Book Muslin Book" mus`lin (part 1)

1. A kind of muslin used for the covers of books.

2. A kind of thin white muslin for ladies' dresses.

BOOKPLATE
Book"plate`, n.

Defn: A label, placed upon or in a book, showing its ownership or its position in a library.

BOOKSELLER
Book"sell`er, n.

Defn: One who sells books.

BOOKSELLING
Book"sell`ing, n.

Defn: The employment of selling books.

BOOKSHELF
Book"shelf`, n.; pl. Bookshelves (.

Defn: A shelf to hold books.

BOOKSHOP
Book"shop`, n.

Defn: A bookseller's shop. [Eng.]

BOOKSTALL
Book"stall`, n.

Defn: A stall or stand where books are sold.

BOOKSTAND
Book"stand`, n.

1. A place or stand for the sale of books in the streets; a bookstall.

2. A stand to hold books for reading or reference.

BOOKSTORE
Book"store`, n.

Defn: A store where books are kept for sale; — called in England a bookseller's shop.

BOOKWORK
Book"work`, n.

1. Work done upon a book or books (as in a printing office), in distinction from newspaper or job work.

2. Study; application to books.

BOOKWORM
Book"worm`, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any larva of a beetle or moth, which is injurious to books.
Many species are known.

2. A student closely attached to books or addicted to study; a reader without appreciation. I wanted but a black gown and a salary to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope.

BOOKY
Book"y, a.

Defn: Bookish.

BOOLY Boo"ly, n.; pl. Boolies. Etym: [Ir. buachail cowherd; bo cow + giolla boy.]

Defn: A company of Irish herdsmen, or a single herdsman, wandering from place to place with flocks and herds, and living on their milk, like the Tartars; also, a place in the mountain pastures inclosed for the shelter of cattle or their keepers. [Obs.] [Written also boley, bolye, bouillie.] Spenser.

BOOM
Boom (boom), n. Etym: [D. boom tree, pole, beam, bar. See Beam.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A long pole or spar, run out for the purpose of extending the bottom of a particular sail; as, the jib boom, the studding-sail boom, etc.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A long spar or beam, projecting from the mast of a derrick, from the outer end of which the body to be lifted is suspended.

3. A pole with a conspicuous top, set up to mark the channel in a river or harbor. [Obs.]

4. (Mil. & Naval)

Defn: A strong chain cable, or line of spars bound together, extended across a river or the mouth of a harbor, to obstruct navigation or passage.

5. (Lumbering)

Defn: A line of connected floating timbers stretched across a river, or inclosing an area of water, to keep saw logs, etc., from floating away. Boom iron, one of the iron rings on the yards through which the studding-sail booms traverse. — The booms, that space on the upper deck of a ship between the foremast and mainmast, where the boats, spare spars, etc., are stowed. Totten.

BOOM
Boom (boom), v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To extend, or push, with a boom or pole; as, to boom out a sail; to boom off a boat.

BOOM Boom (boom), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boomed, p. pr. & vb. n. Booming.] Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. OE. bommen to hum, D. bommen to drum, sound as an empty barrel, also W. bwmp a hollow sound; aderyn y bwmp, the bird of the hollow sound, i. e., the bittern. Cf. Bum, Bump, v. i., Bomb, v. i.]

1. To cry with a hollow note; to make a hollow sound, as the bittern, and some insects. At eve the beetle boometh Athwart the thicket lone. Tennyson.

2. To make a hollow sound, as of waves or cannon. Alarm guns booming through the night air. W. Irving.

3. To rush with violence and noise, as a ship under a press of sail, before a free wind. She comes booming down before it. Totten.

4. To have a rapid growth in market value or in popular favor; to go on rushingly.

BOOM
Boom, n.

1. A hollow roar, as of waves or cannon; also, the hollow cry of the bittern; a booming.

2. A strong and extensive advance, with more or less noisy excitement; — applied colloquially or humorously to market prices, the demand for stocks or commodities and to political chances of aspirants to office; as, a boom in the stock market; a boom in coffee. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOM
Boom, v. t.

Defn: To cause to advance rapidly in price; as, to boom railroad or mining shares; to create a "boom" for; as to boom Mr. C. for senator. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOMDAS
Boom"das, n. Etym: [D. boom tree + das badger.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small African hyracoid mammal (Dendrohyrax arboreus) resembling the daman.

BOOMER
Boom"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, booms.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American rodent, so named because it is said to make a booming noise. See Sewellel.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large male kangaroo.

4. One who works up a "boom". [Slang, U. S.]

BOOMERANG
Boom"er*ang, n.

Defn: A very singular missile weapon used by the natives of Australia and in some parts of India. It is usually a curved stick of hard wood, from twenty to thirty inches in length, from two to three inches wide, and half or three quarters of an inch thick. When thrown from the hand with a quick rotary motion, it describes very remarkable curves, according to the shape of the instrument and the manner of throwing it, often moving nearly horizontally a long distance, then curving upward to a considerable height, and finally taking a retrograde direction, so as to fall near the place from which it was thrown, or even far in the rear of it.

BOOMING
Boom"ing, a.

1. Rushing with violence; swelling with a hollow sound; making a hollow sound or note; roaring; resounding. O'er the sea-beat ships the booming waters roar. Falcone.

2. Advancing or increasing amid noisy excitement; as, booming prices; booming popularity. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOMING
Boom"ing, n.

Defn: The act of producing a hollow or roaring sound; a violent rushing with heavy roar; as, the booming of the sea; a deep, hollow sound; as, the booming of bitterns. Howitt.

BOOMKIN
Boom"kin, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Bumkin.

BOOMORAH
Boo"mo*rah, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small West African chevrotain (Hyæmoschus aquaticus), resembling the musk deer.

BOOMSLANGE
Boom"slang*e, n. Etym: [D. boom tree + slang snake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large South African tree snake (Bucephalus Capensis).
Although considered venomous by natives, it has no poison fangs.

BOON Boon, n. Etym: [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]

1. A prayer or petition. [Obs.] For which to God he made so many an idle boon. Spenser.

2. That which is asked or granted as a benefit or favor; a gift; a benefaction; a grant; a present. Every good gift and every perfect boon is from above. James i. 17 (Rev. Ver. ).

BOON
Boon, a. Etym: [F. bon. See Boon, n.]

1. Good; prosperous; as, boon voyage. [Obs.]

2. Kind; bountiful; benign. Which . . . Nature boon Poured forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain. Milton.

3. Gay; merry; jovial; convivial. A boon companion, loving his bottle. Arbuthnot.

BOON Boon, n. Etym: [Scot. boon, bune, been, Gael. & Ir. bunach coarse tow, fr. bun root, stubble.]

Defn: The woody portion flax, which is separated from the fiber as refuse matter by retting, braking, and scutching.

BOOR
Boor, n. Etym: [D. boer farmer, boor; akin to AS. geb countryman, G.
bauer; fr. the root of AS. b to inhabit, and akin to E. bower, be.
Cf. Neighbor, Boer, and Big to build.]

1. A husbandman; a peasant; a rustic; esp. a clownish or unrefined countryman.

2. A Dutch, German, or Russian peasant; esp. a Dutch colonist in South Africa, Guiana, etc.: a boer.

3. A rude ill-bred person; one who is clownish in manners.

BOORISH
Boor"ish, a.

Defn: Like a boor; clownish; uncultured; unmannerly.
— Boor"ish*ly, adv.
— Boor"ish*ness, n.
Which is in truth a gross and boorish opinion. Milton.

BOORT
Boort, n.

Defn: See Bort.

BOOSE Boose, n. Etym: [AS. bos, bosig; akin to Icel. bass, Sw. bås, Dan. baas, stall, G. banse, Goth. bansts barn, Skr. bhasas stall. *252.]

Defn: A stall or a crib for an ox, cow, or other animal. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

BOOSE
Boose, v. i.

Defn: To drink excessively. See Booze.

BOOSER
Boos"er, n.

Defn: A toper; a guzzler. See Boozer.

BOOST
Boost, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Boosting.] Etym:
[Cf. Boast, v. i.]

Defn: To lift or push from behind (one who is endeavoring to climb); to push up; hence, to assist in overcoming obstacles, or in making advancement. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOST
Boost, n.

Defn: A push from behind, as to one who is endeavoring to climb; help. [Colloq. U. S.]

BOOSTER
Boost"er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: An instrument for regulating the electro-motive force in an alternating-current circuit; — so called because used to "boost", or raise, the pressure in the circuit.

BOOT Boot, n. Etym: [OE. bot, bote, adbantage, amends, cure, AS. b; akin to Icel. b, Sw. bot, Dan. bod, Goth. b, D. boete, G. busse; prop., a making good or better, from the root of E. better, adj.

1. Remedy; relief; amends; reparation; hence, one who brings relief.
He gaf the sike man his boote. Chaucer.
Thou art boot for many a bruise And healest many a wound. Sir W.
Scott.
Next her Son, our soul's best boot. Wordsworth.

2. That which is given to make an exchange equal, or to make up for the deficiency of value in one of the things exchanged. I'll give you boot, I'll give you three for one. Shak.

3. Profit; gain; advantage; use. [Obs.] Then talk no more of flight, it is no boot. Shak. To boot, in addition; over and above; besides; as a compensation for the difference of value between things bartered. Helen, to change, would give an eye to boot. Shak. A man's heaviness is refreshed long before he comes to drunkenness, for when he arrives thither he hath but changed his heaviness, and taken a crime to boot. Jer. Taylor.

BOOT
Boot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.]

1. To profit; to advantage; to avail; — generally followed by it; as, what boots it What booteth it to others that we wish them well, and do nothing for them Hooker. What subdued To change like this a mind so far imbued With scorn of man, it little boots to know. Byron. What boots to us your victories Southey.

2. To enrich; to benefit; to give in addition. [Obs.] And I will boot thee with what gift beside Thy modesty can beg. Shak.

