.
2. The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or expressed; a critical observation or detailed examination and review; a critique; animadversion; censure. About the plan of "Rasselas" little was said by the critics; and yet the faults of the plan might seem to invite severe criticism. Macaulay.
CRITIQUE
Cri*tique" (kr-tk"), n. Etym: [F. critique, f., fr. Gr. Critic.]
1. The art of criticism. [Written also critic.] [R.]
2. A critical examination or estimate of a work of literature or art; a critical dissertation or essay; a careful and through analysis of any subject; a criticism; as, Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason." I should as soon expect to see a critique on the poesy of a ring as on the inscription of a medal. Addison.
3. A critic; one who criticises. [Obs.] A question among critiques in the ages to come. Bp. Lincoln.
CRITIQUE
Cri*tique", v. t. Etym: [Cf. Critic, v.]
Defn: To criticise or pass judgment upon. [Obs.] Pope.
CRIZZEL Criz"zel (krz"z'l), n. Etym: [Cf. grizzle darkish gray, or G. griselig gravelly, granular, speckled.]
Defn: A kind of roughness on the surface of glass, which clouds its transparency. [Written also crizzeling and crizzle.]
CROAK
Croak (krk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Croaked. (krp. pr. & vb. n.
Croaking.] Etym: [From the primitive of AS. cracettan to croak as a
raven; akin to G. kr to croak, and to E. creak, crake.]
1. To make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog, a raven, or a crow; hence, to make any hoarse, dismal sound. Loud thunder to its bottom shook the bog, And the hoarse nation croaked. Pope.
2. To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually. Marat . . . croaks with reasonableness. Carlyle.
CROAK
Croak, v. t.
Defn: To utter in a low, hoarse voice; to announce by croaking; to
forebode; as, to croak disaster.
The raven himself is hoarse, That croaks the fatal entrance of
Duncan. Shak.
Two ravens now began to croak Their nuptial song. Wordsworth.
CROAK
Croak, n.
Defn: The coarse, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a raven, or a like sound.
CROAKER
Croak"er (-r), n.
1. One who croaks, murmurs, grumbles, or complains unreasonably; one who habitually forebodes evil.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A small American fish (Micropogon undulatus), of the Atlantic coast. (a) An American fresh-water fish (Aplodinotus grunniens); — called also drum. (c) The surf fish of California.
Note: When caught these fishes make a croaking sound; whence the name, which is often corrupted into crocus.
CROAT
Cro"at (kr"t), n. Etym: [Cf. Cravat.]
1. A native of Croatia, in Austria; esp., one of the native Slavic race.
2. An irregular soldier, generally from Croatia.
CROATIAN
Cro*a"tian (kr-"shan), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Croatia.
— n.
Defn: A Croat.
CROCEIN
Cro"ce*in (kr"s-n), n. Etym: [See Croceous.] (Chem.)
Defn: A name given to any one of several yellow or scarlet dyestuffs of artificial production and complex structure. In general they are diazo and sulphonic acid derivatives of benzene and naphthol.
CROCEOUS
Cro"ceous (kr"shs), a. Etym: [L. croceus, fr. crocus saffron. See
Crocus.]
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or like, saffron; deep reddish yellow. [R.]
CROCETIN
Cro"ce*tin (kr"s-tn), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A dyestuff, obtained from the Chinese croicin, which produces a brilliant yellow.
CROCHE Croche (krch), n. Etym: [OF. croche, equiv. to F. crochet, croc, hook. See Crotchet, Crook.]
Defn: A little bud or knob at the top of a deer's antler.
CROCHET
Cro*chet" (kr-sh"), n. Etym: [F. crochet small hook. See Croche.]
Defn: A kind of knitting done by means of a hooked needle, with worsted, silk, or cotton; crochet work. Commonly used adjectively. Crochet hook, Crochet needle, a small hook, or a hooked needle (often of bone), used in crochet work.
CROCHET
Cro*chet", v. t. & i. [imp. & p.p. Crocheted (shd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crocheting (-sh"ng).]
Defn: To knit with a crochet needle or hook; as, to rochett a shawl.
CROCIARY
Cro"ci*a*ry (kr"sh—r), n. Etym: [See Crosier.] (Eccl.)
Defn: One who carries the cross before an archbishop. [Obs.]
CROCIDOLITE Cro*cid"o*lite (kr-sd"-lt), n. Etym: [Gr. kroky`s nap on cloth + - lite.] (Min.)
Defn: A mineral occuring in silky fibers of a lavender blue color. It is related to hornblende and is essentially a silicate of iron and soda; — called also blue asbestus. A silicified form, in which the fibers penetrating quartz are changed to oxide of iron, is the yellow brown tiger-eye of the jewelers.
CROCIN Cro"cin (kr"sn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.) (a) The coloring matter of Chinese yellow pods, the fruit of Gardenia grandiflora. Watts. (b) A red powder (called also polychroite), which is made from the saffron (Crocus sativus). See Polychroite.
CROCK
Crock (krk), n. Etym: [Cf. W. croeg cover, Scot. crochit covered.]
Defn: The loose black particles collected from combustion, as on pots and kettles, or in a chimney; soot; smut; also, coloring matter which rubs off from cloth.
CROCK
Crock, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Crocked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Crocking.]
Defn: To soil by contact, as with soot, or with the coloring matter of badly dyed cloth.
CROCK
Crock, v. i.
Defn: To give off crock or smut.
CROCK
Crock, n.
Defn: A low stool. "I . . . seated her upon a little crock." Tatler.
CROCK
Crock (krk), n. Etym: [AS. croc, croca, crog, croh; akin to D. kruik,
G. krug, Icel. krukka, Dan. krukke, Sw. kruka; but cf. W. crwc
bucket, pail, crochan pot, cregen earthen vessel, jar. Cf. Cruet.]
Defn: Any piece of crockery, especially of coarse earthenware; an earthen pot or pitcher. Like foolish flies about an honey crock. Spenser.
CROCK
Crock, v. t.
Defn: To lay up in a crock; as, to crock butter. Halliwell.
CROCKER
Crock"er (-r), n.
Defn: A potter. [Obs.] Wyclif.
CROCKERY
Crock"er*y ( krk"r-), n. Etym: [From Crock an earthen vessel.]
Defn: Earthenware; vessels formed of baked clay, especially the coarser kinds.
CROCKET Crock"et (krk"t), n. Etym: [OF. croquet, F. crochet, dim. of croc hook. See Crook, and cf. Crotchet.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: An ornament often resembling curved and bent foliage, projecting from the sloping edge of a gable, spire, etc.
2. A croche, or knob, on the top of a stag's antler. The antlers and the crockets. W. Black.
CROCKETED
Crock"et*ed, a. (Arch.)
Defn: Ornamented with crockets.
CROCKETING
Crock"et*ing, n. (Arch.)
Defn: Ornamentation with crockets. Ruskin.
CROCKY
Crock"y (-), a. Etym: [From Crock soot.]
Defn: Smutty.
CROCODILE
Croc"o*dile (krk"-dl; 277), n. Etym: [L. crocodilus, Gr. crocodile.
Cf. Cookatrice.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A large reptile of the genus Crocodilus, of several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the Nile (C. vulgaris, or C. Niloticus). The Florida crocodile (C. Americanus) is much less common than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the gavial and the alligator.
2. (Logic)
Defn: A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile. Crocodile bird (Zoöl.), an African plover (Pluvianus ægypticus) which alights upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; — called also Nile bird. It is the trochilos of ancient writers. — Crocodile tears, false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; — derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their prey.
CROCODILIA Croc`o*dil"i*a (-dl"-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. crocodilus crocodile.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of reptiles including the crocodiles, gavials, alligators, and many extinct kinds.
CROCODILIAN
Croc`o*dil"i*an (krk`-dl"-an), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the crocodile; characteristic of the crocodile. — n.
Defn: One of the Crocodilia.
CROCODILITY
Croc`o*dil"i*ty (—t), n. (Logic)
Defn: A caption or sophistical mode of arguing. [R.]
CROCOISITE
Cro"cois*ite (kr"kois-t), n. Etym: [Cf. F. croco.] (Min.)
Defn: Same as Crocoite.
CROCOITE
Cro"co*ite (kr"k-t), n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)
Defn: Lead chromate occuring in crystals of a bright hyacinth red color; — called also red lead ore.
CROCONATE
Cro"con*ate (kr"kn-t), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A salt formed by the union of croconic acid with a base.
CROCONIC
Cro*con"ic (kr-kn"k), a. Etym: [Gr.
1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling saffron; having the color of saffron; as, croconic acid.
2. Pertaining to, or derived from, croconic acid.
Croconic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, C5O3(OH)2, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts.
CROCOSE
Cro"cose (kr"ks), n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: A white crystalline sugar, metameric with glucose, obtained from the coloring matter of saffron. [Written also crokose.]
CROCUS
Cro"cus (kr"ks), n. Etym: [L., saffron, fr. Gr. kark, Ar. kurkum,
Skr. ku.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of iridaceous plants, with pretty blossoms rising separately from the bulb or corm. C. vernus is one of the earliest of spring-blooming flowers; C. sativus produces the saffron, and blossoms in the autumn.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: A deep yellow powder; the oxide of some metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color; esp., the oxide of iron (Crocus of Mars or colcothar) thus produced from salts of irron, and used as a polishing powder. Crocus of Venus (Old Chem.), oxide of copper.
CROESUS
Croe"sus (kr"ss), n. Etym: [L., fr. G.
Defn: A king of Lydia who flourished in the 6th century b. c., and was renowned for his vast wealth; hence, a common appellation for a very rich man; as, he is veritable Croesus.
CROFT
Croft (krft; 115), n. Etym: [AS. croft; akin to D. kroft hillock; cf.
Gael. croit hump, croft.]
Defn: A small, inclosed field, adjoining a house; a small farm.
A few small crofts of stone-encumbered ground. Wordsworth.
CROFTER
Croft"er (-r), n.
Defn: One who rents and tills a small farm or helding; as, the crofters of Scotland.
CROFTING
Croft"ing, n.
1. Croftland. [Scot.] Jamieson.
2. (Textile Manuf.)
Defn: Exposing linen to the sun, on the grass, in the process of bleaching.
CROFTLAND
Croft"land (-lnd), n.
Defn: Land of superior quality, on which successive crops are raised.
[Scot.] Jamieson.
CROFTON SYSTEM
Crof"ton sys"tem. [After Sir Walter Crofton, Irish penologist.]
(Penology)
Defn: A system of prison discipline employing for consecutive periods cellular confinement, associated imprisonment under the mark system, restraint intermediate between imprisonment and freedom, and liberation on ticket of leave.
CROIS
Crois (krois). n. Etym: [OF.]
Defn: See Cross, n. [Obs.]
CROISADE; CROISADO
Croi*sade" (kroi-sd"), Croi*sa"do (-s"d), n. Etym: [F. criosade. See
Crusade.]
Defn: A holy war; a crusade. [Obs.] Bacon.
CROISE Croise (krois), n. Etym: [F. crois crusader, fr. OF. crois, F. croix, cross. See Cross.]
1. A pilgrim bearing or wearing a cross. [Obs.]
2. A crusader. [Obs.] The conquesta of the croises extending over Palestine. Burke.
CROISSANTE Crois`san`te" (krw`sn`t"), a. Etym: [F. croissant, adj. & n., crescent.] (Her.)
Defn: Terminated with crescent; — said of a cross the ends of which are so terminated.
CROKER
Cro"ker (kr"kr), n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A cultivator of saffron; a dealer in saffron. [Obs.] Holinshed.
CROMA
Cro"ma (kr"m), n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)
Defn: A quaver. [Obs.]
CROMLECH Crom"lech (krm"l*k), n. Etym: [W. cromlech; crom bending or bent, concave + llech a flat stone; akin to Ir. cromleac.] (Arch
Defn: A monument of rough stones composed of one or more large ones supported in a horizontal position upon others. They are found chiefly in countris inhabited by the ancient Celts, and are of a period anterior to the introduction of Christianity into these countries.
CROMORNA
Cro*mor"na (kr-mr"n), n. Etym: [F. cromorne (cf. It. cromorno0, fr.
G. krummhorn crooked horn, cornet, an organ pipe turned like a
trumpet; krumm crooked + horn horn.] (Mus.)
Defn: A certain reed stop in the organ, of a quality of tone resembling that of the oboe. [Corruptly written cromona.]
CRONE
Crone (krn), n. Etym: [OD. kronie, karonie, an old sheep, OF.
carogne, F. charogne, carrion (also F. carogne illnatured woman.).
See Carrion, and Crony.]
1. An old ewe. [Obs.] Tusser.
2. An old woman; — usually in contempt. But still the crone was constant to her note. Dryden.
3. An old man; especially, a man who talks and acts like an old woman. [R.] The old crone [a negro man] lived in a hovel, . . . which his master had given him. W. Irving. A few old battered crones of office. Beaconsfield.
CRONEL
Cro"nel (kr"nl), n. Etym: [Cf. Coronel spearhead, Crown.]
Defn: The iron head of a tilting spear.
CRONET
Cro"net (kr"nt), n. Etym: [Cf. Coronet, Crownet.]
Defn: The coronet of a horse.
CRONIAN
Cro"ni*an (kr"n-an), a. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Saturnian; — applied to the North Polar Sea. [R.] Milton.
CRONSTEDTITE
Cron"stedt*ite (krn"stt-t), n. (Min.)
Defn: A mineral consisting principally of silicate of iron, and crystallizing in hexagonal prisms with perfect basal cleavage; — so named from the Swedish mineralogist Cronstedt.
CRONY
Cro"ny (kr"n), n.; pl. Cronies (-n. Etym: [Orig., an old woman. See
Crone.]
1. A crone. [Obs.] "Marry not an old crony." Burton.
2. An intimate companion; a familiar frend. [Colloq.] He soon found his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time. W. Irving.
CROODLE
Croo"dle (kr"d'l), v. i. Etym: [Cf. Cruddle, Crudle.]
1. To cower or cuddle together, as from fear or cold; to lie close and snug together, as pigs in straw. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Forby. A dove to fly home her nest and croodle there. C. Kingsley.
2. To fawn or coax. [Obs.]
3. To coo. [Scot.]
CROOK Crook (krk), n. Etym: [OE. crok; akin to Icel. kr hook,bend, SW. krok, Dan. krog, OD. krooke; or cf. Gael. crecan crook, hook, W. crwca crooked. Cf. Crosier, Crotchet, Crutch, Encroach.]
1. A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure. Through lanes, and crooks, and darkness. Phaer.
2. Any implement having a bent or crooked end. Especially: (a) The staff used by a shepherd, the hook of which serves to hold a runaway sheep. (b) A bishop's staff of office. Cf. Pastoral stafu. He left his crook, he left his flocks. Prior.
3. A pothook. "As black as the crook." Sir W. Scott.
4. An artifice; trick; tricky device; subterfuge. For all yuor brags, hooks, and crooks. Cranmer.
5. (Mus.)
Defn: A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or key.
6. A person given to fraudulent practices; an accomplice of thieves, forgers, etc. [Cant, U.S.] By hook or by crook, in some way or other; by fair means or foul.
CROOK
Crook (krk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crooked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crooking.] Etym: [OE. croken; cf. Sw. kr, Dan. kr. See Crook, n.]
1. To turn from a straight line; to bend; to curve. Crook the pregnant hinges of the knee. Shak.
2. To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to misapply; to twist. [Archaic] There is no one thing that crooks youth more than such unlawfull games. Ascham. What soever affairs pass such a man's hands, he crooketh them to his own ends. Bacon.
CROOK
Crook, v. i.
Defn: To bend; to curve; to wind; to have a curvature. " The port . . . crooketh like a bow." Phaer. Their shoes and pattens are snouted, and piked more than a finger long, crooking upwards. Camden.
CROOKBACK
Crook"back` (krk"bk), n.
Defn: A crooked back; one who has a crooked or deformed back; a hunchback.
CROOKBACK
Crook"back`, a.
Defn: Hunched. Shak. `
CROOKBILL
Crook"bill` ( -bl`), n. (Zoöl)
Defn: A New Zealand plover (Anarhynchus frontalis), remarkable for having the end of the beak abruptly bent to the right.
CROOKED
Crook"ed (krk"d), a.
1. Characterized by a crook or curve; not straight; turning; bent; twisted; deformed. "Crooked paths." Locke. he is deformed, crooked, old, and sere. Shak.
2. Not straightforward; deviating from rectitude; distorted from the right. They are a perverse and crooked generation. Deut. xxxii. 5.
3. False; dishonest; fraudulent; as, crooked dealings. Crooked whisky, whisky on wich the paiment of duty has been fraudulently evaded. [Slang, U.S.] Barlett.
CROOKEDLY
Crook"ed*ly, adv.
Defn: In a curved or crooked manner; in a perverse or untoward manner.
CROOKEDNESS
Crook"ed*ness, n.
Defn: The condition or quality of being crooked; hence, deformity of body or of mind; deviation from moral rectitude; perverseness.
CROOKEN
Crook"en (krk"'n), v. t.
Defn: To make crooked. [Obs.]
CROOKES SPACE Crookes space (krooks). [After Sir William Crookes, English chemist, who first described it.] (Physics)
Defn: The dark space within the negative-pole glow at the cathode of a vacuum tube, observed only when the pressure is low enough to give a striated discharge; — called also Crookes layer.
CROOKES TUBE
Crookes" tube` (krks" tb`). (Phys.)
Defn: A vacuum tube in which the exhaustion is carried to a very high degree, with the production of a distinct class of effects; — so called from W. Crookes who introduced it.
CROOKNECK
Crook"neck`, n.
Defn: Either of two varieties of squash, distinguished by their tapering, recurved necks. The summer crookneck is botanically a variety of the pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) and matures early in the season. It is pale yellow in color, with warty excrescences. The winter crookneck belongs to a distinct species (C. moschata) and is smooth and often striped. [U. S.]
CROON
Croon (krn), v. i. Etym: [OE. croinen, cf. D. kreunen to moan.
1. To make a continuous hollow moan, as cattle do when in pain. [Scot.] Jamieson.
2. To hum or sing in a low tone; to murmur softly. Here an old grandmother was crooning over a sick child, and rocking it to and fro. Dickens.
CROON
Croon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crooned (krnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crooning.]
1. To sing in a low tone, as if to one's self; to hum. Hearing such stanzas crooned in her praise. C. Bront
2. To soothe by singing softly. The fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and crooned himself asleep. Dickens.
CROON
Croon, n.
1. A low, continued moan; a murmur.
2. A low singing; a plain, artless melody.
CROP Crop (krp), n. Etym: [OE. crop, croppe, craw, top of a plant, harvest, AS. crop, cropp, craw, top, bunch, ear of corn; akin to D. krop craw, G. kropf, Icel. kroppr hump or bunch on the body, body; but cf. also W. cropa, croppa, crop or craw of a bird, Ir. & Gael. sgroban. Cf. Croup, Crupper, Croup.]
1. The pouchlike enlargement of the gullet of birds, serving as a receptacle for food; the craw.
2. The top, end, or highest part of anything, especially of a plant or tree. [Obs.] "Crop and root." Chaucer.
3. That which is cropped, cut, or gathered from a single felld, or of a single kind of grain or fruit, or in a single season; especially, the product of what is planted in the earth; fruit; harvest. Lab'ring the soil, and reaping plenteous crop, Corn, wine, and oil. Milton.
4. Grain or other product of the field while standing.
5. Anything cut off or gathered. Guiltless of steel, and from the razor free, It falls a plenteous crop reserved for thee. Dryden.
6. Hair cut close or short, or the act or style of so cutting; as, a convict's crop.
7. (Arch.)
Defn: A projecting ornament in carved stone. Specifically, a finial.
[Obs.]
8. (Mining.) (a) Tin ore prepared for smelting. (b) Outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface. Knight.
9. A riding whip with a loop instead of a lash. Neck and crop, altogether; roughly and at once. [Colloq.]
CROP
Crop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cropped (krpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Cropping.]
1. To cut off the tops or tips of; to bite or pull off; to browse; to pluck; to mow; to reap. I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one. Ezek. xvii. 22.
2. Fig.: To cut off, as if in harvest. Death . . . .crops the growing boys. Creech.
3. To cause to bear a crop; as, to crop a field.
CROP
Crop, v. i.
Defn: To yield harvest. To crop out. (a) (Geol.) To appear above the surface, as a seam or vein, or inclined bed, as of coal. (b) To come to light; to be manifest; to appear; as, the peculiarities of an author crop out. — To crop up, to sprout; to spring up. "Cares crop up in villas." Beaconsfield.
CROP-EAR
Crop"-ear` (krp"r`), n.
Defn: A person or animal whose ears are cropped.
CROP-EARED
Crop"-eared` (krp"rd`), a.
Defn: Having the ears cropped.
CROPFUL
Crop"ful (-fl), a.
Defn: Having a full crop or belly; satiated. Milton.
CROPPER
Crop"per (krp"pr), n.
1. One that crops.
2. A variety of pigeon with a large crop; a pouter.
3. (Mech.)
Defn: A machine for cropping, as for shearing off bolts or rod iron, or for facing cloth.
4. A fall on one's head when riding at full speed, as in hunting; hence, a sudden failure or collapse. [Slang.]
CROPSICK
Crop"sick` (kr"sk`), a.
Defn: Sick from excess in eating or drinking. [Obs.] "Cropsick
drunkards." Tate.
— Crop"sick`ness, n. [Obs.] Whitlock.
CROP-TAILED
Crop"-tailed` (-tld`), a.
Defn: Having the tail cropped.
CROQUANTE
Cro`quante", n. [F.]
Defn: A brittle cake or other crisp pastry.
CROQUET Cro*quet" (kr-k"), n. Etym: [From French; cf. Walloon croque blow, fillip. F. croquet a crisp biscuit, croquer to crunch, fr. croc a crackling sound, of imitative origin. Croquet then properly meant a smart tap on the ball.]
1. An open-air game in which two or more players endeavor to drive wooden balls, by means of mallets, through a series of hoops or arches set in the ground according to some pattern.
2. The act of croqueting.
CROQUET
Cro*quet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Croqueted (-kd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Croqueting (-k"ng).]
Defn: In the game of croquet, to drive away an opponent's ball, after putting one's own in contact with it, by striking one's own ball with the mallet.
CROQUETTE
Cro*quette", n. Etym: [F., fr. croquer to crunch.] (Cookery)
Defn: A ball of minced meat, fowl, rice, or other ingredients, highly seasoned, and fried.
CRORE
Crore (krr), n. Etym: [Hind. karor, Skr. koTi.]
Defn: Ten millions; as, a crore of rupees (which is nearly $5,000,000). [East Indies] Malcolm.
CROSIER Cro"sier (kr"zhr), n. Etym: [OE. rocer, croser, croyser, fr. croce crosier, OF. croce, croche, F. crosse, fr. LL. crocea, crocia, from the same German or Celtic sourse as F. croc hook; akin to E. crook.]
Defn: The pastoral staff of a bishop (also of an archbishop, being the symbol of his office as a shepherd of the flock of God.
Note: The true shape of the crosier was with a hooked or curved top; the archbishop's staff alone bore a cross instead of a crook, and was of exceptional, not of regular form. Skeat.
CROSIERED
Cro"siered (-zhrd), a.
Defn: Bearing a crosier.
CROSLET
Cros"let (krs"lt; 115), n.
Defn: See Crosslet.
CROSS
Cross (krs; 115), n. Etym: [OE. crois, croys, cros; the former fr.
OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, fr. L. crux; the second is perh. directly
fr. Prov. cros, crotz. fr. the same L. crux; cf. Icel. kross. Cf.
Crucial, Crusade, Cruise, Crux.]
1. A gibbet, cosisting of two pieces of timber placed transversely upon one another, in various forms, as a T, or +, with the horizontal piece below the upper end of the upright, or as an X. It was anciently used in the execution of criminals. Nailed to the cross By his own nation. Milton.
