Book Muslin Book" mus`lin (part 2)

BRIZE
Brize, n.

Defn: The breeze fly. See Breeze. Shak.

BROACH
Broach, n. Etym: [OE. broche, F. broche, fr. LL. brocca; prob. of
Celtic origin; cf. W. proc thrust, stab, Gael. brog awl. Cf. Brooch.]

1. A spit. [Obs.] He turned a broach that had worn a crown. Bacon.

2. An awl; a bodkin; also, a wooden rod or pin, sharpened at each end, used by thatchers. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

3. (Mech.) (a) A tool of steel, generally tapering, and of a polygonal form, with from four to eight cutting edges, for smoothing or enlarging holes in metal; sometimes made smooth or without edges, as for burnishing pivot holes in watches; a reamer. The broach for gun barrels is commonly square and without taper. (b) A straight tool with file teeth, made of steel, to be pressed through irregular holes in metal that cannot be dressed by revolving tools; a drift.

4. (Masonry)

Defn: A broad chisel for stonecutting.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: A spire rising from a tower. [Local, Eng.]

6. A clasp for fastening a garment. See Brooch.

7. A spitlike start, on the head of a young stag.

8. The stick from which candle wicks are suspended for dipping. Knight.

9. The pin in a lock which enters the barrel of the key.

BROACH
Broach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broached; p. pr. & vb. n. Broaching.]
Etym: [F. brocher, fr. broche. See Broach, n.]

1. To spit; to pierce as with a spit. I'll broach the tadpole on my rapier's point. Shak.

2. To tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor. Hence: To let out; to shed, as blood. Whereat with blade, with bloody blameful blade, He bravely broached his boiling bloody breast. Shak.

3. To open for the first time, as stores. You shall want neither weapons, victuals, nor aid; I will open the old armories, I will broach my store, and will bring forth my stores. Knolles.

4. To make public; to utter; to publish first; to put forth; to introduce as a topic of conversation. Those very opinions themselves had broached. Swift.

5. To cause to begin or break out. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Masonry)

Defn: To shape roughly, as a block of stone, by chiseling with a coarse tool. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

7. To enlarge or dress (a hole), by using a broach. To broach to (Naut.), to incline suddenly to windward, so as to lay the sails aback, and expose the vessel to the danger of oversetting.

BROACHER
Broach"er, n.

1. A spit; a broach. On five sharp broachers ranked, the roast they turned. Dryden.

2. One who broaches, opens, or utters; a first publisher or promoter. Some such broacher of heresy. Atterbury.

BROAD
Broad, a. [Compar. Broader; superl. Broadest.] Etym: [OE. brod, brad,
AS. brad; akin to OS. bred, D. breed, G. breit, Icel. brei, Sw. &
Dan. bred, Goth. braids. Cf. Breadth.]

1. Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; — opposed to narrow; as, a broad street, a broad table; an inch broad.

2. Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; as, the broad expanse of ocean.

3. Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full. "Broad and open day." Bp. Porteus.

4. Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or quality; not limited; not restrained; — applied to any subject, and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise meaning depending largely on the substantive. A broad mixture of falsehood. Locke.

Note: Hence: -

5. Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged.
The words in the Constitution are broad enough to include the case.
D. Daggett.
In a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way. E. Everett.

6. Plain; evident; as, a broad hint.

7. Free; unrestrained; unconfined. As broad and general as the casing air. Shak.

8. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Characterized by breadth. See Breadth.

9. Cross; coarse; indelicate; as, a broad compliment; a broad joke; broad humor.

10. Strongly marked; as, a broad Scotch accent.

Note: Broad is often used in compounds to signify wide, large, etc.; as, broad-chested, broad-shouldered, broad-spreading, broad-winged. Broad acres. See under Acre. — Broad arrow, originally a pheon. See Pheon, and Broad arrow under Arrow. — As broad as long, having the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as another; coming to the same result by different ways or processes. It is as broad as long, whether they rise to others, or bring others down to them. L'Estrange. Broad pennant. See under Pennant.

Syn. — Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy; extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal.

BROAD
Broad, n.

1. The broad part of anything; as, the broad of an oar.

2. The spread of a river into a sheet of water; a flooded fen. [Local, Eng.] Southey.

3. A lathe tool for turning down the insides and bottoms of cylinders. Knight.

BROADAX; BROADAXE
Broad"ax` Broad"axe`, n.

1. An ancient military weapon; a battle-ax.

2. An ax with a broad edge, for hewing timber.

BROADBILL
Broad"bill`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild duck (Aythya, or Fuligula, marila), which appears in large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; - - called also bluebill, blackhead, raft duck, and scaup duck. See Scaup duck.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler. See Shoveler.

BROADBRIM
Broad"brim`, n.

1. A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the society of Friends.

2. A member of the society of Friends; a Quaker. [Sportive]

BROAD-BRIMMED
Broad"-brimmed`, a.

Defn: Having a broad brim.
A broad-brimmed flat silver plate. Tatler.

BROADCAST
Broad"cast`, n. (Agric.)

Defn: A casting or throwing seed in all directions, as from the hand in sowing.

BROADCAST
Broad"cast`, a.

1. Cast or dispersed in all directions, as seed from the hand in sowing; widely diffused.

2. Scattering in all directions (as a method of sowing); — opposed to planting in hills, or rows.

BROADCAST
Broad"cast`, adv.

Defn: So as to scatter or be scattered in all directions; so as to spread widely, as seed from the hand in sowing, or news from the press.

BROAD CHURCH
Broad" Church`. (Eccl.)

Defn: A portion of the Church of England, consisting of persons who claim to hold a position, in respect to doctrine and fellowship, intermediate between the High Church party and the Low Church, or evangelical, party. The term has been applied to otherbodies of men holding liberal or comprehensive views of Christian doctrine and fellowship. Side by side with these various shades of High and Low Church, another party of a different character has always existed in the Church of England. It is called by different names: Moderate, Catholic, or Broad Church, by its friends; Latitudinarian or Indifferent, by its enemies. Its distinctive character is the desire of comprehension. Its watch words are charity and toleration. Conybeare.

BROADCLOTH
Broad"cloth, n.

Defn: A fine smooth-faced woolen cloth for men's garments, usually of double width (i.e., a yard and a half); — so called in distinction from woolens three quarters of a yard wide.

BROADEN
Broad"en, v. t. [p. & p. p. Broadened (; p. pr. & vb.n. Broadening
(.] Etym: [From Broad, a.]

Defn: To grow broad; to become broader or wider.
The broadening sun appears. Wordsworth.

BROADEN
Broad"en, v. t.

Defn: To make broad or broader; to render more broad or comprehensive.

BROAD GAUGE
Broad" gauge`. (Railroad)

Defn: A wider distance between the rails than the "standard" gauge of four feet eight inches and a half. See Gauge.

BROAD-HORNED
Broad"-horned`, a.

Defn: Having horns spreading widely.

BROADISH
Broad"ish, a.

Defn: Rather broad; moderately broad.

BROADLEAF
Broad"leaf`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Terminalia latifolia) of Jamaica, the wood of which is used for boards, scantling, shingles, etc; — sometimes called the almond tree, from the shape of its fruit.

BROAD-LEAVED; BROAD-LEAFED
Broad"-leaved`, Broad"-leafed`, a.

Defn: Having broad, or relatively broad, leaves. Keats.

BROADLY
Broad"ly, adv.

Defn: In a broad manner.

BROADMOUTH
Broad"mouth`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Eurylaimidæ, a family of East Indian passerine birds.

BROADNESS
Broad"ness, n. Etym: [AS. bradnes.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being broad; breadth; coarseness; grossness.

BROADPIECE
Broad"piece`, n.

Defn: An old English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or Jacobus.

BROAD SEAL
Broad" seal`.

Defn: The great seal of England; the public seal of a country or state.

BROADSEAL
Broad"seal`, v. t.

Defn: To stamp with the broad seal; to make sure; to guarantee or
warrant. [Obs.]
Thy presence broadseals our delights for pure. B. Jonson.

BROADSIDE
Broad"side`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The side of a ship above the water line, from the bow to the quarter.

2. A discharge of or from all the guns on one side of a ship, at the same time.

3. A volley of abuse or denunciation. [Colloq.]

4. (Print.)

Defn: A sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only; — called also broadsheet.

BROADSPREAD
Broad"spread`, a.

Defn: Widespread.

BROADSPREADING
Broad"spread`ing, a.

Defn: Spreading widely.

BROADSWORD
Broad"sword`, n.

Defn: A sword with a broad blade and a cutting edge; a claymore.
I heard the broadsword's deadly clang. Sir W. Scott.

BROADWISE
Broad"wise`, adv.

Defn: Breadthwise. [Archaic]

BROB
Brob, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. brog, E. brog, n.] (Carp.)

Defn: A peculiar brad-shaped spike, to be driven alongside the end of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping.

BROBDINGNAGIAN Brob`ding*nag"i*an, a. Etym: [From Brobdingnag, a country of giants in "Gulliver's Travels."]

Defn: Colossal' of extraordinary height; gigantic. — n.

Defn: A giant. [Spelt often Brobdignagian.]

BROCADE
Bro*cade", n. Etym: [Sp. brocado (cf. It. broccato, F. brocart), fr.
LL. brocare *prick, to figure (textile fabrics), to emboss (linen),
to stitch. See Broach.]

Defn: Silk stuff, woven with gold and silver threads, or ornamented
with raised flowers, foliage, etc.; — also applied to other stuffs
thus wrought and enriched.
A gala suit of faded brocade. W. Irving.

BROCADED
Bro*cad"ed, a.

1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver, or with raised flowers, etc. Brocaded flowers o'er the gay mantua shine. Gay.

2. Dressed in brocade.

BROCAGE
Bro"cage, n.

Defn: See Brokkerage.

BROCARD Broc"ard, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. Brocardica, Brocardicorum opus, a collection of ecclesiastical canons by Burkhard, Bishop of Worms, called, by the Italians and French, Brocard.]

Defn: An elementary principle or maximum; a short, proverbial rule, in law, ethics, or metaphysics. The legal brocard, "Falsus in uno, falsus in omnibus," is a rule not more applicable to other witness than to consciousness. Sir W. Hamilton.

BROCATEL Bro"ca*tel, n. Etym: [F. brocatelle, fr. It. brocatello: cf. Sp. brocatel. See Brocade.]

1. A kind of coarse brocade, or figured fabric, used chiefly for tapestry, linings for carriages, etc.

2. A marble, clouded and veined with white, gray, yellow, and red, in which the yellow usually prevails. It is also called Siena marble, from its locality.

BROCATELLO
Bro`ca*tel"lo, n.

Defn: Same as Brocatel.

BROCCOLI Broc"co*li, n. Etym: [It. broccoli, pl. of broccolo sprout, cabbage sprout, dim. of brocco splinter. See Broach, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Cabbage species (Brassica oleracea) of many varieties, resembling the cauliflower. The "curd," or flowering head, is the part used for food.

BROCHANTITE Broch"an*tite, n. Etym: [From Brochant de Villiers, a French mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A basic sulphate of copper, occurring in emerald-green crystals.

BROCHE
Bro`ché", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Woven with a figure; as, broché goods.

BROCHE
Broche, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Broach, n.

BROCHETTE
Bro`chette" (bro`shet"), n. [F., dim. of broche. See Broach, n.]
(Cookery)

Defn: A small spit or skewer.

— En bro`chette" (än) [F.], on a brochette; skewered.

BROCHURE
Bro*chure", n. Etym: [F., fr. brocher to stitch. See Broach, v. t.]

Defn: A printed and stitched book containing only a few leaves; a pamphlet.

BROCK
Brock, n. Etym: [AS. broc, fr. W. broch; akin to Ir. & Gael. broc,
Corn. & Armor. broch; cf. Ir. & Gael. breac speckled.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A badger.
Or with pretense of chasing thence the brock. B. Jonson.

BROCK
Brock, n. Etym: [See Brocket.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brocket. Bailey.

BROCKEN SPECTER; BROCKEN SPECTRE
Brock"en spec"ter or Brock"en spec"tre. [Trans. of G.
Brockengespenst.]

Defn: A mountain specter (which see), esp. that observed on the
Brocken, in the Harz Mountains.

BROCKET Brock"et, n. Etym: [OE. broket, F. broquart fallow deer a year old, fr. the same root as E. broach, meaning point (hence tine of a horn).]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A male red deer two years old; — sometimes called brock.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American deer, of several species (Coassus superciliaris, C. rufus, and C. auritus).

BROCKISH
Brock"ish, a.

Defn: Beastly; brutal. [Obs.] Bale.

BRODEKIN
Brode"kin, n. Etym: [F. brodequin, OE. brossequin, fr. OD. broseken,
brosekin, dim. of broos buskin, prob. fr. LL. byrsa leather, Gr.
Buskin.]

Defn: A buskin or half-boot. [Written also brodequin.] [Obs.]

BROG
Brog, n. Etym: [Gael. Cf. Brob.]

Defn: A pointed instrument, as a joiner's awl, a brad awl, a needle, or a small ship stick.

BROG
Brog, v. t.

Defn: To prod with a pointed instrument, as a lance; also, to broggle. [Scot. & Prov.] Sir W. Scott.

BROGAN
Bro"gan, n.

Defn: A stout, coarse shoe; a brogue.

BROGGLE Brog"gle, v. i. Etym: [Dim. of Prov. E. brog to broggle. Cf. Brog, n.]

Defn: To sniggle, or fish with a brog. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

BROGUE
Brogue, n. Etym: [Ir. & Gael. brog shoe, hoof.]

1. A stout, coarse shoe; a brogan.

Note: In the Highlands of Scotland, the ancient brogue was made of horsehide or deerskin, untanned or tenned with the hair on, gathered round the ankle with a thong. The name was afterward given to any shoe worn as a part of the Highland costume. Clouted brogues, patched brogues; also, brogues studded with nails. See under Clout, v. t.

2. A dialectic pronunciation; esp. the Irish manner of pronouncing English. Or take, Hibernis, thy still ranker brogue. Lloyd.

BROGUES
Brogues, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Breeches.]

Defn: Breeches. [Obs.] Shenstone.

BROID
Broid, v. t.

Defn: To braid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BROIDER Broid"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broidered.] Etym: [OE. broiden, brouden, F. broder, confused with E. braid; F. broder is either the same word as border to border (see Border), or perh. of Celtic origin; cf. W. brathu to sting, stab, Ir. & Gael. brod goad, prickle, OE. brod a goad; and also Icel. broddr a spike, a sting, AS. brord a point.]

Defn: To embroider. [Archaic]
They shall make a broidered coat. Ex. xxviii. 4.

BROIDERER
Broid"er*er, n.

Defn: One who embroiders. [Archaic]

BROIDERY
Broid"er*y, n.

Defn: Embroidery. [Archaic]
The golden broidery tender Milkah wove. Tickell.

BROIL Broil, n. Etym: [F. brouiller to disorder, from LL. brogilus, broilus, brolium, thicket, wood, park; of uncertain origin; cf. W. brog a swelling out, OHG. proil marsh, G. brühl, MHG. brogen to rise. The meaning tumult, confusion, comes apparently from tangled undergrowth, thicket, and this possibly from the meaning to grow, rise, sprout.]

Defn: A tumult; a noisy quarrel; a disturbance; a brawl; contention; discord, either between individuals or in the state. I will own that there is a haughtiness and fierceness in human nature which will which will cause innumerable broils, place men in what situation you please. Burke.

Syn. — Contention; fray; affray; tumult; altercation; dissension; discord; contest; conflict; brawl; uproar.

BROIL
Broil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Broiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Broiling.] Etym:
[OE. broilen, OF. bruillir, fr. bruir to broil, burn; of Ger. origin;
cf. MHG. brüejen, G. brühen, to scald, akin to E. brood.]

1. To cook by direct exposure to heat over a fire, esp. upon a gridiron over coals.

2. To subject to great (commonly direct) heat.

BROIL
Broil, v. i.

Defn: To be subjected to the action of heat, as meat over the fire; to be greatly heated, or to be made uncomfortable with heat. The planets and comets had been broiling in the sun. Cheyne.

BROILER
Broil"er, n.

Defn: One who excites broils; one who engages in or promotes noisy
quarrels.
What doth he but turn broiler, . . . make new libels against the
church Hammond.

BROILER
Broil"er, n.

1. One who broils, or cooks by broiling.

2. A gridiron or other utensil used in broiling.

3. A chicken or other bird fit for broiling. [Colloq.]

BROILING
Broil"ing, a.

Defn: Excessively hot; as, a broiling sun.
— n.

Defn: The act of causing anything to broil.

BROKAGE
Bro"kage, n.

Defn: See Brokerage.

BROKE
Broke, v. i. Etym: [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]

1. To transact business for another. [R.] Brome.

2. To act as procurer in love matters; to pimp. [Obs.] We do want a certain necessary woman to broke between them, Cupid said. Fanshawe. And brokes with all that can in such a suit Corrupt the tender honor of a maid. Shak.

BROKE
Broke (brok),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Break.

BROKEN
Bro"ken (bro"k'n), a. Etym: [From Break, v. t.]

1. Separated into parts or pieces by violence; divided into fragments; as, a broken chain or rope; a broken dish.

2. Disconnected; not continuous; also, rough; uneven; as, a broken surface.

3. Fractured; cracked; disunited; sundered; strained; apart; as, a broken reed; broken friendship.

4. Made infirm or weak, by disease, age, or hardships. The one being who remembered him as he been before his mind was broken. G. Eliot. The broken soldier, kindly bade to stay, Sat by his fire, and talked the night away. Goldsmith.

5. Subdued; humbled; contrite. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. Ps. li. 17.

6. Subjugated; trained for use, as a horse.

7. Crushed and ruined as by something that destroys hope; blighted. "Her broken love and life." G. Eliot.

8. Not carried into effect; not adhered to; violated; as, a broken promise, vow, or contract; a broken law.

9. Ruined financially; incapable of redeeming promises made, or of paying debts incurred; as, a broken bank; a broken tradesman.

10. Imperfectly spoken, as by a foreigner; as, broken English; imperfectly spoken on account of emotion; as, to say a few broken words at parting. Amidst the broken words and loud weeping of those grave senators. Macaulay. Broken ground. (a) (Mil.) Rough or uneven ground; as, the troops were retarded in their advance by broken ground. (b) Ground recently opened with the plow. — Broken line (Geom.), the straight lines which join a number of given points taken in some specified order. — Broken meat, fragments of meat or other food. — Broken number, a fraction. — Broken weather, unsettled weather.

BROKEN-BACKED
Bro"ken-backed`, a.

1. Having a broken back; as, a broken-backed chair.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Hogged; so weakened in the frame as to droop at each end; — said of a ship. Totten.

BROKEN-BELLIED
Bro"ken-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a ruptured belly. [R.]

BROKEN BREAST
Bro"ken breast`.

Defn: Abscess of the mammary gland.

BROKEN-HEARTED
Bro"ken-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair.
She left her husband almost broken-hearted. Macaulay.

Syn. — Disconsolable; heart-broken; inconsolable; comfortless; woe- begone; forlorn.

BROKENLY
Bro"ken*ly, adv.

Defn: In a broken, interrupted manner; in a broken state; in broken
language.
The pagans worship God . . . as it were brokenly and by piecemeal.
Cudworth.

BROKENNESS
Bro"ken*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being broken; unevenness. Macaulay.

2. Contrition; as, brokenness of heart.

BROKEN WIND
Bro"ken wind`. (Far.)

Defn: The heaves.

BROKEN-WINDED
Bro"ken-wind`ed, a. (Far.)

Defn: Having short breath or disordered respiration, as a horse.

BROKER Bro"ker, n. Etym: [OE. brocour, from a word akin to broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, possess, digest, fr. AS. br to use, enjoy; cf. Fries. broker, F. brocanteur. See Brook, v. t.]

1. One who transacts business for another; an agent.

2. (Law)

Defn: An agent employed to effect bargains and contracts, as a middleman or negotiator, between other persons, for a compensation commonly called brokerage. He takes no possession, as broker, of the subject matter of the negotiation. He generally contracts in the names of those who employ him, and not in his own. Story.

3. A dealer in money, notes, bills of exchange, etc.

4. A dealer in secondhand goods. [Eng.]

5. A pimp or procurer. [Obs.] Shak. Bill broker, one who buys and sells notes and bills of exchange. — Curbstone broker or Street broker, an operator in stocks (not a member of the Stock Exchange) who executes orders by running from office to office, or by transactions on the street. [U.S.] — Exchange broker, one who buys and sells uncurrent money, and deals in exchanges relating to money. — Insurance broker, one who is agent in procuring insurance on vessels, or against fire. — Pawn broker. See Pawnbroker. — Real estate broker, one who buys and sells lands, and negotiates loans, etc., upon mortgage. — Ship broker, one who acts as agent in buying and selling ships, procuring freight, etc. — Stock broker. See Stockbroker.

BROKERAGE
Bro"ker*age, n.

1. The business or employment of a broker. Burke.

2. The fee, reward, or commission, given or changed for transacting business as a broker.

BROKERLY
Bro"ker*ly, a.

Defn: Mean; servile. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BROKERY
Bro"ker*y, n.

Defn: The business of a broker. [Obs.] And with extorting, cozening, forfeiting, And tricks belonging unto brokery. Marlowe.

BROKING
Bro"king, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a broker or brokers, or to brokerage.
[Obs.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemished crown. Shak.

BROMA
Bro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: Aliment; food. Dunglison.

2. A light form of prepared cocoa (or cacao), or the drink made from it.

BROMAL
Bro"mal, n. Etym: [Bromine + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily, colorless fluid, CBr

BROMALIN
Bro"ma*lin, n. [From Bromine.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A colorless or white crystalline compound, (CH2)6N4C2H5Br, used as a sedative in epilepsy.

BROMANIL
Brom`an"il, n. [Bromine + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance analogous to chloranil but containing bromine in place of chlorine.

BROMATE
Bro"mate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of bromic acid.

BROMATE
Bro"mate, v.t. (Med.)

Defn: To combine or impregnate with bromine; as, bromated camphor.

BROMATOLOGIST
Bro`ma*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in the science of foods.

BROMATOLOGY
Bro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science of aliments. Dunglison.

BROME
Brome, n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Bromine.

BROME GRASS
Brome" grass`. Etym: [L. bromos a kind of oats, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Bromus) of grasses, one species of which is the chess or cheat.

BROMELIACEOUS Bro*me`li*a"ceous, a. Etym: [Named after Olaf Bromel, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a family of endogenous and mostly epiphytic or saxicolous plants of which the genera Tillandsia and Billbergia are examples. The pineapple, though terrestrial, is also of this family.

BROMIC
Bro"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, bromine; — said of those compounds of bromine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, bromic acid.

BROMIDE
Bro"mide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of bromine with a positive radical.

BROMIDE PAPER; BROMID PAPER
Bromide paper or Bromid paper. (Photog.)

Defn: A sensitized paper coated with gelatin impregnated with bromide of silver, used in contact printing and in enlarging.

BROMIDIOM
Bro*mid"i*om, n. [Bromide + idiom.]

Defn: A conventional comment or saying, such as those characteristic of bromides. [Slang]

BROMINATE
Bro"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: See Bromate, v. t.

BROMINE
Bro"mine, n. Etym: [Gr. Brome.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite.

BROMISM
Bro"mism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by the excessive use of bromine or one of its compounds. It is characterized by mental dullness and muscular weakness.

BROMIZE
Bro"mize, v. t. (Photog.)

Defn: To prepare or treat with bromine; as, to bromize a silvered plate.

BROMLIFE
Brom"life, n. Etym: [From Bromley Hill, near Alston, Cumberland,
England.] (Min.)

Defn: A carbonate of baryta and lime, intermediate between witherite and strontianite; — called also alstonite.

BROMOFORM
Bro"mo*form, n. Etym: [Bromine + formyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid, CHBr3, having an agreeable odor and sweetish taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects. Watts.

BROMOGELATIN
Bro`mo*gel"a*tin, a. [Bromine + gelatin.] (Photog.)

Defn: Designating or pertaining to, a process of preparing dry plates with an emulsion of bromides and silver nitrate in gelatin.

BROMOIODISM
Bro`mo*i"o*dism, n. [Bromine + iodine + -ism.] (Med.)

Defn: Poisoning induced by large doses of bromine and iodine or of their compounds.

BROMOIODIZED
Bro`mo*i"o*dized, a. (Photog.)

Defn: Treated with bromides and iodides.

BROMOL
Bro"mol, n. [Abbr. fr. tribromophenol.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A crystalline substance (chemically, tribromophenol,
C6H2Br3OH), used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

BROMPICRIN Brom*pi"crin, n. Etym: [G. brompikrin; brom bromine + pikrinsäure picric acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pungent colorless explosive liquid, CNO2Br3, analogous to and resembling chlorpicrin. [Spelt also brompikrin.]

BROMURET
Brom"u*ret, n.

Defn: See Bromide. [Obs.]

BROMYRITE
Brom"y*rite, n. Etym: [Bromine + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Silver bromide, a rare mineral; — called also bromargyrite.

BRONCHI
Bron"chi, n. pl. (Anat.)

Defn: See Bronchus.

BRONCHIA
Bron"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [L. , pl. Cf. Bronchus.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bronchial tubes which arise from the branching of the trachea, esp. the subdivision of the bronchi. Dunglison.

BRONCHIAL
Bron"chi*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bronchial. See Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs.
Bronchial arteries, branches of the descending aorta, accompanying
the bronchia in all their ramifications.
— Bronchial cells, the air cells terminating the bronchia.
— Bronchial glands, glands whose functions are unknown, seated
along the bronchia.
— Bronchial membrane, the mucous membrane lining the bronchia.
— Bronchial tube, the bronchi, or the bronchia.

BRONCHIC
Bron"chic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Bronchial.

BRONCHIOLE
Bron"chi*ole, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A minute bronchial tube.

BRONCHITIC
Bron*chit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bronchitis; as, bronchitic inflammation.

BRONCHITIS
Bron*chi"tis, n. Etym: [Bronchus + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation, acute or chronic, of the bronchial tubes or any part of them.

BRONCHO
Bron"cho, n. Etym: [Sp. bronco rough, wild.]

Defn: A native or a Mexican horse of small size. [Western U.S.]

BRONCHOCELE
Bron"cho*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: See Goiter.

BRONCHOPHONY
Bron*choph"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A modification of the voice sounds, by which they are intensified and heightened in pitch; — observed in auscultation of the chest in certain cases of intro-thoracic disease.

BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA
Bron`cho-pneu*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [Bronchus + pneumonia.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the bronchi and lungs; catarrhal pneumonia.

BRONCHOTOME
Bron"cho*tome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for cutting into the bronchial tubes.

BRONCHOTOMY
Bron*chot"o*my, n. (Surg.)

Defn: An incision into the windpipe or larynx, including the operations of tracheotomy and laryngotomy.

BRONCHUS
Bron"chus, n.; pl. Bronchi (. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Bronchia.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one of the two primary divisions.

BRONCO
Bron"co, n.

Defn: Same as Broncho.

BROND
Brond, n. Etym: [See Brand.]

Defn: A sword. [Obs.]