BOOT Boot, n. Etym: [OE. bote, OF. bote, F. botte, LL. botta; of uncertain origin.]

1. A covering for the foot and lower part of the leg, ordinarily made of leather.

2. An instrument of torture for the leg, formerly used to extort confessions, particularly in Scotland. So he was put to the torture, which in Scotland they call the boots; for they put a pair of iron boots close on the leg, and drive wedges between them and the leg. Bp. Burnet.

3. A place at the side of a coach, where attendants rode; also, a low outside place before and behind the body of the coach. [Obs.]

4. A place for baggage at either end of an old-fashioned stagecoach.

5. An apron or cover (of leather or rubber cloth) for the driving seat of a vehicle, to protect from rain and mud.

6. (Plumbing)

Defn: The metal casing and flange fitted about a pipe where it passes
through a roof. Boot catcher, the person at an inn whose business it
was to pull off boots and clean them. [Obs.] Swift.
— Boot closer, one who, or that which, sews the uppers of boots.
— Boot crimp, a frame or device used by bootmakers for drawing and
shaping the body of a boot.
— Boot hook, a hook with a handle, used for pulling on boots.
— Boots and saddles (Cavalry Tactics), the trumpet call which is
the first signal for mounted drill.
— Sly boots. See Slyboots, in the Vocabulary.

BOOT
Boot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Booted; p. pr. & vb. n. Booting.]

1. To put boots on, esp. for riding. Coated and booted for it. B. Jonson.

2. To punish by kicking with a booted foot. [U. S.]

BOOT
Boot, v. i.

Defn: To boot one's self; to put on one's boots.

BOOT
Boot, n.

Defn: Booty; spoil. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

BOOTBLACK
Boot"black` (, n.

Defn: One who blacks boots.

BOOTED
Boot"ed, a.

1. Wearing boots, especially boots with long tops, as for riding; as, a booted squire.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having an undivided, horny, bootlike covering; — said of the tarsus of some birds.

BOOTEE
Boot*ee", n.

Defn: A half boot or short boot.

BOOTES; BOOETES
Bo*ö"tes, n. Etym: [L. Bootes, Gr. herdsman, fr. , gen. , ox, cow.]
(Astron.)

Defn: A northern constellation, containing the bright star Arcturus.

BOOTH Booth, n. Etym: [OE. bothe; cf. Icel. b, Dan. & Sw. bod, MHG. buode, G. bude, baude; from the same root as AS. b to dwell, E. boor, bower, be; cf. Bohem. bauda, Pol. buda, Russ. budka, Lith. buda, W. bwth, pl. bythod, Gael. buth, Ir. both.]

1. A house or shed built of boards, boughs, or other slight materials, for temporary occupation. Camden.

2. A covered stall or temporary structure in a fair or market, or at a polling place.

BOOTHALE
Boot"hale`, v. t. & i. Etym: [Boot, for booty + hale.]

Defn: To forage for booty; to plunder. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BOOTHOSE
Boot"hose`, n.

1. Stocking hose, or spatterdashes, in lieu of boots. Shak.

2. Hose made to be worn with boots, as by travelers on horseback. Sir W. Scott.

BOOTHY
Booth"y, n.

Defn: See Bothy.

BOOTIKIN
Boot"i*kin, n. Etym: [Boot + -kin.]

1. A little boot, legging, or gaiter.

2. A covering for the foot or hand, worn as a cure for the gout. H. Walpole.

BOOTING
Boot"ing, n.

Defn: Advantage; gain; gain by plunder; booty. [Obs.] Sir. J.
Harrington.

BOOTING
Boot"ing, n.

1. A kind of torture. See Boot, n., 2.

2. A kicking, as with a booted foot. [U. S.]

BOOTJACK
Boot"jack` (, n.

Defn: A device for pulling off boots.

BOOTLESS
Boot"less, a. Etym: [From Boot profit.]

Defn: Unavailing; unprofitable; useless; without advantage or
success. Chaucer.
I'll follow him no more with bootless prayers. Shak.
— Boot"less*ly, adv.
— Boot"less*ness, n.

BOOTLICK
Boot"lick` (, n.

Defn: A toady. [Low, U. S.] Bartlett.

BOOTMAKER
Boot"mak`er, n.

Defn: One who makes boots.
— Boot"mak`ing, n.

BOOTS
Boots, n.

Defn: A servant at a hotel or elsewhere, who cleans and blacks the boots and shoes.

BOOTTOPPING
Boot"top`ping, n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The act or process of daubing a vessel's bottom near the surface of the water with a mixture of tallow, sulphur, and resin, as a temporary protection against worms, after the slime, shells, etc., have been scraped off.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Sheathing a vessel with planking over felt.

BOOTTREE
Boot"tree`, n. Etym: [Boot + tree wood, timber.]

Defn: An instrument to stretch and widen the leg of a boot, consisting of two pieces, together shaped like a leg, between which, when put into the boot, a wedge is driven. The pretty boots trimly stretched on boottrees. Thackeray.

BOOTY Boo"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. b exchange, barter, Sw. byte barter, booty, Dan. bytte; akin to D. buit booty, G. beute, and fr. Icel. byta, Sw. byta, Dan. bytte, to distribute, exchange. The Scandinavian word was influenced in English by boot profit.]

Defn: That which is seized by violence or obtained by robbery, especially collective spoil taken in war; plunder; pillage. Milton. To play booty, to play dishonestly, with an intent to lose; to allow one's adversary to win at cards at first, in order to induce him to continue playing and victimize him afterwards. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

BOOZE
Booze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Boozed; p. pr. & vb. n. Boozing.] Etym:
[D. buizen; akin to G. bausen, and perh. fr. D. buis tube, channel,
bus box, jar.]

Defn: To drink greedily or immoderately, esp. alcoholic liquor; to tipple. [Written also bouse, and boose.] Landor. This is better than boozing in public houses. H. R. Haweis.

BOOZE
Booze, n.

Defn: A carouse; a drinking. Sir W. Scott.

BOOZER
Booz"er, n.

Defn: One who boozes; a toper; a guzzler of alcoholic liquors; a bouser.

BOOZY
Booz"y, a.

Defn: A little intoxicated; fuddled; stupid with liquor; bousy.
[Colloq.] C. Kingsley.

BOPEEP
Bo*peep", n. Etym: [Bo + peep.]

Defn: The act of looking out suddenly, as from behind a screen, so as to startle some one (as by children in play), or of looking out and drawing suddenly back, as if frightened. I for sorrow sung, That such a king should play bopeep, And go the fools among. Shak.

BORABLE
Bor"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bored. [R.]

BORACHTE Bo*rach"te, n. Etym: [Sp. borracha a leather bottle for wine, borracho drunk, fr. borra a lamb.]

Defn: A large leather bottle for liquors, etc., made of the skin of a goat or other animal. Hence: A drunkard. [Obs.] You're an absolute borachio. Congreve.

BORACIC
Bo*rac"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. boracique. See Borax.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced from, borax; containing boron; boric; as, boracic acid.

BORACITE
Bo"ra*cite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a white or gray color occurring massive and in isometric crystals; in composition it is a magnesium borate with magnesium chloride.

BORACOUS
Bo"ra*cous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to, or obtained from, borax; containing borax.

BORAGE Bor"age, n. Etym: [OE. borage (cf. F. bourrache, It. borraggine, borrace, LL. borago, borrago, LGr. ), fr. LL. borra, F. bourre, hair of beasts, flock; so called from its hairy leaves.] (Bot.)

Defn: A mucilaginous plant of the genus Borago (B. officinalis), which is used, esp. in France, as a demulcent and diaphoretic.

BORAGEWORT
Bor"age*wort`, n.

Defn: Plant of the Borage family.

BORAGINACEOUS
Bo*rag`i*na"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a family of plants (Boraginaceæ) which includes the borage, heliotrope, beggar's lice, and many pestiferous plants.

BORAGINEOUS
Bor`a*gin"e*ous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Relating to the Borage tribe; boraginaceous.

BORAMEZ
Bor"a*mez, n.

Defn: See Barometz.

BORATE
Bo"rate, n. Etym: [From Boric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical.

BORAX
Bo"rax, n. Etym: [OE. boras, fr. F. borax, earlier spelt borras; cf.
LL. borax, Sp. borraj; all fr. Ar. b, fr. Pers. b.]

Defn: A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O. Borax bead. (Chem.) See Bead, n., 3.

BORBORYGM Bor"bo*rygm, n. Etym: [F. borborygme, fr. Gr. , fr. to rumble in the bowels.] (Med.)

Defn: A rumbling or gurgling noise produced by wind in the bowels. Dunglison.

BORD
Bord, n. Etym: [See Board, n.]

1. A board; a table. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The face of coal parallel to the natural fissures.

BORD
Bord, n.

Defn: See Bourd. [Obs.] Spenser.

BORDAGE
Bord"age, n. Etym: [LL. bordagium.]

Defn: The base or servile tenure by which a bordar held his cottage.

BORDAR Bord"ar, n. Etym: [LL. bordarius, fr. borda a cottage; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A villein who rendered menial service for his cottage; a
cottier.
The cottar, the bordar, and the laborer were bound to aid in the work
of the home farm. J. R. Green.

BORDEAUX
Bor*deaux", a.

Defn: Pertaining to Bordeaux in the south of France.
— n.

Defn: A claret wine from Bordeaux.

BORDEAUX MIXTURE
Bor*deaux" mix"ture. (Hort.)

Defn: A fungicidal mixture composed of blue vitriol, lime, and water. The formula in common use is: blue vitriol, 6 lbs.; lime, 4 lbs.; water, 35 — 50 gallons.

BORDEL; BORDELLO
Bor"del, Bor*del"lo, n. Etym: [F. bordel, orig. a little hut, OF.
borde hut, cabin, of German origin, and akin to E. board,n.See.
Board, n.]