2. The sign or mark of the cross, made with the finger, or in ink, etc., or actually represented in some material; the symbol of Christ's death; the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity, of a Christian people, and of Christendom. The custom of making the sign of the cross with the hand or finger, as a means of conferring blessing or preserving from evil, is very old. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Before the cross has waned the crescent's ray. Sir W. Scott. Tis where the cross is preached. Cowper.
3. Affiction regarded as a test of patience or virtue; trial; disappointment; opposition; misfortune. Heaven prepares a good man with crosses. B. Jonson.
4. A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general. I should bear no cross if I did bear you; for I think you have no money in your purse. Shak.
5. An appendage or ornament or anything in the form of a cross; a badge or ornamental device of the general shape of a cross; hence, such an ornament, even when varying considerably from that form; thus, the Cross of the British Order of St. George and St. Michael consist of a central medallion with seven arms radiating from it.
6. (Arch.)
Defn: A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted bu a cross,
set up in a public place; as, a market cross; a boundary cross;
Charing Cross in London.
Dun-Edin's Cross, a pillared stone, Rose on a turret octagon. Sir W.
Scott.
7. (Her.)
Defn: A common heraldic bearing, of which there are many varieties.
See the Illustration, above.
8. The crosslike mark or symbol used instead of a signature by those
unable to write.
Five Kentish abbesses . . . .subscribed their names and crosses.
Fuller.
9. Church lands. [Ireland] [Obs.] Sir J. Davies.
10. A line drawn across or through another line.
11. Hence: A mixing of breeds or stock, especially in cattle breeding; or the product of such intermixture; a hybrid of any kind. Toning down the ancient Viking into a sort of a cross between Paul Jones and Jeremy Diddler. Lord Dufferin.
12. (Surveying)
Defn: An instrument for laying of offsets perpendicular to the main course.
13. (Mech.)
Defn: A pipe-fitting with four branches the axes of which usually form's right angle. Cross and pile, a game with money, at which it is put to chance whether a coin shall fall with that side up which bears the cross, or the other, which is called pile, or reverse; the game called heads or tails. — Cross bottony or bottoné. See under Bottony. — Cross estoilé (Her.). a cross, each of whose arms is pointed like the ray of a star; that is, a star having four long points only. — Cross of Calvary. See Calvary, 3. — Southern cross. (Astron.) See under Southern. — To do a thing on the cross, to act dishonestly; — opposed to acting on the square. [Slang] — To take up the cross, to bear troubles and afflictions with patience from love to Christ.
CROSS
Cross (krs), a.
1. Not parallel; lying or falling athwart; transverse; oblique; intersecting. The cross refraction of the second prism. Sir I. Newton.
2. Not accordant with what is wished or expected; interrupting; adverse; contrary; thwarting; perverse. "A cross fortune." Jer. Taylor. The cross and unlucky issue of my design. Glanvill. The article of the resurrection seems to lie marvelously cross to the common experience of mankind. South. We are both love's captives, but with fates so cross, One must be happy by the other's loss. Dryden.
3. Characterized by, or in a state of, peevishness, fretfullness, or ill humor; as, a cross man or woman. He had received a cross answer from his mistress. Jer. Taylor.
4. Made in an opposite direction, or an inverse relation; mutually inverse; interchanged; as, cross interrogatories; cross marriages, as when a brother and sister marry persons standing in the same relation to each other. Cross action (Law), an action brought by a party who is sued against the person who has sued him, upon the same subject matter, as upon the same contract. Burrill. — Cross aisle (Arch.), a transept; the lateral divisions of a cruciform church. — Cross axie. (a) (Mach.) A shaft, windlass, or roller, worked by levers at opposite ends, as in the copperplate printing press. (b) A driving axle. with cranks set at an angle of 90º with each other. — Cross bedding (Geol.), oblique lamination of horizontal beds, — Cross bill. See in the Vocabulary. — Cross bitt. Same as Crosspiece. — Cross bond, a form of bricklaying, in which the joints of one stretcher course come midway between those of the stretcher courses above and below, a course of headers and stretchers intervening. See Bond, n., 8. — Cross breed. See in the Vocabulary. — Cross breeding. See under Breeding. — Cross buttock, a particular throw in wrestling; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse. Smollet. — Cross country, across the country; not by the road. "The cross- country ride." Cowper. — Cross fertilization, the fertilization of the female products of one physiological individual by the male products of another, — as the fertilization of the ovules of one plant by pollen from another. See Fertilization. — Cross file, a double convex file, used in dressing out the arms or crosses of fine wheells. — Cross fire (Mil.), lines of fire, from two or more points or places, crossing each other. — Cross forked. (Her.) See under Forked. — Cross frog. See under Frog. — Cross furrow, a furrow or trench cut across other furrows to receive the water running in them and conduct it to the side of the field. — Cross handle, a handle attached transversely to the axis of a tool, as in the augur. Knight. — Cross lode (Mining), a vein intersecting the true or principal lode. — Cross purpose. See Cross-purpose, in the Vocabulary. — Cross reference, a reference made from one part of a book or register to another part, where the same or an allied subject is treated of. — Cross sea (Naut.), a chopping sea, in which the waves run in contrary directions. — Cross stroke, a line or stroke across something, as across the letter t. — Cross wind, a side wind; an unfavorable wind. — Cross wires, fine wires made to traverse the field of view in a telescope, and moved by a screw with a graduated head, used for delicate astronomical observations; spider lines. Fixed cross wires are also used in microscopes, etc.
Syn.
— Fretful; peevish. See Fretful.
CROSS
Cross, prep.
Defn: Athwart; across. [Archaic or Colloq.] A fox was taking a walk one night cross a village. L'Estrange. To go cross lots, to go across the fields; totake a short cut. [Colloq.]
CROSS
Cross, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crossed (krst; 115); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crossing.]
1. To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the arms.
2. To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the letter t.
3. To pass from one side to the other of; to pass or move over; to traverse; as, to cross a stream. A hunted hare . . . crosses and confounds her former track. I. Watts.
4. To pass, as objects going in an opposite direction at the same time. "Your kind letter crossed mine." J. D. Forbes.
5. To run counter to; to thwart; to obstruct; to hinder; to clash or
interfere with.
In each thing give him way; cross him in nothing. Shak.
An oyster may be crossed onlove. Sheridan.
6. To interfere and cut off; to debar. [Obs.] To cross me from the golden time I look for. Shak.
7. To make the sign of the cross upon; — followed by the reflexive pronoun; as, he crossed himself.
8. To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across; to erase; — usually with out, off, or over; as, to cross out a name.
9. To cause to interbreed; — said of different stoocks or races; to mix the breed of. To cross one's path, to oppose one's plans. Macualay.
CROSS
Cross, v. i.
1. To lie or be athwart.
2. To move or pass from one side to the other, or from place to place; to make a transit; as, to cross from New York to Liverpool.
3. To be inconsistent. [Obs.] Men's actions do not always cross with reason. Sir P. Sidney.
4. To interbreed, as races; to mix distinct breeds. If two individuals of distinct races cross, a third is invariably produced different from either. Coleridge.
CROSS-ARMED
Cross"-armed` (krs"rmd), a.
Defn: With arms crossed.
CROSS-BANDED
Cross"-band`ed (-bnd`d), a.
Defn: A term used when a narrow ribbon of veneer is inserted into the surfase of any piece of furniture, wainscoting, etc., so that the grain of it is contrary to the general surface.
CROSSBAR
Cross"bar` (-br`), n.
Defn: A transverse bar or piece, as a bar across a door, or as the iron bar or stock which passes through the shank of an anchor to insure its turning fluke down. Russell. Crossbar shot, a projectile which folds into a sphere for loading, but on leaving the gun expands to a cross with a quarter ball at the end of each arm; — used in naval actions for cutting the enemy's rigging.
CROSSBARRED
Cross"barred` (-brd`), a.
1. Secured by, or furnished with, crossbars. Milton.
2. Made or patterned in lines crossing each other; as, crossbarred muslin.
CROSSBEAK
Cross"beak` (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Same as Crossbill.
CROSSBEAM
Cross"beam` (-bm`). n.
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A girder.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A beam laid across the bitts, to which the cable is fastened when riding at anchor.
CROSS-BEARER
Cross"-bear`er (-br`r), n. (R.C.Ch.)
Defn: A subdeacon who bears a cross before an archbishop or primate on solemn occasions.
CROSSBILL
Cross"bill` (-bl`). (Law)
Defn: A bill brought by a defendant, in an equity or chancery suit, against the plaintiff, respecting the matter in question in that suit. Bouvier.
Note: In criminal practice, cross bills of indictment for assault, in which the prosecutor in once case is the defendant in another, may be tried together.
CROSSBILL
Cross"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bird of the genus Loxia, allied to the finches. Their mandibles are strongly curved and cross each other; the crossbeak.
CROSS-BIRTH
Cross"-birth` (-brth`), n. (Med.)
Defn: Any preternatural labor, in whiche the boly of the child lies across the pelvis of the mother, so that the shoulder, arm, or trunk is the part first presented at the mouth of the uterus.
CROSSBITE
Cross"bite` (-bt`), n.
Defn: A deeption; a cheat. [Obs.]
CROSSBITE
Cross"bite", b. t.
Defn: To deceive; to trick; to gull. [Obs.]
CROSSBONES
Cross"bones` (-bnz`), n. pl.
Defn: A representation of two of the leg bones or arm bones of a skeleton, laid crosswise, often surmounted with a skull, and serving as a symbol of death. Crossbones, scythes, hourglasses, and other lugubrios emblems of mortality. Hawthorne.
CROSSBOW
Cross"bow` (-b`), n. (Archery)
Defn: A weapon, used in discharging arrows, formed by placing a bow crosswise on a stock.
CROSSBOWER
Cross"bow`er (-b`r), n.
Defn: A crossbowman.[Obs.]
CROSSBOWMAN
Cross"bow`man (-man), n.
Defn: One who shoots with a crossbow. See Arbalest.
CROSSBRED
Cross"bred` (-brd`), a. (Stock Breeding)
Defn: Produced by mixing distinct breeds; mongrel.
CROSSBREED
Cross"breed` (-brd`), n.
1. A breed or an animal produced from parents of different breeds; a new variety, as of plants, combining the qualites of two parent varieties or stocks.
2. Anything partaking of the natures of two different things; a hybrid.
CROSS-BUN
Cross"-bun` (-bn`), n.
Defn: A bun or cake marked with a cross, and intended to be eaten on
Good Friday.
CROSS-BUTTOCK
Cross"-but`tock, n. (Wrestling)
Defn: A throw in which the wrestler turns his left side to his opponent, places his left leg across both legs of his opponent, and pulls him forward over his hip; hence, an unexpected defeat or repulse.
CROSS-CROSSLET
Cross`-cross"let (-krs"lt; 115), n. (Her.)
Defn: A cross having the three upper ends crossed, so as to from three small crosses.
CROSSCUT
Cross"cut` (-kt`)
Defn: , v. t. To cut across or through; to intersect.
CROSSCUT
Cross"cut`, n.
1. A short cut across; a path shorter than by the high road.
2. (Mining)
Defn: A level driven across the course of a vein, or across the main workings, as from one gangway to another. Crosscut saw. (a) A saw, the teeth of which are so set as to adapt it for sawing wood crosswise of the grain rather than lengthwise. (b) A saw managed by two men, one at each end, for cutting large logs crosswise.
CROSS-DAYS
Cross"-days` (-dz`), n. pl. (Eccl.)
Defn: The three days preceding the Feast of the Ascension.
CROSSE
Crosse, n. [F., crosier, hooked stick.]
Defn: The implement with which the ball is thrown and caught in the game of lacrosse.
CROSSETTE Cros*sette" (krs-st`), n. Etym: [F., dim. of crosse. See Crosier.] (Arch.) (a) A return in one of the corners of the architrave of a door or window; — called also ancon, ear, elbow. (b) The shoulder of a joggled keystone.
CROSS-EXAMINATION
Cross"-ex*am`i*na"tion (krs"gz-m`-n"shn; 115), n. (Low)
Defn: The interrogating or questioning of a witness by the party against whom he has been called and examined. See Examination.
CROSS-EXAMINE Cross"-ex*am"ine (-m"n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cross-examined (-nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cross-examining.] (Low)
Defn: To examine or question, as a witness who has been called and examined by the opposite party. "The opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses." Kent.
CROSS-EXAMINER
Cross"-ex*am"in*er (-r), n.
Defn: One who cross-examines or conducts a crosse-examination.
CROSS-EYE
Cross"-eye` (-`), n.
Defn: See Strabismus.
CROSS-EYED
Cross"-eyed` (-d`), a.
Defn: Affected with strabismus; squint-eyed; squinting.
CROSS-FERTILIZE Cross"-fer"ti*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cross-fertilized; p. pr. & vb. n. Cross-fertilizing.] (Bot.)
Defn: To fertilize, as the stigmas of a flower or plant, with the pollen from another individual of the same species.
CROSSFISH
Cross"fish` (-fsh`), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A starfish.
CROSSFLOW
Cross"flow` (-fl`), v. i.
Defn: To flow across, or in a contrary direction. "His crossflowing course." Milton.
CROSS-GARNET
Cross"-gar`net (krs"gr`nt), n.
Defn: A hinge having one strap perpendicular and the other strap horizontal giving it the form of an Egyptian or T cross.
CROSSGRAINED
Cross"grained (-grnd`), a.
1. Having the grain or fibers run diagonally, or more or less transversely an irregularly, so as to interfere with splitting or planing. If the stuff proves crossgrained, . . . then you must turn your stuff to plane it the contrary way. Moxon.
2. Perverse; untractable; contrary. She was none of your crossgrained, termagant, scolding jades. Arbuthnot.
CROSSHATCH
Cross"hatch` (-hch`; 224), v. t.
Defn: To shade by means of crosshatching.
CROSSHATCHING
Cross"hatch`ing, n.
Defn: In drawing and line engraving, shading with lines that cross one another at an angle.
CROSSHEAD
Cross"head` (-hd), n. (Mach.)
Defn: A beam or bar across the head or end of a rod, etc., or a block attached to it and carrying a knuckle pin; as the solid crosspiece running between parallel slides, which receives motion from the piston of a steam engine and imparts it to the connecting rod, which is hinged to the crosshead.
CROSSING
Cross"ing, n. Etym: [See Cross, v. t. ]
1. The act by which anything is crossed; as, the crossing of the ocean.
2. The act of making the sign of the cross. Bp. Hall.
3. The act of interbreeding; a mixing of breeds.
4. Intersection, as of two paths or roads.
5. A place where anything (as a stream) is crossed; a paved walk across a street.
6. Contradiction; thwarting; obstruction. I do not bear these crossings. Shak.
CROSSJACK
Cross"jack` (krs"jk` or kr"jk`), n. (Naut.)
Defn: The lowest square sail, or the lower yard of the mizzenmast.
CROSSLEGGED
CRoss"legged` (-lgd`), a.
Defn: Having the legs crossed.
CROSSLET
Cross"let (-lEt), n. Etym: [Dim. of cross.]
1. A small cross. Spenser.
2. Etym: [Cf. OF. croisel crucible, and E. Cresset.]
Defn: A crucible. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CROSSLET
Cross"let, a. (Her.)
Defn: Crossed again; — said of a cross the arms of which are crossed. SeeCross-crosslet.
CROSSLY
Cross"ly, adv.
Defn: Athwart; adversely; unfortunately; peevishly; fretfully; with ill humor.
CROSSNESS
Cross"ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being cross; peevishness; fretfulness; ill humor.
CROSSOPTERYGIAN
Cros*sop`ter*yg"i*an (krs-sp`tr-j-an), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Crossopterygii.
— n.
Defn: One of the Crossopterygii.
CROSSOPTERYGII
Cros*sop`te*ryg"i*i (krs-sp`t-rj-), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of ganoid fishes including among living species the bichir (Polypterus). See Brachioganoidei.
CROSSPATCH
Cross"patch` (-pch`; 224), n.
Defn: An ill-natured person. [Colloq.] "Crosspatch, draw the latch."
Mother Goose.
CROSS-PAWL
Cross"-pawl` (-pl`), n. (Shipbuilding)
Defn: Same as Cross-spale.
CROSSPIECE
Cross"piece` (krs"ps`; 115), n.
1. A piece of any structure which is fitted or framed crosswise.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A bar or timber connecting two knightheads or two bitts.
CROSS-PURPOSE
Cross"-pur`pose (-pr`ps), n.
1. A counter or opposing purpose; hence, that which is inconsistent or contradictory. Shaftesbury.
2. pl.
Defn: A conversational game, in which questions and answers are made so as to involve ludicrous combinations of ideas. Pepys. To be at cross-purposes, to misunderstand or to act counter to one another without intending it; — said of persons.
CROSS-QUESTION Cross"-ques`tion (-kws`chn), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cross-questioned (- chnd), p. pr. & vb. n. Cross-questioning.]
Defn: To cross-examine; to subject to close questioning.
CROSS-READING
Cross"-read`ing (rd`ng), n.
Defn: The reading of the lines of a newspaper directly across the page, instead of down the columns, thus producing a ludicrous combination of ideas.
CROSSROAD
Cross"road` (-rd`), n.
Defn: A road that crosses another; an obscure road intersecting or avoiding the main road.
CROSSROW
Cross"row` (-r`), n.
1. The alphabet; — called also Christcross-row. And from the crossrow plucks the letter G. Shak.
2. A row that crosses others.
CROSSRUFF
Cross"ruff` (-rf`), n. (Whist)
Defn: The play in whist where partners trump each a different suit, and lead to each other for that purpose; — called also seesaw.
CROSS-SPALE; CROSS-SPALL
Cross"-spale` (-spl`), Cross"-spall` (-spl`), n. Etym: [See Spale &
Spall.] (Shipbuilding)
Defn: One of the temporary wooden braces, placed horizontally across a frame to hold it in position until the deck beams are in; a cross- pawl.
CROSS-SPRINGER
Cross"-spring`er (-sprng`r), n. (Arch.)
Defn: One of the ribs in a groined arch, springing from the corners in a diagonal direction.
Note: [See Illustr. of Groined vault.]
CROSS-STAFF
Cross"-staff` (-stf`), n.
1. An instrument formerly used at sea for taking the altitudes of celestial bodies.
2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring offsets.
CROSS-STITCH
Cross"-stitch` (-stch`; 224), n.
Defn: A form of stitch, where the stitches are diagonal and in pairs,
the thread of one stitch crossing that of the other. "Tent and cross-
stitch." Sir W. Scott.
— Cross"-stitch`, v. t. & i.
CROSS-STONE
Cross"-stone` (-stn`), n. (Min.)
Defn: See Harmotome, and Staurotide.
CROSS-TAIL
Cross"-tail` (-tl`), n. (Steam Engine)
Defn: A bar connecting the ends of the side rods or levers of a backaction or side-lever engine.
CROSS-TIE
Cross"-tie` (-t`), n. (Railroad)
Defn: A sleeper supporting and connecting the rails, and holding them in place.
CROSS-TINING
Cross"-tin`ing (krs"tn`ng), n. (Agric.)
Defn: A mode of harrowing crosswise, or transversely to the ridges.
Crabb.
CROSSTREES
Cross"trees` (-trz`), n. pl. (Naut.)
Defn: Pieces of timber at a masthead, to which are attached the upper shrouds. At the head of lower masts in large vessels, they support a semicircular platform called the "top."
CROSS-VAULTING
Cross"-vault`ing (-vlt`ng), n. (Arch.)
Defn: Vaulting formed by the intersection of two or more simple vaults.
CROSSWAY
Cross"way` (-w`), n.
Defn: See Crossroad.
CROSS-WEEK
Cross"-week` (-wk`), n.
Defn: Rogation week, when the cross was borne in processions.
CROSSWISE
Cross"wise` (-wz`), adv.
Defn: In the form of a cross; across; transversely. Longfellow.
CROSSWORT
Cross"wort` (-wrt`), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A name given to several inconspicuous plants having leaves in whorls of four, as species of Crucianella, Valantia, etc.
CROTALARIA
Crot`a*la"ri*a (krt`-l"r- or kr`t-l"r-A), n. Etym: [NL. See
Crotalum.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of leguminous plants; rattlebox.
Note: Crotalaria juncea furnishes the fiber called sunn or Bombay hemp.
CROTALINE
Crot"a*line (krt"-ln or kr`t-), a. Etym: [See Crotalus.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Resembling, or pertaining to, the Crotalidae, or Rattlesnake family.
CROTALO
Crot"a*lo (-l), n.
Defn: A Turkish musical instrument.
CROTALUM
Crot"a*lum (-lm), n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Mus.)
Defn: A kind of castanet used by the Corybantes.
CROTALUS
Crot"a*lus (-ls), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of poisonous serpents, including the rattlesnakes.
CROTAPHITE
Crot"a*phite (krt"-ft), n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: The temple or temporal fossa. Also used adjectively.
CROTAPHITIC
Crot`a*phit"ic (krt`-ft"k), n. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to the temple; temporal.
CROTCH
Crotch (krch; 224), n.; pl. Crotches (-. Etym: [Cf. Crotchet,
Crutch.]
1. The angle formed by the parting of two legs or branches; a fork; the point where a trunk divides; as, the crotch of a tree.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A stanchion or post of wood or iron, with two arms for supporting a boom, spare yards, etc.; — called also crane and crutch. Totten.
CROTCH CHAIN
Crotch chain. (Logging)
Defn: A form of tackle for loading a log sideways on a sled, skidway, etc.
CROTCHED
Crotched (krcht), a.
1. Having a crotch; forked.
2. Cross; peevish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
CROTCHET
Crotch"et (krch"t; 224), n. Etym: [F. crochet, prop., a little hook,
a dim. from the same source as croc hook. See Crook, and cf. Crochet,
Crocket, Crosier.]
1. A forked support; a crotch. The crotchets of their cot in columns rise. Dryden.
2. (Mus.)
Defn: A time note, with a stem, having one fourth the value of a semibreve, one half that of a minim, and twice that of a quaver; a quarter note.
3. (Fort.)
Defn: An indentation in the glacis of the covered way, at a point where a traverse is placed.
4. (Mil.)
Defn: The arrangement of a body of troops, either forward or rearward, so as to form a line nearly perpendicular to the general line of battle.
5. (Print.)
Defn: A bracket. See Bracket.
6. (Med.)
Defn: An instrument of a hooked form, used in certain cases in the extraction of a fetus. Dunglison.
7. A perverse fancy; a whim which takes possession of the mind; a conceit. He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by crotchets that he could never explain to any rational man. De Quincey.
CROTCHET
Crotch"et, v. i.
Defn: To play music in measured time. [Obs.] Donne.
CROTCHETED
Crotch"et*ed, a.
Defn: Marked or measured by crotchets; having musical notation.
Harmar (1587).
CROTCHETINESS
Crotch"et*i*ness (krch"t—ns), n.
Defn: The state or character of being crotchety, or whimsical. This belief in rightness is a kind of conscientiousness, and when it degenerates it becomes crotchetiness. J. Grote.
CROTCHETY
Crotch"et*y (krch"t-), a.
Defn: Given to crotchets; subject to whims; as, a crotchety man.
CROTON
Cro"ton (kr"tn), n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of euphorbiaceous plants belonging to tropical countries. Croton oil (Med.), a viscid, acrid, brownish yellow oil obtained from the seeds of Croton Tiglium, a small tree of the East Indies. It is a most powerful drastic cathartic, and is used externally as a pustulant.
CROTON BUG
Cro"ton bug` (bg`). Etym: [From the Croton water of New York.]
(Zoöl.)
Defn: A small, active, winged species of cockroach (Ectobia Germanica), the water bug. It is common aboard ships, and in houses in cities, esp. in those with hot-water pipes.