BRONTOGRAPH Bron"to*graph, n. [Gr. thunder + -graph.] (Meteor.) (a) A tracing or chart showing the phenomena attendant on thunderstorms. (b) An instrument for making such tracings, as a recording brontometer.

BRONTOLITE; BRONTOLITH
Bron"to*lite, Bron"to*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, -lith.]

Defn: An aërolite. [R.]

BRONTOLOGY
Bron*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise upon thunder.

BRONTOMETER
Bron*tom"e*ter, n. [Gr. thunder + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An instrument for noting or recording phenomena attendant on thunderstorms.

BRONTOSAURUS
Bron`to*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of American jurassic dinosaurs. A length of sixty feet is believed to have been attained by these reptiles.

BRONTOTHERIUM
Bron`to*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large extinct mammals from the miocene strata of western North America. They were allied to the rhinoceros, but the skull bears a pair of powerful horn cores in front of the orbits, and the fore feet were four-toed. See Illustration in Appendix.

BRONTOZOUM
Bron`to*zo"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct animal of large size, known from its three-toed footprints in Mesozoic sandstone.

Note: The tracks made by these reptiles are found eighteen inches in length, and were formerly referred to gigantic birds; but the discovery of large bipedal three-toed dinosaurs has suggested that they were made by those reptiles.

BRONZE Bronze, n. Etym: [F. bronze, fr. It. bronzo brown, fr. OHG. br, G. braun. See Brown, a.]

1. An alloy of copper and tin, to which small proportions of other metals, especially zinc, are sometimes added. It is hard and sonorous, and is used for statues, bells, cannon, etc., the proportions of the ingredients being varied to suit the particular purposes. The varieties containing the higher proportions of tin are brittle, as in bell metal and speculum metal.

2. A statue, bust, etc., cast in bronze. A print, a bronze, a flower, a root. Prior.

3. A yellowish or reddish brown, the color of bronze; also, a pigment or powder for imitating bronze.

4. Boldness; impudence; "brass." Imbrowned with native bronze, lo! Henley stands. Pope. Aluminium bronze. See under Aluminium. — Bronze age, an age of the world which followed the stone age, and was characterized by the use of implements and ornaments of copper or bronze. — Bronze powder, a metallic powder, used with size or in combination with painting, to give the appearance of bronze, gold, or other metal, to any surface. — Phosphor bronze and Silicious or Silicium bronze are made by adding phosphorus and silicon respectively to ordinary bronze, and are characterized by great tenacity.

BRONZE
Bronze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bronzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bronzing.] Etym:
[Cf. F. bronzer. See Bronze, n.]

1. To give an appearance of bronze to, by a coating of bronze powder, or by other means; to make of the color of bronze; as, to bronze plaster casts; to bronze coins or medals. The tall bronzed black-eyed stranger. W. Black.

2. To make hard or unfeeling; to brazen.
The lawer who bronzes his bosom instead of his forehead. Sir W.
Scott.
Bronzed skin disease. (Pathol.) See Addison's disease.

BRONZE STEEL
Bronze steel.

Defn: A hard tough alloy of tin, copper, and iron, which can be used for guns.

BRONZEWING
Bronze"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian pigeon of the genus Phaps, of several species; — so called from its bronze plumage.

BRONZINE
Bronz"ine, n.

Defn: A metal so prepared as to have the appearance of bronze.
— a.

Defn: Made of bronzine; resembling bronze; bronzelike.

BRONZING
Bronz"ing, n.

1. The act or art of communicating to articles in metal, wood, clay, plaster, etc., the appearance of bronze by means of bronze powders, or imitative painting, or by chemical processes. Tomlinson.

2. A material for bronzing.

BRONZIST
Bronz"ist, n.

Defn: One who makes, imitates, collects, or deals in, bronzes.

BRONZITE
Bronz"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bronzite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of enstatite, often having a bronzelike luster. It is a silicate of magnesia and iron, of the pyroxene family.

BRONZY
Bronz"y, a.

Defn: Like bronze.

BROOCH
Brooch, n. Etym: [See Broach, n.]

1. An ornament, in various forms, with a tongue, pin, or loop for attaching it to a garment; now worn at the breast by women; a breastpin. Formerly worn by men on the hat. Honor 's a good brooch to wear in a man's hat. B. Jonson.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: A painting all of one color, as a sepia painting, or an India painting.

BROOCH
Brooch, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Brooched (.]

Defn: To adorn as with a brooch. [R.]

BROOD Brood, n. Etym: [OE. brod, AS. brod; akin to D. broed, OHG. bruot, G. brut, and also to G. brühe broth, MHG. brüeje, and perh. to E. brawn, breath. Cf. Breed, v. t.]

1. The young birds hatched at one time; a hatch; as, a brood of
chicken.
As a hen doth gather her brood under her wings. Luke xiii. 34.
A hen followed by a brood of ducks. Spectator.

2. The young from the same dam, whether produced at the same time or not; young children of the same mother, especially if nearly of the same age; offspring; progeny; as, a woman with a brood of children. The lion roars and gluts his tawny brood. Wordsworth.

3. That which is bred or produced; breed; species. Flocks of the airy brood, (Cranes, geese or long-necked swans). Chapman.

4. (Mining)

Defn: Heavy waste in tin and copper ores. To sit on brood, to ponder.
[Poetic] Shak.

BROOD
Brood, a.

1. Sitting or inclined to sit on eggs.

2. Kept for breeding from; as, a brood mare; brood stock; having young; as, a brood sow.

BROOD
Brood, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brooded; p. pr. & vb. n. Brooding.]

1. To sit on and cover eggs, as a fowl, for the purpose of warming them and hatching the young; or to sit over and cover young, as a hen her chickens, in order to warm and protect them; hence, to sit quietly, as if brooding. Birds of calm sir brooding on the charmed wave. Milton.

2. To have the mind dwell continuously or moodily on a subject; to think long and anxiously; to be in a state of gloomy, serious thought; — usually followed by over or on; as, to brood over misfortunes. Brooding on unprofitable gold. Dryden. Brooding over all these matters, the mother felt like one who has evoked a spirit. Hawthorne. When with downcast eyes we muse and brood. Tennyson.

BROOD
Brood, v. t.

1. To sit over, cover, and cherish; as, a hen broods her chickens.

2. To cherish with care. [R.]

3. To think anxiously or moodily upon. You'll sit and brood your sorrows on a throne. Dryden.

BROODY
Brood"y, a.

Defn: Inclined to brood. Ray.

BROOK Brook, n. Etym: [OE. brok, broke, brook, AS. broc; akin to D. broek, LG. brok, marshy ground, OHG. pruoh, G. bruch marsh; prob. fr. the root of E. break, so as that it signifies water breaking through the earth, a spring or brook, as well as a marsh. See Break, v. t.]

Defn: A natural stream of water smaller than a river or creek.
The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brooks of
water. Deut. viii. 7.
Empires itself, as doth an inland brook Into the main of waters.
Shak.

BROOK Brook, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brooked; p. pr. & vb. n. Brooking.] Etym: [OE. broken, bruken, to use, enjoy, digest, AS. br; akin to D. gebruiken to use, OHG. pr, G. brauchen, gebrauchen, Icel. br, Goth. br, and L. frui, to enjoy. Cf. Fruit, Broker.]

1. To use; to enjoy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To bear; to endure; to put up with; to tolerate; as, young men can not brook restraint. Spenser. Shall we, who could not brook one lord, Crouch to the wicked ten Macaulay.

3. To deserve; to earn. [Obs.] Sir J. Hawkins.

BROOKITE
Brook"ite, n. Etym: [Named from the English mineralogist,
H.J.Brooke.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of titanic oxide, and hence identical with rutile and octahedrite in composition, but crystallizing in the orthorhombic system.

BROOKLET
Brook"let, n.

Defn: A small brook.

BROOKLIME
Brook"lime`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Veronica Beccabunga), with flowers, usually blue, in axillary racemes. The American species is V. Americana. [Formerly written broklempe or broklympe.]

BROOK MINT
Brook" mint`. (Bot.)

Defn: See Water mint.

BROOKSIDE
Brook"side`, n.

Defn: The bank of a brook.

BROOKWEED
Brook"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small white-flowered herb (Samolus Valerandi) found usually in wet places; water pimpernel.

BROOM Broom, n. Etym: [OE. brom, brome, AS. brom; akin to LG. bram, D. brem, OHG. bramo broom, thornbrombeere blackberry. Cf. Bramble, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having twigs suitable for making brooms to sweep with when bound together; esp., the Cytisus scoparius of Western Europe, which is a low shrub with long, straight, green, angular branches, mintue leaves, and large yellow flowers. No gypsy cowered o'er fires of furze and broom. Wordsworth.

2. An implement for sweeping floors, etc., commonly made of the panicles or tops of broom corn, bound together or attached to a long wooden handle; — so called because originally made of the twigs of the broom. Butcher's broom, a plant (Ruscus aculeatus) of the Smilax family, used by butchers for brooms to sweep their blocks; — called also knee holly. See Cladophyll. — Dyer's broom, a species of mignonette (Reseda luteola), used for dyeing yellow; dyer's weed; dyer's rocket. — Spanish broom. See under Spanish.

BROOM
Broom, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: See Bream.

BROOM CORN
Broom" corn`. (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of Sorghum vulgare, having a joined stem, like maize, rising to the height of eight or ten feet, and bearing its seeds on a panicle with long branches, of which brooms are made.

BROOM RAPE
Broom" rape`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Orobanche) of parasitic plants of Europe and Asia. They are destitute of chlorophyll, have scales instead of leaves, and spiked flowers, and grow attached to the roots of other plants, as furze, clover, flax, wild carrot, etc. The name is sometimes applied to other plants related to this genus, as Aphyllon uniflorumand A. Ludovicianum.

BROOMSTAFF
Broom"staff`, n.

Defn: A broomstick. [Obs.] Shak.

BROOMSTICK
Broom"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick used as a handle of a broom.

BROOMY
Broom"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to broom; overgrowing with broom; resembling
broom or a broom.
If land grow mossy or broomy. Mortimer.

BROSE
Brose, n. Etym: [CF. Gael. brothas. Cf. Brewis, Broth.]

Defn: Pottage made by pouring some boiling liquid on meal (esp. oatmeal), and stirring it. It is called beef brose, water brose, etc., according to the name of the liquid (beef broth, hot water, etc.) used. [Scot.]

BROTEL
Brot"el, a.

Defn: Brittle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BROTELNESS
Brot"el*ness, n.

Defn: Brittleness. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BROTH
Broth, n. Etym: [AS. bro; akin to OHG. brod, brot; cf. Ir. broth,
Gael. brot. *93. Cf. Brewis, Brew.]

Defn: Liquid in which flesh (and sometimes other substances, as barley or rice) has been boiled; thin or simple soup. I am sure by your unprejudiced discourses that you love broth better than soup. Addison.

BROTHEL Broth"el, n. Etym: [OE. brothel, brodel, brethel, a prostitute, a worthless fellow, fr. AS. beró to ruin, destroy; cf. AS. breótan to break, and E. brittle. The term brothel house was confused with bordel brothel. CF. Bordel.]

Defn: A house of lewdness or ill fame; a house frequented by prostitutes; a bawdyhouse.

BROTHELER
Broth"el*er, n.

Defn: One who frequents brothels.

BROTHELRY
Broth"el*ry, n.

Defn: Lewdness; obscenity; a brothel. B. Jonson.

BROTHER Broth"er, n.; pl. Brothers or Brethren. See Brethren. Etym: [OE. brother, AS. bro; akin to OS. brothar, D. broeder, OHG. pruodar, G. bruder, Icel. bro, Sw. & Dan. broder, Goth. bro, Ir. brathair, W. brawd, pl. brodyr, Lith. brolis, Lett. brahlis, Russ. brat', Pol. & Serv. brat, OSlav. brat, L. frater, Skr. bhrat, Zend. bratar brother, Gr. Brothers; in the solemn style, Brethren, OE. pl. brether, bretheren, AS. dat. sing. bre, nom. pl. bro, bro. sq. root258. Cf. Frair, Fraternal.]

1. A male person who has the same father and mother with another person, or who has one of them only. In the latter case he is more definitely called a half brother, or brother of the half blood. Two of us in the churchyard lie, My sister and my brother. Wordsworth.

2. One related or closely united to another by some common tie or interest, as of rank, profession, membership in a society, toil, suffering, etc.; — used among judges, clergymen, monks, physicians, lawers, professors of religion, etc. "A brother of your order." Shak. We few, we happy few, we band of brothers, For he to-day that sheds his blood with me Shall be my brother. Shak.

3. One who, or that which, resembles another in distinctive qualities or traits of character. He also that is slothful in his work is brother to him that is a great waster. Prov. xviii. 9. That April morn Of this the very brother. Wordsworth.

Note: In Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents, as in the case of Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Laban. In a more general sense, brother or brethren is used for fellow-man or fellow-men. For of whom such massacre Make they but of their brethren, men of men Milton. Brother Jonathan, a humorous designation for the people of the United States collectively. The phrase is said to have originated from Washington's referring to the patriotic Jonathan Trumbull, governor of Connecticut, as "Brother Jonathan." — Blood brother. See under Blood.

BROTHER
Broth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brothered.]

Defn: To make a brother of; to call or treat as a brother; to admit to a brotherhood. Sir W. Scott.

BROTHER GERMAN
Broth"er ger"man. (Law)

Defn: A brother by both the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, one by the mother only. Bouvier.

BROTHERHOOD
Broth"er*hood, n. Etym: [Brother + -hood.]

1. The state of being brothers or a brother.

2. An association for any purpose, as a society of monks; a fraternity.

3. The whole body of persons engaged in the same business, — especially those of the same profession; as, the legal or medical brotherhood.

4. Persons, and, poetically, things, of a like kind. A brotherhood of venerable trees. Wordsworth.

Syn.
— Fraternity; association; fellowship; sodality.

BROTHER-IN-LAW
Broth"er-in-law`, n.; pl. Brothers-in-law (.

Defn: The brother of one's husband or wife; also, the husband of one's sister; sometimes, the husband of one's wife's sister.

BROTHERLINESS
Broth"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being brotherly.

BROTHERLY
Broth"er*ly, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to brothers; such as is natural for brothers; becoming to brothers; kind; affectionate; as, brotherly love.

Syn.
— Fraternal; kind; affectionate; tender.

BROTHERLY
Broth"er*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a brother; affectionately; kindly. "I speak but brotherly of him." Shak.

BROUDED
Broud"ed, p.a.

Defn: Braided; broidered. [Obs.]
Alle his clothes brouded up and down. Chaucer.

BROUGHAM
Brough"am, n.

Defn: A light, close carriage, with seats inside for two or four, and the fore wheels so arranged as to turn short.

BROW
Brow, n. Etym: [OE. browe, bruwe, AS. br; akin to AS. br, breáw,
eyelid, OFries. bre, D. braauw, Icel. bra, br, OHG. prawa, G. braue,
OSlav. br, Russ. brove, Ir. brai, Ir. & Gael. abhra, Armor. abrant,
Gr. bhr. Cf. Bray a bank, Bridge.]

1. The prominent ridge over the eye, with the hair that covers it, forming an arch above the orbit. And his arched brow, pulled o'er his eyes, With solemn proof proclaims him wise. Churchill.

2. The hair that covers the brow (ridge over the eyes); the eyebrow. 'T is not your inky brows, your brack silk hair. Shak.

3. The forehead; as, a feverish brow. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow. Shak.

4. The general air of the countenance. To whom thus Satan with contemptuous brow. Milton. He told them with a masterly brow. Milton.

5. The edge or projecting upper aprt of a steep place; as, the brow of a precipice; the brow of a hill. To bend the brow, To knit the brows, to frown; to scowl.

BROW
Brow, v. t.

Defn: To bound to limit; to be at, or form, the edge of. [R.] Tending my flocks hard by i' the hilly crofts That brow this bottom glade. Milton.

BROWBEAT
Brow"beat`, v. t. [imp. Browbeat; p. p. Browbeaten; p. pr. & vb. n.
Browbeating.]

Defn: To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic assertions; to abash or disconcert by impudent or abusive words or looks; to bully; as, to browbeat witnesses. My grandfather was not a man to be browbeaten. W. Irving.

BROWBEATING
Brow"beat`ing, n.

Defn: The act of bearing down, abashing, or disconcerting, with stern looks, suspercilious manners, or confident assertions. The imperious browbeating and scorn of great men. L'Estrange.

BROWBOUND
Brow"bound`, a.

Defn: Crowned; having the head encircled as with a diadem. Shak.

BROWDYNG
Browd"yng, n.

Defn: Embroidery. [Obs.]
Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel. Chaucer.

BROWED
Browed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a brow; — used in composition; as, dark-browed, stern-browed.

BROWLESS
Brow"less, a.

Defn: Without shame. L. Addison.

BROWN Brown, a. [Compar. Browner; superl. Brownest.] Etym: [OE. brun, broun, AS. br; akin to D. bruin, OHG. br, Icel. br, Sw. brun, Dan. bruun, G. braun, Lith. brunas, Skr. babhru. *93, 253. Cf. Bruin, Beaver, Burnish, Brunette.]

Defn: Of a dark color, of various shades between black and red or
yellow.
Cheeks brown as the oak leaves. Longfellow.
Brown Bess, the old regulation flintlock smoothbore musket, with
bronzed barrel, formerly used in the British army.
— Brown bread (a) Dark colored bread; esp. a kind made of unbolted
wheat flour, sometimes called in the United States Graham bread. "He
would mouth with a beggar though she smelt brown bread and garlic."
Shak. (b) Dark colored bread made of rye meal and Indian meal, or of
wheat and rye or Indian; rye and Indian bread. [U.S.] — Brown coal,
wood coal. See Lignite.
— Brown hematite or Brown iron ore (Min.), the hydrous iron oxide,
limonite, which has a brown streak. See Limonite.
— Brown holland. See under Holland.
— Brown paper, dark colored paper, esp. coarse wrapping paper, made
of unbleached materials.
— Brown spar (Min.), a ferruginous variety of dolomite, in part
identical with ankerite.
— Brown stone. See Brownstone.
— Brown stout, a strong kind of proter or malt liquor.
— Brown study, a state of mental abstraction or serious reverie. W.
Irving.

BROWN
Brown, n.

Defn: A dark color inclining to red or yellow, resulting from the mixture of red and black, or of red, black, and yellow; a tawny, dusky hue.

BROWN
Brown, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Browned; p. pr. & vb. n. Browning.]

1. To make brown or dusky. A trembling twilight o'er welkin moves,Browns the dim void and darkens deep the groves. Barlow.

2. To make brown by scorching slightly; as, to brown meat or flour.

3. To give a bright brown color to, as to gun barrels, by forming a thin coat of oxide on their surface. Ure.

BROWN
Brown, v. i.

Defn: To become brown.

BROWNBACK
Brown"back`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dowitcher or red-breasted snipe. See Dowitcher.

BROWN BILL
Brown" bill`. Etym: [Brown + bill cutting tool.]

Defn: A bill or halberd of the 16th and 17th centuries. See 4th Bill. Many time, but for a sallet, my brainpan had been cleft with a brown bill. Shak.

Note: The black, or as it is sometimes called, the brown bill, was a kind of halberd, the cutting part hooked like a woodman's bill, from the back of which projected a spike, and another from the head. Grose.

BROWNIAN
Brown"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Dr. Robert Brown, who first demonstrated (about 1827) the commonness of the motion described below. Brownian movement, the peculiar, rapid, vibratory movement exhibited by the microscopic particles of substances when suspended in water or other fluids.

BROWNIE Brown"ie, n. Etym: [So called from its supposed tawny or swarthy color.]

Defn: An imaginary good-natured spirit, who was supposed often to perform important services around the house by night, such as thrashing, churning, sweeping. [Scot.]

BROWNING
Brown"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of giving a brown color, as to gun barrels, etc.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: A smooth coat of brown mortar, usually the second coat, and the preparation for the finishing coat of plaster.

BROWNISH
Brown"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat brown.

BROWNISM
Brown"ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The views or teachings of Robert Brown of the Brownists.
Milton.

BROWNISM
Brown"ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrines of the Brunonian system of medicine. See
Brunonian.

BROWNIST
Brown"ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Robert Brown, of England, in the 16th century, who taught that every church is complete and independent in itself when organized, and consists of members meeting in one place, having full power to elect and depose its officers.

BROWNIST
Brown"ist, n. (Med.)

Defn: One who advocates the Brunonian system of medicine.

BROWNNESS
Brown"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brown. Now like I brown (O lovely brown thy hair); Only in brownness beauty dwelleth there. Drayton.

BROWN RACE
Brown race.

Defn: The Malay or Polynesian race; — loosely so called.

BROWNSTONE
Brown"stone`, n.

Defn: A dark variety of sandstone, much used for building purposes.

BROWN THRUSH
Brown" thrush". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American singing bird (Harporhynchus rufus), allied to the mocking bird; — also called brown thrasher.

BROWNWORT
Brown"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of figwort or Scrophularia (S. vernalis), and other species of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous coarse flowers.

BROWNY
Brown"y, a.

Defn: Brown or, somewhat brown. "Browny locks." Shak.

BROWPOST
Brow"post`, n. (Carp.)

Defn: A beam that goes across a building.

BROWSE Browse, n. Etym: [OF. brost, broust, sprout, shoot, F. brout browse, browsewood, prob. fr. OHG. burst, G. borste, bristle; cf. also Armor. brousta to browse. See Bristle, n., Brush, n.]

Defn: The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals; green food. Spenser. Sheep, goats, and oxen, and the nobler steed, On browse, and corn, and flowery meadows feed. Dryden.

BROWSE
Browse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Browsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Browsing.] Etym:
[For broust, OF. brouster, bruster, F. brouter. See Browse, n., and
cf. Brut.]

1. To eat or nibble off, as the tender branches of trees, shrubs, etc.; — said of cattle, sheep, deer, and some other animals. Yes, like the stag, when snow the plasture sheets, The barks of trees thou browsedst. Shak.

2. To feed on, as pasture; to pasture on; to graze. Fields . . . browsed by deep-uddered kine. Tennyson.

BROWSE
Browse, v. i.

1. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs or trees, as do cattle, sheep, and deer.

2. To pasture; to feed; to nibble. Shak.

BROWSER
Brows"er, n.

Defn: An animal that browses.

BROWSEWOOD
Browse"wood`, n.

Defn: Srubs and bushes upon which animals browse.

BROWSING
Brows"ing, n.

Defn: Browse; also, a place abounding with shrubs where animals may
browse.
Browsings for the deer. Howell.

BROWSPOT
Brow"spot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rounded organ between the eyes of the frog; the interocular gland.

BRUANG
Bru*ang", n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Malayan sun bear.

BRUCINE Bru"cine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. brucine, fr. James Bruce, a Scottish traveler.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poweful vegetable alkaloid, found, associated with strychnine, in the seeds of different species of Strychnos, especially in the Nux vomica. It is less powerful than strychnine. Called also brucia and brucina.

BRUCITE Bru"cite, n. Etym: [Named after Dr. A.Bruce of New York.] (Min.) (a) A white, pearly mineral, occurring thin and foliated, like talc, and also fibrous; a native magnesium hydrate. (b) The mineral chondrodite. [R.]

BRUCKELED
Bruck"eled, a.

Defn: Wet and dirty; begrimed. [Obs. or Dial.] Herrick.

BRUH
Bruh, n. (Zoöl.) Etym: [Native name.]

Defn: The rhesus monkey. See Rhesus.

BRUIN
Bru"in, n. Etym: [D. bruin brown. In the epic poem of "Reynard the
Fox" the bear is so called from his color. See Brown, a.]

Defn: A bear; — so called in popular tales and fables.

BRUISE
Bruise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bruised; p. pr. & vb. n. Bruising.] Etym:
[OE. brusen, brisen, brosen, bresen, AS. br or fr. OF. bruiser,
bruisier, bruser, to break, shiver, perh. from OHG. brochison. Cf.
Break, v. t.]

1. To injure, as by a blow or collision, without laceration; to contuse; as, to bruise one's finger with a hammer; to bruise the bark of a tree with a stone; to bruise an apple by letting it fall.

2. To break; as in a mortar; to bray, as minerals, roots, etc.; to crush. Nor bruise her flowerets with the armed hoofs. Shak.

Syn.
— To pulverize; bray; triturate; pound; contuse.

BRUISE
Bruise, v. i.

Defn: To fight with the fists; to box.
Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom. Thackeray.

BRUISE
Bruise, n.

Defn: An injury to the flesh of animals, or to plants, fruit, etc., with a blunt or heavy instrument, or by collision with some other body; a contusion; as, a bruise on the head; bruises on fruit. From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises. Isa. i. 6.

BRUISER
Bruis"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, bruises.

2. A boxer; a pugilist. R. Browning. Like a new bruiser on Broughtonic aand, Amid the lists our hero takes his stand. T. Warton.

3. A concave tool used in grinding lenses or the speculums of telescopes. Knight.

BRUISEWORT
Bruise"wort`, n.

Defn: A plant supposed to heal bruises, as the true daisy, the soapwort, and the comfrey.

BRUIT Bruit, n. Etym: [OE. bruit, brut, noise, bruit, F. bruit, fr. LL. brugitus; cf. L. rugire to roar; perh. influenced by the source of E. bray to make a harsh noise, Armor. brud bruit.]

1. Report; rumor; fame. The bruit thereof will bring you many friends. Shak.

2. [French pron. (Med.)

Defn: An abnormal sound of several kinds, heard on auscultation.

BRUIT
Bruit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bruited; p. pr. & vb. n. Bruiting.]

Defn: To report; to noise abroad.
I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited. Shak.

BRUMAIRE
Bru`maire", n. Etym: [F., fr. L. bruma winter.]

Defn: The second month of the calendar adopted by the first French republic. It began thirty days after the autumnal equinox. See Vendemiaire.

BRUMAL
Bru"mal, a. Etym: [L. brumalis, fr. bruma winter: cf. F. brumal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to winter. "The brumal solstice." Sir T.
Browne.

BRUME
Brume, n. Etym: [F. brume winter season, mist, L. bruma winter.]

Defn: Mist; fog; vapors. "The drifting brume." Longfellow.

BRUMMAGEM Brum"ma*gem, a. Etym: [Birmingham (formerly Bromwycham), Eng., "the great mart and manufactory of gilt toys, cheap jewelry," etc.]

Defn: Counterfeit; gaudy but worthless; sham. [Slang] "These
Brummagem gentry." Lady D. Hardy.

BRUMOUS
Bru"mous, a.

Defn: Foggy; misty.

BRUN
Brun, n. Etym: [See Broun a brook.]

Defn: Same as Brun, a brook. [Scot.]

BRUNETTE Bru*nette", n. Etym: [F. brunet, brunette, brownish, dim. of brun, brune, brown, fr. OHG. br. See Brown, a.]

Defn: A girl or woman with a somewhat brown or dark complexion. — a.

Defn: Having a dark tint.

BRUNION Brun"ion, n. Etym: [F. brugnon (cf. It. brugna, prugna), fr. L. prunum. See Prune, n.]

Defn: A nectarine.

BRUNONIAN
Bru*no"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or invented by, Brown; — a term applied to a system of medicine promulgated in the 18th century by John Brown, of Scotland, the fundamental doctrine of which was, that life is a state of excitation produced by the normal action of external agents upon the body, and that disease consists in excess or deficiency of excitation.