Defn: A brothel; a bawdyhouse; a house devoted to prostitution.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

BORDELAIS
Bor`de*lais", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bordeaux, in France, or to the district around Bordeaux.

BORDELLER
Bor"del*ler, n.

Defn: A keeper or a frequenter of a brothel. [Obs.] Gower.

BORDER Bor"der, n. Etym: [OE. bordure, F. bordure, fr. border to border, fr. bord a border; of German origin; cf. MHG. borte border, trimming, G. borte trimming, ribbon; akin to E. board in sense 8. See Board, n., and cf. Bordure.]

1. The outer part or edge of anything, as of a garment, a garden, etc.; margin; verge; brink. Upon the borders of these solitudes. Bentham. In the borders of death. Barrow.

2. A boundary; a frontier of a state or of the settled part of a country; a frontier district.

3. A strip or stripe arranged along or near the edge of something, as an ornament or finish.

4. A narrow flower bed. Border land, land on the frontiers of two adjoining countries; debatable land; — often used figuratively; as, the border land of science. — The Border, The Borders, specifically, the frontier districts of Scotland and England which lie adjacent. — Over the border, across the boundary line or frontier.

Syn.
— Edge; verge; brink; margin; brim; rim; boundary; confine.

BORDER
Bor"der, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bordered; p. pr. & vb. n. Bordering.]

1. To touch at the edge or boundary; to be contiguous or adjacent; — with on or upon as, Connecticut borders on Massachusetts.

2. To approach; to come near to; to verge. Wit which borders upon profaneness deserves to be branded as folly. Abp. Tillotson.

BORDER
Bor"der, v. t.

1. To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden.

2. To be, or to have, contiguous to; to touch, or be touched, as by a border; to be, or to have, near the limits or boundary; as, the region borders a forest, or is bordered on the north by a forest. The country is bordered by a broad tract called the "hot region." Prescott. Shebah and Raamah . . . border the sea called the Persian gulf. Sir W. Raleigh.

3. To confine within bounds; to limit. [Obs.] That nature, which contemns its origin, Can not be bordered certain in itself. Shak.

BORDEREAU
Bor`de*reau", n.; pl. Bordereaux (#). [F.]

Defn: A note or memorandum, esp. one containing an enumeration of documents.

BORDERER
Bor"der*er, n.

Defn: One who dwells on a border, or at the extreme part or confines
of a country, region, or tract of land; one who dwells near to a
place or region.
Borderers of the Caspian. Dyer.

BORDLAND
Bord"land`, n. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + land.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Either land held by a bordar, or the land which a lord kept for the maintenance of his board, or table. Spelman.

BORDLODE
Bord"lode`, n. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + lode leading.]
(O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The service formerly required of a tenant, to carry timber from the woods to the lord's house. Bailey. Mozley & W.

BORDMAN
Bord"man, n. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + man.]

Defn: A bordar; a tenant in bordage.

BORDRAG; BORDRAGING Bord"rag, Bord"ra`ging, n. Etym: [Perh. from OE. bord, for border + raging. Cf. Bodrage.]

Defn: An incursion upon the borders of a country; a raid. [Obs.]
Spenser.

BORD SERVICE
Bord" serv`ice. Etym: [Bordar (or perh. bord a board) + service.] (O.
Eng. Law)

Defn: Service due from a bordar; bordage.

BORDURE
Bor"dure, n. Etym: [F. bordure. See Border, n.] (Her.)

Defn: A border one fifth the width of the shield, surrounding the field. It is usually plain, but may be charged.

BORE Bore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bored; p. pr. & vb. n. Boring.] Etym: [OE. borien, AS. borian; akin to Icel. bora, Dan. bore, D. boren, OHG. por, G. bohren, L. forare, Gr. to plow, Zend bar. sq. root91.]

1. To perforate or penetrate, as a solid body, by turning an auger, gimlet, drill, or other instrument; to make a round hole in or through; to pierce; as, to bore a plank. I'll believe as soon this whole earth may be bored. Shak.

2. To form or enlarge by means of a boring instrument or apparatus; as, to bore a steam cylinder or a gun barrel; to bore a hole. Short but very powerful jaws, by means whereof the insect can bore, as with a centerbit, a cylindrical passage through the most solid wood. T. W. Harris.

3. To make (a passage) by laborious effort, as in boring; as, to bore one's way through a crowd; to force a narrow and difficult passage through. "What bustling crowds I bored." Gay.

4. To weary by tedious iteration or by dullness; to tire; to trouble; to vex; to annoy; to pester. He bores me with some trick. Shak. Used to come and bore me at rare intervals. Carlyle.

5. To befool; to trick. [Obs.] I am abused, betrayed; I am laughed at, scorned, Baffled and bored, it seems. Beau. & Fl.

BORE
Bore, v. i.

1. To make a hole or perforation with, or as with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool; as, to bore for water or oil (i. e., to sink a well by boring for water or oil); to bore with a gimlet; to bore into a tree (as insects).

2. To be pierced or penetrated by an instrument that cuts as it turns; as, this timber does not bore well, or is hard to bore.

3. To push forward in a certain direction with laborious effort. They take their flight . . . boring to the west. Dryden.

4. (Ma

Defn: To shoot out the nose or toss it in the air; Crabb.

BORE
Bore, n.

1. A hole made by boring; a perforation.

2. The internal cylindrical cavity of a gun, cannon, pistol, or other firearm, or of a pipe or tube. The bores of wind instruments. Bacon. Love's counselor should fill the bores of hearing. Shak.

3. The size of a hole; the interior diameter of a tube or gun barrel; the caliber.

4. A tool for making a hole by boring, as an auger.

5. Caliber; importance. [Obs.] Yet are they much too light for the bore of the matter. Shak.

6. A person or thing that wearies by prolixity or dullness; a tiresome person or affair; any person or thing which causes ennui. It is as great a bore as to hear a poet read his own verses. Hawthorne.

BORE Bore, n. Etym: [Icel. bara wave: cf. G. empor upwards, OHG. bor height, burren to lift, perh. allied to AS. beran, E. 1st bear. sq. root92.] (Physical Geog.) (a) A tidal flood which regularly or occasionally rushes into certain rivers of peculiar configuration or location, in one or more waves which present a very abrupt front of considerable height, dangerous to shipping, as at the mouth of the Amazon, in South America, the Hoogly and Indus, in India, and the Tsien-tang, in China. (b) Less properly, a very high and rapid tidal flow, when not so abrupt, such as occurs at the Bay of Fundy and in the British Channel.

BORE
Bore,

Defn: imp. of 1st & 2d Bear.

BOREAL
Bo"re*al, a. Etym: [L. borealis: cf. F. boréal. See Boreas.]

Defn: Northern; pertaining to the north, or to the north wind; as, a boreal bird; a boreal blast. So from their own clear north in radiant streams, Bright over Europe bursts the boreal morn. Thomson.

BOREAS
Bo"re*as, n. Etym: [L. boreas, Gr. .]

Defn: The north wind; — usually a personification.

BORECOLE
Bore"cole`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. boerenkool (lit.) husbandman's cabbage.]

Defn: A brassicaceous plant of many varieties, cultivated for its leaves, which are not formed into a compact head like the cabbage, but are loose, and are generally curled or wrinkled; kale.

BOREDOM
Bore"dom, n.

1. The state of being bored, or pestered; a state of ennui. Dickens.

2. The realm of bores; bores, collectively.

BOREE
Bo*ree", n.

Defn: Same as BourrÉ\'82. [Obs.] Swift.

BOREL
Bor"el, n.

Defn: See Borrel.

BORELE
Bor"e*le, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The smaller two-horned rhinoceros of South Africa (Atelodus bicornis).

BORER
Bor"er, n.

1. One that bores; an instrument for boring.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A marine, bivalve mollusk, of the genus Teredo and allies, which burrows in wood. See Teredo. (b) Any bivalve mollusk (Saxicava, Lithodomus, etc.) which bores into limestone and similar substances. (c) One of the larvæ of many species of insects, which penetrate trees, as the apple, peach, pine, etc. See Apple borer, under Apple. (d) The hagfish (Myxine).

BORIC
Bo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, boron. Boric acid, a white crystalline substance B(OH)3, easily obtained from its salts, and occurring in solution in the hot lagoons of Tuscany.

BORIDE
Bo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of boron with a more positive or basic element or radical; — formerly called boruret.

BORING
Bor"ing, n.

1. The act or process of one who, or that which, bores; as, the boring of cannon; the boring of piles and ship timbers by certain marine mollusks. One of the most important applications of boring is in the formation of artesian wells. Tomlinson.

2. A hole made by boring.

3. pl.

Defn: The chips or fragments made by boring. Boring bar, a revolving or stationary bar, carrying one or more cutting tools for dressing round holes. — Boring tool (Metal Working), a cutting tool placed in a cutter head to dress round holes. Knight.

BORN
Born, p. p. & a. Etym: [See Bear, v. t.]

1. Brought forth, as an animal; brought into life; introduced by birth. No one could be born into slavery in Mexico. Prescott.

2. Having from birth a certain character; by or from birth; by nature; innate; as, a born liar. "A born matchmaker." W. D. Howells. Born again (Theol.), regenerated; renewed; having received spiritual life. "Except a man be born again, he can not see the kingdom of God." John iii. 3. — Born days, days since one was born; lifetime. [Colloq.]

BORNE
Borne, p. p. of Bear.

Defn: Carried; conveyed; supported; defrayed. See Bear, v. t.

BORNEOL
Bor"ne*ol, n. Etym: [Borneo + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol.

BORNITE
Bor"nite, n. Etym: [Named after Von Born, a mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A valuable ore of copper, containing copper, iron, and sulphur; — also called purple copper ore (or erubescite), in allusion to the colors shown upon the slightly tarnished surface.