CROTONIC
Cro*ton"ic (kr-tn"k), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to, or derived from, a plant of the genus Croton, or from croton oil. Crotonic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline organic acid, C3H5.CO2H, of the ethylene, or acrylic acid series. It was so named because formerly supposed to exist in croton oil. Also, any acid metameric with crotonic acid proper.
Note: The acid characteristic of croton oil is tiglic or tiglinic acid, a derivative of crotonic acid.
CROTONINE
Cro"ton*ine (kr"tn-n), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A supposed alkaloid obtained from croton oil by boiling it with water and magnesia, since found to be merely a magnesia soap of the oil. Watts.
CROTONYLENE
Cro*ton"y*lene (kr-tn"-ln), n. Etym: [Crotonic + acet-ylene.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, C4H6, produced artificially, and regarded as an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the acetylene series, and analogous to crotonic acid.
CROTTLES
Crot"tles (krt"t'lz), n. pl. Etym: [Gael. crotal.]
Defn: A name given to various lichens gathered for dyeing. [Scot.]
CROUCH Crouch (krouch; 129), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crouched (kroucht); p. pr. & vb. n. Crouching.] Etym: [OE. cruchen, crouchen, crouken; cf. E. creep, G. krauchen, kriechen, or E. crook to bend, also crouch to cross.]
1. To bend down; to stoop low; to lie close to the ground with the logs bent, as an animal when waiting for prey, or in fear. Now crouch like a cur. Beau. & Fl.
2. To bend servilely; to stoop meanly; to fawn; to cringe. "A crouching purpose." Wordsworth. Must I stand and crouch Under your testy humor Shak.
CROUCH Crouch, v. t. Etym: [OE. cruchen, crouchen, from cruche, crouche, cross. Cf. Crosier, Crook.]
1. To sign with the cross; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. To bend, or cause to bend, as in humility or fear. She folded her arms across her chest, And crouched her head upon her breast. Colerige.
CROUCHED
Crouched (kroucht), a.
Defn: Marked with the sign of the cross. [Obs.] Crouched friar. See
Crutched friar, under Crutched.
CROUD
Croud (kroud), n. (Mus.)
Defn: See Crowd, a violin.
CROUKE
Crouke (krouk), n.
Defn: A crock; a jar. [Obs.] Chauser.
CROUP
Croup (krp), n. Etym: [F. croupe hind quarters, croup, rump, of
German or Icel. origin; cf. Icel. kryppa hump; akin to Icel. kroppr.
Cf. Crop.]
Defn: The hinder part or buttocks of certain quadrupeds, especially of a horse; hence, the place behind the saddle. So light to the croup the fair lady he swung, So light to the saddle before her he sprung. Sir W. Scott.
CROUP Croup (krp), n. Etym: [Scot. croup, cf. croup, crowp, to croak, to cry or speak with a hoarse voice; cf. also LG. kropp, G. kropf, the crop or craw of a bird, and tumor on the anterior part of the neck, a wen, etc. Cf. Crop.] (Med.)
Defn: An inflammatory affection of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse, ringing cough and stridulous, difficult breathing; esp., such an affection when associated with the development of a false membrane in the air passages (also called membranous croup). See False croup, under False, and Diphtheria.
CROUPADE
Crou*pade" (kr-pd"), n. Etym: [F., fr. croupe hind quarters.] (Man.)
Defn: A leap in which the horse pulls up his hind legs toward his belly.
CROUPAL
Croup"al (krp"al), a.
Defn: Croupy.
CROUPER
Croup"er (krp"r), n.
Defn: See Crupper.
CROUPIER Crou"pi*er (kr, n. Etym: [F.; prop., one who sits on the croup, and hence, in the second place; an assistant. See 1st Croup.]
1. One who presides at a gaming table and collects the stakes.
2. One who, at a public dinner party, sits at the lower end of the table as assistant chairman.
CROUPOUS
Croup"ous (krp"s), a. (Med.)
Defn: Relating to or resembling croup; especially, attended with the formation of a deposit or membrance like that found in membranous croup; as, croupous laryngitis. Croupous pneumonia, pneumonia attended with deposition of fibrinous matter in the air vesicles of the lungs; ordinary acute pneumonia.
CROUPY
Croup"y (krp"), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to croup; resembling or indicating croup; as, a croupy cough.
CROUSE
Crouse (krs), a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: Brisk; lively; bold; self-complacent. [Scot.] Burns.
CROUSTADE
Crou`stade" (kr`std"), n. Etym: [F., fr. cro a crust, OF. crouste.]
(Cookery)
Defn: Bread baked in a mold, and scooped out, to serve minces upon.
Bishop.
CROUT
Crout (krout), n. Etym: [G. kraut.]
Defn: See Sourkrout.
CROUTON
Crou`ton" (kr`tn"), n. Etym: [F. cro, fr. cro a crust.] (Cookery)
Defn: Bread cut in various forms, and fried lightly in butter or oil, to garnish hashes, etc.
CROW Crow (kr), v. i. [imp. Crew (kr or Crowed (kr; p. p. Crowed (Crown (krn), Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Crowing.] Etym: [AS. cr; akin to D. kraijen, G. kr, cf. Lith. groti to croak. sq. root24. Cf. Crake.]
1. To make the shrill sound characteristic of a cock, either in joy, gayety, or defiance. "The cock had crown." Bayron. The morning cock crew loud. Shak.
2. To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.
3. To utter a sound expressive of joy or pleasure.
The sweetest little maid, That ever crowed for kisses. Tennyson.
To crow over, to exult over a vanquished antagonist.
Sennacherib crowing over poor Jerusalem. Bp. Hall.
CROW
Crow, n. Etym: [AS. cr a crow (in sense 1); akin to D. kraai, G. kr;
cf. Icel. kr crow. So named from its cry, from AS. cr to crow. See
Crow, v. i. ]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See Caw.
Note: The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is C. corone. The common American crow is C. Americanus. See Carrion crow, and Illustr., under Carrion.
2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar. Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight Unto my cell. Shak.
3. The cry of the cock. See Crow, v. i., 1.
4. The mesentery of a beast; — so called by butchers. Carrion crow.
See under Carrion.
— Crow blackbird (Zoöl.), an American bird (Quiscalus quiscula); —
called also purple grackle.
— Crow pheasant (Zoöl.), an Indian cuckoo; the common coucal. It is
believed by the natives to give omens. See Coucal.
— Crow shrike (Zoöl.), any bird of the genera Gymnorhina, Craticus,
or Strepera, mostly from Australia.
— Red-legged crow. See Crough.
— As the crow flies, in a direct line.
— To pick a crow, To pluck a crow, to state and adjust a difference
or grievance (with any one).
CROWBAR
Crow"bar` (kr"br), n.
Defn: A bar of iron sharpened at one end, and used as a lever.
CROWBERRY
Crow`ber`ry (kr"br`r), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A heathlike plant of the genus Empetrum, and its fruit, a black, scarcely edible berry; — also called crakeberry.
CROWD
Crowd (kroud), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crowded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Crowding.] Etym: [OE. crouden, cruden, AS. cr; cf. D. kruijen to push
in a wheelbarrow.]
1. To push, to press, to shove. Chaucer.
2. To press or drive together; to mass together. "Crowd us and crush us." Shak.
3. To fill by pressing or thronging together; hence, to encumber by excess of numbers or quantity. The balconies and verandas were crowded with spectators, anxious to behold their future sovereign. Prescott.
4. To press by solicitation; to urge; to dun; hence, to treat discourteously or unreasonably. [Colloq.] To crowd out, to press out; specifically, to prevent the publication of; as, the press of other matter crowded out the article. — To crowd sail (Naut.), to carry an extraordinary amount of sail, with a view to accelerate the speed of a vessel; to carry a press of sail.
CROWD
Crowd, v. i.
1. To press together or collect in numbers; to swarm; to throng. The whole company crowded about the fire. Addison. Images came crowding on his mind faster than he could put them into words. Macaulay.
2. To urge or press forward; to force one's self; as, a man crowds into a room.
CROWD
Crowd, n. Etym: [AS. croda. See Crowd, v. t. ]
1. A number of things collected or closely pressed together; also, a number of things adjacent to each other. A crowd of islands. Pope.
2. A number of persons congregated or collected into a close body without order; a throng. The crowd of Vanity Fair. Macualay. Crowds that stream from yawning doors.—Tennyson.
3. The lower orders of people; the populace; the vulgar; the rabble;
the mob.
To fool the crowd with glorious lies. Tennyson.
He went not with the crowd to see a shrine. Dryden.
Syn.
— Throng; multitude. See Throng.
CROWD Crowd, n. Etym: [W. crwth; akin to Gael. cruit. Perh. named from its shape, and akin to Gr. curve. Cf. Rote.]
Defn: An ancient instrument of music with six strings; a kind of
violin, being the oldest known stringed instrument played with a bow.
[Written also croud, crowth, cruth, and crwth.]
A lackey that . . . can warble upon a crowd a little. B. Jonson.
CROWD
Crowd, v. t.
Defn: To play on a crowd; to fiddle. [Obs.] "Fiddlers, crowd on."
Massinger.
CROWDER
Crowd"er (kroud"r), n.
Defn: One who plays on a crowd; a fiddler. [Obs.] "Some blind crowder." Sir P. Sidney.
CROWDER
Crowd"er, n.
Defn: One who crowds or pushes.
CROWDY
Crow"dy (krou"d), n.
Defn: A thick gruel of oatmeal and milk or water; food of the porridge kind. [Scot.]
CROWFLOWER
Crow"flow`er (kr"flou`r), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A kind of campion; according to Gerarde, the Lychnis Flos- cuculi.
CROWFOOT
Crow"foot` (kr"ft`), n.
1. (Bot.)
Defn: The genus Ranunculus, of many species; some are common weeds, others are flowering plants of considerable beauty.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: A number of small cords rove through a long block, or euphroe, to suspend an awning by.
3. (Mil.)
Defn: A caltrop. [Written also crow's-foot.]
4. (Well Boring)
Defn: A tool with a side claw for recovering broken rods, etc.
Raymond.
CROWKEEPER
Crow"keep`er (-kp`r), n.
Defn: A person employed to scare off crows; hence, a scarecrow.
[Obs.]
Scaring the ladies like a crowkeeper. Shak.
CROWN
Crown (krn),
Defn: p. p. of Crow. [Obs.]
CROWN Crown (kroun), n. Etym: [OE. corone, coroun, crune, croun, OF. corone, corune, F. couronne, fr. L. corona crown, wreath; akin to Gr. curvus curved, E. curve, curb, Gael. cruinn round, W. crwn. Cf. Cornice, Corona, Coroner, Coronet.]
1. A wreath or garland, or any ornamental fillet encircling the head, especially as a reward of victory or mark of honorable distinction; hence, anything given on account of, or obtained by, faithful or successful effort; a reward. "An olive branch and laurel crown." Shak. They do it to obtain a corruptible crown; but we an incorruptiblle. 1 Cor. ix. 25. Be thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown of life. Rev. ii. 10.
2. A royal headdress or cap of sovereignty, worn by emperors, kings, princes, etc.
Note: Nobles wear coronets; the triple crown of the pope is usually called a tiara. The crown of England is a circle of gold with crosses, fleurs-de-lis, and imperial arches, inclosing a crimson velvet cap, and ornamented with thousands of diamonds and precious stones.
3. The person entitled to wear a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; — with the definite article. Parliament may be dissolved by the demise of the crown. Blackstone. Large arrears of pay were due to the civil and military servants of the crown. Macaulay.
4. Imperial or regal power or dominion; sovereignty. There is a power behind the crown greater than the crown itself. Junius.
5. Anything which imparts beauty, splendor, honor, dignity, or finish. The hoary head is a crown of glory, if it be found in the way of righteousness. Prov. xvi. 31. A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband. Prov. xvi. 4.
6. Highest state; acme; consummation; perfection. Mutual love, the crown of all our bliss. Milton.
7. The topmost part of anything; the summit. The steepy crown of the bare mountains. Dryden.
8. The topmost part of the head (see Illust. of Bird.); that part of the head from which the hair descends toward the sides and back; also, the head or brain. From toe to crown he'll fill our skin with pinches. Shak. Twenty things which I set down: This done, I twenty more-had in my crown. Bunyan.
9. The part of a hat above the brim.
10. (Anat.)
Defn: The part of a tooth which projects above the gum; also, the top or grinding surface of a tooth.
11. (Arch.)
Defn: The vertex or top of an arch; — applied generally to about one third of the curve, but in a pointed arch to the apex only.
12. (Bot.)
Defn: Same as Corona.
13. (Naut.) (a) That part of an anchor where the arms are joined to the shank. (b) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line. (c) pl.
Defn: The bights formed by the several turns of a cable. Totten.
14. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond.
15. The dome of a furnace.
16. (Geom.)
Defn: The area inclosed between two concentric perimeters.
17. (Eccl.)
Defn: A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.
18. A size of writing paper. See under Paper.
19. A coin stamped with the image of a crown; hence,a denomination of money; as, the English crown, a silver coin of the value of five shillings sterling, or a little more than $1.20; the Danish or Norwegian crown, a money of account, etc., worth nearly twenty-seven cents.
20. An ornaments or decoration representing a crown; as, the paper is
stamped with a crown. Crown of aberration (Astron.), a spurious
circle around the true circle of the sun.
— Crown antler (Zoöl.), the topmost branch or tine of an antler;
also, an antler having a cuplike top, with tines springing from the
rim.
— Crown bar, one of the bars which support the crown sheet of
steam-boiler furnace.
— Crown glass. See under Glass.
— Crown imperial. (Bot.) See in the Vocabulary.
— Crown jewels, the jewels appertaining to the sovereign while
wearing the crown. [Eng.] "She pawned and set to sale the crown
jewels." Milton.
— Crown land, land belonging to the crown, that is, to the
sovereign.
— Crown law, the law which governs criminal prosecutions. [Eng.] —
Crown lawyer, one employed by the crown, as in criminal cases. [Eng.]
— Crown octavo. See under Paper.
— Crown office. See in the Vocabulary.
— Crown paper. See under Paper.
— Crown piece. See in the Vocabulary.
— Crown Prince, the heir apparent to a crown or throne.
— Crown saw. See in the Vocabulary.
— Crown scab (Far.), a cancerous sore formed round the corners of a
horse's hoof.
— Crown sheet, the flat plate which forms the top of the furnace or
fire box of an internally fired steam boiler.
— Crown shell. (Zoöl.) See Acorn-shell.
— Crown side. See Crown office.
— Crown tax (Eccl. Hist.), a golden crown, or its value, which was
required annually from the Jews by the king of Syria, in the time of
the Maccabees. 1 Macc. x. 20.
— Crown wheel. See in the Vocabulary.
— Crown work. See in the Vocabulary.
— Pleas of the crown (Engl. law), criminal actions.
CROWN
Crown (kroun), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crowned (kround); p. pr. & vb. n.
Crowning.] Etym: [OE. coronen, corunen, crunien, crounien, OF.
coroner, F. couronner, fr. L. coronare, fr. corona a crown. See
Crown, n.]
1. To cover, decorate, or invest with a crown; hence, to invest with
royal dignity and power.
Her who fairest does appear, Crown her queen of all the year. Dryden.
Crown him, and say, "Long live our emperor." Shak.
2. To bestow something upon as a mark of honor, dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify. Thou . . . hast crowned him with glory and honor. Ps. viii. 5.
3. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect. Amidst the grove that crowns yon tufted hill. Byron. One day shall crown the alliance. Shak. To crown the whole, came a proposition. Motley.
4. (Mech.)
Defn: To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, as the face of a machine pulley.
5. (Mil.)
Defn: To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach. To crown a knot (Naut.), to lay the ends of the strands over and under each other.
CROWN COLONY
Crown colony.
Defn: A colony of the British Empire not having an elective magistracy or a parliament, but governed by a chief magistrate (called Governor) appointed by the Crown, with executive councilors nominated by him and not elected by the people.
CROWNED
Crowned (kround), p. p. & a.
1. Having or wearing a crown; surmounted, invested, or adorned, with a crown, wreath, garland, etc.; honored; rewarded; completed; consummated; perfected. "Crowned with one crest." Shak. "Crowned with conquest." Milton. With surpassing glory crowned. Milton.
2. Great; excessive; supreme. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CROWNER
Crown"er (kroun"r), n.
1. One who, or that which, crowns. Beau. & FL.
2. Etym: [Cf. Coroner.]
Defn: A coroner. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]
CROWNET
Crown"et (kroun"t), n. Etym: [See Crown, Coronet.]
1. A coronet. [R.] P. Whitehead.
2. The ultimate end and result of an undertaking; a chief end. [Obs.] O this false soul of Egypt! this grave charm . . . . Whose bosom was my crownet, my chief end. Shak.
CROWN-IMPERIAL
Crown"-im*pe"ri*al (-m-p"r-al), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A spring-blooming plant (Fritillaria imperialis) of the Lily family, having at the top of the stalk a cluster of pendent bell- shaped flowers surmounted with a tuft of green leaves.
CROWNLAND
Crown"land`, n. [G. kronland.]
Defn: In Austria-Hungary, one of the provinces, or largest administrative divisions of the monarchy; as, the crownland of Lower Austria.
CROWNLESS
Crown"less, a.
Defn: Without a crown.
CROWNLET
Crown"let (-lt), n.
Defn: A coronet. [Poetic] Sir W. Scott.
CROWN OFFICE
Crown" of`fice (f`fs; 115). (Eng. Law)
Defn: The criminal branch of the Court of King's or Queen's Bench, commonly called the crown side of the court, which takes cognizance of all criminal cases. Burrill.
CROWNPIECE Crown"piece` (-ps`), n. (a) A piece or part which passes over the head, as in a bridle. (b) A coin [In sense (b) properly crown piece.] See Crown, 19.
CROWN-POST
Crown"-post` (kroun"pst`), n.
Defn: Same as King-post.
CROWN-SAW Crown"-saw` (-s`), n. Etym: [From its supposed resemblance to a crown.] (Mech.)
Defn: A saw in the form of a hollow cylinder, with teeth on the end or edge, and operated by a rotative motion.
Note: The trephine was the first of the class of crownsaws. Knight.
CROWN SIDE
Crown" side` (sd`).
Defn: See Crown office.
CROWN WHEEL
Crown" wheel` (hwl`). Etym: [Named from its resemblance to a crown.]
(Mach.)
Defn: A wheel with cogs or teeth set at right angles to its plane; — called also a contrate wheel or face wheel.
CROWNWORK
Crown"work` (-wrk`), n. (Fort.)
Defn: A work consisting of two or more bastioned fronts, with their outworks, covering an enceinte, a bridgehead, etc., and connected by wings with the main work or the river bank.
CROW-QUILL
Crow"-quill` (kr"kwl`), n.
Defn: A quill of the crow, or a very fine pen made from such a quill.
CROWS
Crows (krz), n. pl.; sing. Crow. (Ethnol.)
Defn: A tribe of Indians of the Dakota stock, living in Montana; — also called Upsarokas.
CROW'S-FOOT
Crow's"-foot` (krz"ft`), n.; pl. Crow's-feet (-f.
1. pl.
Defn: The wrinkles that appear, as the effect of age or dissipation, under and around the outer corners of the eyes. Tennyson.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: A caltrop. [Written also crowfoot.]
3. (Arch.)
Defn: Same as Bird's-mouth. [U.S.]
CROW-SILK
Crow"-silk` (kr"slk`), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A filamentous fresh-water alga (Conferva rivularis of Linnaeus,
Rhizoclonium rivulare of Kutzing).
CROW'S-NEST
Crow's-nest` (krz"nst`), n. (Naut.)
Defn: A box or perch near the top of a mast, esp. in whalers, to shelter the man on the lookout.
CROWSTEP
Crow"step` (kr"stp`), n. (Arch.)
Defn: See Corriestep.
CROWSTONE
Crow"stone` (kr"stn`), n. (Arch.)
Defn: The top stone of the gable end of a house. Halliwell.
CROWTH
Crowth (krouth), n.
Defn: An ancient musical instrument. See 4th Crowd.
CROWTOE
Crow"toe` (kr"t`), n. (Bot.)
1. The Lotus corniculatus. Dr. Prior.
2. An unidentified plant, probably the crowfoot. "The tufted crowtoe." Milton.
CROW-TRODDEN
Crow"-trod`den (kr"trd`d'n), a.
Defn: Marked with crow's-feet, or wrinkles, about the eyes. [Poetic]
Do I look as if I were crow-trodden Beau. & FL.
CROYDON
Croy"don, n. [From Croydon, England.]
1.
Defn: A kind of carriage like a gig, orig. of wicker-work.
2. A kind of cotton sheeting; also, a calico.
CROYLSTONE
Croyl"stone` (kroil"stn`), n. (Min.)
Defn: Crystallized cawk, in which the crystals are small.
CROYS
Croys (krois), n.
Defn: See Cross, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CROZE
Croze (krz), n. Etym: [Cf. Cross, and Crosier.]
Defn: A cooper's tool for making the grooves for the heads of casks, etc.; also, the groove itself.
CROZIER
Cro"zier (kr"zhr), n.
Defn: See Crosier.
CROZIERED
Cro"ziered (-zhrd), a.
Defn: Crosiered.
CRUCIAL Cru"cial (kr"shal), a. Etym: [F. crucial, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross, torture. See Cross.]
1. Having the form of a cross; appertaining to a cross; cruciform; intersecting; as, crucial ligaments; a crucial incision.
2. Severe; trying or searching, as if bringing to the cross; decisive; as, a crucial test.
CRUCIAN CARP Cru"cian carp` (-shan krp`). Etym: [Cf. Sw. karussa, G. karausche, F. carousse, -assin, corassin, LL. coracinus, Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A kind of European carp (Carasius vulgaris), inferior to the common carp; — called also German carp.
Note: The gibel or Prussian carp is now generally considered a variety of the crucian carp, or perhaps a hybrid between it and the common carp.
CRUCIATE Cru"ci*ate (kr"sh-t or -sht; 106), a. Etym: [L. cruciatus, p. p. of cruciare to crucify, torture, fr. crux, crucis, a cross. See Cross.]
1. Tormented. [Obs.] Bale.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Having the leaves or petals arranged in the form of a cross; cruciform.
CRUCIATE
Cru"ci*ate (kr"sh-t), v. t.
Defn: To torture; to torment. [Obs.] See Excruciate. Bale.
CRUCIATION
Cru`ci*a"tion (kr`sh-"shn), n. Etym: [LL. cruciatio.]
Defn: The act of torturing; torture; torment. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
CRUCIBLE Cru"ci*ble (kr"s-b'l), n. Etym: [LL. crucubulum a hanging lamp, an earthen pot for melting metals (cf. OF. croisel, creuseul, sort of lamp, crucible, F. creuset crucible), prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. kr, LG. kr, hanging lamp, kroos, kruus, mug, jug, jar, D. kroes cup, crucible, Dan. kruus, Sw. krus, E. cruse. It was confused with derivatives of L. crux cross (cf. Crosslet), and crucibles were said to have been marked with a cross, to prevent the devil from marring the chemical operation. See Cruse, and cf. Cresset.]
1. A vessel or melting pot, composed of some very refractory substance, as clay, graphite, platinum, and used for melting and calcining substances which require a strong degree of heat, as metals, ores, etc.
2. A hollow place at the bottom of a furnace, to receive the melted metal.
3. A test of the most decisive kind; a severe trial; as, the crucible of affliction. Hessian crucible (Chem.), a cheap, brittle, and fragile, but very refractory crucible, composed of the finest fire clay and sand, and commonly used for a single heating; — named from the place of manufacture.
CRUCIBLE STEEL
Cru"ci*ble steel.
Defn: Cast steel made by fusing in crucibles crude or scrap steel, wrought iron, and other ingredients and fluxes.