BRUNSWICK BLACK
Bruns"wick black`.

Defn: See Japan black.

BRUNSWICK GREEN
Bruns"wick green`. Etym: [G. Braunschweiger grün, first made at
Brunswick, in Germany.]

Defn: An oxychloride of copper, used as a green pigment; also, a carbonate of copper similarly employed.

BRUNT Brunt, n. Etym: [OE. brunt, bront, fr. Icel. bruna to rush; cf. Icel. brenna to burn. Cf. Burn, v. t.]

1. The heat, or utmost violence, of an onset; the strength or greatest fury of any contention; as, the brunt of a battle.

2. The force of a blow; shock; collision. "And heavy brunt of cannon ball." Hudibras. It is instantly and irrecoverably scattered by our first brunt with some real affair of common life. I. Taylor.

BRUSH
Brush, n. Etym: [OE. brusche, OF. broche, broce, brosse, brushwood,
F. brosse brush, LL. brustia, bruscia, fr. OHG. brusta, brust,
bristle, G. borste bristle, bürste brush. See Bristle, n., and cf.
Browse.]

1. An instrument composed of bristles, or other like material, set in a suitable back or handle, as of wood, bone, or ivory, and used for various purposes, as in removing dust from clothes, laying on colors, etc. Brushes have different shapes and names according to their use; as, clothes brush, paint brush, tooth brush, etc.

2. The bushy tail of a fox.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tuft of hair on the mandibles.

4. Branches of trees lopped off; brushwood.

5. A thicket of shrubs or small trees; the shrubs and small trees in a wood; underbrush.

6. (Elec.)

Defn: A bundle of flexible wires or thin plates of metal, used to conduct an electrical current to or from the commutator of a dynamo, electric motor, or similar apparatus.

7. The act of brushing; as, to give one's clothes a brush; a rubbing or grazing with a quick motion; a light touch; as, we got a brush from the wheel as it passed. [As leaves] have with one winter's brush Fell from their boughts. Shak.

8. A skirmish; a slight encounter; a shock or collision; as, to have a brush with an enemy. Let grow thy sinews till their knots be strong, And tempt not yet the brushes of the war. Shak.

9. A short contest, or trial, of speed. Let us enjoy a brush across the country. Cornhill Mag. Electrical brush, a form of the electric discharge characterized by a brushlike appearance of luminous rays diverging from an electrified body.

BRUSH
Brush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Brushing.] Etym:
[OE. bruschen; cf. F. brosser. See Brush, n.]

1. To apply a brush to, according to its particular use; to rub, smooth, clean, paint, etc., with a brush. "A' brushes his hat o' mornings." Shak.

2. To touch in passing, or to pass lightly over, as with a brush. Some spread their sailes, some with strong oars sweep The waters smooth, and brush the buxom wave. Fairfax. Brushed with the kiss of rustling wings. Milton.

3. To remove or gather by brushing, or by an act like that of brushing, or by passing lightly over, as wind; — commonly with off. As wicked dew as e'er my mother brushed With raven's feather from unwholesome fen. Shak. And from the boughts brush off the evil dew. Milton. To brush aside, to remove from one's way, as with a brush. — To brush away, to remove, as with a brush or brushing motion. — To brush up, to paint, or make clean or bright with a brush; to cleanse or improve; to renew. You have commissioned me to paint your shop, and I have done my best to brush you up like your neighbors. Pope.

BRUSH
Brush, v. i.

Defn: To move nimbly in haste; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived; as, to brush by. Snatching his hat, he brushed off like the wind. Goldsmith.

BRUSHER
Brush"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, brushes.

BRUSHINESS
Brush"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of resembling a brush; brushlike condition; shagginess. Dr. H. More.

BRUSHING
Brush"ing, a.

1. Constructed or used to brush with; as a brushing machine.

2. Brisk; light; as, a brushing gallop.

BRUSHITE
Brush"ite, n. Etym: [From George J.Brush, an American mineralogist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A white or gray crystalline mineral consisting of the acid phosphate of calcium.

BRUSH TURKEY
Brush" tur`key. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, edible, gregarious bird of Australia (Talegalla Lathami) of the family Megapodidæ. Also applied to several allied species of New Guinea.

Note: The brush turkeys live in the "brush," and construct a common nest by collecting a large heap of decaying vegetable matter, which generates heat sufficient to hatch the numerous eggs (sometimes half a bushel) deposited in it by the females of the flock.

BRUSH WHEEL
Brush" wheel`.

1. A wheel without teeth, used to turn a similar one by the friction of bristles or something brushlike or soft attached to the circumference.

2. A circular revolving brush used by turners, lapidaries, silversmiths, etc., for polishing.

BRUSHWOOD
Brush"wood, n.

1. Brush; a thicket or coppice of small trees and shrubs.

2. Small branches of trees cut off.

BRUSHY
Brush"y, a.

Defn: Resembling a brush; shaggy; rough.

BRUSK
Brusk, a.

Defn: Same as Brusque.

BRUSQUE Brusque, a. Etym: [F. brusque, from It. brusco brusque, tart, sour, perh. fr. L. (vitis) labrusca wild (vine); or cf. OHG. bruttisc grim, fr. brutti terror.]

Defn: Rough and prompt in manner; blunt; abrupt; hluff; as, a brusque man; a brusque style.

BRUSQUENESS
Brusque"ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being brusque; roughness joined with promptness; blutness. Brit. Quar.

BRUSSELS
Brus"sels, n.

Defn: A city of Belgium, giving its name to a kind of carpet, a kind of lace, etc. Brussels carpet, a kind of carpet made of worsted yarn fixed in a foundation web of strong linen thread. The worsted, which alone shows on the upper surface in drawn up in loops to form the pattern. — Brussels ground, a name given to the handmade ground of real Brussels lace. It is very costly because of the extreme fineness of the threads. — Brussels lace, an expensive kind of lace of several varieties, originally made in Brussels; as, Brussels point, Brussels ground, Brussels wire ground. — Brussels net, an imitation of Brussels ground, made by machinery. — Brussels point. See Point lace. — Brussels sprouts (Bot.), a plant of the Cabbage family, which produces, in the axils of the upright stem, numerous small green heads, or "sprouts," each a cabbage in miniature, of one or two inches in diameter; the thousand-headed cabbage. — Brussels wire ground, a ground for lace, made of silk, with meshes partly straight and partly arched.

BRUSTLE
Brus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brustled; p. pr. & vb. n. Brustling.]
Etym: [OE. brustlien and brastlien, AS. brastlian, fr. berstan to
burst, akin to G. prasseln to crackle. See Burst, v. i.]

1. To crackle; to rustle, as a silk garment. [Obs.] Gower.

2. To make a show of fireceness or defiance; to bristle. [Obs.] To brustle up, to bristle up. [Obs.] Otway.

BRUSTLE
Brus"tle, n.

Defn: A bristle. [Obs. or Prov.] Chaucer.

BRUT
Brut, v. i. Etym: [F. brouter, OF. brouster. See Browse, n.]

Defn: To browse. [Obs.] Evelyn.

BRUT
Brut, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt.

BRUTA
Bru"ta, n. Etym: [NL., neuter pl., fr. L. brutus heavy, stupid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Edentata.

BRUTAL
Bru"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. brutal. See Brute, a.]

1. Of or pertaining to a brute; as, brutal nature. "Above the rest of brutal kind." Milton.

2. Like a brute; savage; cruel; inhuman; brutish; unfeeling; merciless; gross; as, brutal manners. "Brutal intemperance." Macaulay.

BRUTALISM
Bru"tal*ism, n.

Defn: Brutish quality; brutality.

BRUTALITY
Bru*tal"i*ty, n.; pl. Brutalities. Etym: [Cf. F. brutalité.]

1. The quality of being brutal; inhumanity; savageness; pitilessness.

2. An inhuman act. The . . . brutalities exercised in war. Brougham.

BRUTALIZATION
Bru`tal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of making brutal; state of being brutalized.

BRUTALIZE
Bru"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brutalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brutalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. brutaliser.]

Defn: To make brutal; beasty; unfeeling; or inhuman.

BRUTALIZE
Bru"tal*ize, v. i.

Defn: To become brutal, inhuman, barbarous, or coarse and beasty.
[R.]
He mixed . . . with his countrymen, brutalized with them in their
habits and manners. Addison.

BRUTALLY
Bru"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brutal manner; cruelly.

BRUTE Brute, a. Etym: [F. brut, nasc., brute, fem., raw, rough, rude, brutish, L. brutus stupid, irrational: cf. It. & Sp. bruto.]

1. Not having sensation; senseless; inanimate; unconscious; without intelligence or volition; as, the brute earth; the brute powers of nature.

2. Not possessing reason, irrational; unthinking; as, a brute beast;
the brute creation.
A creature . . . not prone And brute as other creatures, but endued
With sanctity of reason. Milton.

3. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, a brute beast. Hence:
Brutal; cruel; fierce; ferocious; savage; pitiless; as, brute
violence. Macaulay.
The influence of capital and mere brute labor. Playfair.

4. Having the physical powers predominating over the mental; coarse; unpolished; unintelligent. A great brute farmer from Liddesdale. Sir W. Scott.

5. Rough; uncivilized; unfeeling. [R.]

BRUTE
Brute, n.

1. An animal destitute of human reason; any animal not human; esp. a quadruped; a beast. Brutes may be considered as either aëral, terrestrial, aquatic, or amphibious. Locke.

2. A brutal person; a savage in heart or manners; as unfeeling or coarse person. An ill-natured brute of a husband. Franklin.

Syn.
— See Beast.

BRUTE
Brute, v. t. Etym: [For bruit.]

Defn: To report; to bruit. [Obs.]

BRUTELY
Brute"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rude or violent manner.

BRUTENESS
Brute"ness, n.

1. Brutality. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Insensibility. "The bruteness of nature." Emerson.

BRUTIFY
Bru"ti*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brutified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brutifying.] Etym: [Brute + -fy: cf. F. brutifier.]

Defn: To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling;
to brutalize.
Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. Barrow.

BRUTING
Bru"ting, n.

Defn: Browsing. [Obs.] Evelyn.

BRUTISH
Bru"tish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a brute or brutes; of a cruel, gross, and stupid nature; coarse; unfeeling; unintelligent. O, let all provocation Take every brutish shape it can devise. Leigh Hunt. Man may . . . render himself brutish, but it is in vain that he would seek to take the rank and density of the brute. I. Taylor.

Syn.
— Insensible; stupid; unfeeling; savage; cruel; brutal; barbarous;
inhuman; ferocious; gross; carnal; sensual; bestial.
— Bru"tish*ly, adv.
— Bru"tish*ness, n.

BRUTISM
Bru"tism, n.

Defn: The nature or characteristic qualities or actions of a brute; extreme stupidity, or beastly vulgarity.

BRYOLOGICAL
Bry*o*log"i*cal, a.

Defn: Relating to bryology; as, bryological studies.

BRYOLOGIST
Bry*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in bryology.

BRYOLOGY
Bry*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That part of botany which relates to mosses.

BRYONIN
Bry"o*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter principle obtained from the root of the bryony (Bryonia alba and B. dioica). It is a white, or slightly colored, substance, and is emetic and cathartic.

BRYONY
Bry"o*ny, n. Etym: [L. bryonia, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The common name of several cucurbitaceous plants of the genus Bryonia. The root of B. alba (rough or white bryony) and of B. dioica is a strong, irritating cathartic. Black bryony, a plant (Tamus communis) so named from its dark glossy leaves and black root; black bindweed.

BRYOPHYTA
Bry*oph"y*ta, n. pl.

Defn: See Cryptogamia.

BRYOZOA
Bry`o*zo"a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Molluscoidea, including minute animals which by budding form compound colonies; — called also Polyzoa.

Note: They are often coralike in form and appearance, each small cell containing an individual zooid. Other species grow in delicate, flexible, branched forms, resembling moss, whence the name. Some are found in fresh water, but most are marine. The three principal divisions are Ectoprocta, Entoprocta, and Pterobranchia. See Cyclostoma, Chilostoma, and Phylactolema.

BRYOZOAN
Bry`o*zo"an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Bryozoa.
— n.

Defn: One of the Bryozoa.

BRYOZOUM
Bry`o*zo"um, n. Etym: [NL. See Bryozoa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An individual zooid of a bryozoan coralline, of which there may be two or more kinds in a single colony. The zooecia usually have a wreath of tentacles around the mouth, and a well developed stomach and intestinal canal; but these parts are lacking in the other zooids (Avicularia, Ooecia, etc.).

BUANSUAH
Bu`an*su"ah, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild dog of northern India (Cuon primævus), supposed by some to be an ancestral species of the domestic dog.

BUAT
Bu"at, n. Etym: [Scot., of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A lantern; also, the moon. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

BUB
Bub, n.

Defn: Strong malt liquor. [Cant] Prior.

BUB
Bub, n. Etym: [Cf. 2d Bubby.]

Defn: A young brother; a little boy; — a familiar term of address of a small boy.

BUB
Bub, v. t. Etym: [Abbrev. from Bubble.]

Defn: To throw out in bubbles; to bubble. [Obs.] Sackville.

BUBALE
Bu"ba*le, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bubale. See Buffalo, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large antelope (Alcelaphus bubalis) of Egypt and the Desert of Sahara, supposed by some to be the fallow deer of the Bible.

BUBALINE
Bu"ba*line, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling a buffalo. Bubaline antelope (Zoöl.), the bubale.

BUBBLE Bub"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. D. bobbel, Dan. boble, Sw. bubbla. Cf. Blob, n.]

1. A thin film of liquid inflated with air or gas; as, a soap bubble; bubbles on the surface of a river. Beads of sweat have stood upon thy brow, Like bubbles in a late disturbed stream. Shak.

2. A small quantity of air or gas within a liquid body; as, bubbles rising in champagne or aërated waters.

3. A globule of air, or globular vacuum, in a transparent solid; as, bubbles in window glass, or in a lens.

4. A small, hollow, floating bead or globe, formerly used for testing the strength of spirits.

5. The globule of air in the spirit tube of a level.

6. Anything that wants firmness or solidity; that which is more specious than real; a false show; a cheat or fraud; a delusive scheme; an empty project; a dishonest speculation; as, the South Sea bubble. Then a soldier . . . Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon's mouth. Shak.

7. A person deceived by an empty project; a gull. [Obs.] "Ganny's a cheat, and I'm a bubble." Prior.

BUBBLE
Bub"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bubbled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bubbling (.]
Etym: [Cf. D. bobbelen, Dan. boble. See Bubble, n.]

1. To rise in bubbles, as liquids when boiling or agitated; to contain bubbles. The milk that bubbled in the pail. Tennyson.

2. To run with a gurdling noise, as if forming bubbles; as, a bubbling stream. Pope.

3. To sing with a gurgling or warbling sound. At mine ear Bubbled the nightingale and heeded not. Tennyson.

BUBBLER
Bub"bler, v. t.

Defn: To cheat; to deceive.
She has bubbled him out of his youth. Addison.
The great Locke, who was seldom outwitted by false sounds, was
nevertheless bubbled here. Sterne.

BUBBLER
Bub"bler, n.

1. One who cheats. All the Jews, jobbers, bubblers, subscribers, projectors, etc. Pope.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the Ohio river; — so called from the noise it makes.

BUBBLE SHELL
Bub"ble shell`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A marine univalve shell of the genus Bulla and allied genera, belonging to the Tectibranchiata.

BUBBLING JOCK
Bub"bling Jock` (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male wild turkey, the gobbler; — so called in allusion to its notes.

BUBBLY
Bub"bly, a.

Defn: Abounding in bubbles; bubbling. Nash.

BUBBY Bub"by (bûb"by), n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. bübbi, or It. poppa, Pr. popa, OF. poupe, a woman's breast.]

Defn: A woman's breast. [Low]

BUBBY
Bub"by, n. Etym: [A corruption of brother.]

Defn: Bub; — a term of familiar or affectionate address to a small boy.

BUBO Bu"bo, n.; pl. Buboes (. Etym: [LL. bubo the groin, a swelling in the groin, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation, with enlargement, of a limphatic gland, esp. in the groin, as in syphilis.

BUBONIC
Bu*bon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bubo or buboes; characterized by buboes.

BUBONOCELE
Bu*bon"o*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. bubonocèle.] (Med.)

Defn: An inguinal hernia; esp. that incomplete variety in which the hernial pouch descends only as far as the groin, forming a swelling there like a bubo.

BUBUKLE
Bu"bu*kle, n.

Defn: A red pimple. [R.] Shak.

BUCCAL
Buc"cal, a. Etym: [L. bucca cheek: cf. F. buccal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mouth or cheeks.

BUCCAN
Buc"can, n. [F. boucan. See Buccaneer.]

1.

Defn: A wooden frame or grid for roasting, smoking, or drying meat over fire.

2. A place where meat is smoked.

3. Buccaned meat.

BUCCAN
Buc"can, v. t. [F. boucaner. See Buccaneer.]

Defn: To expose (meat) in strips to fire and smoke upon a buccan.

BUCCANEER Buc`ca*neer", n. Etym: [F. boucanier, fr. boucaner to smoke or broil meat and fish, to hunt wild beasts for their skins, boucan a smoking place for meat or fish, gridiron for smoking: a word of American origin.]

Defn: A robber upon the sea; a pirate; — a term applied especially to the piratical adventurers who made depredations on the Spaniards in America in the 17th and 18th centuries. [Written also bucanier.]

Note: Primarily, one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French settlers in Hayti or Hispaniola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine.

BUCCANEER
Buc`ca*neer", v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a buccaneer; to live as a piratical adventurer or sea robber.

BUCCANEERISH
Buc`ca*neer"ish, a.

Defn: Like a buccaneer; piratical.

BUCCINAL
Buc"ci*nal, a. Etym: [L. bucina a crooked horn or trumpet.]

Defn: Shaped or sounding like a trumpet; trumpetlike.

BUCCINATOR Buc`ci*na"tor, n. Etym: [L., a trumpeter, fr. bucinare to sound the trumpet.] (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle of the cheek; — so called from its use in blowing wind instruments.

BUCCINOID
Buc"ci*noid, a. Etym: [Buccinum + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the genus Buccinum, or pertaining to the Buccinidæ, a family of marine univalve shells. See Whelk, and Prosobranchiata.

BUCCINUM
Buc"ci*num, n. Etym: [L., a trumpet, a trumpet shell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large univalve mollusks abundant in the arctic seas.
It includes the common whelk (B. undatum).

BUCENTAUR
Bu*cen"taur, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A fabulous monster, half ox, half man.

2. Etym: [It. bucentoro.]

Defn: The state barge of Venice, used by the doge in the ceremony of espousing the Adriatic.

BUCEPHALUS
Bu*ceph"a*lus, n. [L., fr. Gr. , lit., ox-headed; ox + head.]

1.

Defn: The celebrated war horse of Alexander the Great.

2. Hence, any riding horse. [Jocose] Sir W. Scott.

BUCEROS
Bu"ce*ros, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large perching birds; the hornbills.

BUCHOLZITE
Buch"ol*zite, n. Etym: [So called from Bucholz, a German chemist.]
(Min.)

Defn: Same as Fibrolite.

BUCHU
Bu"chu, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A South African shrub (Barosma) with small leaves that are dotted with oil dlands; also, the leaves themselves, which are used in medicine for diseases of the urinary organs, etc. Several species furnish the leaves.

BUCK
Buck, n. Etym: [Akin to LG. büke, Dan. byg, Sw. byk, G. bauche: cf.
It. bucato, Prov. Sp. bugada, F. buée.]

1. Lye or suds in which cloth is soaked in the operation of bleaching, or in which clothes are washed.

2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed. [Obs.] Shak.

BUCK
Buck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bucking.] Etym:
[OE. bouken; akin to LG. büken, Dan. byge, Sw. byka, G. bauchen,
beuchen; cf. OF. buer. Cf. the preceding noun.]

1. To soak, steep, or boil, in lye or suds; — a process in bleaching.

2. To wash (clothes) in lye or suds, or, in later usage, by beating them on stones in running water.

3. (Mining)

Defn: To break up or pulverize, as ores.

BUCK
Buck, n. Etym: [OE. buk, bucke, AS. bucca, bua, he-goat; akin to D.
bok, OHG. pocch, G. bock, Ir. boc, W. bwch, Corn. byk; cf. Zend b,
Skr. bukka. *256. Cf. Butcher, n.]

1. The male of deer, especially fallow deer and antelopes, or of goats, sheep, hares, and rabbits.

Note: A male fallow deer is called a fawn in his first year; a pricket in his second; a sorel in his third; a sore in his fourth; a buck of the first head in his fifth; and a great buck in his sixth. The female of the fallow deer is termed a doe. The male of the red deer is termed a stag or hart and not a buck, and the female is called a hind. Brande & C.

2. A gay, dashing young fellow; a fop; a dandy. The leading bucks of the day. Thackeray.

3. A male Indian or negro. [Colloq. U.S.]

Note: The word buck is much used in composition for the names of antelopes; as, bush buck, spring buck. Blue buck. See under Blue. — Water buck, a South African variety of antelope (Kobus ellipsiprymnus). See Illust. of Antelope.

BUCK
Buck, v. i.

1. To copulate, as bucks and does.

2. To spring with quick plunging leaps, descending with the fore legs rigid and the head held as low down as possible; — said of a vicious horse or mule.

BUCK
Buck, v. t.

1. (Mil.)

Defn: To subject to a mode of punishment which consists in tying the wrists together, passing the arms over the bent knees, and putting a stick across the arms and in the angle formed by the knees.

2. To throw by bucking. See Buck, v. i., 2. The brute that he was riding had nearly bucked him out of the saddle. W. E. Norris.

BUCK
Buck, n.

Defn: A frame on which firewood is sawed; a sawhorse; a sawbuck. Buck saw, a saw set in a frame and used for sawing wood on a sawhorse.

BUCK
Buck, n. Etym: [See Beech, n.]

Defn: The beech tree. [Scot.] Buck mast, the mast or fruit of the beech tree. Johnson.

BUCK-BASKET
Buck"-bas`ket, n. Etym: [See 1st Buck.]

Defn: A basket in which clothes are carried to the wash. Shak.

BUCK BEAN
Buck" bean`. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Menyanthes trifoliata) which grows in moist and boggy places, having racems of white or reddish flowers and intensely bitter leaves, sometimes used in medicine; marsh trefoil; — called also bog bean.

BUCKBOARD
Buck"board`, n.

Defn: A four-wheeled vehicle, having a long elastic board or frame resting on the bolsters or axletrees, and a seat or seats placed transversely upon it; — called also buck wagon.

BUCKER
Buck"er, n. (Mining)

1. One who bucks ore.

2. A broad-headed hammer used in bucking ore.

BUCKER
Buck"er, n.

Defn: A horse or mule that bucks.

BUCKET Buck"et, n. Etym: [OE. boket; cf. AS. buc pitcher, or Corn. buket tub.]

1. A vessel for drawing up water from a well, or for catching, holding, or carrying water, sap, or other liquids. The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket, The moss-covered bucket, which hung in the well. Wordsworth.

2. A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and conveying coal, ore, grain, etc.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: One of the receptacles on the rim of a water wheel into which the water rushes, causing the wheel to revolve; also, a float of a paddle wheel.

4. The valved piston of a lifting pump. Fire bucket, a bucket for carrying water to put out fires. — To kick the bucket, to die. [Low]

BUCKET SHOP
Buck"et shop`.

Defn: An office or a place where facilities are given for betting small sums on current prices of stocks, petroleum, etc. [Slang, U.S.]

BUCKETY
Buck"et*y, n. Etym: [A corruption of buckwheat.]

Defn: Paste used by weavers to dress their webs. Buchanan.

BUCKEYE
Buck"eye`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several American trees and shrubs of the same
genus (Æsculus) as the horse chestnut. The Ohio buckeye, or Fetid
buckeye, is Æsculus glabra.
— Red buckeye is Æ. Pavia.
— Small buckeye is Æ. paviflora.
— Sweet buckeye, or Yellow buckeye, is Æ. flava.

2. A cant name for a native in Ohio. [U.S.] Buckeye State, Ohio; — so called because buckeye trees abound there.

BUCK-EYED
Buck"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having bad or speckled eyes. "A buck-eyed horse." James White.

BUCK FEVER
Buck fever.

Defn: Intense excitement at the sight of deer or other game, such as often unnerves a novice in hunting. [Colloq.]

BUCKHOUND
Buck"hound`, n.

Defn: A hound for hunting deer. Master of the buckhounds, an officer in the royal household. [Eng.]

BUCKIE
Buck"ie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large spiral marine shell, esp. the common whelk. See
Buccinum. [Scot.] Deil's buckie, a perverse, refractory youngster.
[Slang]

BUCKING
Buck"ing, n.

1. The act or process of soaking or boiling cloth in an alkaline liquid in the operation of bleaching; also, the liquid used. Tomlinson.

2. A washing.

3. The process of breaking up or pulverizing ores. Bucking iron
(Mining), a broad-faced hammer, used in bucking or breaking up ores.
— Bucking kier (Manuf.), a large circular boiler, or kier, used in
bleaching.
— Bucking stool, a washing block.

BUCKISH
Buck"ish, a.

Defn: Dandified; foppish.

BUCKLE Buc"kle, n. Etym: [OE. bocle buckle, boss of a shield, OF. bocle, F. boucle, boss of a shield, ring, fr. L. buccula a little cheek or mouth, dim. of bucca cheek; this boss or knob resembling a cheek.]

1. A device, usually of metal, consisting of a frame with one more movable tongues or catches, used for fastening things together, as parts of dress or harness, by means of a strap passing through the frame and pierced by the tongue.

2. A distortion bulge, bend, or kink, as in a saw blade or a plate of sheet metal. Knight.

3. A curl of hair, esp. a kind of crisp curl formerly worn; also, the
state of being curled.
Earlocks in tight buckles on each side of a lantern face. W. Irving.
Lets his wig lie in buckle for a whole half year. Addison.

4. A contorted expression, as of the face. [R.] 'Gainst nature armed by gravity, His features too in buckle see. Churchill.

BUCKLE
Buc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Buckling.]
Etym: [OE. boclen, F. boucler. See Buckle, n.]

1. To fasten or confine with a buckle or buckles; as, to buckle a harness.

2. To bend; to cause to kink, or to become distorted.

3. To prepare for action; to apply with vigor and earnestness; — generally used reflexively. Cartwright buckled himself to the employment. Fuller.

4. To join in marriage. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

BUCKLE
Buc"kle, v. i.

1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink. Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys.

2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall.

3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.] The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys.

4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to
struggle; to contend.
The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as
he was with him. Latimer.
In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak.
To buckle to, to bend to; to engage with zeal.
To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow.
Before buckling to my winter's work. J. D. Forbes.

BUCKLER Buc"kler, n. Etym: [OE. bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier, a shield with a boss, from OF. bocle, boucle, boss. See Buckle, n.]

1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body.

Note: In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches. Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid buckler. — Buckler mustard (Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. — Buckler thorn, a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See Christ's thorn. — Riding buckler (Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.

BUCKLER
Buc"kler, v. t.

Defn: To shield; to defend. [Obs.] Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right, Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree Shak.

BUCKLER-HEADED
Buc"kler-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like a buckler.