BOROFLUORIDE
Bo`ro*flu"or*ide, n. Etym: [Boron + fluoride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double fluoride of boron and hydrogen, or some other positive element, or radical; — called also fluoboride, and formerly fluoborate.

BOROGLYCERIDE
Bo"ro*glyc"er*ide, n. Etym: [Boron + glyceride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of boric acid and glycerin, used as an antiseptic.

BORON
Bo"ron, n. Etym: [See Borax.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetallic element occurring abundantly in borax. It is reduced with difficulty to the free state, when it can be obtained in several different forms; viz., as a substance of a deep olive color, in a semimetallic form, and in colorless quadratic crystals similar to the diamond in hardness and other properties. It occurs in nature also in boracite, datolite, tourmaline, and some other minerals. Atomic weight 10.9. Symbol B.

BOROSILICATE
Bo"ro*sil"i*cate, n. Etym: [Boron + silicate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A double salt of boric and silicic acids, as in the natural minerals tourmaline, datolite, etc.

BOROUGH Bor"ough, n. Etym: [OE. burgh, burw, boru, port, town, burrow, AS. burh, burg; akin to Icel., Sw., & Dan. borg, OS. & D. burg, OHG. puruc, purc, MHG. burc, G. burg, Goth. baúrgs; and from the root of AS. beorgan to hide, save, defend, G. bergen; or perh. from that of AS. beorg hill, mountain. Bury, v. t., and cf. Burrow, Burg, Bury, n., Burgess, Iceberg, Borrow, Harbor, Hauberk.]

1. In England, an incorporated town that is not a city; also, a town that sends members to parliament; in Scotland, a body corporate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district, erected by the sovereign, with a certain jurisdiction; in America, an incorporated town or village, as in Pennsylvania and Connecticut. Burrill. Erskine.

2. The collective body of citizens or inhabitants of a borough; as, the borough voted to lay a tax. Close borough, or Pocket borough, a borough having the right of sending a member to Parliament, whose nomination is in the hands of a single person. — Rotten borough, a name given to any borough which, at the time of the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832, contained but few voters, yet retained the privilege of sending a member to Parliament.

BOROUGH Bor"ough, n. Etym: [See Borrow.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) An association of men who gave pledges or sureties to the king for the good behavior of each other. (b) The pledge or surety thus given. Blackstone. Tomlins.

BOROUGH-ENGLISH
Bor"ough-Eng"lish, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A custom, as in some ancient boroughs, by which lands and tenements descend to the youngest son, instead of the eldest; or, if the owner have no issue, to the youngest brother. Blackstone.

BOROUGHHEAD
Bor"ough*head`, n.

Defn: See Headborough. [Obs.]

BOROUGHHOLDER
Bor"ough*hold"er, n.

Defn: A headborough; a borsholder.

BOROUGHMASTER
Bor"ough*mas"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. Burgomaster.]

Defn: The mayor, governor, or bailiff of a borough.

BOROUGHMONGER
Bor"ough*mon"ger, n.

Defn: One who buys or sells the parliamentary seats of boroughs.

BOROUGHMONGERING; BOROUGHMONGERY
Bor"ough*mon"ger*ing, Bor"ough*mon"ger*y, n.

Defn: The practices of a boroughmonger.

BORRACHO
Bor*rach"o, n.

Defn: See Borachio. [Obs.]

BORRAGE; BORRAGINACEOUS
Bor"rage, n., Bor*rag`i*na"ceous (, a., etc.

Defn: See Borage, n., etc.

BORREL Bor"rel, n. Etym: [OF. burel a kind of coarse woolen cloth, fr. F. bure drugget. See Bureau. Rustic and common people dressed in this cloth, which was prob. so called from its color.]

1. Coarse woolen cloth; hence, coarse clothing; a garment. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A kind of light stuff, of silk and wool.

BORREL
Bor"rel, a. Etym: [Prob. from Borrel, n.]

Defn: Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BORROW
Bor"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Borrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Borrowing.]
Etym: [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D.
borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]

1. To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; — the opposite of lend.

2. (Arith.)

Defn: To take (one or more) from the next higher denomination in order to add it to the next lower; — a term of subtraction when the figure of the subtrahend is larger than the corresponding one of the minuend.

3. To copy or imitate; to adopt; as, to borrow the style, manner, or opinions of another. Rites borrowed from the ancients. Macaulay. It is not hard for any man, who hath a Bible in his hands, to borrow good words and holy sayings in abundance; but to make them his own is a work of grace only from above. Milton.

4. To feign or counterfeit. "Borrowed hair." Spenser. The borrowed majesty of England. Shak.

5. To receive; to take; to derive. Any drop thou borrowedst from thy mother. Shak. To borrow trouble, to be needlessly troubled; to be overapprehensive.

BORROW
Bor"row, n.

1. Something deposited as security; a pledge; a surety; a hostage. [Obs.] Ye may retain as borrows my two priests. Sir W. Scott.

2. The act of borrowing. [Obs.] Of your royal presence I'll adventure The borrow of a week. Shak.

BORROWER
Bor"row*er, n.

Defn: One who borrows.
Neither a borrower nor a lender be. Shak.

BORSHOLDER Bors"hold`er, n. Etym: [OE. borsolder; prob. fr. AS. borg, gen. borges, pledge + ealdor elder. See Borrow, and Elder, a.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: The head or chief of a tithing, or borough (see 2d Borough); the headborough; a parish constable. Spelman.

BORT
Bort, n.

Defn: Imperfectly crystallized or coarse diamonds, or fragments made in cutting good diamonds which are reduced to powder and used in lapidary work.

BORURET
Bo"ru*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A boride. [Obs.]

BORWE
Bor"we, n.

Defn: Pledge; borrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOS
Bos, n. Etym: [L., ox, cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of ruminant quadrupeds, including the wild and domestic cattle, distinguished by a stout body, hollow horns, and a large fold of skin hanging from the neck.

BOSA
Bo"sa, n. Etym: [Ar. b, Pers. b: cf. F. bosan.]

Defn: A drink, used in the East. See Boza.

BOSCAGE Bos"cage, n. Etym: [OF. boscage grove, F. bocage, fr. LL. boscus, buscus, thicket, wood. See 1st Bush.]

1. A growth of trees or shrubs; underwood; a thicket; thick foliage; a wooded landscape.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Food or sustenance for cattle, obtained from bushes and trees; also, a tax on wood.

BOSH Bosh, n. Etym: [Cf. G. posse joke, trifle; It. bozzo a rough stone, bozzetto a rough sketch, s-bozzo a rough draught, sketch.]

Defn: Figure; outline; show. [Obs.]

BOSH
Bosh, n. Etym: [Turk.]

Defn: Empty talk; contemptible nonsense; trash; humbug. [Colloq.]

BOSH
Bosh, n.; pl. Boshes. Etym: [Cf. G. böschung a slope.]

1. One of the sloping sides of the lower part of a blast furnace; also, one of the hollow iron or brick sides of the bed of a puddling or boiling furnace.

2. pl.

Defn: The lower part of a blast furnace, which slopes inward, or the widest space at the top of this part.

3. In forging and smelting, a trough in which tools and ingots are cooled.

BOSHBOK
Bosh"bok, n. Etym: [D. bosch wood + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of antelope. See Bush buck.

BOSHVARK
Bosh"vark, n. Etym: [D. bosch wood + varken pig.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bush hog. See under Bush, a thicket.

BOSJESMAN
Bos"jes*man, n.

Defn: ; pl. Bosjesmans. [D. boschjesman.]

Defn: See Bushman.

BOSK
Bosk, n. Etym: [See Bosket.]

Defn: A thicket; a small wood. "Through bosk and dell." Sir W. Scott.

BOSKAGE
Bos"kage, n.

Defn: Same as Boscage.
Thridding the somber boskage of the wood. Tennyson.

BOSKET; BOSQUET Bos"ket, Bos"quet, n. Etym: [F. bosquet a little wood, dim. fr. LL. boscus. See Boscage, and cf. Bouquet.] (Gardening)

Defn: A grove; a thicket; shrubbery; an inclosure formed by branches of trees, regularly or irregularly disposed.

BOSKINESS
Bosk"i*ness, n.

Defn: Boscage; also, the state or quality of being bosky.

BOSKY
Bosk"y, a. Etym: [Cf. Bushy.]

1. Woody or bushy; covered with boscage or thickets. Milton.

2. Caused by boscage. Darkened over by long bosky shadows. H. James.

BOSOM Bos"om, n. Etym: [AS. b; akin to D. bozem, Fries. b, OHG. puosum, G. busen, and prob. E. bough.]

1. The breast of a human being; the part, between the arms, to which anything is pressed when embraced by them. You must prepare your bosom for his knife. Shak.

2. The breast, considered as the seat of the passions, affections, and operations of the mind; consciousness; se Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I know Wherefore they do it. Shak. If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom. Job xxxi. 33.

3. Embrace; loving or affectionate inclosure; fold. Within the bosom of that church. Hooker.

4. Any thing or place resembling the breast; a supporting surface; an inner recess; the interior; as, the bosom of the earth. "The bosom of the ocean." Addison.

5. The part of the dress worn upon the breast; an article, or a portion of an article, of dress to be worn upon the breast; as, the bosom of a shirt; a linen bosom. He put his hand into his bosom: and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as snow. Ex. iv. 6.

6. Inclination; desire. [Obs.] Shak.

7. A depression round the eye of a millstone. Knight.

BOSOM
Bos"om, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the bosom.

2. Intimate; confidential; familiar; trusted; cherished; beloved; as, a bosom friend.

BOSOM
Bos"om, v. t. [p. & p. p. Bosomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bosoming.]

1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish. Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. Shak.

2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom. To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. Pope.

BOSOMED
Bos"omed, a.

Defn: Having, or resembling, bosom; kept in the bosom; hidden.