CRUCIFER
Cru"ci*fer (-fr), n. Etym: [See Cruciferous.] (Bot.)
Defn: Any plant of the order Cruciferæ.
CRUCIFEROUS Cru*cif"er*ous (kr-sf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. crux, crucis, cross + - ferous: cf. F. crucif.]
1. Bearing a cross.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants which have four petals arranged like the arms of a cross, as the mustard, radish, turnip, etc.
CRUCIFIER
Cru"ci*fi`er (kr"s-f`r), n.
Defn: One who crucifies; one who subjects himself or another to a painful trial.
CRUCIFIX
Cru"ci*fix (kr"s-fks), n.; pl. Crucifixes (-. Etym: [F. crucifix or
LL. crucifixum, fr. L. crux, crucis, cross + figere, fixum, to fix.
See Cross, and Fix, and cf. Crucify.]
1. A representation in art of the figure of Christ upon the cross; esp., the sculptured figure affixed to a real cross of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, used by the Roman Catholics in their devotions. The cross, too, by degrees, become the crucifix. Milman. And kissing oft her crucifix, Unto the block she drew. Warner.
2. The cross or religion of Christ. [R.] Jer. Taylor.
CRUCIFIXION
Cru`ci*fix"ion (kr`s-fk"shn), n.
1. The act of nailing or fastening a person to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death; the use of the cross as a method of capital punishment.
2. The state of one who is nailed or fastened to a cross; death upon a cross.
3. Intense suffering or affliction; painful trial. Do ye prove What crucifixions are in love Herrick.
CRUCIFORM
Cru"ci*form (kr"s-frm), a. Etym: [L. crux, crucis, cress + -form: cf.
F. cruciforme.]
Defn: Cross-shaped; (Bot.) having four parts arranged in the form of a cross.
CRUCIFY Cru"ci*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crucified (-fd); p. pr. & vb.n. Crucifying.] Etym: [F. crucifier, fr. (assumed) LL. crucificare, for crucifigere, fr, L. crux, crucis, cross + figere to fix, the ending - figere being changed to -ficare, F. -fier (in compounds), as if fr. L. facere to do, make. See Cross, and Fix, and cf. Crucifix.]
1. To fasten to a cross; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or gibbet. They cried, saying, Crucify him, cricify him. Luke xxiii. 21.
2. To destroy the power or ruling influence of; to subdue completely; to mortify. They that are Christ's have crucified the flesh, with the affections and lusts. Gal. v. 24.
3. To vex or torment. Beau. & FL.
CRUCIGEROUS Cru*cig"er*ous (kr-sj"r-s), a. Etym: [L. crux, cricis, cross + - gerous.]
Defn: Bearing the cross; marked with the figure of a cross. Sir. T.
Browne.
CRUD
Crud (krd), n.
Defn: See Curd. [Obs.]
CRUDDLE
Crud"dle (-d'l), v. i.
Defn: To curdle. [Obs.]
See how thy blood cruddles at this. Bea
CRUDE Crude (krd), a. [Compar. Cruder (-r); superl. Crudest.] Etym: [L. crudus raw; akin to cruor blood (which flows from a wound). See Raw, and cf. Cruel.]
1. In its natural state; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat; undressed; not altered, refined, or prepared for use by any artificial process; raw; as, crude flesh. "Common crude salt." Boyle. Molding to its will each successive deposit of the crude materials. I. Taylor.
2. Unripe; not mature or perfect; immature. I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Milton.
3. Not reduced to order or form;unfinished; not arranged or prepared; ill-considered; immature. "Crudeprojects." Macualay. Crude, undigested masses of suggestion, furnishing rather raw materials for composition. De Quincey. The originals of Nature in their crude Conception. Milton.
4. Undigested; unconcocted; not brought into a form to give nourishment. "Crude and inconcoct." Bacon.
5. Having, or displaying, superficial and undigested knowledge; without culture or profudity; as, a crude reasoner.
6. (Paint.)
Defn: Harsh and offensive, as a color; tawdry or in bad taste, as a combination of colors, or any design or work of art.
CRUDELY
Crude"ly, adv.
Defn: In a crude, immature manner.
CRUDENESS
Crude"ness, n.
Defn: A crude, undigested, or unprepared state; rawness; unripeness; immatureness; unfitness for a destined use or purpose; as, the crudeness of iron ore; crudeness of theories or plans.
CRUDITY Cru"di*ty (kr"d-t), n.; pl. Crudities (-t. Etym: [L. cruditas, fr. crudus: cf. F. crudit. See Crude.]
1. The condition of being crude; rawness.
2. That which is in a crude or undigested state; hence, superficial, undigested views, not reduced to order or form. "Cridities in the stomach." Arbuthnot.
CRUDLE
Cru"dle (-d'l), v. i.
Defn: See Cruddle.
CRUDY
Crud"y (krd"), a. Etym: [From Crud.]
Defn: Coagulated. [Obs.]
His cruel wounds with crudy blood congealed. Spenser.
CRUDY
Cru"dy (kr"d), a. Etym: [From Crude.]
Defn: Characterized by crudeness; raw. [Obs.]
The foolish and dull and crudy vapors. Shak.
CRUEL
Cru"el (kr"l), n.
Defn: See Crewel.
CRUEL
Cru"el (kr*"l), a. Etym: [F. cruel, fr. L. crudelis, fr. crudus. See
Crude.]
1. Disposed to give pain to others; willing or pleased to hurt, torment, or afflict; destitute of sympathetic kindness and pity; savage; inhuman; hard-hearted; merciless. Behold a people cometh from the north country; . . . they are cruel and have no mercy. Jer. vi. 22,23.
2. Causing, or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery. Cruel wars, wasting the earth. Milton. Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath for it was cruel. Gen. xlix. 7.
3. Attended with cruetly; painful; harsh. You have seen cruel proof of this man's strength. Shak.
CRUELLY
Cru"el*ly, adv.
1. In a cruel manner.
2. Extremly; very. [Colloq.] Spectator.
CRUELNESS
Cru"el*ness, n.
Defn: Cruelty. [Obs.] Spenser.
CRUELS
Cru"els (kr"lz), n. pl. Etym: [Corrupt. fr. F. scrofula.]
Defn: Glandular scrofulous swellings in the neck.
CRUELTY Cru"el*ty (-t), n.; pl. Cruelties (-t. Etym: [OF. cruelt, F. cruaut, fr. L. crudelitas, fr. crudelis. See Cruel.]
1. The attribute or quality of being cruel; a disposition to give unnecessary pain or suffering to others; inhumanity; barbarity. Pierced through the heart with your stern cruelty. Shak.
2. A cruel and barbarous deed; inhuman treatment; the act of willfully causing unnecessary pain. Cruelties worthy of the dungeons of the Inquisition. Macualay.
CRUENTATE Cru"en*tate (kr"n-tt), a. Etym: [L. cruentatus, p. p. of cruentare to make bloody, fr. cruentus bloody, fr. cruor. See Crude.]
Defn: Smeared with blood. [Obs.] Glanwill.
CRUENTOUS
Cru*en"tous (kr-n"ts), a. Etym: [L. cruentus.]
Defn: Bloody; cruentate. [Obs.]
CRUET
Cru"et, n. Etym: [Anglo-French cruet, a dim. from OF. crue, cruie; of
German or Celtic origin, and akin to E. crock an earthen vessel.]
1. A bottle or vessel; esp., aviai or small glass bottle for holding vinegar, oil, pepper, or the like, for the table; a caster. Swift.
2. (Eccl.)
Defn: A vessel used to hold wine, oil, or water for the service of the altar. Cruet stand, a frame for holding cruets; a caster.
CRUISE
Cruise (krs), n.
Defn: See Cruse, a small bottle.
CRUISE Cruise (krz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cruised (krzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cruising.] Etym: [D. kruisen to move crosswise or in a zigzag, to cruise, fr. kruis cross, fr. OF. crois, croiz, F. croix, or directly fr. OF. croisier, F. croiser, to cross, cruise, fr. crois a cross. See Cross.]
1. To sail back and forth on the ocean; to sail, as for the potection of commerce, in search of an enemy, for plunder, or for pleasure.
Note: A ship cruises in any particular sea or ocean; as, in the
Baltic or in the Atlantic. She cruises off any cape; as, off the
Lizard; off Ushant. She cruises on a coast; as, on the coast of
Africa. A priate cruises to seize vessels; a yacht cruises for the
pleasure of the owner.
Ships of war were aent to cruise near the isle of Bute. Macualay.
'Mid sands, and rocks, and storms to cruise for pleasure. Young.
2. To wander hither and thither on land. [Colloq.]
CRUISE
Cruise, n.
Defn: A voyage made in various directions, as of an armed vessel, for the protection of other vessels, or in search of an enemy; a sailing to and fro, as for exploration or for pleasure. He feigned a compliance with some of his men, who were bent upon going a cruise to Manilla. Dampier.
CRUISER
Cruis"er (kr"zr), n.
Defn: One who, or a vessel that, cruises; — usually an armed vessel.
CRUIVE
Cruive (krv), n.
Defn: A kind of weir or dam for trapping salmon; also, a hovel.
[Scot.]
CRULL
Crull (krl), a. Etym: [SeeCurl.]
Defn: Curly; curled. [Obs.]
CRULLER
Crul"ler (krl"lr), n. Etym: [Cf. Curl.]
Defn: A kind of sweet cake cut in strips and curled or twisted, and fried crisp in boiling fat. [Also written kruller.]
CRUMB Crumb (krm), n. Etym: [AS. cruma, akin to D. kruim, G. krume; cf. G. krauen to scratch, claw.] [Written also crum.]
1. A small fragment or piece; especially, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut off. Desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table. Luke xvi. 21.
2. Fig.: A little; a bit; as, a crumb of comfort.
3. The soft part of bread. Dust unto dust, what must be, must; If you can't get crumb, you'd best eat crust. Old Song. Crumb brush, a brush for sweeping crumbs from a table. — To a crum, with great exactness; completely.
CRUMB Crumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crumbed (krmd); p. pr. & vb.n. Crumbing (krm"ng).]
Defn: To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers; as, to crumb bread. [Written also crum.]
CRUMBCLOTH
Crumb"cloth` (-kl, n.
Defn: A cloth to be laid under a dining table to receive falling fragments, and keep the carpet or floor clean. [Written also crumcloth.]
CRUMBLE Crum"ble (krm"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crumbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crumbling (-blng).] Etym: [Dim. of crumb, v. t., akin to D. krimelen G. kr.]
Defn: To break into small pieces; to cause to fall in pieces. He with his bare wand can unthread thy joints, And crumble all thy sinews. Milton.
CRUMBLE
Crum"ble, v. i.
Defn: To fall into small pieces; to break or part into small fragments; hence, to fall to decay or ruin; to become disintegrated; to perish. If the stone is brittle, it will crumble and pass into the form of gravel. Arbuthnot. The league deprived of its principal supports must soon crumble to pieces. Prescott.
CRUMBLY
Crum"bly (-bl), a.
Defn: EAsily crumbled; friable; brittle. "The crumbly soil."
Hawthorne.
CRUMENAL
Cru"me*nal (kr"m-nal), n. Etym: [L. crumena purse.]
Defn: A purse. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
CRUMMABLE
Crum"ma*ble (krm"mA-b'l), a.
Defn: Capable of being crumbed or broken into small pieces.
CRUMMY
Crum"my (krm"m), a.
1. Full of crumb or crumbs.
2. Soft, as the crumb of bread is; not crusty.
CRUMP Crump (krmp), a. Etym: [AS. crumb stooping, bent down; akin to OHG. chrumb, G. krumm, Dan. krum, D. krom, and E. cramp.]
1. Crooked; bent. [Obs.] Crooked backs and crump shoulders. Jer. Taylor.
2. Hard or crusty; dry baked; as, a crump loaf. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Hallivell.
CRUMPET Crump"et (krmp"t), n. Etym: [Prob. from W. crempog, crammwgth, a pancake or fritter.]
Defn: A kind of large. thin muffin or cake, light and spongy, and cooked on a griddle or spider.
CRUMPLE Crum"ple (krm"p'l), v. t. [imp & p. p. Crumpled (-p'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Crumpling (-plng).] Etym: [Dim. fr. crump, a.]
Defn: To draw or press into wrinkles or folds to crush together; to rumple; as, to crumple paper. They crumpled it into all shapes, and diligently scanned every wrinkle that could be made. Addison.
CRUMPLE
Crum"ple, v. i.
Defn: To contract irregularly; to show wrinkless after being crushed together; as, leaves crumple.
CRUMPY
Crump"y (krmp"Y), a.
Defn: Brittle; crisp. Wright.
CRUNCH Crunch (krnch), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crunched (krncht); p. pr. & vb. n. Crunching.] Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; or cf. D. schransen to eat heartily, or E. scrunch.]
1. To chew with force and noise; to craunch. And their white tusks crunched o'er the whiter skull. Byron.
2. To grind or press with violence and noise. The ship crunched through the ice. Kane.
3. To emit a grinding or craunching noise. The crunching and ratting of the loose stones. H. James.
CRUNCH
Crunch, v. t.
Defn: To crush with the teeth; to chew with a grinding noise; to craunch; as, to crunch a biscuit.
CRUNK; CRUNKLE Crunk (krnk), Crun"kle (krn"k'l), v. i. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kr to croak.]
Defn: To cry like a crane. [Obs.] "The crane crunketh." Withals (1608).
CRUNODAL
Cru*no"dal (kr-n"dal), a. (Geom.)
Defn: Possessing, or characterized by, a crunode; — used of curves.
CRUNODE
Cru"node (kr"nd), n. Etym: [Prob. fr. L. crux a cross + E. node.]
(Geom.)
Defn: A point where one branch of a curve crosses another branch. See
Double point, under Double, a.
CRUOR
Cru"or (kr"r), n. Etym: [L., blood. See Crude.]
Defn: The coloring matter of the blood; the clotted portion of coagulated blood, containing the coloring matter; gore.
CRUORIN
Cru"o*rin (—rn), n. (Physiol.)
Defn: The coloring matter of the blood in the living animal; hæmoglobin.
CRUP
Crup (krp), a. Etym: [Cf. OHG. grop, G. grob, coarse.]
Defn: Short; brittle; as, crup cake. Todd.
CRUP
Crup (krp), n.
Defn: See Croup, the rump of a horse.
CRUPPER Crup"per (krp"pr in U.S.; krp"r in Eng.), n. Etym: [F. croupi, fr. croupe. See Croup the rump of a horse.] [Written also crouper.]
1. The buttocks or rump of a horse.
2. A leather loop, passing under a horse's tail, and buckled to the saddle to keep it from slipping forwards.
CRUPPER
Crup"per, v. t.
Defn: To fit with a crupper; to place a crupper upon; as, to crupper a horse.
CRURA
Cru"ra (kr"r), n. pl. (Anat.)
Defn: See Crus.
CRURAL Cru"ral (-ral), a. Etym: [L. cruralis, fr. crus, cruris, leg: cf. F. crural.] (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the thigh or leg, or to any of the parts called crura; as, the crural arteries; crural arch; crural canal; crural ring.
CRUS Crus (krs), n.; pl. Crura (kr. Etym: [L., the leg.] (Anat.) (a) That part of the hind limb between the femur, or thigh, and the ankle, or tarsus; the shank. (b) Often applied, especially in the plural, to parts which are supposed to resemble a pair of legs; as, the crura of the diaphragm, a pair of muscles attached to it; crura cerebri, two bundles of nerve fibers in the base of the brain, connecting the medulla and the forebrain.
CRUSADE Cru*sade" (kr-sd"), n. Etym: [F. croisade, fr. Pr. crozada, or Sp cruzada, or It. crociata, from a verb signifying to take the cross, mark one's self with a cross, fr. L. crux cross; or possibly taken into English directly fr. Pr. Cf. Croisade, Crosado, and see Cross.]
1. Any one of the military expeditions undertaken by Christian powers, in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, for the recovery of the Holy Land from the Mohammedans.
2. Any enterprise undertaken with zeal and enthusiasm; as, a crusade against intemperance.
3. A Portuguese coin. See Crusado.
CRUSADE
Cru*sade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Crusaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Crusading.]
Defn: To engage in a crusade; to attack in a zealous or hot-headed manner. "Cease crusading against sense." M. Green.
CRUSADER
Cru*sad"er (-s"dr), n.
Defn: One engaged in a crusade; as, the crusaders of the Middle Ages.
Azure-eyed and golden-haired, Forth the young crusaders fared.
Longfellow.
CRUSADING
Cru*sad"ing, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a crusade; as, a crusading spirit.
CRUSADO
Cru*sa"do (-s"d), n. Etym: [Pg. cruzado, fr. cruz, fr. L. crux. See
Crusade, 3.]
Defn: An old Portuguese coin, worth about seventy cents. [Written also cruade.] Shak.
CRUSE
Cruse (krs), n. Etym: [Akin to LG. kruus, kroos, mug, jug, jar, D.
kroes, G. krause, Icel. krus, Sw. krus, Dan. kruus. Cf. Crucible,
Cresset.]
1. A cup or dish. Take with thee . . . a cruse of honey. 1 Kings xiv. 3.
2. A bottle for holding water, oil, honey, etc. So David took . . . the cruse of water. 1 Sam. xxvi. 12.
CRUSET
Cru"set (kr"st), n. Etym: [Cf. F. creuset. See Cruse, Crucible.]
Defn: A goldsmith's crucible or melting pot.
CRUSH Crush (krsh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crushed (krsht); p. pr. & vb. n. Crushing.] Etym: [OE. cruschen, crousshen, Of. cruisir, croissir, fr. LL. cruscire, prob. of Ger. origin, from a derivative of the word seen in Goth. kruistan to gnash; akin to Sw. krysta to squeeze, Dan. kryste, Icel. kreysta.]
1. To press or bruise between two hard bodies; to squeeze, so as to destroy the natural shape or integrity of the parts, or to force together into a mass; as, to crush grapes. Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut. Lev. xxii. 24. The ass . . . thrust herself unto the wall, and crushed Balaam's foot against the wall. Num. xxii. 25.
2. To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding; to comminute; as, to crush quartz.
3. To overwhelm by pressure or weight; to beat or force down, as by
an incumbent weight.
To crush the pillars which the pile sustain. Dryden.
Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again. Bryant.
4. To oppress or burden grievously. Thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway. Deut. xxviii. 33.
5. To overcome completely; to subdue totally. Speedily overtaking and crushing the rebels. Sir. W. Scott. To crush a cup, to drink. [Obs.] — To crush out. (a) To force out or separate by pressure, as juice from grapes. (b) To overcome or destroy completely; to suppress.
CRUSH
Crush (krsh), v. i.
Defn: To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by external weight or force; as, an eggshell crushes easily.
CRUSH
Crush, n.
1. A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin. The wreck of matter, and the crush of worlds. Addison.
2. Violent pressure, as of a crowd; a crowd which produced uncomfortable pressure; as, a crush at a peception. Crush hat, a hat which collapses, and can be carried under the arm, and when expanded is held in shape by springs; hence, any hat not injured by compressing. — Crush room, a large room in a theater, opera house, etc., where the audience may promenade or converse during the intermissions; a foyer. Politics leave very little time for the bow window at White's in the day, or for the crush room of the opera at night. Macualay.
CRUSHER
Crush"er (-r), n.
Defn: One who, or that which, crushes. Crusher gauge, an instrument for measuring the explosive force of gunpowder, etc., by its effect in compressing a piece of metal.
CRUSHING
Crush"ing, a.
Defn: That crushes; overwhelming. "The blow must be quick and crushing." Macualay.
CRUST Crust (krst), n. Etym: [L. crusta: cf. OF. crouste, F. cro; prob. akin to Gr. crystal, from the same root as E. crude, raw. See Raw, and cf. Custard.]
1. The hard external coat or covering of anything; the hard exterior surface or outer shell; an incrustation; as, a crust of snow. I have known the statute of an emperor quite hid under a crust of dross. Addison. Below this icy crust of conformity, the waters of infidelity lay dark and deep as ever. Prescott.
2. (Cookery) (a) The hard exterior or surface of bread, in distinction from the soft part or crumb; or a piece of bread grown dry or hard. (b) The cover or case of a pie, in distinction from the soft contents. (c) The dough, or mass of doughy paste, cooked with a potpie; — also called dumpling. Th' impenetrable crust thy teeth defies. Dryden. He that keeps nor crust nor crumb. Shak. They . . . made the crust for the venison pasty. Macualay.
3. (Geol.)
Defn: The exterior portion of the earth, formerly universally supposed to inclose a molten interior.
4. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The shell of crabs, lobsters, etc.
5. (Med.)
Defn: A hard mass, made up of dried secretions blood, or pus, occurring upon the surface of the body.
6. An incrustation on the interior of wine bottles, the result of the ripening of the wine; a deposit of tartar, etc. See Beeswing.
CRUST
Crust, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Crusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Crusting.] Etym:
[Cf. OF. crouster, L. crustare. See Crust, n. ]
Defn: To cover with a crust; to cover or line with an incrustation;
to incrust.
The whole body is crusted over with ice. Boyle.
And now their legs, and breast, and bodies stood Crusted with bark.
Addison.
Very foul and crusted bottles. Swift.
Their minds are crusted over, like diamonds in the rock. Felton.
CRUST
Crust, v. i.
Defn: To gather or contract into a hard crust; to become incrusted.
The place that was burnt . . . crusted and healed. Temple.
CRUSTA
Crus"ta (krs"t), n. Etym: [L., shell, crust, inlaid work.]
1. A crust or shell.
2. A gem engraved, or a plate embossed in low relief, for inlaying a vase or other object.
CRUSTACEA Crus*ta"ce*a (krs-t"sh-), n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. of NL. crustaceus pert. to the crust or shell, from L. crusta the hard surfsce of a body, rind, shell.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of the classes of the arthropods, including lobsters and crabs; — so called from the crustlike shell with which they are covered.
Note: The body usually consists of an anterior part, made up of the head and thorax combined, called the cephalothorax, and of a posterior jointed part called the abdomen, postabdomen, and (improperly) tail. They breathe by means of gills variously attached to some of the limbs or to the sides the body, according to the group. They are divisible into two subclasses, Entomostraca and Malacostraca, each of which includes several orders.
CRUSTACEAN
Crus*ta"cean (krs-t"shan; 97), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Crustacea; crustaceous.
— n.
Defn: An animal belonging to the class Crustacea.
CRUSTACEOLOGICAL
Crus*ta`ce*o*log"ic*al (-sh—lj"-kal), a.
Defn: Pertaining to crustaceology.
CRUSTACEOLOGIST
Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gist (-ll"-jst), n.
Defn: One versed in crustaceology; a crustalogist.
CRUSTACEOLOGY
Crus*ta`ce*ol"o*gy (-j), n. Etym: [Crustacea + -logy.]
Defn: That branch of Zoölogy which treats of the Crustacea; malacostracology; carcinology.
CRUSTACEOUS Crus*ta"ceous (krs-t"shs; 97), a. Etym: [NL. crustaceous. See crustacea.]
1. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, crust or shell; having a crustlike shell.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Belonging to the Crustacea; crustacean.
CRUSTACEOUSNESS
Crus*ta"ceous*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being crustaceous or having a crustlike shell.
CRUSTAL
Crust"al (krst"al), a.
Defn: Relating to a crust.
CRUSTALOGICAL
Crus`ta*log"ic*al (krs`t-lj"-kal), a.
Defn: Pertaining to crustalogy.
CRUSTALOGIST
Crus*tal"o*gist (-t, n.
Defn: One versed in crustalogy.
CRUSTALOGY
Crus*tal"o*gy (krs-tl"-j), n. Etym: [L. crusta shell + -logy.]
Defn: Crustaceology.
