Chapter Chap"ter, v. t (part 5)

CONSIGNEE
Con`sign*ee", n. Etym: [F. consign, p.p. of consigner.]

Defn: The person to whom goods or other things are consigned; a factor; — correlative to consignor. Consigner and consignee are used by merchants to express generally the shipper of merchandise, and the person to whom it is addressed, by bill of lading or otherwise. De Colange.

CONSIGNER
Con*sign"er, n.

Defn: One who consigns. See Consignor.

CONSIGNIFICANT
Con`sig*nif"i*cant, a.

Defn: Having joint or equal signification; synonymous. [R.] Spelman.

CONSIGNIFICATION
Con*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: Joint signification. [R.]

CONSIGNIFICATIVE
Con`sig*nif"i*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Consignificant; jointly significate. [R.]

CONSIGNIFY
Con*sig"ni*fy, v. t. Etym: [Pref. con- + sognify.]

Defn: To signify or denote in combination with something else. The cipher . . . only serves to connote and consignify, and to change the value or the figures. Horne Tooke.

CONSIGNMENT
Con*sign"ment, n.

1. The act of consigning; consignation.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The act of consigning or sending property to an agent or correspondent in another place, as for care, sale, etc.

3. (Com.)

Defn: That which is consigned; the goods or commodities sent or addressed to a consignee at one time or by one conveyance. To increase your consignments of this valuable branch of national commerce. Burke.

4. The writing by which anything is consigned.

CONSIGNOR
Con*sign"or ( or , n.

Defn: One who consigns something to another; — opposed to consignee.
[Written also consigner.]

CONSILIENCE
Con*sil"i*ence, n. Etym: [con- + salire to leap.]

Defn: Act of concurring; coincidence; concurrence.
The consilience of inductions takes place when one class of facts
coincides with an induction obtained from another different class.
Whewell.

CONSIMILITUDE; CONSIMILITY
Con`si*mil"i*tude, Con`si*mil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. consimilitude.
See Similitude.]

Defn: Common resemblance. [Obs.] Aubrey.

CONSIST
Con*sist", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consisted; p.pr. & vb.n. Consisting.]
Etym: [L. consistere to stand still or firm; con- + sistere to stand,
cause to stand, stare to stand: cf. F. consister. See Stand.]

1. To stand firm; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection; to hold together; to be; to exist; to subsist; to be supported and maintained. He is before all things, and by him all things consist. Col. i. 17.

2. To be composed or made up; — followed by of. The land would consist of plains and valleys. T. Burnet.

3. To have as its substance or character, or as its foundation; to be; — followed by in. If their purgation did consist in words. Shak. A man's life consisteth not in the abudance of the things which he possesseth. Luke xii. 15.

4. To be cosistent or harmonious; to be in accordance; — formerly used absolutely, now followed by with. This was a consisting story. Bp. Burnet. Health consists with temperance alone. Pope. For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton.

5. To insist; — followed by on. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — To Consist, Consist of, Consist in. The verb consist is employed chiefly for two purposes, which are marked and distinguished by the prepositions used. When we wish to indicate the parts which unite to compose a thing, we use of; as when we say, "Macaulay's Miscellanies consist chiefly of articles which were first published in the Edinburgh Review." When we wish to indicate the true nature of a thing, or that on which it depends, we use in; as, "There are some artists whose skill consists in a certain manner which they have affected." "Our safety consists in a strict adherence to duty."

CONSISTENCE; CONSISTENCY
Con*sist"ence, Con*sist"en*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. consistance.]

1. The condition of standing or adhering together, or being fixed in union, as the parts of a body; existence; firmness; coherence; solidity. Water, being divided, maketh many circles, till it restore itself to the natural consistence. Bacon. We are as water, weak, and of no consistence. Jer. Taylor. The same form, substance, and consistency. T. Burned.

2. A degree of firmness, density, or spissitude. Let the expressed juices be boiled into the consistence of a sirup. Arbuthnot.

3. That which stands together as a united whole; a combination. The church of God, as meaning whole consistence of orders and members. Milton.

4. Firmness of constitution or character; substantiality; durability; persistency. His friendship is of a noble make and a lasting consistency. South.

5. Agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times; the harmony of conduct with profession; congruity; correspondence; as, the consistency of laws, regulations, or judicial decisions; consistency of opinions; consistency of conduct or of character. That consistency of behavior whereby he inflexibly pursues those measures which appear the most just. Addison. Consistency, thou art a jewel. Popular Saying.

CONSISTENT
Con*sist"ent, a. Etym: [L. consistens, p.pr.: cf. F. consistant.]

1. Possessing firmness or fixedness; firm; hard; solid. The humoral and consistent parts of the body. Harvey.

2. Having agreement with itself or with something else; having harmony among its parts; possesing unity; accordant; harmonious; congruous; compatible; uniform; not contradictory. Show me one that has it in his power To act consistent with himself an hour. Pope. With reference to such a lord, to serve and to be free are terms not consistent only, but equivalent. South.

3. Living or acting in conformity with one's belief or professions. It was utterly to be at once a consistent Quaker and a conspirator. Macaulay.

CONSISTENTLY
Con*sist"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consistent manner.

CONSISTORIAL
Con`sis*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consistorial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a consistory. "Consistorial laws." Hooker.
"Consistorial courts." Bp. Hoadley.

CONSISTORIAN
Con`sis*to"rian, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a Presbyterian consistory; — a contemptuous term
of 17th century controversy.
You fall next on the consistorian schismatics; for so you call
Presbyterians. Milton.

CONSISTORY Con*sis"to*ry ( or ; 277) n.; pl. Consistories. Etym: [L. consistorium a place of assembly, the place where the emperor's council met, fr. consistere: cf. F. consistoire, It. consistorio. See Consist.]

1. Primarily, a place of standing or staying together; hence, any solemn assembly or council. To council summons all his mighty peers, Within thick clouds and dark tenfold involved, A gloomy consistory. Milton.

2. (Eng. Ch.)

Defn: The spiritual court of a diocesan bishop held before his chancellor or commissioner in his cathedral church or elsewhere. Hook.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: An assembly of prelates; a session of the college of cardinals
at Rome.
Pius was then hearing of causes in consistory. Bacon.

4. A church tribunal or governing body.

Note: In some churches, as the Dutch Reformed in America, a consistory is composed of the minister and elders of an individual church, corresponding to a Presbyterian church session, and in others, as the Reformed church in France, it is composed of ministers and elders, corresponding to a presbytery. In some Lutheran countries it is a body of clerical and lay officers appointed by the sovereign to superintend ecclesiastical affairs.

5. A civil court of justice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CONSISTORY
Con*sis"to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, a consistory. "To hold consistory session." Strype.

CONSOCIATE Con*so"ci*ate, n. Etym: [L. nsociatus, p.p. of consociare to associate, unite; con- + sociare to join, unite. See Social.]

Defn: An associate; an accomplice. [Archaic] "Wicked consociates."
Bp. Hall.

CONSOCIATE
Con*so"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consociated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Consociating.]

1. To bring into alliance, confederacy, or relationship; to bring together; to join; to unite. [R.] Join pole to pole, consociate severed worlds. Mallet.

2. To unite in an ecclesiastical consociation. [U.S.]

CONSOCIATE
Con*so"ci*ate, v. i.

1. To be allied, confederated, or associated; to coalescence. [R.] Bentley.

2. To form an ecclesiastical consociation. [U.S.]

CONSOCIATION
Con*so`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. consociatio.]

1. Intimate union; fellowship; alliance; companionship; confederation; association; intimacy. A friendly consociation with your kindred elements. Warburton.

2. A voluntary and permanent council or union of neighboring Congregational churches, for mutual advice and co

Note: In Connecticut some of the Congregational churhes are associated in consociations and the others in conferences.

CONSOCIATIONAL
Con*so`ci*a"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a consociation. [U.S.]

CONSOL
Con*sol", n.

Defn: A consolidated annuity (see Consols); — chiefly in combination or attributively.

CONSOLABLE
Con*sol"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. consolabilis: cf. F. consolable.]

Defn: Capable of receiving consolation.

CONSOLATE
Con"so*late, v. t. Etym: [L. consolatus, p.p. See Console, v. t.]

Defn: To console; to comfort. [Obs.] Shak.

CONSOLATION
Con`so*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. consolatio: cf. F. consolation.]

Defn: The act of consoling; the state of being consoled; allevation of misery or distress of mind; refreshment of spirit; comfort; that which consoles or comforts the spirit. Against such cruelties With inward consolations recompensed. Milton. Are the consolations of God small with thee Job xv. 11.

Syn.
— Comfort; solace; allevation. See Comfort.

CONSOLATION GAME; CONSOLATION MATCH; CONSOLATION POT; CONSOLATION
RACE
Con`so*la"tion game, match, pot, race, etc.

Defn: A game, match, etc., open only to losers in early stages of contests.

CONSOLATO DEL MARE
Con`so*la"to del ma"re. Etym: [It., the consulate of the sea.]

Defn: A collection of maritime laws of disputed origin, supposed to have been first published at Barcelona early in the 14th century. It has formed the basis of most of the subsequent collections of maritime laws. Kent. Bouvier.

CONSOLATOR
Con"so*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who consoles or comforts. Johnson.

CONSOLATORY
Con*sol"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. consolatorius.]

Defn: Of a consoling or comforting nature. The punishment of tyrants is a noble and awful act of justice; and it has with truth been said to be consolatory to the human mind. Burke.

CONSOLATORY
Con*sol"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: That which consoles; a speech or writing intended for consolation. [R.] Milton.

CONSOLE
Con*sole", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consoled; p.pr. & vb.n. Consoling.]
Etym: [L. consolari,. p.p. consolatus; con- + solari to console,
comfort: cf. F. consoler. See Solace.]

Defn: To cheer in distress or depression; to alleviate the grief and raise the spirits of; to relieve; to comfort; to soothe. And empty heads console with empty sound. Pope. I am much consoled by the reflection that the religion of Christ has been attacked in vain by all the wits and philosophers, and its triumph has been complete. P. Henry.

Syn.
— To comfort; solace; soothe; cheer; sustain; encourage; support.
See Comfort.

CONSOLE Con"sole, n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.) (a) A bracket whose projection is not more than half its height. (b) Any small bracket; also, a console table. Console table, a table whose top is supported by two or more consoles instead of legs.

CONSOLER
Con*sol"er, n.

Defn: One who gives consolation.

CONSOLIDANT
Con*sol"i*dant, a. Etym: [L. consolidans, p.pr. of consolidare: cf.
F. consolidant.]

Defn: Serving to unite or consolidate; having the quality of consolidating or making firm.

CONSOLIDATE Con*sol"i*date, a. Etym: [L. consolidatus, p.pr. of consolidare to make firm; con- + solidare to make firm; solidus solid. See Solid, and cf. Consound.]

Defn: Formed into a solid mass; made firm; consolidated. [R.] A gentleman [should learn to ride] while he is tender and the brawns and sinews of his thighs not fully consolidate. Elyot.

CONSOLIDATE
Con*sol"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consolidated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Consolidating.]

1. To make solid; to unite or press together into a compact mass; to harden or make dense and firm. He fixed and consolidated the earth. T. Burnet.

2. To unite, as various particulars, into one mass or body; to bring together in close union; to combine; as, to consolidate the armies of the republic. Consolidating numbers into unity. Wordsworth.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: To unite by means of applications, as the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a wound. [R.]

Syn.
— To unite; combine; harden; compact; condense; compress.

CONSOLIDATE
Con*sol"i*date, v. i.

Defn: To grow firm and hard; to unite and become solid; as, moist clay consolidates by drying. In hurts and ulcers of the head, dryness maketh them more apt to consolidate. Bacon.

CONSOLIDATED
Con*sol"i*da`ted, p.p. & a.

1. Made solid, hard, or compact; united; joined; solidified. The Aggregate Fund . . . consisted of a great variety of taxes and surpluses of taxes and duties which were [in 1715] consolidated. Rees. A mass of partially consolidated mud. Tyndall.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a small surface in proportion to bulk, as in the cactus. Consolidated plants are evidently adapted and designed for very dry regions; in such only they are found. Gray. The Consolidated Fund, a British fund formed by consolidating (in 1787) three public funds (the Aggregate Fund, the General Fund, and the South Sea Fund). In 1816, the larger part of the revenues of Great Britian and Ireland was assigned to what has been known as the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom, out of which are paid the interest of the national debt, the salaries of the civil list, etc.

CONSOLIDATION Con*sol`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. consolidatio a confirming: cf. F. consolidation.]

1. The act or process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of being consolidated; solidification; combination. The consolidation of the marble and of the stone did not fall out at random. Woodward. The consolidation of the great European monarchies. Hallam.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: To organic cohesion of different circled in a flower; adnation.

3. (Law)

Defn: The combination of several actions into one.

CONSOLIDATIVE
Con*sol"i*da*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consolidatif.]

Defn: Tending or having power to consolidate; healing.

CONSOLING
Con*sol"ing, a.

Defn: Adapted to console or comfort; cheering; as, this is consoling news.

CONSOLS Con"sols ( or , n. pl. Etym: [A contraction of consolidated (annuities).]

Defn: The leading British funded government security.

Note: A considerable part of the public debt of Great Britian, which had been contracted in the form of annuities yielding various rates of interest, was, in 1757, consolidated into one fund at 3 per cent interest, the account of which is kept at the Bank of England. This debt has been diminished and increased at different times, and now constitutes somewhat more than half of the entire national debt. The stocks are transferable, and Their value in the market constantly fluctuates; the price at any time being regarded as a gauge of the national prosperity and public confidence.

CONSOMME
Con`som`me, n. Etym: [F., lit. p.p. of consommer to finish.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A clear soup or bouillion boiled down so as to be very rich.

CONSONANCE; CONSONANCY Con"so*nance, Con"so*nan*cy, n. Etym: [L. consonantia: cf. F. consonnance.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: Accord or agreement of sounds produced simultaneously, as a note with its third, fifth, and eighth.

2. Agreement or congruity; harmony; accord; consistency;
suitableness.
The perfect consonancy of our persecuted church to the doctrines of
Scripture and antiquity. Hammond.
The optic nerve responds to the waves with which it is in consonance.
Tyndall.

3. Friendship; concord. [Obs.] By the consonancy of our youth. Shak.

Syn. — Agreement; accord; consistency; unison; harmony; congruity; suitableness; agreeableness.

CONSONANT Con"so*nant, a. Etym: [L. consonans, -antis; p.pr. of consonare to sound at the same time, agree; con- + sonare to sound: cf. F. consonnant. See Sound to make a noise.]

1. Having agreement; congruous; consistent; according; — usually followed by with or to. Each one pretends that his opinion . . . is consonant to the words there used. Bp. Beveridge. That where much is given shall be much required is a thing consonant with natural equity. Dr. H. More.

2. Having like sounds. Consonant words and syllables. Howell.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: harmonizing together; accordant; as, consonant tones, consonant chords.

4. Of or pertaining to consonants; made up of, or containing many, consonants. No Russian whose dissonant consonant name Almost shatters to fragments the trumpet of fame. T. Moore.

CONSONANT
Con"so*nant, n. Etym: [L. consonans, -antis.]

Defn: An articulate sound which in utterance is usually combined and sounded with an open sound called a vowel; a member of the spoken alphabet other than a vowel; also, a letter or character representing such a sound.

Note: Consonants are divided into various classes, as mutes, spirants, sibilants, nasals, semivowels, etc. All of them are sounds uttered through a closer position of the organs than that of a vowel proper, although the most open of them, as the semivowels and nasals, are capable of being used as if vowels, and forming syllables with other closer consonants, as in the English feeble (taken (

Note: "A consonant is the result of audible friction, squeezing, or stopping of the breath in some part of the mouth (or occasionally of the throath.) The main distinction between vowels and consonants is, that while in the former the mouth configuration merely modifies the vocalized breath, which is therefore an essential element of the vowels, in consonants the narrowing or stopping of the oral passage is the foundation of the sound, and the state of the glottis is something secondary." H. Sweet.

CONSONANTAL
Con`so*nan"tal

Defn: ,

CONSONANTIZE
Con"so*nant*ize, v. t.

Defn: To change into, or use as, a consonant. "The vowel is consonantized, that is, made closer in position." Peile.

CONSONANTLY
Con"so*nant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consonant, consistent, or congruous manner; agreeably.

CONSONANTNESS
Con"so*nant*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being consonant, agreeable, or consistent.

CONSONOUS
Con"so*nous, a. Etym: [L. consonus. See Consonant.]

Defn: Agreeing in sound; symphonious.

CONSOPIATION
Con*so`pi*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of sleeping, or of lulling, to sleep. [Obs.] Pope.

CONSOPITE
Con"so*pite, a. Etym: [L. consopitus, p.p. of consopire.]

Defn: Lulled to sleep. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

CONSOPITE
Con"so*pite, v. t.

Defn: To lull to sleep; to quiet; to compose. [Obs.] The operation of the masculine faculties of the soul were, for a while, well slacked and consopited. Dr. H. More.

CONSORT Con"sort, n. Etym: [L. consore, -sortis; con- + sors lot, fate, share. See Sort.]

1. One who shares the lot of another; a companion; a partner; especially, a wife or husband. Milton. He single chose to live, and shunned to wed, Well pleased to want a consort of his bed. Dryden. The consort of the queen has passed from this troubled sphere. Thakeray. The snow-white gander, invariably accompanied by his darker consort. Darwin.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A ship keeping company with another.

3. Concurrence; conjunction; combination; association; union. "By Heaven's consort." Fuller. "Working in consort." Hare. Take it singly, and is carries an air of levity; but, in consort with the rest, has a meaning quite different. Atterbury.

4. Etym: [LL. consortium.]

Defn: An assembly or association of persons; a company; a group; a
combination. [Obs.]
In one consort there sat Cruel revenge and rancorious despite,
Disloyal treason, and heart-burning hate. Spenser.
Lord, place me in thy consort. Herbert.

5. Etym: [Perh. confused with concert.]

Defn: Harmony of sounds; concert, as of musical instruments. [Obs.]
Milton.
To make a sad consort`; Come, let us join our mournful song with
theirs. Spenser.

Prince consort, the husband of a queen regnant. — Queen consort, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a queen regnant, who rules alone, and a queen dowager, the window of a king.

CONSORT
Con*sort", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consorted; p.pr. & vb.n. Consorting.]

Defn: To unite or to keep company; to associate; — used with with.
Which of the Grecian chiefs consorts with thee Dryden.

CONSORT
Con*sort", v. t.

1. To unite or join, as in affection, harmony, company, marriage,
etc.; to associate.
He with his consorted Eve. Milton.
For all that pleasing is to living ears Was there consorted in one
harmony. Spenser.
He begins to consort himself with men. Locke.

2. To attend; to accompany. [Obs.] Thou, wretched boy, that didst consort him here, Shalt with him hence. Shak.

CONSORTABLE
Con*sort"a*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for association or companionship. [Obs.] Sir H.
Wotton.

CONSORTION
Con*sor"tion, n. Etym: [L. consortio.]

Defn: Fellowship; association; companionship. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONSORTSHIP
Con"sort*ship, n.

Defn: The condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership. Hammond.

CONSOUND Con"sound, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. F. consoude, fr L. consolida comfrey (so called because supposed to have healing power); con- + solidus solid, consolidare to make solid. Cf. Comfrey, Consolidate.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name applied loosely to several plants of different genera, esp. the comfrey.

CONSPECIFIC
Con`spe*cif"ic, a.

Defn: Of the same species.

CONSPECTUITY
Con`spec*tu"i*ty, n.; pl. Conspectuities.

Defn: The faculty of seeing; sight; eye.

Note: [A word of Menenius's making. Coriolanus ii. 1] Shak.

CONSPECTUS
Con*spec"tus, n.

Defn: A general sketch or outline of a subject; a synopsis; an epitome.

CONSPERSION
Con*sper"sion, n. Etym: [L. conspersio, fr. conspergere to sprinkle.]

Defn: The act of sprinkling. [Obs.]
The conspersion washing the doorposts. Jer. Taylor.

CONSPICUITY
Con`spi*cu"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being clear or bright; brightness; conspicuosness. [R.] Chapman.

CONSPICUOUS Con*spic"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. conspicuus, fr. conspicere to get sight of, to perceive; con- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy]

1. Open to the view; obvious to the eye; easy to be seen; plainly visible; manifest; attracting the eye. It was a rock Of alabaster, piled up to the clouds, Conspicious far. Milton. Conspicious by her veil and hood, Signing the cross, the abbess stood. Sir W. Scott.

2. Obvious to the mental eye; easily recognized; clearly defined; notable; prominent; eminent; distinguished; as, a conspicuous exellence, or fault. A man who holds a conspicuous place in the political, eccesiastical, and literary history of England. Macaulay.

Syn.
— Distinguished; eminent; famous; illustrious; prominent;
celebrated. See Distinguished.
— Con*spic"u*ous*ly, adv.
— Con*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

CONSPIRACY
Con*spir"a*cy, n.; pl. Conspiracies. Etym: [See Conspiration.]

1. A combination of men for an evil purpose; as agreement, between two or more persons, to commit a crime in concert, as treason; a plot. When shapen was all his conspiracy From point to point. Chaucer. They made a conspiracy against [Amaziah]. 2 Kings xiv. 19. I had forgot that foul conspiracy Of the beast Caliban and his confederates. Shak.

2. A concurence or general tendency, as of circumstances, to one event, as if by agreement. A conspiracy in all heavenly and earthly things. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Law)

Defn: An agreement, manifesting itself in words or deeds, by which two or more persons confederate to do an unlawful act, or to use unlawful to do an act which is lawful; confederacy.

Syn.
— Combination; plot; cabal.

CONSPIRANT Con*spir"ant, a. Etym: [L. conspirans, p.pr. of conspirare: cf. F. conspirant.]

Defn: Engaging in a plot to commit a crime; conspiring. [Obs.] Shak.

CONSPIRATION
Con`spi*ra"tion, n. Etym: [F. conspiration, L. conspiratio.]

Defn: Agreement or concurrence for some end or purpose; conspiracy. [R.] As soon as it was day, certain Jews made a conspiration. Udall. In our natural body every part has a nacassary sympathy with every other, and all together form, by their harmonious onspiration, a healthy whole. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONSPIRATOR
Con*spir"a*tor, n.

Defn: One who engages in a conspiracy; a plotter. 2 Sam. xv. 31.

CONSPIRE
Con*spire", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Conspired; p.pr. & vb.n. Conspiring.]
Etym: [F. conspirer, L. onspirare to blow together, harmonize, agree,
plot; con- + spirare to breathe, blow. See Spirit.]

1. To make an agreement, esp. a secret agreement, to do some act, as to commit treason or a crime, or to do some unlawful deed; to plot together. They conspired against [Joseph] to slay him. Gen. xxxvii. 18. You have conspired against our royal person, Joined with an enemy proclaimed. Shak.

2. To concur to one end; to agree. The press, the pulpit, and the stage Conspire to censure and expose our age. Roscommon.

Syn.
— To unite; concur; complot; confederate; league.

CONSPIRE
Con*spire", v. t.

Defn: To plot; to plan; to combine for.
Angry clouds conspire your overthrow. Bp. Hall.

CONSPIRER
Con*spir"er, n.

Defn: One who conspires; a conspirator.

CONSPIRINGLY
Con*spir"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a conspirator; by conspiracy. Milton.

CONSPISSATION Con`spis*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. conspissatio, fr. onspissare to make thick.]

Defn: A making thick or viscous; thickness; inspissation. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

CONSPURCATE
Con*spur"cate, v. t. Etym: [L. conspurcatus, p.p. of conspurcare.]

Defn: To pollute; to defile. [Obs.] Cockeram.

CONSPURCATION
Con`spur*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. conspurcare, -spuratum, to defile.]

Defn: This act of defiling; defilement; pollution. Bp. Hall.

CONSTABLE Con"sta*ble, n. Etym: [OE. conestable, constable, a constable (in sense 1), OF. conestable, F. conn, LL. conestabulus, constabularius, comes stabuli, orig., count of the stable, master of the horse, equerry; comes ount (L. ompanion) + L. stabulum stable. See Count a nobleman, and Stable.]

1. A high officer in the monarhical establishments of the Middle Ages.

Note: The constable of France was the first officer of the crown, and had the chief ommand of the army. It was also his duty to regulate all matters of chivalry. The office was suppressed in 1627. The constable, or lord high constable, of England, was one of the highest officers of the crown, commander in chief of the forces, and keeper of the peace of the nation. He also judicial cognizance of many important matters. The office was as early as the Conquest, but has been disused (except on great and solemn occasions), since the attainder of Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in the reign of Henry VIII.

2. (Law)

Defn: An officer of the peace having power as a conservator of the public peace, and bound to exeute the warrants of judicial offiers. Bouvier.

Note: In England, at the present time, the constable is a conservator of the peace within his district, and is also charged by various statutes with other duties, such as serving summons, precepts, warrants, etc. In the United States, constables are town or its officers of the peace, with powers similar to those of the constables of England. In addition to their duties as conservators of the peace, they are invested with others by statute, such as to execute civil as well as criminal process in certain cases, to attend courts, keep juries, etc. In some cities, there are officers called high constables, who act as shiefs of the constabulary or police force. In other cities the title of constable, as well as the office, is merged in that of the polie officer. High constable, a constable having certain duties and powers within a hundred. [Eng.] — Petty constable, a conservator of the peace within a parish or tithing; a tithingman. [Eng.] — Special constable, a person appointed to act as constable of special occasions. — To overrun, or outrun, the constable, the spend more than one's income; to get into debt. [Colloq.] Smollett.

CONSTABLERY
Con"sta*bler*y ( or , n. Etym: [OF. conestablerie. Cf. Constabulary.]

1. The constabulary. [Obs.]

2. The distrit or jurisdiction of a constable. [Obs.]

CONSTABLESHIP
Con"sta*bleship, n.

Defn: The office or functions of a constable.

CONSTABLESS
Con"sta*bless, n.

Defn: The wife of a constable. [Obs.]

CONSTABLEWICK
Con"sta*ble*wick`, n. Etym: [Constable + wick a village]

Defn: The district to which a constable's power is limited. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.

CONSTABULARY
Con*stab"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [LL. constabularius an equerry. See
Constable.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to constables; consisting of constables.

CONSTABULARY
Con*stab"u*la*ry, n.

Defn: The collective body of constables in any town, district, or country.

CONSTABULATORY
Con*stab"u*la*to*ry, n.

Defn: A constabulary. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

CONSTANCY
Con"stan*cy, n. Etym: [L. constantia: cf. F. constance. See
Constant.]

1. The state or quality of being constant or steadfast; freedom from hange; stability; fixedness; immutabilitu; asm the constancy of God in his nature and attributes.

2. Fixedness or firmness of mind; persevering resolution; especially, firmness of mind under sufferings, steadiness in attashments, or perseverance in enterprise; stability; fidelity. A fellow of plain unoined constancy. Shak. Constancy and contempt of danger. Prescott.

Syn. — Fixedness; stability; firmness; steadiness; permanence; steadfastness; resolution. See Firmness.

CONSTANT
Con"stant, a. Etym: [L. onstans, -antis, p.pr. of constare to stand
firm, to be consistent; con- + stare to stand: cf.F. constant. See
Stand and f. Cost, v. t.]

1. Firm; solid; fixed; immovable; — opposed to fluid. [Obs.] If . . . you mix them, you may turn these two fluid liquors into a constant body. Boyle.

2. Not liable, or given, to change; permanent; regular; continuous; continually recurring; steadfast; faithful; not fickle. Both loving one fair maid, they yet remained constant friends. Sir P. Sidney. I am constant to my purposes. Shak. His gifts, his constant ourtship, nothing gained. Dryden. Onward the constant current sweeps. Longfellow.

3. (Math. & Physics)

Defn: Remaining unchanged or invariable, as a quantity, forc, law, etc.

4. Consistent; logical. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. — Fixed; steadfast; unchanging; permanent; unalterable; immutable; perpetual; continual; resolute; firm; unshaken; determined. — Constant, Continual, Perpetual. These words are sometimes used in an absolute and sometimes in a qualified sense. Constant denotes, in its absolute sense, unchangeably fixed; as, a constant mind or purpose. In its qualified sense, it marks something as a "standing" fact or occurence; as, liable to constant interruptions; constantly called for. Continual, in its absolute sense, coincides with continuous. See Continuous. In its qualified sense, it describes, a thing as occuring in steady and rapid succession; as, a round of continual calls; continually changing. Perpetual denotes, in its absolute sense, what literally never ceases or comes to an end; as, perpetual motion. In its qualified sense, it is used hyperbolically, and denotes that which rarely ceases; as, perpetual disturbance; perpetual noise; perpetual intermeddling.

CONSTANT
Con"stant, n.

1. That which is not subject to change; that which is invariable.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity that does not change its value; — used in countradistinction variable. Absolute costant (Math.), one whose value is absolutely the same under all cirumstanes, as the number 10, or any numeral. — Arbitrary constant, an undetermined constant in a differential equation having the same value during all changes in the values of the variables.

CONSTANTIA
Con*stan"ti*a ( or , n.

Defn: A superior wine, white and red, from Constantia, in Cape
Colony.

CONSTANTLY
Con"stant*ly, adv.

Defn: With constancy; steadily; continually; perseveringly; without
cessation; uniformly.
But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Acts. xii. 15.

CONSTAT
Con"stat, n. Etym: [L., it is evident.] (Law)

Defn: A certificate showing what appears upon record touching a matter in question.

CONSTATE
Con*state", v. t. Etym: [F. constater; L. con- + stare to stand.]

Defn: To ascertain; to verify; to establish; to prove. F. P. Cobbe.

CONSTELLATE Con"stel*late ( or , v. i. Etym: [Pref. con- + L. stellatus, p.p. of stellare to cover with stars, stella star. See Stellate.]

Defn: To join luster; to shine with united radiance, or one general
light. [R.]
The several things which engage our affections . . . shine forth and
constellate in God. Boule.

CONSTELLATE
Con"stel*late, v. t.

1. To unite in one luster or radiane, as stars. [R.] Whe know how to constellate these lights. Boyle.

2. To set or adorn with stars or constellations; as, constellated heavens. J. Barlow.

CONSTELLATION
Con`stel*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. constellation, L. constellatio.]

1. A cluster or group of fixed stars, or dvision of the heavens, designated in most cases by the name of some animal, or of some mythologial personage, within whose imaginary outline, as traced upon the heavens, the group is included. The constellations seem to have been almost purposely named and delineated to cause as much confusion and inconvenience as possible. Sir J. Herschel.

Note: In each of the constellations now recognized by astronomers (about 90 in number) the brightest stars, both named and unnamed are designated nearly in the order of brilliancy by the letters of the Greek alphabet; as,

2. An assemblage of splendors or excellences. The constellations of genius had already begun to show itself . . . which was to shed a glory over the meridian and close of Philip's reign. Prescott.

3. Fortune; fate; destiny. [Obs.] It is constellation, which causeth all that a man doeth. Gower.

CONSTERNATION Con`ster*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. consternatio, fr. consternare to overome, perplex, an accessory form of consternere to trow down, prostrate; con + sternere to spread out, throw down: cf. F. consternation. See Straum.]

Defn: Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for refletion; terror, combined with amaxement; dismay. The chiefs around, In silence wrapped, in onsternation downed. Attend the stern reply. Pope.

Syn. — Alarm; fright; amazement; astonishment; surprise; panic; returbation. See Alarm.

CONSTIPATE
Con"sti*pate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constipated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constipating.] Etym: [L. constipatus, p.p. of constipare; con- +
stipare to crowd together. See Costive.]

1. To crowd or cram into a narrow compass; to press together or condense. [Obs.] Of cold the property is to condense and constipate. Bacon.

2. To stop (a channel) by filling it, and preventing passage through it; as, to constipate the capillary vessels.

3. (Med.)

Defn: To render costive; to cause constipation in.

CONSTIPATION Con`sti*pa"tion, n. Etym: [L. constipatio a crowding together: cf.F. constipation.]

1. Act of crowding anything into a less compass, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation. [Obs.] Fullness of matter, or a pretty close constipation . . . of its particles. Boyle.

2. A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faces; costiveness.

CONSTITUENCY
Con*stit"u*en*cy, n.; pl. Constituencies (.

Defn: A body of constituents, as the body of citizens or voters in a representative district.

CONSTITUENT
Con*stit"u*ent, a. Etym: [L. constituens, -entis, p.pr. See
Constitute.]

1. Serving to form, compose, or make up; elemental; component. Body, soul, and reason are the three parts necessarily constituent of a man. Dryden.

2. Having the power of electing or appointing. A question of right arises between the constituent and representative body. Junius.

CONSTITUENT
Con*stit"u*ent, n.

1. The person or thing which constitutes, determines, or constructs. Their first composure and origination require a higher and nobler constituent than chance. Sir M. Hale

2. That which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential part; a component; an element. We know how to bring these constituents together, and to cause them to form water. Tyndall.