BOSOMY
Bos"om*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by recesses or sheltered hollows.

BOSON
Bo"son, n.

Defn: See Boatswain. [Obs.] Dryden.

BOSPORIAN Bos*po"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Bosporus, G. , lit., ox-ford, the ox's or heifer's ford, on account of Io's passage here as a heifer; fr. ox, heifer + ford.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Thracian or the Cimmerian Bosporus. The Alans forced the Bosporian kings to pay them tribute and exterminated the Taurians. Tooke.

BOSPORUS
Bos"po*rus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A strait or narrow sea between two seas, or a lake and a seas; as, the Bosporus (formerly the Thracian Bosporus) or Strait of Constantinople, between the Black Sea and Sea of Marmora; the Cimmerian Bosporus, between the Black Sea and Sea of Azof. [Written also Bosphorus.]

BOSQUET
Bos"quet, n.

Defn: See Bosket.

BOSS
Boss, n.; pl. Bosses. Etym: [OE. boce, bose, boche, OF. boce, boche,
bosse, F. bosse, of G. origin; cf. OHG. bozo tuft, bunch, OHG. bozan,
MHG. bôzen, to beat. See Beat, and cf. Botch a swelling.]

1. Any protuberant part; a round, swelling part or body; a knoblike process; as, a boss of wood.

2. A protuberant ornament on any work, either of different material from that of the work or of the same, as upon a buckler or bridle; a stud; a knob; the central projection of a shield. See Umbilicus.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A projecting ornament placed at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat, and in other situations.

4. Etym: [Cf. D. bus box, Dan. bösse.]

Defn: A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder. Gwilt.

5. (Mech.) (a) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a wheel is keyed, or at the end, where it is coupled to another. (b) A swage or die used for shaping metals.

6. A head or reservoir of water. [Obs.]

BOSS
Boss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bossed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bossing.] Etym:
[OE. bocen, fr. OF. bocier. See the preceding word.]

Defn: To ornament with bosses; to stud.

BOSS
Boss, n. Etym: [D. baas master.]

Defn: A master workman or superintendent; a director or manager; a political dictator. [Slang, U. S.]

BOSSAGE
Boss"age, n. Etym: [F. bossage, fr. bosse. See Boss a stud.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A stone in a building, left rough and projecting, to be afterward carved into shape. Gwilt.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Rustic work, consisting of stones which seem to advance beyond the level of the building, by reason of indentures or channels left in the joinings. Gwilt.

BOSSED
Bossed, a.

Defn: Embossed; also, bossy.

BOSSET
Bos"set, n. Etym: [Cf. Boss a stud.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rudimental antler of a young male of the red deer.

BOSSISM
Boss"ism, n.

Defn: The rule or practices of bosses, esp. political bosses. [Slang,
U. S.]

BOSSY
Boss"y, a.

Defn: Ornamented with bosses; studded.

BOSSY Bos"sy, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Prov. E. boss in boss-calf, buss-calf, for boose-calf, prop., a calf kept in the stall. See 1st Boose.]

Defn: A cow or calf; — familiarly so called. [U. S.]

BOSTON
Bos"ton, n.

Defn: A game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards each; — said to be so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and to have been invented by officers of the French army in America during the Revolutionary war.

BOSTRYX
Bos"tryx, n. [NL.; irreg. fr. Gr. a curl.] (Bot.)

Defn: A form of cymose inflorescence with all the flowers on one side of the rachis, usually causing it to curl; — called also a uniparous helicoid cyme.

BOSWELLIAN
Bos*well"i*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or characteristic of, Boswell, the biographer of
Dr. Johnson.

BOSWELLISM
Bos"well*ism, n.

Defn: The style of Boswell.

BOT
Bot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bots.

BOTANIC; BOTANICAL
Bo*tan"ic, Bo*tan"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. botanique. See Botany.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants; as, a botanical system, arrangement, textbook, expedition. — Botan"ic*al*ly, adv. Botanic garden, a garden devoted to the culture of plants collected for the purpose of illustrating the science of botany. — Botanic physician, a physician whose medicines consist chiefly of herbs and roots.

BOTANIST
Bot"a*nist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. botaniste.]

Defn: One skilled in botany; one versed in the knowledge of plants.

BOTANIZE
Bot"a*nize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Botanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Botanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. botaniser.]

Defn: To seek after plants for botanical investigation; to study plants.

BOTANIZE
Bot"a*nize, v. t.

Defn: To explore for botanical purposes.

BOTANIZER
Bot"a*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who botanizes.

BOTANOLOGER
Bot`a*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A botanist. [Obs.]

BOTANOLOGY
Bot`a*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Botany + -logy: cf. F. botanologie.]

Defn: The science of botany. [Obs.] Bailey.

BOTANOMANCY
Bot"a*no*man`cy, n. Etym: [Botany + -mancy: cf. F. botanomantie.]

Defn: An ancient species of divination by means of plants, esp. sage and fig leaves.

BOTANY Bot"a*ny, n.; pl. Botanies. Etym: [F. botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr. botanic, fr. herb, plant, fr. to feed, graze.]

1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See Plant.

2. A book which treats of the science of botany.

Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as, Structural Botany, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; Physiological Botany, the study of their functions and life; and Systematic Botany, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc.

BOTANY BAY
Bot"a*ny Bay".

Defn: A harbor on the east coast of Australia, and an English convict settlement there; — so called from the number of new plants found on its shore at its discovery by Cook in 1770.

Note: Hence, any place to which desperadoes resort. Botany Bay kino (Med.), an astringent, reddish substance consisting of the inspissated juice of several Australian species of Eucalyptus. — Botany Bay resin (Med.), a resin of reddish yellow color, resembling gamboge, the product of different Australian species of Xanthorrhæa, esp. the grass three (X. hastilis.)

BOTARGO Bo*tar"go, n. Etym: [It. bottarga, bottarica; or Sp. botarga; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide breeches: cf. F. boutargue.]

Defn: A sort of cake or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink.

BOTCH Botch, n.; pl. Botches. Etym: [Same as Boss a stud. For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. botsen to beat, akin to E. beat.]

1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease. [Obs. or Dial.] Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton.

2. A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched or mended in a clumsy manner.

3. Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the doing, or not properly finished; a bungle. To leave no rubs nor botches in the work. Shak.

BOTCH
Botch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Botched; p. pr. & vb. n. Botching.] Etym:
[See Botch, n.]

1. To mark with, or as with, botches. Young Hylas, botched with stains. Garth.

2. To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or imperfect manner, as a garment; — sometimes with up. Sick bodies . . . to be kept and botched up for a time. Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by unskillful work. For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane. Dryden.

BOTCHEDLY
Botch"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clumsy manner.

BOTCHER
Botch"er, n.

1. One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler. Shak.

2. A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon; a grilse.

BOTCHERLY
Botch"er*ly, a.

Defn: Bungling; awkward. [R.]

BOTCHERY
Botch"er*y, n.

Defn: A botching, or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless workmanship.

BOTCHY
Botch"y, a.

Defn: Marked with botches; full of botches; poorly done. "This botchy business." Bp. Watson.

BOTE Bote, n. Etym: [Old form of boot; — used in composition. See 1st Boot.] (Law) (a) Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; as, man bote, a compensation or a man slain. (b) Payment of any kind. Bouvier. (c) A privilege or allowance of necessaries.

Note: This word is still used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, supplies, necessaries; as, housebote, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or for fuel, sometimes called firebote; so plowbote, cartbote, wood for making or repairing instruments of husbandry; haybote or hedgebote, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system. Burrill. Bouvier. Blackstone.

BOTELESS
Bote"less, a.

Defn: Unavailing; in vain. See Bootless.

BOTFLY
Bot"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous insect of the family (Estridæ, of many different species, some of which are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse, ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species is one of the botflies of the horse (Gastrophilus equi), the larvæ of which (bots) are taken into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the stomach. See Gadfly.

BOTH Both, a. or pron. Etym: [OE. bothe, ba, fr. Icel. ba; akin to Dan. baade, Sw. båda, Goth. baj, OHG. beid, b, G. & D. beide, also AS. begen, ba, b, Goth. bai, and Gr. , L. ambo, Lith. abà, OSlav. oba, Skr. ubha. sq. root310. Cf. Amb-.]

Defn: The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of either.

Note: It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used substantively, and followed by of.

Note: It frequently stands as a pronoun. She alone is heir to both of us. Shak. Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 27. He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both. Bolingbroke.

Note: It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns.
Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes. Shak.
This said, they both betook them several ways. Milton.

Note: Both now always precedes any other attributive words; as, both their armies; both our eyes.

Note: Both of is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, both of us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is colloquial, both (without of) being the preferred form; as, both the brothers.

BOTH
Both, conj.

Defn: As well; not only; equally.

Note: Both precedes the first of two coördinate words or phrases, and is followed by and before the other, both . . . and . . . ; as well the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two coördinate words, connected by and expressed or understood. To judge both quick and dead. Milton. A masterpiece both for argument and style. Goldsmith. To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene. Chaucer. Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound. Goldsmith. He prayeth well who loveth well Both man and bird and beast. Coleridge.

BOTHER
Both"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bothered (p. pr. & vb. n. Bothering.]
Etym: [Cf. Ir. buaidhirt trouble, buaidhrim I vex.]

Defn: To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See Pother.

Note: The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly imprecatory.

BOTHER
Both"er, v. i.

Defn: To feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be
troublesome.
Without bothering about it. H. James.

BOTHER
Both"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; as, to be in a bother.

BOTHERATION
Both`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.]

BOTHERER
Both"er*er, n.

Defn: One who bothers.

BOTHERSOME
Both"er*some, a.

Defn: Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome.

BOTH-HANDS
Both"-hands`, n.

Defn: A factotum. [R.]
He is his master's both-hands, I assure you. B. Jonson.