CRUSTATED Crus"ta*ted (krs"t-td), a. Etym: [L. crustatus, p. p. of crustare, fr. crusta. See Crust.]
Defn: Covered with a crust; as, crustated basalt.
CRUSTATION
Crus*ta"tion (krs-t"shn), n.
Defn: An adherent crust; an incrustation. Pepys.
CRUSTED
Crust"ed (krst"d), a.
Defn: Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; as, old, crusted port wine.
CRUSTIFIC
Crus*tif`ic (krs-tf"k), a. Etym: [L. crusta crust + -facere to make.]
Defn: Producing or forming a crust or skin. [R.]
CRUSTILY
Crust"i*ly (krst"-l*), adv.
Defn: In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.
CRUSTINESS
Crust"i*ness (—ns), n.
1. The state or quality of having crust or being like crust; hardness.
2. The quality of being crusty or surly. Old Christy forgot his usual crustiness. W. Irving.
CRUSTY
Crust"y (-), a.
1. Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering; as, a crusty coat; a crusty surface or substance.
2. Etym: [Possibly a corruption of cursty. Cf. Curst, Curstness.]
Defn: Having a hard exterior, or a short, rough manner, though kind at heart; snappish; peevish; surly. Thou crusty batch of nature, what's the news Shak.
CRUT
Crut (krt), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cro crust.]
Defn: The rough, shaggy part of oak bark.
CRUTCH
Crutch (krch; 224), n.; pl. Crutches (-. Etym: [OE. cruche, AS.
crycc, cricc; akin to D. kruk, G. kr, Dan. krykke, Sw. krycka, and to
E. crook. See Crook, and cf. Cricket a low stool.]
1. A staff with a crosspiece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the lame or infirm in walking. I'll lean upon one crutch, and fight with the other. Shak. Rhyme is a crutch that lifts the weak alone. H. Smith.
2. A form of pommel for a woman's saddle, consisting of a forked rest to hold the leg of the rider.
3. (Naut.) (a) A knee, or piece of knee timber. (b) A forked stanchion or post; a crotch. See Crotch.
CRUTCH
Crutch, v. t.
Defn: To support on crutches; to prop up. [R.]
Two fools that crutch their feeble sense on verse. Dryden.
CRUTCHED
Crutched (krcht), a.
1. Supported upon crutches.
2. Etym: [See Crouch, v. t., and Crouched, a. ]
Defn: Marked with the sign of the cross; crouched. Crutched friar (Eccl.), one of a religious order, so called because its members bore the sign of the cross on their staves and habits; — called also crossed friar and crouched friar.
CRUTH
Cruth (krth), n. Etym: [W. crwth.] (Mus.)
Defn: See 4th Crowd.
CRUX Crux (krks), n.; pl. E. Cruxes (-, L. Cruces (kr. Etym: [L., cross, torture, trouble.]
Defn: Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain. Dr.
Sheridan.
The perpetual crux of New Testament chronologists. Strauss.
CRUX ANSATA
Crux an*sa"ta. [L., cross with a handle.]
Defn: A cross in the shape of the ankh.
CRUZADO
Cru*za"do (kr-z"d), n.
Defn: A coin. See Crusado.
CRWTH
Crwth (krth), n. Etym: [W.] (Mus)
Defn: See 4th Crowd.
CRY Cry (kr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cried (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crying.] Etym: [F. crier, cf. L. quiritare to raise a plaintive cry, scream, shriek, perh. fr. queri to complain; cf. Skr. cvas to pant, hiss, sigh. Cf. Quarrel a brawl, Querulous.]
1. To make a loud call or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or
earnestly; to shout; to vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore.
And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice. Matt. xxvii.
46.
Clapping their hands, and crying with loud voice. Shak.
Hear the voice of my supplications when I cry unto thee. Ps. xxviii.
2.
The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of
the Lord. Is. xl. 3.
Some cried after him to return. Bunyan.
2. To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to express pain, grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed tears; to bawl, as a child. Ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. Is. lxv. 14. I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and to cry like a woman. Shak.
3. To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.
The young ravens which cry. Ps. cxlvii. 9.
In a cowslip's bell I lie There I couch when owls do cry. Shak.
To cry on or upon, to call upon the name of; to beseech."No longer on
Saint Denis will we cry." Shak.
— To cry out. (a) To exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor.
(b) To complain loudly; to lament.
— To cry out against, to complain loudly of; to censure; to blame.
— To cry out on or upon, to denounce; to censure. "Cries out upon
abuses." Shak.
— To cry to, to call on in prayer; to implore.
— To cry you mercy, to beg your pardon. "I cry you mercy, madam;
was it you" Shak.
CRY
Cry, v. t.
1. To utter loudly; to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to
declare publicly.
All, all, cry shame against ye, yet I 'll speak. Shak.
The man . . . ran on,crying, Life! life! Eternal life! Bunyan.
2. To cause to do something, or bring to some state, by crying or weeping; as, to cry one's self to sleep.
3. To make oral and public proclamation of; to declare publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; as, to cry goods, etc. Love is lost, and thus she cries him. Crashaw.
4. Hence, to publish the banns of, as for marriage.
I should not be surprised if they were cried in church next Sabbath.
Judd.
To cry aim. See under Aim.
— To cry down, to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to condemn.
Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be
under the restraints of it. Tillotson.
— To cry out, to proclaim; to shout."Your gesture cries it out."
Shak.
— To cry quits, to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a
contest.
— To cry up, to enhance the value or reputation of by public and
noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.
CRY
Cry (kr), n.; pl. Cries (kr. Etym: [F. cri, fr. crier to cry. See
Cry, v. i. ]
1. A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower animals; as, the cry of hounds; the cry of wolves. Milton.
2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand. Again that cry was found to have been as unreasonable as ever. Macaulay.
3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation. There shall be a great cry throughout all the land. Ex. xi. 6. An infant crying in the night, An infant crying for the light; And with no language but a cry. Tennyson.
4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular acclamation or favor. Swift. The cry went once on thee. Shak.
5. Importunate supplication. O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls. Shak.
6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by hawkers of their wares. The street cries of London. Mayhew.
7. Common report; fame. The cry goes that you shall marry her. Shak.
8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and repeated for effect; as, the party cry of the Tories. All now depends upon a good cry. Beaconsfield.
9. A pack of hounds. Milton. A cry more tunable Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn. Shak.
10. A pack or company of persons; — in contempt. Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry of players Shak.
11. The cracklling noise made by block tin when it is bent back and forth. A far cry, a long distance; — in allusion to the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.
CRYAL Cry"al (kr"al), n. Etym: [Cf. W. creyr, cryr, crychydd. Cf. Cruer a hawk.]
Defn: The heron [Obs.] Ainsworth.
CRYER Cry"er (-r), n. Etym: [F. faucon gruyer a falcon trained to fly at the crane, fr. crye crane, fr. L. crus crane. Cf. Cryal.]
Defn: The female of the hawk; a falcon-gentil.
CRYING
Cry"ing, a.
Defn: Calling for notice; compelling attention; notorious; heinous;
as, a crying evil.
Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the crying sin of
our modern Christianity. I. Taylor.
CRYOHYDRATE
Cry`o*hy"drate (kr`-h"drt), n. Etym: [Gr. hydrate.] (Chem.)
Defn: A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low temperatures, or below the freezing point of water. F. Guthrie.
CRYOLITE
Cry"o*lite (kr"-lt), n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. cryolithe.] (Min.)
Defn: A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable masses; — used as a source of soda and alumina.
CRYOMETER
Cry*om"e*ter, n. [Gr. cold, frost + -meter.] (Physics)
Defn: A thermometer for the measurement of low temperatures, esp. such an instrument containing alcohol or some other liquid of a lower freezing point than mercury.
CRYOPHORUS
Cry*oph"o*rus (kr-f"-rs), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)
Defn: An instrument used to illustrate the freezing of water by its own evaporation. The ordinary form consist of two glass bulbs, connected by a tube of the same material, and containing only a quantity of water and its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and freezes when the other is cooled below 32º Fahr.
CRYPT
Crypt (krpt), n. Etym: [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. Crot, Crotto.]
1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory. Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring in convents and crypts the few fossils of antique learning. Motley. My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. Tennyson.
2. (Anat.)
Defn: A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the cryps of Lieberk.
CRYPTAL
Crypt"al (-al), a. (Anat.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to crypts.
CRYPTIC; CRYPTICAL
Cryp"tic (krp"tk), Cryp"tic*al (-t-kal), a. Etym: [L. crypticus, Gr.
Defn: Hidden; secret; occult. "Her [nature's] more cryptic ways of working." Glanvill.
CRYPTICALLY
Cryp"tic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: Secretly; occultly.
CRYPTIDINE
Cryp"ti*dine (krp"t-dn; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden.] (Chem.)
Defn: One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H11N; also, any one of several substances metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine proper.
CRYPTOBRANCHIATA Cryp`to*bran`chi*a"ta (krp`t-bra`k-"t), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. krypto`s hidden + L. branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.) (a) A division of the Amphibia; the Derotremata. (b) A group of nudibranch mollusks.
CRYPTOBRANCHIATE
Cryp`to*bran"chi*ate (-br"k-t), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having concealed or rudimentary gills.
CRYPTOCRYSTALLINE
Cryp`to*crys"tal*line (-krs"tal-ln), a. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden +
E. crystalline.] (Geol.)
Defn: Indistinctly crystalline; — applied to rocks and minerals, whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles are visible, even under the microscope.
CRYPTOGAM
Cryp"to*gam (krp"t-gm), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cryptogame. See
Cryptogamia.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant belonging to the Cryptogamia. Henslow.
CRYPTOGAMIA
Cryp`to*ga"mi*a (krp`t-g"m-), n.; pl. Cryptogamiæ (-. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. krypto`s hidden, secret + ga`mos marriage.] (Bot.)
Defn: The series or division of flowerless plants, or those never having true stamens and pistils, but propagated by spores of various kinds.
Note: The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The following arrangement recognizes four classes: —I. Pteridophyta, or Vascular Acrogens. These include Ferns, Equiseta or Scouring rushes, Lycopodiaceæ or Club mosses, Selaginelleæ, and several other smaller orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and Calamites. II. Bryophita, or Cellular Acrogens. These include Musci, or Mosses, Hepaticæ, or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and possibly Characeæ, the Stoneworts. III. Algæ, which are divided into Florideæ, the Red Seaweeds, and the orders Dictyoteæ, Oösporeæ, Zoösporeæ, Conjugatæ, Diatomaceæ, and Cryptophyceæ. IV. Fungi. The molds, mildews, mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into several subclasses and many orders. The Lichenes or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.
CRYPTOGAMIAN; CRYPTOGAMIC; CRYPTOGAMOUS
Cryp`to*ga"mi*an (krp`t-g"m-an), Cryp`to*gam"ic (krp`t-gm"k),
Cryp*to"gam*ous a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of that series.
CRYPTOGAMIST
Cryp*tog"a*mist (-mst), n.
Defn: One skilled in cryptogamic botany.
CRYPTOGRAM
Cryp"to*gram (krp"t-grm), n.
Defn: A cipher writing. Same as Cryptograph.
CRYPTOGRAPH Cryp"to*graph (-grf), n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -graph: cf. F. cryptographe.]
Defn: Cipher; something written in cipher. "Decipherers of cryptograph." J. Earle.
CRYPTOGRAPHAL
Cryp*tog"ra*phal (krp-tg"r-fal), a.
Defn: Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical. Boyle.
CRYPTOGRAPHER
Cryp*tog"ra*pher (krp-tg"r-fr), n.
Defn: One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.
CRYPTOGRAPHIC; CRYPTOGRAPHICAL Cryp`to*graph"ic (krp`t-grf"k), Cryp`to*graph"ic*al (krp`t-grf"-kal), a.
Defn: Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.
CRYPTOGRAPHIST
Cryp*tog"ra*phist (krp-tg"r-fst), n.
Defn: Same as Cryptographer.
CRYPTOGRAPHY
Cryp*tog"ra*phy (-f), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cryptographie.]
Defn: The act or art of writing in secret characters; also, secret characters, or cipher.
CRYPTOLOGY
Cryp*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden + -logy.]
Defn: Secret or enigmatical language. Johnson.
CRYPTONYM
Cryp"to*nym (krp"t-nm), n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the initiated.
CRYPTOPINE Cryp"to*pine (krp"t-pn; 104), n. Etym: [Gr. krypto`s hidden + E. opium.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from opium.
CRYPTURI
Cryp*tu"ri (krp-t"r), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of flying, dromTinamou.
CRYSTAL Crys"tal (krs"tal), n. Etym: [OE. cristal, F. cristal, L. crystallum crystal, ice, fr. Gr. crystalla, fr. L. crystallum; prob. akin to E. crust. See Crust, Raw.]
1. (Chem. & Min.)
Defn: The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See Crystallization.
2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; - - called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. Smoky quartz, Pebble; also Brazilian pebble, under Brazilian.
3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See Flint glass.
4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.
5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc. The blue crystal of the seas. Byron. Blood crystal. See under Blood. — Compound crystal. See under Compound. — Iceland crystal, a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope. — Rock crystal, or Mountain crystal, any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.
CRYSTAL
Crys"tal, a.
Defn: Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid;
pellucid; crystalline.
Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak.
By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden.
The crystal pellets at the touch congeal, And from the ground
rebounds the ratting hail. H. Brooks.
CRYSTALLIN
Crys"tal*lin (-ln), n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: See Gobulin.
CRYSTALLINE Crys"tal*line (krs"tal-ln or -ln; 277), a. Etym: [L. crystallinus, from Gr. cristallin. See Crystal.]
1. Consisting, or made, of crystal. Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline. Shak.
2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture. Their crystalline structure. Whewell.
3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is only crystalline, while quartz crystal is perfectlly crystallized.
4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid. "The crystalline sky." Milton. Crystalline heavens, or Crystalline spheres, in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars and the primum mobile (or outer circle of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of the heavently bodies. — Crystalline lens (Anat.), the capsular lenslike body in the eye, serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells derived from the external embryonic epithelium.
CRYSTALLINE
Crys"tal*line, n.
1. A crystalline substance.
2. See Aniline. [Obs.]
CRYSTALLITE
Crys"tal*lite (krs"tal-lt), n. Etym: [See Crystal.] (Min.)
Defn: A minute mineral form like those common in glassy volcanic rocks and some slags, not having a definite crystalline outline and not referable to any mineral species, but marking the first step in the crystallization process. According to their form crystallites are called trichites, belonites, globulites, etc.
CRYSTALLIZABLE
Crys"tal*li`za*ble (krs"tal-l`z-b'l), a.
Defn: Capable of being crystallized; that may be formed into crystals.
CRYSTALLIZATION Crys`tal*li*za"tion (krs`tal-l-z"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cristallization.]
1. (Chem. & Min.)
Defn: The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and sructure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.
2. The body formed by crystallizing; as, silver on precipitation forms arborescent crystallizations.
Note: The systems of crystallization are the several classes to which the forms are mathematically referable. They are most simply described according to the relative lengths and inclinations of certain assumed lines called axes; but the real distinction is the degree of symmetry characterizing them. 1. The Isometric, or Monometric, system has the axes all equal, as in the cube, octahedron, etc. 2. The Tetragonal, or Dimetric, system has a varying vertical axis, while the lateral are equal, as in the right square prism. 3. The Orthorhombic, or Trimetric, system has the three axes unequal, as in the rectangular and rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called, respectively, macrodiagonal and brachydiagonal. — The preceding are erect forms, the axes intersecting at right angles. The following are oblique. 4. The Monoclinic system, having one of the intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhombic prism. In this system, the lateral axes are called respectively, clinodiagonal and orthodiagonal. 5. The Triclinic system, having all the three intersections oblique, as in the oblique rhomboidal prism. There is also: 6. The Hexagonal system (one division of which is called Rhombohedral), in which there are three equal lateral axes, and a vertical axis of variable length, as in the hexagonal prism and the rhombohedron.
Note: The Diclinic system, sometimes recognized, with two oblique intersections, is only a variety of the Triclinic.
CRYSTALLIZE
Crys"tal*lize (krs"tal-lz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Crystallized (-lzd);
p. pr. & vb. n. Crystallizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. cristalliser. See
Crystal.]
Defn: To cause to form crystals, or to assume the crystalline form.
CRYSTALLIZE
Crys"tal*lize, v. i.
Defn: To be converted into a crystal; to take on a crystalline form, through the action of crystallogenic or cohesive attraction.
CRYSTALLOGENIC; CRYSTALLOGENICAL
Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic (-l-jn"k), Crys`tal*lo*gen"ic*al (—kal), a.
Defn: Pertaining to the production of crystals; crystal-producing; as, crystallogenic attraction.
CRYSTALLOGENY
Crys`tal*log"e*ny (krs`tal-lj"-n), n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: The science which pertains to the production of crystals.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHER
Crys`tal*log"ra*pher (krs`tal-lg"r-fr), n.
Defn: One who describes crystals, or the manner of their formation; one versed in crystallography.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC; CRYSTALLOGRAPHICAL
Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic (-l-grf"k), Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al (—kal), a.
Etym: [Cf. F. crystallographique.]
Defn: Pertaining to crystallography.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHICALLY
Crys`tal*lo*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In the manner of crystallography.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY Crys`tal*log"ra*phy (krs`tal-lg"r-f), n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. cristallographie. See Crystal.]
1. The doctrine or science of crystallization, teaching the system of forms among crystals, their structure, and their methods of formation.
2. A discourse or treatise on crystallization.
CRYSTALLOID
Crys"tal*loid (krs"tal-loid), a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]
Defn: Crystal-like; transparent like crystal.
CRYSTALLOID
Crys"tal*loid, n.
1. (Chem.)
Defn: A body which, in solution, diffuses readily through animal membranes, and generally is capable of being crystallized; — opposed to colloid.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: One of the microscopic particles resembling crystals, consisting of protein matter, which occur in certain plant cells; — called also protein crystal.
CRYSTALLOLOGY; CRISTALLOLOGY
Crys`tal*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]
Defn: The science of the crystalline structure of inorganic bodies.
CRYSTALLOMANCY
Crys"tal*lo*man`cy (-l-mn`s), n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]
Defn: Divination by means of a crystal or other transparent body, especially a beryl.
CRYSTALLOMETRY
Crys`tal*lom"e*try (-lm"-tr), n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]
Defn: The art of measuring crystals.
CRYSTALLURGY
Crys"tal*lur`gy (-lr`j), n. Etym: [Gr.
Defn: Crystallizaton.
CTENOCYST
Cte"no*cyst (t"n-sst), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An organ of the Ctenophora, supposed to be sensory.
CTENOID Cte"noid (t"noid or tn"oid), a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a comblike margin, as a ctenoid scale. (b) Pertaining to the Ctenoidei. — n.
Defn: A ctenoidean.
CTENOIDEAN
Cte*noid"e*an (t-noid"-an), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Relating to the Ctenoidei.
— n.
Defn: One of the Ctenoidei.
CTENOIDEI
Cte*noid"e*i (—), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A group of fishes, established by Agassiz, characterized by having scales with a pectinated margin, as in the perch. The group is now generally regarded as artificial.
CTENOPHORA
Cte*noph"o*ra (t-nf"-r), n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A class of Coelenterata, commonly ellipsoidal in shape, swimming by means of eight longitudinal rows of paddles. The separate paddles somewhat resemble combs.
CTENOPHORE
Cten"o*phore (tn"-fr), n.
Defn: (Zoöl.) One of the Ctenophora.
CTENOPHORIC; CTENOPHOROUS
Cten`o*phor"ic (tn`-fr"k), Cte*noph"o*rous (t-nf"-rs), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ctenophora.
CTENOSTOMATA
Cten`o*stom"a*ta (tn`-stm"-t), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A suborder of Bryozoa, usually having a circle of bristles below the tentacles.
CUB Cub (kb), n. Etym: [Cf. Ir. cuib cub, whelp, young dog, Ir. & Gael. cu dog; akin to E. hound.]
1. A young animal, esp. the young of the bear.
2. Jocosely or in contempt, a boy or girl, esp. an awkward, rude, illmannered boy. O, thuo dissembling cub! what wilt thou be When time hath sowed a drizzle on thy case Shak.
CUB
Cub, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cubbed (kp. pr. & vb. n. Cubbing.]
Defn: To bring forth; — said of animals, or in contempt, of persons.
"Cubb'd in a cabin." Dryden.
CUB
Cub, n. Etym: [Cf. Cub a young animal.]
1. A stall for cattle. [Obs.] I would rather have such . . . .in cubor kennel than in my closet or at my table. Landor.
2. A cupboard. [Obs.] Laud.
CUB
Cub, v. t.
Defn: To shut up or confine. [Obs.] Burton.
CUBAN
Cu"ban (k"ban), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to Cuba or its inhabitants.
— n.
Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Cuba.
CUBATION
Cu*ba"tion (k-b"shn), n. Etym: [L. cubatio, fr. cubare to lie down.]
Defn: The act of lying down; a reclining. [Obs.]
CUBATORY Cu"ba*to*ry (k"b-t-r), a. Etym: [L. cubator he who lies down, fr. cubare.]
Defn: Lying down; recumbent. [R.]
CUBATURE
Cu"ba*ture (k"b-tr; 135), n. Etym: [L. cubus cube: cf. F. cubature.
See Cube.]
Defn: The process of determining the solid or cubic contents of a body.
CUBBRIDGE-HEAD
Cub"bridge-head` (kb"rjj-hd), n. (Naut.)
Defn: A bulkhead on the forecastle and half deck of a ship.
CUBBY; CUBBYHOLE
Cub"by (kb"b), Cub"by*hole` (-hl`), n. Etym: [See Cub a stall.]
Defn: A snug or confined place.
CUBDRAWN
Cub"*drawn` (kb"drn`), a.
Defn: Sucked by cubs. [R.]
This night, wherein the cub-drawn bear would couch. Shak.
CUBE
Cube (kb), n. Etym: [F. cube, L. cubus, fr. Gr.
1. (Geom.)
Defn: A regular solid body, with six equal square sides.
2. (Math.)
Defn: The product obtained by taking a number or quantity three times as a factor; as, 4x4=16, and 16x4=64, the cube of 4. Cube ore (Min.), pharmacosiderite. It commonly crystallizes in cubes of a green color. — Cube root. (Math.), the number or quantity which, multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces the given cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of 27, for 3x3x3 = 27. — Cube spar (Min.), anhydrite; anhydrous calcium sulphate.
CUBE
Cube, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cubed (kbd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cubing.]
Defn: To raise to the third power; to obtain the cube of.
CUBEB Cu"beb (k"bb), n. Etym: [F. cub (cf. It. cubebe, Pr., Sp., Pg., & NL. cubeba), fr. Ar. kab.]
Defn: The small, spicy berry of a species of pepper (Piper Cubeba; in med., Cubeba officinalis), native in Java and Borneo, but now cultivated in various tropical countries. The dried unripe fruit is much used in medicine as a stimulant and purgative.
CUBEBIC
Cu*beb"ic (k-bb"k), a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cubebs; as, cubebic acid (a soft olive-green resin extracted from cubebs).
CUBHOOD
Cub"hood (kb"hd), n.
Defn: The state of being a cub. [Jocose] "From cubhood to old age."
W. B. Dawkins.
CUBIC; CUBICAL
Cu"bic (k"bk), Cu"bic*al (-b-kal), a. Etym: [L. cubicus, Gr. cubique.
See Cube.]
1. Having the form or properties of a cube; contained, or capable of being contained, in a cube.
2. (Crystallog.)
Defn: Isometric or monometric; as, cubic cleavage. See Crystallization. Cubic equation, an equation in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a cube. — Cubic foot, a volume equivalent to a cubical solid which measures a foot in each of its dimensions. — Cubic number, a number produced by multiplying a number into itself, and that product again by the same number. See Cube. — Cubical parabola (Geom.), two curves of the third degree, one plane, and one on space of three dimensions.