BUCKLING
Buc"kling, a.

Defn: Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham.

BUCKRA Buck"ra, n. Etym: [In the language of the Calabar coast, buckra means "demon, a powerful and superior being." J.L.Wilson.]

Defn: A white man; — a term used by negroes of the African coast,
West Indies, etc.

BUCKRA
Buck"ra, a.

Defn: White; white man's; strong; good; as, buckra yam, a white yam.

BUCKRAM Buck"ram, n. Etym: [OE. bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran, F. bougran, MHG. buckeram, LL. buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG. boc, G. bock, goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by transposing the letter r. See Buck, Barracan.]

1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise.

Note: Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing apparel, etc. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant. See Ramson. Dr. Prior.

BUCKRAM
Buck"ram, a.

1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit.

2. Stiff; precise. "Buckram dames." Brooke.

BUCKRAM
Buck"ram, v. t.

Defn: To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper.

BUCK'S-HORN
Buck's"-horn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn
(Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia.

BUCKSHOT
Buck"shot`, n.

Defn: A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and large game.

BUCKSKIN
Buck"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a buck.

2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made of deerskin.

3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of the Revolutionary war. Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought, An' did the buckskins claw, man. Burns.

4. pl.

Defn: Breeches made of buckskin.
I have alluded to his buckskin. Thackeray.

BUCKSTALL
Buck"stall`, n.

Defn: A toil or net to take deer.

BUCKTHORN
Buck"thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See Rhamnus. Sea buckthorn, a plant of the genus Hippophaë.

BUCKTOOTH
Buck"tooth`, n.

Defn: Any tooth that juts out.
When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded. Thackeray.

BUCKWHEAT Buck"wheat`, n. Etym: [Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D. boekweit, G. buchweizen.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for food.

2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc.

BUCOLIC Bu*col"ic, a. Etym: [L. bucolicus, Gr. kal to drive: cf. F. bucolique. See Cow the animal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.

BUCOLIC
Bu*col"ic, n. Etym: [L. Bucolicôn poëma.]

Defn: A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil. Dryden.

BUCOLICAL
Bu*col"ic*al, a.

Defn: Bucolic.

BUCRANIUM
Bu*cra"ni*um, n.; pl. L. Bucrania. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with wreaths, etc.

BUD Bud, n. Etym: [OE. budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze, butz, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. butte in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the dog-rose, or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud, button, OF. boter to bud, push; all akin to E. beat. See Button.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra. Bud moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellana and Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.

BUD
Bud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budded; p. pr. & vb. n. Budding.]

1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot.

2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.

3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak.

Syn.
— To sprout; germinate; blossom.

BUD
Bud, v. t.

Defn: To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear. The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict.

BUDDHA
Bud"dha, n. Etym: [Skr. buddha wise, sage, fr. budh to know.]

Defn: The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and wisdom, or a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists, esp. Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni), the founder of Buddhism.

BUDDHISM
Bud"dhism, n.

Defn: The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindoo sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, "the awakened or enlightened," in the sixth century b.c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvâna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.

BUDDHIST
Bud"dhist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.

BUDDHIST
Bud"dhist, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.

BUDDHISTIC
Bud*dhis"tic, a.

Defn: Same as Buddhist, a.

BUDDING
Bud"ding, n.

1. The act or process of producing buds.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea.

3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.

BUDDLE Bud"dle, n. Etym: [Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G. butteln to shake.] (Mining)

Defn: An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of rynning water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions.

BUDDLE
Bud"dle, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: To wash ore in a buddle.

BUDE BURNER
Bude" burn`er. Etym: [See Bude light.]

Defn: A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burners (the inner rising above the outer) and a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is supplied.

BUDE LIGHT
Bude" light`. Etym: [From Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir
G.Gurney, the inventor.]

Defn: A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil.

BUDGE
Budge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budged; p. pr. & vb. n. Budging.] Etym:
[F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr. bojar, bolegar, to stir, move,
It. bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire. See Boil, v. i.]

Defn: To move off; to stir; to walk away.
I'll not budge an inch, boy. Shak.
The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge From rascals worse
than they. Shak.

BUDGE
Budge, a. Etym: [See Budge, v.]

Defn: Brisk; stirring; jocund. [Obs.] South.

BUDGE
Budge, n. Etym: [OE. bouge bag, OF. boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a
leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. bolc, Gael. bolg.
Cf. Budge, n.]

Defn: A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on; — used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic habits.

BUDGE
Budge, a.

1. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic. "Budge gowns." Milton.

2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics. Those budge doctors of the stoic fur. Milton. Budge bachelor, one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession. — Budge barrel (Mil.), a small copper-hooped barrel with only one head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn together with strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service.

BUDGENESS
Budge"ness, n.

Defn: Sternness; severity. [Obs.]
A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for budgeness. Stanyhurst.

BUDGER
Budg"er, n.

Defn: One who budges. Shak.

BUDGEROW budg"e*row, n. Etym: [Hindi bajra.]

Defn: A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the Ganges.

BUDGET Budg"et, n. Etym: [OE. bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag, wallet, dim. of OF. boge, bouge, leather bag. See Budge, n., and cf. Bouget.]

1. A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; as, a budget of inventions.

2. The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a similar statement in other countries. To open the budget, to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the executive government.

BUDGY
Budg"y, a. Etym: [From Budge, n.]

Defn: Consisting of fur. [Obs.]

BUDLET
Bud"let, n. Etym: [Bud + -let.]

Defn: A little bud springing from a parent bud.
We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the
parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring. E.
Darwin.

BUFF
Buff, n. Etym: [OE. buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F. buffle buffalo.
See Buffalo.]

1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. "A suit of buff." Shak.

2. The color to buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown. A visage rough, Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden.

3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See
Buffy coat, under Buffy, a.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.

6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.] To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright.

BUFF
Buff, a.

1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith.

2. Of the color of buff. Buff coat, a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. — Buff jerkin, originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. — Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing.

BUFF
Buff, v. t.

Defn: To polish with a buff. See Buff, n., 5.

BUFF
Buff, v. t. Etym: [OF. bufer to cuff, buffet. See Buffet a blow.]

Defn: To strike. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

BUFF
Buff, n. Etym: [See Buffet.]

Defn: A buffet; a blow; — obsolete except in the phrase "Blindman's
buff."
Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent That made him reel. Spenser.

BUFF
Buff, a. Etym: [Of uncertain etymol.]

Defn: Firm; sturdy. And for the good old cause stood buff, 'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.

BUFFA
Buf"fa, n. fem. (Mus.) Etym: [It. See Buffoon.]

Defn: The comic actress in an opera.
— a.

Defn: Comic, farcical. Aria buffa, a droll or comic air.
— Opera buffa, a comic opera. See Opera bouffe.

BUFFALO Buf"fa*lo, n.; pl. Buffaloes (. Etym: [Sp. bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F. buffle), fr. L. bubalus, bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. Cow the animal, and cf. Buff the color, and Bubale.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (B. bubalus), originally from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large and savage species of the same genus (B. Caffer) found in South Africa; — called also Cape buffalo.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of wild ox.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bison of North America.

5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffalo fish. See Buffalo fish, below. Buffalo berry (Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid edible red berries. — Buffalo bird (Zoöl.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. — Buffalo bug, the carpet beetle. See under Carpet. — Buffalo chips, dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.] — Buffalo clover (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum and T.soloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison. — Buffalo cod (Zoöl.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; — called also blue cod, and cultus cod. — Buffalo fish (Zoöl.), one of several large fresh-water fishes of the family Catostomidæ, of the Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the big-mouthed or black (Bubalichthys urus), and the small-mouthed (B. altus), are among the more important species used as food. — Buffalo fly, or Buffalo gnat (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits. — Buffalo grass (Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchloë dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] — Buffalo nut (Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut. — Buffalo robe, the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; — much used as a lap robe in sleighs.

BUFFEL DUCK
Buf"fel duck. Etym: [See Buffalo.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small duck (Charitonetta albeola); the spirit duck, or butterball. The head of the male is covered with numerous elongated feathers, and thus appears large. Called also bufflehead.

BUFFER
Buff"er, n. Etym: [Prop a striker. See Buffet a blow.]

1. (Mech.) (a) An elastic apparatus or fender, for deadening the jar caused by the collision of bodies; as, a buffer at the end of a railroad car. (b) A pad or cushion forming the end of a fender, which recieves the blow; — sometimes called buffing apparatus.

2. One who polishes with a buff.

3. A wheel for buffing; a buff.

4. A good-humored, slow-witted fellow; — usually said of an elderly man. [Colloq.] Dickens.

BUFFERHEAD
Buff"er*head`, n.

Defn: The head of a buffer, which recieves the concussion, in railroad carriages.

BUFFET Buf*fet", n. Etym: [F. buffet, LL. bufetum; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. the same source as E. buffet a blow, the root meaning to puff, hence (cf. puffed up) the idea of ostentation or display.]

1. A cupboard or set of shelves, either movable or fixed at one side of a room, for the display of plate, china, etc., a sideboard. Not when a gilt buffet's reflected pride Turns you from sound philosophy aside. Pope.

2. A counter for refreshments; a restaurant at a railroad station, or place of public gathering.

BUFFET Buf"fet, n. Etym: [OE. buffet, boffet, OF. buffet a slap in the face, a pair of bellows, fr. buffe blow, cf. F. bouffer to blow, puff; prob. akin to E. puff. For the meaning slap, blow, cf. F. soufflet a slap, souffler to blow. See Puff, v. i., and cf. Buffet sidebroad, Buffoon]

1. A blow with the hand; a slap on the face; a cuff. When on his cheek a buffet fell. Sir W. Scott.

2. A blow from any source, or that which affects like a blow, as the violence of winds or waves; a stroke; an adverse action; an affliction; a trial; adversity. Those planks of tough and hardy oak that used for yeas to brave the buffets of the Bay of Biscay. Burke. Fortune's buffets and rewards. Shak.

3. A small stool; a stool for a buffet or counter. Go fetch us a light buffet. Townely Myst.

BUFFET
Buf"fet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buffeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Buffeting.]
Etym: [OE. buffeten, OF. buffeter. See the preceding noun.]

1. To strike with the hand or fist; to box; to beat; to cuff; to slap. They spit in his face and buffeted him. Matt. xxvi. 67.

2. To affect as with blows; to strike repeatedly; to strive with or contend against; as, to buffet the billows. The sudden hurricane in thunder roars, Buffets the bark, and whirls it from the shores. Broome. You are lucky fellows who can live in a dreamland of your own, instead of being buffeted about the world. W. Black.

3. Etym: [Cf. Buffer.]

Defn: To deaden the sound of (bells) by muffling the clapper.

BUFFET
Buf"fet, v. i.

1. To exercise or play at boxing; to strike; to smite; to strive; to contend. If I might buffet for my love, or bound my horse for her favors, I could lay on like a butcher. Shak.

2. To make one's way by blows or struggling. Strove to buffet to land in vain. Tennyson.

BUFFETER
Buf"fet*er, n.

Defn: One who buffets; a boxer. Jonson.

BUFFETING
Buf"fet*ing, n.

1. A striking with the hand.

2. A succession of blows; continued violence, as of winds or waves; afflictions; adversity. He seems to have been a plant of slow growth, but . . . fitted to endure the buffeting on the rudest storm. Wirt.

BUFFIN
Buf"fin, n. Etym: [So called from resembling buff

Defn: A sort of coarse stuff; as, buffin gowns. [Obs.]

BUFFING APPARATUS
Buff"ing ap`pa*ra"tus.

Defn: See Buffer, 1.

BUFFLE
Buf"fle, n. Etym: [OE., from F. buffle. See Buffalo.]

Defn: The buffalo. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

BUFFLE
Buf"fle, v. i.

Defn: To puzzle; to be at a loss. [Obs.] Swift.

BUFFLEHEAD
Buf"fle*head`, n. Etym: [Buffle + head.]

1. One who has a large head; a heavy, stupid fellow. [Obs.] What makes you stare so, bufflehead Plautus (trans. 1694).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck. See Buffel duck.

BUFFLE-HEADED
Buf"fle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large head, like a buffalo; dull; stupid; blundering.
[Obs.]
So fell this buffle-headed giant. Gayton.

BUFFO
Buf"fo, n.masc. Etym: [It. See Buffoon.] (Mus.)

Defn: The comic actor in an opera.

BUFFOON Buf*foon", n. Etym: [F. bouffon (cf. It. buffone, buffo, buffa, puff of wind, vanity, nonsense, trick), fr. bouffer to puff out, because the buffoons puffed out their cheeks for the amusement of the spectators. See Buffet a blow.]

Defn: A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures, etc.; a droll; a mimic; a harlequin; a clown; a merry-andrew.

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, a buffoon. "Buffoon stories."
Macaulay.
To divert the audience with buffoon postures and antic dances.
Melmoth.

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", v. i.

Defn: To act the part of a buffoon. [R.]

BUFFOON
Buf*foon", v. t.

Defn: To treat with buffoonery. Glanvill.

BUFFOONERY
Buf*foon"er*y, n.; pl. Buffooneries. Etym: [F. bouffonnerie.]

Defn: The arts and practices of a buffoon, as low jests, ridiculous pranks, vulgar tricks and postures. Nor that it will ever constitute a wit to conclude a tart piece of buffoonery with a "What makes you blush" Spectator.

BUFFOONISH
Buf*foon"ish, a.

Defn: Like a buffoon; consisting in low jests or gestures. Blair.

BUFFOONISM
Buf*foon"ism, n.

Defn: The practices of a buffoon; buffoonery.

BUFFOONLY
Buf*foon"ly, a.

Defn: Low; vulgar. [R.]
Apish tricks and buffoonly discourse. Goodman.

BUFFY
Buff"y, a. (Med.)

Defn: Resembling, or characterized by, buff. Buffy coat, the coagulated plasma of blood when the red corpuscles have so settled out that the coagulum appears nearly colorless. This is common in diseased conditions where the corpuscles run together more rapidly and in denser masses than usual. Huxley.

BUFO
Bu"fo, n. Etym: [L. bufo a toad.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Amphibia including various species of toads.

BUFONITE
Bu"fon*ite, n. Etym: [L. bufo toad: cf. F. bufonite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An old name for a fossil consisting of the petrified teeth and palatal bones of fishes belonging to the family of Pycnodonts (thick teeth), whose remains occur in the oölite and chalk formations; toadstone; — so named from a notion that it was originally formed in the head of a toad.

BUG Bug, n. Etym: [OE. bugge, fr. W. bwg, bwgan, hobgoblin, scarecrow, bugbear. Cf. Bogey, Boggle.]

1. A bugbear; anything which terrifies. [Obs.] Sir, spare your threats: The bug which you would fright me with I seek. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name applied to various insects belonging to the
Hemiptera; as, the squash bug; the chinch bug, etc.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the genus Cimex, especially the bedbug (C. lectularius). See Bedbug.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of various species of Coleoptera; as, the ladybug; potato bug, etc.; loosely, any beetle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of certain kinds of Crustacea; as, the sow bug; pill bug; bait bug; salve bug, etc.

Note: According to present popular usage in England, and among housekeepers in America, bug, when not joined with some qualifying word, is used specifically for bedbug. As a general term it is used very loosely in America, and was formerly used still more loosely in England. "God's rare workmanship in the ant, the poorest bug that creeps." Rogers (Naaman). "This bug with gilded wings." Pope. Bait bug. See under Bait. — Bug word, swaggering or threatening language. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BUGABOO; BUGBEAR
Bug`a*boo", Bug"bear`, n. Etym: [See Bug.]

Defn: Something frightful, as a specter; anything imaginary that
causes needless fright; something used to excite needless fear; also,
something really dangerous, used to frighten children, etc. "Bugaboos
to fright ye." Lloyd.
But, to the world no bugbear is so great As want of figure and a
small estate. Pope.
The bugaboo of the liberals is the church pray. S. B. Griffin.
The great bugaboo of the birds is the owl. J. Burroughs.

Syn.
— Hobgoblin; goblin; specter; ogre; scarecrow.

BUGBANE
Bug"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial white-flowered herb of the order Ranunculaceæ and genus Cimiciguga; bugwort. There are several species.

BUGBEAR
Bug"bear`, n.

Defn: Same as Bugaboo.
— a.

Defn: Causing needless fright. Locke.

BUGBEAR
Bug"bear`, v. t.

Defn: To alarm with idle phantoms.

BUGFISH
Bug"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The menhaden. [U.S.]

BUGGER Bug"ger, n. Etym: [F. bougre, fr. LL. Bulgarus, a Bulgarian, and also a heretic; because the inhabitants of Bulgaria were infected with heresy. Those guilty of the crime of buggery were called heretics, because in the eyes of their adversaries there was nothing more heinous than heresy, and it was therefore thought that the origin of such a vice could only be owing to heretics.]

1. One guilty of buggery or unnatural vice; a sodomite.

2. A wretch; — sometimes used humorously or in playful disparagement. [Low]

BUGGERY
Bug"ger*y, n. Etym: [OF. bougrerie, bogrerie, heresy. See Bugger.]

Defn: Unnatural sexual intercourse; sodomy.

BUGGINESS
Bug"gi*ness, n. Etym: [From Buggy, a.]

Defn: The state of being infested with bugs.

BUGGY
Bug"gy, a. Etym: [From Bug.]

Defn: Infested or abounding with bugs.

BUGGY
Bug"gy, n.; pl. Buggies.

1. A light one horse two-wheeled vehicle. [Eng.] Villebeck prevailed upon Flora to drive with him to the race in a buggy. Beaconsfield.

2. A light, four-wheeled vehicle, usually with one seat, and with or without a calash top. [U.S.] Buggy cultivator, a cultivator with a seat for the driver. — Buggy plow, a plow, or set of plows, having a seat for the driver; — called also sulky plow.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [OE. bugle buffalo, buffalo's horn, OF. bugle, fr.
L. buculus a young bullock, steer, dim. of bos ox. See Cow the
animal.]

Defn: A sort of wild ox; a buffalo. E. Phillips.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [See Bugle a wild ox.]

1. A horn used by hunters.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A copper instrument of the horn quality of tone, shorter and more conical that the trumpet, sometimes keyed; formerly much used in military bands, very rarely in the orchestra; now superseded by the cornet; — called also the Kent bugle.

BUGLE Bu"gle, n. Etym: [LL. bugulus a woman's ornament: cf. G. bügel a bent piece of metal or wood, fr. the same root as G. biegen to bend, E. bow to bend.]

Defn: An elingated glass bead, of various colors, though commonly black.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, a. Etym: [From Bugle a bead.]

Defn: Jet black. "Bugle eyeballs." Shak.

BUGLE
Bu"gle, n. Etym: [F. bugle; cf. It. bugola, L. bugillo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ajuga of the Mint family, a native of the
Old World. Yellow bugle, the Ajuga chamæpitys.

BUGLED
Bu"gled, a.

Defn: Ornamented with bugles.

BUGLE HORN
Bu"gle horn`.

1. A bugle.
One blast upon his bugle horn Were worth a thousand men. Sir W.
Scott.

2. A drinking vessel made of horn. [Obs.] And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine. Chaucer.

BUGLER
Bu"gler, n.

Defn: One who plays on a bugle.

BUGLEWEED
Bu"gle*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Mint family and genus Lycopus; esp. L. Virginicus, which has mild narcotic and astringent properties, and is sometimes used as a remedy for hemorrhage.

BUGLOSS Bu"gloss, n.; pl. Buglosses. Etym: [F. buglosse, L. buglossa, buglossus, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Anchusa, and especially the A. officinalis, sometimes called alkanet; oxtongue. Small wild bugloss, the Asperugo procumbens and the Lycopsis arvensis. — Viper's bugloss, a species of Echium.

BUGWORT
Bug"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Bugbane.

BUHL; BUHLWORK
Buhl, Buhl"work, n. Etym: [From A.Ch.Boule, a French carver in wood.]

Defn: Decorative woodwork in which tortoise shell, yellow metal, white metal, etc., are inlaid, forming scrolls, cartouches, etc. [Written also boule, boulework.]

BUHLBUHL
Buhl"buhl, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bulbul.

BUHRSTONE
Buhr"stone`, n. Etym: [OE. bur a whetstone for scythes.] (Min.)

Defn: A cellular, flinty rock, used for mill stones. [Written also burrstone.]

BUILD Build, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Built; p. pr. & vb. n. Building. The regular imp. & p. p. Builded is antiquated.] Etym: [OE. bulden, bilden, AS. byldan to build, fr. bold house; cf. Icel. bol farm, abode, Dan. bol small farm, OSw. bol, böle, house, dwelling, fr. root of Icel. b to dwell; akin to E. be, bower, boor. sq. root97.]

1. To erect or construct, as an edifice or fabric of any kind; to form by uniting materials into a regular structure; to fabricate; to make; to raise. Nor aught availed him now To have built in heaven high towers. Milton.

2. To raise or place on a foundation; to form, establish, or produce by using appropriate means. Who builds his hopes in air of your good looks. Shak.

3. To increase and strengthen; to increase the power and stability of; to settle, or establish, and preserve; — frequently with up; as, to build up one's constitution. I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up. Acts xx. 32.

Syn.
— To erect; construct; raise; found; frame.

BUILD
Build, v. i.

1. To exercise the art, or practice the business, of building.

2. To rest or depend, as on a foundation; to ground one's self or one's hopes or opinions upon something deemed reliable; to rely; as, to build on the opinions or advice of others.

BUILD
Build, n.

Defn: Form or mode of construction; general figure; make; as, the build of a ship.

BUILDER
Build"er, n.

Defn: One who builds; one whose occupation is to build, as a carpenter, a shipwright, or a mason. In the practice of civil architecture, the builder comes between the architect who designs the work and the artisans who execute it. Eng. Cyc.

BUILDING
Build"ing, n.

1. The act of constructing, erecting, or establishing. Hence it is that the building of our Sion rises no faster. Bp. Hall.

2. The art of constructing edifices, or the practice of civil architecture. The execution of works of architecture necessarily includes building; but building is frequently employed when the result is not architectural. Hosking.

3. That which is built; a fabric or edifice constructed, as a house, a church, etc. Thy sumptuous buildings and thy wife's attire Have cost a mass of public treasury. Shak.

BUILT
Built, n.

Defn: Shape; build; form of structure; as, the built of a ship.
[Obs.] Dryden.

BUILT
Built, a.

Defn: Formed; shaped; constructed; made; — often used in composition
and preceded by the word denoting the form; as, frigate-built,
clipper-built, etc.
Like the generality of Genoese countrywomen, strongly built. Landor.

BUKE MUSLIN
Buke" mus"lin.

Defn: See Book muslin.

BUKSHISH
Buk"shish, n.

Defn: See Backsheesh.

BULAU
Bu"lau, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian insectivorous mammal (Gymnura Rafflesii), somewhat like a rat in appearance, but allied to the hedgehog.

BULB
Bulb, n. Etym: [L. bulbus, Gr. bulbe.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A spheroidal body growing from a plant either above or below the ground (usually below), which is strictly a bud, consisting of a cluster of partially developed leaves, and producing, as it grows, a stem above, and roots below, as in the onion, tulip, etc. It differs from a corm in not being solid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A name given to some parts that resemble in shape certain
bulbous roots; as, the bulb of the aorta. Bulb of the eye, the
eyeball.
— Bulb of a hair, the "root," or part whence the hair originates.
— Bulb of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata, often called
simply bulb.
— Bulb of a tooth, the vascular and nervous papilla contained in
the cavity of the tooth.

3. An expansion or protuberance on a stem or tube, as the bulb of a thermometer, which may be of any form, as spherical, cylindrical, curved, etc. Tomlinson.

BULB
Bulb, v. i.

Defn: To take the shape of a bulb; to swell.

BULBACEOUS
Bul*ba"ceous, a. Etym: [L. bulbaceus. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: Bulbous. Jonson.

BULBAR
Bulb"ar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to bulb; especially, in medicine, pertaining to the bulb of the spinal cord, or medulla oblongata; as, bulbar paralysis.

BULBED
Bulbed, a.

Defn: Having a bulb; round-headed.

BULBEL
Bulb"el, n. Etym: [Dim., fr. bulb, n.] (Bot.)

Defn: A separable bulb formed on some flowering plants.

BULBIFEROUS
Bul*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ -ferous: cf. F. bulbifère.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing bulbs.

BULBIL
Bulb"il, n. [Dim. fr. bulb.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An aërial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable, when separated, of propagating the plant; — called also bulblet and brood bud.

2. (Anat.) A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small vessel or tube.

BULBLET
Bulb"let, n. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ -let.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small bulb, either produced on a larger bulb, or on some aërial part of a plant, as in the axils of leaves in the tiger lily, or replacing the flowers in some kinds of onion.

BULBOSE
Bul*bose", a.

Defn: Bulbous.

BULBO-TUBER
Bul"bo-tu`ber, n. Etym: [Bulb,n.+ tuber.] (Bot.)

Defn: A corm.

BULBOUS
Bulb"ous, a. Etym: [L. bulbosus: cf. F. bulbeux. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: Having or containing bulbs, or a bulb; growing from bulbs; bulblike in shape or structure.

BULBUL
Bul"bul, n. Etym: [Per.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Persian nightingale (Pycnonotus jocosus). The name is also applied to several other Asiatic singing birds, of the family Timaliidæ. The green bulbuls belong to the Chloropsis and allied genera. [Written also buhlbuhl.]

BULBULE
Bul"bule, n. Etym: [L. bulbulus, dim. of bulbus. See Bulb, n.]

Defn: A small bulb; a bulblet.

BULCHIN
Bul"chin, n. Etym: [Dim. of bull.]

Defn: A little bull.

BULGE Bulge, n. Etym: [OE. bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belgan to swell, OSw. bulgja, Icel. bolginn swollen, OHG. belgan to swell, G. bulge leathern sack, Skr. b to be large, strong; the root meaning to swell. Cf. Bilge, Belly, Billow, Bouge, n.]

1. The bilge or protuberant part of a cask.

2. A swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, esp. when caused by pressure; as, a bulge in a wall.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The bilge of a vessel. See Bilge, 2. Bulge ways. (Naut.) See
Bilge ways.

BULGE
Bulge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bulged (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bulging.]

1. To swell or jut out; to bend outward, as a wall when it yields to pressure; to be protuberant; as, the wall bulges.

2. To bilge, as a ship; to founder. And scattered navies bulge on distant shores. Broome.

BULGER
Bul"ger, n. [From Bulge.] (Golf)

Defn: A driver or a brassy with a convex face.

BULGY
Bul"gy, a.

Defn: Bulged; bulging; bending, or tending to bend, outward.
[Colloq.]

BULIMIA; BULIMY
Bu*lim"i*a, Bu"li*my, n. Etym: [NL. bulimia, fr. Gr. boulimie.]
(Med.)

Defn: A disease in which there is a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food; a diseased and voracious appetite.

BULIMUS
Bu*li"mus, n. Etym: [L. bulimus hunger. See Bulimy.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of land snails having an elongated spiral shell, often of large size. The species are numerous ingabundant in tropical America.

BULK
Bulk, n. Etym: [OE. bulke, bolke, heap; cf. Dan. bulk lump, clod,
OSw. bolk crowd, mass, Icel. b to be bulky. Cf. Boll, n., Bile a
boil, Bulge, n.]