BOTHIE
Both"ie, n.

Defn: Same as Bothy. [Scot.]

BOTHNIAN; BOTHNIC
Both"ni*an, Both"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea.

BOTHRENCHYMA Both*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. pit + something poured in. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in many kinds of wood.

BOTHY; BOOTHY
Both"y Booth"y n.; pl. -ies Etym: [Scottish. Cf. Booth.]

Defn: A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a booth. [Scot.]

BOTOCUDOS Bo`to*cu"dos, n. pl. Etym: [Pg. botoque stopple. So called because they wear a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.]

Defn: A Brazilian tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; - - also called Aymborés.

BO TREE
Bo" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at
Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under which
Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so to have
become Buddha.
The sacred bo tree of the Buddhists (Ficus religiosa), which is
planted close to every temple, and attracts almost as much veneration
as the status of the god himself. . . . It differs from the banyan
(Ficus Indica) by sending down no roots from its branches. Tennent.

BOTRYOGEN
Bot"ry*o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -gen.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red color. It often occurs in botryoidal form.

BOTRYOID; BOTRYOIDAL
Bot"ry*oid, Bot`ry*oid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal prominences.

BOTRYOLITE
Bot"ry*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of datolite, usually having a botryoidal structure.

BOTRYOSE Bot"ry*ose`, a. (Bot.) (a) Having the form of a cluster of grapes. (b) Of the racemose or acropetal type of inflorescence. Gray.

BOTS
Bots, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Gael. botus belly worm, boiteag maggot.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The larvæ of several species of botfly, especially those larvæ which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the cause of various ailments. [Written also botts.]

Note: See Illust. of Botfly.

BOTTINE
Bot*tine", n. Etym: [F. See Boot (for the foot.).]

1. A small boot; a lady's boot.

2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower extremities of children. Dunglison.

BOTTLE
Bot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bote, botelle, OF. botel, bouteille, F.
bouteille, fr. LL. buticula, dim. of butis, buttis, butta, flask. Cf.
Butt a cask.]

1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids.

2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; as, to drink a bottle of wine.

3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown one's reason in the bottle.

Note: Bottle is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Bottle ale, bottled ale. [Obs.] Shak. — Bottle brush, a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of bottles. — Bottle fish (Zoöl.), a kind of deep-sea eel (Saccopharynx ampullaceus), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow fishes two or three times its won size. — Bottle flower. (Bot.) Same as Bluebottle. — Bottle glass, a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles. Ure. — Bottle gourd (Bot.), the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria Vulgaris), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc. — Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious fodder grass (Setaria glauca and S. viridis); — called also foxtail, and green foxtail. — Bottle tit (Zoöl.), the European long-tailed titmouse; — so called from the shape of its nest. — Bottle tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Sterculia rupestris), with a bottle-shaped, or greatly swollen, trunk. — Feeding bottle, Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants.

BOTTLE
Bot"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bottled p. pr. & vb. n. Bottling.]

Defn: To put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or porter; to bottle up one's wrath.

BOTTLE Bot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. botel, OF. botel, dim. of F. botte; cf. OHG. bozo bunch. See Boss stud.]

Defn: A bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Shak.

BOTTLED
Bot"tled, a.

1. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a bottle.

2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant. Shak.

BOTTLE GREEN
Bot"tle green`

Defn: A dark shade of green, like that of bottle glass.
— Bot"tle-green`, a.

BOTTLEHEAD
Bot"tle*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cetacean allied to the grampus; — called also bottle-nosed whale.

Note: There are several species so named, as the pilot whales, of the genus Globicephalus, and one or more species of Hyperoödon (H. bidens, etc.), found on the European coast. See Blackfish, 1.

BOTTLEHOLDER
Bot"tle*hold`er, n.

1. One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; — so called from the bottle of water of which he has charge.

2. One who assists or supports another in a contest; an abettor; a backer. [Colloq.] Lord Palmerston considered himself the bottleholder of oppressed states. The London Times.

BOTTLE-NECK FRAME
Bot"tle-neck` frame". (Automobiles)

Defn: An inswept frame. [Colloq.]

BOTTLE-NOSE
Bot"tle-nose` (, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A cetacean of the Dolphin family, of several species, as Delphinus Tursio and Lagenorhyncus leucopleurus, of Europe.

2. The puffin.

BOTTLE-NOSED
Bot"tle-nosed` (, a.

Defn: Having the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end. Dickens.

BOTTLER
Bot"tler, n.

Defn: One who bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc.

BOTTLESCREW
Bot"tle*screw` n.

Defn: A corkscrew. Swift.

BOTTLING
Bot"tling n.

Defn: The act or the process of putting anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water, etc.) and corking the bottles.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, n. Etym: [OE. botum, botme, AS. botm; akin to OS. bodom, D. bodem, OHG. podam, G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw. botten, Dan. bund (for budn ), L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr.budhna (for bhudhna), and Ir. bonn sole of the foot, W. bon stem, base. Cf. 4th Found, Fund, n.]

1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page. Or dive into the bottom of the deep. Shak.

2. The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface. Barrels with the bottom knocked out. Macaulay. No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather bottoms and worsted bottoms. W. Irving.

3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.

4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea.

5. The fundament; the buttocks.

6. An abyss. [Obs.] Dryden.

7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley. "The bottoms and the high grounds." Stoddard.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship. My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. Shak. Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the same bottoms in which they were shipped. Bancroft. Full bottom, a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount of merchandise.

9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom.

10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment. Johnson. At bottom, At the bottom, at the foundation or basis; in reality. "He was at the bottom a good man." J. F. Cooper. — To be at the bottom of, to be the cause or originator of; to be the source of. [Usually in an opprobrious sense.] J. H. Newman. He was at the bottom of many excellent counsels. Addison. — To go to the bottom, to sink; esp. to be wrecked. — To touch bottom, to reach the lowest point; to find something on which to rest.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices. Bottom glade, a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale. Milton. -Bottom grass, grass growing on bottom lands. — Bottom land. See 1st Bottom, n., 7.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bottomed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bottoming.]

1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; — followed by on or upon. Action is supposed to be bottomed upon principle. Atterbury. Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many bottom their eternal state]. South.

2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair.

3. To reach or get to the bottom of. Smiles.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, v. i.

1. To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; — usually with on or upon. Find on what foundation any proposition bottoms. Locke.

2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, n. Etym: [OE. botme, perh. corrupt. for button. See Button.]

Defn: A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon. [Obs.]
Silkworms finish their bottoms in . . . fifteen days. Mortimer.

BOTTOM
Bot"tom, v. t.

Defn: To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.] As you unwind her love from him, Lest it should ravel and be good to none, You must provide to bottom it on me. Shak.

BOTTOMED
Bot"tomed, a.

Defn: Having at the bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; — mostly, in composition; as, sharp-bottomed; well- bottomed.

BOTTOM FERMENTATION
Bot"tom fer`men*ta"tion.

Defn: A slow alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells collect at the bottom of the fermenting liquid. It takes place at a temperature of 4º - 10º C. (39º - 50ºF.). It is used in making lager beer and wines of low alcohol content but fine bouquet.

BOTTOMLESS
Bot"tom*less, a.

Defn: Without a bottom; hence, fathomless; baseless; as, a bottomless abyss. "Bottomless speculations." Burke.

BOTTOMRY
Bot"tom*ry, n. Etym: [From 1st Bottom in sense 8: cf.D. bodemerij.
Cf. Bummery.] (Mar.Law)

Defn: A contract in the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed the legal rate of interest. See Hypothecation.

BOTTONY; BOTTONE Bot"ton*y, Bot"to*né, a. Etym: [F. boutonné, fr. boutonner to bud, button.] (Her.)

Defn: Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. Cross bottony (Her.), a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil.

BOTTS
Botts, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bots.

BOTULIFORM
Bot"u*li*form`, a. Etym: [L. botulus sausage + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of a sausage. Henslow.

BOUCHE
Bouche, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Bush, a lining.

BOUCHE
Bouche, v. t.

Defn: Same as Bush, to line.

BOUCHE; BOUCH
Bouche, Bouch, n. Etym: [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]

1. A mouth. [Obs.]

2. An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at court. [Obs.]

BOUCHEES
Bou`chées", n. pl. Etym: [F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. bouche mouth.]
(Cookery)

Defn: Small patties.

BOUCHERIZE Bou"cher*ize, v. t. [After Dr. Auguste Boucherie, a French chemist, who invented the process.]

Defn: To impregnate with a preservative solution of copper sulphate, as timber, railroad ties, etc.

BOUD
Boud, n.

Defn: A weevil; a worm that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc. [Obs.]
Tusser., n. Etym: [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.]

Defn: A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper.

BOUDOIR
Bou*doir", n. [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.]

Defn: A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper.

BOUFFE
Bouffe, n. Etym: [F., buffoon.]

Defn: Comic opera. See Opera Bouffe.

BOUGAINVILLAEA Bou`gain*vil*læ`a, n. Etym: [Named from Bougainville, the French navigator.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Nyctoginaceæ, from tropical
South America, having the flowers surrounded by large bracts.

BOUGE
Bouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bouged] Etym: [Variant of bulge. Cf.
Bowge.]

1. To swell out. [Obs.]

2. To bilge. [Obs.] "Their ship bouged." Hakluyt.

BOUGE
Bouge, v. t.

Defn: To stave in; to bilge. [Obs.] Holland.

BOUGE
Bouge, n. Etym: [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]

Defn: Bouche (see Bouche, 2); food and drink; provisions. [Obs.] [They] made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady or two, that fainted . . . with fasting. B. Jonson .

BOUGET
Bou"get, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bougette sack, bag. Cf. Budget.] (Her.)

Defn: A charge representing a leather vessel for carrying water; — also called water bouget.