3. One for whom another acts; especially, one who is represented by another in a legislative assembly; — correlative to representative. The electors in the district of a representative in Congress, or in the legislature of a State, are termed his constituents. Abbot. To appeal from the representatives to the constituents. Macaulay.

4. (Law)

Defn: A person who appoints another to act for him as attorney in fact. Burrill.

CONSTITUTE Con"sti*tute, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constituted; p.pr. & vb.n. Constituting.] Etym: [L. constitutus, p.p. of constiture to constitute; con- + statuere to place, set, fr. status station, fr. stare to stand. See Stand.]

1. To cause to stand; to establish; to enact. Laws appointed and constituted by lawful authority. Jer. Taylor.

2. To make up; to compose; to form. Truth and reason constitute that intellectual gold that defies destruction. Johnson.

3. To appoint, depute, or elect to an offie; to make and empower. Me didst Thou constitute a priest of thine. Wordsworth. Constituted authorities, the officers of government, collectively, as of a nation, city, town, etc. Bartlett.

CONSTITUTE
Con"sti*tute, n.

Defn: An established law. [Obs.] T. Preston.

CONSTITUTER
Con"sti*tu`ter, n.

Defn: One who constitutes or appoints.

CONSTITUTION
Con`sti*tu"tion, n. Etym: [F. constitution, L. constitute.]

1. The act or process of constituting; the action of enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment; establishment; formation.

2. The state of being; that form of being, or structure and connection of parts, which constitutes and characterizes a system or body; natural condition; structure; texture; conformation. The physical constitution of the sun. Sir J. Herschel.

3. The agregate of all one's inherited physical qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with refernce to ability to endure hardship, resist disease, etc.; as, a robust constitution. Our constitutions have never been enfeebled by the vices or luxuries of the oid world. Story.

4. The aggregate of mental qualities; temperament. He defended himself with . . . less passion than was expected from his constitution. Clarendon.

5. The fundamental, organic law or principles of government of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in the institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying down fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of affairs. Our constitution had begun to exist in times when statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact definitions. Macaulay.

Note: In England the constitution is unwritten, and may be modified from time to time by act of Parliament. In the United States a constitution cannot ordinarily be modified, exept through such processes as the constitution itself ordains.

6. An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or disipline; as, the constitutions of Justinian. The positive constutions of our own churches. Hooker. A constitution of Valentinian addressed to Olybrius, then prefect of Rome, for the regulation of the conduct of advocates. George Long. Apostolic constitutions. See under Apostolic.

CONSTITUTIONAL
Con`sti*tu"tion*al, a. Etym: [f. F. constitutionnel.]

1. Belonging to, or inherent in, the constitution, or in the structure of body or mind; as, a constitutional infirmity; constitutional ardor or dullness.

2. In accordance with, or authorized by, the constitution of a state or a society; as, constitutional reforms.

3. Regulated by, dependent on, or secured by, a constitution; as, constitutional government; constitutional rights. Hallam.

4. Relating to a constitution, or establishment form of government; as, a constitutional risis. The anient constitutional traditions of the state. Macaulay.

5. For the benefit or one's constitution or health; as, a constitutional walk. [Colloq.] Constitutional law, law that relates to the constitution, as a permanent system of political and juridical government, as distinguished from statutory and common law, which relate to matters subordinate to such constitution.

CONSTITUTIONAL
Con`sti*tu"tion*al, n.

Defn: A walk or other exercise taken for one's health or
constitution. [Colloq.] Thackeray.
The men trudged diurnal constitutionals along the different roads.
Compton Reade.

CONSTITUTIONALISM
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ism, n.

Defn: The theory, principles, or authority of constitutional government; attachment or adherene to a constitution or constitutional government. Carlyle.

CONSTITUTIONALIST
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates a constitutional form of government; a constitutionalist.

CONSTITUTIONALITY Con`sti*tu`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [f. F. constitutionalité.]

1. The quality or state of being constitutional, or inherent in the natural frame.

2. The state of being consistent with the constitution or frame of government, or of being authorized by its provisions. Burke. Constitutionalities, bottomless cavilings and questionings about written laws. Carlyle.

CONSTITUTIONALLY
Con`sti*tu"tion*al*ly, adv.

1. In accordance with the constitution or natural disposition of the mind or body; naturally; as, he was constitutionally timid. The English were constitutionally humane. Hallam.

2. In accordance with the constitution or fundamental law; legally; as, he was not constitutionally appointed. Nothing would indue them to acknowledge that [such] an assembly . . . was constitutionally a Parliament. Macaulay.

CONSTITUTIONIST
Con`sti*tu"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the constitution of the country.
Bolingbroke.

CONSTITUTIVE
Con"sti*tu`tive, a.

1. Tending or assisting to constitute or compose; elemental; essential. An ingredient and constitutive part of every virtue. Barrow.

2. Having power to enact, establish, or create; instituting; determining. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONSTITUTIVELY
Con"sti*tu`tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a constitutive manner.

CONSTRAIN
Con*strain", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constrained; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constraining.] Etym: [OF. constraindre, F. contrainde, L.
constringere; con- + stringere to draw tight. See Strain, and. cf.
Constrict, Conbstringere.]

1. To secure by bonds; to chain; to bond or con
He binds in hains The droway prophet, and his limbs constrains.
Dryden.
When winter frosts constrain the fields with old. Dryden.

2. To bring into a narrow compass; to compress. How the strait stays the slender waist constrain. Gay.

3. To hold back by force; to restrain; to repress. My sire in caves constrains the winds. Dryden.

4. To compel; to force; to necessiate; to oblige. The love of Christ constraineth us. 2. Cor. v. 14. I was constrained to appeal unto CActs xxviii. 19.

5. To violate; to ravish. [Obs.] Shak.

6. To produce in such a manner as to give an unnatural effet; as, a constrained voice.

Syn.
— To compel; force; drive; impel; urge; press.

CONSTRAINABLE Con*strain"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. constraignable, F. contraignable.]

Defn: Capable of being constrained; liable to constraint, or to restraint. Hooker.

CONSTRAINED
Con*strained", a.

Defn: Marked by constraint; not free; not voluntary; embarrassed; as, a constrained manner; a constrained tone.

CONSTRAINEDLY
Con*strain"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: By constraint or compulsion; in a constrained manner. Hooker.

CONSTRAINER
Con*strain"er, n.

Defn: One who constrains.

CONSTRAINT
Con*straint", n. Etym: [OF. constrainte, F. constrainte.]

Defn: The act of constraining, or the state of being constrained;
that which compels to, or restrains from, action; compulsion;
restraint; necessity.
Long imprisonment and hard constraint. Spenser.
Not by constraint, but bDryden.

Syn. — Compulsion; violence; necessity; urgency. — Constraint, Compulsion. Constraint implies strong binding force; as, the constraint of necessity; the constraint of fear. Compulsion implies the exertion of some urgent impelling force; as, driven by compulsion. The former prevents us from acting agreeably to our wishes; the latter forces us to act contrary to our will. Compulsion is always produced by some active agent; a constraint may be laid upon us by the forms of civil society, or by other outward circumstances. Crabb.

CONSTRAINTIVE
Con*straint"ive, a.

Defn: Constraining; compulsory. [R.] "Any constraintive vow." R.
Carew.

CONSTRICT
Con*strict", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constricted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constricting.] Etym: [L. constrictus, p.p. of constringere. See
Constrain.]

Defn: To draw together; to render narrower or smaller; to bind; to cramp; to contract or ause to shrink. Such things as constrict the fibers. Arbuthnot. Membranous organs inclosing a cavity which their contraction constrict. Todd & Bowman.

CONSTRICTED
Con*strict"ed, a.

1. Drawn together; bound; contracted; cramped.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Contracted or compressed so as to be smaller in certain places or parts than in others.

CONSTRICTION
Con*stric"tion, n. Etym: [L. constrictio: cf. F. constriction.]

1. The act of constricting by means of some inherent power or by movement or change in the thing itself, as distinguished from compression.

2. The state of being constricted; the point where a thing is constricted; a narrowing or binding. A constriction of the parts inservient to speech. Grew.

CONSTRICTIVE
Con*strict"ive, a.

Defn: Serving or tending to bind or constrict.

CONSTRICTOR
Con*strict"or, n.

1. That which constricts, draws together, or contracts.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which contracts or closes an orifice, or which compresses an organ; a sphincter.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A serpent that kills its prey by inclosing and crushing it with its folds; as, the boa constrictor.

CONSTRINGE
Con*stringe", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constringed; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constringing.] Etym: [L. constringere. See onstrain.]

Defn: To dawn together; to contract; to force to contract itself; to constrict; to cause to shrink. [R.] Strong liquors . . . intoxicate, constringe, harden the fibers, and coagulate the fluids. Arbuthnot.

CONSTRINGENT
Con*strin"gent, a. Etym: [L. constringens, p.pr.]

Defn: Having the quality of contracting, binding, or compressing.
Thomson.

CONSTRUCT
Con*struct", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Constructed; p.pr. & vb.n.
Constructing.] Etym: [L. constructus, p.p. of construere to bring
together, to construct; con- + struere to pile up, set in order. See
Structure, and cf. Construe.]

1. To put together the constituent parts of (something) in their proper place and order; to build; to form; to make; as, to construct an edlifice.

2. To devise; to invent; to set in order; to arrange; as, to construct a theory of ethics.

Syn. — To build; erect; form; compile; make; fabricate; originate; invent.

CONSTRUCT
Con"struct, a.

Defn: Formed by, or relating to, construction, interpretation, or inference. Construct form or state (Heb. Gram.), that of a noun used before another which has the genitive relation to it.

CONSTRUCTER
Con*struct"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, constructs or frames.

CONSTRUCTION
Con*struc"tion, n. Etym: [L. constructio: cf. F. construction.]

1. The process or art of constructing; the act of building; erection; the act of devising and forming; fabrication; composition.

2. The form or manner of building or putting together the parts of anything; structure; arrangement. An astrolabe of peculiar construction. Whewell.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: The arrangement and connection of words in a sentence;
syntactical arrangement.
Some particles . . . in certain constructions have the sense of a
whole sentence contained in them. Locke.

4. The method of construing, interpreting, or explaining a declaration or fact; an attributed sense or meaning; understanding; explanation; interpretation; sense. Any person . . . might, by the sort of construction that would be put on this act, become liable to the penalties of treason. Hallam. Strictly, the term [construction] signifies determining the meaning and proper effect of language by a consideration of the subject matter and attendant circumstances in connection with the words employed. Abbott. Interpretation properly precedes construction, but it does not go beyond the written text. Parsons. Construction of an equation (Math.), the drawing of such lines and figures as will represent geometrically the quantities in the equation, and their relations to each other. — Construction train (Railroad), a train for transporting men and materials for construction or repairs.

CONSTRUCTIONAL
Con*struc"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or deduced from, construction or interpretation.

CONSTRUCTIONIST
Con*struc"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who puts a certain construction upon some writing or instrument, as the Constitutions of the United States; as, a strict constructionist; a broad constructionist.

CONSTRUCTIVE
Con*struct"ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. constructif.]

1. Having ability to construct or form; employed in construction; as, to exhibit constructive power. The constructive fingers of Watts. Emerson.

2. Derived from, or depending on, construction or interpretation; not directly expressed, but inferred. Constructive crimes (Law), acts having effects analogous to those of some statutory or common law crimes; as, constructive treason. Constructive crimes are no longer recognized by the courts. — Constructive notice, notice imputed by construction of law. — Constructive trust, a trust which may be assumed to exist, though no actual mention of it be made.

CONSTRUCTIVELY
Con*struct"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a constructive manner; by construction or inference. A neutral must have notice of a blockade, either actually by a formal information, or constructively by notice to his government. Kent.

CONSTRUCTIVENESS
Con*struct"ive*ness, n.

1. Tendency or ability to form or construct.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty which enables one to construct, as in mechanical, artistic, or literary matters.

CONSTRUCTOR
Con*struct"or, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. constructor.]

Defn: A constructer.

CONSTRUCTURE
Con*struc"ture, n.

Defn: That which is constructed or formed; an edifice; a fabric.
[Obs.]

CONSTRUE
Con*strue (; Archaic ), v. t. [imp & p. p. Construed; p. pr & vb. n.
Construing.] Etym: [L. construere: cf. F. construire. See Construct.]

1. To apply the rules of syntax to (a sentence or clause) so as to exhibit the structure, arrangement, or connection of, or to discover the sense; to explain the construction of; to interpret; to translate.

2. To put a construction upon; to explain the sense or intention of; to interpret; to understand. Thus we are put to construe and paraphrase our own words to free ourselves either from the ignorance or malice of our enemies. Bp. Stilingfleet. And to be dull was construed to be good. Pope.

CONSTUPRATE
Con"stu*prate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Construprated; p.p. & vb.n.
Constuprating.] Etym: [L. constupratus, p.p. of constuprare to
ravish; con- + stuprare to ravish, stuprum rape.]

Defn: To ravish; to debauch. Burton.

CONSTUPRATION
Con`stu*pra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of ravishing; violation; defilement. Bp. Hall.

CONSUBSTANTIAL Con`sub*stan"tial, a. Etym: [L. consubstantialis; con- + substantialis: cf. F. consubstantiel. See Substantial.]

Defn: Of the same kind or nature; having the same substance or
essence; coessential.
Christ Jesus . . . coeternal and consubstantial with the Father and
with the Holy Ghost. Foxe.

CONSUBSTANTIALISM
Con`sub*stan"tial*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine of consubstantiation.

CONSUBSTANTIALIST
Con`sub*stan"tial*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in consubstantiation. Barrow.

CONSUBSTANTIALITY
Con`sub*stan"ti*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. consubstantialité.]

Defn: Participation of the same nature; coexistence in the same substance. "His [the Son's] . . . consubstantiality with the Father." Hammend.

CONSUBSTANTIALLY
Con`sub*stan"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consubstantial manner; with identity of substance or nature.

CONSUBSTANTIATE Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. t. [imp & p. p. Consubstantiated; p.pr & vb. n. Consubstantiating.]

Defn: To cause to unite, or to regard as united, in one common substance or nature. [R.] His soul must be consubstantiated with reason. Jer. Taylor.

CONSUBSTANTIATE
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To profess or belive the doctrine of consubstantion.
The consubstantiating church and priest. Dryden.

CONSUBSTANTIATE
Con`sub*stan"ti*ate, a.

Defn: Partaking of the same substance; united; consubstantial.
We must love her [the wife] that is thus consubstantiate with us.
Feltham.

CONSUBSTANTIATION
Con`sub*stan`ti*a"tion, n.

1. An identity or union of substance.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: The actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; impanation; — opposed to transubstantiation.

Note: This view, held by Luther himself, was called consubstantiation by non Lutheran writers in contradistinction to transsubstantiation, the Catholic view.

CONSUETUDE
Con"sue*tude (; 144), n. Etym: [L. consuetudo. See Custom.]

Defn: Custom, habit; usage. [R.] To observe this consuetude or law. Barnes .

CONSUETUDINAL
Con`sue*tu"di*nal, a. Etym: [LL. consuetudinalis.]

Defn: According to custom; customary; usual. [R.]

CONSUETUDINARY
Con`sue*tu"di*na"ry, a. Etym: [LL. consuetudinarius.]

Defn: Customary.

CONSUETUDINARY
Con`sue*tu"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Consuetudinaries (.

Defn: A manual or ritual of customary devotional exercises.

CONSUL
Con"sul, n. Etym: [L., prob. fr. consulere to deliberate. See
Consult.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: One of the two chief magistrates of the republic.

Note: They were chosen annually, originally from the patricians only, but later from the plebeians also.

2. A senator; a counselor. [Obs.] Many of the consuls, raised and met, Are at the duke's already. Shak. With kings and consuls of the earth. Job. iii. 14 (Douay Ver. )

3. (Fr. Hist.)

Defn: One of the three chief magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804, who were called, respectively, first, second, and third consul.

4. An official comissioned to reside in some foreign country, to care for the commercial interests of the citizens of the appointing government, and to protect its seamen. Consul general, a consul of the first rank, stationed in an important place, or having jurisdiction in several places or over several consula. — Vice consul, a consular officer holding the place of a consul during the consul's absence or after he has been relieved.

CONSULAGE
Con"sul*age, n. (Com.)

Defn: A duty or tax paid by merchants for the protection of their connerce by means of a consul in a foreign place.

CONSULAR
Con"su*lar, a. Etym: [L. consularis; cf. F. consulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a consul; performing the duties of a consul; as, consular power; consular dignity; consular officers.

CONSULARY
Con"su*la"ry, a.

Defn: Consular. [Obs.] Holland.

CONSULATE
Con"su*late, n. Etym: [L. consulatus: cf. F. consulat.]

1. The office of a consul. Addison.

2. The jurisdiction or residence of a consul. Kent.

3. Consular government; term of office of a consul.

CONSULSHIP
Con"sul*ship, n.

1. The office of a consul; consulate.

2. The term of office of a consul.

CONSULT
Con*sult", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Consulted; p.pr. & vb.n. Consulting.]
Etym: [L. consultare, fr. consulere to consult: cf. f. consulter. Cf.
Counsel.]

Defn: To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take consel; to deliberate together; to confer. Let us consult upon to-morrow's business. Shak. All the laws of England have been made by the kings England, consulting with the nobility and commons. Hobbes.

CONSULT
Con*sult", v. t.

1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of; to apply to for information or instruction; to refer to; as, to consult a physician; to consult a dictionary. Men fergot, or feared, to consult . . . ; they were content to consult liberaries. Whewell.

2. To have reference to, in judging or acting; to have regard to; to consider; as, to consult one's wishes. We are . . . to consult the necessities of life, rather than matters of ornament and delight. L'Estrange.

3. To deliberate upon; to take for. [Obs.] Manythings were there consulted for the future, yet nothing was positively resolved. Clarendon.

4. To bring about by counsel or contrivance; to devise; to contrive. [Obs.] Thou hast consulted shame to thy Hab. ii. 10.

CONSULT
Con*sult" ( or ), n.

1. The act of consulting or deliberating; consultation; also, the result of consulation; determination; decision. [Obs.] The council broke; And all grave consults dissolved in smoke. Dryden.

2. A council; a meeting for consultation. [Obs.] "A consult of coquettes." Swift.

3. Agreement; concert [Obs.] Dryden.

CONSULTARY
Con*sult"a*ry, a.

Defn: Formed by consultation; resulting from conference. Consultary response (Law), the opinion of a court on a special case. Wharton.

CONSULTATION
Con`sul*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. consultatio: cf. F. consultation.]

1. The act of consulting or conferring; deliberation of two or more persons on some matter, with a view to a decision. Thus they doubtful consultations dark Ended. Milton.

2. A council or conference, as of physicians, held to consider a special case, or of lawyers restained in a cause. Writ of consultation (Law), a writ by which a cause, improperly removed by prohibition from one court to another, is returned to the court from which it came; — so called because the judges, on consultation, find the prohibition ill-founded.

CONSULTATIVE
Con*sult"a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to consultation; having the privilege or right of conference. "A consultative . . . power." Abp. Bramhall.

CONSULTATORY
Con*sult"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Formed by, or resulting from, consultation; advisory. Bancroft.

CONSULTER
Con*sult"er, n.

Defn: One who consults, or asks counsel or information.

CONSULTING
Con*sult"ing, a.

Defn: That consults. Consulting physician (Med.), a physician who consults with the attending practitioner regarding any case of disease.

CONSULTIVE
Con*sult"ive, a.

Defn: Determined by, or pertaining to, consultation; deliberate;
consultative.
He that remains in the grace of God sins not by any deliberative,
consultive, knowing act. Jer. Taylor.

CONSUMABLE
Con*sum"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being consumed; that may be destroyed, dissipated, wasted, or spent. "Consumable commodities." Locke.

CONSUME
Con*sume", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Consumed; p.pr. & vb.n. Consuming.]
Etym: [L. consumere to take wholly or complectely, to consume; con- +
sumere to take; sub + emere to buv. See Redeem.]

Defn: To destroy, as by decomposition, dissipation, waste, or fire; to use up; to expend; to waste; to burn up; to eat up; to devour. If he were putting to my house the brand That shall consume it. Shak. Lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth consume. Matt. vi. 20 (Rev. Ver. ). Let me alone . . . that I may consume them. Ex. xxxii. 10.

Syn. — To destroy; swallow up; ingulf; absorb; waste; exhaust; spend; expend; squander; lavish; dissipate.

CONSUME
Con*sume", v. i.

Defn: To waste away slowly.
Therefore, let Renedick, like covered fire, Consume away in sighs.
Shak.

CONSUMEDLY
Con*sum"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Excessively. [Low]
He's so consumedly pround of it. Thackeray.

CONSUMER
Con*sum"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, consumes; as, the consumer of food.

CONSUMER'S GOODS
Con*sum"er's goods. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: Economic goods that directly satisfy human wants or desires, such as food, clothes, pictures, etc.; — called also consumption goods, or goods of the first order, and opposed to producer's goods.

CONSUMER'S SURPLUS
Consumer's surplus. (Polit. econ.)

Defn: The excess that a purchaser would be willing to pay for a commodity over that he does pay, rather than go without the commodity; — called also consumer's rent.

The price which a person pays for a thing can never exceed, and seldom comes up to, that which he would be willing to pay rather than go without it. . . . The excess of the price which he would be willing to pay rather than go without it, over that which he actually does pay, is the economic measure of this surplus satisfaction. It has some analogies to a rent; but is perhaps best called simply consumer's surplus. Alfred Marshall.

CONSUMINGLY
Con*sum"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consuming manner.

CONSUMMATE Con*sum"mate, a. Etym: [L. consummatus, p.p. or consummare to accomplish, sum up; con- + summa sum. See Sum.]

Defn: Carried to the utmost extent or degree; of the highest quality; complete; perfect. "A man of perfect and consummate virtue." Addison. The little band held the post with consummate tenacity. Motley

CONSUMMATE
Con"sum*mate, v. t. [imp & p. p. Consummated; p. pr & vb. n.
Consummating.]

Defn: To bring to completion; to raise to the highest point or degree; to complete; to finish; to perfect; to achieve. To consummate this business happily. Shak.

CONSUMMATELY
Con*sum"mate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a consummate manner; completely. T. Warton.

CONSUMMATION
Con`sum*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. consummatio.]

Defn: The act of consummating, or the state of being consummated;
completed; completion; perfection; termination; end (as of the world
or of life).
"Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. Shak.
From its original to its consummation. Addison.
Quiet consummation have, And renownShak.
Consummation of marrige, completion of the connubial relation by
actual cohabition.

CONSUMMATIVE
Con*sum"ma*tive, a.

Defn: Serving to consummate; completing. "The final, the consummative procedure of philosophy." Sir W. Hamilton.

CONSUMPTION
Con*sump"tion, n.. Etym: [L. consumptio: cf. F. consomption.]

1. The act or process of consuming by use, waste, etc.; decay; destruction. Every new advance of the price to the consumer is a new incentive to him to retrench the quality of his consumption. Burke.

2. The state or process of being consumed, wasted, or diminished; waste; diminution; loss; decay.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A progressive wasting away of the body; esp., that form of wasting, attendant upon pulmonary phthisis and associated with cough, spitting of blood, hectic fever, etc.; pulmonary phthisis; — called also pulmonary consumption. Consumption of the bowels (Med.), inflammation and ulceration of the intestines from tubercular disease.

Syn.
— Decline; waste; decay. See Decline.

CONSUMPTIVE
Con*sump"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. consomptif.]

1. Of or pertaining to consumption; having the quality of consuming, or dissipating; destructive; wasting. It [prayer] is not consumptive or our time. Sharp. A long consumptive war. Addison.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with, or inclined to, consumption.
The lean, consumptive wench, with coughs decayed. Dryden.

CONSUMPTIVE
Con*sump"tive, n.

Defn: One affected with consumption; as, a resort for consumptives.

CONSUMPTIVELY
Con*sump"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a way tending to or indication consumption. Beddoes.

CONSUMPTIVENESS
Con*sump"tive*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption.

CONTABESCENT
Con`ta*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. contabescenc, p.pr. of contabescere.]

Defn: Wasting away gradually. Darwin. - Con*ta*bes"cence, n.

CONTACT Con"tact, n. Etym: [L. contactus, fr. contingere, -tactum, to touch on all sides. See Contingent.]

1. A close union or junction of bodies; a touching or meeting.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The property of two curves, or surfaces, which meet, and at the point of meeting have a common direction.

3. (Mining)

Defn: The plane between two adjacent bodies of dissimilar rock. Raymond. Contact level, a delicate level so pivoted as to tilt when two parts of a measuring apparatus come into contact with each other; — used in precise determinations of lengths and in the accurate graduation of instruments.

CONTACTION
Con*tac"tion, n.

Defn: Act of touching. [Obs.]

CONTAGION
Con*ta"gion, n. Etym: [L. contagio: cf. F. contagion. See Contact.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The transmission of a disease from one person to another, by direct or indirect contact.

Note: The term has been applied by some to the action of miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable matter, bogs, fens, etc., but in this sense it is now abandoned. Dunglison. And will he steal out of his wholesome bed To dare the vile contagion of the night Shak.

2. That which serves as a medium or agency to transmit disease; a virus produced by, or exhalation proceeding from, a diseased person, and capable of reproducing the disease.

3. The act or means of communicating any influence to the mind or heart; as, the contagion of enthusiasm. "The contagion of example." Eikon Basilike. When lust . . . Lets in defilement to the inward parts, The soul grows clotted by contagion. Milton.

4. Venom; poison. [Obs.] "I'll touch my point with this contagion." Shak.

Syn.
— See Infection.

CONTAGIONED
Con*ta"gioned, a.

Defn: Affected by contagion.

CONTAGIONIST
Con*ta"gion*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the contagious character of certain diseases, as of yellow fever.

CONTAGIOUS
Con*ta"gious, a. Etym: [L. contagiosus: cf. F. contagieux.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Communicable by contact, by a virus, or by a bodily exhalation; catching; as, a contagious disease.

2. Conveying or generating disease; pestilential; poisonous; as, contagious air.

3. Spreading or communicable from one to another; exciting similar emotions or conduct in others. His genius rendered his courage more contagious. Wirt. The spirit of imitation is contagious. Ames.

Syn. — Contagious, Infectious. These words have been used in very diverse senses; but, in general, a contagious disease has considered as one which is caught from another by contact, by the breath, by bodily effluvia, etc.; while an infectious disease supposes some entirely different cause acting by a hidden influence, like the miasma of prison ships, of marshes, etc., infecting the system with disease. "This distinction, though not universally admitted by medical men, as to the literal meaning, of the words, certainly applies to them in their figurative use. Thus we speak of the contagious influence of evil associates; their contagion of bad example, the contagion of fear, etc., when we refer to transmission by proximity or contact. On the other hand, we speak of infection by bad principles, etc., when we consider anything as diffused by some hidden influence.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASE
Con*ta"gious dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: A disease communicable by contact with a patient suffering from it, or with some secretion of, or object touched by, such a patient. Most such diseases have already been proved to be germ diseases, and their communicability depends on the transmission of the living germs. Many germ diseases are not contagious, some special method of transmission or inoculation of the germs being required.

CONTAGIOUSLY
Con*ta"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contagious manner.

CONTAGIOUSNESS
Con*ta"gious*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being contagious.

CONTAGIUM
Con*ta"gi*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Contagion; contagious matter. "Contagium of measles." Tyndall.

CONTAIN
Con*tain", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contained; p.pr. & vb.n. Containing.]
Etym: [OE. contenen, conteinen, F. contenir, fr. L. continere, -
tentum; con- + tenere to hold. See Tenable, and cf. Countenance.]

1. To hold within fixed limits; to comprise; to include; to inclose; to hold. Behold, heaven and the heaven of heavens can not contain thee; how much less this house! 2 Chron. vi. 18. When that this body did contain a spirit. Shak. What thy stores contain bring forth. Milton.

2. To have capacity for; to be able to hold; to hold; to be equivalent to; as, a bushel contains four pecks.

3. To put constraint upon; to restrain; to confine; to keep within bounds. [Obs., exept as used reflexively.] The king's person contains the unruly people from evil occasions. Spenser. Fear not, my lord: we can contain ourselves. Shak.

CONTAIN
Con*tain", v. i.

Defn: To restrain desire; to live in continence or chastity.
But if they can not contain, let them marry. 1 Cor. vii. 9.

CONTAINABLE
Con*tain"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contained or comprised. Boyle.

CONTAINANT
Con*tain"ant, n.

Defn: A container.

CONTAINER
Con*tain"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, contains.

CONTAINMENT
Con*tain"ment, n.

Defn: That which is contained; the extent; the substance. [Obs.]
The containment of a rich man's estate. Fuller.

CONTAMINABLE
Con*tam"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contaminated.

CONTAMINATE Con*tam"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contaminated; p.pr. & vb.n. Contaminating.] Etym: [L. contaminatus, p.p. of contaminare to bring into contact, to contaminate, fr. contamen contagion, for contagmen; con- + root of tangere to touch. See Contact.]

Defn: To soil, stain, or corrupt by contact; to tarnish; to sully; to taint; to pollute; to defile. Shall we now Contaminate our figures with base bribes Shak. I would neither have simplicity imposed upon, nor virtue contaminated. Goldsmith.

Syn.
— To pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; soil; stain; corrupt.

CONTAMINATE
Con*tam"i*nate, a.

Defn: Contaminated; defiled; polluted; tainted. "Contaminate drink."
Daniel.

CONTAMINATION
Con*tam`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. contaminatio.]

Defn: The act or process of contaminating; pollution; defilement; taint; also, that which contaminates.

CONTAMITIVE
Con*tam"i*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or liable to contaminate.

CONTANGO Con*tan"go, n.; pl. Contangoes. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of contingent.]

1. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: The premium or interest paid by the buyer to the seller, to be allowed to defer paying for the stock purchased until the next fortnightly settlement day. [Eng.]

2. (Law)

Defn: The postponement of payment by the buyer of stock on the payment of a premium to the seller. See Backwardation. N. Biddle.

CONTE
Conte, n.; pl. Contes (#). [F.]

Defn: A short narrative or tale, esp. one dealing with surprising or marvelous events.

The conte (sic) is a tale something more than a sketch, it may be, and something less than a short story. . . . The "Canterbury Tales" are contes, most of them, if not all, and so are some of the "Tales of a Wayside Inn." Brander Matthews.

CONTECTION
Con*tec"tion, n. Etym: [L. contegere, -tectum, to cover up.]

Defn: A covering. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONTEK Con"tek, n. Etym: [OE. conteck, conteke, contake, perh. a corruption either of contact or contest.]

1. Quarrel; contention; contest. [Obs.] Contek with bloody knife. Chaucer.

2 2

Defn: Contumely; reproach. [Obs.] Wyclif.

CONTEMN Con*temn", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contemned; p.pr. & vb.n. Contemning ( or ).] Etym: [L. contemnere, -temptum; con- + temnere to slight, despise: cf. OF. contemner.]

Defn: To view or treat with contempt, as mean and despicable; to
reject with disdain; to despise; to scorn.
Thy pompous delicacies I contemn. Milton.
One who contemned divine and human laws. Dryden.

Syn. — To despise; scorn; disdain; spurn; slight; neglect; underrate; overlook. — To Contemn, Despise, Scorn, Disdain. Contemn is the generic term, and is applied especially to objects, qualities, etc., which are deemed contemptible, and but rarely to individuals; to despise is to regard or treat as mean, unbecoming, or worthless; to scorn is stronger, expressing a quick, indignant contempt; disdain is still stronger, denoting either unwarrantable pride and haughtiness or an abhorrence of what is base.

CONTEMNER
Con*tem"ner ( or ), n.

Defn: One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner. "Contemners of the gods." South.

CONTEMNINGLY
Con*tem"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: Contemptuously. [R.]

CONTEMPER Con*tem"per, v. t. Etym: [L. contemperare, -temperatum; con- + temperare to temper. Cf. Contemperate.]

Defn: To modify or temper; to allay; to qualify; to moderate; to
soften. [Obs.]
The antidotes . . . have allayed its bitterness and contempered its
malignancy. Johnson.

CONTEMPERATE
Con*tem"per*ate, v. t. Etym: [See Contemper.]

Defn: To temper; to moderate. [Obs.]
Moisten and contemperate the air. Sir T. Browne.

CONTEMPERATION
Con*tem`per*a"tion, n.

1. The act of tempering or moderating. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Proportionate mixture or combination. "Contemperation of light and shade." Boyle.

CONTEMPERATURE
Con*tem"per*a*ture, n.

Defn: The condition of being tempered; proportionate mixture;
temperature. [Obs.]
The different contemperature of the elements. SDouth.

CONTEMPLANCE
Con*tem"plance, n.

Defn: Contemplation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CONTEMPLANT
Con*tem"plant, a. Etym: [L. contemplans, p.pr.]

Defn: Given to contemplation; meditative. [R.] Coleridge.