1. Magnitude of material substance; dimensions; mass; size; as, an ox or ship of great bulk. Against these forces there were prepared near one hundred ships; not so great of bulk indeed, but of a more nimble motion, and more serviceable. Bacon.

2. The main mass or body; the largest or principal portion; the majority; as, the bulk of a debt. The bulk of the people must labor, Burke told them, "to obtain what by labor can be obtained." J. Morley.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The cargo of a vessel when stowed.

4. The body. [Obs.] Shak. My liver leaped within my bulk. Turbervile. Barrel bulk. See under Barrel. — To break bulk (Naut.), to begin to unload or more the cargo. — In bulk, in a mass; loose; not inclosed in separate packages or divided into separate parts; in such shape that any desired quantity may be taken or sold. — Laden in bulk, Stowed in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold or not inclosed in boxes, bales, or casks. — Sale by bulk, a sale of goods as they are, without weight or measure.

Syn. — Size; magnitude; dimension; volume; bigness; largeness; massiveness.

BULK
Bulk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bulked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bulking.]

Defn: To appear or seem to be, as to bulk or extent; to swell.
The fame of Warburton possibly bulked larger for the moment. Leslie
Stephen.

BULK
Bulk, n. Etym: [Icel. balkr a beam, partition. Cf. Balk, n. & v.]

Defn: A projecting part of a building. [Obs.]
Here, stand behind this bulk. Shak.

BULKER
Bulk"er, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A person employed to ascertain the bulk or size of goods, in order to fix the amount of freight or dues payable on them.

BULKHEAD
Bulk"head`, n. Etym: [See Bulk part of a building.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A partition in a vessel, to separate apartments on the same deck.

2. A structure of wood or stone, to resist the pressure of earth or water; a partition wall or structure, as in a mine; the limiting wall along a water front. Bulked line, a line beyond which a wharf must not project; — usually, the harbor line.

BULKINESS
Bulk"i*ness, n.

Defn: Greatness in bulk; size.

BULKY
Bulk"y, a.

Defn: Of great bulk or dimensions; of great size; large; thick; massive; as, bulky volumes. A bulky digest of the revenue laws. Hawthorne.

BULL
Bull, n. Etym: [OE. bule, bul, bole; akin to D. bul, G. bulle, Icel.
boli, Lith. bullus, Lett. bollis, Russ. vol'; prob. fr. the root of
AS. bellan, E. bellow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of any species of cattle (Bovidæ); hence, the male of any large quadruped, as the elephant; also, the male of the whale.

Note: The wild bull of the Old Testament is thought to be the oryx, a large species of antelope.

2. One who, or that which, resembles a bull in character or action. Ps. xxii. 12.

3. (Astron.) (a) Taurus, the second of the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A constellation of the zodiac between Aries and Gemini. It contains the Pleiades. At last from Aries rolls the bounteous sun, And the bright Bull receives him. Thomson.

4. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: One who operates in expectation of a rise in the price of stocks, or in order to effect such a rise. See 4th Bear, n., 5. Bull baiting, the practice of baiting bulls, or rendering them furious, as by setting dogs to attack them. — John Bull, a humorous name for the English, collectively; also, an Englishman. "Good-looking young John Bull." W. D.Howells. — To take the bull by the horns, to grapple with a difficulty instead of avoiding it.

BULL
Bull, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large;
fierce. Bull bat (Zoöl.), the night hawk; — so called from the loud
noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening.
— Bull calf. (a) A stupid fellow.
— Bull mackerel (Zoöl.), the chub mackerel.
— Bull pump (Mining), a direct single-acting pumping engine, in
which the steam cylinder is placed above the pump.
— Bull snake (Zoöl.), the pine snake of the United States.
— Bull stag, a castrated bull. See Stag.
— Bull wheel, a wheel, or drum, on which a rope is wound for
lifting heavy articles, as logs, the tools in well boring, etc.

BULL
Bull, v. i.

Defn: To be in heat; to manifest sexual desire as cows do. [Colloq.]

BULL
Bull, v. t. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.

BULL Bull, n. Etym: [OE. bulle, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud, knob, LL., a seal or stamp: cf. F. bulle. Cf. Bull a writing, Bowl a ball, Boil, v. i.]

1. A seal. See Bulla.

2. A letter, edict, or respect, of the pope, written in Gothic characters on rough parchment, sealed with a bulla, and dated "a die Incarnationis," i. e., "from the day of the Incarnation." See Apostolical brief, under Brief. A fresh bull of Leo's had declared how inflexible the court of Rome was in the point of abuses. Atterbury.

3. A grotesque blunder in language; an apparent congruity, but real incongruity, of ideas, contained in a form of expression; so called, perhaps, from the apparent incongruity between the dictatorial nature of the pope's bulls and his professions of humility. And whereas the papist boasts himself to be a Roman Catholic, it is a mere contradiction, one of the pope's bulls, as if he should say universal particular; a Catholic schimatic. Milton. The Golden Bull, an edict or imperial constitution made by the emperor Charles IV. (1356), containing what became the fundamental law of the German empire; — so called from its golden seal.

Syn.
— See Blunder.

BULLA
Bul"la, n.; pl. Bullæ (. Etym: [L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A bleb; a vesicle, or an elevation of the cuticle, containing a transparent watery fluid.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: The ovoid prominence below the opening of the ear in the skulls of many animals; as, the tympanic or auditory bulla.

3. A leaden seal for a document; esp. the round leaden seal attached to the papal bulls, which has on one side a representation of St. Peter and St. Paul, and on the other the name of the pope who uses it.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine shells. See Bubble shell.

BULLACE Bul"lace, n. Etym: [OE. bolas, bolace, OF. beloce; of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bolos, polos, Gael. bulaistear.] (Bot.) (a) A small European plum (Prunus communis, var. insitita). See Plum. (b) The bully tree.

BULLANTIC
Bul*lan"tic, a. Etym: [See Bull an edict.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used in, papal bulls. Fry. Bullantic letters,
Gothic letters used in papal bulls.

BULLARY Bul"la*ry, n. Etym: [LL. bullarium: cf. F. bullairie. See Bull an edict.]

Defn: A collection of papal bulls.

BULLARY
Bul"la*ry, n.; pl. Bullaries. Etym: [Cf. Boilary.]

Defn: A place for boiling or preparating salt; a boilery. Crabb.
And certain salt fats or bullaries. Bills in Chancery.

BULLATE
Bul"late, a. Etym: [L. bullatus, fr. bulla bubble.] (Biol.)

Defn: Appearing as if blistered; inflated; puckered. Bullate leaf (Bot.), a leaf, the membranous part of which rises between the veins puckered elevations convex on one side and concave on the other.

BULLBEGGAR
Bull"beg`gar, n.

Defn: Something used or suggested to produce terror, as in children or persons of weak mind; a bugbear. And being an ill-looked fellow, he has a pension from the church wardens for being bullbeggar to all the forward children in the parish. Mountfort (1691).

BULL BRIER
Bull" bri`er. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Smilax (S. Pseudo-China) growing from New Jersey to the Gulf of Mexico, which has very large tuberous and farinaceous rootstocks, formerly used by the Indians for a sort of bread, and by the negroes as an ingredient in making beer; — called also bamboo brier and China brier.

BULLCOMBER
Bull"comb*er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A scaraboid beetle; esp. the Typhæus vulgaris of Europe.

BULLDOG
Bull"dog`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of dog, of remarkable ferocity, courage, and tenacity of grip; — so named, probably, from being formerly employed in baiting bulls.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A refractory material used as a furnace lining, obtained by calcining the cinder or slag from the puddling furnace of a rolling mill.

BULLDOG
Bull"dog`, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, a bulldog; stubborn; as, bulldog courage; bulldog tenacity. Bulldog bat (zo'94l.), a bat of the genus Nyctinomus; — so called from the shape of its face.

BULLDOZE
Bull"doze`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bulldozed; p. pr. & vb.n.
Bulldozing.]

Defn: To intimidate; to restrain or coerce by intimidation or violence; — used originally of the intimidation of negro voters, in Louisiana. [Slang, U.S.]

BULLDOZER
Bull"do`zer, n.

Defn: One who bulldozes. [Slang]

BULLED
Bulled, a. Etym: [Cf. Boln.]

Defn: Swollen. [Obs.]

BULLEN-BULLEN
Bul"len-bul"len, n. Etym: [Native Australian name, from its cry.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The lyre bird.

BULLEN-NAIL
Bul"len-nail`, n. Etym: [Bull large, having a large head + nail.]

Defn: A nail with a round head and short shank, tinned and lacquered.

BULLET Bul"let, n. Etym: [F. boulet, dim. of boule ball. See Bull an edict, and cf. Boulet.]

1. A small ball.

2. A missile, usually of lead, and round or elongated in form, to be discharged from a rifle, musket, pistol, or other small firearm.

3. A cannon ball. [Obs.] A ship before Greenwich . . . shot off her ordnance, one piece being charged with a bullet of stone. Stow.

4. The fetlock of a horse.

Note: [See Illust. under Horse.]

BULLETIN Bul"le*tin, n. Etym: [F. bulletin, fr. It. bullettino, dim. of bulletta, dim. of bulla, bolla, an edict of the pope, from L. bulla bubble. See Bull an edict.]

1. A brief statement of facts respecting some passing event, as military operations or the health of some distinguished personage, issued by authority for the information of the public.

2. Any public notice or announcement, especially of news recently received.

3. A periodical publication, especially one containing the proceeding of a society. Bulletin board, a board on which announcements are put, particularly at newsrooms, newspaper offices, etc.

BULLET-PROOF
Bul"let-proof`, a.

Defn: Capable of resisting the force of a bullet. Bullet tree. See
Bully tree.
— Bullet wood, the wood of the bullet tree.

BULLFACED
Bull"faced`, a.

Defn: Having a large face.

BULLFEAST
Bull"feast`, n.

Defn: See Bullfight. [Obs.]

BULLFIGHT; BULLFIGHTING
Bull"fight`, Bull"fight`ing, n.

Defn: A barbarous sport, of great antiquity, in which men torment,
and fight with, a bull or bulls in an arena, for public amusement, —
still popular in Spain.
— Bull"fight`er (, n.

BULLFINCH
Bull"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Pyrrhula and other related genera, especially the P. vulgaris or rubicilla, a bird of Europe allied to the grosbeak, having the breast, cheeks, and neck, red.

Note: As a cage bird it is highly valued for its remarkable power of learning to whistle correctly various musical airs. Crimson-fronted bullfinch. (Zoöl.) See Burion. — Pine bullfinch, the pine finch.

BULLFIST; BULLFICE Bull"fist, Bull"fice, n. Etym: [Cf. G. bofist, AS. wulfes fist puffball, E. fizz, foist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus. See Puffball.

BULL FLY; BULLFLY
Bull" fly` or Bull"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any large fly troublesome to cattle, as the gadflies and breeze flies.

BULLFROG
Bull"frog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large species of frog (Rana Catesbiana), found in North
America; — so named from its loud bellowing in spring.

BULLHEAD
Bull"head`, n.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A fresh-water fish of many species, of the genus Uranidea, esp. U. gobio of Europe, and U. Richardsoni of the United States; — called also miller's thumb. (b) In America, several species of Amiurus; — called also catfish, horned pout, and bullpout. (c) A marine fish of the genus Cottus; the sculpin.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied plover (Squatarola helvetica); — called also beetlehead. (b) The golden plover.

3. A stupid fellow; a lubber. [Colloq.] Jonson.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small black water insect. E. Phillips. Bullhead whiting
(Zoöl.), the kingfish of Florida (Menticirrus alburnus).

BULLHEADED
Bull"head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a head like that of a bull. Fig.: Headstrong; obstinate; dogged.

BULLION Bul"lion, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. bullyon a hook used for fastening the dress, a button, stud, an embossed ornament of various kinds, e.g., on the cover of a book, on bridles or poitrels, for purses, for breeches and doublets, LL. bullio the swelling of boiling water, a mass of gold or silver, fr. L. bulla boss, stud, bubble (see Bull an edict), or perh. corrupted fr. billon base coin, LL. billio bullion. Cf. Billon, Billet a stick.]

1. Uncoined gold or silver in the mass.

Note: Properly, the precious metals are called bullion, when smelted and not perfectly refined, or when refined, but in bars, ingots or in any form uncoined, as in plate. The word is often often used to denote gold and silver, both coined and uncoined, when reckoned by weight and in mass, including especially foreign, or uncurrent, coin.

2. Base or uncurrent coin. [Obs.] And those which eld's strict doom did disallow, And damm for bullion, go for current now. Sylvester.

3. Showy metallic ornament, as of gold, silver, or copper, on bridles, saddles, etc. [Obs.] The clasps and bullions were worth a thousand pound. Skelton.

4. Heavy twisted fringe, made of fine gold or silver wire and used for epaulets; also, any heavy twisted fringe whose cords are prominent.

BULLIONIST
Bul"lion*ist, n.

Defn: An advocate for a metallic currency, or a paper currency always convertible into gold.

BULLIRAG
Bul"li*rag, v. t. Etym: [Cf. bully,n.& v., and rag to scold, rail.
Cf. Ballarag.]

Defn: To intimidate by bullying; to rally contemptuously; to badger.
[Low]

BULLISH
Bull"ish, a.

Defn: Partaking of the nature of a bull, or a blunder. Let me inform you, a toothless satire is as improper as a toothed sleek stone, and as bullish. Milton.

BULLIST
Bull"ist, n. Etym: [F. bulliste. See Bull an edict.]

Defn: A writer or drawer up of papal bulls. [R.] Harmar.

BULLITION Bul*li"tion, n. Etym: [L. bullire, bullitum, to boil. See Boil, v. i.]

Defn: The action of boiling; boiling. [Obs.] See Ebullition. Bacon.

BULL MOOSE Bull Moose. (U. S. Politics) (a) A follower of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912; — a sense said to have originated from a remark made by Roosevelt on a certain occasion that he felt "like a bull moose." [Cant] (b) The figure of a bull moose used as the party symbol of the Progressive party in the presidential campaign of 1912. — Bull Mooser. [Cant]

BULL-NECKED
Bull"-necked`, a.

Defn: Having a short and thick neck like that of a bull. Sir W.
Scott.

BULLOCK
Bul"lock, n. Etym: [AS. bulluc a young bull. See Bull.]

1. A young bull, or any male of the ox kind. Take thy father's young bullock, even the second bullock of seven years old. Judges vi. 25.

2. An ox, steer, or stag.

BULLOCK
Bul"lock, v. t.

Defn: To bully. [Obs.]
She shan't think to bullock and domineer over me. Foote.

BULLOCK'S-EYE
Bul"lock's-eye`, n.

Defn: See Bull's-eye, 3.

BULLON
Bul"lon, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian fish (Scarus Croicensis).

BULLPOUT
Bull"pout`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bullhead, 1 (b).

BULL-ROARER
Bull"-roar`er, n.

Defn: A contrivance consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise. It is used as a toy, and among some races in certain religious rites.

BULL'S-EYE
Bull's"-eye`, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A small circular or oval wooden block without sheaves, having a groove around it and a hole through it, used for connecting rigging.

2. A small round cloud, with a ruddy center, supposed by sailors to portend a storm.

3. A small thick disk of glass inserted in a deck, roof, floor, ship's side, etc., to let in light.

4. A circular or oval opening for air or light.

5. A lantern, with a thick glass lens on one side for concentrating the light on any object; also, the lens itself. Dickens.

6. (Astron.)

Defn: Aldebaran, a bright star in the eye of Taurus or the Bull.

7. (Archery & Gun.)

Defn: The center of a target.

8. A thick knob or protuberance left on glass by the end of the pipe through which it was blown.

9. A small and thick old-fashioned watch. [Colloq.]

BULL'S-NOSE
Bull's"-nose`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: An external angle when obtuse or rounded.

BULL TERRIER
Bull" ter"ri*er. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs obtained by crossing the bulldog and the terrier.

BULL TROUT Bull" trout`. (Zoöl.) (a) In England, a large salmon trout of several species, as Salmo trutta and S. Cambricus, which ascend rivers; — called also sea trout. (b) Salvelinus malma of California and Oregon; — called also Dolly Varden trout and red-spotted trout. (c) The huso or salmon of the Danube.

BULLWEED
Bull"weed`, n. Etym: [Bole a stem + weed.] (Bot.)

Defn: Knapweed. Prior.

BULLWORT
Bull"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Bishop's-weed.

BULLY Bul"ly, n.; pl. Bullies (. Etym: [Cf. LG. bullerjaan, bullerbäk, bullerbrook, a blusterer, D. bulderaar a bluster, bulderen to bluster; prob. of imitative origin; or cf. MHG. buole lover, G. buhle.]

1. A noisy, blustering fellow, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome; an insolent, tyrannical fellow. Bullies seldom execute the threats they deal in. Palmerston.

2. A brisk, dashing fellow. [Slang Obs.] Shak.

BULLY
Bul"ly, a.

1. Jovial and blustering; dashing. [Slang] "Bless thee, bully doctor." Shak.

2. Fine; excellent; as, a bully horse. [Slang, U.S.]

BULLY
Bul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Bullying.]

Defn: To intimidate with threats and by an overbearing, swaggering demeanor; to act the part of a bully toward. For the last fortnight there have been prodigious shoals of volunteers gone over to bully the French, upon hearing the peace was just signing. Tatler.

Syn.
— To bluster; swagger; hector; domineer.

BULLY
Bul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To act as a bully.

BULLY; BULLY BEEF Bul"ly, n., Bul"ly beef`. [F. bouilli boiled meat, fr. bouillir to boil. See Boil, v. The word bouilli was formerly commonly used on the labels of canned beef.]

Defn: Pickled or canned beef.

BULLYRAG
Bul"ly*rag, v. t.

Defn: Same as Bullirag.

BULLYROCK
Bul"ly*rock`, n.

Defn: A bully. [Slang Obs.] Shak.

BULLY TREE
Bul"ly tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several West Indian trees of the order Sapotaceæ, as Dipholis nigra and species of Sapota and Mimusops. Most of them yield a substance closely resembling gutta-percha.

BULRUSH Bul"rush`, n. Etym: [OE. bulrysche, bolroysche; of uncertain origin, perh. fr. bole stem + rush.] (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of large rush, growing in wet land or in water.

Note: The name bulrush is applied in England especially to the cat- tail (Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia) and to the lake club-rush (Scirpus lacustris); in America, to the Juncus effusus, and also to species of Scirpus or club-rush.

BULSE
Bulse, n.

Defn: A purse or bag in which to carry or measure diamonds, etc.
[India] Macaulay.

BULTEL
Bul"tel, n. Etym: [LL. bultellus. See Bolt to sift.]

Defn: A bolter or bolting cloth; also, bran. [Obs.]

BULTI
Bul"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Bolty.

BULTONG
Bul"tong, n.

Defn: Biltong.

BULTOW
Bul"tow`, n.

Defn: A trawl; a boulter; the mod

BULWARK
Bul"wark, n. Etym: [Akin to D. bolwerk, G. bollwerk, Sw. bolwerk,
Dan. bolvärk, bulvärk, rampart; akin to G. bohle plank, and werk
work, defense. See Bole stem, and Work, n., and cf. Boulevard.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A rampart; a fortification; a bastion or outwork.

2. That which secures against an enemy, or defends from attack; any means of defense or protection. The royal navy of England hath ever been its greatest defense, . . . the floating bulwark of our island. Blackstone.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: The sides of a ship above the upper deck.

Syn.
— See Rampart.

BULWARK
Bul"wark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bulwarked (; p. pr. & vb.n.
Bulwarking.]

Defn: To fortify with, or as with, a rampart or wall; to secure by
fortification; to protect.
Of some proud city, bulwarked round and armed With rising towers.
Glover.

BUM
Bum, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. bottom in this sense.]

Defn: The buttock. [Low] Shak.

BUM
Bum, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bummed (; p. pr. & vb.n. Bumming ( Etym:
[See Boom, v. i., to roar.]

Defn: To make murmuring or humming sound. Jamieson.

BUM
Bum, n.

Defn: A humming noise. Halliwell.

BUMBAILIFF
Bum"bail"iff, n. Etym: [A corruption of bound bailiff.] [Low, Eng.]

Defn: See Bound bailiff, under Bound, a.

BUMBARD
Bum"bard.

Defn: See Bombard. [Obs.]

BUMBARGE
Bum"barge`, n.

Defn: See Bumboat. Carlyle.

BUMBAST
Bum"bast.

Defn: See Bombast. [Obs.]

BUMBELO
Bum"be*lo, n.; pl. Bumbeloes. Etym: [It. bombola.]

Defn: A glass used in subliming camphor. [Spelled also bombolo and bumbolo.]

BUMBLE
Bum"ble, n. Etym: [See Bump to boom.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bittern. [Local, Eng.]

BUMBLE
Bum"ble, v. i.

Defn: To make a hollow or humming noise, like that of a bumblebee; to
cry as a bittern.
As a bittern bumbleth in the mire. Chaucer.

BUMBLEBEE Bum"ble*bee`, n. Etym: [OE. bumblen to make a humming noise (dim. of bum, v.i.) + bee. Cf. Humblebee.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large bee of the genus Bombus, sometimes called humblebee; — so named from its sound.

Note: There are many species. All gather honey, and store it in the empty cocoons after the young have come out.

BUMBLEPUPPY
Bum"ble*pup`py, n. [Origin unknown; cf. Bumble, n.]

1.

Defn: The old game of nineholes.

2. (Card Playing) Whist played in an unscientific way.

BUMBOAT Bum"boat`, n. Etym: [From bum the buttocks, on account of its clumsy form; or fr. D. bun a box for holding fish in a boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A clumsy boat, used for conveying provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels lying in port or off shore.

BUMKIN
Bum"kin, n. Etym: [Boom a beam + -kin. See Bumpkin.] (Naut.)

Defn: A projecting beam or boom; as: (a) One projecting from each bow of a vessel, to haul the fore tack to, called a tack bumpkin. (b) Onr from each quarter, for the main-brace blocks, and called brace bumpkin. (c) A small outrigger over the stern of a boat, to extend the mizzen. [Written also boomkin.]

BUMMALO
Bum"ma*lo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine Asiatic fish (Saurus ophidon) used in India as a relish; — called also Bombay duck.

BUMMER
Bum"mer, n.

Defn: An idle, worthless fellow, who is without any visible means of support; a dissipated sponger. [Slang, U.S.]

BUMMERY
Bum"me*ry, n.

Defn: See Bottomery. [Obs.] There was a scivener of Wapping brought to hearing for relief against a bummery bond. R. North.

BUMP
Bump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Bumping.] Etym:
[Cf. W. pwmp round mass, pwmpiaw to thump, bang, and E. bum, v.i.,
boom to roar.]

Defn: To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to thump; as, to bump the head against a wall.

BUMP
Bump, v. i.

Defn: To come in violent contact with something; to thump. "Bumping and jumping." Southey.

BUMP
Bump, n. Etym: [From Bump to strike, to thump.]

1. A thump; a heavy blow.

2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a protuberance. It had upon its brow A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone. Shak.

3. (Phren.)

Defn: One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; as, the bump of "veneration;" the bump of "acquisitiveness." [Colloq.]

4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow of the boat following. [Eng.]

BUMP
Bump, v. i. Etym: [See Boom to roar.]

Defn: To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to
boom.
As a bittern bumps within a reed. Dryden.

BUMP
Bump, n.

Defn: The noise made by the bittern.

BUMPER Bum"per, n. Etym: [A corruption of bumbard, bombard, a large drinking vessel.]

1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a health or toast. He frothed his bumpers to the brim. Tennyson.

2. A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of some favorite performer. [Cant]

BUMPER
Bump"er, n.

1. That which bumps or causes a bump.

2. Anything which resists or deadens a bump or shock; a buffer.

BUMPKIN Bump"kin, n. Etym: [The same word as bumkin, which Cotgrave defines thus: "Bumkin, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long and thick piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde." Hence, a clumsy man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf. OD. boomken a little tree. See Boom a pole.]

Defn: An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout.
"Bashful country bumpkins." W. Irving.

BUMPTIOUS
Bump"tious, a.

Defn: Self-conceited; forward; pushing. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

BUMPTIOUSNESS
Bump"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Conceitedness. [Colloq.]

BUN; BUNN Bun, Bunn, n. Etym: [Scot. bun, bunn, OE. bunne, bonne; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. bunna, Gael. bonnach, or OF. bugne tumor, Prov. F. bugne a kind of pancake; akin to OHG. bungo bulb, MHG. bunge, Prov. E. bung heap, cluster, bunny a small swelling.]

Defn: A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust.

BUNCH Bunch, n. Etym: [Akin to OSw. & Dan. bunke heap, Icel. bunki heap, pile, bunga tumor, protuberance; cf. W. pwng cluster. Cf. Bunk.]

1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump. They will carry . . . their treasures upon the bunches of camels. Isa. xxx. 6.

2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; as, a bunch of grapes; a bunch of keys.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein. Page.

BUNCH
Bunch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buncheder (p. pr. & vb.n. Bunchinger.]

Defn: To swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or
round.
Bunching out into a large round knob at one end. Woodward.

BUNCH
Bunch, v. t.

Defn: To form into a bunch or bunches.

BUNCH-BACKED
Bunch"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a bunch on the back; crooked. "Bunch-backed toad." Shak.

BUNCHBERRY
Bunch"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dwarf cornel (Cornus Canadensis), which bears a dense cluster of bright red, edible berries.

BUNCH GRASS
Bunch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California, Atropis tenuifolia, Festuca scabrella, and several kinds of Stipa are favorite bunch grasses. In Utah, Eriocoma cuspidata is a good bunch grass.

BUNCHINESS
Bunch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.

BUNCHY
Bunch"y, a.

1. Swelling out in bunches. An unshapen, bunchy spear, with bark unpiled. Phaer.

2. Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch; having tufts; as, the bird's bunchy tail.

3. (Mining)

Defn: Yielding irregularly; sometimes rich, sometimes poor; as, a bunchy mine. Page.

BUNCOMBE; BUNKUM
Bun"combe, Bun"kum, n. Etym: [Buncombe a country of North Carolina.]

Defn: Speech-making for the gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause; flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere show. [Cant or Slang, U.S.] All that flourish about right of search was bunkum — all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was bunkum . . . slavery speeches are all bunkum. Haliburton. To speak for Buncombe, to speak for mere show, or popularly.

Note: "The phrase originated near the close of the debate on the famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress. It was then used by Felix Walker — a naïve old mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most western country of North Carolina, near the border of the adjacent country of Buncombe, which formed part of his district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was impatiently calling for the 'Question,' and several members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved, however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for Buncombe.'" W. Darlington.

BUND
Bund, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German states.

BUND
Bund, n. Etym: [Hindi band.]

Defn: An embankment against inundation. [India] S. Wells Williams.

BUNDER
Bun"der, n. Etym: [Pers. bandar a landing place, pier.]

Defn: A boat or raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and goods.

BUNDESRATH Bun"des*rath`, n. Etym: [G., from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy + rath council, prob. akin to E. read.]

Defn: The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal council of Switzerland is also so called.