CUBIC
Cu"bic, n. (Geom.)
Defn: A curve of the third degree. Circular cubic. See under
Circular.
CUBICALLY
Cu"bic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a cubical method.
CUBICALNESS
Cu"bic*al*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being cubical.
CUBICLE
Cu"bi*cle (k"b-k'l), n. Etym: [L. cubiculum.]
Defn: A loding room; esp., a sleeping place partitioned off from a large dormitory.
CUBICULAR Cu*bic"u*lar (k-k"-lr), a. Etym: [L. cubicularis, fr. cubiculum a sleeping room, fr. cubare to lie down.]
Defn: Belonging to a chamber or bedroom. [Obs.] Howell.
CUBIFORM
Cu"bi*form (k"b-frm), a.
Defn: Of the form of a cube.
CUBILE
Cu*bi"le (k-b"l), n. Etym: [L., bed.]
Defn: The lowest course of stones in a building.
CUBILOSE
Cu"bi*lose` (k"b-ls`), n. Etym: [L. cubile bed, nest.]
Defn: A mucilagenous secretion of certain birds found as the characteristic ingredient of edible bird's-nests.
CUBISM
Cu"bism (ku"biz'm), n. (Painting)
Defn: A movement or phase in post-impressionism (which see, below). -
- Cu"bist (#), n.
CUBIT
Cu"bit (k"bt), n. Etym: [L. cubitum, cubitus; elbow, ell, cubit, fr.
(because the elbow serves focubare to lie down, recline; cf. Gr.
Incumbent, Covey.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The forearm; the ulna, a bone of the arm extending from elbow to wrist. [Obs.]
2. A measure of length, being the distance from the elbow to the extremity of the middle finger.
Note: The cubit varies in length in different countries, the Roman cubit being 17,47 inches, the Greek 18,20, the Hebrew somewhat longer, and the English 18 inches.
CUBITAL
Cu"bit*al (k"bt-al), a. Etym: [L. cubitalis.]
1. Of or pertaining to the cubit or ulna; as, the cubital nerve; the cubital artery; the cubital muscle.
2. Of the length of a cubit. Sir. T. Browne.
CUBITAL
Cu"bit*al, n.
Defn: A sleeve covering the arm from the elbow to the hand. Crabb.
CUBITED
Cu"bit*ed, a.
Defn: Having the measure of a cubit.
CUBLESS
Cub"less (kb"ls), a.
Defn: Having no cubs. Byron.
CUBOID
Cu"boid (k"boid), a. Etym: [Cube + -oid: cf. Gr. (Anat.)
Defn: Cube-shaped, or nearly so; as, the cuboid bone of the foot.
— n. (Anat.)
Defn: The bone of the tarsus, which, in man and most mammals, supports the metatarsals of the fourth and fifth toes.
CUBOIDAL
Cu*boid"al (k-boid"al), a. (Anat.)
Defn: Cuboid.
CUBO-OCTAHEDRAL
Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dral (k`b-k`t-hdral), a.
Defn: Presenting a combination of a cube and an octahedron.
CUBO-OCTAHEDRON
Cu`bo-oc`ta*he"dron (-drn), n. (Crystallog.)
Defn: A combination of a cube and octahedron, esp. one in which the octahedral faces meet at the middle of the cubic edges.
CUCA
Cu"ca (k"k), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. native name.]
Defn: See Coca.
CUCKING STOOL Cuck"ing stool` (k. Etym: [Cf. AS. scealfingstol, a word of similar meaning, allied to scealfor a diver, mergus avis; or possibly from F. coquine a hussy, slut, jade, f. of coquin, OE. cokin, a rascal; or cf. Icel. k to dung, k dung, the name being given as to a disgracing or infamous punishment.]
Defn: A kind of chair formerly used for punishing scolds, and also dishonest tradesmen, by fastening them in it, usually in front of their doors, to be pelted and hooted at by the mob, but sometimes to be taken to the water and ducked; — called also a castigatory, a tumbrel, and a trebuchet; and often, but not so correctly, a ducking stool. Sir. W. Scott.
CUCKOLD Cuck"old (kk"ld), n. Etym: [OE. kukeweld, cokewold, cokold, fr. OF. coucoul, cucuault, the last syllable being modified by the OE. suffix -wold (see Herald); cf. F. cocu a cuckold, formerly also, a cuckoo, and L. cuculus a cuckoo. The word alludes to the habit of the female cuckoo, who lays her eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them.]
1. A man whose wife is unfaithful; the husband of an adulteress. Shak.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A West Indian plectognath fish (Ostracion triqueter). (b) The cowfish.
CUCKOLD
Cuck"old, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cuckolded;p. pr. & vb. n. Cuckolding.]
Defn: To make a cuckold of, as a husband, by seducing his wife, or by her becoming an adulteress. Shak.
CUCKOLDIZE
Cuck"old*ize (-z), v. t.
Defn: To cuckold. Dryden.
CUCKOLDLY
Cuck"old*ly, a.
Defn: Having the qualities of a cuckold; mean-spirited; sneaking.
Shak.
CUCKOLDOM
Cuck"ol*dom (-l-dm), n.
Defn: The state of a cuckold; cuckolds, collectively. Addison.
CUCKOLDRY
Cuck"old*ry (-ld-r), n.
Defn: The state of being a cuckold; the practice of making cuckolds.
CUCKOLD'S KNOT
Cuck"old's knot` (kk"ldz nt`). (Naut.)
Defn: A hitch or knot, by which a rope is secured to a spar, the two parts of the rope being crossed and seized together; — called also cuckold's neck. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
CUCKOO
Cuck"oo (kk"), n. Etym: [OE. coccou, cukkow, F. coucou, prob. of
imitative origin; cf. L. cuculus, Gr. k, G. kuckuk, D. koekoek.]
(Zoöl.)
Defn: A bird belonging to Cuculus, Coccyzus, and several allied genera, of many species.
Note: The European cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) builds no nest of its own, but lays its eggs in the nests of other birds, to be hatched by them. The American yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus Americanus) and the black-billed cuckoo (C. erythrophthalmus) build their own nests. Cuckoo bee (Zool.), a bee, parasitic in the larval stage in the nests of other bees, feeding either upon their food or larvae. They belong to the genera Nomada, Melecta, Epeolus, and others. — Cuckoo clock, a clock so constructed that at the time for striking it gives forth sounds resembling the cry of the cuckoo. — Cuckoo dove (Zoöl.), a long-tailed pigeon of the genus Macropygia. Many species inhabit the East Indies. — Cuckoo fish (Zoöl.), the European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). The name probably alludes to the sound that it utters. — Cuckoo falcon (Zoöl.), any falcon of the genus Baza. The genus inhabits Africa and the East Indies. — Cuckoo maid (Zoöl.), the wryneck; — called also cuckoo mate. — Cuckoo ray (Zoöl.), a British ray (Raia miraletus). — Cuckoo spit, or Cuckoo spittle. (a) A frothy secretion found upon plants, exuded by the larvae of certain insects, for concealment; — called also toad spittle and frog spit. (b) (Zoöl.) A small hemipterous insect, the larva of which, living on grass and the leaves of plants, exudes this secretion. The insects belong to Aphrophora, Helochara, and allied genera. — Ground cuckoo, the chaparral cock.
CUCKOOBUD
Cuck"oo*bud" (kk"-bd`), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A species of Ranunculus (R. bulbosus); — called also butterflower, buttercup, kingcup, goldcup. Shak.
CUCKOOFLOWER
Cuck"oo*flow`er (-flou`r), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A species of Cardamine (C. pratensis), or lady's smock. Its leaves are used in salads. Also, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos- cuculi).
CUCKOOPINT
Cuck"oo*pint` (-pnt`), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Arum (A. maculatum); the European wake- robin.
CUCQUEAN
Cuc"quean` (kk"kwn`), n. Etym: [Cuckold + quean.]
Defn: A woman whose husband is unfaithful to her. [Obs.]
CUCUJO
Cu*cu"jo (k-k"h), n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fire beetle of Mexico and the West Indies.
CUCULLATE; CUCULLATED
Cu"cul*late (k"kl-lt or k-kl"lt), Cu"cul*la`ted (-l`td or -l-td), a.
Etym: [LL. cullatus, fr. L. cucullus a cap, hood. See Cowl a hood.]
1. Hooded; cowled; covered, as with a hood. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: Having the edges toward the base rolled inward, as the leaf of the commonest American blue violet.
3. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the prothorax elevated so as to form a sort of hood, receiving the head, as in certain insects. (b) Having a hoodlike crest on the head, as certain birds, mammals, and reptiles.
CUCULLUS
Cu*cul"lus, n.; pl. Cuculli (#). [L., a hood.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A hood-shaped organ, resembling a cowl or monk's hood, as certain concave and arched sepals or petals.
2. (Zoöl.) A color marking or structure on the head somewhat resembling a hood.
CUCULOID
Cu"cu*loid (kk-loid), a. Etym: [L.cuculus a cuckoo + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or belonging to the cuckoos (Cuculidæ).
CUCUMBER Cu"cum*ber (k`km-br, formerly kou"km-br), n.Etym: [OE. cucumer, cocumber, cucumber, fr. L. cucmis, gen.cucumeris; cf. OF. cocombre,F. concombre.] (Bot.)
Defn: A creeping plant, and its fruit, of several species of the genus Cucumis, esp. Cucumis sativus, the unripe fruit of which is eaten either fresh or picked. Also, similar plants or fruits of several other genera. See below. Bitter cucumber (Bot.), the Citrullus or Cucumis Colocynthis. SeeColocynth. — Cucumber beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small, black flea-beetle (Crepidodera cucumeris), which destroys the leaves of cucumber, squash, and melon vines. (b) The squash beetle. — Cucumber tree.(a) A large ornamental or shade tree of the genus Magnolia (M. acuminata), so called from a slight resemblance of its young fruit to a small cucumber. (b) An East Indian plant (Averrhoa Bilimbi) which produces the fruit known as bilimbi. — Jamaica cucumber, Jerusalem cucumber, the prickly-fruited gherkin (Cucumis Anguria). — Snake cucumber, a species (Cucumis flexuosus) remarkable for its long, curiously-shaped fruit. — Squirting cucumber, a plant (Ecbalium Elaterium) whose small oval fruit separates from the footstalk when ripe and expels its seeds and juice with considerable force through the opening thus made. See Elaterium. — Star cucumber,a climbing weed (Sicyos angulatus) with prickly fruit.
CUCUMIFORM
Cu*cu"mi*form (k-k"m-frm), a. Etym: [L. cucumis cucumber + -form.]
Defn: Having the form of a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder tapered and rounded at the ends, and either straight or curved.
CUCUMIS
Cu"cu*mis (kk—ms), n. Etym: [L., cucumber.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants including the cucumber, melon, and same kinds of gourds.
CUCURBIT; CUCURBITE
Cu*cur"bit Cu*cur"bite (k-kr"bt), n. Etym: [L. cucurbita a gourd: cf.
F. cucurbite. See Gourd.] (Chem.)
Defn: A vessel of flask for distillation, used with, or forming part of, an alembic; a matrass; — originally in the shape of a gourd, with a wide mouth. See Alembic.
CUCURBITACEOUS
Cu*cur`bi*ta"ceous (-b-t"shs), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cucurbitac.] (Bot.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants of which the cucumber, melon, and gourd are common examples.
CUCURBITIVE
Cu*cur"bi*tive (k-kr"b-tv), a.
Defn: Having the shape of a gourd seed; — said of certain small worms.
CUD Cud (kd), n Etym: [AS. cudu, cwudu,cwidu,cweodo, of uncertain origin; cf, G. k bait, Icel. kvi womb, Goth. qipus. Cf. Quid.]
1. That portion of food which is brought up into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be cheved a second time. Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat. Levit. xi. 3
2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed; a quid. [Low]
3. The first stomach of ruminating beasts. Crabb. To chew the cud, to ruminate; to meditate; used with of; as, to chew the cud of bitter memories. Chewed the thrice turned cudof wrath. Tennyson.
CUDBEAR
Cud"bear` (kd"br`), n Etym: [Also cudbeard, corrupted fr. the name of
Dr. Cuthbert Gordon, a Scotchman, who first brought it into notice.]
1. A powder of a violet red color, difficult to moisten with water, used for making violet or purple dye. It is prepared from certain species of lichen, especially Lecanora tartarea. Ure.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: A lichen (Lecanora tartarea), from which the powder is obtained.
CUDDEN Cud"den (kd"d'n), n. Etym: [For sense 1, cf. Scot.cuddy an ass; for sense 2, see 3d Cuddy.]
1. A clown; a low rustic; a dolt. [Obs.] The slavering cudden, propped upon his staff. Dryden.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The coalfish. See 3d Cuddy.
CUDDLE
Cud"dle (kd"d'l), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Cuddled (-d'ld); p.pr. & vb. n.
Cuddling (-dlng).] Etym: [Prob. for couthle, fr. couth known; cf. OE.
kuppen to cuddle, or cu to make friends with. SeeCouth, Uncouth,
Can.]
Defn: To She cuddles low beneath the brake; Nor would she stay, nor dares she fly. Prior.
CUDDLE
Cud"dle, v. t.
Defn: To embrace closely; to foundle. Forby.
CUDDLE
Cud"dle, n.
Defn: A close embrace.
CUDDY
Cud"dy (-d), n. Etym: [See Cudden. ]
1. An ass; esp., one driven by a huckster or greengrocer. [Scot.]
2. Hence: A blockhead; a lout. Hood.
3. (Mech.)
Defn: A lever mounted on a tripod for lifting stones, leveling up railroad ties, etc. Knight.
CUDDY
Cud"dy (kd"d), n. Etym: [Prob. a contraction fr. D. kajuit cabin: cf.
F.cahute hut.] (Naut.)
Defn: A small cabin: also, the galley or kitchen of a vessel.
CUDDY Cud"dy, n. Etym: [Scot.; cf. Gael. cudaig, cudainn, or E.cuttlefish, or cod, codfish.] (Zoöl)
Defn: The coalfish (Pollachius carbonarius). [Written also cudden.]
CUDGEL Cudg"el (kj"l), n. Etym: [OE. kuggel; cf. G. keule club (with a round end), kugel ball, or perh. W. cogyl cudgel, or D. cudse, kuds, cudgel.]
Defn: A staff used in cudgel play, shorter than the quarterstaff, and wielded with one hand; hence, any heavy stick used as a weapon. He getteth him a grievous crabtree cudgel and . . . falls to rating of them as if they were dogs. Bunyan. Cudgel play, a fight or sportive contest with cudgels. — To cross the cudgels, to forbear or give up the contest; — a phrase borrowed from the practice of cudgel players, who lay one cudgel over another when the contest is ended. — To take up cudgels for, to engage in a contest in behalf of (some one or something).
CUDGEL Cudg"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cudgeled or Cudgelled (-; p. pr. & vb. n. Cudgeling or cudgelling.]
Defn: To beat with a cudgel.
An he here, I would cudgel him like a dog. Shak.
To cudgel one's brains, to exercise one's wits.
CUDGELER
Cudg"el*er (-r), n.
Defn: One who beats with a cudgel. [Written also cudgeller.]
CUDWEED Cud"weed` (kd"wd`), n Etym: [Apparently fr. cud. + weed, but perh. a corruption of cottonweed; or of cut weed, so called from its use as an application to cuts and chafings.] (Bot.)
Defn: A small composite plant with cottony or silky stem and leaves, primarily a species of Gnaphalium, but the name is now given to many plants of different genera, as Filago, Antennaria, etc.; cottonweed.
CUE
Cue (k, n. Etym: [ OF. coue, coe, F. queue, fr. L. coda, cauda, tail.
Cf. Caudal, Coward, Queue.]
1. The tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of hair worn at the back of the head; a queue.
2. The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an intimation for the next succeeding player to speak; any word or words which serve to remind a player to speak or to do something; a catchword. When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer. Shak.
3. A hint or intimation. Give them [the servants] their cue to attend in two lines as he leaves the house. Swift.
4. The part one has to perform in, or as in, a play. Were it my cueto fight, I should have known it Without a prompter. Shak.
5. Humor; temper of mind. [Colloq.] Dickens.
6. A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls in playing billiards.
CUE
Cue, v. t.
Defn: To form into a cue; to braid; to twist.
CUE
Cue, n. Etym: [From q, an abbreviation for quadrans a farthing.]
Defn: A small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a farthing or half farthing. [Obs.]
Note: The term was formerly current in the English universities, the letter q being the mark in the buttery books to denote such a portion. Nares. Hast thou worn Gowns in the university, tossed logic, Sucked philosophy, eat cues Old Play.
CUERPO
Cuer"po (kwr"p), n. Etym: [Sp. cuerpo, fr. L. corpus body. See
Corpse.]
Defn: The body. In cuerpo, without full dress, so that the shape of the Body is exposed; hence, naked or uncovered. Exposed in cuerpo to their rage. Hudibras.
CUESTA
Cues"ta, n. [Sp.]
Defn: A sloping plain, esp. one with the upper end at the crest of a cliff; a hill or ridge with one face steep and the opposite face gently sloping. [Southwestern U. S.]
CUFF
Cuff (kf), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cuffed (k; p. pr. & vb. n. Cuffing.]
Etym: [Cf. Sw. kuffa to knock, push,kufva to check, subdue, and E.
cow, v. t. ]
1. To strike; esp., to smite with the palm or flat of the hand; to slap. I swear I'll cuff you, if you strike again. Shak. They with their quills did all the hurt they could, And cuffed the tender chickens from their food. Dryden.
2. To buffet. "Cuffed by the gale." Tennyson.
CUFF
Cuff, v. i.
Defn: To fight; to scuffle; to box.
While the peers cuff to make the rabble sport. Dryden.
CUFF
Cuff, n.
Defn: A blow; esp.,, a blow with the open hand; a box; a slap.
Snatcheth his sword, and fiercely to him flies; Who well it wards,
and quitten cuff with cuff. Spenser.
Many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.
CUFF Cuff, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. coiffe headdress, hood, or coif; as if the cuff were a cap for the hand. Cf. Coif.]
1. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sleeve turned back from the hand. He would visit his mistress in a morning gown, band,short cuffs, and a peaked beard. Arbuthnot.
2. Any ornamental appendage at the wrist, whether attached to the sleeve of the garment or separate;especially, in modern times, such an appendage of starched linen, or a substitute for it of paper, or the like.
CUFFY
Cuf"fy (k, n.
Defn: A name for a negro. [Slang]
CUFIC Cu"fic (k`fk), a. Etym: [So called from the town of Cufa, in the province of Bagdad.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the older characters of the Arabic language. [Written also Kufic.]
CUI BONO
Cui` bo"no. [L.]
Defn: Lit., for whose benefit; incorrectly understood, it came to be used in the sense, of what good or use; and hence, (what) purpose; object; specif., the ultimate object of life.
CUINAGE
Cuin"age (kwn`j), n.Etym: [Corrupted fr. coinage.]
Defn: The stamping of pigs of tin, by the proper officer, with the arms of the duchy of Cornwall.
CUIRASS Cui*rass" (kw-rs`, or kw`rs; 277), n.; pl. Cuirasses(-. Etym: [ F.cuirasse, orig., a breascuir, cuirie influenced by It. corazza, or Sp. cora, fr. an assumed LL. coriacea, fr. L. coriacevs, adj., of leather, fr. corium leather, hide; akin to Gr. skora hide, Lith. skura hide, leather. Cf. Coriaceous.]
1. (a) A piece of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to the girdle. (b) The breastplate taken by itself.
Note: The cuirass covered the body before and behind. It consisted of two parts, a breast- and backpiece of iron fastened together by means of straps and buckles or other like contrivances. It was originally, as the name imports, made of leather, but afterward of metal. Crose.
2. (Zoöl)
Defn: An armor of bony plates, somewhat resembling a cuirass.
CUIRASSED
Cui*rassed" (kw-rst` or kw`rst), a.
1. Wearing a cuirass.
2. (Zoöl)
Defn: Having a covering of bony plates, resembling a cuirass;- said of certain fishes.
CUIRASSIER
Cui`ras*sier" (kw`rs-sr"), n. Etym: [F. cuirassier. See Curass.]
Defn: A soldier armed with a cuirass. Milton.
CUIR BOUILLI
Cuir" bou`illi". [F.]
Defn: In decorative art, boiled leather, fitted by the process to receive impressed patterns, like those produced by chasing metal, and to retain the impression permanently.
CUISH Cuish (kws), n. Etym: [F. cuisse thigh, fr. L. coxa hip: cf. F. cuissard, OF, cuissot, armor for the thigh, cuish. Cf. Hough.]
Defn: Defensive armor for the thighs. [ Written also cuisse, and quish.]
CUISINE Cui`sine" (kw`zn"), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. coquina kitchen, fr. coquere to cook. See Kitchen.]
1. The kitchen or cooking department.
2. Manner or style of cooking.
CULASSE
Cu`lasse" (ku`ls"), n. Etym: [F., fr. cul back.]
Defn: The lower faceted portion of a brilliant-cut diamond.
CULDEE
Cul*dee" (k, n. Etym: [ Prob. fr. Gael.cuilteach; cf. Ir. ceilede.]
Defn: One of a class of anchorites who lived in various parts of
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
The pure Culdees Were Albyn's earliest priests of God. Campbell.
CUL-DE-SAC Cul`-de-sac" (ku`de-sk" or kul`de-sk"), n.; pl. Culs-de-sac (ku`- or kulz`-). Etym: [ F., lit., bottom of a bag.]
1. A passage with only one outlet, as a street closed at one end; a blind alley; hence, a trap.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: a position in which an army finds itself with no way of exit but to the front.
3. (Anat.)
Defn: Any bag-shaped or tubular cavity, vessel, or organ, open only at one end.
CULERAGE
Cul"er*age (kl"r-j), n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Culrage.
CULEX
Cu"lex (k"lks), n. Etym: [L., a gnat.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of dipterous insects, including the gnat and mosquito.
CULICID
Cu"li*cid, a. [L. culex, -icis, gnat.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Like or pertaining to the Mosquito family (Culicidæ). — n.
Defn: A culicid insect.
CULICIFORM Cu*lic"i*form (k-ls"i-frm). a. Etym: [L. culex a gnat + -form:cf. F. culiciforme.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Gnat-shaped.
CULINARILY
Cu"li*na*ri*ly (k`l-n-r-l), adv.
Defn: In the manner of a kitchen; in connection with a kitchen or cooking.
CULINARY Cu"li*na*ry (k"l-n-r), a. Etym: [L. culinarius, fr. culina kitchen, perh. akin to carbo coal: cf. F. culinare.]
Defn: Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery; used in kitchens; as, a culinary vessel; the culinary art.
CULL
Cull (kl), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Culled (kld); p. pr.& Culling.] Etym:
[OE., OF. cuillir, coillir, F.cueillir, to gather, pluck, pick, fr.
L. colligere. See Coil, v. t., and cf. Collect.]
Defn: To separate, select, or pick out; to choose and gather or
collect; as, to cuil flowers.
From his herd he culls, For slaughter, from the fairest of his bulls.
Dryden.
Whitest honey in fairy gardens culled. Tennyson.
CULL
Cull, n.
Defn: A cully; a dupe; a gull. See Gully.
CULLENDER
Cul"len*der (kl"ln-dr), n.
Defn: A strainer. See Colander.
CULLER
Cull"er (kl"r), n.
Defn: One who piks or chooses; esp., an inspector who select wares suitable for market.
CULLET
Cul"let (kl"lt), n. Etym: [From Cull, v. t. ]
Defn: Broken glass for remelting.
CULLET
Cul"let, n. Etym: [A dim. from F. cul back.]
Defn: A small central plane in the back of a cut gem. See Collet, 3 (b).