CONTEMPLATE Con"tem*plate, v. t. [imp & p. p. Contemplated (# or #); p.pr & vb. n. Contemplating.] Etym: [L. contemplatus, p.p. of contemplari to contemplate; con- + templum a space for observation marked out by the augur. See Temple.]

1. To look at on all sides or in all its bearings; to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with deliberate care; to meditate on; to study. To love, at least contemplate and admire, What I see excellent. Milton. We thus dilate Our spirits to the size of that they contemplate. Byron.

2. To consider or have in view, as contingent or probable; to look forward to; to purpose; to intend. There remain some particulars to complete the information contemplated by those resolutions. A. Hamilton. If a treaty contains any stipulations which contemplate a state of future war. Kent.

Syn. — To view; behold; study; ponder; muse; meditate on; reflect on; consider; intend; design; plan; propose; purpose. See Meditate.

CONTEMPLATE
Con"tem*plate, v. i.

Defn: To consider or think studiously; to ponder; to reflect; to
muse; to meditate.
So many hours must I contemplate. Shak.

CONTEMPLATION
Con`tem*pla"tion, n. Etym: [F. contemplation, L. contemplatio.]

1. The act of the mind in considering with attention; continued attention of the mind to a particular subject; meditation; musing; study. In contemplation of created things, By steps we may ascend to God. Milton. Contemplation is keeping the idea which is brought into the mind for some time actually in view. Locke.

2. Holy meditation. [Obs.] To live in prayer and contemplation. Shak.

3. The act of looking forward to an event as about to happen; expectation; the act of intending or purposing. In contemplation of returning at an early date, he left. Reid. To have in contemplation, to inted or purpose, or to have under consideration.

CONTEMPLATIST
Con*tem"pla*tist, n.

Defn: A contemplator. [R.] I. Taylor.

CONTEMPLATIVE
Con*tem"pla*tive, a. Etym: [F. contemplatif, L. contemplativus.]

1. Pertaining to contemplation; addicted to, or employed in, contemplation; meditative. Fixed and contemplative their looks. Denham.

2. Having the power of contemplation; as, contemplative faculties. Ray.

CONTEMPLATIVE
Con*tem"pla*tive, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A religious or either sex devoted to prayer and meditation, rather than to active works of charity.

CONTEMPLATIVELY
Con*tem"pla*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: With contemplation; in a contemplative manner.

CONTEMPLATIVENESS
Con*tem"pla*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being contemplative; thoughtfulness.

CONTEMPLATOR
Con"tem*pla`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who contemplates. Sir T. Browne.

CONTEMPORANEITY
Con*tem`po*ra*ne"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being contemporaneous.
The lines of contemporaneity in the oölitic system. J. Philips.

CONTEMPORANEOUS Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. contemporaneus; con- + tempus time. See Temporal, and cf. Contemporaneous.]

Defn: Living, existing, or occurring at the same time; contemporary.
The great age of Jewish philosophy, that of Aben Esra, Maimonides,
and Kimchi, had been contemporaneous with the later Spanish school of
Arabic philosophy. Milman
- Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ness, n.

CONTEMPORANEOUSLY
Con*tem`po*ra"ne*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: At the same time with some other event.

CONTEMPORARINESS
Con*tem"po*ra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: Existence at the same time; contemporaneousness. Howell.

CONTEMPORARY Con*tem"po*ra*ry, a. Etym: [Pref. con- + L. temporarius of belonging to time, tempus time. See Temporal, and cf. Contemporaneous.]

1. Living, occuring, or existing, at the same time; done in, or belonging to, the same times; contemporaneous. This king [Henry VIII.] was contemporary with the greatest monarchs of Europe. Strype.

2. Of the same age; coeval. A grove born with himself he sees, And loves his old contemporary trees. Cowley.

CONTEMPORARY
Con*tem"po*ra*ry, n.; pl. Contemporaries.

Defn: One who lives at the same time with another; as, Petrarch and
Chaucer were contemporaries.

CONTEMPT Con*tempt", n. Etym: [L. contemptus, fr. contemnere: cf. OF. contempt. See Contemn.]

1. The act of contemning or despising; the feeling with which one regards that which is esteement mean, vile, or worthless; disdain; scorn. Criminal contempt of public feeling. Macaulay. Nothing, says Longinus, can be great, the contempt of which is great. Addison.

2. The state of being despised; disgrace; shame. Contempt and begarry hangs upon thy back. Shaks.

3. An act or expression denoting contempt. Little insults and contempts. Spectator. The contempt and anger of his lip. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: Disobedience of the rules, orders, or process of a court of justice, or of rules or orders of a legislative body; disorderly, contemptuous, or insolent language or behavior in presence of a court, tending to disturb its proceedings, or impair the respect due to its authority.

Note: Contempt is in some jurisdictions extended so as to include publications reflecting injuriously on a court of justice, or commenting unfairly on pending proceedings; in other jurisdictions the courts are prohibited by statute or by the constitution from thus exercising this process.

Syn. — Disdain; scorn; derision; mockery; contumely; neglect; disregard; slight.

CONTEMPTIBILITY
Con*tempt`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being contemptible; contemptibleness. Speed.

CONTEMPTIBLE
Con*tempt"i*ble, a.

1. Worthy of contempt; deserving of scorn or disdain; mean; vile;
despicable. Milton.
The arguments of tyranny are ascontemptible as its force is dreadful.
Burke.

2. Despised; scorned; neglected; abject. Locke.

3. Insolent; scornful; contemptuous. [Obs.] If she should make tender of her love, 't is very possible he 'll scorn it; for the man . . . hath a contemptible spirit. Shak.

Syn. — Despicable; abject; vile; mean; base; paltry; worthless; sorry; pitiful; scurrile. See Contemptuous. — Contemptible, Despicable, Pitiful, Paltry. Despicable is stronger than contemptible, as despise is stronger than contemn. It implies keen disapprobation, with a mixture of anger. A man is despicable chiefly for low actions which mark his life, such as servility, baseness, or mean adulation. A man is contemptible for mean qualities which distinguish his character, especially those which show him to be weak, foolish, or worthless. Treachery is despicable, egotism is contemptible. Pitiful and paltry are applied to cases which are beneath anger, and are simply contemptible in a high degree.

CONTEMPTIBLENESS
Con*tempt"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being contemptible, or of being despised.

CONTEMPTIBLY
Con*tempt"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a contemptible manner.

CONTEMPTUOUS
Con*temp"tu*ous, a.

Defn: Manifecting or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful;
haughty; insolent; disdainful.
A proud, contemptious behavior. Hammond.
Savage invectiveand contemptuous sarcasm. Macaulay.
Rome . . . entertained the most contemptuous opinion of the Jews.
Atterbury.

Syn. — Scornful; insolent; haughty; disdainful; supercilious; insulting; contumelious. — Contemptuous, Contemptible. These words, from their similarity of sound, are sometimes erroneously interchanged, as when a person speaks of having "a very contemptible opinion of another." Contemptible is applied to that which is the object of contempt; as, contemptible conduct; acontemptible fellow. Contemptuous is applied to that which indicates contempts; as, a contemptuous look; a contemptuous remark; contemptuous treatment. A person, or whatever is personal, as an action, an expression, a feeling, an opinion, may be either contemptuous or contemptible; a thing may be contemptible, but can not be contemptuous.

CONTEMPTUOUSLY
Con*temp"tu*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contemptuous manner; with scorn or disdain; despitefully. The apostles and most eminent Christians were poor, and used contemptuously. Jer. Taylor.

CONTEMPTUOUSNESS
Con*temp"tu*ous*ness, n.

Defn: Disposition to or manifestion of contempt; insolence; haughtiness.

CONTEND
Con*tend", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Contended; p.pr. & vb.n. Contending.]
Etym: [OF. contendre, L. contendere, -tentum; con- + tendere to
strech. See Tend.]

1. To strive in opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to quarrel; to fight. For never two such kingdoms did content Without much fall of blood. Shak. The Lord said unto me, Distress not the Moabites, neither contend with them in battle. Deut. ii. 9. In ambitious strength I did Contend against thy valor. Shak.

2. To struggle or exert one's self to obtain or retain possession of, or to defend. You sit above, and see vain men below Contend for what you only can bestow. Dryden.

3. To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to dispute; to
argue.
The question which our author would contend for. Locke.
Many things he fiercely contended about were trivial. Dr. H. More.

Syn. — To struggle; fight; combat; vie; strive; oppose; emulate; contest; litigate; dispute; debate.

CONTEND
Con*tend", v. t.

Defn: To struggle for; to contest. [R.]
Carthage shall contend the world with Rome.Dryden.

CONTENDENT
Con*tend"ent, n. Etym: [L. contendens, p.pr.]

Defn: n antagonist; a contestant. [Obs.] In all notable changes and revolutions the contendents have been still made a prey to the third party. L'Estrange.

CONTENDER
Con*tend"er, n.

Defn: One who contends; a contestant.

CONTENDRESS
Con*tend"ress, n.

Defn: A female contestant. [R.]

CONTENEMENT
Con*ten"e*ment, n. Etym: [Pref. con- + tenemnt.] (Law)

Defn: That which is held together with another thing; that which is connected with a tenetment, or thing holden, as a certin quantity of land a Burrill.

CONTENT Con*tent, a. Etym: [F. content, fr. L. contentus, p.p. of contenire to hold together, restrain. See Contain.]

Defn: Contained within limits; hence, having the desires limited by
that which one has; not disposed to repine or grumble; satisfied;
contented; at rest.
Having food rainment, let us be therewith content. 1 Tim. vi. 8.

CONTENT
Con"tent ( or ; 277), n.; usually in pl., Contents.

1. That which is contained; the thing or things held by a receptacle or included within specified limits; as, the contents of a cask or bale or of a room; the contents of a book. I shall prove these writings . . . authentic, and the contents true, and worthy of a divine original. Grew.

2. Power of containing; capacity; extent; size. [Obs.] Strong ship's, of great content. Bacon.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Area or quantity of space or matter contained within certain limits; as, solid contents; superficial contents. The geometrical content, figure, and situation of all the lands of a kingdom. Graunt. Table of contents, or Contents, a table or list of topics in a book, showing their order and the place where they may be found: a summary.

CONTENT Con*tent", v. t. Etym: [F. contenter, LL. contentare, fr. L. contentus, p.p. See Content, a.]

1. To satisfy the desires of; to make easy in any situation; to appease or quiet; to gratify; to please. Do not content yourselves with obscure and confused ideas, where clearer are to be attained. I. Watts. Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them. Mark xv. 15.

2. To satisfy the expectations of; to pay; to requite. Come the next Sabbath, and I will content you. Shak.

Syn.
— To satisfy; appease; plese. See Satiate.

CONTENT
Con*tent", n.

1. Rest or quietness of the mind in one's present condition; freedom from discontent; satisfaction; contentment; moderate happiness. Such is the fullness of my heart's content. Shak.

2. Acquiescence without examination. [Obs.] The sense they humbly take upon content. Pope.

3. That which contents or satisfies; that which if attained would make one happy. So will I in England work your grace's full content. Shak.

4. (Eng. House of Lords)

Defn: An expression of assent to a bill or motion; an affirmate vote; also, a member who votes "Content.". Supposing the number of "Contents" and "Not contents" strictly equal in number and consequence.Burke.

CONTENTATION
Con`ten*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. contentatio.]

Defn: Content; satisfaction. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONTENTED
Con*tent"ed, a.

Defn: Content; easy in mind; satisfied; quiet; willing.
— Con*tent"ed*ly, adv.
— Con*tent"ed*ness, n.

CONTENTFUL
Con*tent"ful, a.

Defn: Full of content. [Obs.] Barrow.

CONTENTION
Con*ten"tion, n. Etym: [F. contention, L. contentio. See Contend.]

1. A violent effort or struggle to obtain, or to resist, something; contest; strife. I would my arcontenion. Shak.

2. Strife in words; controversy; altercation quarrel; dispute; as, a bone of contention. Contentions and strivings about the law. Titus iii. 9.

3. Vehemence of endeavor; eagerness; ardor; zeal. An end . . . worthy our utmost contenion to obtain. Rogers.

4. A point maintained in an argument, or a line of argument taken in its support; the subject matter of discussion of strife; a position taken or contended for. All men seem agreed what is to be done; the contention is how the subject is to be divided and defined. Bagehot. This was my original contention, and I still maintain that you should abide by your former decision. Jowett.

Syn. — Struggle; strife; contest; quarrel; combat; conflict; feud; litigation; controversy; dissension; variance; disagreement; debate; competition; emulation. — Contention, Strife. A struggle between two parties is the idea common to these two words. Strife is a struggle for mastery; contention is a struggle for the possession of some desired object, or the accomplishment of some favorite end. Neither of the words is necessairly used in a bad sense, since there may be a generous strife or contention between two friends as to which shall incur danger or submit to sacrifices. Ordinarily, however, these words denote a struggle arising from bad passions. In that case, strife usually springs from a quarrelsome temper, and contention from, a selfish spirit which seeks its own aggrandizement, or is fearful lest others should obtain too such. Strife has more reference to the manner than to the object of a struggle, while contention takes more account of the end to be gained.

CONTENTIOUS
Con*ten"tious, a. Etym: [L. contentiosus: cf. F. contentieux.]

1. Fond of contention; given to angry debate; provoking dispute or contention; quarrelsome. Despotic and contentious temper. Macaulay.

2. Relating to contention or strife; involving or characterized by contention. Spenser. More cheerfull; though not less contentious, regions. Brougham.

3. (Law)

Defn: Contested; litigated; litigious; having power to decide controversy. Contentious jurisdiction (Eng. Eccl. Law), jurisdiction over matters in controversy between parties, in contradistinction to voluntary jurisdiction, or that exercised upon matters not opposed or controverted.

Syn.
— Quarrelsome; pugnacious; dissentious; wrangling; litigious;
perverse; peevish. - Con*ten"tious*ly, adv.
— Con*ten"tious*ness, n.

CONTENTLESS
Con*tent"less, a. Etym: [Content + -less.]

Defn: Discontented; dissatisfied. [R.] Shak.

CONTENTLY
Con*tent"ly, adv.

Defn: In a contented manner. [Obs.]

CONTENTMENT
Con*tent"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contentement. See Content, v. t.]

1. The state of being contented or satisfied; content. Contentment without external honor is humility. Grew. Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6.

2. The act or process of contenting or satisfying; as, the contentment of avarice is impossible.

3. Gratification; pleasure; satisfaction. [Obs.] At Paris the prince spent one whole day to give his mind some contentment in viewing of a famous city. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTENTS
Con*tents ( or ; 277), n. pl.

Defn: See Content, n.

CONTERMINABLE
Con*ter"mi*na*ble, a.

Defn: Having the same bounds; terminating at the same time or place;
conterminous.
Love and life not conterminable. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTERMINAL
Con*ter"mi*nal, a. Etym: [LL. conterminalis.]

Defn: Conterminous.

CONTERMINANT
Con*ter"mi*nant, a.

Defn: Having the same limits; ending at the same time; conterminous.
Lamb.

CONTERMINATE Con*ter"mi*nate, a. Etym: [L. conterminare to border upon, fr. conterminus conterminous; con- + terminus border.]

Defn: Having the same bounds; conterminous. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CONTERMINOUS
Con*ter"mi*nous, a. Etym: [L. conterminus. Cf. Conterminous.]

Defn: Having the same bounds, or limits; bordering upon; contiguous. This conformed so many of them as were conterminous to the colonies and garrisons, to the Roman laws. Sir M. Hale.

CONTERRANEAN; CONTERRANEOUS Con`ter*ra"ne*an, Con`ter*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. conterraneus; con- + terra country.]

Defn: Of or belonging to the same country. Howell.

CONTESSERATION Con*tes`ser*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. contesseratio, from contesserare to contract friendship by means of the tesserae (friendship tokens).]

Defn: An assemblage; a collection; harmonious union. [Obs.] That person of his [George Herbert], which afforded so unusual a contesseration of elegancies. Oley.

CONTEST Con*test", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contested; p.pr. & vb.n. Contesting.] Etym: [F. contester, fr. L. contestari to call to witness, contestari litem to introduce a lawsuit by calling witnesses, to bring an action; con- + testari to be a witness, testic witness. See Testify.]

1. To make a subject of dispute, contention, litigation, or emulation; to contend for; to call in question; to controvert; to oppose; to dispute. The people . . . contested not what was done. Locke. Few philosophical aphorisms have been more frequenty repeated, few more contested than this. J. D. Morell.

2. To strive earnestly to hold or maintain; to struggle to defend; as, the troops contested every inch of ground.

3. (Law)

Defn: To make a subject of litigation; to defend, as a suit; to dispute or resist; as a claim, by course of law; to controvert. To contest an election. (Polit.) (a) To strive to be elected. (b) To dispute the declared result of an election.

Syn.
— To dispute; controvert; debate; litigate; oppose; argue; contend.

CONTEST
Con*test", v. i.

Defn: To engage in contention, or emulation; to contend; to strive; to vie; to emulate; — followed usually by with. The difficulty of an argument adds to the pleasure of contesting with in, when there are hopes of victory. Bp. Burnet. Of man, who dares in pomp with Jove contest Pope.

CONTEST
Con"test, n.

1. Earnest dispute; strife in argument; controversy; debate;
altercation.
Leave all noisy contests, all immodest clamors and brawling language.
I. Watts.

2. Earnest struggle for superiority, victory, defense, etc.; competition; emulation; strife in arms; conflict; combat; encounter. The late battle had, in effect, been a contest between one usurper and another. Hallam. It was fully expected that the contest there would be long and fierce. Macaulay.

Syn. — Conflict; combat; battle; encounter; shock; struggle; dispute; altercation; debate; controvesy; difference; disagreement; strife. — Contest, Conflict, Combat, Encounter. Contest is the broadest term, and had originally no reference to actual fighting. It was, on the contrary, a legal term signifying to call witnesses, and hence came to denote first a struggle in argument, and then a struggle for some common object between opposing parties, usually one of considerable duration, and implying successive stages or acts. Conflict denotes literally a close personal engagement, in which sense it is applied to actual fighting. It is, however, more commonly used in a figurative sense to denote strenuous or direct opposition; as, a mental conflict; conflicting interests or passions; a conflict of laws. An encounter is a direct meeting face to face. Usually it is a hostile meeting, and is then very nearly coincident with conflict; as, an encounter of opposing hosts. Sometimes it is used in a looser sense; as, "this keen encounter of our wits." Shak. Combat is commonly applied to actual fighting, but may be used figuratively in reference to a strife or words or a struggle of feeling.

CONTESTABLE
Con*test"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. contestable.]

Defn: Capable of being contested; debatable.

CONTESTANT
Con*test"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contestant.]

Defn: One who contests; an opponent; a litigant; a disputant; one who claims that which has been awarded to another.

CONTESTATION Con`tes*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. contestatio testimony: cf. F. contestation a contesting.]

1. The act of contesting; emulation; rivalry; strife; dispute. "Loverlike contestation." Milton. After years spent in domestic, unsociable contestations, she found means to withdraw. Clarendon.

2. Proof by witness; attestation; testimony. [Obs.] A solemn contestation ratified on the part of God. Barrow.

CONTESTINGLY
Con*test"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contending manner.

CONTEX
Con*tex, v. t.

Defn: To context. [Obs.] Boyle.

CONTEXT Con*text", a. Etym: [L. contextus, p.p. of contexere to weave, to unite; con- + texere to weave. See Text.]

Defn: Knit or woven together; close; firm. [Obs.]
The coats, without, are context and callous. Derham.

CONTEXT
Con"text, n. Etym: [L. contextus; cf. F. contexte .]

Defn: The part or parts of something written or printed, as of
Scripture, which precede or follow a text or quoted sentence, or are
so intimately associated with it as to throw light upon its meaning.
According to all the light that the contexts afford. Sharp.

CONTEXT
Con*text", v. t.

Defn: To knit or bind together; to unite closely. [Obs.] Feltham. The whole world's frame, which is contexted only by commerce and contracts. R. Junius.

CONTEXTURAL
Con*tex"tur*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to contexture or arrangement of parts; producing contexture; interwoven. Dr. John Smith (1666).

CONTEXTURE
Con*tex"ture, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contexture.]

Defn: The arrangement and union of the constituent parts of a thing; a weaving together of parts; structural character of a thing; system; constitution; texture. That wonderful contexture of all created beings. Dryden. He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy than dainty. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTEXTURED
Con*tex"tured, a.

Defn: Formed into texture; woven together; arranged; composed. [R.]
Carlyle.

CONTICENT Con"ti*cent, a. Etym: [L. conticens, p.pr. of conticere; con- + tacere to be silent.]

Defn: Silent. [R.] "The guests sit conticent." Thackeray.

CONTIGNATION Con`tig*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. contignatio, fr. contignare to join with beams; con- + tignum beam.]

1. The act or process of framing together, or uniting, as beams in a fabric. Burke.

2. A framework or fabric, as of beams. Sir H. Wotton.

CONTIGUATE
Con*tig"u*ate, a. Etym: [LL. contiguatus.]

Defn: Contiguous; touching. [Obs.] Holland.

CONTIGUITY
Con`ti*gu"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. contiguit, LL. contiguitas.]

Defn: The state of being contiguous; intimate association; nearness;
proximity.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two parishes. T. Warton.

CONTIGUOUS Con*tig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. contiguus; akin to contigere to touch on all sides. See Contingent.]

Defn: In actual contact; touching; also, adjacent; near; neighboring;
adjoining.
The two halves of the paper did not appear fully divided . . . but
seemed contiguous at one of their angles. Sir I. Newton.
Sees no contiguous palace rear its head. Goldsmith.
Contiguous angles. See Adjacent angles, under Angle.

Syn.
— Adjoining; adjacent. See Adjacent. - Con*tig"u*ous*ly, adv.
— Con*tig"u*ous*ness, n.

CONTINENCE; CONTINENCY
Con"ti*nence, Con"ti*nen*cy, n. Etym: [F. continence, L. continentia.
See Continent, and cf. Countenance.]

1. Self-restraint; self-command. He knew what to say; he knew also, when to leave off, — a continence which is practiced by few writers. Dryden.

2. The restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and passions; the act or power of refraining from indulgence of the sexual appetite, esp. from unlawful indulgence; sometimes, moderation in sexual indulgence. If they [the unmarried and widows] have not continency, let them marry. 1 Cor. vii. 9 (Rev. Ver. ). Chastity is either abstinence or continence: abstinence is that of virgins or widows; continence, that of married persons. Jer. Taylor.

3. Uninterrupted course; continuity. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

CONTINENT
Con"ti*nent, a. Etym: [L. continens, -entis, prop., p. pr. of
continere to hold together, to repress: cf. F. continent. See
Contain.]

1. Serving to restrain or limit; restraining; opposing. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Exercising restraint as to the indulgence of desires or passions;
temperate; moderate.
Have a continent forbearance till the speed of his rage goes slower.
Shak.

3. Abstaining from sexual intercourse; exercising restraint upon the sexual appetite; esp., abstaining from illicit sexual intercourse; chaste. My past life Hath been as continent, as chaste, as true, As I am now unhappy. Shak.

4. Not interrupted; connected; continuous; as, a continent fever. [Obs.] The northeast part of Asia is, if not continent with the west side of America, yet certainly it is the least disoined by sea of all that coast. Berrewood.

CONTINENT
Con"ti*nent, n. Etym: [L. continens, prop., a holding together: cf.
F. continent. See Continent, a.]

1. That which contains anything; a receptacle. [Obs.] The smaller continent which we call a pipkin. Bp. Kennet.

2. One of the grand divisions of land on the globe; the main land; specifically (Phys. Geog.), a large body of land differing from an island, not merely in its size, but in its structure, which is that of a large basin bordered by mountain chains; as, the continent of North America.

Note: The continents are now usually regarded as six in number: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. But other large bodies of land are also reffered to as continents; as, the Antarctic continent; the continent of Greenland. Europe, Asia, and Africa are often grouped together as the Eastern Continent, and North and South America as the Western Continent. The Continent, the main land of Europe, as distinguished from the islands, especially from England.

CONTINENTAL
Con`ti*nen"tal, a.

1. Of or pertaining to a continent.

2. Of or pertaining to the main land of Europe, in distinction from the adjacent islands, especially England; as, a continental tour; a continental coalition. Macaulay. No former king had involved himself so frequently in the labyrinth of continental alliances. Hallam.

3. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the confederated colonies collectively, in the time of the Revolutionary War; as, Continental money. The army before Boston was designated as the Continental army, in contradistinction to that under General Gage, which was called the "Ministerial army." W. Irving. Continental Congress. See under Congress. — Continental system (Hist.), the blockade of Great Britain ordered by Napoleon by the decree of Berlin, Nov. 21, 1806; the object being to strike a blow at the maritime and commercial supremacy of Great Britain, by cutting her off from all intercourse with the continent of Europe.

CONTINENTAL
Con`ti*nen"tal, n. (Amer. Hist.)

Defn: A soldier in the Continental army, or a piece of the
Continental currency. See Continental, a., 3.

CONTINENTAL DRIVE
Con`ti*nen"tal drive. (Automobiles)

Defn: A transmission arrangement in which the longitudinal crank shaft drives the rear wheels through a clutch, change-speed gear, countershaft, and two parallel side chains, in order.

CONTINENTAL GLACIER
Continental glacier.

Defn: A broad ice sheet resting on a plain or plateau and spreading outward from a central névé, or region of accumulation.

CONTINENTAL PRONUNCIATION
Continental pronunciation (of Latin and Greek.)

Defn: A method of pronouncing Latin and Greek in which the vowels have their more familiar Continental values, as in German and Italian, the consonants being pronounced mostly as in English. The stricter form of this method of pronouncing Latin approaches the Roman, the modified form the English, pronunciation. The Continental method of Greek pronunciation is often called Erasmian.

CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
Continental system. (Hist.)

Defn: The system of commercial blockade aiming to exclude England from commerce with the Continent instituted by the Berlin decree, which Napoleon I. issued from Berlin Nov. 21, 1806, declaring the British Isles to be in a state of blockade, and British subjects, property, and merchandise subject to capture, and excluding British ships from all parts of Europe under French dominion. The retaliatory measures of England were followed by the Milan decree, issued by Napoleon from Milan Dec. 17, 1807, imposing further restrictions, and declaring every ship going to or from a port of England or her colonies to be lawful prize.

CONTINENTLY
Con"ti*nent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a continent manner; chastely; moderately; temperately.

CONTINGENCE
Con*tin"gence, n.

Defn: See Contingency.

CONTINGENCY
Con*tin"gen*cy, n,; pl. Contingencies. Etym: [Cf. F. contingence.]

1. Union or connection; the state of touching or contact. "Point of contingency." J. Gregory.

2. The quality or state of being contingent or casual; the possibility of coming to pass. Aristotle says we are not to build certain rules on the contingency of human actions. South.

3. An event which may or may not occur; that which is possible or probable; a fortuitous event; a chance. The remarkable position of the queen rendering her death a most important contingency. Hallam.

4. An adjunct or accessory. Wordsworth.

5. (Law)

Defn: A certain possible event that may or may not happen, by which, when happening, some particular title may be affected.

Syn.
— Casualty; accident; chance.

CONTINGENT Con*tin"gent, a. Etym: [L. contingens, -entis, p.pr. of contingere to touch on all sides, to happen; con- + tangere to touch: cf. F. contingent. See Tangent, Tact.]

1. Possible, or liable, but not certain, to occur; incidental;
casual.
Weighing so much actual crime against so much contingent advantage.
Burke.

2. Dependent on that which is undetermined or unknown; as, the success of his undertaking is contingent upon events which he can not control. "Uncertain and contingent causes." Tillotson.

3. (Law)

Defn: Dependent for effect on something that may or may not occur;
as, a contingent estate.
If a contingent legacy be left to any one when he attains, or if he
attains, the age of twenty-one. Blackstone.

CONTINGENT
Con*tin"gent, n.

1. An event which may or may not happen; that which is unforeseen, undetermined, or dependent on something future; a contingency. His understanding could almost pierce into future contingets. South.

2. That which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number; a suitable share; proportion; esp., a quota of troops. From the Alps to the border of Flanders, contingents were required . . . 200,000 men were in arms. Milman.

CONTINGENTLY
Con*tin"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contingent manner; without design or foresight; accidentally.

CONTINGENTNESS
Con*tin"gent*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being contingent; fortuitousness.

CONTINUABLE
Con*tin"u*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being continued [R.]

CONTINUAL
Con*tin"u*al, a. Etym: [OE. continuel, F. continuel. See Continue.]

1. Proceeding without interruption or cesstaion; continuous; unceasing; lasting; abiding. He that is of a merry heart hath a continual feast. Prov. xv. 15.

2. Occuring in steady and rapid succession; very frequent; often
repeated.
The eye is deligh by a continental succession of small landscapes. W.
Irwing.
Continual proportionals (Math.), quantities in continued proportion.
Brande & C.

Syn. — Constant; prepetual; incessant; unceasing; uninterrupted; unintermitted; continuous. See Constant, and Continuous.

CONTINUALLY
Con*tin"u*al*ly, adv.

1. Without cessation; unceasingly; continuously; as, the current flows continually. Why do not all animals continually increase in bigness Bentley.

2. In regular or repeated succession; very often. Thou shalt eat bread at my table continually. 2 Sam. ix. 7.

CONTINUANCE
Con*tin"u*ance, n. Etym: [OF. continuance.]

1. A holding on, or remaining in a particular state; permanence, as of condition, habits, abode, etc.; perseverance; constancy; duration; stay. Great plagues, and of long continuence. Deut. xxviii. 59. Patient continuance i well-doing. Rom. ii. 7.

2. Uninterrupted succession; continuation; constant renewell; perpetuation; propagation. The brute immedistely regards his own preservation or the continuance of his species. Addison.

3. A holding together; continuity. [Obs.] Bacon.

4. (Law) (a) The adjournment of the proceedings in a cause from one day, or from one stated term of a court, to another. (b) The entry of such adjuornment and the grounds thereof on the record.

CONTINUANT
Con*tin"u*ant, a.

Defn: Continuing; prolonged; sustained; as, a continuant sound.
— n.

Defn: A continuant sound; a letter whose sound may be prolonged.

CONTINUATE
Con*tin"u*ate, a. Etym: [L. continuatus, p.p. See Continue.]

1. Immediately united together; intimately connocted. [R.] We are of Him and in Him, even as though our very flesh and bones should be made continuate with his. Hooker.

2. Uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; continued. An untirable and continuate goodness. Shak.

CONTINUATION
Con*tin`u*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. continuatio: cf. F. connuation.]

1. That act or state of continuing; the state of being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession; prolongation; propagation. Preventing the continuation of the royal line. Macaulay.

2. That which extends, increases, supplements, or carries on; as, the continuation of a story. My continuation of the version of Statius. Pope.

CONTINUATIVE
Con*tin"u*a*tive, n. Etym: [Cf. F. continuatif.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A term or expression denoting continuance. [R.] To these may be added continuatives; as, Rome remains to this day; which includes, at least, two propositions, viz., Rome was, and Rome is. I. Watts.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A word that continues the connection of sentences or subjects;
a connective; a conjunction.
Continuatives . . . consolidate sentences into one continuous whole.
Harris.

CONTINUATOR
Con*tin"u*a`tor, n. Etym: [Cf. F. continuateur.]

Defn: One who, or that which, continues; esp., one who continues a series or a work; a continuer. Sir T. Browne.

CONTINUE
Con*tin"ue, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Continued; p.pr. & vb.n. Continuing.]
Etym: [F. continuer, L. continuare, -tinuatum, to connect, continue,
fr. continuus. See Continuous, and cf. Continuate.]

1. To remain ina given place or condition; to remain in connection with; to abide; to stay. Here to continue, and build up here A growing empire. Milton. They continue with me now three days, and have nothing to eat. Matt. xv. 32.

2. To be permanent or durable; to endure; to last. But now thy kingdom shall not continue. 1 Sam. xiii. 14.

3. To be steadfast or constant in any course; to persevere; to abide; to endure; to persist; to keep up or maintain a particular condition, course, or series of actions; as, the army continued to advance. If ye continue in my word, then are ye my disciples indeed. John viii. 31.

Syn.
— To persevere; persist. See Persevere.

CONTINUE
Con*tin"ue, v. t.

1. To unite; to connect. [Obs.] the use of the navel is to continue the infant unto the mother. Sir T. browne.

2. To protract or extend in duration; to preserve or persist in; to cease not. O continue thy loving kindness unto them that know thee. Ps. xxxvi. 10. You know how to make yourself happy by only continuing such a life as you have been long acustomed to lead. Pope.

3. To carry onward or extend; to prolong or produce; to add to or draw out in length. A bridge of wond'rous length, From hell continued, reaching th' utmost orb of this frall world. Milton.

4. To retain; to suffer or cause to remain; as, the trustees were continued; also, to suffer to live. And how shall we continue Claudio. Shak.

CONTINUED
Con*tin"ued, p.p. & a.