BOUGH Bough, n. Etym: [OE. bogh, AS. bog, boh, bough, shoulder; akin to Icel. bogr shoulder, bow of a ship, Sw. bog, Dan. bov, OHG. buog, G. bug, and to Gr.bahu (for bhaghu) arm. sq. root88, 251. Cf. Bow of a ship.]

1. An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or main branch.

2. A gallows. [Archaic] Spenser.

BOUGHT
Bought, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. bugt bend, turning, Icel. bug. Cf. Bight,
Bout, and see Bow to bend.]

1. A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as in a rope; as the boughts of a serpent. [Obs.] Spenser. The boughts of the fore legs. Sir T. Browne.

2. The part of a sling that contains the stone. [Obs.]

BOUGHT
Bought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Buy.

BOUGHT
Bought, p. a.

Defn: Purchased; bribed.

BOUGHTEN
Bought"en, a.

Defn: Purchased; not obtained or produced at home. Coleridge.

BOUGHTY
Bought"y, a.

Defn: Bending. [Obs.] Sherwood.

BOUGIE
Bou*gie" (, n. Etym: [F. bougie wax candle, bougie, fr. Bougie,
Bugia, a town of North Africa, from which these candles were first
imported into Europe.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A long, flexible instrument, that is

Note: introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form.

2. (Pharm.)

Defn: A long slender rod consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and designed for introduction into urethra, etc.

BOUGIE DECIMALE
Bou*gie" dé`ci`male". [F., lit., decimal candle.]

Defn: A photometric standard used in France, having the value of one twentieth of the Violle platinum standard, or slightly less than a British standard candle. Called also decimal candle.

BOUILLI
Bou`illi" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] (Cookery)

Defn: Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or soup has been made.

BOUILLON
Bou`illon" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. bouillir to boil.]

1. A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef, or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An excrescence on a horse's frush or frog.

BOUK
Bouk, n. Etym: [AS. bücbauch, Icel. bü body.]

1. The body. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Bulk; volume. [Scot.]

BOUL
Boul, n.

Defn: A curved handle. Sir W. Scott.

BOULANGERITE
Bou*lan"ger*ite, n. Etym: [From Boulanger, a French mineralogist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact. It is sulphide of antimony and lead.

BOULANGISM
Bou*lan"gism, n. [F. boulangisme.]

Defn: The spirit or principles of a French political movement identified with Gen. Georges Boulanger (d. 1891), whose militarism and advocacy of revenge on Germany attracted to him a miscellaneous party of monarchists and Republican malcontents. — Bou*lan"gist (#), n.

BOULDER
Boul"der, n.

Defn: Same as Bowlder.

BOULDERY
Boul"der*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by bowlders.

BOULE; BOULEWORK
Boule, Boule"work`, n.

Defn: Same as Buhl, Buhlwork.

BOULEVARD
Bou"le*vard`, n. Etym: [F. boulevard, boulevart, fr. G. bollwerk. See
Bulwark.]

1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town.

2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city.

BOULEVARDIER
Boule`var`dier", n. [F.]

Defn: A frequenter of a city boulevard, esp. in Paris. F. Harrison.

BOULEVERSEMENT
Boule`verse`ment", n. Etym: [F., fr. bouleverser to overthrow.]

Defn: Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down.

BOULT
Boult, n.

Defn: Corrupted form Bolt.

BOULT
Boult (bolt), n.

Defn: Corrupted form Bolt.

BOULTEL; BOULTIN Boul"tel, Boul"tin, n. (Arch.) (a) A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle, being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo. (b) One of the shafts of a clustered column. [Written also bowtel, boltel, boultell, etc.]

BOULTER
Boul"ter, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A long, stout fishing line to which many hooks are attached.

BOUN
Boun, a. Etym: [See Bound ready.]

Defn: Ready; prepared; destined; tending. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOUN
Boun, v. t.

Defn: To make or get ready. Sir W. Scott.

BOUNCE
Bounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Bouncing.] Etym:
[OE. bunsen; cf. D. bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG. bunsen
to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a
knock loudly.
Another bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift.
Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart. Dryden.

2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; as, she bounced into the room. Out bounced the mastiff. Swift. Bounced off his arm+chair. Thackeray.

3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster. [Obs.]

BOUNCE
Bounce, v. t.

1. To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump. Swift.

2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss.

3. To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment. [Collog. U. S.]

4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.] J. Fletcher.

BOUNCE
Bounce, n.

1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound.

2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump. The bounce burst open the door. Dryden.

3. An explosion, or the noise of one. [Obs.]

4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer. Johnson. De Quincey.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dogfish of Europe (Scyllium catulus).

BOUNCE
Bounce, adv.

Defn: With a sudden leap; suddenly.
This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me. Bickerstaff.

BOUNCER
Boun"cer, n.

1. One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in moving.

2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.] Johnson.

3. A bold lie; also, a liar. [Collog.] Marryat.

4. Something big; a good stout example of the kind. The stone must be a bouncer. De Quincey.

BOUNCING
Boun"cing, a.

1. Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom. Many tall and bouncing young ladies. Thackeray.

2. Excessive; big. "A bouncing reckoning." B. & Fl. Bouncing Bet (Bot.), the common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis). Harper's Mag.

BOUNCINGLY
Boun"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a bounce.

BOUND Bound, n. Etym: [OE. bounde, bunne, OF. bonne, bonde, bodne, F. borne, fr. LL. bodina, bodena, bonna; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bonn boundary, limit, and boden, bod, a tuft or cluster of trees, by which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf. Bourne.]

Defn: The external or limiting line, either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary. He hath compassed the waters with bounds. Job xxvi. 10. On earth's remotest bounds. Campbell. And mete the bounds of hate and love. Tennyson. To keep within bounds, not to exceed or pass beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or discretion.

Syn.
— See Boundary.

BOUND
Bound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bounding.]

1. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension of; — said of natural or of moral objects; to lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe; to restrain; to confine. Where full measure only bounds excess. Milton. Phlegethon . . . Whose fiery flood the burning empire bounds. Dryden.

2. To name the boundaries of; as, to bound France.

BOUND Bound, v. i. Etym: [F. bondir to leap, OF. bondir, bundir, to leap, resound, fr. L. bombitare to buzz, hum, fr. bombus a humming, buzzing. See Bomb.]

1. To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a succession of springs or leaps; as the beast bounded from his den; the herd bounded across the plain. Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds. Pope. And the waves bound beneath me as a steed That knows his rider. Byron.

2. To rebound, as an elastic ball.

BOUND
Bound, v. t.

1. To make to bound or leap; as, to bound a horse. [R.] Shak.

2. To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; as, to bound a ball on the floor. [Collog.]

BOUND
Bound, n.

1. A leap; an elastic spring; a jump. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth.

2. Rebound; as, the bound of a ball. Johnson.

3. (Dancing)

Defn: Spring from one foot to the other.

BOUND
Bound,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bind.

BOUND
Bound, p. p. & a.

1. Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the like.

2. Inclosed in a binding or cover; as, a bound volume.

3. Under legal or moral restraint or obligation.

4. Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; — followed by the infinitive; as, he is bound to succeed; he is bound to fail.

5. Resolved; as, I am bound to do it. [Collog. U. S.]

6. Constipated; costive.

Note: Used also in composition; as, icebound, windbound, hidebound, etc. Bound bailiff (Eng. Law), a sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the bailiff is usually under bond for the faithful discharge of his trust. — Bound up in, entirely devoted to; inseparable from.

BOUND Bound, a. Etym: [Past p. of OE. bounen to prepare, fr. boun ready, prepared, fr. Icel. bü, p. p. of büaboor and bower. See Bond, a., and cf. Busk, v.]

Defn: Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; — with to or for, or with an adverb of motion; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for Cadiz. "The mariner bound homeward." Cowper.

BOUNDARY Bound"a*ry, n.; pl. Boundaries ( Etym: [From Bound a limit; cf. LL. bonnarium piece of land with fixed limits.]

Defn: That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a
bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or
imaginary limit.
But still his native country lies Beyond the boundaries of the skies.
N. Cotton.
That bright and tranquil stream, the boundary of Louth and Meath.
Macaulay.
Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of our thoughts. Locke.

Syn. — Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier; verge; confines; precinct. Bound, Boundary. Boundary, in its original and strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit. Bound is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the two words are made interchangeable.

BOUNDEN
Bound"en, p.p & a. Etym: [Old. p. p. of bind.]

1. Bound; fastened by bonds. [Obs.]

2. Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered; obliged; beholden. This holy word, that teacheth us truly our bounden duty toward our Lord God in every point. Ridley.

3. Made obligatory; imposed as a duty; binding. I am much bounden to your majesty. Shak.

BOUNDER
Bound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, limits; a boundary. Sir T. Herbert.

BOUNDING
Bound"ing, a.

Defn: Moving with a bound or bounds.
The bounding pulse, the languid limb. Montgomery.

BOUNDLESS
Bound"less, a.

Defn: Without bounds or confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited. "The boundless sky." Bryant. "The boundless ocean." Dryden. "Boundless rapacity." "Boundless prospect of gain." Macaulay.

Syn.
— Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; infinite.
— Bound"less*ly, adv.
— Bound"less*ness, n.

BOUNTEOUS
Boun"te*ous, a. Etym: [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]

Defn: Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously
liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as,
bounteous production.
But O, thou bounteous Giver of all good. Cowper.
— Boun"te*ous*ly, adv.
— Boun"te*ous*ness, n.

BOUNTIFUL
Boun"ti*ful, a.

1. Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors. God, the bountiful Author of our being. Locke.

2. Plentiful; abundant; as, a bountiful supply of food.

Syn.
— Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous.
— Boun"ti*ful*ly, adv.
— Boun"ti*ful*ness, n.

BOUNTIHEAD; BOUNTYHOOD
Boun"ti*head, Boun"ty*hood, n.