CULLIBILITY
Cul`li*bil"i*ty (-l-bl"-ty), n. Etym: [From cully to trick, cheat.]
Defn: Gullibility. [R.] Swift.
CULLIBLE
Cul"li*ble (kl"l-b'l), a.
Defn: Easily deceived; gullible.
CULLING
Cull"ing (kl"ng), n
1. The act of one who culls.
2. pl.
Defn: Anything separated or selected from a mass.
CULLION Cul"lion (kl"yn), n. Etym: [OF. couillon, coillon, F. co, a vile fellow, coward, dupe, from OF. couillon, coillon, testicle, fr. il the scrotum, fr. L. coleus a leather bag, the scrotum.]
Defn: A mean wretch; a base fellow; a poltroon; a scullion. "Away, base cullions." Shak.
CULLIONLY
Cul"lion*ly, a.
Defn: Mean; base. Shak.
CULLIS
Cul"lis (k, n. Etym: [OF. coleïs, F. coulis, fr. OF. & F. couler to
strain, to flow, fr. L. colare to filter, strain; cf. LL. coladicium.
Cf. Colander.]
Defn: A strong broth of meat, strained and made clear for invalids; also, a savory jelly. [Obs.] When I am exellent at caudles And cullises . . . you shall be welcome to me. Beau. & Fl.
CULLIS Cul"lis, n.; pl. Cullises (-. Etym: [F.coulisse groove, fr. the same source as E. cullis broth.] (Arch.)
Defn: A gutter in a roof; a channel or groove.
CULLS
Culls (klz), n. pl. Etym: [From Cull,, v. t.]
1. Refuse timber, from which the best part has been culled out.
2. Any refuse stuff, as rolls not properly baked.
CULLY
Cul"ly (kl"l), n.; pl. Cullies (-l. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. cullion.]
Defn: A person easily deceived, tricked, or imposed on; a mean dupe;
a gull.
I have learned that . . . I am not the first cully whom she has
passed upon for a countess. Addison.
CULLY
Cul"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Cully,n., and cf. D. kullen to cheat, gull.]
Defn: To trick, cheat, or impose on; to deceive. "Tricks to cully fools." Pomfret.
CULLYISM
Cul"ly*ism (-z'm), n.
Defn: The state of being a cully.
Less frequent instances of eminent cullyism. Spectator.
CULM
Culm (klm), n. Etym: [L. culmus stark, stem; akin to colasmus.
SeeHalm.] (Bot.)
Defn: The stalk or stem of grain and grasses (including the bamboo), jointed and usually hollow.
CULM Culm, n. Etym: [Perh. from W. cwlm knot or tie, applied to this species of coal, which is much found in balls or knots in some parts of Wales: cf. OE. culme smoke, soot.] (Min.) (a) Mineral coal that is not bituminous; anthracite, especially when found in small masses. (b) The waste of the Pennsylvania anthracite mines, consisting of fine coal, dust, etc., and used as fuel. Raymond.
CULMEN Cul"men (kl"mn), n. Etym: [L., fr. cellere (in comp.) to impel; cf. celsus pushed upward, lofty.]
1. Top; summit; acme. R. North.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The dorsal ridge of a bird's bill.
CULMIFEROUS Cul*mif"er*ous (kl-mf"r-s), a. Etym: [L. culmus stalk or stem + - ferous: cf. F. culmif.]
Defn: Having jointed stems or culms.
CULMIFEROUS
Cul*mif"er*ous (kl-mf"r-s), a.Etym: [2d culm + -ferous.] (Min.)
Defn: Containing, or abounding in, culm or glance coal.
CULMINAL
Cul"mi*nal (kl"m-nal), a.
Defn: Pertaining to a culmen.
CULMINANT
Cul"mi*nant (-nant), a.
Defn: Being vertical, or at the highest point of altitude; hence, predominant. [R.]
CULMINATE Cul"mi*nate (kl"m-nt), v. i. [imp. & p.p. Culminated (-n`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Culminating (-n Etym: [L. cuimen top or ridge. See Column.]
1. To reach its highest point of altitude; to come to the meridian; to be vertical or directly overhead. As when his beams at noon Culminate from the equator. Milton.
2. To reach the highest point, as of rank, size, power, numbers, etc. The reptile race culminated in the secondary era. Dana. The house of Burgundy was rapidly culminating. Motley.
CULMINATE
Cul"mi*nate (kl"m-nt), a.
Defn: Growing upward, as distinguished from a laterral growth; — applied to the growth of corals. Dana.
CULMINATION
Cul"mi*na"tion (kl`m-n"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F.culmination]
1. The attainment of the highest point of altitude reached by a heavently body; passage across the meridian; transit.
2. Attainment or arrival at the highest pitch of glory, power, etc.
CULPA
Cul"pa (kl"p), n. Etym: [L.] (Law)
Defn: Negligence or fault, as distinguishable from dolus (deceit, fraud), which implies intent, culpa being imputable to defect of intellect, dolus to defect of heart. Wharton.
CULPABILITY
Cul`pa*bil"i*ty (kl`p-bl`-t), n.; pl. Culpabilities (-t. Etym: [Cf.
F. culpabilité.]
Defn: The state of being culpable.
CULPABLE
Cul"pa*ble (kl"p-b'l), a. Etym: [OE. culpable, coulpable, coupable,
F. coupable, formerly also coupable, formerly also coulpable,
culpable, fr. L. culpabilis, fr. culpare to blame, fr. culpa fault.]
1. Deserving censure; worthy of blame; faulty; immoral; criminal. State Trials (1413). If he acts according to the best reason he hath, he is not culpable, though he be mistaken in his measures. Sharp.
2. Guilty; as, clpable of a crime. [Obs.] Spenser.
— Cul"pa*ble*ness, n.
— Cul"pa*bly, adv.
CULPATORY
Cul"pa*to*ry (-t-r), a.
Defn: Expressing blame; censuring; reprehensory; inculpating. Adjectives . . . commonly used by Latian authors in a culpatory sense. Walpole.
CULPE
Culpe (klp), n. Etym: [F. coulpe, fr.L.culpa.]
Defn: Blameworthiness. [Obs.]
Banished out of the realme . . . without culpe. E. Hall.
CULPON
Cul"pon (kl"pn), n. Etym: [See Coupon.]
Defn: A shered; a fragment; a strip of wood. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CULPRIT
Cul"prit (kl"prt), n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted for culpate, fr. Law
Latin culpatus the accused, p. p. of L. culpare to blame. See
Culpable.]
1. One accused of, or ar An author is in the condition of a culprit; the public are his judges. Prior.
2. One quilty of a fault; a criminal.
CULRAGE Cul"rage (kl"rj), n. Etym: [OE. culrage, culrache; prob. fr. F. cul the buttok + F. & E. rage; F. curage.] (Bot.)
Defn: Smartweed (Polygonum Hydropiper).
CULT Cult (klt) n .Etym: [F. culte, L. cultus care, culture, fr. colere to cultivate. Cf. Cultus.]
1. Attentive care; homage; worship. Every one is convinced of the reality of a better self, and of. thecult or homage which is due to it. Shaftesbury.
2. A system of religious belief and worship. That which was the religion of Moses is the ceremonial or cult of the religion of Christ. Coleridge.
CULTCH
Cultch (klch;224), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]
Defn: Empty oyster shells and other substances laid down on oyster grounds to furnish points for the attachment of the spawn of the oyster. [Also written cutch.]
CULTER
Cul"ter (kl"tr), n. Etym: [L.]
Defn: A colter. See Colter.
CULTIROSTRAL
Cul`ti*ros"tral (-t-rs"tral), a. Etym: [See Cultirostres.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Having a bill shaped like the colter of a plow, or like a knife, as the heron, stork, etc.
CULTIROSTRES Cul`ti*ros"tres (-trz), n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. culter colter of a plow, knife + rostrum bill.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A tribe of wading birds including the stork, heron, crane, etc.
CULTIVABLE
Cul"ti*va*ble (kl"t-v-b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cultivable.]
Defn: Capable of being cultivated or tilled. Todd.
CULTIVATABLE
Cul"ti*va`ta*ble (kl"t-v`t-b'l), a.
Defn: Cultivable.
CULTIVATE Cul"ti*vate (kl"t-vt), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cultivated (-v`td); p.pr. & vb. n. Cultivating (-v`-t*ng).] Etym: [LL. cultivatus, p.p. of cultivare to cultivate, fr. cultivus cultivated, fr. L. cultus, p.p. of colere to till, cultivate. Cf. Colony.]
1. To bestow attention, care, and labor upon, with a view to valuable returns; to till; to fertilize; as, to cultivate soil.
2. To direct special attention to; to devote time and thought to; to foster; to cherish. Leisure . . . to cultivate general literature. Wordsworth.
3. To seek the society of; to court intimacy with. I ever looked on Lord Keppel as one of the greatest and best men of his age; and I loved and cultivated him accordingly. Burke.
4. To improve by labor, care, or study; to impart culture to; to civilize; to refine. To cultivate the wild, licentious savage. Addison. The mind of man hath need to be prepared for piety and virtue; it must be cultivated to the end. Tillotson.
5. To raise or produce by tillage; to care for while growing; as, to cultivate corn or grass.
CULTIVATION
Cul`ti*va"tion (kl`t-v"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cultivation.]
1. The art or act of cultivating; improvement for agricultural purposes or by agricultural processes; tillage; production by tillage.
2. Bestowal of time or attention for self-improvement or for the benefit of others; fostering care.
3. The state of being cultivated; advancement in physical, intellectual, or moral condition; refinement; culture. Italy . . . was but imperfectly reduced to cultivation before the irruption of the barbarians. Hallam.
CULTIVATOR
Cul"ti*va`tor (kl"t-v`tr), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cultivateur.]
1. One who cultivates; as, a cultivator of the soil; a cultivator of literature. Whewell.
2. An agricultural implement used in the tillage of growing crops, to loosen the surface of the earth and kill the weeds; esp., a triangular frame set with small shares, drawn by a horse and by handles.
Note: In a broader signification it includes any complex implement for pulverizing or stirring the surface of the soil, as harrows, grubbers, horse hoes, etc.
CULTRATE; CULTRATED Cul"trate (kl"trt), Cul"tra*ted (-tr-td), a. Etym: [L. cultratus knife-shaped, fromculter, cultri, knife.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Sharp-edged and pointed; shaped like a pruning knife, as the beak of certain birds.
CULTRIFORM
Cul"tri*form (-tr-frm), a. Etym: [L. culter, cultri, knife + -form.]
(Bot. & Zoöl.)
Defn: Shaped like a pruning knife; cultrate.
CULTRIVOROUS Cul*triv"o*rous (kl-trb"-rs), a. Etym: [L. culter, cultri, knife + vorare to devour.]
Defn: Devouring knives; swallowing, or pretending to swallow, knives; — applied to persons who have swallowed, or have seemed to swallow, knives with impunity. Dunglison.
CULTURABLE
Cul"tur*a*ble (kl"tr—b'l; 135), a.
Defn: Capable of, or fit for, being cultivated; capable or becoming cultured. London Spectator.
CULTURAL
Cul"tur*al (kl"tr-al), a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to culture.
CULTURE Cul"ture (kl"tr; 135), n. Etym: [F. culture, L. cultura, fr. colere to till, cultivate; of uncertain origin. Cf. Colony.]
1. The act or practice of cultivating, or of preparing the earth for seed and raising crops by tillage; as, the culture of the soil.
2. The act of, or any labor or means employed for, training, disciplining, or refining the moral and intellectual nature of man; as. the culture of the mind. If vain our toil We ought to blame theculture, not the soil. Pepe.
3. The state of being cultivated; result of cultivation; physical improvement; enlightenment and discipline acquired by mental and moral training; civilization; refinement in manners and taste. What the Greeks expressed by their humanitas, we less happily try to express by the more artificial word culture. J. C. Shairp. The list of all the items of the general life of a people represents that whole which we call its culture. Tylor. Culture fluid, a fluid in which the germs of microscopic organisms are made to develop, either for purposes of study or as a means of modifying their virulence.
CULTURE
Cul"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cultured (-trd; 135); p. pr. & vb. n.
Culturing.]
Defn: To cultivate; to educate.
They came . . . into places well inhabited and cultured. Usher.
CULTURED
Cul"tured (kl"trd), a.
1. Under culture; cultivated. "Cultured vales." Shenstone.
2. Characterized by mental and moral training; disciplined; refined; well-educated. The sense of beauty in nature, even among cultured people, is less often met with than other mental endowments. I. Taylor. The cunning hand and cultured brain. Whittier.
CULTURE FEATURES
Culture features. (Surv.)
Defn: The artificial features of a district as distinguished from the natural.
CULTURELESS
Cul"ture*less, a.
Defn: Having no culture.
CULTURE MYTH
Culture myth.
Defn: A myth accounting for the discovery of arts and sciences or the advent of a higher civilization, as in the Prometheus myth.
CULTURIST
Cul"tur*ist, n.
1. A cultivator.
2. One who is an advocate of culture. The culturists, by which term I mean not those who esteem culture (as what intelligent man does notJ. C. Shairp
CULTUS Cul"tus (kl"ts), n. sing. & pl.; E. pl.Cultuses (-. Etym: [L., cultivation, culture. See Cult.]
Defn: Established or accepted religious rites or usages of worship; state of religious development. Cf.Cult, 2.
CULTUS COD
Cul"tus cod` (kd`). Etym: [Chinook cultus of little worth.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Cod, and Buffalo cod, under Buffalo.
CULVER
Cul"ver (k"vr), n. Etym: [AS. culfre, perh. fr. L. columba.]
Defn: A dove. "Culver in the falcon's fist." Spenser.
CULVER
Cul"ver, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. Culverin.]
Defn: A culverin. Falcon and culver on each tower Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower. Sir W. Scott.
CULVERHOUSE
Cul"ver*house` (-hous`), n.
Defn: A dovecote.
CULVERIN Cul"ver*in (kl"vr-n), n.Etym: [F. coulevrine, prop. fem. of couleuvrin like a serpent, fr. couleuvre adder, fr. L. coluber, colubra.]
Defn: A long cannon of the 16th century, usually an 18-pounder with serpent-shaped handles. Trump, and drum, and roaring culverin. Mac
CULVERKEY
Cul"ver*key` (-k`), n.
1. A bunch of the keys or samaras of the ash tree. Wright.
2. An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine or the bluebell squill (Scilla nutans). [Obs.] A girl cropping culverkeys and cowslips to make garlands. Walton.
CULVER'S PHYSIC; CULVER'S ROOT Cul"ver's phys"ic, or Cul"ver's root`. [So called after a Dr. Culver, who used it.] (Bot.)
Defn: The root of a handsome erect herb (Leptandra, syn. Veronica, Virginica) common in most moist woods of North America , used as an active cathartic and emetic; also, the plant itself.
CULVERT Cul"vert (kl"vrt), n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. coulouere, F. couloir, channel, gutter, gallery, fr. couler to flow. See Cullis.]
Defn: A transverse drain or waterway of masonry under a road, railroad, canal, etc.; a small bridge.
CULVERTAIL
Cul"ver*tail` (kl"vr-tl`), n. (Carp.)
Defn: Dovetail.
CULVERTAILED
Cul"ver*tailed` (-tld`), a.
Defn: United or fastened by a dovetailed joint.
CUMACEA
Cu*ma"ce*a (k-m"sh- or -s-), n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of marine Crustacea, mostly of small size.
CUMBENT
Cum"bent (km"bent), a. Etym: [Cf. Recumbent, Covey.]
Defn: Lying down; recumbent. J. Dyer.
CUMBER
Cum"ber (km"br), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cumbered (-brd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Cumbering.] Etym: [OE. combren, cumbren,OF. combrer to hinder, from
LL. cumbrus a heap, fr. L. cumulus; cf. Skr. to increase, grow
strong. Cf. Cumulate.]
Defn: To rest upon as a troublesome or useless weight or load; to be burdensome or oppressive to; to hinder or embarrass in attaining an object, to obstruct or occupy uselessly; to embarrass; to trouble. Why asks he what avails him not in fight, And would but cumber and retard his flight Dryden. Martha was cumbered about much serving. Luke x. 40. Cut it down; why cumbereth it the ground Luke xiii. 7. The multiplying variety of arguments, especially frivolous ones, . . . but cumbers the memory. Locke.
CUMBER
Cum"ber (km"br), n. Etym: [Cf. encombre hindrance, impediment. See
Cuber,v.]
Defn: Trouble; embarrassment; distress. [Obs.] [Written also comber.]
A place of much distraction and cumber. Sir H. Wotton.
Sage counsel in cumber. Sir W. Scott.
CUMBERSOME
Cum"ber*some (k, a.
1. Burdensome or hindering, as a weight or drag; embarrassing; vexatious; cumbrous. To perform a cumbersome obedience. Sir. P. Sidney.
2. Not easily managed; as, a cumbersome contrivance or machine. He holds them in utter contempt, as lumbering, cumbersome, circuitous. I. Taylor. — Cum"ber*some*ly, adv. — Cum"ber*some*ness,n.
CUMBRANCE
Cum"brance (km"brans), n.
Defn: Encumbrance. [Obs.] Extol not riches then, the toil of fools, The wise man's cumbrance, if not snare. Milton.
CUMBRIAN
Cum"bri*an (km"br-an), a.
Defn: Pertaining to Cumberland, England, or to a system of rocks found there. Cumbrian system (Geol.), the slate or graywacke system of rocks, now included in the Cambrian or Silurian system; — so called because most prominent at Cumberland.
CUMBROUS
Cum"brous (km"brs), a.
1. Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving to obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging. He sunk beneath the cumbrous weight. Swift. That cumbrousand unwieldy style which disfigures English composition so extensively. De Quincey.
2. Giving trouble; vexatious. [Obs.]
A clud of cumbrous gnats. Spenser.
— Cum"brous*ly, adv.
— Cum"brous*ness, n.
CUMENE
Cu"mene (k"mn), n. Etym: [From Cumin.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless oily hydrocarbon, C6H5.C3H7, obtained by the distillation of cuminic acid; — called also cumol.
CUMFREY
Cum"frey (km"fr), n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Comfrey.
CUMIC
Cu"mic (k"mk), a. (Chem.)
Defn: See Cuming.
CUMIDINE
Cu"mi*dine (k"m-dn or -dn), n. Etym: [From Cumin.] (Chem.)
Defn: A strong, liquid, organic base, C3H7.C6H4.NH2, homologous with aniline.
CUMIN
Cum"in (km"n), n. Etym: [OE.comin, AS. cymen, fr. L. cuminum,
Gr.kamm, Heb. kamm; cf. OF. comin, F. cumin. Cf. Kummel.] (Bot.)
Defn: A dwarf umbelliferous plant, somewhat resembling fennel (Cuminum Cyminum), cultivated for its seeds, which have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aromatic flavor, and are used like those of anise and caraway. [Written also cummin.] Rank-smelling rue, and cumin good for eyes. Spenser. Black cumin (Bot.), a plant (Nigella sativa) with pungent seeds, used by the Afghans, etc.
CUMINIC
Cu*min"ic (k-mn"k), a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cumin, or from oil of caraway; as, cuminic acid. Cuminic acid (Chem.), white crystalline substance, C3H7.C6H4.CO2H, obtained from oil of caraway.
CUMINIL
Cu"mi*nil (k"m-nl), n .
Defn: A substance, analogous to benzil, obtained from oil of caraway.
CUMINOL
Cu"mi*nol (-nl), n. Etym: [Cuminic + L. oleum.]
Defn: A liquid, C3H7.C6H4.CHO, obtained from oil of caraway; — called also cuminic aldehyde.
CUMMERBUND Cum"mer*bund`, n. [Written also kummerbund, cummerband, etc.] [Hind. kamarband, fr. Per. Kamar loins + band fastening.]
Defn: A sash for the waist; a girdle. [India]
CUMMIN
Cum"min (km"mn), n.
Defn: Same as Cumin.
Ye pay tithe of mint, and cummin. Matt. xxiii. 23.
CUMQUAT
Cum"quat, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Kumquat.
CUMSHAW
Cum"shaw (km"sha), n. Etym: [Chin. kom-tsie.]
Defn: A present or bonus; — originally applied to that paid on ships which entered the port of Canton. S. Wells Williams.
CUMSHAW
Cum"shaw, v. t.
Defn: To give or make a present to.
CUMU-CIRRO-STRATUS
Cu"mu-cir`ro-stra"tus (k`m*-sr`r-str"ts), n. (Meteor.)
Defn: Nimbus, or rain cloud. See Nimbus, and Cloud.
CUMULATE Cu"mu*late (k"m-lt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cumulated (-l`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Cumulating (-l`tng).] Etym: [L. cumulatus, p. p. of cumulare to heap up, fr. cumulus a heap. See Cumber.]
Defn: To gather or throw into a heap; to heap together; to
accumulate.
Shoals of shells, bedded and cumulated heap upon heap. Woodward.
CUMULATION
Cu`mu*la"tion (k`m-l"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. cumulation.]
Defn: The act of heaping together; a heap. See Accumulation.
CUMULATIST
Cu"mu*la*tist (k"m-l-tst), n.
Defn: One who accumulates; one who collects. [R.]
CUMULATIVE
Cu"mu*la*tive (k"m-l-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cumulatif.]
1. Composed of parts in a heap; forming a mass; agregated. "As for knowledge which man receiveth by teaching, it is cumulative, njt original." Bacon
2. Augmenting, gaining, or giving force, by successive additions; as, a cumulative argument, i. e., one whose force increases as the statement proceeds. The argument . . . is in very truth not logical and single, but moral and cumulative. Trench.
3. (Law) (a) Tending to prove the same point to which other evidence has been offered; — said of evidence. (b) Given by same testator to the same legatee; — said of a legacy. Bouvier. Wharton.
Cumulative action (Med.), that action of certain drugs, by virtue of which they produce, when administered in small doses repeated at considerable intervals, the same effect as if given in a single large dose. — Cumulative poison, a poison the action of which is cumulative. — Cumulative vote or system of voting (Politics), that system which allows to each voter as many votes as there are persons to be voted for, and permits him to accumulate these votes upon one person, or to distribute them among the candidates as he pleases.
CUMULOSE
Cu"mu*lose` (k"m-ls`), a. Etym: [From Cumulus.]
Defn: Full of heaps.
CUMULOSTRATUS
Cu"mu*lo*stra"tus (k"m-l-str"ts), n. (Meteor.)
Defn: A form of cloud. See Cloud.
CUMULUS
Cu"mu*lus (k"m-ls), n.; pl. Cumuli (-l. Etym: [L., a heap. See
Cumber.] (Meteor.)
Defn: One of the four principal forms of clouds. SeeCloud.
CUN
Cun (kn), v. t. Etym: [See Cond.]
Defn: To con (a ship). [Obs.]
CUN
Cun, v. t. Etym: [See 1st Con.]
Defn: To know. See Con. [Obs.]
CUNABULA Cu*nab"u*la (k-nb"-l), n. pl. Etym: [L., a cradle, earliest abode, fr. cunae cradle.]
1. The earliest abode; original dwelling place; originals; as, the cunabula of the human race.
2. (Bibliography)
Defn: The extant copies of the first or earliest printed books, or of such as were printed in the 15th century.
CUNCTATION Cunc*ta"tion (knk-t"shn), n. Etym: [L. cunctatio, fr. cunctari, p.p. cunctatus, to delay.]
Defn: Delay; procrastination. [R.] Carlyle.
CUNCTATIVE
Cunc"ta*tive (knk"t-tv), a.
Defn: Slow; tardy; dilatory; causing delay.
CUNCTATOR Cunc*ta"tor (knk-t"tr), n. Etym: [L., lit., a delayer; — applied as a surname to Q. Fabius Maximus.]
Defn: One who delays or lingers. [R.]