Defn: Having extension of time, space, order of events, exertion of energy, etc.; extended; protacted; uninterrupted; also, resumed after interruption; extending through a succession of issues, session, etc.; as, a continued story. "Continued woe." Jenyns. "Continued succession." Locke. Continued bass (Mus.), a bass continued through an entire piece of music, while the other parts of the harmony are indicated by figures beneath the bass; the same as thorough bass or figured bass; basso continuo. [It.] — Continued fever (Med.), a fever which presents no interruption in its course. — Continued fraction (Math.), a fraction whose numerator is 1, and whose denominator is a whole number plus a fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a whole number, plus a fraction, and so on. — Continued proportion (Math.), a proportion composed of two or more equal ratios, in which the consequent of each preceding ratio is the same with the antecedent of the folowing one; as, 4 : 8 : 8 : 16 :: 16 : 32.

CONTINUEDLY
Con*tin"u*ed*ly ( or , adv.

Defn: Continuously.

CONTINUER
Con*tin"u*er, n.

Defn: One who continues; one who has the power of perseverance or persistence. "Indulgent continuers in sin." Hammond. I would my horse had the speed of your tongue, and so good a continuer. Shak.

CONTINUITY Con`ti*nu"i*ty, n.; pl. Continuities. Etym: [L. continuitas: cf. F. continuit. See Continuous.]

Defn: the state of being continuous; uninterupted connection or succession; close union of parts; cohesion; as, the continuity of fibers. Grew. The sight would be tired, if it were attracted by a continuity of glittering objects. Dryden. Law of continuity (Math. & Physics), the principle that nothing passes from one state to another without passing through all the intermediate states. — Solution of continuity. (Math.) See under Solution.

CONTINUO
Con*ti"nu*o ( or , n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Basso continuo, or continued bass.

CONTINUOUS Con*tin"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. continuus, fr. continere to hold together. See Continent.]

1. Without break, cessation, or interruption; without intervening space or time; uninterrupted; unbroken; continual; unceasing; constant; continued; protracted; extended; as, a continuous line of railroad; a continuous current of electricity. he can hear its continuous murmur. Longfellow.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Not deviating or varying from uninformity; not interrupted; not joined or articulated. Continuous brake (Railroad), a brake which is attached to each car a train, and can be caused to operate in all the cars simultaneously from a point on any car or on the engine. — Continuous impost. See Impost.

Syn. — Continuous, Continual. Continuous is the stronger word, and denotes that the continuity or union of parts is absolute and uninterrupted; as, a continuous sheet of ice; a continuous flow of water or of argument. So Daniel Webster speaks of "a continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." Continual, in most cases, marks a close and unbroken succession of things, rather than absolute continuity. Thus we speak of continual showers, implying a repetition with occasional interruptions; we speak of a person as liable to continual calls, or as subject to continual applications for aid, etc. See Constant.

CONTINUOUSLY
Con*tin"u*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a continuous maner; without interruption.
— Con*tin"u*ous*ness, n.

CONTLINE
Cont"line`, n.

1. (Ropemaking)

Defn: The space between the strands on the outside of a rope. Knight.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The space between the bilges of two casks stowed side by side.

CONTORNIATE; CONTORNIATE Con*tor"ni*ate, Con*tor"ni*a`te, n., Etym: [It. contorniato, p.pr. of contorniare to make a circuit or outline, fr. contorno circuit, outline. See Contour.] (Numis.)

Defn: A species of medal or medallion of bronze, having a deep furrow on the contour or edge; — supposed to have been struck in the days of Constantine and his successors. R. S. Poole.

CONTORSION
Con*tor"sion, n.

Defn: See Contortion.

CONTORT Con*tort", v. t. Etym: [L. contortus, p.p. of contorquere to twist; con- + torquere to twist. See Torture.]

Defn: To twist, or twist together; to turn awry; to bend; to distort;
to wrest.
The vertebral arteries are variously contorted. Ray.
Kant contorted the term category from the proper meaning of
attributed. Sir W. Hamilton.

CONTORTED
Con*tort"ed, a.

1. Twisted, or twisted together. "A contorted chain of icicles." Massinger.

2. (Bot.) (a) Twisted back upon itself, as some parts of plants. (b) Arranged so as to overlap each other; as, petals in contorted or convolute æstivation.

CONTORTION Con*tor"tion, n. Etym: [L. contortio: cf. F. contorsion. See Contort, and cf. Torsion.]

Defn: A twisting; a writhing; wry motion; a twist; as, the contortion of the muscles of the face. Swift. All the contortions of the sibyl, without the inspiration. Burke.

CONTORTIONIST
Con*tor"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes or practices contortions.

CONTORTIVE
Con*tor"tive, a.

Defn: Expressing contortion.

CONTORTUPLICATE Con`tor*tu"pli*cate, a. Etym: [L. contortuplicatus; contortus contorted + plicare to fold.] (Bot.)

Defn: Plaited lengthwise and twisted in addition, as the bud of the morning-glory. Gray.

CONTOUR Con*tour", n. Etym: [F. contour, fr. contourner to mark the outlines; con- + tourner to turn. See Turn.]

1. The outline of a figure or body, or the line or lines representing such an outline; the line that bounds; periphery. Titian's coloring and contours. A. Drummond.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The outline of a horizontal section of the ground, or of works of fortification. Contour feathers (Zoöl.), those feathers that form the general covering of a bird. — Contour of ground (Surv.), the outline of the surface of ground with respect to its undulation, etc. — Contour line (Topographical Suv.), the line in which a horizontal plane intersects a portion of ground, or the corresponding line in a map or chart.

CONTOURNE
Con`tour`ne, a. Etym: [F., p.p. of contourner to twist.] (Her.)

Defn: Turned in a direction which is not the usual one; — said of an animal turned to the sinister which is usually turned to the dexter, or the like.

CONTOURNIATED
Con*tour"ni*a`ted, a. Etym: [Cf. Contorniate.] (Numis.)

Defn: Having furrowed edges, as if turned in a lathe.

CONTRA
Con"tra.

Defn: A Latin adverb and preposition, signifying against, contrary, in opposition, etc., entering as a prefix into the composition of many English words. Cf. Counter, adv. & pref.

CONTRABAND Con"tra*band, n. Etym: [It. contrabando; contra + bando ban, proclamation: cf. F. contrebande. See Ban an edict.]

1. Illegal or prohobited traffic. Persons the most bound in duty to prevent contraband, and the most interested in the seizures. Burke.

2. Goods or merchandise the importation or exportation of which is forbidden.

3. A negro slave, during the Civil War, escaped to, or was brought within, the Union lines. Such slave was considered contraband of war. [U.S.] Contraband of war, that which, according to international law, cannot be supplied to a hostile belligerent except at the risk of seizure and condemnation by the aggrieved belligerent. Wharton.

CONTRABAND
Con"tra*band, a.

Defn: Prohibited or excluded by law or treaty; forbidden; as, contraband goods, or trade. The contraband will always keep pace, in some measure, with the fair trade. Burke.

CONTRABAND
Con"tra*band, v. t.

1. To import illegaly, as prohibited goods; to smuggle. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. To declare prohibited; to forbid. [Obs.] The law severly contrabands Our taking business of men's hands. Hudibras.

CONTRABANDISM
Con"tra*band*ism, n.

Defn: Traffic in contraband gods; smuggling.

CONTRABANDIST
Con"tra*band`ist, n.

Defn: One who traffic illegaly; a smuggler.

CONTRABASS
Con`tra*bass"

Defn: , n. (Mus.) Double bass; — applied to any instrument of the same deep range as the stringed double bass; as, the contrabass ophicleide; the cotrabass tuba or bombardon.

CONTRABASSO
Con`tra*bas"so, n. Etym: [It. contrabasso.] (Mus.)

Defn: The largest kind of bass viol. See Violone.

CONTRACT
Con*tract", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contracted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contracting.] Etym: [L. contractus, p.p. of contrahere to contract;
con- + trahere to draw: cf. F. contracter. See Trace, and cf.
Contract, n.]

1. To draw together or nearer; to reduce to a less compass; to shorten, narrow, or lesen; as, to contract one's shpere of action. In all things desuetude doth contract and narrow our faculties. Dr. H. More.

2. To draw together so as to wrinkle; to knit. Thou didst contract and purse thy brow. Shak.

3. To bring on; to incur; to acquire; as, to contract a habit; to contract a debt; to contract a disease. Each from each contract new strength and light. Pope. Such behavior we contract by having much conversed with persons of high statiSwift.

4. To enter into, with mutual obligations; to make a bargain or covenant for. We have contracted an inviolable amity, peace, and lague with the aforesaid queen. Hakluyt. Many persons . . . had contracted marriage within the degrees of consanguinity . . . prohibited by law. Strype.

5. To betroth; to affiance. The truth is, she and I, long since contracted, Are now so sure, that nothing can dissolve us. Shak.

6. (Gram.)

Defn: To shorten by omitting a letter or letters or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one.

Syn. — To shorten; abridge; epitomize; narrow; lessen; condense; reduce; confine; incur; assume.

CONTRACT
Con*tract", v. i.

1. To be drawn together so as to be diminished in size or extent; to shrink; to be reduced in compass or in duration; as, iron contracts in cooling; a rope contracts when wet. Years contracting to a moment. Wordsworth.

2. To make an agreement; to covenant; to agree; to bargain; as, to contract for carrying the mail.

CONTRACT
Con"tract, a.

Defn: Contracted: as, a contract verb. Goodwin.

CONTRACT
Con*tract", a. Etym: [L. contractus, p.p.]

Defn: Contracted; affianced; betrothed. [Obs.] Shak.

CONTRACT Con"tract, n. Etym: [L. contractus, fr. contrahere: cf. F. contrat, formerly also contract.]

1. (Law)

Defn: The agreement of two or more persons, upon a sufficient consideration or cause, to do, or to abstain from doing, some act; an agreement in which a party undertakes to do, or not to do, a particular thing; a formal bargain; a compact; an interchange of legal rights. Wharton.

2. A formal writing which contains the agreement of parties, with the terms and conditions, and which serves as a proof of the obligation.

3. The act of formally betrothing a man and woman. This is the the night of the contract. Longwellow.

Syn. — Covenant; agreement; compact; stipulation; bargain; arrangement; obligation. See Covenant.

CONTRACTED
Con*tract"ed, a.

1. Drawn together; shrunken; wrinkled; narrow; as, a contracted brow; a contracted noun.

2. Narrow; illiberal; selfish; as, a contracted mind; contracted views.

3. Bargained for; betrothed; as, a contracted peace. Inquire me out contracted bachelors. Shak.

CONTRACTEDNESS
Con*tract"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being contracted; narrowness; meannes; selfishness.

CONTRACTIBILITY
Con*tract`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being contracted; quality of being contractible; as, the contractibiliy and dilatability of air. Arbuthnot.

CONTRACTIBLE
Con*tract"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of contraction.
Small air bladders distable and contractible. Arbuthnot.

CONTRACTIBLENESS
Con*tract"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Contractibility.

CONTRACTILE
Con*tract"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. contractile.]

Defn: tending to contract; having the power or property of contracting, or of shrinking into shorter or smaller dimensions; as, the contractile tissues. The heart's contractile force. H. Brooke. Each cilium seems to be composed of contractile substance. Hixley. Contractile vacuole (Zoöl.), a pulsating cavity in the interior of a protozoan, supposed to be excretory in function. There may be one, two, or more.

CONTRACTILITY
Con`trac*til"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or property by which bodies shrink or contract.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The power possessed by the fibers of living muscle of contracting or shortening.

Note: When subject to the will, as in the muscles of locomotion, such power is called voluntary contractility; when not controlled by the will, as in the muscles of the heart, it is involuntary contractility.

CONTRACTION
Con*trac"tion, n. Etym: [L. contractio: cf. F. contraction.]

1. The act or process of contracting, shortening, or shrinking; the state of being contracted; as, contraction of the heart, of the pupil of the eye, or of a tendion; the contraction produced by cold.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The process of shortening an operation.

3. The act of incurring or becoming subject to, as liabilities, obligation, debts, etc.; the process of becoming subject to; as, the contraction of a disease.

4. Something contracted or abbreviated, as a word or phrase; — as, plenipo for plenipotentiary; crim. con. for criminal conversation, etc.

5. (Gram.)

Defn: The shortening of a word, or of two words, by the omission of a letter or letters, or by reducing two or more vowels or syllables to one; as, ne'er for never; can't for can not; don't for do not; it's for it is.

6. A marriage contract. [Obs.] Shak.

CONTRACTIVE
Con*tract"ive, a.

Defn: Tending to contract; having the property or power or power of contracting.

CONTRACTOR
Con*tract"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who contracts; one of the parties to a bargain; one who covenants to do anything for another; specifically, one who contracts to perform work on a rather large scale, at a certain price or rate, as in building houses or making a railroad.

CONTRACT SYSTEM
Con"tract sys"tem.

1. The sweating system.

2. The system of employing convicts by selling their labor (to be performed inside the prison) at a fixed price per day to contractors who are allowed to have agents in the prison to superintend the work.

CONTRACT TABLET
Con"tract tablet. (Babylonian & Assyrian Antiq.)

Defn: A clay tablet on which was inscribed a contract, for safe keeping. Such tablets were inclosed in an outer case (often called the envelope), on which was inscribed a duplicate of the inscription on the inclosed tablet.

CONTRACTURE
Con*trac"ture, n. Etym: [L. contractura a drawing together.] (Med.)

Defn: A state of permanent rigidity or contraction of the muscles, generally of the flexor muscles.

CONTRADANCE
Con"tra*dance`, n. Etym: [Pref. contra- + dance: cf. F. contrdance.
Cf. Country-dance.]

Defn: A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in opposite lines.

CONTRADICT
Con`tra*dict", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contradicted; p.pr. & vb.n
Contradicting.] Etym: [L. contradictus, p.p. of contradicere to speak
against; contra + dicere to speak. See Diction.]

1. To assert the contrary of; to oppose in words; to take issue with; to gainsay; to deny the truth of, as of a statement or a speaker; to impugn. Dear Duff, I prithee, contradict thyself, And say it is not so. Shak. The future can not contradict the past. Wordsworth.

2. To be contrary to; to oppose; to resist. [Obs.]
No truth can contradict another truth. Hooker.
A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted our intents.
Shak.

CONTRADICT
Con`tra*dict, v. i.

Defn: To oppose in words; to gainsay; to deny, or assert the contrary
of, something.
They . . . spake against those things which were spoken by Paul,
contradicting and blaspheming. Acts xiii. 45.

CONTRADICTABLE
Con`tra*dict"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contradicting.

CONTRADICTER
Con`tra*dict"er, n.

Defn: one who contradicts. Swift.

CONTRADICTION Con`tra*dic"tion, n. Etym: [L. contradictio answer, objection: cf. F. contradiction.]

1. An assertion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed; denial of the truth of a statement or assertion; contrary declaration; gainsaying. His fair demands Shall be accomplished without contradiction. Shak.

2. Direct opposition or repugnancy; inconsistency; incongruity or contrariety; one who, or that which, is inconsistent. can be make deathless death That were to make Strange contradiction. Milton. We state our experience and then we come to a manly resolution of acting in contradiction to it. Burke. Both parts of a contradiction can not possibly be true. Hobbes. Of contradictions infinite the slave. Wordsworth. Principle of contradiction (Logic), the axiom or law of thought that a thing cannot be and not be at the same time, or a thing must either be or not be, or the same attribute can not at the same time be affirmed and and denied of the same subject. It develops itself in three specific forms which have been called the "Three Logical Axioms." First. "A is A." Second, "A is not Not-A" Third, "Everything is either A or Not-A."

CONTRADICTIONAL
Con`tra*dic"tion*al, a.

Defn: Contradictory; inconsistent; opposing. [R.] Milton.

CONTRADICTIOUS
Con`tra*dic"tious, a.

1. Filled with contradictions; inconsistent. [Obs.]

2. Inclined to contradict or cavil [Obs.] Sharp.
— Con`tra*dic"tious*ness, n. Norris.

CONTRADICTIVE
Con`tra*dict"ive, a.

Defn: Contradictory; inconsistent.
— Con`tra*dict"ive*ly, adv..

CONTRADICTOR
Con`tra*dict"or, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A contradicter.

CONTRADICTORILY
Con`tra*dict"o*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a contradictory manner. Sharp.

CONTRADICTORINESS
Con"tra*dict`o*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being contradictory; opposition; inconsistency.
J. Whitaker.

CONTRADICTORY Con`tra*dict"o*ry, a. Etym: [LL. contradictorius: cf. F. contradictoire.]

1. Affirming the contrary; implying a denial of what has been asserted; also, mutually contradicting; inconsistent. "Contradictory assertions." South.

2. Opposing or opposed; repugnant. Schemes . . . contradictory to common sense. Addisn.

CONTRADICTORY
Con`tra*dict"o*ry, n.; pl. Contradictories (.

1. A proposition or thing which denies or opposes another; contrariety. It is common with princes to will contradictories. Bacon.

2. pl. (Logic)

Defn: propositions with the same terms, but opposed to each other both in quality and quantity.

CONTRADISTINCT
Con`tra*dis*tinct", a.

Defn: Distinguished by opposite qualities. J. Goodwin.

CONTRADISTINCTION
Con`tra*dis*tinc"tion, n.

Defn: Distinction by contrast. That there are such things as sins of infirmity in contradistinction to those of presumption is not to be questioned. South.

CONTRADISTINCTIVE
Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive, a.

Defn: having the quality of contradistinction; distinguishing by
contrast.
— Con`tra*dis*tinc"tive, n.

CONTRADISTINGUISH
Con`tra*dis*tin"guish (; 144), v. t. [imp & p. p.
Contradistinguished; p. pr. & vb. n. Contradistinguishing.]

Defn: To distinguish by a contrast of opposite qualities.
These are our complex ideas of soul and body, as contradistinguished.
Locke.

CONTRAFAGETTO
Con`tra*fa*get"to, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: The double bassoon, an octave deeper than the bassoon.

CONTRAFISSURE
Con`tra*fis"sure, n. (Med.)

Defn: A fissure or fracture on the side opposite to that which received the blow, or at some distance from it. Coxe.

CONTRAHENT
Con"tra*hent, a. Etym: [L. contrahens, p.pr. See Contract.]

Defn: Entering into covenant; contracting; as, contrahent parties.
[Obs.] Mede.

CONTRAINDICANT
Con"tra*in"di*cant, n. (Med.)

Defn: Something, as a symptom, indicating that the usual mode of treatment is not to be followed. Burke.

CONTRAINDICATE Con"tra*in*"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contraindicated; p.pr. & vb.n. Contraindicating.] (Med.)

Defn: To indicate, as by a symptom, some method of treatment contrary to that which the general tenor of the case would seem to require. Contraindicating symptoms must be observed. Harvey.

CONTRAINDICATION
Con"tra*in`di*ca"tion, n. (med.)

Defn: An indication or symptom which forbids the method of treatment usual in such cases.

CONTRALTO Con*tral"to ( or , n. Etym: [It., fr. contra + alto. See Alto.] (Mus.) (a) The part sung by the highest male or lowest female voices; the alto or counter tenor. (b) the voice or singer performing this part; as, her voice is a contralto; she is a contralto.

Note: The usual range of the contralto voice is from G, below middle
C, to the C above that; though exceptionally it embraces two octaves.

CONTRALTO
Con*tral"to ( or , a. (Mus.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a contralto, or to the part in music called contralto; as, a contralto voice.

CONTRAMURE
Con"tra*mure, n. Etym: [Cf. Countermure.] (fort.)

Defn: An outer wall. [Obs.] Chambers.

CONTRANATURAL
Con"tra*nat"u*ral, a. Etym: [Cf. Counternatural.]

Defn: Opposed to or against nature; unnatural. [R.] Bp. Rust.

CONTRAPLEX
Con"tra*plex, a. [Contra- + -plex as in duplex.] (Teleg.)

Defn: Pertaining to the sending of two messages in opposite directions at the same time.

CONTRAPOSITION Con"tra*po*si"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. contra- + position: cf. f. conterposition.]

1. A placing over against; opposite position. [Obs.] F. Potter.

2. (Logic)

Defn: A so-called immediate inference which consists in denying the original subject of the contradictory predicate; e.g.: Every S is P; therefore, no Not-P is S.

CONTRAPTION
Con*trap"tion, n.

Defn: A contrivance; a new-fangled device; — used scornfully.
[Colloq. or Dial.] — Con*trap"tious (#), a.

We all remember some of the extraordinary contraptions which have been thus evolved and put upon the market. F. M. Ware.

CONTRAPUNTAL
Con`tra*pun"tal, a. Etym: [It. contrappunto counterpoint. See
Counterpoint.] (Mus.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or according to the rules of, counterpoint.

CONTRAPUNTIST
Con`tra*pun"tist, n. Etym: [It. contrappuntista.] (Mus.)

Defn: One skilled in counterpoint. L. Mason.

CONTRAREMONSTRANT
Con"tra*re*mon"strant, n.

Defn: One who remonstrates in opposition or answer to a remonstraint.
[R.]
They did the synod wrong to make this distinction of
contraremonstrants and remonstrants. Hales.

CONTRARIANT Con*tra"ri*ant, a. Etym: [LL. contrarians, p.pr. of contrariare to oppose, fr. L. contrarius: cf. F. contrariant, p.pr. of contrarier to contradict. See Contrary.]

Defn: Contrary; opposed; antagonistic; inconsistent; contradictory.
[R.]
The struggles of contrariant factions. Coleridge.

CONTRARIANTLY
Con*tra"ri*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: Contrarily. [Obs.]

CONTRARIES
Con"tra*ries ( or , n. pl. Etym: [Pl. of Contrary, n.] (Logic)

Defn: Propositions which directly and destructively contradict each other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish the truth of the other. If two universals differ in quality, they are contraries; as, every vine is a tree; no vine is a tree. These can never be both true together; but they may be both false. I. Watts.

CONTRARIETY Con`tra*ri"e*ty n.; pl. Contrarieties. Etym: [L. contrarietas: cf. F. contrariété.]

1. The state or quality of being contrary; opposition; repugnance; disagreement; antagonism. There is a contrariety between those things that conscience inclines to, and those that entertain the senses. South.

2. Something which is contrary to, or inconsistent with, something else; an inconsistency. How can these contrarieties agree Shak.

Syn.
— Inconsistency; discrepancy; repugnance.

CONTRARILY
Con"tra*ri*ly or

Defn: (adv. In a contrary manner; in opposition; on the other side; in opposite ways.

CONTRARINESS
Con"tra*ri*ness, n.

Defn: state or quality of being contrary; opposition; inconsistency; contrariety; perverseness; obstinancy.

CONTRARIOUS Con*tra"ri*ous, a. Etym: [LL. contrariosus: cf. OF. contrarios contralius.]

Defn: Showing contrariety; repugnant; perverse. [Archaic] Milton.
She flew contrarious in the face of God. Mrs. Browning.

CONTRARIOUSLY
Con*tra"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: Contrarily; oppositely. Shak.

CONTRARIWISE
Con"tra*ri*wise ( or , adv.

1. On the contrary; oppositely; on the other hand. Not rendering evil for evil, or railing for railing; but contrariwise, blessing. 1 Pet. iii. 9.

2. In a contrary order; conversely. Everything that acts upon the fluids must, at the same time, act upon the solids, and contrariwise. Arbuthnot.

CONTRAROTATION
Con`tra*ro*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Circular motion in a direction contrary to some other circular motion.

CONTRARY Con"tra*ry ( or ; 48), a. Etym: [OE. contrarie, contraire, F. contraire, fr. L. contrarius, fr. contra. See Contra-.]

1. Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse; as,
contrary winds.
And if ye walk contrary unto me, and will not hearken unto me. Lev.
xxvi. 21.
We have lost our labor; they are gone a contrary way. Shak.

2. Opposed; contradictory; repugnant; inconsistent. Fame, if not double-faced, is double mouthed, And with contrary blast proclaims most deeds. Milton. The doctrine of the earth's motion appeared to be contrary to the sacred Scripture. Whewell.

3. Given to opposition; perverse; forward; wayward; as, a contrary disposition; a contrary child.

4. (Logic)

Defn: Affirming the opposite; so opposed as to destroy each other; as, contrary propositions. Contrary motion (Mus.), the progression of parts in opposite directions, one ascending, the other descending.

Syn.
— Adverse; repugnant; hostile; inimical; discordant; inconsistent.

CONTRARY
Con"tra*ry, n.; pl. Contraries (.

1. A thing that is of contrary or opposite qualities. No contraries hold more antipathy Than I and such a knave. Shak.

2. An opponent; an enemy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. the opposite; a proposition, fact, or condition incompatible with another; as, slender proofs which rather show the contrary. See Converse, n., 1. Locke.

4. (Logic)

Defn: See Contraries. On the contrary, in opposition; on the other
hand. Swift.
— To the contrary, to an opposite purpose or intent; on the other
side. "They did it, not for want of instruction to the contrary." Bp.
Stillingfleet.

CONTRARY
Con"tra*ry, v. t. Etym: [F. contrarier. See Contrary, a.]

Defn: To contradict or oppose; to thwart. [Obs.]
I was advised not to contrary the king. Bp. Latimer.

CONTRAST
Con*trast", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Contrasted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contrasting.] Etym: [F. contraster, LL. contrastare to resist,
withstand, fr. L. contra + stare to stand. See Stand.]

Defn: To stand in opposition; to exhibit difference, unlikeness, or
opposition of qualities.
The joints which divide the sandstone contrast finely with the
divisional planes which separate the basalt into pillars. Lyell.

CONTRAST
Con*trast", v. t.

1. To set in opposition, or over against, in order to show the differences between, or the comparative excellences and defects of; to compare by difference or contrariety of qualities; as, to contrast the present with the past.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To give greater effect to, as to a figure or other object, by putting it in some relation of opposition to another figure or object. the figures of the groups must not be all on side . . . but must contrast each other by their several position. Dryden.

CONTRAST
Con"trast, n. Etym: [F. contraste: cf. It. contrasto.]

1. The act of contrasting, or the state of being contrasted; comparison by contrariety of qualities. place the prospect of the soul In sober contrast with reality. Wordsworth.

2. Opposition or dissimilitude of things or qualities; unlikeness, esp. as shown by juxtaposition or comparison. The contrasts and resemblances of the seasons. Whewell.

3. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The opposition of varied forms, colors, etc., which by such juxtaposition more vividly express each other's pecularities. Fairholt.

CONTRASTIMULANT
Con`tra*stim"u*lant, a.

Defn: Counteracting the effects of stimulants; relating to a course of medical treatment based on a theory of contrastimulants. — n. (Med.)

Defn: An agent which counteracts the effect of a stimulant.

CONTRATE
Con"trate, a. Etym: [See Contra-.]

Defn: Having cogs or teeth projecting parallel to the axis, instead of radiating from it. [R.] Contrate wheel. See Crown wheel.

CONTRATENOR
Con"tra*ten`or, n. Etym: [Cf. Counter tenor.] (Mus.)

Defn: Counter tenor; contralto.

CONTRAVALLATION Con`tra*val*la"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. contra- + vallation: cf. F. contrevallation. Cf. Countervallation.] (Fort.)

Defn: A trench guarded with a parapet, constructed by besiegers, to secure themselves and check sallies of the besieged.

CONTRAVENE
Con`tra*vene", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contravened; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contravening.] Etym: [LL. contravenire; L. contra + venire to come:
cf. F. contrevenir. See Come.]

1. To meet in the way of opposition; to come into conflict with; to oppose; to contradict; to obstruct the operation of; to defeat. So plain a proposition . . . was not likely to be contravened. Southey.

2. To violate; to nullify; to be inconsistent with; as, to contravene a law. Laws that place the subjects in such a state contravene the first principles of the compact of authority. Johnson.

Syn. — To contradict; set aside; nullify; defeat; cross; obstruct; baffle; thwart.

CONTRAVENER
Con`tra*ven"er, n.

Defn: One who contravenes.

CONTRAVENTION
Con`tra*ven"tion, n. Etym: [Cf.F. contravention.]

Defn: The act of contravening; opposition; obstruction;
transgression; violation.
Warrants in contravention of the acts of Parliament. Macaulay.
In contravention of all his marriage stipulations. Motley.

CONTRAVERSION
Con`tra*ver"sion, n.

Defn: A turning to the opposite side; antistrophe. Congreve.

CONTRAYERVA Con`tra*yer"va, n. Etym: [Sp. contrayerba, literally, a counter herb, hence, an antidote for poison, fr. l. contra + herba herb.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Dorstenia (D. Contrayerva), a South American plant, the aromatic root of which is sometimes used in medicine as a gentle stimulant and tonic.

CONTRECOUP Con`tre*coup", n. Etym: [F., fr. contre (L. contra) + coup a blow.] (med.)

Defn: A concussion or shock produced by a blow or other injury, in a part or region opposite to that at which the blow is received, often causing rupture or disorganisation of the parts affected.

CONTREDANSE
Con"tre*danse`, n. [Cf. F. contredanse (fr. E. Country-dance). ]

1.
(a) A dance in which the partners are arranged face to face, or in
opposite lines.
(b) The quadrille. [Obs.]

2. (Music) A piece of music in the rhythm of such a dance.

CONTRETEMPS
Con`tre*temps", n. Etym: [F., fr. contre (L. conta) + temps time, fr.
L. tempus.]

Defn: An unexpected and untoward accident; something inopportune or
embarassing; a hitch.
In this unhappy contretemps. De Quincey.

CONTRIBUTABLE
Con*trib"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contributed.

CONTRIBUTARY
Con*trib"u*ta*ry, a.

1. Contributory. [R.]

2. Tributary; contributing. [R.] It was situated on the Ganges, at the place where this river received a contributary stream. D'Anville (Trans. ).

CONTRIBUTE
Con*trib"ute, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contributed; p.pr. & vb.n.
Contributing.] Etym: [L. contributus, p.p. of contribuere to bring
together, to add; con- + tribuere to grant, impart. See Tribute.]

Defn: To give or grant i common with others; to give to a common stock or for a common purpose; to furnish or suply in part; to give (money or other aid) for a specified object; as, to contribute food or fuel for the poor. England contributes much more than any other of the allies. Addison.

CONTRIBUTE
Con*trib"ute, v. i.

1. To give a part to a common stock; to lend assistance or aid, or give something, to a common purpose; to have a share in any act or effect. We are engaged in war; the secretary of state calls upon the colonies to contribute. Burke.

2. To give or use one's power or influence for any object; to assist. These men also contributed to obstruct the progress of wisdom. Goldsmith.

CONTRIBUTION
Con`tri*bu"tion, n. Etym: [L. contributio: cf. F. contribution.]

1. The act of contributing.

2. That which is contributed; — either the portion which an individual furnishes to the common stock, or the whole which is formed by the gifts of individuals. A certain contribution for the poor saints which are at jerusalem. Rom. xv. 26. Aristotle's actual contributions to the physical sciences. Whewell.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: An irregular and arbitrary imposition or tax leved on the people of a town or country. These sums, . . . and the forced contributions paid by luckless peasants, enabled him to keep his straggling troops together. Motley.

4. (Law)

Defn: Payment, by each of several jointly liable, of a share in a loss suffered or an amount paid by one of their number for the common benefit.

CONTRIBUTIONAL
Con`tri*bu"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or furnishing, a contribution.

CONTRIBUTION PLAN
Con`tri*bu"tion plan. (Life Insurance)

Defn: A plan of distributing surplus by giving to each policy the excess of premiums and interest earned thereon over the expenses of management, cost of insurance, and the policy value at the date of computation. This excess is called the contribution of the policy.

CONTRIBUTIVE
Con*trib"u*tive, a.

Defn: Contributing, or tending to contribute. Fuller.

CONTRIBUTOR
Con*trib"u*tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, contributes; specifically, one who writes articles for a newspaper or magazine.

CONTRIBUTORY
Con*trib"u*to*ry, a.

Defn: Contributing to the same stock or purpose; promoting the same end; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock; contributive. Milton. Bonfires of contributory wood. Chapman. Contributory negligence (Law), negligence by an injured party, which combines with the negligence of the injurer in producing the injury, and which bars recovery when it is the proximate cause of the injury. Wharton.

CONTRIBUTORY
Con*trib"u*to*ry, n.; pl. Contributories (.

Defn: One who contributes, or is liable to be called upon to contribute, as toward the discharge of a common indebtedness. Abbott.

CONTRIST
Con*trist", v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. contrister. See Contristate.]

Defn: To make sad. [Obs.]
To deject and contrist myself. Sterne.

CONTRISTATE Con*tris"tate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. contristatus, p.p. of contristare to sadden; con- + tristis sad.]

Defn: To make sorrowful. [Obs.] Bacon.

CONTRITE
Con"trite, a. Etym: [L. contritus bruised, p. p. of contrere to
grind, bruise; con- + terere to rub, grind: cf. F. contrit See
Trite.]