Note: The Bundesrath of the German empire is presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two members, who represent the different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by their respective governments. By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, — the Bundesrath — is chosen, and the head of this is a president. J. P. Peters (Trans. Müller's Pol. Hist. ).

BUNDES-VERSAMMLUNG Bun"des-Ver*samm"lung, n. [G.; bund confederacy + versammlung assembly.]

Defn: See Legislature, Switzerland.

BUNDLE
Bun"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D. bondel, bundel,
G. bündel, dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E. bind. See Bind.]

Defn: A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale.

BUNDLE
Bun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bundled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bundling (.]

1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.

2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T. Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. — To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.

BUNDLE
Bun"dle, v. i.

1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony.

2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; — applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W. Irving.

BUNDOBUST
Bun"do*bust, n. [Hind. & Per. bando-bast tying and binding.]

Defn: System; discipline. [India]

He has more bundobust than most men.
Kipling.

BUNG
Bung, n. Etym: [Cf. W. bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap, spout,
OGael. buine.]

1. The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.

2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole.

3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low] You filthy bung, away. Shak.

BUNG
Bung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunging.]

Defn: To stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; — with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low] He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).

BUNGALOW
Bun"ga*low, n. Etym: [Bengalee bangla]

Defn: A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a veranda. [India]

BUNGARUM
Bun"ga*rum, n. Etym: [Bungar, the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous snake of India, of the genus Bungarus, allied to the cobras, but without a hood.

BUNGHOLE
Bung"hole`, n.

Defn: See Bung, n., 2. Shak.

BUNGLE
Bun"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bungled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bungling.]
Etym: [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to
beat, bang, OSw. bunga. See Bang.]

Defn: To act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner.

BUNGLE
Bun"gle, v. t.

Defn: To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; —
sometimes with up.
I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron.

BUNGLE
Bun"gle, n.

Defn: A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder.
Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth.

BUNGLER
Bun"gler, n.

Defn: A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles. If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such! Barrow.

BUNGLING
Bun"gling, a.

Defn: Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift.
They make but bungling work. Dryden.

BUNGLINGLY
Bun"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; awkwardly.

BUNGO
Bun"go, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind of boat used in the Southern United States. Bartlett.

BUNION
Bun"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Bunyon.

BUNK
Bunk, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf.
Bunch.]

1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night. [U.S.]

2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers.

3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.]

BUNK
Bunk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bunked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunking.]

Defn: To go to bed in a bunk; — sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.]
Bartlett.

BUNKER Bun"ker, n. Etym: [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.]

1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a coal bunker.

BUNKO
Bun"ko, n. Etym: [Sf. Sp. banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards.
Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).]

Defn: A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham lottery. [Written also bunco.] Bunko steerer, a person employed as a decoy in bunko. [Slang, U.S.]

BUNKUM
Bun"kum, n.

Defn: See Buncombe.

BUNN
Bunn, n.

Defn: See Bun.

BUNNIAN
Bun"nian, n.

Defn: See Bunyon.

BUNNY
Bun"ny, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it.

BUNNY
Bun"ny, n.

Defn: A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.

BUNODONTA; BUNODONTS
Bu`no*don"ta, Bu"no*donts, n. pl. Etym: [NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; — so called because the teeth are tuberculated.

BUNSEN CELL
Bun"sen cell. (Elec.)

Defn: A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup.

BUNSEN'S BATTERY; BUNSEN'S BURNER
Bun"sen's bat"ter*y, Bun"sen's burn`er.

Defn: See under Battery, and Burner.

BUNT
Bunt, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus (Ustilago foetida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; — also called pepperbrand.

BUNT
Bunt, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E. bundle.]
(Naut.)

Defn: The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten.

BUNT
Bunt, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To swell out; as, the sail bunts.

BUNT
Bunt, v. t. & i.

Defn: To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy.

BUNTER
Bun"ter, n.

Defn: A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar
woman. [Cant]
Her . . . daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith.

BUNTING Bun"ting, n. Etym: [Scot. buntlin, corn-buntlin, OE. bunting, buntyle; of unknown origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillidæ).

Note: Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bay-winged or grass (Poöcætes or Pooecetes gramineus); the black- throated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting.

BUNTING; BUNTINE Bun"ting, Bun"tine, n. Etym: [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE. bonten to sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.]

Defn: A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.

BUNTLINE
Bunt"line, n. Etym: [2d bunt + line.] (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in. Totten.

BUNYON; BUNION
Bun"yon, Bun"ion, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr.
OF. bugne, It. bugna, bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.)

Defn: An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the bursæ muscosæ), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.

BUOY Buoy, n. Etym: [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie, buie, chain, fetter, F. bouée a buoy, from L. boia. "Boiae genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae." Festus. So called because chained to its place.] (Naut.)

Defn: A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. — Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. — Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. — Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. — Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. — Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. — Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. — To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. — Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.

BUOY
Buoy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buoying.]

1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; — with up.

2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke.

3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin.

BUOY
Buoy, v. i.

Defn: To float; to rise like a buoy. "Rising merit will buoy up at last." Pope.

BUOYAGE
Buoy"age, n.

Defn: Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys.

BUOYANCE
Buoy"ance, n.

Defn: Buoyancy. [R.]

BUOYANCY
Buoy"an*cy, n.; pl. Buoyancies (.

1. The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced. Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc.

3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; — the opposite of Ant: heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits.

BUOYANT
Buoy"ant, a. Etym: [From Buoy, v. t. & i.]

1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. "Buoyant on the flood." Pope.

2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier. The water under me was buoyant. Dryden.

3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. — Buoy"ant*ly, adv.

BUPRESTIDAN
Bu*pres"ti*dan, n. Etym: [L. buprestis, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larvæ are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees.

BUR; BURR Bur, Burr, n. Etym: [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre, OSw. borra, burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle (burr- for burz-), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, "the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered," fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson.

2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2.

3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4.

4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5.

5. The sweetbread.

6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.

7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; — used by dentists.

8. Etym: [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. — Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves.

BURBOLT
Bur"bolt`, n.

Defn: A birdbolt. [Obs.] Ford.

BURBOT
Bur"bot, n. Etym: [F. barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also burbolt.]

Note: The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to
the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An
American species (L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great
Lakes, and farther north.

BURDELAIS
Bur`de*lais", n. Etym: [F. bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See
Bordelais.]

Defn: A sort of grape. Jonson.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. [Written also burthen.] Etym: [OE. burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. byredhen; akin to Icel. byredhi, Dan. byrde, Sw. börda, G. bürde, OHG. burdi, Goth. baúr, fr. the root of E. bear, AS. beran, Goth. bairan. *92. See 1st Bear.]

1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak.

2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift.

3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. Raymond.

6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.

7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. — Burden of proof Etym: [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed.

Syn. — Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome.

BURDEN
Bur"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burdened; p. pr. & vb. n. Burdening.]

1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor. viii. 13.

2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. My burdened heart would break. Shak.

3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.] It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge.

Syn.
— To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. Etym: [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf. LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon.]

1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer. I would sing my song without a burden. Shak.

2. The drone of a bagpipe. Ruddiman.

BURDEN
Bur"den, n. Etym: [See Burdon.]

Defn: A club. [Obs.] Spenser.

BURDENER
Bur"den*er, n.

Defn: One who loads; a oppressor.

BURDENOUS
Bur"den*ous, a.

Defn: Burdensome. [Obs.] "Burdenous taxations." Shak.

BURDENSOME
Bur"den*some, a.

Defn: Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue;
oppressive.
The debt immense of endless gratitude So burdensome. Milton.

Syn.
— Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive;
troublesome.
— Bur"den*some*ly, adv.
— Bur"den*some*ness, n.

BURDOCK
Bur"dock, n. Etym: [Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.

Note: The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis.

BURDON
Bur"don, n. Etym: [See Bourdon.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden.] Rom. of R.

BUREAU Bu"reau, n.; pl. E. Bureaus, F. Bureaux. Etym: [F. bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. Fire, n., and cf. Borel, n.]

1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers. Swift.

2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted.

3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief.

Note: On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension Bureau," a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.

4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.] Bureau system. See Bureaucracy. — Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and reëstablished in Brussels in 1870.

BUREAUCRACY
Bu*reau"cra*cy, n. Etym: [Bureau + Gr. bureaucratie.]

1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.

2. Government officials, collectively.

BUREAUCRAT
Bu*reau"crat, n.

Defn: An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine. C. Kingsley.

BUREAUCRATIC; BUREAUCRATICAL Bu`reau*crat"ic, Bu`reau*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bureaucratique.]

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.

BUREAUCRATIST
Bu*reau"cra*tist, n.

Defn: An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.

BUREL
Bur"el, n. & a.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURETTE
Bu*rette", n. Etym: [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.

BUR FISH
Bur" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; — called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish.

BURG
Burg, n. Etym: [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.]

1. A fortified town. [Obs.]

2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough.

BURGAGE
Burg"age, n. Etym: [From Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL. burgagium.] (Eng.
Law)

Defn: A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft. Burrill.

BURGALL
Bur"gall, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish; — also called cunner.

BURGAMOT
Bur"ga*mot, n.

Defn: See Bergamot.

BURGANET
Bur"ga*net, n.

Defn: See Burgonet.

BURGEE
Bur"gee, n.

1. A kind of small coat.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A swallow-tailed flag; a distinguishing pen

BURGEOIS
Bur*geois", n. (Print.)

Defn: See 1st Bourgeous.

BURGEOIS
Bur*geois", n.

Defn: A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois. [R.] Addison.

BURGEON
Bur"geon, v. i.

Defn: To bud. See Bourgeon.

BURGESS Bur"gess, n. Etym: [OE. burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr. burcfortified town, town, F. bourg village, fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG. burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough, and cf. 2d Bourgeois.]

1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough. Blackstone.

Note: "A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city."
Burrill.

2. One who represents a borough in Parliament.

3. A magistrate of a borough.

4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers.

Note: Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are now called delegates. Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2.

BURGESS-SHIP
Bur"gess-ship, n.

Defn: The state of privilege of a burgess. South.

BURGGRAVE Burg"grave, n. Etym: [G. burggraf; burg fortress + graf count: cf. D. burggraaf, F. burgrave. See Margrave.] (Gremany)

Defn: Originally, one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain attached.

BURGH
Burgh, n. Etym: [OE. See Burg.]

Defn: A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland.
See Borough.

BURGHAL
Burgh"al, a.

Defn: Belonging of a burgh.

BURGHBOTE
Burgh"bote`, n. Etym: [Burgh + bote.] (Old Law)

Defn: A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.

BURGHBRECH
Burgh"brech`, n. Etym: [Burgh + F. brèche, equiv. to E. breach.] (AS.
Law)

Defn: The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace. Burrill.

BURGHER Burgh"er, n. Etym: [From burgh; akin to D. burger, G. bürger, Dan. borger, Sw. borgare. See Burgh.]

1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess "the true religion professed within the realm"), the opposite party being called antiburghers.

Note: These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the "United Associate Synod of the Secession Church."

BURGHERMASTER
Burgh"er*mas`ter, n.

Defn: See Burgomaster.

BURGHERSHIP
Burgh"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or privileges of a burgher.

BURGHMASTER
Burgh"mas`ter, n.

1. A burgomaster.

2. (Mining)

Defn: An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; — called also bailiff, and barmaster. [Eng.]

BURGHMOTE
Burgh"mote`, n. (AS. Law) Etym: [Burgh + mote meeting.]

Defn: A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held three times yearly.

BURGLAR
Bur"glar, n. Etym: [OE. burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL. burgus (of
German origin) + OF. lere thief, fr. L. latro. See Borough, and
Larceny.] (Law)

Defn: One guilty of the crime of burglary. Burglar alarm, a device for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without.

BURGLARER
Bur"glar*er, n.

Defn: A burglar. [Obs.]

BURGLARIOUS
Bur*gla"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary.
To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry. Blackstone.

BURGLARIOUSLY
Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar.
Blackstone.

BURGLARY Bur"gla*ry, n.; pl. Burglaries (. Etym: [Fr. Burglar; cf. LL. burglaria.] (Law)

Defn: Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or not. Wharton. Burrill.

Note: By statute law in some of the United States, burglary includes the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are established.

BURGOMASTER
Bur"go*mas`ter, n. Etym: [D. burgemeester; burg borough + meester
master; akin to G. burgemeister, bürgermeister. See 1st Borough, and
Master.]

1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in England and the United States; a burghmaster.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions.

BURGONET
Bur"go*net, n. Etym: [F. bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F.
Bouruignons, first used it.]

Defn: A kind of helmet. [Written also burganet.] Shak.

BURGOO Bur"goo, n. Etym: [Prov. E. burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast + cawl cabbage, gruel.]

Defn: A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen.
[Written also burgout.]

BURGRASS
Bur"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and having burs for fruit.

BURGRAVE
Bur"grave, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Burggrave.

BURGUNDY
Bur"gun*dy, n.

1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part).

2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France. Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.

BURH
Burh, n.

Defn: See Burg. [Obs.]

BURHEL; BURRHEL
Bur"hel, Burr"hel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel).

BURIAL Bur"i*al, n. Etym: [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.]

1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.] The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened. Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].

2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. "To give a public burial." Shak. Now to glorious burial slowly borne. Tennyson. Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close air- tight, for the preservation of a dead body. — Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies. — Burial place, any place where burials are made. — Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial service.

Syn.
— Sepulture; interment; inhumation.

BURIER
Bur"i*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buries.
Till the buriers have buried it. Ezek. xxxix. 15.
And darkness be the burier of the dead. Shak.

BURIN Bu"rin, n. Etym: [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG. bora borer, boron to bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.]

1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble.

2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin; a brilliant burin.

BURINIST
Bu"rin*ist, n.

Defn: One who works with the burin. For. Quart. Rev.

BURION
Bu"ri*on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus frontalis); — called also crimson-fronted bullfinch. [Written also burrion.]

BURKE
Burke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burkeder, p. pr. & vb.n. Burkinger.] Etym:
[From one Burke of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.]

1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dissection.

2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question. The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits. C. Reade.

BURKISM
Burk"ism, n.

Defn: The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for dissection.

BURL
Burl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Burling.] Etym:
[OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet,
OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed
with flocks, etc., dim. of bourre. *92. See Bur.]

Defn: To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.

BURL
Burl, n.

1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth.

2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.

BURLAP
Bur"lap, n.

Defn: A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written also burlaps.]

BURLER
Burl"er, n.

Defn: One who burls or dresses cloth.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", a. Etym: [F. burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr. burla
jest, mockery, perh. for burrula, dim. of L. burrae trifles. See
Bur.]

Defn: Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular; ironical. It is a dispute among the critics, whether burlesque poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras. Addison.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", n.

1. Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire. Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people. Addison.

2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter, or to ridicule anything. The dull burlesque appeared with impudence, And pleased by novelty in spite of sense. Dryden.

3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross perversion. Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred institute Burke.

Syn.
— Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burlesqued; p. pr. & vb. n.
Burlesquing.]

Defn: To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation
in action or in language.
They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the
expression he used into ridicule. Stillingfleet.

BURLESQUE
Bur*lesque", v. i.

Defn: To employ burlesque.

BURLESQUER
Bur*les"quer, n.

Defn: One who burlesques.

BURLETTA
Bur*let"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque, a.]
(Mus.)

Defn: A comic operetta; a music farce. Byron.

BURLINESS
Bur"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being burly.

BURLY Bur"ly, a. Etym: [OE. burlich strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. Bower.]

1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; — now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky. "Burly sacks." Drayton. In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and burly. Sir T. More. Burly and big, and studious of his ease. Cowper.

2. Coarse and rough; boisterous. It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. Cowley.

BURMAN
Bur"man, n.; pl. Burmans (. Etym: ["The softened modern M'yan-ma,
M'yan-ma [native name] is the source of the European corruption
Burma." Balfour.], (Ethnol.)

Defn: A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese. — a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah.

BUR MARIGOLD
Bur" mar"i*gold.

Defn: See Beggar's ticks.

BURMESE
Bur`mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants.
— n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the language of the Burmans.

BURN Burn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burned (Burnt (p. pr. & vb. n. Burning.] Etym: [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i., AS. bærnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden, Dan. brænde, Sw. bränna, brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.]

1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; — frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. "We'll burn his body in the holy place." Shak.

2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.

3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.

4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block.

5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak. This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden. When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. — To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. — To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. — To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. — To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. "Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes" Shak. — To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. — To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.

BURN
Burn, v. i.

1. To be of fire; to flame. "The mount burned with fire." Deut. ix. 15.

2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak.

3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way Luke xxiv. 32. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water. Shak. Burning with high hope. Byron. The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine.

5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. — To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.

BURN
Burn, n.

1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.

2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn.

3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.

BURN
Burn, n. Etym: [See 1st Bourn.]

Defn: A small stream. [Scot.]

BURNABLE
Burn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Combustible. Cotgrave.

BURNED
Burned, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Burnt.

BURNED
Burned, p. p.

Defn: Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BURNER
Burn"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.

2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. — Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.

BURNET
Bur"net, n. Etym: [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh.
being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf.
OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially,
P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zoöl.), in
England, a handsome moth (Zygæna filipendula), with crimson spots on
the wings.
— Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage.
— Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis).
— Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis.

BURNETTIZE
Bur"nett*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnettized (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Burnettizing.] (Manuf.)

Defn: To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; — a process invented by Sir William Burnett.

BURNIE
Burn"ie, n. Etym: [See 4th Burn.]

Defn: A small brook. [Scot.] Burns.

BURNIEBEE
Bur"nie*bee`, n.

Defn: The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.]

BURNING
Burn"ing, a.

1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.

2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry.

BURNING
Burn"ing, n.

Defn: The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. — Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. — Burning house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. — Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass.

Syn.
— Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.

BURNISH Bur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Burnishing.] Etym: [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br; cf. MHG. briunen to make brown, polish. See Brown, a.]

Defn: To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars.

BURNISH
Bur"nish, v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as
from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large.
A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his
brothers do. Dryden.
My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert.

BURNISH
Bur"nish, n.

Defn: The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw.

BURNISHER
Bur"nish*er, n.

1. One who burnishes.

2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses.

BURNOOSE; BURNOUS Bur"noose, Bur"nous, n. Etym: [Ar. burnus a kind of high-crowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. al-bornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.]

1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.

2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.]

BURNSTICKLE
Burn"stic`kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

BURNT
Burnt, p. p. & a.

Defn: Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. — Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]

BURR
Burr, n. Etym: [See Bur.] (Bot.)

1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1.

2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson.

3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down.

4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.

5. The lobe or lap of the ear.

6. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; — often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr.

7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8.

BURR
Burr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burred; p. pr. & vb. n. Burring.]

Defn: To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs.
Browning.

BURREL Bur"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurré butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.]

Defn: A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, from its smooth, delicious, soft pulp.

BURREL
Bur"rel, n.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURREL FLY
Bur"rel fly`. Etym: [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly.

BURREL SHOT Bur"rel shot`. Etym: [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourreler to sting, torture.] (Gun.)

Defn: A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.]

BURRING MACHINE
Burr"ing ma*chine".

Defn: A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.

BURR MILLSTONE
Burr" mill"stone`.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRO
Bur"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., an ass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A donkey. [Southern U.S.]

BURROCK
Bur"rock, n. Etym: [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + -ock.]

Defn: A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight.

BURROW
Bur"row, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough.

2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse.

4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5.

BURROW
Bur"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Burrowing.]

1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.

2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owl (Zoöl.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog.

BURROWER
Bur"row*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and lives in it.

BURRSTONE
Burr"stone`, n.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRY
Burr"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool.

BURSA
Bur"sa, n.; pl. Bursæ (. Etym: [L. See Burse.] (Anat.)

Defn: Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences.

BURSAL
Bur"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bursa or to bursæ.

BURSAR
Bur"sar, n. Etym: [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf.
Purser.]

1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery.

2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support.

BURSARSHIP
Bur"sar*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a bursar.

BURSARY
Bur"sa*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.]

1. The treasury of a college or monastery.

2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. "No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift." Southey.

BURSCH
Bursch, n.; pl. Burschen. Etym: [G., ultimately fr. LL. bursa. See
Burse.]

Defn: A youth; especially, a student in a german university.

BURSCHENSCHAFT
Bur"schen*schaft`, n.; pl. -schaften (#). [G.]

Defn: In Germany, any of various associations of university students formed (the original one at Jena in 1815) to support liberal ideas, or the organization formed by the affiliation of the local bodies. The organization was suppressed by the government in 1819, but was secretly revived, and is now openly maintained as a social organization, the restrictive laws having been repealed prior to 1849. — Bur"schen*schaft`ler (#), -schaf`ter (#), n.

BURSE
Burse, n. Etym: [LL. bursa, or F. bourse. See Bourse, and cf. Bursch,
Purse.]

1. A purse; also, a vesicle; a pod; a hull. [Obs.] Holland.

2. A fund or foundation for the maintenance of needy scholars in their studies; also, the sum given to the beneficiaries. [Scot.]

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ornamental case of hold the corporal when not in use.
Shipley.

4. An exchange, for merchants and bankers, in the cities of continental Europe. Same as Bourse.

5. A kind of bazaar. [Obs.] She says she went to the burse for patterns. Old Play.

BURSICULATE
Bur*sic"u*late, a. Etym: [See Burse.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bursiform.

BURSIFORM
Bur"si*form, a. Etym: [LL. bursa purse + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a purse.

BURSITIS
Bur*si"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. bursa + -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a bursa.

BURST Burst, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burst; p. pr. & vb. n. Bursting. The past participle bursten is obsolete.] Etym: [OE. bersten, bresten, AS. berstan (pers. sing. berste, imp. sing. bærst, imp. pl. burston, p.p. borsten); akin to D. bersten, G. bersten, OHG. brestan, OS. brestan, Icel. bresta, Sw. brista, Dan. briste. Cf. Brast, Break.]

1. To fly apart or in pieces; of break open; to yield to force or pressure, especially to a sudden and violent exertion of force, or to pressure from within; to explode; as, the boiler had burst; the buds will burst in spring. From the egg that soon Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton.

Note: Often used figuratively, as of the heart, in reference to a surcharge of passion, grief, desire, etc. No, no, my heart will burst, an if I speak: And I will speak, that so my heart may burst. Shak.

2. To exert force or pressure by which something is made suddenly to give way; to break through obstacles or limitations; hence, to appear suddenly and unexpecedly or unaccountably, or to depart in such manner; — usually with some qualifying adverb or preposition, as forth, out, away, into, upon, through, etc. Tears, such as angels weep, burst forth. Milton. And now you burst (ah cruel!) from my arms. Pope. A resolved villain Whose bowels suddenly burst out. Shak. We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. Coleridge. To burst upon him like an earthquake. Goldsmith.

BURST
Burst, v. t.

1. To break or rend by violence, as by an overcharge or by strain or pressure, esp. from within; to force open suddenly; as, to burst a cannon; to burst a blood vessel; to burst open the doors. My breast I'll burst with straining of my courage. Shak.

2. To break. [Obs.] You will not pay for the glasses you have burst Shak. He burst his lance against the sand below. Fairfax (Tasso).

3. To produce as an effect of bursting; as, to burst a hole through the wall. Bursting charge. See under Charge.

BURST
Burst, n.

1. A sudden breaking forth; a violent rending; an explosion; as, a burst of thunder; a burst of applause; a burst of passion; a burst of inspiration. Bursts of fox-hunting melody. W. Irving.

2. Any brief, violent evertion or effort; a spurt; as, a burst of speed.

3. A sudden opening, as of landscape; a stretch; an expanse. [R.] "A fine burst of country." Jane Austen.

4. A rupture of hernia; a breach.

BURSTEN
Burst"en,

Defn: p. p. of Burst, v. i. [Obs.]

BURSTER
Burst"er, n.

Defn: One that bursts.

BURSTWORT
Burst"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Herniaria glabra) supposed to be valuable for the cure of hernia or rupture.

BURT
Burt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt. [Prov. Eng.]

BURTHEN
Bur"then, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Burden. [Archaic]

BURTON Bur"ton, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. & Prov. E. bort to press or indent anything.] (Naut.)

Defn: A peculiar tackle, formed of two or more blocks, or pulleys, the weight being suspended of a hook block in the bight of the running part.

BURY
Bur"y, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. A borough; a manor; as, the Bury of St. Edmond's; —

Note: used as a termination of names of places; as, Canterbury,
Shrewsbury.

2. A manor house; a castle. [Prov. Eng.] To this very day, the chief house of a manor, or the lord's seat, is called bury, in some parts of England. Miege.

BURY
Bur"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buried; p. pr. & vb. n. Burying.] Etym:
[OE. burien, birien, berien, AS. byrgan; akin to beorgan to protect,
OHG. bergan, G. bergen, Icel. bjarga, Sw. berga, Dan. bierge, Goth.
baírgan. sq. root95. Cf. Burrow.]

1. To cover out of sight, either by heaping something over, or by placing within something, as earth, etc.; to conceal by covering; to hide; as, to bury coals in ashes; to bury the face in the hands. And all their confidence Under the weight of mountains buried deep. Milton.

2. Specifically: To cover out of sight, as the body of a deceased person, in a grave, a tomb, or the ocean; to deposit (a corpse) in its resting place, with funeral ceremonies; to inter; to inhume. Lord, suffer me first to go and bury my father. Matt. viii. 21. I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave. Shak.

3. To hide in oblivion; to put away finally; to abandon; as, to bury strife. Give me a bowl of wine In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Shak. Burying beetle (Zoöl.), the general name of many species of beetles, of the tribe Necrophaga; the sexton beetle; — so called from their habit of burying small dead animals by digging away the earth beneath them. The larvæ feed upon decaying flesh, and are useful scavengers. — To bury the hatchet, to lay aside the instruments of war, and make peace; — a phrase used in allusion to the custom observed by the North American Indians, of burying a tomahawk when they conclude a peace.

Syn. — To intomb; inter; inhume; inurn; hide; cover; conceal; overwhelm; repress.

BURYING GROUND; BURYING PLACE
Bur"y*ing ground`, Bur"y*ing place.

Defn: The ground or place for burying the dead; burial place.

BUS
Bus, n. Etym: [Abbreviated from omnibus.]

Defn: An omnibus. [Colloq.]

BUSBY
Bus"by, n.; pl. Busbies (. (Mil.)

Defn: A military headdress or cap, used in the British army. It is of fur, with a bag, of the same color as the facings of the regiment, hanging from the top over the right shoulder.

BUSCON
Bus"con, n. Etym: [Sp., a searcher, fr. buscar to search.]

Defn: One who searches for ores; a prospector. [U.S.]

BUSH Bush, n. Etym: [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b, b, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form ibox a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.]

1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.

Note: This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush.

2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs. To bind a bush of thorns among sweet-smelling flowers. Gascoigne.

3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines.

4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself. If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue. Shak.