CUNCTIPOTENT Cunc*tip"o*tent (knk-tp"-tent), a. Etym: [L. cunctipotens; cunctus all + potens powerful.]
Defn: All-powerful; omnipotent. [R] "God cunctipotent." Neale (Trans.
Rhythm of St. Bernard).
CUND
Cund (k*nd), v. t. Etym: [See Cond.]
Defn: To con (a ship). [Obs.]
CUNDURANGO
Cun`du*ran"go (kn`d-rn"g), n. (Med.)
Defn: The bark of a South American vine (Gonolobus Condurango) of the Milkweed family. It has been supposed, but erroneously, to be a cure for cancer. [Written also condurango.]
CUNEAL
Cu"ne*al (k"n-al), Etym: [L. cuneus a wege. See Coin.]
Defn: Relating to a wedge; wedge-shaped.
CUNEATE; CUNEATED Cu"ne*ate (k"n-t), Cu"ne*a`ted (-`tEd), a. Etym: [L.cuneatus, fr. cuneus a wege SeeCoin.]
Defn: Wedge-shaped; (Bot.), wedge-shaped, with the point at the base; as, a cuneate leaf.
CUNEATIC
Cu`ne*at"ic (k`n-t"k), a.
Defn: Cuneiform. "Cuneatic decipherment." Sayce.
CUNEIFORM; CUNIFORM Cu*ne"i*form (k-n"-frm), Cu"ni*form (k"n-frm), a. Etym: [L. cuneus a wedge + -form: cf. F. cunei-forme. See Coin.]
1. Wedge-shaped; as, a cuneiform bone; — especially applied to the wedge-shaped or arrowheaded characters of ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. See Arrowheaded.
2. Pertaining to, or versed in, the ancient wedge-shaped characters, or the inscriptions in them. "A cuneiform scholar." Rawlinson.
CUNEIFORM; CUNIFORM
Cu*ne"i*form, Cu"ni*form, n.
1. The wedge-shaped characters used in ancient Persian and Assyrian inscriptions. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
2. (Anat.) (a) One of the three tarsal bones supporting the first, second third metatarsals. They are usually designated as external, middle, and internal, or ectocuniform, mesocuniform, and entocuniform, respectively. (b) One of the carpal bones usually articulating wich the ulna; — called also pyramidal and ulnare.
CUNETTE
Cu*nette" (k-nt"), n. Etym: [F.] (Fort.)
Defn: A drain trench, in a ditch or moat; — called also cuvette.
CUNNER Cun"ner (kn"nr), n. Etym: [Cf. Conner.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small edible fish of the Atlantic coast (Ctenolabrus adspersus); — called also chogset, burgall, blue perch, and bait stealer. [Written also conner.] (b) A small shellfish; the limpet or patella.
CUNNING
Cun"ning (kn"nng), a. Etym: [AS. cunnan to know, to be able. See 1st
Con, Can.]
1. Knowing; skillfull; dexterous. "A cunning workman." Ex. xxxviii. 23. "Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on. Shak. Esau was a cunning hunter. Gen xxv. 27.
2. Wrought with, or exibiting, skill or ingenuity; ingenious; curious; as, cunning work. Over them Arachne high did lift Her cunning web. Spenser.
3. Crafty; sly; artful; designid; deceitful. They are resolved to be cunning; let others run the hazard of being sincere. South.
4. Pretty or pleasing; as, a cunning little boy. [Colloq. U.S.] Barlett.
Syn. — Cunning, Artful, Sly, Wily, Crafty. These epithets agree in expressing an aptitude for attaining some end by peculiar and secret means. Cunning is usually low; as, a cunning trick. Artful is more ingenious and inventive; as, an artful device. Sly implies a turn for what is double or concealed; as, sly humor; a sly evasion. Crafty denotes a talent for dexterously deceiving; as, a crafty manager. Wily describes a talent for the use of stratagems; as, a wily politician. "Acunning man often shows his dexterity in simply concealing. An artful man goes further, and exerts his ingenuity in misleading. A crafty man mingles cunning with art, and so shapes his actions as to lull suspicions. The young may be cunning, but the experienced only can be crafty. Slyness is a vulgar kind of cunning; the sly man goes cautiously and silently to work. Wiliness is a species of cunning or craft applicable only to cases of attack and defence." Crabb.
CUNNING
Cun"ning, n. Etym: [AS. cunnung trial, or Icel. kunnandi knowledge.
See Cunning, a.]
1. Knowledge; art; skill; dexterity. [Archaic] Let my right hand forget her cunning. Ps. cxxxvii. 5. A carpenter's desert Stands more in cunning than in power. Chapman.
2. The faculty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose; fraudulent skill or dexterity; deceit; craft. Discourage cunning in a child; cunning is the ape of wisdom. Locke. We take cunning for a sinister or crooked wisdom. Bacon.
CUNNINGLY
Cun"ning*ly (kn"nng-l), adv.
Defn: In a cunning manner; with cunning.
CUNNINGMAN
Cun"ning*man` (-mn`), n.
Defn: A fortune teller; one who pretends to reveal mysteries. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
CUNNINGNESS
Cun"ning*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being cunning; craft.
CUP Cup (kp), n. Etym: [AS. cuppe, LL. cuppa cup; cf. L. cupa tub, cask; cf. also Gr. k pit, hollow, OSlav. kupa cup. Cf. Coop, Cupola, Cowl a water vessel, and Cob, Coif, Cop.]
1. A small vessel, used commonly to drink from; as, a tin cup, a silver cup, a wine cup; especially, in modern times, the pottery or porcelain vessel, commonly with a handle, used with a saucer in drinking tea, coffee, and the like.
2. The contents of such a vessel; a cupful. Give me a cup of sack, boy. Shak.
3. pl.
Defn: Repeated potations; social or exessive indulgence in intoxicating drinks; revelry. Thence from cups to civil broils. Milton.
4. That which is to be received or indured; that which is allotted to one; a portion. O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me. Matt. xxvi. 39.
5. Anything shaped like a cup; as, the cup of an acorn, or of a flower. The cowslip's golden cup no more I see. Shenstone.
6. (Med.)
Defn: A cupping glass or other vessel or instrument used to produce the vacuum in cupping. Cup and ball, a familiar toy of children, having a cup on the top of a piece of wood to which, a ball is attached by a cord; the ball, being thrown up, is to be caught in the cup; bilboquet. Milman.- Cup and can, familiar companions. — Dry cup, Wet cup (Med.), a cup used for dry or wet cupping. See under Cupping. — To be in one's cups, to be drunk.
CUP
Cup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cupped (kpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Cupping.]
1. To supply with cups of wine. [R.] Cup us, till the world go round. Shak.
2. (Surg.)
Defn: To apply a cupping apparatus to; to subject to the operation of cupping. See Cupping.
3. (Mech.)
Defn: To make concave or in the form of a cup; as, to cup the end of a screw.
CUPBEARER
Cup"bear`er (-br`r), n.
1. One whose office it is to fill and hand the cups at an enterainment.
2. (Antiq.)
Defn: One of the attendants of a prince or noble, permanently charged with the performance of this office for his master. "I was the king's cupbearer." Neh. i. 11.
CUPBOARD
Cup"board (kb"brd), n. Etym: [Cup + board.]
1. A board or shelf for cups and dishes. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. A small closet in a room, with shelves to receive cups, dishes, food, etc.; hence, any small closet. Cupboard love, interested love, or that which has an eye to the cupboard. "A cupboard love is seldom true." Poor Robin. [Colloq.] — To cry cupboard, to call for food; to express hunger. [Colloq.] "My stomach cries cupboard." W. Irving.
CUPBOARD
Cup"board, v. t.
Defn: To collect, as into a cupboard; to hoard. [R.] Shak.
CUPEL Cu"pel (k"pl), n. Etym: [LL. cupella cup (cf. L. cupella, small cask, dim. of cupa) : cf. F. coupelle. See Cup, and cf. Coblet.]
Defn: A shallow porus cup, used in refining precious metals, commonly made of bone ashes (phosphate of lime). [Written also coppel.] Cupel dust, powder used in purifying metals.
CUPEL Cu*pel" (k-pl"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cupelled (-pld"); p. pr. & vb. n. Cupelling.]
Defn: To refine by means of a cupel.
CUPELLATION
Cu`pel*la"tion (k`pl-l"shn), n. Etym: [See Cupel.]
Defn: The act or process of refining gold or silver, etc., in a cupel.
Note: The process consist in exposing the cupel containing the metal to be assayed or refined to a hot blast, by which the lead, copper, tin, etc., are oxidized, dissolved, and carried down into the porous cupel, leaving the unoxidizable precious metal. If lead is not already present in the alloy it must be added before cupellation.
CUPFUL
Cup"ful (kp"fl), n.; pl. Cupfuls (-f.
Defn: As much as a cup will hold.
CUP-GALL
Cup"-gall` (-gl`), n.
Defn: A kind of oak-leaf gall. See Gall.
CUPID Cu"pid (k"pd), n . Etym: [L.Cupido, fr. cupido desire, desire of love, fr. cupidus. See Cupidity.] (Rom. Myth.)
Defn: The god of love, son of Venus; usually represented as a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow. Pretty dimpled boys, like smiling cupids. Shak.
CUPIDITY
Cu*pid"i*ty (k-pd"-t), n. Etym: [F. cupidite, L. cupiditas, fr.
cupidus longing, desiring, fr. cupere to long for, desire. See
Covet.]
1. A passionate desire; love. [Obs.]
2. Eager or inordinate desire, especially for wealth; greed of gain; avarice; covetousness. With the feelings of political distrust were mingled those of cupidity and envy, as the Spaniard saw the fairest provinces of the south still in the hands of the accursed race of Ishmael. Prescott.
CUP-MOSS
Cup"-moss` (kp"ms`; 115), n. (Bot.)
Defn: A kind of lichen, of the genus Cladonia.
CUPOLA Cu"po*la (k"p-l), n.; pl. Cupolas (-l. Etym: [It. cupola, LL. cupula, cuppula (cf. L. cupula little tub). fr. cupa, cuppa, cup; cf. L. cupa tub. So called on account of its resemblance to a cup turned over. See Cup, and cf.Cupule.]
1. (Arch.)
Defn: A roof having a rounded form, hemispherical or nearly so; also, a celing having the same form. When on a large scale it is usually called dome.
2. A small structure standing on the top of a dome; a lantern.
3. A furnace for melting iron or other metals in large quantity, — used chiefly in foundries and steel works.
4. A revoling shot-proof turret for heavy ordnance.
5. (Anat.)
Defn: The top of the spire of the cochlea of the ear.
CUPPER
Cup"per (kp"pr), n. Etym: [Fropm cup.]
Defn: One who performs the operation of cupping.
CUPPING
Cup"ping (kp"png), n. (Med.)
Defn: The operation of drawing blood to or from the surface of the person by forming a partial vacuum over the spot. Also, sometimes, a similar operation for drawing pus from an abscess. Cupping glass, a glass cup in which a partial vacuum is produced by heat, in the process of cupping. — Dry cupping, the application of a cupping instrument without scarification, to draw blood to the surface, produce counter irritation, etc. — Wet cupping, the operation of drawing blood by the application of a cupping instrument after scarification.
CUPPY
Cup"py, a.
1. Hollow; cuplike; also, full of cups, or small depressions.
2. Characterized by cup shakes; — said of timber.
CUPREOUS
Cu"pre*ous (k"pr-s), a. Etym: [L. cupreus, fr. cuprum.]
Defn: Consisting of copper or resembling copper; coppery.
CUPRIC
Cu"pric (k"prk), a Etym: [From Cuprum.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; — said of those compounds of copper in which this element is present in its lowest proportion.
CUPRIFEROUS
Cu*prif"er*ous (k-prf"r-s), a. Etym: [Cuprum + -ferous.]
Defn: Containing copper; as, cupriferous silver.
CUPRITE
Cu"prite (k"prt), n. (Min.)
Defn: The red oxide of copper; red copper; an important ore of copper, occurring massive and in isometric crystals.
CUPROID
Cu"proid (k"proid), n. Etym: [Cuprum + -oid.]
Defn: (Crystalloq.) A solid related to a tetrahedron, and contained under twelve equal triangles.
CUP-ROSE
Cup"-rose (kp"rz), n.
Defn: Red poppy. See Cop-rose.
CUPROUS
Cu"prous (k"prs), a. Etym: [From Cuprum.] (Chem.)
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper; — said of those compounds of copper in which this element is present in its highest proportion.
CUPRUM
Cu"prum (k"prm), n. Etym: [L.] (Chem.)
Defn: Copper.
CUP SHAKE
Cup shake. (Forestry)
Defn: A shake or fissure between the annual rings of a tree, found oftenest near the roots.
CUPULATE
Cu"pu*late (k"p-lt), a.
Defn: Having or bearing cupeles; cupuliferous.
CUPULE
Cu"pule (k"pl), n. Etym: [See Cupola.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A cuplet or little cup, as the acorn; the husk or bur of the filbert, chestnut, etc.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A sucker or acetabulum.
CUPULIFEROUS Cu`pu*lif"er*ous (k`p-lf"r-s), a. Etym: [Cupule + -ferous: cf. F. cupulif.]
Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants ot which the oak and the chestnut are examples, — trees bearing a smooth, solid nut inclosed in some kind of cup or bur; bearing, or furnished with, a cupule.
CUR Cur (kr), n. Etym: [OE. curre, kur; cf. dial. Sw. kurre dog, OD. korre watchdog, and Icel. kurra to murmur, grumble, Sw. kurra to rumble, croak, Dan. kurre to coo, whirr; prob. of imitative origin.]
1. A mongrel or inferior dog. They . . . like to village curs, Bark when their fellows do. Shak.
2. A worthless, snarling fellow; — used in contempt. What would you have, you curs, That like nor peace nor war Shak.
CURABILITY
Cur`a*bil"i*ty (kr`-bl"-t), n.
Defn: The state of being curable; curableness.
CURABLE
Cur"a*ble (kr"-b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. curable. See Cure, v. t.]
Defn: Capable of being cured; admitting remedy. "Curable diseases."
Harvey.
— Cur"a*ble*ness, n.
— Cur`a*bly, adv.
CURACAO; CURACOA
Cu`ra*çao", Cu`ra*çoa", (k`r-s"), n.
Defn: A liqueur, or cordial, flavored with orange peel, cinnamon, and mace; — first made at the island of Curaçcao.
CURACY
Cu"ra*cy (k"r-s), n.; pl. Curacies (-s. Etym: [See Cure, Curate.]
Defn: The office or employment of a curate.
CURARE; CURARI
Cu*ra"re Cu*ra"ri (k-r"r), n. Etym: [Native name. Cf. Wourall.]
Defn: A black resinoid extract prepared by the South American Indians from the bark of several species of Strychnos (S. toxifera, etc.). It sometimes has little effect when taken internally, but is quickly fatal when introduced into the blood, and used by the Indians as an arrow poison. [Written also urari, woorali, woorari, etc.]
CURARINE
Cu"ra*rine (k"r-rn or k-r"rn; 104), n. (Chem.)
Defn: A deadly alkaloid extracted from the curare poison and from the
Strychnos toxifera. It is obtained in crystalline colorless salts.
CURARIZE
Cu"ra*rize (-rz), v. t.
Defn: To poison with curare.
CURASSOW
Cu*ras"sow (k-rs"s), n. Etym: [Native name in Brazil.] (Zool.)
Defn: A large gallinaceous bird of the American genera Crax, Ourax, etc., of the family Cracidæ.
Note: The crested curassow (Crax alector) is black, and about the size of a small hen-turkey, with an erectile crest of curled feathers. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil. The galeated curassow or cushew bird (Ourax Pauxi) is similar in size, and has a large, hollow, blue, pear-shaped protuberance on the head.
CURAT
Cu"rat (k"rt), n. Etym: [SeeCuirass.]
Defn: A cuirass or breastplate. [Obs.] Spenser.
CURATE Cu"rate (k"rt), n. Etym: [LL. curatus, prop., one who is charged with the care (L. cura) of souls. See Cure, n., and cf. Cur]
Defn: One who has the cure souls; originally, any clergyman, but now usually limited to one who assist a rector or vicar Hook. All this the good old man performed alone, He spared no pains, for curate he had none. Dryden.
CURATESHIP
Cu"rate*ship, n.
Defn: A curacy.
CURATION
Cu*ra"tion (k-r"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. OF.curacion.]
Defn: Cure; healing. [Obs.] Chaucer.
CURATIVE
Cur"a*tive (kr"-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F.curatif. See Cure, v. t.]
Defn: Relating to, or employed in, the cure of diseases; tending to cure. Arbuthnot.
CURATOR Cu*ra"tor (k-r"tr). n. Etym: [L., fr. curare to take care of, fr. cura care.]
1. One who has the care and superintendence of anything, as of a museum; a custodian; a keeper.
2. One appointed to act as guardian of the estate of a person not legally competent to manage it, or of an absentee; a trustee; a guardian.
CURATORSHIP
Cu*ra"tor*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a curator.
CURATRIX
Cu*ra"trix (-trks), n. Etym: [L.]
1. A woman who cures.
2. A woman who is a guardian or custodian. Burrill.
CURB
Curb (krb), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curbed (krbd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Curbing.] Etym: [F. courber to bend, curve, L.curvare, fr. curvus
bent, curved; cf. Gr. Curve.]
1. To bend or curve [Obs.] Crooked and curbed lines. Holland.
2. To guide and manage, or restrain, as with a curb; to bend to one's will; to subject; to subdue; to restrain; to confine; to keep in check. Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed. Milton. Where pinching want must curbthy warm desires. Prior.
3. To furnish wich a curb, as a well; also, to restrain by a curb, as a bank of earth.
CURB
Curb, v. i.
Defn: To bend; to crouch; to cringe. [Obs.] Virtue itself of vice must pardon beg, Yea, curb and woo for leave to do him good. Shak.
CURB
Curb, n.
1. That which curbs, restrains, or subdues; a check or hindbrance; esp., a chain or strap attached to the upper part of the branches of a bit, and capable of being drawn tightly against the lower jaw of the horse. He that before ran in the pastures wild Felt the stiff curb control his angry jaws. Drayton. By these men, religion,that should be The curb, is made the spur of tyranny. Denham.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: An assemblage of three or more pieces of timber, or a metal member, forming a frame around an opening, and serving to maintain the integrity of that opening; also, a ring of stone serving a similar purpose, as at the eye of a dome.
3. A frame or wall round the mouth of a well; also, a frame within a well to prevent the earth caving in.
4. A curbstone.
5. (Far.)
Defn: A swelling on the back part of the hind leg of a horse, just
behind the lowest part of the hock joint, generally causing lameness.
James Law. Curb bit, a stiff bit having branches by which a leverage
is obtained upon the jaws of horse. Knight.
— Curb pins (Horology), the pins on the regulator which restrain
the hairspring.
— Curb plate (Arch.), a plate serving the purpose of a curb.
— Deck curb. See under Deck.
CURBLESS
Curb"less, a.
Defn: Having no curb or restraint.
CURB ROOF
Curb" roof` (rf`).
Defn: A roof having a double slope, or composed, on each side, of two parts which have unequal inclination; a gambrel roof.
CURBSTONE
Curb"stone` (krb"stn`), n.
Defn: A stone Curbstone broker.See under Broker.
CURCH
Curch (krch), n.
Defn: See Courche.
CURCULIO Cur*cu"li*o (kr-r"l-), n.; pl. Curculios (-. Etym: [L., a grain weevil.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of a large group of beetles (Rhynchophora) of many genera; — called also weevils, snout beetles, billbeetles, and billbugs. Many of the species are very destructive, as the plum curculio, the corn, grain, and rice weevils, etc.
CURCULIONIDOUS
Cur`cu*li*on"i*dous (kr`-k-l-n"-ds), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the Curculionideæ, or weevil tribe.
CURCUMA Cur"cu*ma (kr"k-m), n. Etym: [Cf. F., It., & Sp. curcuma; all fr. Ar. kurkum. Cf. Turmeric.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants of the order Scitamineæ, including the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa). Curcuma paper. (Chem.) See Turmeric paper, under Turmeric.
CURCUMIN
Cur"cu*min (-mn), n. (Chem.)
Defn: The coloring principle of turmeric, or curcuma root, extracted as an orange yellow crystalline substance, C14H14O4, with a green fluorescence.
Note: It possesses acid properties and with alkalies forms brownish salts. This change in color from yellow to brown is the characteristic reaction of tumeric paper. See Turmeric paper, under Turmeric.
CURD Curd (krd), n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. gruth, Ir, gruth, cruth, curd, cruthaim I milk.] [Sometimes written crud.]
1. The coagulated or thickened part of milk, as distingushed from the whey, or watery part. It is eaten as food, especially when made into cheese. Curds and cream, the flower of country fare. Dryden.
2. The coagulated part of any liquid.
3. The edible flower head of certain brassicaceous plants, as the broccoli and cauliflower. Broccoli should be cut while the curd, as the flowering mass is termed, is entire. R. Thompson. Cauliflowers should be cut for use while the head, or curd, is still close and compact. F. Burr.
CURD
Curd (krd), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curded;p. pr. &* vb. n. Curding.]
Defn: To cause to coagulate or thicken; to cause to congeal; to
curdle.
Does it curd thy blood To say I am thy mother Shak.
CURD
Curd, v. i.
Defn: To become coagulated or thickened; to separate into curds and whey Shak.
CURDINESS
Curd"i*ness (—ns), n.
Defn: The state of being curdy.
CURDLE Cur"dle (kr"d'l), v. i. Etym: [From Curd.] [Sometimes written crudle and cruddle.]
1. To change into curd; to coagulate; as, rennet causes milk to curdle. Thomson.
2. To thicken; to congeal. Then Mary could feel her heart's blood curdle cold. Southey.
CURDLE Cur"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Curdled (-d'ld); p.pr. & vb. n. Curdling (-dlng).]
1. To change into curd; to cause to coagulate. "To curdle whites of eggs" Boyle.
2. To congeal or thicken. My chill blood is curdled in my veins. Dryden.
CURDLESS
Curd"less (krd"ls), a.
Defn: Destitute of curd.
CURDY
Curd"y (krd"), a.
Defn: Like curd; full of curd; coagulated. "A curdy mass." Arbuthnot.
CURE Cure (k, n. Etym: [OF, cure care, F., also, cure, healing, cure of souls, L. cura care, medical attendance, cure; perh. akin to cavere to pay heed, E. cution. Cure is not related to care.]
1. Care, heed, or attention. [Obs.] Of study took he most cure and most heed. Chaucer. Vicarages of greatcure, but small value. Fuller.
2. Spiritual charge; care of soul; the office of a parish priest or of a curate; hence, that which is committed to the charge of a parish priest or of a curate; a curacy; as, to resign a cure; to obtain a cure. The appropriator was the incumbent parson, and had the cure of the souls of the parishioners. Spelman.
3. Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; a method of medical treatment; as, to use the water cure.
4. Act of healing or state of being healed; restoration to health from disease, or to soundness after injury. Past hope! pastcure! past help. Shak. I do cures to-day and to-morrow. Luke xii. 32.
5. Means of the removal of disease or evil; that which heals; a
remedy; a restorative.
Cold, hunger, prisons, ills without a cure. Dryden.
The proper cure of such prejudices. Bp. Hurd.
CURE
Cure, v. t. [imp.& p.p. Cured (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Curing.] Etym:
[OF. curer to take care, to heal, F., only, to cleanse, L. curare to
take care, to heal, fr. cura. See Cure,.]
1. To heal; to restore to health, soundness, or sanity; to make well; — said of a patient. The child was cured from that very hour. Matt. xvii. 18.
2. To subdue or remove by remedial means; to remedy; to remove; to heal; — said of a malady. To cure this deadly grief. Shak. Then he called his twelve disciples together, and gave them power . . . to cure diseases. Luke ix. 1.