1. Thoroughly bruised or broken. [Obs.]

2. Broken down with grief and penitence; deeply sorrowful for sin because it is displeasing to God; humbly and thoroughly penitent. A contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not despise. Ps. li. 17. Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.

Syn.
— Penitent; repentant; humble; sorrowful.

CONTRITE
Con"trite, n.

Defn: A contrite person. Hooker.

CONTRITE
Con"trite, v.

Defn: In a contrite manner.

CONTRITENESS
Con"trite`ness, n.

Defn: Deep sorrow and penitence for sin; contrition.

CONTRITION
Con*tri"tion, n. Etym: [F. contrition, L. contritio.]

1. The act of grinding or ribbing to powder; attrition; friction;
rubbing. [Obs.]
The breaking of their parts into less parts by contrition. Sir I.
Newton.

2. The state of being contrite; deep sorrow and repentance for sin, because sin is displeasing to God; humble penitence; through repentance. My future days shall be one whole contrition. Dryden.

Syn. — repentance; penitence; humiliation; compunction; self-reproach; remorse. — Contrition, Attrition, repentance. — Contrition is deep sorrow and self-condemnation, with through repetance for sin because it is displeasing to God, and implies a feeling of love toward God. Attrition is sorrow for sin, or imperfect repentance produced by fear of punishment or a sense of the baseness of sin. Repentance is a penitent renunciation of, and turning from, sin; thorough repentance produces a new life. Repentance is often used as synonymous with contrition. See Compunction.

CONTRITURATE
Con*trit"u*rate, v. t.

Defn: To triturate; to pulverize. [R.]

CONTRIVABLE
Con*triv"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being contrived, planned, invented, or devised.
A perpetual motion may seem easily contrivable. Bp. Wilkins.

CONTRIVANCE
Con*triv"ance, n.

1. The act or faculty of contriving, inventing, devising, or planning. The machine which we are inspecting demonstrates, by its construction, contrivance and design. Contrivance must have had a contriver. Paley.

2. The thing contrived, invented, or planned; disposition of parts or causes by design; a scheme; plan; atrifice; arrangement. Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Burke.

Syn. — Device; plan; scheme; invention; machine; project; design; artifice; shift. See Device.

CONTRIVE
Con*trive", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contrived; p.pr. & vb.n. Contriving.]
Etym: [OE. contriven, contreven, controven, to invent, OF. controver,
contruver; con- + trouver to find. See Troubadour, trover.]

Defn: To form by an exercise of ingenuity; to devise; to invent; to design; to plan. What more likely to contrive this admirable frame of the universe than infinite wisdom. Tillotson. neither do thou imagine that I shall contrive aught against his life. Hawthorne.

Syn.
— To invent; discover; plan; design; project; plot; concert; hatch.

CONTRIVE
Con*trive", v. i.

Defn: To make devices; to form designs; to plan; to scheme; to plot.
The Fates with traitors do contrive. Shak.
Thou hast contrived against th very life Of the defendant. Shak.

CONTRIVEMENT
Con*trive"ment, n.

Defn: Contrivance; invention; arrangement; design; plan. [Obs.]
Consider the admirable contrivement and artifice of this great
fabric. Glanvill.
Active to meet their contrivements. Sir G. Buck.

CONTRIVER
Con*triv"er, n.

Defn: One who contrives, devises, plans, or schemas. Swift.

CONTROL Con*trol", n. Etym: [F. contrôle a counter register, contr. fr. contr-rôle; contre (L. contra) + rôle roll, catalogue. See Counter and Roll, and cf. Counterroll.]

1. A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or register; a counter register. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder; restraint. "Speak without control." Dryden.

3. Power or authority to check or restrain; restraining or regulating influence; superintendence; government; as, children should be under parental control. The House of Commons should exercise a control over all the departments of the executive administration. Macaulay. Board of control. See under Board.

CONTROL
Con*trol", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Controlled; p.pr. & vb.n. Controlling.]
Etym: [F. contrôler, fr. contrôle.] [Formerly written comptrol and
controul.]

1. To check by a counter register or duplicate account; to prove by counter statements; to confute. [Obs.] This report was controlled to be false. Fuller.

2. To exercise restraining or governing influence over; to check; to counteract; to restrain; to regulate; to govern; to overpower. Give me a staff of honor for mine age, But not a scepter to control the world. Shak. I feel my virtue struggling in my soul: But stronger passion does its power control. Dryden.

Syn. — To restrain; rule; govern; manage; guide; regulate; hinder; direct; check; curb; counteract; subdue.

CONTROLLABILITY
Con*trol`la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being controlled; controllableness.

CONTROLLABLE
Con*trol"la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being controlled, checked, or restrained; amenable
to command.
Passion is the drunkeness of the mind, and, therefore, . . . not
always controllable by reason. South.

CONTROLLABLENESS
Con*trol"la*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being controlled.

CONTROLLER
Con*trol"ler, n. Etym: [From control, v.t.: cf. F. contrôleur.]

1. One who, or that which, controls or restraines; one who has power or authority to regulate or control; one who governs. The great controller of our fate Deigned to be man, and lived in low estate. Dryden.

2. An officer appointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or to examine, rectify, or verify accounts. [More commonly written controller.]

3. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron block, usually bolted to a ship's deck, for controlling the running out of a chain cable. The links of the cable tend to drop into hollows in the block, and thus hold fast until disengaged.

CONTROLLERSHIP
Con*trol"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a controller.

CONTROLMENT
Con*trol"ment, n.

1. The power or act of controlling; the state of being rstrained; control; restraint; regulation; superintendence. You may do it without controlment. Shak.

2. Opposition; resistance; hostility. [Obs.] Here have we war for war, and blood for blood, Controlment for controlment. Shak.

CONTROVERSAL
Con`tro*ver"sal, a.

1. Turning or looking opposite ways. [Obs.] The temple of Janus, with his two controversal faces. Milton.

2. Controversal. [Obs.] Boyle.

CONTROVERSARY
Con`tro*ver"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Controversial. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CONTROVERSE
Con"tro*verse, n. Etym: [Cf. F. controverse.]

Defn: Controversy. [Obs.] Spenser.

CONTROVERSE Con"tro*verse, v. t. Etym: [L. controversari, fr. controversus turned against, disputed.]

Defn: To dispute; to controvert. [Obs.] "Controversed causes."
Hooker.

CONTROVERSER
Con"tro*ver`ser, n.

Defn: A disputant. [Obs.]

CONTROVERSIAL
Con`tro*ver"sial, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. controversialis.]

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, controversy; disputatious; polemical; as, controversial divinity. Whole libraries of controversial books. Macaulay.

CONTROVERSIALIST
Con`tro*ver"sial*ist, n.

Defn: One who carries on a controversy; a disputant. He [Johnson] was both intellectually and morally of the stuff of which controversialists are made. Macaulay.

CONTROVERSIALLY
Con`tro*ver"sial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a controversial manner.

CONTROVERSION
Con`tro*ver"sion, n.

Defn: Act of controverting; controversy. [Obs.] Hooker.

CONTROVERSOR
Con"tro*ver`sor, n.

Defn: A controverser. [Obs.]

CONTROVERSY Con"tro*ver`sy, n.; pl. Controversies. Etym: [L. controversia, fr. controversus turned against, disputed; contro- = contra + versus, p.p. of vertere to turn. See Verse.]

1. Contention; dispute; debate; discussion; agitation of contrary
opinions.
This left no room for controversy about the title. Locke.
A dispute is commonly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson.

2. Quarrel; strife; cause of variance; difference. The Lord hath a controversy with the nations. Jer. xxv. 31.

3. A suit in law or equity; a question of right. [Obs.] When any man that had a controversy came to the king for judgment. 2 Sam. xv. 2.

Syn. — Dispute; debate; disputation; disagreement; altercation; contention; wrangle; strife; quarrel.

CONTROVERT
Con"tro*vert, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Controverted; p.pr. & vb.n.
Controverting.] Etym: [See Controversy.]

Defn: To make matter of controversy; to dispute or oppose by reasoning; to contend against in words or writings; to contest; to debate. Some controverted points had decided according to the sense of the best jurists. Macaulay.

CONTROVERTER
Con"tro*ver`ter, n.

Defn: One who controverts; a controversial writer; a
controversialist.
Some controverters in divinity are like swaggerers in a tavern. B.
Jonson.

CONTROVERTIBLE
Con`tro*ver"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being controverted; disputable; admitting of
question.
— Con`tro*ver"ti*bly, adv.

CONTROVERTIST
Con"tro*ver`tist, n.

Defn: One skilled in or given to controversy; a controversialist.
How unfriendly is the controvertist to the discernment of the critic!
Campbell.

CONTUBERNAL; CONTUBERNIAL Con*tu"ber*nal, Con`tu*ber"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. contubernalis a tent companion, fr. contubernium tent companionship.]

Defn: Living or messing together; familiar; in companionship.
Humble folk ben Christes friends: they ben contubernial with the
Lord, thy King. Chaucer.

CONTUMACIOUS
Con`tu*ma"cious, a. Etym: [L. contumax, -acis. See Contumacy.]

1. Exhibiting contumacy; contemning authority; obstinate; perverse; stubborn; disobedient. There is another very, efficacious method for subding the most obstinate, contumacious sinner. Hammond.

2. (Law)

Defn: Willfully disobedient to the summous or prders of a court.
Blackstone.

Syn.
— Stubborn; obstinate; obdurate; disobedient; perverse; unyielding;
headstrong.
— Con`tu*ma"cious*ly, adv.
— Con`tu*ma"cious*ness, n.

CONTUMACY
Con"tu*ma*cy, n.; pl. Contumacies. Etym: [L. contumacia, fr.
contumax, -acis, insolent; prob. akin to contemnere to despise: cf.
F. contumace. Cf. Contemn.]

1. Stubborn perverseness; pertinacious resistance to authority. The bishop commanded him . . . to be thrust into the stocks for his manifest and manifold contumacy. Strype.

2. (Law)

Defn: A willful contempt of, and disobedience to, any lawful summons, or to the rules and orders of court, as a refusal to appear in court when legally summoned.

Syn.
— Stubbornness; perverseness; obstinacy.

CONTUMELIOUS
Con`tu*me"li*ous (or ; 106), a. Etym: [L. contumeliosus.]

1. Exhibiting contumely; rudely contemptuous; insolent; disdainful. Scoffs, and scorns, and contumelious taunts. Shak. Curving a contumelious lip. Tennyson.

2. Shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
— Con`tu*me"li*ous*ly, adv.
— Con`tu*me"li*ous*ness, n.

CONTUMELY Con"tu*me*ly, n. Etym: [L. contumelia, prob. akin to contemnere to despise: cf. OF. contumelie. Cf. Contumacy.]

Defn: Rudeness compounded of haughtiness and contempt; scornful
insolence; despiteful treatment; disdain; contemptuousness in act or
speech; disgrace.
The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely. Shak.
Nothing aggravates tyranny so much as contumely. Burke.

CONTUSE
Con*tuse", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Contused; p.pr. & vb.n. Contusing.]
Etym: [L. contusus, p.p. of contundere to beat, crush; con- + tundere
to beat, akin to Skr. tud (for stud) to strike, Goth. stautan. See
Stutter.]

1. To beat, pound, or together. Roots, barks, and seeds contused together. Bacon.

2. To bruise; to injure or disorganize a part without breaking the skin. Contused wound, a wound attended with bruising.

CONTUSION
Con*tu"sion, n. Etym: [L. contusio: cf. F. contusion.]

1. The act or process of beating, bruising, or pounding; the state of being beaten or bruised.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A bruise; an injury attended with more or less disorganization of the subcutaneous tissue and effusion of blood beneath the skin, but without apparent wound.

CONUNDRUM
Co*nun"drum, n. Etym: [Origin unknown.]

1. A kind of riddle based upon some fanciful or fantastic resemblance between things quite unlike; a puzzling question, of which the answer is or involves a pun. Or pun ambiguous, or conundrum quaint. J. Philips.

2. A question to which only a conjectural answer can be made. Do you think life is long enough to let me speculate on conundrums like that W. Black.

CONURE
Co*nure", n. Etym: [NL. conurus, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American parrakeet of the genus Conurus. Many species are known. See Parrakeet.

CONUS
Co"nus, n. Etym: [L., a cone.]

1. A cone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Linnean genus of mollusks having a conical shell. See Cone, n., 4.

CONUSABLE
Con"u*sa*ble, a.

Defn: Cognizable; liable to be tried or judged. [Obs.] Bp. Barlow.

CONUSANT
Con"u*sant, a. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizant.

CONUSOR
Con`u*sor", n. (Law)

Defn: See Cognizor.

CONVALESCE
Con`va*lesce", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Convalesced; p.pr. & vb.n.
Convalescing.] Etym: [L. convalscere; con- + valescere to grow
strong, v. incho. of valere to be strong. See Vallant.]

Defn: To recover health and strength gradually, after sickness or weakness; as, a patient begins to convalesce.

CONVALESCED
Con`va*lesced", a.

Defn: Convalescent. [R.]
He found the queen somewhat convalesced. J. Knox.

CONVALESCENCE; CONVALESCENCY
Con`va*les"cence, Con`va*les"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. convalescentia: cf.
F. convalescence.]

Defn: The recovery of heath and strength after disease; the state of a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness; the time between the subsidence of a disease and complete restoration to health.

CONVALESCENT Con`va*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. convalescens, -entis, p.pr.: cf. F. convalescent.]

1. Recovering from siclness or debility; partially restored to health or strength.

2. Of or pertaining to convalescence.

CONVALESCENT
Con`va*les"cent, n.

Defn: One recovering from sickness.

CONVALESCENTLY
Con`va*les"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a convalescent; with increasing strength or vigor.

CONVALLAMARIN
Con*val"la*ma`rin, n. Etym: [Convalaria + L. amarus bitter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, poisonous substance, regarded as a glucoside, extracted from the lily of the valley (Convallaria Majalis). Its taste is first bitter, then sweet.

CONVALLARIA Con`val*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., from L. convallis a valley; con- + vallis valley.] (Bot. & Med.)

Defn: The lily of the valley.

CONVALLARIN
Con`val*la"rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline glucoside, of an irritating taste, extracted from the convallaria or lily of the valley.

CONVECTION Con*vec"tion, n. Etym: [L. convectio, fr. convehere to bring together; con- + vehere to carry.]

1. The act or process of conveying or transmitting.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A process of transfer or transmission, as of heat or electricity, by means of currents in liquids or gases, resulting from changes of temperature and other causes. Liquids are generally heated by convection — when heat is applied from bellow. Nichol.

CONVECTIVE
Con*vec"tive, a.

Defn: Caused or accomplished by convection; as, a convective discharge of electricity. Faraday.

CONVECTIVELY
Con*vec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convective manner. Hare.

CONVELLENT
Con*vel"lent, a. Etym: [L. convellens, p.pr. of convellere. See
Convulse.]

Defn: Tending to tear or pull up. [Obs.] The ends of the fragment . . . will not yield to the convellent force. Todd & Bowman.

CONVENABLE
Con*ven"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being convened or assembled.

CONVENABLE
Con"ve*na*ble, a. Etym: [F. convenable, fr. convenir. See Convene.]

Defn: Consistent; accordant; suitable; proper; as, convenable
remedies. [Obs.]
With his wod his work is convenable. Spenser.

CONVENANCE
Con"ve*nance, n. Etym: [F., fitness, suitableness.]

Defn: That which is suitable, agreeable, or convenient.
And they missed Their wonted convenance, cheerly hid the loss.
Emerson.

CONVENE
Con*vene", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Convened; p.pr. & vb.n. Convenong.]
Etym: [L. convenire; con- + venire to come: cf. F. convenir to agree,
to be fitting, OF. also, to assemble. See Come, and cf. Covenant.]

1. To come together; to meet; to unite. [R.] In shortsighted men . . . the rays converge and convene in the eyes before they come at the bottom. Sir I. Newton.

2. To come together, as in one body or for a public purpose; to meet;
to assemble. Locke.
The Parliament of Scotland now convened. Sir R. Baker.
Faint, underneath, the household fowls convene. Thomson.

Syn.
— To meet; to assemble; to congregate; to collect; to unite.

CONVENE
Con*vene", v. t.

1. To cause to assemble; to call together; to convoke. And now the almighty father of the gods Convenes a council in the blest abodes. Pope.

2. To summon judicially to meet or appear. By the papal canon law, clerks . . . can not be convened before any but an ecclesiastical judge. Ayliffe.

CONVENER
Con*ven"er, n.

1. One who convenes or meets with others. [Obs.]

2. One who calls an assembly together or convenes a meeting; hence, the chairman of a committee or other organized body. [Scot.]

CONVENIENCE; CONVENIENCY Con*ven"ience, Con*ven"ien*cy, n. Etym: [L. convenientia agreement, fitness. See Convenient.]

1. The state or quality of being convenient; fitness or suitableness, as of place, time, etc.; propriety. Let's futher think of this; Weigh what convenience both of time and means May fit us to our shape. Shak. With all brief and plain conveniency, Let me have judgment. Shak.

2. Freedom from discomfort, difficulty, or trouble; commodiousness; ease; accommodation. Thus necessity invented stools, Convenience next suggested elbow chairs. Cowper. We are rather intent upon the end of God's glory than our own conveniency. Jer. Taylor.

3. That which is convenient; that which promotes comfort or advantage; that which is suited to one's wants; an accommodation. A pair of spectacles and several other little conveniences. Swift.

4. A convenient or fit time; opportunity; as, to do something at one's convenience.

CONVENIENT Con*ven"ient, a. Etym: [L. conveniens, -entis, suitable, p.pr. of convenire to be suitable, to come. See Convene, v. i.]

1. Fit or adapted; suitable; proper; becoming; appropriate. [Archaic] Feed me with food convenient for me. Prov. xxx. 8. Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient. Eph. v. 4.

2. Affording accommodation or advantage; well adapted to use; handly; as, a convenient house; convenient implements or tools.

3. Seasonable; timely; opportune; as, a convenient occasion; a convenient season. Acts xxiv. 25.

4. Near at hand; easy of access. [Colloq.] Hereties used to be brought thither, convenient for burning. Thackeray.

Syn. — Fit; suitable; proper; adapted; fitted; suited; handly; commodious.

CONVENIENTLY
Con*ven"ient*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convenient manner, form, or situation; without difficulty.

CONVENT
Con"vent, n. Etym: [L. conventus a meeting, LL. also, a convent. See
Convene, v. i.]

1. A coming together; a meeting. [Obs.] A usual ceremony at their [the witches] convents or meetings. B. Jonson.

2. An association or community of recluses devoted to a religious life; a body of monks or nuns. One of our convent, and his [the duke's] confessor. Shak.

3. A house occupied by a community of religious recluses; a monastery or nunnery. One seldom finds in Italy a spot of ground more agreeable than ordinary that is not covered with a convent. Addison.

Syn.
— Nunnery; monastery; abbey. See Cloister.

CONVENT Con*vent", v. i. Etym: [L. conventus, p.p. of convenire. See Convene, v. i.]

1. To meet together; to concur. [obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. To be convenient; to serve. [Obs.] When that is known and golden time convents. Shak.

CONVENT
Con*vent", v. t.

Defn: To call before a judge or judicature; to summon; to convene.
[Obs.] Shak.

CONVENTICAL
Con*vent"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or from, or pertaining to, a convent. "Conventical wages."
Sterne. Conventical prior. See Prior.

CONVENTICLE Con*ven"ti*cle, n. Etym: [L. conventiculum, dim. of conventus: cf. F. conventicule. See Convent, n.]

1. A small assembly or gathering; esp., a secret assembly. They are commanded to abstain from all conventicles of men whatsoever. Ayliffe.

2. An assembly for religious worship; esp., such an assembly held privately, as in times of persecution, by Nonconformists or Dissenters in England, or by Covenanters in Scotland; — often used opprobriously, as if those assembled were heretics or schismatics. The first Christians could never have had recourse to nocturnal or clandestine conventicles till driven to them by the violence of persecution. Hammond. A sort of men who . . . attend its [the curch of England's] service in the morning, and go with their wives to a conventicle in the afternoon. Swift.

CONVENTICLER
Con*ven"ti*cler, n.

Defn: One who supports or frequents conventicles. Dryden.

CONVENTICLING
Con*ven"ti*cling, a.

Defn: Belonging or going to, or resembling, a conventicle. [Obs.]
Conventicling schools . . . set up and taught secretly by fanatics.
South.

CONVENTION Con*ven"tion, n. Etym: [L. conventio: cf. F. convention. See Convene, v. i.]

1. The act of coming together; the state of being together; union; coalition. The conventions or associations of several particles of matter into bodies of any certain denomination. Boyle.

2. General agreement or concurrence; arbitrary custom; usage;
conventionality.
There are thousands now Such women, but convention beats them down.
Tennyson.

3. A meeting or an assembly of persons, esp. of delegates or representatives, to accomplish some specific object, — civil, social, political, or ecclesiastical. He set himself to the making of good laws in a grand convention of his nobles. Sir R. Baker. A convention of delegates from all the States, to meet in Philadelphia, for the sole and express purpose of reserving the federal system, and correcting its defects. W. Irving.

4. (Eng. Hist)

Defn: An extraordinary assembly of the parkiament or estates of the realm, held without the king's writ, — as the assembly which restored Charles II. to the throne, and that which declared the throne to be abdicated by James II. Our gratitude is due . . . to the Long Parliament, to the Convention, and to William of Orange. Macaulay.

5. An agreement or contract less formal than, or preliminary to, a traety; an informal compact, as between commanders of armies in respect to suspension of hostilities, or between states; also, a formal agreement between governments or sovereign powers; as, a postal convetion between two governments. This convention, I think from my soul, is nothing but a stipulation for national ignominy; a truce without a suspension of hostilities. Ld. Chatham. The convention with the State of georgia has been ratified by their Legislature. T. Jefferson.

CONVENTIONAL
Con*ven"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. conventionalis: cf. F. conventionnel.]

1. Formed by agreement or compact; stipulated. Conventional services reserved by tenures upon grants, made out of the crown or knights' service. Sir M. Hale.

2. Growing out of, or depending on, custom or tacit agreement; sanctioned by general concurrence or usage; formal. "Conventional decorum." Whewell. The conventional language appropriated to monarchs. Motley. The ordinary salutations, and other points of social behavior, are conventional. Latham.

3. (Fine Arts) (a) Based upon tradition, whether religious and historical or of artistic rules. (b) Abstracted; removed from close representation of nature by the deliberate selection of what is to be represented and what is to be rejected; as, a conventional flower; a conventional shell. Cf. Conventionalize, v. t.

CONVENTIONALISM
Con*ven"tion*al*ism, n.

1. That which is received or established by convention or arbitrary agreement; that which is in accordance with the fashion, tradition, or usage. All the artifice and conventionalism of life. Hawthorne. They gaze on all with dead, dim eyes, — wrapped in conventionalisms, . . . simulating feelings according to a received standart. F. W. Robertson.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: The principles or practice of conventionalizing. See
Conventionalize, v. t.

CONVENTIONALIST
Con*ven"tion*al*ist, n.

1. One who adheres to a convention or treaty.

2. One who is governed by conventionalism.

CONVENTIONALITY
Con*ven`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Conventionalities (.

Defn: The state of being conventional; adherence to social formalities or usages; that which is established by conventional use; one of the customary usages of social life.

CONVENTIONALIZATION Con*ven`tion*al*i*za"tion, n. (Fine Arts) (a) The act of making conventional. (b) The state of being conventional.

CONVENTIONALIZE Con*ven"tion*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conventionalized; p.pr. & vb.n. Conventionalizing.]

1. To make conventional; to bring under the influence of, or cause to conform to, conventional rules; to establish by usage.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) To represent by selecting the important features and those which are expressible in the medium employed, and omitting the others. (b) To represent according to an established principle, whether religious or traditional, or based upon certain artistic rules of supposed importance.

CONVENTIONALIZE
Con*ven"tion*al*ize, v. i. (Fine Arts)

Defn: To make designs in art, according to conventional principles.
Cf. Conventionalize, v. t., 2.

CONVENTIONALLY
Con*ven"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a conventional manner.

CONVENTIONARY
Con*ven"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Acting under contract; settled by express agreement; as, conventionary tenants. [Obs.] R. Carew.

CONVENTIONER
Con*ven"tion*er, n.

Defn: One who belongs to a convention or assembly.

CONVENTIONIST
Con*ven"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who enters into a convention, covenant, or contract.

CONVENTUAL
Con*ven"tu*al, a. Etym: [LL. conventualis: cf. F. conventuel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a convent; monastic. "A conventual garb." Macaulay. Conventual church, a church attached or belonging to a convent or monastery. Wordsworth.

CONVENTUAL
Con*ven"tu*al, n.

Defn: One who lives in a convent; a monk or num; a recluse. Addison.

CONVERGE
Con*verge", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Converged; p.pr. & vb.n. Converging.]
Etym: [Pref. con- + L. vergere to turn, incline; cf. F. converger.
See Verge, v. i.]

Defn: To tend to one point; to incline and approach nearer together;
as, lines converge.
The mountains converge into a single ridge. Jefferson.

CONVERGE
Con*verge", v. t.

Defn: To cause to tend to one point; to cause to incline and approach
nearer together.
I converge its rays to a focus of dazzling brilliancy. Tyndall.

CONVERGENCE; CONVERGENCY
Con*ver"gence, Con*ver"gen*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. convergence.]

Defn: The condition or quality of converging; tendency to one point.
The convergence or divergence of the rays falling on the pupil.
Berkeley.

CONVERGENT
Con*ver"gent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. convergent.]

Defn: tending to one point of focus; tending to approach each other;
converging.
As many rays of light, as conveniently can be let in, and made
convergent. Boyle.
The vast dome of its cathedral . . . directing its convergent curves
to heaven. Hallam.

CONVERGING
Con*ver"ging, a.

Defn: Tending to one point; approaching each other; convergent; as, converging lines. Whewell. Converging rays(Opt.), rays of light, which, proceeding from different points of an object, tend toward a single point. — Converging series (Math.), a series in which if an indefinitely great number of terms be taken, their sum will become indefinitely near in value to a fixed quantity, which is called the sum of the series; — opposed to a diverging series.

CONVERSABLE
Con*vers"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. conversable.]

Defn: Qualified for conversation; disposed to converse; sociable;
free in discourse.
While young, humane, conversable, and kind. Cowper.

CONVERSABLENESS
Con*vers"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being conversable; disposition to converse; sociability.

CONVERSABLY
Con*vers"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a conversable manner.

CONVERSANCE
Con"ver*sance, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being conversant; habit of familiarity; familiar acquaintance; intimacy. [R.]

CONVERSANCY
Con"ver*san*cy, n.

Defn: Conversance [R.]

CONVERSANT Con"ver*sant, a. Etym: [L. conversans, p.pr. of conversari: cf. F. conversant.]

1. Having frequent or customary intercourse; familiary associated; intimately acquainted. I have been conversant with the first persons of the age. Dryden.

2. Familiar or acquainted by use or study; well-informed; versed; — generally used with with, sometimes with in. Deeply conversant in the Platonic philosophy. Dryden. he uses the different dialects as one who had been conversant with them all. Pope. Conversant only with the ways of men. Cowper.

3. Concerned; occupied. Education . . . is conversant about children. W. Wotton.

CONVERSANT
Con*vers"ant, n.

Defn: One who converses with another; a convenser. [R.]

CONVERSANTLY
Con"ver*sant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a familiar manner.

CONVERSATION Con`ver*sa"tion, n. Etym: [OE. conversacio (in senses 1 & 2), OF. conversacion, F. conversation, fr. L. conversatio frequent abode in a place, intercourse, LL. also, manner of life.]

1. General course of conduct; behavior. [Archaic] Let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel. Philip. i. 27.

2. Familiar intercourse; intimate fellowship or association; close acquaintance. "Conversation with the best company." Dryden. I set down, out of long experience in business and much conversation in books, what I thought pertinent to this business. Bacon.

3. Commerce; intercourse; traffic. [Obs.] All traffic and mutual conversation. Hakluyt.

4. Colloqual discourse; oral interchange of sentiments and observations; informal dialogue. The influence exercised by his [Johnson's] conversation was altogether without a parallel. Macaulay.

5. Sexual intercourse; as, criminal conversation.

Syn. — Intercourse; communion; commerce; familiarity; discourse; dialogue; colloque; talk; chat. — Conversation, Talk. There is a looser sense of these words, in which they are synonymous; there is a stricter sense, in which they differ. Talk is usually broken, familiar, and versatile. Conversation is more continuous and sustained, and turns ordinarily upon topics or higher interest. Children talk to their parents or to their companions; men converse together in mixed assemblies. Dr. Johnson once remarked, of an evening spent in society, that there had been a great deal of talk, but no conversation.

CONVERSATIONAL
Con`ver*sa"tion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to conversation; in the manner of one conversing; as, a conversational style. Thackeray.

CONVERSATIONALIST
Con`ver*sa"tion*al*ist, n.

Defn: A conversationist.

CONVERSATIONED
Conver*sa"tioned, a.

Defn: Acquainted with manners and deportment; behaved. [Obs.] Till she be better conversationed, . . . I'll keep As far from her as the gallows. Beau. & Fl.

CONVERSATIONISM
Con`ver*sa"tion*ism, n.

Defn: A word or phrase used in conversation; a colloqualism.

CONVERSATIONIST
Con`ver*sa"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who converses much, or who excels in conversation. Byron.

CONVERSATIVE
Con*ver"sa*tive, a.

Defn: Relating to intercourse with men; social; — opposed to
contemplative.
She chose . . . to endue him with the conversative qualities of
youth. Sir H. Wotton.

CONVERSAZIONE
Con`ver*sa`zio"ne (or ), n.; pl. Conversazioni. Etym: [It. See
Conversation.]

Defn: A meeting or assembly for conversation, particularly on
literary or scientific subjects. Gray.
These conversazioni [at Florence] resemble our card assemblies. A.
Drummond.

CONVERSE Con*verse", v. i. [imp. & p.p. Conversed; p.pr. & vb.n. Conversing.] Etym: [F. converser, L. conversari to associate with; con- + versari to be turned, to live, remain, fr. versare to turn often, v. intens. of vertere to turn See Convert.]

1. To keep company; to hold intimate intercourse; to commune; —
followed by with.
To seek the distant hills, and there converse With nature. Thomson.
Conversing with the world, we use the world's fashions. Sir W. Scott.
But to converse with heaven -This is not easy. Wordsworth.

2. To engage, in familiar colloqui; to interchange thoughts and opinions in a free, informal manner; to chat; — followed by with before a person; by on, about, concerning, etc., before a thing. Companions That do converse and waste the time together. Shak. We had conversed so often on that subject. Dryden.

3. To have knowledge of, from long intercourse or study; — said of things. According as the objects they converse with afford greater or less variety. Locke.

Syn.
— To associate; commune; discourse; talk; chat.

CONVERSE
Con"verse, n.

1. Frequent intercourse; familiar communion; intimate association. Glanvill. "T is but to hold Converse with Nature's charms, and view her stores unrolled. Byron.

2. Familiar discourse; free interchange of thoughts or views; conversation; chat. Formed by thy converse happily to steer From grave to gay, from lively to severe. Pope.

CONVERSE
Con"verse

Defn: , a. Etym: [L. conversus, p.p. of convertere. See Convert.] Turned about; reversed in order or relation; reciprocal; as, a converse proposition.

CONVERSE
Con"verse, n.

1. (Logic)

Defn: A proposition which arises from interchanging the terms of another, as by putting the predicate for the subject, and the subject for the predicate; as, no virtue is vice, no vice is virtue.

Note: It should not (as is often done) be confounded with the contrary or opposite of a proposition, which is formed by introducing the negative not or no.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A proposition in which, after a conclusion from something supposed has been drawn, the order is inverted, making the conclusion the supposition or premises, what was first supposed becoming now the conclusion or inference. Thus, if two sides of a sides of a triangle are equal, the angles opposite the sides are equal; and the converse is true, i.e., if these angles are equal, the two sides are equal.

CONVERSELY
Con"verse*ly ( or , adv.

Defn: In a converse manner; with change of order or relation; reciprocally. J. S. Mill.

CONVERSER
Con*vers"er, n.

Defn: One who engages in conversation.

CONVERSIBLE
Con*ver"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted or reversed. Hammond.

CONVERSION
Con*ver"sion, n. Etym: [L. conversio: cf. F. conversion. See
Convert.]

1. The act of turning or changing from one state or condition to another, or the state of being changed; transmutation; change. Artificial conversion of water into ice. Bacon. The conversion of the aliment into fat. Arbuthnot.

2. The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another; also, the state of being so changed. "Conversion to Christianity." Prescott.

3. (Law)

Defn: An appropriation of, and dealing with the property of another
as if it were one's own, without right; as, the conversion of a
horse.
Or bring my action of conversion And trover for my goods. Hudibras.

4. (Logic)

Defn: The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or the contrary.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition; as, the conversion of equations; the conversion of proportions.