5. (Hunting)

Defn: The tail, or brush, of a fox. To beat about the bush, to
approach anything in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly
to it; — a metaphor taken from hunting.
— Bush bean (Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no
support (Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1.
— Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zoöl.), a beautiful South African
antelope (Tragelaphus sylvaticus); — so called because found mainly
in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other species.
— Bush cat (Zoöl.), the serval. See Serval.
— Bush chat (Zoöl.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush
family.
— Bush dog. (Zoöl.) See Potto.
— Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary.
— Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow.
— Bush hog (Zoöl.), a South African wild hog (Potamochoerus
Africanus); — called also bush pig, and water hog.
— Bush master (Zoöl.), a venomous snake (Lachesis mutus) of Guinea;
— called also surucucu.
— Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed.
— Bush shrike (Zoöl.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied
genera; — called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America.
— Bush tit (Zoöl.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied
to the titmouse. P. minimus inhabits California.

BUSH
Bush, v. i.

Defn: To branch thickly in the manner of a bush. "The bushing alders." Pope.

BUSH
Bush, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bushed (p. pr. & vb.n. Bushing.]

1. To set bushes for; to support with bushes; as, to bush peas.

2. To use a bush harrow on (land), for covering seeds sown; to harrow with a bush; as, to bush a piece of land; to bush seeds into the ground.

BUSH
Bush, n. Etym: [D. bus a box, akin to E. box; or F. boucher to plug.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A lining for a hole to make it smaller; a thimble or ring of metal or wood inserted in a plate or other part of machinery to receive the wear of a pivot or arbor. Knight.

Note: In the larger machines, such a piece is called a box, particularly in the United States.

2. (Gun.)

Defn: A piece of copper, screwed into a gun, through which the venthole is bored. Farrow.

BUSH
Bush, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a bush, or lining; as, to bush a pivot hole.

BUSHBOY
Bush"boy, n.

Defn: See Bushman.

BUSHEL Bush"el, n. Etym: [OE. buschel, boischel, OF. boissel, bussel, boistel, F. boisseau, LL. bustellus; dim. of bustia, buxida (OF. boiste), fr. pyxida, acc. of L. pyxis box, Gr. Box.]

1. A dry measure, containing four pecks, eight gallons, or thirty-two quarts.

Note: The Winchester bushel, formerly used in England, contained 2150.42 cubic inches, being the volume of a cylinder 18

2. A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure. Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed, and not to be set on a candlestick Mark iv. 21.

3. A quantity that fills a bushel measure; as, a heap containing ten bushels of apples.

Note: In the United States a large number of articles, bought and sold by the bushel, are measured by weighing, the number of pounds that make a bushel being determined by State law or by local custom. For some articles, as apples, potatoes, etc., heaped measure is required in measuring a bushel.

4. A large indefinite quantity. [Colloq.] The worthies of antiquity bought the rarest pictures with bushels of gold, without counting the weight or the number of the pieces. Dryden.

5. The iron lining in the nave of a wheel. [Eng.] In the United States it is called a box. See 4th Bush.

BUSHELAGE
Bush"el*age, n.

Defn: A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. [Eng.]

BUSHELMAN
Bush"el*man, n.

Defn: A tailor's assistant for repairing garments; — called also busheler. [Local, U.S.]

BUSHET
Bush"et, n. Etym: [See Bosket.]

Defn: A small bush.

BUSHFIGHTER
Bush"fight`er, n.

Defn: One accustomed to bushfighting. Parkman.

BUSHFIGHTING
Bush"fight`ing, n.

Defn: Fighting in the bush, or from behind bushes, trees, or thickets.

BUSHHAMMER
Bush"ham`mer, n.

Defn: A hammer with a head formed of a bundle of square bars, with pyramidal points, arranged in rows, or a solid head with a face cut into a number of rows of such points; — used for dressing stone.

BUSHHAMMER
Bush"ham`mer, v. t.

Defn: To dress with bushhammer; as, to bushhammer a block of granite.

BUSHIDO Bu"shi`do` (boo"she`do`), n. [Jap. bu military + shi knight + do way, doctrine, principle.]

Defn: The unwritten code of moral principles regulating the actions of the Japanese knighthood, or Samurai; the chivalry of Japan.

Unformulated, Bushido was and still is the animating spirit, the motor force of our country. Inazo Nitobé.

BUSHINESS
Bush"i*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being bushy.

BUSHING
Bush"ing, n. Etym: [See 4th Bush.]

1. The operation of fitting bushes, or linings, into holes or places where wear is to be received, or friction diminished, as pivot holes, etc.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A bush or lining; — sometimes called . See 4th Bush.

BUSHLESS
Bush"less, a.

Defn: Free from bushes; bare.
O'er the long backs of the bushless downs. Tennyson.

BUSHMAN Bush"man, n.; pl. Bushmen. Etym: [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st Bush.]

1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people.

BUSHMENT
Bush"ment, n. Etym: [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.]

1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] Raleigh.

2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

BUSHRANGER
Bush"ran`ger, n.

Defn: One who roams, or hides, among the bushes; especially, in
Australia, an escaped criminal living in the bush.

BUSHWHACKER
Bush"whack`er, n.

1. One accustomed to beat about, or travel through, bushes. [U.S.] They were gallant bushwhackers, and hunters of raccoons by moonlight. W. Irving.

2. A guerrilla; a marauding assassin; one who pretends to be a peaceful citizen, but secretly harasses a hostile force or its sympathizers. [U.S.] Farrow.

BUSHWHACKING
Bush"whack`ing, n.

1. Traveling, or working a way, through bushes; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along the bushy margin of a stream. [U.S.] T. Flint.

2. The crimes or warfare of bushwhackers. [U.S.]

BUSHY
Bush"y, a. Etym: [From 1st Bush.]

1. Thick and spreading, like a bush. "Bushy eyebrows." Irving.

2. Full of bushes; overgrowing with shrubs. Dingle, or bushy dell, of this wild wood. Milton.

BUSILY
Bus"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a busy manner.

BUSINESS
Busi"ness, n.; pl. Businesses. Etym: [From Busy.]

1. That which busies one, or that which engages the time, attention, or labor of any one, as his principal concern or interest, whether for a longer or shorter time; constant employment; regular occupation; as, the business of life; business before pleasure. Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business Luke ii. 49.

2. Any particular occupation or employment engaged in for livelihood or gain, as agriculture, trade, art, or a profession. "The business of instruction." Prescott.

3. Financial dealings; buying and selling; traffic in general; mercantile transactions. It seldom happens that men of a studious turn acquire any degree of reputation for their knowledge of business. Bp. Popteus.

4. That which one has to do or should do; special service, duty, or mission. The daughter of the King of France, On serious business, craving quick despatch, Importunes personal conference. Shak. What business has the tortoise among the clouds L'Estrange.

5. Affair; concern; matter; — used in an indefinite sense, and modified by the connected words. It was a gentle business, and becoming The action of good women. Shak. Bestow Your needful counsel to our business. Shak.

6. (Drama)

Defn: The position, distribution, and order of persons and properties on the stage of a theater, as determined by the stage manager in rehearsal.

7. Care; anxiety; diligence. [Obs.] Chaucer. To do one's business, to ruin one. [Colloq.] Wycherley. — To make (a thing) one's business, to occupy one's self with a thing as a special charge or duty. [Colloq.] — To mean business, to be earnest. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Affairs; concern; transaction; matter; engagement; employment; calling; occupation; trade; profession; vocation; office; duty.

BUSINESSLIKE
Busi"ness*like`, a.

Defn: In the manner of one transacting business wisely and by right methods.

BUSK Busk, n. Etym: [F. busc, perh. fr. the hypothetical older form of E. bois wood, because the first busks were made of wood. See Bush, and cf. OF. busche, F. bûche, a piece or log of wood, fr. the same root.]

Defn: A thin, elastic strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset. Her long slit sleeves, stiff busk, puff verdingall, Is all that makes her thus angelical. Marston.

BUSK
Busk, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Busked.] Etym: [OE. busken, fr. Icel.
b to make one's self ready, rexlexive of b to prepare, dwell. Cf. 8th
Bound.]

1. To prepare; to make ready; to array; to dress. [Scot. & Old Eng.] Busk you, busk you, my bonny, bonny bride. Hamilton.

2. To go; to direct one's course. [Obs.] Ye might have busked you to Huntly banks. Skelton.

BUSKED
Busked, a.

Defn: Wearing a busk. Pollok.

BUSKET
Bus"ket, n. Etym: [See Bosket, Bouquet.]

1. A small bush; also, a sprig or bouquet. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A part of a garden devoted to shrubs. [R.]

BUSKIN
Bus"kin, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. brossequin, or D. broosken. See
Brodekin.]

1. A strong, protecting covering for the foot, coming some distance up the leg. The hunted red deer's undressed hide Their hairy buskins well supplied. Sir W. Scott.

2. A similar covering for the foot and leg, made with very thick soles, to give an appearance of elevation to the stature; — worn by tragic actors in ancient Greece and Rome. Used as a symbol of tragedy, or the tragic drama, as distinguished from comedy. Great Fletcher never treads in buskins here, No greater Jonson dares in socks appear. Dryden.

BUSKINED
Bus"kined, a.

1. Wearing buskins. Her buskined virgins traced the dewy lawn. Pope.

2. Trodden by buskins; pertaining to tragedy. "The buskined stage." Milton.

BUSKY
Bus"ky, a.

Defn: See Bosky, and 1st Bush, n. Shak.

BUSS
Buss, n. Etym: [OE. basse, fr. L. basium; cf. G. bus (Luther), Prov.
G. busserl, dim. of bus kiss, bussen to kiss, Sw. puss kiss, pussa to
kiss, W. & Gael. bus lip, mouth.]

Defn: A kiss; a rude or playful kiss; a smack. Shak.

BUSS
Buss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bussed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bussing.]

Defn: To kiss; esp. to kiss with a smack, or rudely. "Nor bussed the
milking maid." Tennyson.
Kissing and bussing differ both in this, We buss our wantons, but our
wives we kiss. Herrick.

BUSS Buss, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. busse, Pr. bus, LL. bussa, busa, G. büse, D. buis.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small strong vessel with two masts and two cabins; — used in
the herring fishery.
The Dutch whalers and herring busses. Macaulay.

BUST
Bust, n. Etym: [F. buste, fr. It. busto; cf. LL. busta, bustula, box,
of the same origin as E. box a case; cf., for the change of meaning,
E. chest. See Bushel.]

1. A piece of sculpture representing the upper part of the human figure, including the head, shoulders, and breast. Ambition sighed: she found it vain to trust The faithless column, and the crumbling bust. Pope.

2. The portion of the human figure included between the head and waist, whether in statuary or in the person; the chest or thorax; the upper part of the trunk of the body.

BUSTARD
Bus"tard, n. Etym: [OF. & Prov. F. bistarde, F. outarde, from L. avis
tarda, lit., slow bird. Plin. 10, 22; "proximæ iis sunt, quas
Hispania aves tardas appellat, Græcia (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Otis.

Note: The great or bearded bustard (Otis tarda) is the largest game bird in Europe. It inhabits the temperate regions of Europe and Asia, and was formerly common in Great Britain. The little bustard (O. tetrax) inhabits eastern Europe and Morocco. Many other species are known in Asia and Africa.

BUSTER
Bus"ter, n.

Defn: Something huge; a roistering blade; also, a spree. [Slang,
U.S.] Bartlett.

BUSTLE
Bus"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bustled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bustling ( Etym:
[Cf. OE. buskle, perh. fr. AS. bysig busy, bysg-ian to busy + the
verbal termination -le; or Icel. bustla to splash, bustle.]

Defn: To move noisily; to be rudely active; to move in a way to cause agitation or disturbance; as, to bustle through a crowd. And leave the world for me to bustle in. Shak.

BUSTLE
Bus"tle, n.

Defn: Great stir; agitation; tumult from stirring or excitement.
A strange bustle and disturbance in the world. South.

BUSTLE
Bus"tle, n.

Defn: A kind of pad or cushion worn on the back below the waist, by women, to give fullness to the skirts; — called also bishop, and tournure.

BUSTLER
Bus"tler, n.

Defn: An active, stirring person.

BUSTLING
Bus"tling, a.

Defn: Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a bustling crowd. "A bustling wharf." Hawthorne.

BUSTO
Bus"to, n.; pl. Bustoes (/plu. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A bust; a statue.
With some antick bustoes in the niches. Ashmole.

BUSY Bus"y, a. Etym: [OE. busi, bisi, AS. bysig; akin to D. bezig, LG. besig; cf. Skr. bh to be active, busy.]

1. Engaged in some business; hard at work (either habitually or only for the time being); occupied with serious affairs; not idle nor at leisure; as, a busy merchant. Sir, my mistress sends you word THat she is busy, and she can not come. Shak.

2. Constantly at work; diligent; active. Busy hammers closing rivets up. Shak. Religious motives . . . are so busy in the heart. Addison.

3. Crowded with business or activities; — said of places and times; as, a busy street. To-morrow is a busy day. Shak.

4. Officious; meddling; foolish active. On meddling monkey, or on busy ape. Shak.

5. Careful; anxious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
— Diligent; industrious; assiduous; active; occupied; engaged.

BUSY
Bus"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Busied; p. pr. & vb. n. Busying.] Etym:
[AS. bysgian.]

Defn: To make or keep busy; to employ; to engage or keep engaged; to occupy; as, to busy one's self with books. Be it thy course to busy giddy minds With foreign quarrels. Shak.

BUSYBODY
Bus"y*bod`y, n.; pl. Busybodies.

Defn: One who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others; a meddling person. And not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not. 1 Tim. v. 13.

BUT But, prep., adv. & conj. Etym: [OE. bute, buten, AS. b, without, on the outside, except, besides; pref. be- + outward, without, fr. out. Primarily, b, as well as , is an adverb. sq. root198. See By, Out; cf. About.]

1. Except with; unless with; without. [Obs.] So insolent that he could not go but either spurning equals or trampling on his inferiors. Fuller. Touch not the cat but a glove. Motto of the Mackintoshes.

2. Except; besides; save. Who can it be, ye gods! but perjured Lycon E. Smith.

Note: In this sense, but is often used with other particles; as, but for, without, had it not been for. "Uncreated but for love divine." Young.

3. Excepting or excluding the fact that; save that; were it not that; unless; — elliptical, for but that. And but my noble Moor is true of mind . . . it were enough to put him to ill thinking. Shak.

4. Otherwise than that; that not; — commonly, after a negative, with that. It cannot be but nature hath some director, of infinite power, to guide her in all her ways. Hooker. There is no question but the king of Spain will reform most of the abuses. Addison.

5. Only; solely; merely.
Observe but how their own principles combat one another. Milton.
If they kill us, we shall but die. 2 Kings vii. 4.
A formidable man but to his friends. Dryden.

6. On the contrary; on the other hand; only; yet; still; however; nevertheless; more; further; — as connective of sentences or clauses of a sentence, in a sense more or less exceptive or adversative; as, the House of Representatives passed the bill, but the Senate dissented; our wants are many, but quite of another kind. Now abideth faith hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity. 1 Cor. xiii. 13. When pride cometh, then cometh shame; but with the lowly is wisdom. Prov. xi. 2. All but. See under All. — But and if, but if; an attempt on the part of King James's translators of the Bible to express the conjunctive and adversative force of the Greek But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; . . . the lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him. Luke xii. 45, 46. But if, unless. [Obs.] Chaucer. But this I read, that but if remedy Thou her afford, full shortly I her dead shall see. Spenser.

Syn. — But, However, Still. These conjunctions mark opposition in passing from one thought or topic to another. But marks the opposition with a medium degree of strength; as, this is not winter, but it is almost as cold; he requested my assistance, but I shall not aid him at present. However is weaker, and throws the opposition (as it were) into the background; as, this is not winter; it is, however, almost as cold; he required my assistance; at present, however, I shall not afford him aid. The plan, however, is still under consideration, and may yet be adopted. Still is stronger than but, and marks the opposition more emphatically; as, your arguments are weighty; still they do not convince me. See Except, However.

Note: "The chief error with but is to use it where and is enough; an error springing from the tendency to use strong words without sufficient occasio,." Bain.

BUT
But, n. Etym: [Cf. But, prep., adv. & conj.]

Defn: The outer apartment or kitchen of a two-roomed house; — opposed to ben, the inner room. [Scot.]

BUT
But, n. Etym: [See 1st But.]

1. A limit; a boundary.

2. The end; esp. the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end. See 1st Butt. But end, the larger or thicker end; as, the but end of a log; the but end of a musket. See Butt, n.

BUT
But, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n. Butting.]

Defn: See Butt, v., and Abut, v.

BUTANE
Bu"tane, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series.

BUTCHER Butch"er, n. Etym: [OE. bochere, bochier, OF. bochier, F. boucher, orig., slaughterer of buck goats, fr. OF. boc, F. bouc, a buck goat; of German or Celtic origin. See Buck the animal.]

1. One who slaughters animals, or dresses their flesh for market; one whose occupation it is to kill animals for food.

2. A slaughterer; one who kills in large numbers, or with unusual cruelty; one who causes needless loss of life, as in battle. "Butcher of an innocent child." Shak. Butcher bird (Zoöl.), a species of shrike of the genus Lanius.

Note: The Lanius excubitor is the common butcher bird of Europe. In England, the bearded tit is sometimes called the lesser butcher bird. The American species are L.borealis, or northernbutcher bird, and L. Ludovicianus or loggerhead shrike. The name butcher birdis derived from its habit of suspending its prey impaled upon thorns, after killing it. Butcher's meat, such flesh of animals slaughtered for food as is sold for that purpose by butchers, as beef, mutton, lamb, and pork.

BUTCHER
Butch"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Butchered (; p. pr. & vb.n.
Butchering.]

1. To kill or slaughter (animals) for food, or for market; as, to butcher hogs.

2. To murder, or kill, especially in an unusually bloody or barbarous manner. Macaulay. [Ithocles] was murdered, rather butchered. Ford.

BUTCHERING
Butch"er*ing, n.

1. The business of a butcher.

2. The act of slaughtering; the act of killing cruelly and needlessly. That dreadful butchering of one another. Addison.

BUTCHERLINESS
Butch"er*li*ness, n.

Defn: Butchery quality.

BUTCHERLY
Butch"er*ly, a.

Defn: Like a butcher; without compunction; savage; bloody; inhuman; fell. "The victim of a butcherly murder." D. Webster. What stratagems, how fell, how butcherly, This deadly quarrel daily doth beget! Shak.

BUTCHER'S BROOM
Butch"er's broom`. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants (Ruscus); esp. R. aculeatus, which has large red berries and leaflike branches. See Cladophyll.

BUTCHERY
Butch"er*y, n. Etym: [OE. bocherie shambles, fr. F. boucherie. See
Butcher, n.]

1. The business of a butcher. [Obs.]

2. Murder or manslaughter, esp. when committed with unusual barbarity; great or cruel slaughter. Shak. The perpetration of human butchery. Prescott.

3. A slaughterhouse; the shambles; a place where blood is shed. [Obs.] Like as an ox is hanged in the butchery. Fabyan.

Syn.
— Murder; slaughter; carnage. See Massacre.

BUTLER But"ler, n. Etym: [OE. boteler, F. bouteillier a bottle-bearer, a cupbearer, fr. LL. buticularius, fr. buticula bottle. See Bottle a hollow vessel.]

Defn: An officer in a king's or a nobleman's household, whose principal business it is to take charge of the liquors, plate, etc.; the head servant in a large house. The butler and the baker of the king of Egypt. Gen. xl. 5. Your wine locked up, your butler strolled abroad. Pope.

BUTLERAGE
But"ler*age, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by merchant strangers; — so called because paid to the king's butler for the king. Blackstone.

BUTLERSHIP
But"ler*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a butler.

BUTMENT
But"ment, n. Etym: [Abbreviation of Abutment.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A buttress of an arch; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier.

2. (Masonry)

Defn: The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained, or by which the end of a bridge without arches is supported. Butment cheek (Carp.), the part of a mortised timber surrounding the mortise, and against which the shoulders of the tenon bear. Knight.

BUTT; BUT Butt, But, n. Etym: [F. but butt, aim (cf. butte knoll), or bout, OF. bot, end, extremity, fr. boter, buter, to push, butt, strike, F. bouter; of German origin; cf. OHG. bozan, akin to E. beat. See Beat, v. t.]

1. A limit; a bound; a goal; the extreme bound; the end. Here is my journey's end, here my butt And very sea mark of my utmost sail. Shak.

Note: As applied to land, the word is nearly synonymous with mete, and signifies properly the end line or boundary; the abuttal.

2. The thicker end of anything. See But.

3. A mark to be shot at; a target. Sir W. Scott. The groom his fellow groom at butts defies, And bends his bow, and levels with his eyes. Dryden.

4. A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed; as, the
butt of the company.
I played a sentence or two at my butt, which I thought very smart.
Addison.

5. A push, thrust, or sudden blow, given by the head of an animal; as, the butt of a ram.

6. A thrust in fencing. To prove who gave the fairer butt, John shows the chalk on Robert's coat. Prior.

7. A piece of land left unplowed at the end of a field. The hay was growing upon headlands and butts in cornfields. Burrill.

8. (Mech.) (a) A joint where the ends of two objects come squarely together without scrafing or chamfering; — also called butt joint. (b) The end of a connecting rod or other like piece, to which the boxing is attached by the strap, cotter, and gib. (c) The portion of a half-coupling fastened to the end of a hose.

9. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: The joint where two planks in a strake meet.

10. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of hinge used in hanging doors, etc.; — so named because fastened on the edge of the door, which butts against the casing, instead of on its face, like the strap hinge; also called butt hinge.

11. (Leather Trade)

Defn: The thickest and stoutest part of tanned oxhides, used for soles of boots, harness, trunks.

12. The hut or shelter of the person who attends to the targets in rifle practice. Butt chain (Saddlery), a short chain attached to the end of a tug. — Butt end. The thicker end of anything. See But end, under 2d But. Amen; and make me die a good old man! That's the butt end of a mother's blessing. Shak. A butt's length, the ordinary distance from the place of shooting to the butt, or mark. — Butts and bounds (Conveyancing), abuttals and boundaries. In lands of the ordinary rectangular shape, butts are the lines at the ends (F. bouts), and bounds are those on the sides, or sidings, as they were formerly termed. Burrill. — Bead and butt. See under Bead. — Butt and butt, joining end to end without overlapping, as planks. — Butt weld (Mech.), a butt joint, made by welding together the flat ends, or edges, of a piece of iron or steel, or of separate pieces, without having them overlap. See Weld. — Full butt, headfirst with full force. [Colloq.] "The corporal . . . ran full butt at the lieutenant." Marryat.

BUTT
Butt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Butted; p. pr. & vb. n. Butting.] Etym:
[OE. butten, OF. boter to push, F. bouter. See Butt an end, and cf.
Boutade.]

1. To join at the butt, end, or outward extremity; to terminate; to be bounded; to abut. [Written also but.] And Barnsdale there doth butt on Don's well-watered ground. Drayton.

2. To thrust the head forward; to strike by thrusting the head forward, as an ox or a ram. [See Butt, n.] A snow-white steer before thine altar led, Butts with his threatening brows. Dryden.

BUTT
Butt, v. t.

Defn: To strike by thrusting the head against; to strike with the
head.
Two harmless lambs are butting one the other. Sir H. Wotton.

BUTT Butt, n. Etym: [F. botte, boute, LL. butta. Cf. Bottle a hollow vessel.]

Defn: A large cask or vessel for wine or beer. It contains two hogsheads.

Note: A wine butt contains 126 wine gallons (= 105 imperial gallons, nearly); a beer butt 108 ale gallons (= about 110 imperial gallons).

BUTT
Butt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common English flounder.

BUTTE
Butte, n. Etym: [F. See Butt a bound.]

Defn: A detached low mountain, or high rising abruptly from the general level of the surrounding plain; — applied to peculiar elevations in the Rocky Mountain region. The creek . . . passes by two remarkable buttes of red conglomerate. Ruxton.

BUTTER
But"ter, n. Etym: [OE. botere, butter, AS. butere, fr. L. butyrum,
Gr. Cow.]

1. An oily, unctuous substance obtained from cream or milk by churning.

2. Any substance resembling butter in degree of consistence, or other qualities, especially, in old chemistry, the chloridess, as butter of antimony, sesquichloride of antimony; also, certain concrete fat oils remaining nearly solid at ordinary temperatures, as butter of cacao, vegetable butter, shea butter. Butter and eggs (Bot.), a name given to several plants having flowers of two shades of yellow, as Narcissus incomparabilis, and in the United States to the toadflax (Linaria vulgaris). — Butter boat, a small vessel for holding melted butter at table. — Butter flower, the buttercup, a yellow flower. — Butter print, a piece of carved wood used to mark pats of butter; — called also butter stamp. Locke. — Butter tooth, either of the two middle incisors of the upper jaw. — Butter tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Bassia, the seeds of which yield a substance closely resembling butter. The butter tree of India is the B. butyracea; that of Africa is the Shea tree (B. Parkii). See Shea tree. — Butter trier, a tool used in sampling butter. — Butter wife, a woman who makes or sells butter; — called also butter woman. [Obs. or Archaic]

BUTTER
But"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttered (p. pr. & vb. n. Buttering.]

1. To cover or spread with butter. I know what's what. I know on which side My bread is buttered. Ford.

2. To increase, as stakes, at every throw or every game. [Cant] Johnson.

BUTTER
Butt"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, butts.

BUTTERBALL
But"ter*ball`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The buffel duck.

BUTTERBIRD
But"ter*bird`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rice bunting or bobolink; — so called in the island of
Jamaica.

BUTTERBUMP
But"ter*bump`, n. Etym: [OE. buttur the bittern + 5th bump.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bittern. Johnson.

BUTTERBUR
But"ter*bur`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A broad-leaved plant (Petasites vulgaris) of the Composite family, said to have been used in England for wrapping up pats of butter.

BUTTERCUP
But"ter*cup`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Ranunculus, or crowfoot, particularly R. bulbosus, with bright yellow flowers; — called also butterflower, golden cup, and kingcup. It is the cuckoobud of Shakespeare.

BUTTER-FINGERED
But"ter-fin`gered, a.

Defn: Apt to let things fall, or to let them slip away; slippery; careless.

BUTTERFISH
But"ter*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A name given to several different fishes, in allusion to their slippery coating of mucus, as the Stromateus triacanthus of the Atlantic coast, the Epinephelus punctatus of the southern coast, the rock eel, and the kelpfish of New Zealand.

BUTTERFLY
But"ter*fly`, n.; pl. Butterflies. Etym: [Perh. from the color of a
yellow species. AS. buter-flege, buttor-fleóge; cf. G. butterfliege,
D. botervlieg. See Butter, and Fly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A general name for the numerous species of diurnal Lepidoptera.

Note: [See Illust. under Aphrodite.] Asclepias butterfly. See under Asclepias. — Butterfly fish (Zoöl.), the ocellated blenny (Blennius ocellaris) of Europe. See Blenny. The term is also applied to the flying gurnard. — Butterfly shell (Zoöl.), a shell of the genus Voluta. — Butterfly valve (Mech.), a kind of double clack valve, consisting of two semicircular clappers or wings hinged to a cross rib in the pump bucket. When open it somewhat resembles a butterfly in shape.

BUTTERINE
But"ter*ine, n.

Defn: A substance prepared from animal fat with some other ingredients intermixed, as an imitation of butter. The manufacturers ship large quantities of oleomargarine to England, Holland, and other countries, to be manufactured into butter, which is sold as butterine or suine. Johnson's Cyc.