6. (Mil.) (a) A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank. (b) A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns into rifles.

7. (Theol.)

Defn: A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a transformation of the outward life. He oft Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to them preached Conversion and repentance, as to souls In prison under judgments imminent. Milton.

CONVERSIVE
Con*ver"sive, a.

1. Capable of being converted or changed.

2. Ready to converse; social. [Archaic] Feltham.

CONVERT
Con*vert", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Converted; p.pr. & vb.n. Converting.]
Etym: [L. convertere, -versum; con- + vertere to turn: cf. F.
convertir. See Verse.]

1. To cause to turn; to turn. [Obs.] O, which way shall I first convert myself B. Jonson.

2. To change or turn from one state or condition to another; to alter in form, substance, or quality; to transform; to transmute; as, to convert water into ice. If the whole atmosphere were converted into water. T. Burnet. That still lessens The sorrow, and converts it nigh to joy. Milton.

3. To change or turn from one belief or course to another, as from one religion to another or from one party or sect to another. No attempt was made to convert the Moslems. Prescott.

4. To produce the spiritual change called conversion in (any one); to turn from a bad life to a good one; to change the heart and moral character of (any one) from the controlling power of sin to that of holiness. He which converteth the sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul from death. Lames v. 20.

5. To apply to any use by a diversion from the proper or intended use; to appropriate dishonestly or illegally. When a bystander took a coin to get it changed, and converted it, [it was] held no larceny. Cooley.

6. To exchange for some specified equivalent; as, to convert goods into money.

7. (Logic)

Defn: To change (one proposition) into another, so that what was the subject of the first becomes the predicate of the second.

8. To turn into another language; to translate. [Obs.] Which story . . . Catullus more elegantly converted. B. Jonson. Converted guns, cast-iron guns lined with wrought-iron or steel tubes. Farrow. — Converting furnace (Steel Manuf.), a furnace in which wrought iron is converted into steel by cementation.

Syn.
— To change; turn; transmute; appropriate.

CONVERT
Con*vert", v. i.

Defn: To be turned or changed in character or direction; to undergo a change, physically or morally. If Nebo had had the preaching that thou hast, they [the Neboites] would have converted. Latimer. A red dust which converth into worms. Sandys. The public hope And eye to thee converting. Thomson.

CONVERT
Con"vert, n.

1. A person who is converted from one opinion or practice to another; a person who is won over to, or heartily embraces, a creed, religious system, or party, in which he has not previously believed; especially, one who turns from the controlling power of sin to that of holiness, or from unbelief to Christianity. The Jesuits did not persuade the converts to lay aside the use of images. Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A lay friar or brother, permitted to enter a monastery for the service of the house, but without orders, and not allowed to sing in the choir.

Syn. — Proselyte; neophyte. — Convert, Proselyte, Pervert. A convert is one who turns from what he believes to have been a decided error of faith or practice. Such a change may relate to religion, politics, or other subjects. properly considered, it is not confined to speculation alone, but affects the whole current of one's feelings and the tenor of his actions. As such a change carries with it the appearance of sincerity, the term convert is usually taken in a good sense. Proselyte is a term of more ambiguous use and application. It was first applied to an adherent of one religious system who had transferred himself externally to some other religious system; and is also applied to one who makes a similar transfer in respect to systems of philosophy or speculation. The term has little or no reference to the state of the heart. Pervert is a term of recent origin, designed to express the contrary of convert, and to stigmatize a person as drawn off perverted from the true faith. It has been more particulary applied by members of the Church of England to those who have joined the Roman Catholic Church.

CONVERTEND
Con`ver*tend", n. Etym: [L. convertenus to be converted.] (Logic)

Defn: Any proposition which is subject to the process of conversion; — so called in its relation to itself as converted, after which process it is termed the conversae. See Converse, n. (Logic).

CONVERTER
Con*vert"er, n.

1. One who converts; one who makes converts.

2. (Steel Manuf.)

Defn: A retort, used in the Bessemer process, in which molten cast iron is decarburized and converted into steel by a blast of air forced through the liquid metal.

CONVERTIBILITY
Con*vert`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being convertible; capability of
being exchanged; convertibleness.
The mutual convertibility of land into money, and of money into land.
Burke.

CONVERTIBLE
Con*vert"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. convertibilis: cf. F. convertible.]

1. Capable of being converted; susceptible of change; transmutable; transformable. Minerals are not convertible into another species, though of the same genus. Harvey.

2. Capable of being exchanged or interchanged; reciprocal; interchangeable. So long as we are in the regions of nature, miraculous and improbable, miraculous and incredible, may be allowed to remain convertible terms. Trench.

CONVERTIBLENESS
Con*vert"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being convertible; convertibility.

CONVERTIBLY
Con*vert"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a convertible manner.

CONVERTITE Con"vert*ite, n. Etym: [Cf. It. convertito, p.p. of convertire to convert.]

Defn: A convert. [Obs.] Shak.

CONVEX Con"vex, a. Etym: [L. convexus vaulted, arched, convex, concave, fr. convehere to bring together: cf. F. convexe. See Vehicle.]

Defn: Rising or swelling into a spherical or rounded form; regularly protuberant or bulging; — said of a spherical surface or curved line when viewed from without, in opposition to concave. Drops of water naturally form themselves into figures with a convex surface. Whewell. Double convex, convex on both sides; convexo-convex.

CONVEX
Con"vex, n.

Defn: A convex body or surface.
Half heaven's convex glitters with the flame. Tickell.

Note: This word was often pronounced con-vex' by early writers, as by
Milton, and occasionallyby later poets.

CONVEXED
Con"vexed ( or ), a.

Defn: Made convex; protuberant in a spherical form. Sir T. Browne.

CONVEXEDLY
Con*vex"ed*ly, dv.

Defn: In a convex form; convexly. Sir T. Browne.

CONVEXEDNESS
Con*vex"ed*ness, n.

Defn: Convexity.

CONVEXITY Con*vex"i*ty, n.; pl. Convexities. Etym: [L. convexitas: cf. F. convexité.]

Defn: The state of being convex; the exterior surface of a convex
body; roundness.
A smooth, uniform convexity and rotundity of a globe. Bentley.

CONVEXLY
Con"vex*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convex form; as, a body convexly shaped.

CONVEXNESS
Con"vex*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being convex; convexity.

CONVEXO-CONCAVE
Con*vex"o-con"cave (or ), a.

Defn: Convex on one side, and concave on the other. The curves of the convex and concave sides may be alike or may be different. See Meniscus.

CONVEXO-CONVEX
Con*vex"o-con"vex, a.

Defn: Convex on botConvex, a.

CONVEXO-PLANE
Con*vex"o-plane`, a.

Defn: Convex on one side, and flat on the other; plano-convex.

CONVEY
Con*vey", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Conveyed; p.pr. & vb.n. Conveying.]
Etym: [OF. conveir, convoier, to escort, convoy, F. convoyer, LL.
conviare, fr. L. con- + via way. See Viaduct, Voyage, and cf.
Convoy.]

1. To carry from one place to another; to bear or transport. I will convey them by sea in fleats. 1 Kings v. 9. Convey me to my bed, then to my grave. Shak.

2. To cause to pass from one place or person to another; to serve as a medium in carrying (anything) from one place or person to another; to transmit; as, air conveys sound; words convey ideas.

3. To transfer or deliver to another; to make over, as property; more strictly (Law), to transfer (real estate) or pass (a title to real estate) by a sealed writing. The Earl of Desmond . . . secretly conveyed all his lands to feoffees in trust. Spenser.

4. To impart or communicate; as, to convey an impression; to convey information. Men fill one another's heads with noise and sound, but convey not thereby their thoughts. Locke.

5. To manage with privacy; to carry out. [Obs.] I . . . will convey the business as I shall find means. Shak.

6. To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve. [Obs.]

7. To accompany; to convoy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
— To carry; transport; bear; transmit; trnsfer.

CONVEY
Con*vey", v. i.

Defn: To play the thief; to steal. [Cant]
But as I am Crack, I will convey, crossbite, and cheat upon
Simplicius. Marston.

CONVEYABLE
Con*vey"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being conveyed or transferred. Burke.

CONVEYANCE
Con*vey"ance, n.

1. The act of conveying, carrying, or transporting; carriage. The long joirney was to be performed on horseback, — the only sure mode of conveyamce. Prescott. Following th river downward, there is conveyance into the countries named in the text. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. The instrument or means of carrying or transporting anything from place to place; the vehicle in which, or means by which, anything is carried from one place to another; as, stagecoaches, omnibuses, etc., are conveyances; a canal or aqueduct is a conveyance for water. There pipes and these conveyances of our blood. Shak.

3. The act or process of transferring, transmitting, handing down, or communicating; transmission. Tradition is no infallible way of conveyance. Stillingfleet.

4. (Law)

Defn: The act by which the title to property, esp. real estate, is transferred; transfer of ownership; an instrument in writing (as a deed or mortgage), by which the title to property is conveyed from one person to another. [He] found the conveyances in law to be so firm, that in justice he must decree the land to the earl. Clarendon.

5. Dishonest management, or artifice. [Obs.] the very jesuits themselves . . . can not possibly devise any juggling conveyance how to shift it off. Hakewill.

CONVEYANCER
Con*vey"an*cer, n. (Law)

Defn: One whose business is to draw up conveyances of property, as deeds, mortgages, leases, etc. Burrill.

CONVEYANCING
Con*vey"an*cing, n. (Law)

Defn: The business of a conveyancer; the act or business of drawing deeds, leases, or other writings, for transferring the title to property from one person to another.

CONVEYER
Con*vey"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, conveys or carries, transmits or transfers.

2. One given to artifices or secret practices; a juggler; a cheat; a thief. [Obs.] Shak.

CONVEYOR
Con*vey"or, n. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance for carrying objects from place to place; esp., one for conveying grain, coal, etc., — as a spiral or screw turning in a pipe or trough, an endless belt with buckets, or a truck running along a rope.

CONVICIATE Con*vi"ci*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. conviciatus, p.p. of conviciari to revile, fr. convicium loud reproach.]

Defn: To utter reproaches; to raise a clamor; to rail. [Obs.]
To conviciate instead of accusing. Laud.

CONVICINITY
Con`vi*cin"i*ty, n.; pl. Convicinities (.

Defn: Immediate vicinity; neighborhood.
The convicinity and contiguity of the two parishes. T. Warton.

CONVICIOUS
Con*vi"cious, a.

Defn: Expressing reproach; abusive; railing; taunting. [Obs.]
"Convicious words." Queen Elizabeth (1559).

CONVICT Con*vict", p.a. Etym: [L. convictus, p.p. of convincere to convict, prove. See Convice.]

Defn: Proved or found guilty; convicted. [Obs.] Shak.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. Milton.

CONVICT
Con"vict, n.

1. A person proved guilty of a crime alleged against him; one legally convicted or sentenced to punishment for some crime.

2. A criminal sentenced to penal servitude.

Syn.
— Malefactor; culprit; felon; criminal.

CONVICT
Con*vict", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convicted; p.pr. & vb.n. Convicting.]

1. To prove or find guilty of an offense or crime charged; to pronounce guilty, as by legal decision, or by one's conscience. He [Baxter] . . . had been convicted by a jury. Macaulay. They which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one. John viii. 9.

2. To prove or show to be false; to confute; to refute. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. To demonstrate by proof or evidence; to prove. Imagining that these proofs will convict a testament, to have that in it which other men can nowhere by reading find. Hooker.

4. To defeat; to doom to destruction. [Obs.] A whole armado of convicted sail. Shak.

Syn.
— To confute; defect; convince; confound.

CONVICTIBLE
Con*victi*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being convicted. [R.] Ash.

CONVICTION Con*vic"tion, n. Etym: [L. convictio proof: cf. F. conviction conviction (in sense 3 & 4). See Convict, Convince.]

1. The act of convicting; the act of proving, finding, or adjudging, guilty of an offense. The greater certainty of conviction and the greater certainty of punishment. Hallam.

2. (Law)

Defn: A judgment of condemnation entered by a court having jurisdiction; the act or process of finding guilty, or the state of being found guilty of any crime by a legal tribunal. Conviction may accrue two ways. Blackstone.

3. The act of convincing of error, or of compelling the admission of a truth; confutation. For all his tedious talk is but vain boast, Or subtle shifts conviction to evade. Milton.

4. The state of being convinced or convicted; strong persuasion or belief; especially, the state of being convicted of sin, or by one's conscience. To call good evil, and evil good, against the conviction of their own consciences. Swift. And did you presently fall under the power of this conviction Bunyan.

Syn. — Conviction; persuasion. — Conviction respects soley matters of belief or faith; persuasion respects matters of belief or practice. Conviction respects our most important duties; persuasion is frequently applied to matters of indifference. Crabb. — Conviction is the result of the [operation of the] understanding; persuasion, of the will. Conviction is a necessity of the mind, persuasion an acquiescence of the inclination. C. J. Smith. — Persuasion often induces men to act in opposition to their conviction of duty.

CONVICTISM
Con"vict*ism, n.

Defn: The policy or practice of transporting convicts to penal settlements. "The evils of convictism." W. Howitt.

CONVICTIVE
Con*vict"ive, a.

Defn: Convincing. [R.]
The best and most convictive argument. Glanwill.
— Con*vict"ive*ly, adv.
— Con*vict"ive*ness, n.

CONVINCE
Con*vince", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convinced; p.pr. & vb.n. Convincing.]
Etym: [L. convincere, -victum, to refute, prove; con- + vincere to
conquer. See Victor, and cf. Convict.]

1. To overpower; to overcome; to subdue or master. [Obs.] His two chamberlains Will I with wine and wassail so convince That memory, the warder of the brain, Shall be a fume. Shak.

2. To overcome by argument; to force to yield assent to truth; to satisfy by proof. Such convincing proofs and assurances of it as might enable them to convince others. Atterbury.

3. To confute; to prove the fallacy of. [Obs.] God never wrought miracle to convince atheism, because his ordinary works convince it. Bacon.

4. To prove guilty; to convinct. [Obs.] Which of you convinceth me of sin John viii. 46. Seek not to convince me of a crime Which I can ne'er repent, nor you can pardon. Dryden.

Syn. — To persuade; satisfy; convict. — To Convince, persuade. To convince is an act of the understanding; to persuade, of the will or feelings. The one is effected by argument, the other by motives. There are cases, however, in which persuade may seem to be used in reference only to the assent of the understanding; as when we say, I am persuaded it is so; I can not persuade myself of the fact. But in such instances there is usually or always a degree of awakened feeling which has had its share in producing the assent of the understanding.

CONVINCEMENT
Con*vince"ment, n.

Defn: Act of convincing, or state of being convinced; conviction.
[R.]
The fear of a convincement. Milton.

CONVINCER
Con*vin"cer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, convinces; one who wins over by proof.

CONVINCIBLE
Con*vin"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being convinced or won over.

2. Capable of being confuted and disproved by argument; refutable. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CONVINCINGLY
Con*vin"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: in a convincing manner; in a manner to compel assent.

CONVINCINGNESS
Con*vin"cing*ness, n.

Defn: The power of convincing, or the quality of being convincing.

CONVIVAL
Con*viv"al, a. Etym: [L. convivalis. See Convive.]

Defn: pertaining to a feast or to festivity; convivial. [Obs.] "A convival dish." Sir T. Browne.

CONVIVE Con*vive", v. i. Etym: [L. convivari; akin to convivium a feast, convivere to live or feast together; con- + vivere to live.]

Defn: To feast together; to be convivial. [Obs.] "There, in the full, convive we." Shak.

CONVIVE
Con"vive, n. Etym: [L. conviva: cf. F. convive.]

Defn: A quest at a banquet. [R.] Beaumont.

CONVIVIAL Con*viv"i*al, a. Etym: [From L. convivium a feast; con- + vivere to live. See Victuals, and cf. Convive.]

Defn: Of or relating to a feast or entertainment, or to eating and drinking, with accompanying festivity; festive; social; gay; jovial. Which feasts convivial meetings we did name. Denham.

CONVIVIALIST
Con*viv"i*al*ist, n.

Defn: A person of convivial habits.

CONVIVIALITY
Con*viv`i*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Convivialities (.

Defn: The good humor or mirth indulged in upon festive occasions; a convivial spirit or humor; festivity.

CONVIVIALLY
Con*viv"i*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a convivial manner.

CONVOCATE
Con"vo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convocated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Convocating.] Etym: [L. convocatus, p.p. of convocare to convocate;
con- + vocare to call. See Vocal, and cf. Convoce.]

Defn: To convoke; to call together. [Obs.] May (Lucan).

CONVOCATION
Con`vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. convocatio: cf. F. convocation. See
Convoke.]

1. The act of calling or assembling by summons.

2. An assembly or meeting. In the first day there shall be a holy convocation. Ex. xii. 16.

3. (Ch. of Eng.)

Defn: An assembly of the clergy, by their representatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs.

Note: In England, the provinces of Canterbury and York have each their convocation, but no session for business were allowed from 1717 to 1861. The Convocation of Canterbury consists of two houses. In the Convocation of York the business has been generally conducted in one assembly.

4. (Oxf. University)

Defn: An academical assembly, in which the business of the university is transacted.

Syn. — meeting; assembly; congregation; congress; diet; convention; synod; council.

CONVOCATIONAL
Con`vo*ca"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a convocation.

CONVOCATIONIST
Con`vo*ca"tion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate or defender of convocation.

CONVOKE
Con*voke", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convoked; p.pr. & vb.n. Convoking.]
Etym: [L. convocare: cf. F. convoquer. See Convocate.]

Defn: To call together; to summon to meet; to assemble by summons. There remained no resource but the dreadful one of convoking a parliament. palfrey.

Syn.
— To summon; assemble; convene. See Call.

CONVOLUTE
Con"vo*lute, a. Etym: [L. convolutus, p.p. of convolvere. See
Convolve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Rolled or wound together, one part upon another; — said of the leaves of plants in æstivation.

CONVOLUTED
Con"vo*lu`ted, a.

1. Having convolutions. beaks recurved and convoluted like a ram's horn. Pennant.

2. Folded in tortuous windings. A highly convoluted brain. North Amer. Rev.

CONVOLUTION
Con`vo*lu"tion, n.

1. The act of rolling anything upon itself, or one thing upon another; a winding motion. O'er the calm sea, in convolution swift, The feathered eddy floats. Thomson.

2. The state of being rolled upon itself, or rolled or doubled together; a tortuous or sinuous winding or fold, as of something rolled or folded upon itself. Blackmore.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: An irregular, tortuous folding of an organ or part; as, the convolutions of the intestines; the cerebral convolutions. See Brain.

CONVOLVE
Con*volve", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convolved; p.pr. & vb.n. Convolving.]
Etym: [L. convolvere, -volutum; con- + volvere to roll. See Voluble.]

Defn: To roll or wind together; to roll or twist one part on another.
Then Satan first knew pain, And writhed him to and fro convolved.
Milton.

CONVOLVULACEOUS
Con*vol`vu*la"ceous, a. Etym: [From Convolvus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the bindweed and the morning-glory are common examples.

CONVOLVULIN
Con*vol"vu*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside occurring in jalap (the root of a convolvulaceous plant), and extracted as a colorless, tasteless, gummy mass of powerful purgative properties.

CONVOLVULUS Con*vol"vu*lus, n.; pl. L.Convolvuli, E. Convoluluses. Etym: [L., bindweed, fr. convolvere to roll around. So named from its twining stems.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large genus of plants having monopetalous flowers, including the common bindweed (C. arwensis), and formerly the morning-glory, but this is now transferred to the genus Ipomæa. The luster of the long convolvuluses That coiled around the stately stems. Tennyson.

CONVOY
Con*voy", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convoyed; p.pr. & vb.n. Convoying.]
Etym: [F. convoyer, OF. conveier, convoier. See Convey.]

Defn: To accompany for protection, either by sea or land; to attend
for protection; to escort; as, a frigate convoys a merchantman.
I know ye skillful to convoy The total freight of hope and joy.
Emerson.

CONVOY
Con"voy, n. Etym: [F. convoi.]

1. The act of attending for defense; the state of being so attended; protection; escort. To obtain the convoy of a man-of-war. Macaulay.

2. A vessel or fleet, or a train or trains of wagons, employed in the transportation of munitions of war, money, subsistence, clothing, etc., and having an armed escort.

3. A protection force accompanying ships, etc., on their way from place to place, by sea or land; an escort, for protection or guidance. When every morn my bosom glowed To watch the convoy on the road. Emerson.

4. Conveyance; means of transportation. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A drag or brake applied to the wheels of a carriage, to check their velocity in going down a hill. Knight.

CONVOY PENNANT Con"voy pen"nant. A white pennant with red border, carried : (a) Forward on all vessels on convoy duty. (b) Alone by a senior officer present during evolutions or drills, when it commands "Silence." (c) Over a signal number, when it refers to the signal number of an officer in the Annual Navy Register.

CONVULSE
Con*vulse", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Convulsed; p.pr. & vb.n. Convulsing.]
Etym: [L. convulsus, p.p. of convellere to tear up, to shake; con- +
vellere to pluck, pull.]

1. To contract violently and irregulary, as the muscular parts of an animal body; to shake with irregular spasms, as in excessive laughter, or in agony from grief or pain. With emotions which checked his voice and convulsed his powerful frame. Macaulay.

2. To agitate greatly; to shake violently. The world is convulsed by the agonies of great nations. Macaulay.

Syn.
— To agitate; disturb; shake; tear; rend.

CONVULSION
Con*vul"sion, n. Etym: [L. convulsio: cf. F. convulsion.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An unnatural, violent, and unvoluntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body.

2. Any violent and irregular motion or agitation; a violent shaking; a tumult; a commotion. Those two massy pillars, With horrible convulsion, to and fro He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton. Times of violence and convulsion. Ames.

Syn.
— Agitation; commotion; tumult; disturbance.

CONVULSIONAL
Con*vul"sion*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, convulsions; convulsionary. [R.]
Lamb.

CONVULSIONARY
Con*vul"sion*a*ry (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. convulsionnaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to convulsion; convulsive. "Convulsionary struggles." Sir W. Scott.

CONVULSIONARY
Con*vul"sion*a*ry, n.

Defn: A convulsionist.

CONVULSIONIST
Con*vul"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who has convulsions; esp., one of a body of fanatics in
France, early in the eighteenth century, who went into convulsions
under the influence of religious emotion; as, the Convulsionists of
St. Médard.

CONVULSIVE
Con*vul"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. convulsif.]

Defn: Producing, or attended with, convulsions or spasms; characterized by convulsions; convulsionary. An irregular, convulsive movement may be necessary to throw off an irregular, convulsive disease. Burke.

CONVULSIVELY
Con*vul"sive*ly, adv.

Defn: in a convulsive manner.

CONY Co"ny ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OE. coning, conig, coni, OF. connin, conin, connil, fr. L. cuniculus a rabbit, cony, prob. an Hispanic word.] [Written also coney.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A rabbit, esp., the European rabbit (Lepus cuniculus). (b) The chief hare.

Note: The cony of Scripture is thought to be Hyrax Syriacus, called also daman, and cherogril. See Daman.

2. A simpleton. [Obs.] It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual phrases of cony and cony catcher. Diet's Dry Dinner (1599).

3. (Zoöl.) (a) An important edible West Indian fish (Epinephelus apua); the hind of Bermuda. (b) A local name of the burbot. [Eng.]

CONY-CATCH
Co"ny-catch, v. t.

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to trick. [Obs.] Take heed, Signor Baptista, lest you be cony-catched in the this business. Shak.

CONY-CATCHER
Co"ny-catch`er, n.

Defn: A cheat; a sharper; a deceiver. [Obs.] Minsheu.

CONYLENE
Con"y*lene, n. Etym: [Conine + acetylene.]

Defn: An oily substance, C8H14, obtained from several derivatives of conine.

CONYRINE
Con"y*rine, n. Etym: [From Conine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A blue, fluorescent, oily base (regarded as a derivative of pyridine), obtained from conine.

COO
Coo, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Cooed; p.pr. & vb.n. Cooing.]

1. To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note
of pigeons or doves.
The stockdove only through the forest cooes, Mournfully hoarse.
Thomson.

2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under Bill, v. i. "Billing or cooing." Byron.

COOEY; COOEE
Coo"ey, Coo"ee, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal. [Written also cooie.]

COOK
Cook, v. i. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: To make the noise of the cuckoo. [Obs. or R.]
Constant cuckoos cook on every side. The Silkworms (1599).

COOK
Cook, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.]

Defn: To throw. [Prov.Eng.] "Cook me that ball." Grose.

COOK Cook, n. Etym: [AS. coc, fr. l. cocus, coquus, coquus, fr. coquere to cook; akin to Gr. pac, and to E. apricot, biscuit, concoct, dyspepsia, precocious. Cf. Pumpkin.]

1. One whose occupation is to prepare food for the table; one who dresses or cooks meat or vegetables for eating.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish, the European striped wrasse.

COOK
Cook, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cooked; p.pr & vb.n. Cooking.]

1. To prepare, as food, by boiling, roasting, baking, broiling, etc.; to make suitable for eating, by the agency of fire or heat.

2. To concoct or prepare; hence, to tamper with or alter; to garble; — often with up; as, to cook up a story; to cook an account. [Colloq.] They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and very often in the same words; but their way of cooking it is so different. Addison.

COOK
Cook, v. i.

Defn: To prepare food for the table.

COOKBOOK
Cook"book`, n.

Defn: A book of directions and receipts for cooking; a cookery book.
[U.S.]
"Just How": a key to the cookbooks. Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney.

COOKEE
Cook*ee", n.

Defn: A female cook. [R.]

COOKERY
Cook"er*y, n.

1. The art or process of preparing food for the table, by dressing, compounding, and the application of heat.

2. A delicacy; a dainty. [Obs.] R. North.

COOKEY; COOKIE
Cook"ey, Cook"ie, n.

Defn: See Cooky.

COOKMAID
Cook"maid`, n.

Defn: A female servant or maid who dresses provisions and assists the cook.

COOKROOM
Cook"room`, n.

Defn: A room for cookery; a kitchen; the galley or caboose of a ship.
Sir W. Raleigh.

COOKSHOP
Cook`shop, n.

Defn: An eating house. "A subterranean cookshop." Macaulay.

COOKY Cook"y, n.; pl. Cookies. Etym: [Cf. D. koek cake, dim. koekje; akin to G. kuchen, E. cake; or cf. OE. coket, prob., a sort of cake, and prob. of French origin.]

Defn: A small, flat, sweetened cake of various kinds.

COOL
Cool, a. [Compar. Cooler; superl. Coolest.] Etym: [AS. col; akin to
D. koel, G. kühl, OHG. chouli, Dan. kölig, Sw. kylig, also to AS.
calan to be cold, Icel. kala. See Cold, and cf. Chill.]

1. Moderately cold; between warm and cold; lacking in warmth; producing or promoting coolness. Fanned with cool winds. Milton.

2. Not ardent, warm, fond, or passionate; not hasty; deliberate; exercising self-control; self-possessed; dispassionate; indifferent; as, a cool lover; a cool debater. For a patriot, too cool. Goldsmith.

3. Not retaining heat; light; as, a cool dress.

4. Manifesting coldness or dislike; chilling; apathetic; as, a cool manner.

5. Quietly impudent; negligent of propriety in matters of minor importance, either ignorantly or willfully; presuming and selfish; audacious; as, cool behavior. Its cool stare of familiarity was intolerable. Hawthorne.

6. Applied facetiously, in a vague sense, to a sum of money, commonly as if to give emphasis to the largeness of the amount. He had lost a cool hundred. Fielding. Leaving a cool thousand to Mr.Matthew Pocket. Dickens.

Syn. — Calm; dispassionate; self-possessed; composed; repulsive; frigid; alienated; impudent.

COOL
Cool, n.

Defn: A moderate state of cold; coolness; — said of the temperature of the air between hot and cold; as, the cool of the day; the cool of the morning or evening.

COOL
Cool, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cooled; p.pr. & vb.n. Cooling.]

1. To make cool or cold; to reduce the temperature of; as, ice cools water. Send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue. Luke xvi. 24.

2. To moderate the heat or excitement of; to allay, as passion of any kind; to calm; to moderate. We have reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts. Shak. To cool the heels, to dance attendance; to wait, as for admission to a patron's house. [Colloq.] Dryden.

COOL
Cool, v. i.

1. To become less hot; to lose heat. I saw a smith stand with his hammer, thus, the whilst his iron did on the anvil cool. Shak.

2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion; to become more
moderate.
I will not give myself liberty to think, lest I should cool.
Congreve.

COOLER
Cool"er, n.

Defn: That which cools, or abates heat or excitement. if acid things were used only as coolers, they would not be so proper in this case. Arbuthnot.

2. Anything in or by which liquids or other things are cooled, as an ice chest, a vessel for ice water, etc.

COOL-HEADED
Cool"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a temper not easily excited; free from passion.
— Cool"-head`ed*ness, n.

COOLIE
Coo"lie, n.

Defn: Same as Cooly.

COOLING
Cool"ing, p.a.

Defn: Adapted to cool and refresh; allaying heat. "The cooling brook." Goldsmith. Cooling card, something that dashes hopes. [Obs.] — Cooling time (Law), such a lapse of time as ought, taking all the circumstances of the case in view, to produce a subsiding of passion previously provoked. Wharton.

COOLISH
Cool"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat cool.
The nights began to grow a little coolish. Goldsmith.

COOLLY
Cool"ly, a.

Defn: Coolish; cool. [Obs.] Spenser.

COOLLY
Cool"ly, adv.

Defn: In a cool manner; without heat or excessive cold; without passion or ardor; calmly; deliberately; with indifference; impudently.

COOLNESS
Cool"ness, n.

1. The state of being cool; a moderate degree of cold; a moderate degree, or a want, of passion; want of ardor, zeal, or affection; calmness.

2. Calm impudence; self-possession. [Colloq.]

COOLUNG
Coo"lung, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great gray crane of India (Grus cinerea). [Also written coolen and cullum.]

COOLY; COOLIE Coo"ly, Coo"lie, n.; pl. Coolies. Etym: [Hind. k a laborer, porter: cf. Turk. k, ky, slave.]

Defn: An East Indian porter or carrier; a laborer transported from the East Indies, China, or Japan, for service in some other country.

COOM Coom, n. Etym: [Cf. G. kahm mold gathered on liquids, D. kam, Sw. kimrök pine soot, smoke black, Icel. kam grime, film of dirt.]

Defn: Soot; coal dust; refuse matter, as the dirty grease which comes from axle boxes, or the refuse at the mouth of an oven. Phillips. Bailey.

COOMB Coomb, n. Etym: [AS. cumb a liquid measure, perh. from LL. cumba boat, tomb of stone, fr. Gr. kumpf bowl.]

Defn: A dry measure of four bushels, or half a quarter. [Written also comb.]

COOMB; COOMBE
Coomb, Coombe, n. Etym: [See Comb, Combe, in this sense.]

Defn: A hollow in a hillside. [Prov. Eng.] See Comb, Combe.

COON
Coon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A raccoon. See Raccoon.

COONCAN
Coon"can, n. [Corrupt of conquian.]

Defn: A game of cards derived from conquian, played by two or more players with one or two full packs of cards.

COONTIE
Coon"tie, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A cycadaceous plant of Florida and the West Indies, the Zamia integrifolia, from the stems of which a kind of sago is prepared.

COOP
Coop, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cypa a measure, D. kuip tub, Icel. kupa bowl,
G. kufe coop tub; all fr. L. cupa vat, tub, LL. cupa, copa, cup. See
Cup, and cf. Keeve.]

1. A barrel or cask for liquor. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. An inclosure for keeping small animals; a pen; especially, a grated box for confining poultry.

3. A cart made close with boarde; a tumbrel. [Scotch]

COOP
Coop, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Cooped; p.pr. & vb.n. Cooping.]

Defn: To confine in a coop; hence, to shut up or confine in a narrow compass; to cramp; — usually followed by up, sometimes by in. The Trojans coopet within their walls so long. Dryden. The contempt of all other knowledge . . . coops the understanding up within narrow bounds. Locke.

2. To work upon in the manner of a cooper. [Obs.] "Shaken tubs . . . be new cooped." Holland.

Syn.
— To crowd; confine; imprison.

COOPEE
Coo*pee", n.

Defn: See Coupe. [Obs.] Johnson.

COOPER
Coop"er, n. Etym: [From Coop.]

Defn: One who makes barrels, hogsheads, casks, etc.

COOPER
Coop"er, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coopered; p.pr. & vb.n. Coopering.]

Defn: To do the work of a cooper upon; as, to cooper a cask or barrel.

COOPERAGE
Coop"er*age, n.

1. Work done by a cooper.

2. The price paid for coopers; work.

3. A place where coopers' work is done.

COOPERANT
Co*öp"er*ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. coopérant.]

Defn: Operating together; as, coöperant forces.

COOPERATE
Co*öp"er*ate, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Coöperated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Coöperating.] Etym: [L. coöperatus, p.p. of coöperari to coöperate;
co + operari to work, opus work. See Operate.]

Defn: To act or operate jointly with another or others; to concur in action, effort, or effect. Whate'er coöperates to the common mirth. Crashaw.

COOPERATION
Co*öp`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. coöperatio: cf. F. coopération.]

1. The act of coöperating, or of operating together to one end; joint operation; concurrent effort or labor. Not holpen by the coöperation of angels. Bacon.

2. (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The association of a number of persons for their benefit.

COOPERATIVE
Co*öp"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Operating jointly to the same end. Coöperative society, a society established on the principle of a joint-stock association, for the production of commodities, or their purchase and distribution for consumption, or for the borrowing and lending of capital among its members. — Coöperative store, a store established by a coöperative society, where the members make their purchases and share in the profits or losses.

COOPERATOR
Co*öp"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. coopérateur.]

Defn: One who labors jointly with others to promote the same end.
"Coöperators with the truth." Boyle.

COOPERING
Coop"er*ing, n.

Defn: Work done by a cooper in making or repairing barrels, casks, etc.; the business of a cooper.

COOPERY
Coop"er*y, a.

Defn: Relating to a cooper; coopered. [Obs.]
Coopery vessels made of wood. Holland.

COOPERY
Coop"er*y, n.

Defn: The occupation of a cooper. Crabb.

COOPT
Co*öpt", v. t. Etym: [See Coöptate. Cf. F. coopter.]

Defn: To choose or elect in concert with another. [R.]
Each of the hundred was to coöpt three others. Jowett (Thysyd. ).

COOPTATE Co*öp"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. coöptatus, p.p. of coötare to elect to something; co- + optare to choose.]

Defn: To choose; to elect; to coöpt. [Obs.] Cockeram.

COOPTATION
Co`öp*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coöptatio.]

Defn: The act of choosing; selection; choice. [Obs.]
The first election and coöptation of a friend. Howell.

COORDAIN
Co`ör*dain, v. t.

Defn: To ordain or appoint for some purpose along with another.

COORDINANCE
Co*ör"di*nance, n.

Defn: Joint ordinance.

COORDINATE Co*ör"di*nate, a. Etym: [Pref. co- + L. ordinatus, p.p. of ordinare to regulate. See Ordain.]

Defn: Equal in rank or order; not subordinate. Whether there was one Supreme Governor of the world, or many coördinate powers presiding over each country. Law. Conjunctions joint sentences and coördinate terms. Rev. R. Morris. Coördinate adjectives, adjectives disconnected as regards ane another, but referring equally to the same subject. — Coördinate conjunctions, conjunctions joining independent propositions. Rev. R. Morris.

COORDINATE
Co*ör"di*nate , v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coördinated; p.pr. & vb.n.
Coördinating.]

1. To make coördinate; to put in the same order or rank; as, to coördinate ideas in classification.

2. To give a common action, movement, or condition to; to regulate and combine so as to produce harmonious action; to adjust; to harmonize; as, to coördinate muscular movements.

COORDINATE
Co*ör"di*nate, n.

1. A thing of the same rank with another thing; one two or more persons or things of equal rank, authority, or importance. It has neither coördinate nor analogon; it is absolutely one. Coleridge.

2. pl. (Math.)

Defn: Lines, or other elements of reference, by means of which the position of any point, as of a curve, is defined with respect to certain fixed lines, or planes, called coördinate axes and coördinate planes. See Abscissa.

Note: Coördinates are of several kinds, consisting in some of the different cases, of the following elements, namely: (a) (Geom. of Two Dimensions) The abscissa and ordinate of any point, taken together; as the abscissa PY and ordinate PX of the point P (Fig. 2, referred to the coördinate axes AY and AX. (b) Any radius vector PA (Fig. 1), together with its angle of inclination to a fixed line, APX, by which any point A in the same plane is referred to that fixed line, and a fixed point in it, called the pole, P. (c) (Geom. of Three Dimensions) Any three lines, or distances, PB, PC, PD (Fig. 3), taken parallel to three coördinate axes, AX, AY, AZ, and measured from the corresponding coördinate fixed planes, YAZ, XAZ, XAY, to any point in space, P, whose position is thereby determined with respect to these planes and axes. (d) A radius vector, the angle which it makes with a fixed plane, and the angle which its projection on the plane makes with a fixed line line in the plane, by which means any point in space at the free extremity of the radius vector is referred to that fixed plane and fixed line, and a fixed point in that line, the pole of the radius vector. Cartesian coördinates. See under Cartesian. — Geographical coördinates, the latitude and longitude of a place, by which its relative situation on the globe is known. The height of the above the sea level constitutes a third coördinate. — Polar coördinates, coördinates made up of a radius vector and its angle of inclination to another line, or a line and plane; as those defined in (b) and (d) above. — Rectangular coördinates, coördinates the axes of which intersect at right angles. — Rectilinear coördinates, coördinates made up of right lines. Those defined in (a) and (c) above are called also Cartesian coördinates. — Trigonometrical or Spherical coördinates, elements of reference, by means of which the position of a point on the surface of a sphere may be determined with respect to two great circles of the sphere. — Trilinear coördinates, coördinates of a point in a plane, consisting of the three ratios which the three distances of the point from three fixed lines have one to another.

COORDINATELY
Co*ör"di*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coördinate manner.

COORDINATENESS
Co*ör"di*nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being coördinate; equality of rank or authority.

COORDINATION
Co*ör`di*na"tion, n.

1. The act of coördinating; the act of putting in the same order, class, rank, dignity, etc.; as, the coördination of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial authority in forming a government; the act of regulating and combining so as to produce harmonious results; harmonious adjustment; as, a coördination of functions. "Coördination of muscular movement by the cerebellum." Carpenter.

2. The state of being coördinate, or of equal rank, dignity, power, etc. In this high court of parliament, there is a rare coördination of power. Howell.

COORDINATIVE
Co*ör"di*na*tive, a. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing coördination. J. W. Gibbs.

COOT Coot, n. Etym: [Cf. D. koet, W. cwtair; cwta short, bodtailed + iar hen; cf. cwtau ro dock. Cf. Cut.]

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A wading bird with lobate toes, of the genus Fulica. The common European or bald coot is F. atra (see under bald); the American is F. Americana. (b) The surf duck or scoter. In the United States all the species of (Edemia are called coots. See Scoter. "As simple as a coot." Halliwell.

2. A stupid fellow; a simpleton; as, a silly coot. [Colloq.]

COOTER Coot"er, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A fresh-water tortoise (Pseudemus concinna) of Florida. (b) The box tortoise.

COOTFOOT
Coot`foot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pharalope; — so called because its toes are like the coot's.

COOTHAY
Coo*thay", n.

Defn: A striped satin made in India. McElrath.

COP
Cop, n. Etym: [AS. cop; cf. G. kopf head. Cf. Cup, Cob.]

1. The top of a thing; the head; a crest. [Obs.] Cop they used to call The tops of many hills. Dra

2. A conical or conical-ended mass of coiled thread, yarn, or roving, wound upon a spindle, etc.

3. A tube or quill upon which silk is wound.

4. (Mil. Arch.)

Defn: same as Merlon.

5. A policeman. [Slang] Cop waste, a kind of cotton waste, composed chiefly

COPAIBA; COPAIVA
Co*pai"ba, Co*pai"va, n. Etym: [Sp. & Pg., fr. Brazil. cupaúba.]
(Med.)

Defn: A more or less viscid, vellowish liquid, the bitter oleoresin of several species of Copaifera, a genus of trees growing in South America and the West Indies. It is stimulant and diuretic, and is much used in affections of the mucous membranes; — called also balsam of copaiba. [Written also capivi.]

COPAL
Co"pal, Etym: [Sp., fr. Mexican copalli, Clavigero.]

Defn: A resinous substance flowing spontaneously from trees of
Zanzibar, Madagascar, and South America (Trachylobium Hornemannianum,
T. verrocosum, and Hymenæa Courbaril), and dug from earth where
forests have stood in Africa; — used chiefly in making varnishes. Ur

COPALM
Co"palm`, n.

Defn: The yellowish, fragrant balsam yielded by the sweet gum; also, the tree itself.

COPARCENARY
Co*par"ce*na*ry, n.; pl. Coparcenaries. Etym: [Pref. co- + parcenary]
(Law)

Defn: Partnership in inheritance; joint heirship; joint right of sucession to an inheritance.

COPARCENER
Co*par"ce*ner, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + parcener.] (Law)

Defn: One who has an equal portion with others of an inheritance. All the coparceners together make but one heir, and have but one estate among them. blackstone.

COPARCENY
Co*par"ce*ny, n. Etym: [Abbrev. of Coparcenary.] (Law)

Defn: An equal share of an inheritance.

COPART
Co*part, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Compart]

Defn: To share. [Obs.] For, of all miserias, I hold that chief Wretched to be, when none coparts our grief. Webster (1661).

COPARTMENT
Co*part"ment, n.

Defn: A compartment. [Obs.] T. Warton.

COPARTNER
Co*part"ner, n.

Defn: One who is jointly concerned with one or more persons in business, etc.; a partner; an associate; a partaker; a sharer. the associates and copartners of our loss. Milton.

COPARTNERSHIP
Co*part"ner*ship, n.

1. The state of being a copartner or of having a joint interest in any matter.

2. A partnership or firm; as, A. and B. have this day formed a copartnership.

COPARTNERY
Co*part"ner*y, n.; pl. Copartneries (.

Defn: the state of being copartners in any undertaking. [R.]

COPATAIN
Cop"a*tain, a. Etym: [Formed fr. cop, in imitation of captain. See
Cop, Captain.]

Defn: Having a high crown, or a point or peak at top. [Obs.]
A copatain hat made on a Flemish block. Gascoigne.

COPATRIOT
Co*pa"tri*ot, n.

Defn: A joint patriot.

COPE
Cope, n. Etym: [A doublet of cape. See Cape, Cap.]

1. A covering for the head. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Anything regarded as extended over the head, as the arch or concave of the sky, the roof of a house, the arch over a door. "The starry cope of heaven." Milton.

3. An ecclesiastical vestment or cloak, semicircular in form, reaching from the shoulders nearly to the feet, and open in front except at the top, whereit is united by a band or clasp. It is worn in processions and on some other occasions. Piers plowman. A hundred and sixty priests all in their copes. Bp. Burnet.

4. An ancient tribute due to the lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in derbyshire, England.

5. (Founding)

Defn: The top part of a flask or mold; the outer part of a loam mold.
Knight. De Colange.

COPE
Cope, v. i.

Defn: To form a cope or arch; to bend or arch; to bow. [Obs.]
Some bending down and coping to ward the earth. Holland.

COPE
Cope, v. t. (Falconry)

Defn: To pare the beak or talons of (a hawk). J. H. Walsh.

COPE Cope, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Coped; p.pr. & vb.n. Coping.] Etym: [OE. copen, coupen, to buy, bargain, prob. from D. koopen to buy, orig., to bargain. See Chear.]

1. To exchange or barter. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To encounter; to meet; to have to do with. Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man As e'er my conversation coped withal. Shak.

3. To enter into or maintain a hostile contest; to struggle; to combat; especially, to strive or contend on equal terms or with success; to match; to equal; — usually followed by with. Host coped with host, dire was the din of war. Philips. Their generals have not been able to cope with the troops of Athens. Addison.

COPE
Cope, v. t.

1. To bargain for; to buy. [Obs.]

2. To make return for; to requite; to repay. [Obs.] three thousand ducats due unto the Jew, We freely cope your courteous pains withal. Shak.

3. To match one's self against; to meet; to encounter. I love to cope him in these sullen fits. Shak. They say he yesterday coped Hector in the battle, and struck him down. Shak.

COPE-CHISEL
Cope"-chis`el, n.

Defn: A narrow chisel adapted for cutting a groove. Knight.

COPECK
Co"peck, n. Etym: [Russ. kopeika]

Defn: A Russian copper coin. See Kopeck.

COPED
Coped, a.

Defn: Clad in a cope.

COPELATA
Cop`e*la"ta, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Larvalla.

COPEMAN
Cope"man, n. Etym: [D. koopman, fr. koopen to buy. See Cope, v. i.
Chapman.]

Defn: A chapman; a dealer; a merchant. [Obs.] He would have sold his part of paradise For ready money, had he met a copeman. B. Jonson.

COPENHAGEN
Co`pen*ha"gen, n. [From Copenhagen, Denmark.]

1.

Defn: A sweetened hot drink of spirit and beaten eggs.

2. A children's game in which one player is inclosed by a circle of others holding a rope.

COPEPOD
Cop"e*pod, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Copepoda.
— n.

Defn: One of the Copepoda.

COPEPODA
Co*pep"o*da, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomastraca, including many minute Crustacea, both freshwater and marine.

Note: They have a distinct carapace. The eggs are carried in a pair of external pouches. Some are parasites of fishes.

COPERNICAN
Co*per"ni*can, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Copernicus, a Prussian by birth (b. 1473, d. 1543), who taught the world the solar system now received, called the Copernican system.

COPESMATE
Copes"mate`, n.

Defn: An associate or companion; a friend; a partner. [Obs.]
Misshapen time, copesmate of ugly Night. Shak.

COPESTONE
Cope"stone`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A stone for coping. See Coping.

COPIER
Cop"i*er, n. Etym: [From. Copy.]

1. One who copies; one who writes or transcribes from an original; a transcriber.

2. An imitator; one who imitates an example; hence, a plagiarist.

COPING
Cop"ing, n. Etym: [See Cope, n.] (Arch.)

Defn: The highest or covering course of masonry in a wall, often with sloping edges to carry off water; — sometimes called capping. Gwill.

COPIOUS Co"pi*ous, a. Etym: [L. copiosus, fr. copia abundance: cf. F. copieux. See Copy, Opulent.]

Defn: Large in quantity or amount; plentiful; abundant; fruitful.
Kindly pours its copious treasures forth. Thomson.
Hail, Son of God, Savior of men! thy name Shall be the copious matter
of my song. Milton.

Syn. — Ample; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; rich; full; exuberant; overflowing; full. See Ample.

COPIOUSLY
Co"pi*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a copious manner.

COPIOUSNESS
Co"pi*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being copious; abudance; plenty; also,
diffuseness in style.
To imitatethe copiousness of Homer. Dryden.

Syn.
— Abudance; plenty; richness; exuberance.

COPIST
Cop"ist, n. Etym: [F. copiste. See Copy.]

Defn: A copier. [Obs.] "A copist after nature." Shaftesbury.

COPLANAR
Co*plan"ar, a. Etym: [Pref. co- + plane.] (Math.)

Defn: Situated in one plane.

COPLAND
Cop"land`, n. Etym: [Cop + land.]

Defn: A piece of ground terminating in a point or acute angle. [Obs.]

COPORTION
Co*por"tion, n.

Defn: Equal share. [Obs.]
Myself will bear . . . coportion of your pack. Spenser.

COPPED
Copped, a. Etym: [From Cop.]

Defn: Rising to a point or head; conical; pointed; crested. Wiseman.

COPPEL
Cop"pel, n. & v.

Defn: See Cupel.

COPPER
Cop"per, n. Etym: [OE. coper (cf. D. koper, Sw. koppar, Dan. kobber,
G. kupfer), LL. cuper, fr. L. cuprum for earlier Cyprium, Cyprium
aes, i.e., Cyprian brass, fr. Gr. Cypreous.]

1. A common metal of a reddish color, both ductile and malleable, and very tenacious. It is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Symbol Cu. Atomic weight 63.3. It is one of the most useful metals in itself, and also in its alloys, brass and bronze.

Note: Copper is the only metal which occurs native abundantly in large masses; it is found also in various ores, of which the most important are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, cuprite, and malachite. Copper mixed with tin forms bell metal; with a smaller proportion, bronze; and with zinc, it forms brass, pinchbeck, and other alloys.

2. A coin made of copper; a penny, cent, or other minor coin of copper. [Colloq.] My friends filled my pockets with coppers. Franklin.

3. A vessel, especially a large boiler, made of copper.

4. pl. Specifically (Naut.),

Defn: the boilers in the galley for cooking; as, a ship's coppers.

Note: Copper is often used adjectively, commonly in the sense of made
or consisting of copper, or resembling copper; as, a copper boiler,
tube, etc.
All in a hot and copper sky. Coleridge.

Note: It is sometimes written in combination; as, copperplate,
coppersmith, copper-colored. Copper finch. (Zoöl.) See Chaffinch.
— Copper glance, or Vitreous copper. (Min.) See Chalcocite.
— Indigo copper. (Min.) See Covelline.

COPPER
Cop"per, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coppered; p.pr. & vb.n. Coppering.]

Defn: To cover or coat with copper; to sheathe with sheets of copper; as, to copper a ship.

COPPERAS
Cop"per*as, n. Etym: [OE. coperose, F. couperose, fr. (assumed) L.
cuprirosa, equiv. to G. cha`lkanqos, i. e. copper flower, vitriol.
See Copper and Rose.]

Defn: Green vitriol, or sulphate of iron; a green crystalline substance, of an astringent taste, used in making ink, in dyeing black, as a tonic in medicine, etc. It is made on a large scale by the oxidation of iron pyrites. Called also ferrous sulphate.

Note: The term copperas was formerly synonymous with vitriol, and included the green, blue, and white vitriols, or the sulphates of iron, copper, and zinc.

COPPER-BOTTOMED
Cop"per-bot`tomed, a.

Defn: Having a bottom made of copper, as a tin boiler or other vessel, or sheathed with copper, as a ship.

COPPER-FACED
Cop"per-faced`, a.

Defn: Faced or covered with copper; as, copper-faced type.

COPPER-FASTENED
Cop"per-fas`tened, a.

Defn: Fastened with copper bolts, as the planks of ships, etc.; as, a copper-fastened ship.

COPPERHEAD
Cop"per*head`, n. Etym: [From its color.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A poisonous American serpent (Ancistrodon conotortrix), closely allied to the rattlesnake, but without rattles; — called also copper-belly, and red viper.

2. A nickname applied to a person in the Northern States who sympathized with the South during the Civil War. [U.S.]

COPPERING
Cop"per*ing, n.

1. The act of covering with copper.

2. An envelope or covering of copper.

COPPERISH
Cop"per*ish, a.

Defn: Containing, or partaking of the nature of, copper; like copper; as, a copperish taste.

COPPER-NICKEL
Cop"per-nick`el, n. (Min.)

Defn: Nicolite.

COPPER-NOSE
Cop"per-nose, n.

Defn: A red nose. Shak.

COPPERPLATE Cop"per*plate, n. (a) A plate of polished copper on which a design or writing is engraved. (b) An impression on paper taken from such a plate.

Note: In printing from a copper- or steel plate the lines are filled with ink, the surface of the plate is wiped clean, the paper laid upon it, and the impression taken by pressing it under the roller of a plate press. Copperplate press. See Plate press, under Plate.

COPPERSMITH
Cop"per*smith, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to manufacture copper utensils; a worker in copper.

COPPER WORKS
Cop"per works.

Defn: A place where copper is wrought or manufactured. Woodward.

COPPERWORM Cop"per*worm, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The teredo; — so called because it injures the bottoms of vessels, where not protected by copper. (b) The ringworm.

COPPERY
Cop"per*y, a.

Defn: Mixed with copper; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper.

COPPICE Cop"pice, n. Etym: [OF. copeiz, fr. coper, couper, to cut, F. couper, fr. cop, coup, colp, a blow, F. coup, L. colaphus, fr. G. Copse, and cf. Coup, Coupee.]

Defn: A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes. See Copse. The rate of coppice lands will fall, upon the discovery of coal mines. Locke.

COPPIN
Cop"pin, n.Etym: [See Cop.]

Defn: A cop of thread.

COPPLE
Cop"ple, n. Etym: [A dim. of Cop.]

Defn: Something rising in a conical shape; specifically, a hill
rising to a point.
A low cape, and upon it a copple not very high. Hakluyt.

COPPLE-CROWN
Cop"ple-crown, n.

Defn: A created or high-topped crown or head. "Like the copple-crown the lapwing has." T. Randolph. — Cop"ple-crowned`, a.

COPPLED
Cop"pled, a. Etym: [From Copple.]

Defn: Rising to a point; conical; copped. [Obs.] Woodward.

COPPLE DUST
Cop"ple dust`.

Defn: Cupel dust. [Obs.]
Powder of steel, or copple dust. Bacon.

COPPLESTONE
Cop"ple*stone`, n.

Defn: A cobblestone. [Obs.]

COPPS
Copps, n.

Defn: See Copse. [Obs.]

COPRA
Co"pra, n. Etym: [Malayálam koppara or Hind. khopra.] (Com.)

Defn: The dried meat of the cocoanut, from which cocoanut oil is expressed. [Written also cobra, copperah, coppra.]

COPROLITE
Cop"ro*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. ko`pros dung + -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A piece of petrified dung; a fossil excrement.

COPROLITIC
Cop`ro*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Containing, pertaining to, or of the nature of, coprolites.

COPROPHAGAN
Co*proph"a*gan, n. Etym: [See Coprophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of beetle which feeds upon dung.

COPROPHAGOUS
Co*proph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feeding upon dung, as certain insects.

COP-ROSE Cop-rose`, n. Etym: [F. coprose, of uncertain origin; cf. D. klaproos, klapperroos.]

Defn: The red, or corn, poppy. [Written also cup-rose.]

COPS
Cops, n. Etym: [AS. cops, cosp, fetter.]

Defn: The connecting crook of a harrow. [Prov. Eng.]

COPSE
Copse, n. Etym: [Contr. from coppice.]

Defn: A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice.
Near yonder copse where once the garden smiled. Goldsmith.

COPSE
Copse, v. t.

1. To trim or cut; — said of small trees, brushwood, tufts of grass, etc. Halliwell.

2. To plant and preserve, as a copse. Swift.

COPSEWOOD
Copse"wood, n.

Defn: Brushwood; coppice. Macaulay.

COPSY
Cops"y, a.

Defn: Characterized by copses. "Copsy villages." "Copsy banks." J.
Dyer.

COPTIC Cop"tic, a. Etym: [Abbrev. from L. Aegyptius an Egyprian, Gr. kibti, pl. kibt.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Copts. — n.

Defn: The language of the Copts.

COPTIC CHURCH
Coptic Church.

Defn: The native church of Egypt or church of Alexandria, which in general organization and doctrines resembles the Roman Catholic Church, except that it holds to the Monophysitic doctrine which was condemned (a. d. 451) by the council of Chalcedon, and allows its priests to marry. The "pope and patriarch" has jurisdiction over the Abyssinian Church. Since the 7th century the Coptic Church has been so isolated from modifying influences that in many respects it is the most ancient monument of primitive Christian rites and ceremonies. But centuries of subjection to Moslem rule have weakened and degraded it.

COPTS
Copts, n. pl.; sing. Copt. Etym: [See Coptic.] (Etnol.)

1. An Egyptian race thought to be descendants of the ancient Egyptians.

2. The principal sect of Christians in Egypt and the valley of the Nile.

Note: they belong to the Jacobite sect of Monophysite Christians, and for eleven centuries have had possession of the patriarchal chair of Alexandria.

COPULA
Cop"u*la, n. Etym: [L., bond, band. See Couple.]

1. (Logic & Gram.)

Defn: The word which unites the subject and predicate.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The stop which connects the manuals, or the manuals with the pedals; — called also coupler.

COPULATE Cop"u*late, a. Etym: [L. copulatus, p.p. of copulare to couple, fr. copula. See Copula.]

1. Joined; associated; coupled. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Joining subject and predicate; copulative. F. A. March.

COPULATE
Cop"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p.p. Copulated; p.pr. & vb.n. Copulating.]

Defn: To unite in sexual intercourse; to come together in the act of generation.

COPULATION
Cop`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. copulatio: cf. F. copulation.]

1. The act of coupling or joining; union; conjunction. Wit, you know, is the unexpected copulation of ideas. Johnson.

2. The coming together of male and female in the act of generation; sexual union; coition.

COPULATIVE
Cop"u*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. copulativus: cf. F. copulatif.]

Defn: Serving to couple, unite, or connect; as, a copulative conjunction like "and".

COPULATIVE
Cop"u*la*tive, n.

1. Connection. [Obs.] Rycaut.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A copulative conjunction.

COPULATIVELY
Cop"u*la"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a copulative manner.

COPULATORY
Cop"u*la*tory, a.

1. Pertaining to copulation; tending or serving to unite; copulative.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Used in sexual union; as, the copulatory organs of insects.

COPY
Cop"y, n.; pl. Copies. Etym: [F. copie, fr. L. copia abundance,
number, LL. also, a transcript; co- + the root of opes riches. See
Opulent, and cf. Copious.]

1. An abundance or plenty of anything. [Obs.] She was blessed with no more copy of wit, but to serve his humor thus. B. Jonson.

2. An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an original work; as, a copy of a letter, an engraving, a painting, or a statue. I have not the vanity to think my copy equal to the original. Denham.

3. An individual book, or a single set of books containing the works of an author; as, a copy of the Bible; a copy of the works of Addison.

4. That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or reproduced; a pattern, model, or example; as, his virtues are an excellent copy for imitation. Let him first learn to write, after a copy, all the letters. Holder.

5. (print.)

Defn: Manuscript or printed matter to be set up in type; as, the printers are calling for more copy.

6. A writing paper Bastard. See under Paper.

7. Copyhold; tenure; lease. [Obs.] Shak. Copy book, a book in which copies are written or printed for learners to imitate. — Examined copies (Law), those which have been compared with the originals. — Exemplified copies, those which are attested under seal of a court. — Certified or Office copies, those which are made or attested by officers having charge of the originals, and authorized to give copies officially. Abbot.

Syn.
— Imitation; transcript; duplicate; counterfeit.

COPY
Cop"y, v. t. [imp. & p.p. Copied; p.pr. & vb.n. Copying.] Etym: [Cf.
F. copir, fr. LL. copiare. See Copy, n.]

1. To make a copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or paint after an original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to transcribe; as, to copy a manuscript, inscription, design, painting, etc.; — often with out, sometimes with off. I like the work well; ere it be demanded (As like enough it will), I'd have it copied. Shak. Let this be copied out, And keep it safe for our remembrance. Shak.

2. To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in manners or course of life. We copy instinctively the voices of our companions, their accents, and their modes of pronunciation. Stewart.

COPY
Cop"y, v. i.

1. To make a copy or copies; to imitate.

2. To yield a duplicate or transcript; as, the letter did not copy well. Some . . . never fail, when they copy, to follow the bad as well as the good things. Dryden.

COPYER
Cop"y*er, n.

Defn: See Copier.

COPYGRAPH
Cop"y*graph, n.

Defn: A contrivance for producing manifold copies of a writing or drawing.

Note: The writing or drawing is made with aniline ink on paper, and a reverse copy transferred by pressure to a slab of gelatin softened with glycerin. A large number of transcripts can be taken while the ink is fresh. Various names have been given to the process [the gelatin copying process], some of them acceptable and others absurd; hectograph, polygraph, copygraph, lithogram, etc. Knight.

COPYHOLD Cop"y*hold`, n. (Eng. Law) (a) A tenure of estate by copy of court roll; or a tenure for which the tenant has nothing to show, except the rolls made by the steward of the lord's court. Blackstone. (b) Land held in copyhold. Milton.

Note: Copyholds do not exist in the United States.

COPYHOLDER
Cop"y*hold`er, n.

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One possessed of land in copyhold.

2. (print.) (a) A device for holding copy for a compositor. (b) One who reads copy to a proof reader.

COPYING
Cop"y*ing, a. & n.

Defn: From Copy, v. Copying ink. See under Ink. — Copying paper, thin unsized paper used for taking copies of letters, etc., in a copying press. — Copying press, a machine for taking by pressure, an exact copy of letters, etc., written in copying ink.

COPYIST
Cop"y*ist, n.

Defn: A copier; a transcriber; an imitator; a plagiarist.

COPYRIGHT
Cop"y*right, n.

Defn: The right of an author or his assignee, under statute, to print and publish his literary or artistic work, exclusively of all other persons. This right may be had in maps, charts, engravings, plays, and musical compositions, as well as in books.

Note: In the United States a copyright runs for the term of twenty- eight years, with right of renewal for fourteen years on certain conditions. International copyright, an author's right in his productions as secured by treaty between nations.

COPYRIGHT
Cop"y*right`, v. t.

Defn: To secure a copyright on.

COQUE
Coque, n. [F., prop., a shell.]

Defn: A small loop or bow of ribbon used in making hats, boas, etc.

COQUELICOT
Coque"li*cot`, n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The wild poppy, or red corn rose.

2. The color of the wild poppy; a color nearly red, like orange mixed with scarlet.

COQUET
Co*quet", v. t. [imp. & p.p. Coquetted; p.pr. & vb.n. Coquetting.]

Defn: To attempt to attract the notice, admiration, or love of; to
treat with a show of tenderness or regard, with a view to deceive and
disappoint.
You are coquetting a maid of honor. Swift.

COQUET
Co*quet", v. i.

Defn: To trifle in love; to stimulate affection or interest; to play the coquette; to deal playfully instead of seriously; to play (with); as, we have coquetted with political crime.

COQUETRY
Co*quet"ry, n.; pl. Coquetries. Etym: [F. coquetterie.]

Defn: Attempts to attract admoration, notice, or love, for the mere gratification of vanity; trifling in love. "Little affectations of coquetry." Addison.

COQUETTE
Co*quette", n. Etym: [F., fr. coquet, coquette, coquettish, orig.,
cocklike, strutting like a cock, fr. coq a cock. Cf. Cock, Cocket,
Cocky, Cockade.]

1. A vain, trifling woman, who endeavors to attract admiration from a desire to grafity vanity; a flirt; — formerly sometimes applied also to men.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tropical humming bird of the genus Lophornis, with very elegant neck plumes. Several species are known. See Illustration under Spangle, v. t.

COQUETTISH
Co*quet"tish, a.

Defn: Practicing or exhibiting coquetry; alluring; enticing.
A pretty, coquettish housemaid. W. Irving.

COQUETTISHLY
Co*quet"tish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coquettish manner.

COQUILLA NUT Co*quil"la nut. Etym: [Pg. coquilho, Sp. coquillo, dim. of coco a cocoanut.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit of a Brazilian tree (Attalea funifera of Martius.).

Note: Its shell is hazel-brown in color, very hard and close in texture, and much used by turners in forming ornamental articles, such as knobs for umbrella handles.

COQUILLE Co*quille" (ko*kel"; F. ko`ke"y'), n. [F.] Lit., a shell; hence: (a) A shell or shell-like dish or mold in which viands are served. (b) The expansion of the guard of a sword, dagger, etc. (c) A form of ruching used as a dress trimming or for neckwear, and named from the manner in which it is gathered or fulled. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

COQUIMBITE
Co*quim"bite, n.

Defn: A mineral consisting principally of sulphate of iron; white copperas; — so called because found in the province of Coquimbo, Chili.

COQUINA
Co*qui"na, n. Etym: [Sp., shellfish, cockle.]

Defn: A soft, whitish, coral-like stone, formed of broken shells and corals, found in the southern United States, and used for roadbeds and for building material, as in the fort at St. Augustine, Florida.

COR-
Cor-.

Defn: A prefix signifying with, together, etc. See Com-.

COR
Cor, n. Etym: [Heb. k.]

Defn: A Hebrew measure of capacity; a homer. [Written also core.]

CORA
Co"ra, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Arabian gazelle (Gazella Arabica), found from persia to
North Africa.

CORACLE Cor"a*cle, n. Etym: [W. corwgl, cwrwgl, fr. corwg, cwrwg, any round body or vessel, the trunk of the body, carcass.]

Defn: A boat made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oilcloth. It was used by the ancient Britons, and is still used by fisherman in Wales and some parts of Ireland. Also, a similar boat used in Thibet and in Egypt.

CORACOID
Cor"a*coid, a.Etym: [Gr. ko`rax crow + e'i^dos form.]

1. Shaped like a crow's beak.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a bone of the shoulder girdle in most birds, reptiles, and amphibians, which is reduced to a process of the scapula in most mammals.

CORACOID
Cor"a*coid, n.

Defn: The coracoid bone or process.

CORAGE
Cor"age (; OF. , n.

Defn: See Courage [Obs.]
To Canterbury with full devout corage. Chaucer.

CORAH
Co"rah, n. [Hind. kora virgin, plain.]

Defn: Plain; undyed; — applied to Indian silk. — n.

Defn: Corah silk.

CORAL
Cor"al, n. Etym: [Of. coral, F, corail, L. corallum, coralium, fr.
Gr. kora`llion.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard parts or skeleton of various Anthozoa, and of a few
Hydrozoa. Similar structures are also formed by some Bryozoa.