BUTTERIS But"ter*is, n. Etym: [The same word as buttress, noun, in a different application, F. bouter to push.] (Far.)

Defn: A steel cutting instrument, with a long bent shank set in a handle which rests against the shoulder of the operator. It is operated by a thrust movement, and used in paring the hoofs of horses.

BUTTERMAN
But"ter*man`, n.; pl. Buttermen (.

Defn: A man who makes or sells butter.

BUTTERMILK
But"ter*milk`, n.

Defn: The milk that remains after the butter is separated from the cream.

BUTTERNUT
But"ter*nut`, n.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An American tree (Juglans cinerea) of the Walnut family, and its edible fruit; — so called from the oil contained in the latter. Sometimes called oil nut and white walnut.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The nut of the Caryocar butyrosum and C. nuciferum, of S.
America; — called also Souari nut.

BUTTER-SCOTCH
But"ter-scotch`, n.

Defn: A kind of candy, mainly composed of sugar and butter. [Colloq.]
Dickens.

BUTTERWEED
But"ter*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An annual composite plant of the Mississippi valley (Senecio lobatus).

BUTTERWEIGHT
But"ter*weight`, n.

Defn: Over weight. Swift.

Note: Formerly it was a custom to give 18 ounces of butter for a pound.

BUTTERWORT
But"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of low herbs (Pinguicula) having simple leaves which secrete from their glandular upper surface a viscid fluid, to which insects adhere, after which the margin infolds and the insects are digested by the plant. The species are found mostly in the North Temperate zone.

BUTTERY
But"ter*y, a.

Defn: Having the qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter.

BUTTERY But"ter*y, n.; pl. Buttplwies (. Etym: [OE. botery, botry; cf. LL. botaria wine vessel; also OE. botelerie, fr. F. bouteillerie, fr. boutellie bottle. Not derived from butter. See Bottle a hollow vessel, Butt a cask.]

1. An apartment in a house where butter, milk and other provisions are kept. All that need a cool and fresh temper, as cellars, pantries, and butteries, to the north. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A room in some English colleges where liquors, fruit, and refreshments are kept for sale to the students. And the major Oxford kept the buttery bar. E. Hall.

3. A cellar in which butts of wine are kept. Weale. Buttery hatch, a half door between the buttery or kitchen and the hall, in old mansions, over which provisions were passed. Wright.

BUTT HINGE
Butt" hinge`.

Defn: See 1st Butt, 10.

BUT-THORN
But"-thorn`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common European starfish (Asterias rubens).

BUTTING
But"ting, n.

Defn: An abuttal; a boundary.
Without buttings or boundings on any side. Bp. Beveridge.

BUTTING JOINT
But"ting joint`.

Defn: A joint between two pieces of timber or wood, at the end of one or both, and either at right angles or oblique to the grain, as the joints which the struts and braces form with the truss posts; — sometimes called abutting joint.

BUTT JOINT
Butt" joint`.

Defn: A joint in which the edges or ends of the pieces united come squarely together instead of overlapping. See 1st Butt, 8.

BUTTOCK
But"tock, n. Etym: [From Butt an end.]

1. The part at the back of the hip, which, in man, forms one of the rounded protuberances on which he sits; the rump.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. Mar. Dict.

BUTTON But"ton, n. Etym: [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouter to push. See Butt an end.]

1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass.

2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; — used also for ornament.

3. A bud; a germ of a plant. Shak.

4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door.

5. A globule of metal remaining onan assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion. Button hook, a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves. — Button shell (Zoöl.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus Rotella. — Button snakeroot. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus Liatris, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads. — Button tree (Bot.), a genus of trees (Conocarpus), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies. — To hold by the button, to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole.

BUTTON
But"ton, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Buttoning.]
Etym: [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See Button, n.]

1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; — often followed by up. He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a tight green coat. Dickens.

2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.] Shak.

BUTTON
But"ton, v. i.

Defn: To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not button.

BUTTONBALL
But"ton*ball`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Buttonwood.

BUTTONBUSH
But"ton*bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Cephalanthus occidentalis) growing by the waterside; - - so called from its globular head of flowers. See Capitulum.

BUTTONHOLE
But"ton*hole`, n.

Defn: The hole or loop in which a button is caught.

BUTTONHOLE
But"ton*hole`, v. t.

Defn: To hold at the button or buttonhole; to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; as, he buttonholed me a quarter of an hour.

BUTTONMOLD
But"ton*mold`, n.

Defn: A disk of bone, wood, or other material, which is made into a button by covering it with cloth. [Written also buttonmould.] Fossil buttonmolds, joints of encrinites. See Encrinite.

BUTTONS
But"tons, n.

Defn: A boy servant, or page, — in allusion to the buttons on his livry. [Colloq.] Dickens.

BUTTONWEED
But"ton*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several plants of the genera Spermacoce and Diodia, of the Madder family.

BUTTONWOOD
But"ton*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Platanus occidentalis, or American plane tree, a large tree, producing rough balls, from which it is named; — called also buttonball tree, and, in some parts of the United States, sycamore. The California buttonwood is P. racemosa.

BUTTONY
But"ton*y, a.

Defn: Ornamented with a large number of buttons. "The buttony boy."
Thackeray. "My coat so blue and buttony." W. S. Gilbert.

BUTTRESS
But"tress, n. Etym: [OE. butrasse, boterace, fr. F. bouter to push;
cf. OF. bouteret (nom. sing. and acc. pl. bouterez) buttress. See
Butt an end, and cf. Butteris.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting mass of masonry, used for resisting the thrust of an arch, or for ornament and symmetry.

Note: When an external projection is used merely to stiffen a wall, it is a pier.

2. Anything which supports or strengthens. "The ground pillar and buttress of the good old cause of nonconformity." South. Flying buttress. See Flying buttress.

BUTTRESS
But"tress, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buttressed (p. pr. & vb. n.
Buttressing.]

Defn: To support with a buttress; to prop; to brace firmly.
To set it upright again, and to prop and buttress it up for duration.
Burke.

BUTT SHAFT
Butt" shaft`

Defn: An arrow without a barb, for shooting at butts; an arrow. [Also but shaft.] Shak.

BUTT WELD
Butt" weld`.

Defn: See Butt weld, under Butt.

BUTTWELD
Butt"weld`, v. t.

Defn: To unite by a butt weld.

BUTTY
But"ty, n. (Mining)

Defn: One who mines by contract, at so much per ton of coal or ore.

BUTYL
Bu"tyl, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter + -yl. See Butter.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound radical, regarded as butane, less one atom of hydrogen.

BUTYLAMINE
Bu`tyl*am"ine, n. [Butyric + -yl + amine.] (Org. Chem.)

Defn: A colorless liquid base, C4H9NH2, of which there are four isomeric varieties.

BUTYLENE
Bu"ty*lene, n. Etym: [From Butyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, C4H8, of the ethylene series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable.

BUTYRACEOUS
Bu`ty*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. butyrum butter. See Butter.]

Defn: Having the qualities of butter; resembling butter.

BUTYRATE
Bu"ty*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of butyric acid.

BUTYRIC
Bu*tyr"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, butter. Butyric acid, C3H7.CO2H, an acid found in butter; an oily, limpid fluid, having the smell of rancid butter, and an acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste, like that of ether. There are two metameric butyric acids, called in distinction the normal- and iso-butyric acid. The normal butyric acid is the one common in rancid butter.

BUTYRIN
Bu"ty*rin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A butyrate of glycerin; a fat contained in small quantity in milk, which helps to give to butter its peculiar flavor.

BUTYROMETER
Bu`ty*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. butyrum butter + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the amount of fatty matter or butter contained in a sample of milk.

BUTYRONE
Bu"ty*rone, n. Etym: [Butyric + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid ketone obtained by heating calcium butyrate.

BUTYROUS
Bu"ty*rous, a.

Defn: Butyraceous.

BUTYRYL
Bu"ty*ryl, n. [Butyric + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical (C4H7O) of butyric acid.

BUXEOUS
Bux"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. buxeus, fr. buxus the box tree.]

Defn: Belonging to the box tree.

BUXINE
Bux"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the Buxus sempervirens, or common box tree. It is identical with bebeerine; — called also buxina.

BUXOM Bux"om, a. Etym: [OE. buxum, boxom, buhsum, pliable, obedient, AS. bocsum, buhsum (akin to D. buigzaam blexible, G. biegsam); bugan to bow, bend + -sum, E. -some. See Bow to bend, and -some.]

1. Yielding; pliable or compliant; ready to obey; obedient; tractable; docile; meek; humble. [Obs.] So wild a beast, so tame ytaught to be, And buxom to his bands, is joy to see. Spenser. I submit myself unto this holy church of Christ, to be ever buxom and obedient to the ordinance of it. Foxe.

2. Having the characteristics of health, vigor, and comeliness, combined with a gay, lively manner; stout and rosy; jolly; frolicsome. A daughter fair, So buxom, blithe, and debonair. Milton. A parcel of buxom bonny dames, that were laughing, singing, dancing, and as merry as the day was long. Tatler. — Bux"om*ly, adv. — Bux"om*ness, n.

BUY Buy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bought; p. pr. & vb. n. Buying.] Etym: [OE. buggen, buggen, bien, AS. bycgan, akin to OS. buggean, Goth. bugjan.]

1. To acquire the ownership of (property) by giving an accepted price or consideration therefor, or by agreeing to do so; to acquire by the payment of a price or value; to purchase; — opposed to sell. Buy what thou hast no need of, and ere long thou wilt sell thy necessaries. B. Franklin.

2. To acquire or procure by something given or done in exchange, literally or figuratively; to get, at a cost or sacrifice; to buy pleasure with pain. Buy the truth and sell it not; also wisdom, and instruction, and understanding. Prov. xxiii. 23. To buy again. See Againbuy. [Obs.] Chaucer. — To buy off. (a) To influence to compliance; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration; as, to buy off conscience. (b) To detach by a consideration given; as, to buy off one from a party. — To buy out (a) To buy off, or detach from. Shak. (b) To purchase the share or shares of in a stock, fund, or partnership, by which the seller is separated from the company, and the purchaser takes his place; as, A buys out B. (c) To purchase the entire stock in trade and the good will of a business. — To buy in, to purchase stock in any fund or partnership. — To buy on credit, to purchase, on a promise, in fact or in law, to make payment at a future day. — To buy the refusal (of anything), to give a consideration for the right of purchasing, at a fixed price, at a future time.

BUY
Buy, v. i.

Defn: To negotiate or treat about a purchase.
I will buy with you, sell with you. Shak.

BUYER
Buy"er, n.

Defn: One who buys; a purchaser.

BUZ
Buz, v. & n.

Defn: See Buzz. [Obs.]

BUZZ Buzz, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buzzed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buzzing.] Etym: [An onomatopoeia.]

Defn: To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings. Hence: To utter a murmuring sound; to speak with a low, humming voice. Like a wasp is buzzed, and stung him. Longfellow. However these disturbers of our peace Buzz in the people's ears. Shak.

BUZZ
Buzz, v. t.

1. To sound forth by buzzing. Shak.

2. To whisper; to communicate, as tales, in an under tone; to spread, as report, by whispers, or secretly. I will buzz abroad such prophecies That Edward shall be fearful of his life. Shak.

3. To talk to incessantly or confidentially in a low humming voice. [Colloq.]

4. (Phonetics)

Defn: To sound with a "buzz". H. Sweet.

BUZZ
Buzz, n.

1. A continuous, humming noise, as of bees; a confused murmur, as of general conversation in low tones, or of a general expression of surprise or approbation. "The constant buzz of a fly." Macaulay.

I found the whole room in a buzz of politics. Addison.
There is a buzz all around regarding the sermon. Thackeray.

2. A whisper; a report spread secretly or cautiously. There's a certain buzz Of a stolen marriage. Massinger.

3. (Phonetics)

Defn: The audible friction of voice consonants. H. Sweet.

BUZZARD Buz"zard, n.Etym: [O.E. busard, bosard, F. busard, fr. buse, L. buteo, a kind of falcon or hawk.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of prey of the Hawk family, belonging to the genus Buteo and related genera.

Note: The Buteo vulgaris is the common buzzard of Europe. The
American species (of which the most common are B. borealis, B.
Pennsylvanicus, and B. lineatus) are usually called hen hawks.
— The rough-legged buzzard, or bee hawk, of Europe (Pernis
apivorus) feeds on bees and their larvæ, with other insects, and
reptiles.
— The moor buzzard of Europe is Circus æruginosus. See Turkey
buzzard, and Carrion buzzard. Bald buzzard, the fishhawk or osprey.
See Fishhawk.

2. A blockhead; a dunce. It is common, to a proverb, to call one who can not be taught, or who continues obstinately ignorant, a buzzard. Goldsmith.

BUZZARD
Buz"zard, a.

Defn: Senseless; stupid. [R.& Obs.] Milton.

BUZZARDET
Buz"zard*et`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hawk resembling the buzzard, but with legs relatively longer.

BUZZER
Buzz"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buzzes; a whisperer; a talebearer. And wants not buzzers to infect his ear With pestilent speeches of his father's death. Shak.

BUZZINGLY
Buzz"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a buzzing manner; with a buzzing sound.

BUZZSAW
Buzz"saw`

Defn: A circular saw; — so called from the buzzing it makes when running at full speed.

BY
By, prep. Etym: [OE. bi, AS. bi, big, near to, by, of, from, after,
according to; akin to OS.& OFries. bi, be, D. bij, OHG. bi, G. bie,
Goth. bi, and perh. Gr.. E. prefix be- is orig.the same word. pref.
Be-.]

1. In the neighborhood of; near or next to; not far from; close to; along with; as, come and sit by me. By foundation or by shady rivulet He sought them both. Milton.

2. On; along; in traversing. Compare 5. Long labors both by sea and land he bore. Dryden. By land, by water, they renew the charge. Pope.

3. Near to, while passing; hence, from one to the other side of; past; as, to go by a church.

4. Used in specifying adjacent dimensions; as, a cabin twenty feet by forty.

5. Against. [Obs.] Tyndale [1. Cor. iv. 4].

6. With, as means, way, process, etc.; through means of; with aid of; through; through the act or agency of; as, a city is destroyed by fire; profit is made by commerce; to take by force.

Note: To the meaning of by, as denoting means or agency, belong, more or less closely, most of the following uses of the word: (a) It points out the author and producer; as, "Waverley", a novel by Sir W.Scott; a statue by Canova; a sonata by Beethoven. (b) In an oath or adjuration, it indicates the being or thing appealed to as sanction; as, I affirm to you by all that is sacred; he swears by his faith as a Christian; no, by Heaven. (c) According to; by direction, authority, or example of; after; — in such phrases as, it appears by his account; ten o'clock by my watch; to live by rule; a model to build by. (d) At the rate of; according to the ratio or proportion of; in the measure or quantity of; as, to sell cloth by the yard, milk by the quart, eggs by the dozen, meat by the pound; to board by the year. (e) In comparison, it denotes the measure of excess or deficiency; when anything is increased or diminished, it indicates the measure of increase or diminution; as, larger by a half; older by five years; to lessen by a third. (f) It expresses continuance or duration; during the course of; within the period of; as, by day, by night. (g) As soon as; not later than; near or at; — used in expressions of time; as, by this time the sun had risen; he will be here by two o'clock.

Note: In boxing the compass, by indicates a pint nearer to, or towards, the next cardinal point; as, north by east, i.e., a point towards the east from the north; northeast by east, i.e., on point nearer the east than northeast is.

Note: With is used instead of by before the instrument with which anything is done; as, to beat one with a stick; the board was fastened by the carpenter with nails. But there are many words which may be regarded as means or processes, or, figuratively, as instruments; and whether with or by shall be used with them is a matter of arbitrary, and often, of unsettled usage; as, to a reduce a town by famine; to consume stubble with fire; he gained his purpose by flattery; he entertained them with a story; he distressed us with or by a recital of his sufferings. see With. By all means, most assuredly; without fail; certainly. — By and by. (a) Close together (of place). [Obs.] "Two yonge knightes liggyng [lying] by and by." Chaucer. (b) Immediately; at once. [Obs.] "When . . . persecution ariseth because of the word, by and by he is offended." Matt. xiii. 21. (c) Presently; pretty soon; before long.

Note: In this phrase, by seems to be used in the sense of nearness in time, and to be repeated for the sake of emphasis, and thus to be equivalent to "soon, and soon," that is instantly; hence, — less emphatically, — pretty soon, presently. — By one's self, with only one's self near; alone; solitary.- By the bye. See under Bye. — By the head (Naut.), having the bows lower than the stern; — said of a vessel when her head is lower in the water than her stern. If her stern is lower, she is by the stern. — By the lee, the situation of a vessel, going free, when she has fallen off so much as to bring the wind round her stern, and to take her sails aback on the other side. — By the run, to let go by the run, to let go altogether, instead of slacking off. — By the way, by the bye; — used to introduce an incidental or secondary remark or subject. -Day by day, One by one, Piece by piece, etc., each day, each one, each piece, etc., by itself singly or separately; each severally. — To come by, to get possession of; to obtain. — To do by, to treat, to behave toward. — To set by, to value, to esteem. — To stand by, to aid, to support.

Note: The common phrase good-by is equivalent to farewell, and would be better written good-bye, as it is a corruption of God be with you (b'w'ye).

BY
By, adv.

1. Near; in the neighborhood; present; as, there was no person by at the time.

2. Passing near; going past; past; beyond; as, the procession has gone by; a bird flew by.

3. Aside; as, to lay by; to put by.

BY
By, a.

Defn: Out of the common path; aside; — used in composition, giving the meaning of something aside, secondary, or incidental, or collateral matter, a thing private or avoiding notice; as, by-line, by-place, by-play, by-street. It was formerly more freely used in composition than it is now; as, by-business, by-concernment, by- design, by-interest, etc.

BYARD
By"ard, n.

Defn: A piece of leather crossing the breast, used by the men who drag sledges in coal mines.

BY-BIDDER
By"-bid`der, n.

Defn: One who bids at an auction in behalf of the auctioneer or owner, for the purpose of running up the price of articles. [U.S.]

BY-BLOW
By"-blow`, n.

1. A side or incidental blow; an accidental blow. With their by-blows they did split the very stones in pieces. Bunyan.

2. An illegitimate child; a bastard. The Aga speedily . . . brought her [his disgraced slave] to court, together with her pretty by-blow, the present Padre Ottomano. Evelyn.

BY-CORNER
By"-cor`ner, n.

Defn: A private corner.
Britain being a by-corner, out of the road of the world. Fuller.

BY-DEPENDENCE
By"-de*pend`ence, n.

Defn: An appendage; that which depends on something else, or is distinct from the main dependence; an accessory. Shak.

BY-DRINKING
By"-drink`ing, n.

Defn: A drinking between meals. [Obs.]

BYE
Bye, n.

1. A thing not directly aimed at; something which is a secondary object of regard; an object by the way, etc.; as in on or upon the bye, i.e., in passing; indirectly; by implication. [Obs. except in the phrase by the bye.] The Synod of Dort condemneth upon the bye even the discipline of the Church of England. Fuller.

2. (Cricket)

Defn: A run made upon a missed ball; as, to steal a bye. T. Hughes. By the bye, in passing; by way of digression; apropos to the matter in hand. [Written also by the by.]

BYE
Bye n. Etym: [AS.bbygbyggia, b, to dwell sq. root97.]

1. A dwelling. Gibson.

2. In certain games, a station or place of an individual player. Emerson.

BY-ELECTION
By"-e*lec"tion, n.

Defn: An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.

BY-END
By"-end`, n.

Defn: Private end or interest; secret purpose; selfish advantage.
[Written also bye-end.]
"Profit or some other by-end." L'Estrange.

BYGONE
By"gone`, a.

Defn: Past; gone by. "Bygone fooleries." Shak

BYGONE
By"gone`, n.

Defn: Something gone by or past; a past event. "Let old bygones be"
Tennyson. Let bygones be bygones, let the past be forgotten.

BY-INTEREST
By"-in`ter*est, n.

Defn: Self-interest; private advantage. Atterbury.

BYLAND
By"land, n.

Defn: A peninsula. [Obs.]

BYLANDER
By"land*er, n.

Defn: See Bilander.[Obs.]

BY-LANE
By"-lane`, n.

Defn: A private lane, or one opening out of the usual road.

BY-LAW By"-law` (, n. Etym: [Cf.Sw.bylag, D.bylov, Icel.b, fr.Sw.& Dan. by town, Icel. bær, byr (fr. bûa to dwell) + the word for law; hence, a law for one town, a special law. Cf.Birlaw and see Law.]

1. A local or subordinate law; a private law or regulation made by a corporation for its own government. There was likewise a law to restrain the by-laws, or ordinances of corporations. Bacon. The law or institution; to which are added two by-laws, as a comment upon the general law. Addison.

2. A law that is less important than a general law or constitutional provision, and subsidiary to it; a rule relating to a matter of detail; as, civic societies often adopt a constitution and by-laws for the government of their members. In this sense the word has probably been influenced by by, meaning secondary or aside.

BY-NAME
By"-name`, n.

Defn: A nickname. Camden.

BYNAME
By"name`, v. t.

Defn: To give a nickname to. Camden.

BY-PASS
By"-pass, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A by-passage, for a pipe, or other channel, to divert circulation from the usual course.

BY-PASSAGE
By"-pas`sage, n.

Defn: A passage different from the usual one; a byway.

BY-PAST
By"-past, a.

Defn: Past; gone by. "By-past perils." Shak.

BYPATH
By"path`, n.; pl. Bypaths(

Defn: A private path; an obscure way; indirect means. God known, my son, By what bypaths, and indirect crooked ways, I met this crown. Shak.

BY-PLACE
By"-place` (, n.

Defn: A retired or private place.

BYPLAY
By"play, n.

Defn: Action carried on aside, and commonly in dumb show, while the main action proceeds.

BY-PRODUCT
By"-prod`uct, n.

Defn: A secondary or additional product; something produced, as in the course of a manufacture, in addition to the principal product.

BYRE
Byre, n. Etym: [Cf, Icel. bür pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan. buur,
E.bower.]

Defn: A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.]

BY-RESPECT
By"-re*spect`, n.

Defn: Private end or view; by-interest. [Obs.] Dryden.

BYROAD
By"road`, n.

Defn: A private or obscure road. "Through slippery byroads" Swift.

BYRONIC
By"ron`ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or in the style of, Lord Byron.
With despair and Byronic misanthropy. Thackeray

BY-ROOM
By"-room`, n.

Defn: A private room or apartment. "Stand in some by-room" Shak.

BYSMOTTERED
By"*smot`ter*ed, p.a. Etym: [See Besmut.]

Defn: Bespotted with mud or dirt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BY-SPEECH
By"-speech`(, n.

Defn: An incidental or casual speech, not directly relating to the point. "To quote by-speeches." Hooker.

BY-SPELL
By"-spell`(, n. Etym: [AS. bigspell.]

Defn: A proverb. [Obs.]

BYSS
Byss, n.

Defn: See Byssus, n., 1.

BYSSACEOUS
Bys*sa"ceous, a. Etym: [From Byssus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Byssuslike; consisting of fine fibers or threads, as some very delicate filamentous algæ.

BYSSIFEROUS
Bys*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Byssus + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing a byssus or tuft.

BYSSIN
Bys"sin, n.

Defn: See Byssus, n., 1.

BYSSINE
Bys"sine, a. Etym: [L. byssinus made of byssus, Gr.Byssus.]

Defn: Made of silk; having a silky or flaxlike appearance. Coles.

BYSSOID
Bys"soid, a. Etym: [Byssus + -oid.]

Defn: Byssaceous.

BYSSOLITE
Bys"so*lite, n. Etym: [Gr.-lite.] (Min.)

Defn: An olive-green fibrous variety of hornblende.

BYSSUS Bys"sus, n.; pl. E. Byssuses(#); L. Byssi.(#) Etym: [L. byssus fine flax, fine linen or cotton, Gr.

1. A cloth of exceedingly fine texture, used by the ancients. It is disputed whether it was of cotton, linen, or silk. [Written also byss and byssin.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tuft of long, tough filaments which are formed in a groove of the foot, and issue from between the valves of certain bivalve mollusks, as the Pinna and Mytilus, by which they attach themselves to rocks, etc.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: An obsolete name for certain fungi composed of slender threads.

4. Asbestus.

BYSTANDER By"stand`er, n. Etym: [By + stander, equiv. to stander-by; cf. AS. big-standan to stand by or near.]

Defn: One who stands near; a spectator; one who has no concern with
the business transacting.
He addressed the bystanders and scattered pamphlets among them.
Palfrey.

Syn.
— Looker on; spectator; beholder; observer.

BY-STREET
By"-street`, n.

Defn: A separate, private, or obscure street; an out of the way or
cross street.
He seeks by-streets, and saves the expensive coach. Gay.

BY-STROKE
By"-stroke`, n.

Defn: An accidental or a slyly given stroke.

BY-TURNING
By"-turn`ing, n.

Defn: An obscure road; a way turning from the main road. Sir P.
Sidney.

BY-VIEW
By"-view`(, n.

Defn: A private or selfish view; self-interested aim or purpose.
No by-views of his own shall mislead him. Atterbury.

BY-WALK
By"-walk`(, n.

Defn: secluded or private walk.
He moves afterward in by-walks. Dryden.

BY-WASH
By"-wash`, n.

Defn: The outlet from a dam or reservoir; also, a cut to divert the flow of water.

BYWAY
By"way`, n.

Defn: A secluded, private, or obscure way; a path or road aside from the main one. " Take no byways." Herbert.

BY-WIPE
By"-wipe`, n.

Defn: A secret or side stroke, as of raillery or sarcasm. Milton.

BYWORD
By"word`, n. Etym: [AS.bïword; bï, E.by+word.]

1. A common saying; a proverb; a saying that has a general currency. I knew a wise man that had it for a byword. Bacon.

2. The object of a contemptuous saying. Thou makest us a byword among the heathen. Ps. xliv. 14

BYWORK
By"work, n.

Defn: Work aside from regular work; subordinate or secondary business.

BYZANT; BYZANTINE
Byz"ant, Byz"an*tine n.Etym: [OE. besant, besaunt, F. besant, fr. LL.
Byzantius, Byzantinus, fr. Byzantium.] (Numis.)

Defn: A gold coin, so called from being coined at Byzantium. See
Bezant.

BYZANTIAN
By*zan"tian, a.& n.

Defn: See Byzantine.

BYZANTINE
By*zan"tine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Byzantium.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Byzantium, now Constantinople; sometimes, applied to an inhabitant of the modern city of Constantinople. [ Written also Bizantine.] Byzantine church, the Eastern or Greek church, as distinguished from the Western or Roman or Latin church.See under Greek. — Byzantine empire, the Eastern Roman or Greek empire from A.D. 364 or A.D. 395 to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, A.D. 1453. — Byzantine historians, historians and writers (Zonaras, Procopius, etc.) who lived in the Byzantine empire. P. Cyc. Byzantine style (Arch.), a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine empire.

Note: Its leading forms are the round arch, the dome, the pillar, the circle, and the cross. The capitals of the pillars are the endless variety, and full of invention. The mosque of St. Sophia, Constantinople, and the church of St. Mark, Venice, are prominent examples of Byzantine architecture.