Note: The large stony corals forming coral reefs belong to various genera of Madreporaria, and to the hydroid genus, Millepora. The red coral, used in jewelry, is the stony axis of the stem of a gorgonian (Corallium rubrum) found chiefly in the Mediterranean. The fan corals, plume corals, and sea feathers are species of Gorgoniacea, in which the axis is horny. Organ-pipe coral is formed by the genus Tubipora, an Alcyonarian, and black coral is in part the axis of species of the genus Antipathes. See Anthozoa, Madrepora.

2. The ovaries of a cooked lobster; — so called from their color.

3. A piece of coral, usually fitted with small bells and other appurtenances, used by children as a plaything. Brain coral, or Brain stone coral. See under Brain. — Chain coral. See under Chain. — Coral animal (Zoöl.), one of the polyps by which corals are formed. They are often very erroneously called coral insects. — Coral fish. See in the Vocabulary. — Coral reefs (Phys. Geog.), reefs, often of great extent, made up chiefly of fragments of corals, coral sands, and the solid limestone resulting from their consolidation. They are classed as fringing reefs, when they border the land; barrier reefs, when separated from the shore by a broad belt of water; atolls, when they constitute separate islands, usually inclosing a lagoon. See Atoll. — Coral root (Bot.), a genus (Corallorhiza) of orchideous plants, of a yellowish or brownish red color, parasitic on roots of other plants, and having curious jointed or knotted roots not unlike some kinds of coral. See Illust. under Coralloid. — Coral snake. (Zo) (a) A small, venomous, Brazilian snake (Elaps corallinus), coral-red, with black bands. (b) A small, harmless, South American snake (Tortrix scytale). — Coral tree (Bot.), a tropical, leguminous plant, of several species, with showy, scarlet blossoms and coral-red seeds. The best known is Erythrina Corallodendron. — Coral wood, a hard, red cabinet wood. McElrath.

CORALED
Cor"aled, a.

Defn: Having coral; covered with coral.

CORAL FISH
Cor"al fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bright-colored fish of the genera Chætodon, Pomacentrus,
Apogon, and related genera, which live among reef corals.

CORALLACEOUS
Cor`al*la"ceous, a.

Defn: Like coral, or partaking of its qualities.

CORALLIAN
Co*ral"li*an, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A deposit of coralliferous limestone forming a portion of the middle division of the oölite; — called also coral-rag.

CORALLIFEROUS
Cor`al*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. corallum coral + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or producing coral.

CORALLIFORM
Cor"al*li*form, a. Etym: [L. corallum coral + -form.]

Defn: resembling coral in form.

CORALLIGENA Cor`al*lig"e*na, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. corallum coral + root of gignere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anthozoa.

CORALLIGENOUS
Cor`al*lig"e*nous, a.

Defn: producing coral; coraligerous; coralliferous. Humble.

CORALLIGEROUS
Cor`al*lig"er*ous, a Etym: [L. corallum coral + -gerous.]

Defn: Producing coral; coraliferous.

CORALLIN Cor"al*lin, n. Etym: [So named in allusion to the color of red corallin, fr. L. corallum coral.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow coal-tar dyestuff which probably consists chiefly of rosolic acid. See Aurin, and Rosolic acid under Rosolic. Red corallin, a red dyestuff which is obtained by treating aurin or rosolic acid with ammonia; — called also pæonin. — Yellow corallin. See Aurin.

CORALLINE
Cor"al*line ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. L. corallinus coralred.]

Defn: Composed of corallines; as, coralline limestone.

CORALLINE
Cor"al*line, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coralline.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A submarine, semicalcareous or calcareous plant, consisting of many jointed branches.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Formerly any slender coral-like animal; — sometimes applied more particulary to bryozoan corals.

CORALLINITE
Cor"al*lin*ite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coralline.

CORALLITE
Cor"al*lite, n. Etym: [L. corallum coral.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of coral.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the individual members of a compound coral; or that part formed by a single coral animal. [Written also corallet.]

CORALLOID
Cor"al*loid, a. Etym: [L. corallum coral + -oid: cf. F. coralloïde.]

Defn: Having the form of coral; branching like coral.

CORALLOIDAL
Cor`al*loid"al, a.

Defn: resembling coral; coralloid. Sir T. browne.

CORALLUM
Co*ral"lum, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The coral or skeleton of a zoöphyte, whether calcareous of horny, simple or compound. See Coral.

CORAL-RAG
Cor"al-rag`, n. (geol.)

Defn: Same as Corallian.

CORALWORT
Cor"al*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A cruciferous herb of certain species of Dentaria; — called also toothwort, tooth violet, or pepper root.

CORANACH
Cor"a*nach, n. Etym: [Gael. coranach, or corranach, a crying, the
Irish funeral cry (the keen), a dirge; comh with + ranaich a roaring,
ran to roar, shriek.]

Defn: A lamentation for the dead; a dirge. [Written also coranich, corrinoch, coronach, cronach, etc.] [Scot.]

CORANT; CORANTO
Co*rant, Co*ran"to, n. Etym: [See Courant.]

Defn: A sprightly but somewhat stately dance, now out of fashion.
It is harder to dance a corant well, than a jig. Sir W. temple.
Dancing a coranto with him upon the heath. Macaulay.

CORB
Corb, n. Etym: [L. corbis basket. Cf. Corbeil, Corp.]

1. A basket used in coal mines, etc. see Corf.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in a building; a corbel.

CORBAN
Cor"ban, n. Etym: [Heb. qorban, akin to Ar. qurban.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.) An offering of any kind, devoted to God and therefore not be appropriated to any other use; esp., an offering in fulfillment of a vow.

Note: In the old Testament the hebrew word is usually translated "oblation" as in Numb. xviii. 9, xxxi. 50.

Note: The traditionists laid down that a man might interdict himself by vow, not only from using for himself, but from giving to another, or receiving from him, some particular object, whether of food or any other kind. A person might thus exempt himself from assisting parents in distress, under plea of corban. Dr. W. Smith.

2. An alms basket; a vessel to receive gifts of charity; a treasury of the church, where offerings are deposited.

CORBE
Corbe, a. Etym: [OF. corbe, fr. L. curvus. See Cuve.]

Defn: Crooked. [Obs.] "Corbe shoulder." Spenser.

CORBEIL Cor"beil, n. Etym: [F. corbeile, fr. L. corbicula a little basket, dim. of corbis basket. Cf. Corbel, Corb, Corvette.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A sculptured basket of flowers; a corbel. [Obs.]

2. pl. (Fort.)

Defn: Small gabions. Brande & C.

CORBEL
Cor"bel, n. Etym: [F. corbeau, for older corbel, dim. of L. corbis
basket. (Corbels were often in the form of a basket.) See Corbeil.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A bracket supporting a superincumbent object, or receiving the spring of an arch. Corbels were employed largely in Gothic architecture.

Note: A common form of corbel consists of courses of stones or bricks, each projecting slightly beyond the next below it.

CORBEL
Cor"bel, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a corbel or corbels; to support by a corbel; to make in the form of a corbel. To corbel out, to furnish with a corbel of courses, each projecting beyond the one next below it.

CORBELING; CORBELLING
Cor"bel*ing, Cor"bel*ling, n.

Defn: Corbel work or the construction of corbels; a series of corbels or piece of continuous corbeled masonry, sometimes of decorative purpose, as in the stalactite ornament of the Moslems.

CORBEL-TABLE
Cor"bel-ta`ble, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A horizontal row of corbels, with the panels or filling between them; also, less properly used to include the stringcourse on them.

CORBIE; CORBY Cor"bie or Cor"by, n.; pl. Corbies. Etym: [F. corbeau, OF. corbel, dim. fr. L. corvus raven.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The raven. [Scot.]

2. (her.)

Defn: A raven, crow, or chough, used as a charge. Corbie crow, the carrion crow. [Scot.]

CORBIESTEP
Cor"bie*step`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the steps in which a gable wall is often finished in place of a continuous slope; — also called crowstep.

CORCHORUS
Cor"cho*rus, n. Etym: [Nl., fr. L. corchorus a poor kind of pulse,
Gr. ko`rchoros a wild plant of bitter taste.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common name of the kerria Japonica or Japan globeflower, a yellow-flowered, perennial, rosaceous plant, seen in old-fashioned gardens.

CORCLE; CORCULE Cor"cle, Cor"cule, n. Etym: [L. corculum a little heart, dim. of cor heart.] (Bot.)

Defn: The heart of the seed; the embryo or germ. [Obs.]

CORD Cord, n. Etym: [F. corde, L. chorda catgut, chord, cord, fr. Gr. haruspex soothsayer (inspector of entrails), Icel. görn, pl. garnir gut, and E. yarn. Cf. Chord, Yarn.]

1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted together.

2. A solid measure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile of wood, or other coarse material, eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet broad; — originally measured with a cord or line.

3. Fig.: Any moral influence by which persons are caught, held, or drawn, as if by a cord; an enticement; as, the cords of the wicked; the cords of sin; the cords of vanity. The knots that tangle human creeds, The wounding cords that bind and strain The heart until it bleeds. Tennyson.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: Any structure having the appearance of a cord, esp. a tendon or a nerve. See under Spermatic, Spinal, Umbilical, Vocal.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: See Chord. [Obs.] Cord wood, wood for fuel cut to the length of four feet (when of full measure).

CORD
Cord (krd), v. t. [imp. & p.p. Corded; p. pr. & vb. n. Cording.]

1. To bind with a cord; to fasten with cords; to connect with cords; to ornament or finish with a cord or cords, as a garment.

2. To arrange (wood, etc.) in a pile for measurement by the cord.

CORDAGE
Cord"age (krd"j), n. Etym: [F. cordage. See Cord.]

Defn: Ropes or cords, collectively; hence, anything made of rope or cord, as those parts of the rigging of a ship which consist of ropes.

CORDAL
Cord"al (krd"al), n.

Defn: Same as Cordelle.

CORDATE
Cordate (kr"dt), a. Etym: [L. cor, cordis, heart.] (Bot.)

Defn: Heart-shaped; as, a cordate leaf.

CORDATELY
Cor"date*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cordate form.

CORDED
Cord"ed (krd"d), a.

1. Bound or fastened with cords.

2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord.

3. Made of cords. [Obs.] "A corded ladder." Shak.

4. Striped or ribbed with cords; as, cloth with a corded surface.

5. (Her.)

Defn: Bound about, or wound, with cords.

CORDELIER Cor`de*lier" (kr`dlr"), n. Etym: [F., fr. OF. cordel, F. cordeau, dim. fr. corde string, rope. See Cord.]

1. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A Franciscan; — so called in France from the girdle of knotted cord worn by all Franciscans.

2. (Fr. Hist.)

Defn: A member of a French political club of the time of the first Revolution, of which Danton and Marat were members, and which met in an old Cordelier convent in Paris.

CORDELING Cor"del*ing (kr"dlng), a. Etym: [F. cordeler to twist, fr. OF. cordel. See Cordelier.]

Defn: Twisting.

CORDELLE
Cor*delle" (kr-dl"), n. Etym: [F., dim. of corde cord.]

Defn: A twisted cord; a tassel. Halliwell.

CORDIAL Cor"dial (kr"jal, formally krd"yal; 106, 277), a. Etym: [LL. cordialis, fr. L. cor heart: cf. F. cordial. See Heart.]

1. Proceeding from the heart. [Obs.] A rib with cordial spirits warm. Milton.

2. Hearty; sincere; warm; affectionate. He . . . with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamored. Milton.

3. Tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate; giving strength or spirits. Behold this cordial julep here That flames and dances in his crystal bounds. Milton.

Syn. — Hearty; sincere; heartfelt; warm; affectionate; cheering; invigorating. See Hearty.

CORDIAL
Cor"dial, n.

1. Anything that comforts, gladdens, and exhilarates. Charms to my sight, and cordials to my mind. Dryden.

2. (Med)

Defn: Any invigorating and stimulating preparation; as, a peppermint cordial.

3. (Com.)

Defn: Aromatized and sweetened spirit, used as a beverage; a liqueur.

CORDIALITY Cor*dial"i*ty (k, n.; pl. Cordialities (-t. Etym: [LL. cordialitas, fr. cordialis sincere: cf. F. cordialité.]

1. Relation to the heart. [Obs.] That the ancients had any respect of cordiality or reference unto the heart, will much be doubted. Sir T. Browne.

2. Sincere affection and kindness; warmth of regard; heartiness. Motley.

CORDIALIZE
Cor"dial*ize (kr"jal-z or krd"yal-z; 106), v. t.

1. To make into a cordial.

2. To render cordial; to reconcile.

CORDIALIZE
Cor"dial*ize, v. i.

Defn: To grow cordial; to feel or express cordiality. [R.]

CORDIALLY
Cor"dial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cordial manner. Dr. H. More.

CORDIALNESS
Cor"dial*ness, n.

Defn: Cordiality. Cotgrave.

CORDIERITE
Cor"di*er*ite (k, n. Etym: [Named after the geologist Cordier.]
(Min.)

Defn: See Iolite.

CORDIFORM
Cor"di*form (kr"d-frm), a. Etym: [L. cor, cordis, heart + -form, cf.
F. cordiforme.]

Defn: Heart-shaped. Gray.

CORDILLERA
Cor*dil"ler*a (kr-dl"lr-; Sp. kr`d-ly"r), n. Etym: [Sp., fr. OSp.
cordilla, cordiella, dim. of cuerda a rope, string. See Cord.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A mountain ridge or chain.

Note: Cordillera is sometimes applied, in geology, to the system of mountain chains near the border of a continent; thus, the western cordillera of North America in the United States includes the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, Coast and Cascade ranges.

CORDINER
Cor"di*ner (kr"d-nr), n.

Defn: A cordwainer. [Obs.]

CORDITE
Cord"ite, n. [From Cord, n.] (Mil.)

Defn: A smokeless powder composed of nitroglycerin, guncotton, and mineral jelly, and used by the British army and in other services. In making it the ingredients are mixed into a paste with the addition of acetone and pressed out into cords (of various diameters) resembling brown twine, which are dried and cut to length. A variety containing less nitroglycerin than the original is known as cordite M. D.

CORDON
Cor"don (kr"dn; F. kr"dn"), n. Etym: [F., fr. corde. See Cord.]

1. A cord or ribbon bestowed or borne as a badge of honor; a broad ribbon, usually worn after the manner of a baldric, constituting a mark of a very high grade in an honorary order. Cf. Grand cordon.

2. The cord worn by a Franciscan friar. Sir E. Sandys.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: The coping of the scarp wall, which projects beyong the face of the wall a few inches.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: A line or series of sentinels, or of military posts, inclosing or guarding any place or thing.

5. A rich and ornamental lace or string, used to secure a mantle in some costumes of state. Cordon bleu (kd" bl Etym: [F., blue cordon], a first-rate cook, or one worthy to be the cook of the cordons bleus, or Knights of the Holy Ghost, famous for their good dinners. — Cordon sanitaire (kd" s Etym: [F., sanitary cordon], a line of troops or military posts around a district infected with disease, to cut off communication, and thus prevent the disease from spreading.

CORDONNET
Cor`don`net" (kr`dn`n"), n. Etym: [F., dim. of cordon. See Cardon.]

Defn: Doubled and twisted thread, made of coarse silk, and used for tassels, fringes, etc. McElrath.

CORDOVAN
Cor"do*van (kr"d-vn), n. Etym: [Sp. cordoban, fr. Cordova, or
Cordoba, in Spain. Cf. Cordwain.]

Defn: Same as Cordwain. in England the name is applied to leather made from horsehide.

CORDUROY Cor"du*roy` (kr"d-roi` or kr"d-roi"), n. Etym: [Prob. for F. corde du roi king's cord.]

1. A sort of cotton velveteen, having the surface raised in ridges.

2. pl.

Defn: Trousers or breeches of corduroy. Corduroy road, a roadway formed of logs laid side by side across it, as in marshy places; — so called from its rough or ribbed surface, resembling corduroy. [U.S.]

CORDUROY
Cor"du*roy`, v. t.

Defn: To form of logs laid side by side. "Roads were corduroyed."
Gemn. W.T. Sherman.

CORDWAIN Cord"wain (krd"wn), n. Etym: [OE. cordewan, cordian, OF. cordoan, cordouan, fr. Sp. cordoban. See Cordovan.]

Defn: A term used in the Middle Ages for Spanish leather (goatskin tanned and dressed), and hence, any leather handsomely finished, colored, gilded, or the like. Buskins he wore of costliest cordwain. Spenser.

CORDWAINER Cord"wain*er (-r), n. Etym: [OE. cordwaner, cordiner, fr. OF. cordoanier, cordouanier, F. cordonnier.]

Defn: A worker in cordwain, or cordovan leather; a shoemaker.
[Archaic.]

CORDY
Cord"y (kôr"dy), a. [Compar. Cordier; superl. Cordiest.]

Defn: Of, or like, cord; having cords or cordlike parts.

CORE
Core (kr), n. Etym: [F. corps. See Corps.]

Defn: A body of individuals; an assemblage. [Obs.]
He was in a core of people. Bacon.

CORE
Core, n. Etym: [Cf. Chore.] (Mining.)

Defn: A miner's underground working time or shift. Raymond.

Note: The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four cores.

CORE
Core, n. Etym: [Heb. k: cf. Gr.

Defn: A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer. Num. xi. 32 (Douay version).

CORE
Core, n. Etym: [OF. cor, coer, cuer, F. c, fr. L. cor heart. See
Heart.]

1. The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince. A fever at the core, Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore. Byron.

2. The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the core of a ssquare. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

3. The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the core of a subject.

4. (Founding)

Defn: The prtion of a mold which shapes the interior of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting, or which makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the mold, made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some part of the casting, the form of which is not determined by that of the pattern.

5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

6. (Anat.)

Defn: The bony process which forms the central axis of the horns in many animals. Core box (Founding), a box or mold, usually divisible, in which cores are molded. — Core print (Founding), a projecting piece on a pattern which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in place or steadying a core.

CORE
Core, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cord (krd); p. pr. & vb. n. Coring.]

1. To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an apple. He's likee a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be cored out. Marston.

2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.

CO-REGENT
Co-re"gent (k-r"jent), n.

Defn: A joint regent or ruler.

CO-RELATION
Co`-re*la"tion (k`r-l"shn), n.

Defn: Corresponding relation.

CO-RELIGIONIST
Co`-re*li"gion*ist (-lj"n-st), n.

Defn: One of the same religion with another.

CORE LOSS
Core loss. (Elec.)

Defn: Energy wasted by hysteresis or eddy currents in the core of an armature, transformer, etc.

COREOPSIS
Co`re*op"sis (k`r-p"ss), n. Etym: [NL., fr. GR. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbaceous composite plants, having the achenes two- horned and remotely resembling some insect; tickseed. C. tinctoria, of the Western plains, the commonest plant of the genus, has been used in dyeing.

COREPLASTY
Cor"e*plas`ty (kor"e*plas`ty), n. [Gr. ko`rh pupil + -plasty.] (Med.)

Defn: A plastic operation on the pupil, as for forming an artificial pupil. — Cor`e*plas"tic (-plas"tik), a.

CORER
Cor"er (krr"rr), n.

Defn: That which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; as, an apple corer.

CO-RESPONDENT
Co`-re*spond"ent (k`rr-spnd"ent), n. (Law)

Defn: One who is called upon to answer a summons or other proceeding jointly with another.

CORF Corf (krrf), n.; pl. Corves (k. Etym: [Cf.LG. & D. korf basket, G. korb, fr. L. corbis.]

1. A basket.

2. (Mining) (a) A large basket used in carrying or hoisting coal or ore. (b) A wooden frame, sled, or low-wheeled wagon, to convey coal or ore in the mines.

CORFIOTE; CORFUTE
Cor"fi*ote (kr"f-t), Cor"fute (kr"ft), n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Corfu, an island in the Mediterranean
Sea.

CORIACEOUS Co`ri*a"ceous (k`r-"shs), a. Etym: [L. coriaceous, fr. corium leather. See Cuirass.]

1. Consisting of or resembling, leather; leatherlike; tough.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Stiff, like leather or parchment.

CORIANDER
Co`ri*an"der (k`r-n"dr), n Etym: [L. coriandrum, fr. Gr. coriandre.]
(Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant, the Coriandrum sativum, the fruit or seeds of which have a strong smell and a spicy taste, and in medicine are considered as stomachic and carminative.

CORIDINE
Co"ri*dine (k"r-dn; 104), n. Etym: [From L. cortium leather.]

Defn: A colorless or yellowish oil, C10H15N, of a leathery odor, occuring in coal tar, Dippel's oil, tobacco smoke, etc., regarded as an organic base, homologous with pyridine. Also, one of a series of metameric compounds of which coridine is a type. [Written also corindine.]

CORINDON
Co*rin"don (k-rn"dn), n. (Min.)

Defn: See Corrundum.

CORINNE
Co`rinne" (k`rn"), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common gazelle (Gazella dorcas). See Gazelle. [Written also korin.]

CORINTH
Cor"inth (kr"nth), n. Etym: [L. Corinthus, Gr. Currant.]

1. A city of Greece, famed for its luxury and extravagance.

2. A small fruit; a currant. [Obs.] Broome.

CORINTHIAC
Co*rin"thi*ac (k-rn"th-k), a. Etym: [L. Corinthiacus.]

Defn: Pertaining to Corinth.

CORINTHIAN
Co*rin"thi*an (-an), a.

1. Of or relating to Corinth.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Corinthian order of architecture, invented by the Greeks, but more commonly used by the Romans. This is the lightest and most ornamental of the three orders used by the Greeks. Parker.

3. Debauched in character or practice; impure. Milton.

4. Of or pertaining to an amateur sailor or yachtsman; as, a corinthian race (one in which the contesting yachts must be manned by amateurs.)

CORINTHIAN
Co*rin"thi*an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Corinth.

2. A gay, licentious person. [Obs.]

CORIUM
Co"ri*um (k"r-m), n. Etym: [L. corium leather.]

1. Armor made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans; used also by Enlish soldiers till the reign of Edward I. Fosbroke.

2. (Anat.) (a) Same as Dermis. (b) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.

CORIVAL
Co*ri"val (k-r"val), n.

Defn: A rival; a corrival.

CORIVAL
Co*ri"val, v. t.

Defn: To rival; to pretend to equal. Shak.

CORIVALRY; CORIVALSHIP
Co*ri"val*ry, Co*ri"val*ship, n.

Defn: Joint rivalry.

CORK Cork (krk), n. Etym: [Cf. G., Dan., & Sw. kork, D. kurk; all fr. Sp. corcho, fr. L. cortex, corticis, bark, rind. Cf. Cortex.]

1. The outer layer of the bark of the cork tree (Quercus Suber), of which stoppers for bottles and casks are made. See Cutose.

2. A stopper for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork.

3. A mass of tabular cells formed in any kind of bark, in greater or less abundance.

Note: Cork is sometimes used wrongly for calk, calker; calkin, a sharp piece of iron on the shoe of a horse or ox. Cork jackets, a jacket having thin pieces of cork inclosed within canvas, and used to aid in swimming. — Cork tree (Bot.), the species of oak (Quercus Suber of Southern Europe) whose bark furnishes the cork of commerce.

CORK
Cork, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corked (krkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Corking.]

1. To stop with a cork, as a bottle.

2. To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on cork. Tread on corked stilts a prisoner's pace. Bp. Hall.

Note: To cork is sometimes used erroneously for to calk, to furnish the shoe of a horse or ox with sharp points, and also in the meaning of cutting with a calk.

CORKAGE
Cork"age (-j), n.

Defn: The charge made by innkeepers for drawing the cork and taking care of bottles of wine bought elsewhere by a guest.

CORKED
Corked (krkt), a.

Defn: having acquired an unpleasant taste from the cork; as, a bottle of wine is corked.

CORK FOSSIL
Cork" fos`sil (krk" fs`sl). (Min.)

Defn: A variety of amianthus which is very light, like cork.

CORKINESS
Cork"i*ness (—ns), n.

Defn: The quality of being corky.

CORKING PIN
Cork"ing pin` (krk"ng pn`).

Defn: A pin of a large size, formerly used attaching a woman's headdress to a cork mold. [Obs.] Swift.

CORKSCREW
Cork"screw` (-skr"), n.

Defn: An instrument with a screw or a steel spiral for drawing corks from bottles. Corkscrew starts, a spiral staircase around a solid newel.

CORKSCREW
Cork"screw`, v. t.

Defn: To press forward in a winding way; as, to corksrew one's way through a crowd. [Colloq.] Dickens.

CORKWING
Cork"wing` (-wng`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; the goldsinny.

CORKWOOD
Cork"wood` (kôrk"wood`), n.

1. The wood of the cork oak. [Obs.]

2. Any one of several trees or shrubs having light or corky wood; esp.: (a) In the United States, the tree Leitneria floridana. (b) In the West Indies: (1) Either of the cotton trees Ochroma lagopus and Pariti tiliaceum. (2)

Defn: The tree producing the aligator apple. (3)

Defn: The blolly.

CORKY
Cork"y (-), a.

1. Consisting of, or like, cork; dry shriveled up. Bind fast hiss corky arms. Shak.

2. Tasting of cork.

CORM
Corm (krm), n. Etym: [See Cormus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A solid bulb-shaped root, as of the crocus. See Bulb.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Cormus, 2.

CORMOGENY
Cor*mog"e*ny (kr-mj"-n), n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The embryological history of groups or families of individuals.

CORMOPHYLOGENY
Cor`mo*phy*log"e*ny (kr`m-f-lj"-n), n. Etym: [Gr. phylogeny.] (Biol.)

Defn: The phylogeny of groups or families of individuals. Haeckel.

CORMOPHYTES; CORMOPHYTA Cor"mo*phytes (kr"m-fts), Cor*moph"y*ta (kr-mf"-t), n. pl. Etym: [NL. cormophyta, fr. Gr. trunk of a tree + (Bot.)

Defn: A term proposed by Endlicher to include all plants with an axis containing vascular tissue and with foliage.

CORMORANT Cor`mo*rant (kr"m-rant), n. Etym: [F. cormoran, fr. Armor. m a sea raven; m sea + bran raven, with cor, equiv. to L. corvus raven, pleonastically prefixed; or perh. fr. L. corvus marinus sea raven.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phalacrocorax, a genus of sea birds having a sac under the beak; the shag. Cormorants devour fish voraciously, and have become the emblem of gluttony. They are generally black, and hence are called sea ravens, and coalgeese. [Written also corvorant.]

2. A voracious eater; a glutton, or gluttonous servant. B. Jonson.

CORMORAUT
Cor"mo*raut, a.

Defn: Ravenous; voracious.
Cormorant, devouring time. Shak.

CORMUS
Cor"mus (kr"ms), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: See Corm.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A vegetable or animal made up of a number of individuals, such as, for example, would be formed by a process of budding from a parent stalk wherre the buds remain attached.

CORN Corn (krn), n. Etym: [L. cornu horn: cf. F. corne horn, hornlike excrescence. See Horn.]

Defn: A thickening of the epidermis at some point, esp. on the toees, by friction or pressure. It is usually painful and troublesome. Welkome, gentlemen! Ladies that have their toes Unplagued with corns, will have a bout with you. Shak.

Note: The substance of a corn usually resembles horn, but where moisture is present, as between the toes, it is white and sodden, and is called a soft corn.

CORN Corn, n. Etym: [AS. corn; akin to OS. korn, D. koren, G., Dan., Sw., & Icel. korn, Goth. ka, L. granum, Russ. zerno. Cf. Grain, Kernel.]

1. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley, and maize; a grain.

2. The various farinaceous grains of the cereal grasses used for food, as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats.

Note: In Scotland, corn is generally restricted to oats, in the United States, to maize, or Indian corn, of which there are several kinds; as, yellow corn, which grows chiefly in the Northern States, and is yellow when ripe; white or southern corn, which grows to a great height, and has long white kernels; sweet corn, comprising a number of sweet and tender varieties, grown chiefly at the North, some of which have kernels that wrinkle when ripe and dry; pop corn, any small variety, used for popping.

3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in the field; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears, and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. In one night, ere glimpse of morn, His shadowy flail had thrashed the corn. Milton.

4. A small, hard particle; a grain. "Corn of sand." Bp. Hall. "A corn of powder." Beau & Fl. Corn ball, a ball of popped corn stuck together with soft candy from molasses or sugar. — Corn bread, bread made of Indian meal. — Corn cake, a kind of corn bread; johnny cake; hoecake. — Corn cockle (Bot.), a weed (Agrostemma or Lychnis Githago), having bright flowers, common in grain fields. — Corn flag (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gladiolus; — called also sword lily. — Corn fly. (Zoöl.) (a) A small fly which, in the larval state, is injurious to grain, living in the stalk, and causing the disease called "gout," on account of the swelled joints. The common European species is Chlorops tæniopus. (b) A small fly (Anthomyia ze) whose larva or maggot destroys seed corn after it has been planted. — Corn fritter, a fritter having green Indian corn mixed through its batter. [U. S.] — Corn laws, laws regulating trade in corn, especially those in force in Great Britain till 1846, prohibiting the importation of foreign grain for home consumption, except when the price rose above a certain rate. — Corn marigold. (Bot.) See under Marigold. — Corn oyster, a fritter containing grated green Indian corn and butter, the combined taste resembling that of oysters. [U.S.] — Corn parsley (Bot.), a plant of the parsley genus (Petroselinum ssegetum), a weed in parts of Europe and Asia. — Corn popper, a utensil used in popping corn. — Corn poppy (Bot.), the red poppy (Papaver Rhoeas), common in European cornfields; — also called corn rose. — Corn rent, rent paid in corn. — Corn rose. See Corn poppy. — Corn salad (Bot.), a name given to several species of Valerianella, annual herbs sometimes used for salad. V. olitoria is also called lamb's lettuce. — Corn stone, red limestone. [Prov. Eng.] — Corn violet (Bot.), a species of Campanula. — Corn weevil. (Zoöl.) (a) A small weevil which causes great injury to grain. (b) In America, a weevil (Sphenophorus zeæ) which attacks the stalk of maize near the root, often doing great damage. See Grain weevil, under Weevil.

CORN
Corn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Corned (krnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Corning.]

1. To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt; to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt slightly in brine or otherwise; as, to corn beef; to corn a tongue.

2. To form into small grains; to granulate; as, to corn gunpowder.

3. To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; as, to corn horses. Jamieson.

4. To render intoxicated; as, ale strong enough to corn one. [Colloq.] Corning house, a house or place where powder is corned or granulated.

CORNAGE Cor"nage (kr"nj), n. Etym: [OF.,, horn-blowing, tax on horned cattle, fr. F. corne a horn, L. cornu.] (Law)

Defn: Anancient tenure of land, which obliged the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.

CORNAMUTE
Cor"na*mute (kr"n-mt), n.

Defn: A cornemuse. [Obs.]

CORNBIND
Corn"bind` (krn"bnd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A weed that binds stalks of corn, as Convolvulus arvensis,
Polygonum Convolvulus. [Prov. Eng.]

CORNCOB
Corn"cob` (krn"kb`), n.

Defn: The cob or axis on which the kernels of Indian corn grow.
[U.S.]

CORNCRAKE
Corn"crake` (-krk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird (Crex crex or C. pratensis) which frequents grain fields; the European crake or land rail; — called also corn bird.

CORNCRIB
Corn"crib` (krn"krb`), n.

Defn: A crib for storing corn.

CORNCUTTER
Corn"cut`ter (-kt`tr), n.

1. A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for food of cattle.

2. An implement consisting of a long blade, attached to a handle at nearly a right angle, used for cutting down the stalks of Indian corn.

CORNDODGER
Corn"dodg`er (-dj`r), n.

Defn: A cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering of husks or paper, and baked under the embers. [U.S.] Bartlett.

CORNEA Cor"ne*a (kr"n-), n.; pl. Corneas (-. Etym: [Fem. sing., fr. L. corneus horny, fr. cornu a horn. See Horn.] (Anat.)

Defn: The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball which covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior. See Eye.

CORNEAL
Cor"ne*al (-al), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the cornea.

CORNEL Cor"nel (-nl), n. Etym: [OF. cornille, cornoille, F. cornouille, cornel berry, LL. cornolium cornel tree, fr. L. cornus, fr. cornu horn, in allusion to the hardness of the wood. See Horn.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The cornelian cherry (Cornus Mas), a European shrub with clusters of small, greenish flowers, followed by very acid but edible drupes resembling cherries.

2. Any species of the genus Cornus, as C. florida, the flowering cornel; C. stolonifera, the osier cornel; C. Canadensis, the dwarf cornel, or bunchberry.

CORNELIAN
Cor*nel"ian (kr-nlyan), n. Etym: [F. cornaline, OF. corneline, fr. L.
cornu horn. So called from its horny appearance when broken. See
Horn, and cf. Carnelian.] (Min.)

Defn: Same as Carnelian.

CORNEMUSE
Corne"muse (krn"mz), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A wind instrument nearly identical with the bagpipe. Drayton.

CORNEOCALCAREOUS
Cor"ne*o*cal*ca"re*ous (krn—kl-k"r-s), a.

1. (Zoöl.)