Defn: Goodness; generosity. [Obs.] Spenser.

BOUNTY Boun"ty, n.; pl. Bounties. Etym: [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bonté, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.]

1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [Obs.] Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty. Gower.

2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence. My bounty is as boundless as the sea. Shak.

3. That which is given generously or liberally. "Thy morning bounties." Cowper.

4. A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or manufactures. Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty. [Collog.] — Queen Anne's bounty (Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's reign for augmenting poor clerical livings.

Syn.
— Munificence; generosity; beneficence.

BOUQUET Bou*quet", n. Etym: [F. bouquet bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for bousquet, bosquet, thicket, a little wood, dim. of LL. boscus. See Bush thicket, and cf. Bosket, Busket.]

1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.

2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine.

BOUQUETIN
Bou`que*tin", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ibex.

BOUR
Bour, n. Etym: [See Bower a chamber.]

Defn: A chamber or a cottage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURBON Bour"bon, n. Etym: [From the castle and seigniory of Bourbon in central France.]

1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of France.

2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative.

BOURBONISM
Bour"bon*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate conservatism.

BOURBONIST
Bour"bon*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the house of Bourbon; a legitimist.

BOURBON WHISKY
Bour"bon whis"ky.

Defn: See under Whisky.

BOURD
Bourd, n. Etym: [F. bourde fib, lie, OF. borde, bourde, jest, joke.]

Defn: A jest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURD
Bourd, v. i.

Defn: To jest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURDER
Bourd"er, n.

Defn: A jester. [Obs.]

BOURDON Bour"don, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. burdo mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf. Sp. muleta a young she mule; also, crutch, prop.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff.

BOURDON Bour"don`, n. Etym: [F. See Burden a refrain.] (Mus.) (a) A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdy-gurdy. See Burden (of a song.) (b) A kind of organ stop.

BOURGEOIS Bour*geois", n. Etym: [From a French type founder named Bourgeois, or fr. F. bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G. bourgeois, borgis. Cf. Burgess.] (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type.

Note: This line is printed in bourgeois type.

BOURGEOIS
Bour*geois", n. Etym: [F., fr. bourg town; of German origin. See
Burgess.]

Defn: A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class.
[France.] a.

Defn: Characteristic of the middle class, as in France.

BOURGEOISIE
Bour*geoi*sie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in, or dependent on, trade.

BOURGEON Bour"geon, v. i. Etym: [OE. burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F. bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf. OHG. burjan to raise.]

Defn: To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch.
Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow. Sir W. Scott.

BOURI
Bou"ri, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mullet (Mugil capito) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in Africa.

BOURN; BOURNE Bourn, Bourne, n. Etym: [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G. born, brunnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel. brunnr, and perh. to Gr. burn, v., because the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling from the earth. Cf. Torrent, and see Burn, v.]

Defn: A stream or rivulet; a burn.
My little boat can safely pass this perilous bourn. Spenser.

BOURN; BOURNE
Bourn, Bourne, n. Etym: [F. borne. See Bound a limit.]

Defn: A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point aimed at; goal.
Where the land slopes to its watery bourn. Cowper.
The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns. Shak.
Sole bourn, sole wish, sole object of my song. Wordsworth.
To make the doctrine . . . their intellectual bourne. Tyndall.

BOURNLESS
Bourn"less, a.

Defn: Without a bourn or limit.

BOURNONITE
Bour"non*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Count Bournon, a minerologist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a steel-gray to black color and metallic luster, occurring crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and copper.

BOURNOUS
Bour*nous", n.

Defn: See Burnoose.

BOURREE
Bour*rée, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old French dance tune in common time.

BOURSE
Bourse, n. Etym: [F. bourse purse, exchange, LL. bursa, fr. Gr.Purse,
Burse.]

Defn: An exchange, or place where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain hours; esp., the Stock Exchange of Paris.

BOUSE
Bouse, v. i.

Defn: To drink immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See Booze.

BOUSE
Bouse, n.

Defn: Drink, esp. alcoholic drink; also, a carouse; a booze. "A good bouse of liquor." Carlyle.

BOUSER
Bous"er, n.

Defn: A toper; a boozer.

BOUSTROPHEDON
Bou`stro*phe"don, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.

BOUSTROPHEDONIC
Bou*stroph`e*don"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the boustrophedon mode of writing.

BOUSTROPHIC
Bou*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Boustrophedonic.

BOUSY
Bousy, a.

Defn: Drunken; sotted; boozy.
In his cups the bousy poet songs. Dryden.

BOUT
Bout, n. Etym: [A different spelling and application of bought bend.]

1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round. In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this bout. Goldsmith.

2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking bout. The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it. Shak.

BOUTADE
Bou*tade", n. Etym: [F., fr. bouter to thrust. See Butt.]

Defn: An outbreak; a caprice; a whim. [Obs.]

BOUTEFEU
Boute"feu, n. Etym: [F.; bouter to thrust, put + feu fire.]

Defn: An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels. [Obs.] Animated by . . . John à Chamber, a very boutefeu, . . . they entered into open rebellion. Bacon.

BOUTONNIERE
Bou`ton`nière", n. Etym: [F., buttonhole.]

Defn: A bouquet worn in a buttonhole.

BOUTS-RIMES
Bouts`-ri*més", n. pl. Etym: [F. bout end + rimé rhymed.]

Defn: Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are offered.

BOVATE
Bo"vate, n. Etym: [LL. bovata, fr. bos, bovis, ox.] (O.Eng.Law.)

Defn: An oxgang, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen acres.

BOVEY COAL
Bo"vey coal`. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and generally a disagreeable odor; — found at Bovey Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the oölite, and not of the true coal era.

BOVID
Bo"vid, a. Etym: [L. bos, bovis, ox, cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to that tribe of ruminant mammals of which the genus
Bos is the type.

BOVIFORM
Bo"vi*form, a. Etym: [L. bos, bovis, ox + -form.]

Defn: Resembling an ox in form; ox-shaped. [R.]

BOVINE Bo"vine, a. Etym: [LL. bovinus, fr.L. bos, bovis, ox, cow: cf. F. bovine. See Cow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope.

2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament. The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W. Black.

BOW Bow (bou), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] Etym: [OE. bowen, bogen, bugen, AS. bugan (generally v.i.); akin to D. buigen, OHG. biogan, G. biegen, beugen, Icel. boginn bent, beygja to bend, Sw. böja, Dan. böie, bugne, Coth. biugan; also to L. fugere to flee, Gr. bhuj to bend. sq. root88. Cf. Fugitive.]

1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to
make crooked or curved.
We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural
straightness. Milton.
The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny.
Prescott.

2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline. Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion. Bacon. Not to bow and bias their opinions. Fuller.

3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension. They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. 2 Kings ii. 15.

4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,; Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave. Shak.

5. To express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks.

BOW
Bow (bou), v. i.

1. To bend; to curve. [Obs.]

2. To stop. [Archaic] They stoop, they bow down together. Is. xlvi. 2

3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; — often with down. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker. Ps. xcv. 6.

4. To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow. Admired, adored by all circling crowd, For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they bowed. Dryden.

BOW
Bow (bou), n.

Defn: An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility.

BOW Bow (bo), n. Etym: [OE. bowe, boge, AS. boga, fr. AS. bü to bend; akin to D. boog, G. bogen, Icel. bogi. See Bow, v. t.]

1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13.

2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled.

3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string.

4. The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument.

6. An acrograph.

7. (Mech. & Manuf.)

Defn: Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea.

9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl.

Defn: Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree. Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under officer of the forest who looked after trespassers. — Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and string. — Bow instrument (Mus.), any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by the bow. — Bow window (Arch.) See Bay window. — To draw a long bow, to lie; to exaggerate. [Colloq.]

BOW
Bow (bo), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.]

Defn: To play (music) with a bow.
— v. i.

Defn: To manage the bow.

BOW
Bow (bo), n. Etym: [Icel. bogr shoulder, bow of a ship. See Bough.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar. Bow chaser (Naut.), a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another vessel. Totten. - Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship. — On the bow (Naut.), on that part of the horizon within 45º on either side of the line ahead. Totten.

BOWABLE
Bow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding. [Obs.]

BOWBELL
Bow"bell`, n.

Defn: One born within hearing distance of Bow-bells; a cockney.
Halliwell.

BOW-BELLS
Bow"-bells`, n. pl.

Defn: The bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom. People born within the sound of Bow-bells are usually called cockneys. Murray's Handbook of London.

BOWBENT
Bow"bent`, a.

Defn: Bent, like a bow. Milton.

BOW-COMPASS
Bow"-com`pass, n.; pl. Bow-compasses (.

1. An arcograph.

2. A small pair of compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are often connected by a bow- shaped spring, instead of by a joint.

3. A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plate riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other.

BOWDLERIZE
Bowd"ler*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowdlerized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Bowdlerizing.] [After Dr. Thomas Bowdler, an English physician, who
published an expurgated edition of Shakespeare in 1818.]

Defn: To expurgate, as a book, by omitting or modifying the parts considered offensive.

It is a grave defect in the splendid tale of Tom Jones . . . that a
Bowlderized version of it would be hardly intelligible as a tale.
F. Harrison.

— Bowd`ler*i*za"tion (#), n. —Bowd"ler*ism (#), n.

BOWEL
Bow"el, n. Etym: [OE. bouel, bouele, OF. boel, boele, F. boyau, fr.
L. botellus a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L.
botulus sausage.]

1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; — generally used in the plural. He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i. 18.

2. pl.

Defn: Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the
bowels of the earth.
His soldiers . . . cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the
battle. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion.
"Thou thing of no bowels." Shak.
Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and
empty of bowels. Fuller.

4. pl.

Defn: Offspring. [Obs.] Shak.

BOWEL
Bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boweled or Bowelled; p. pr.& vb. n.
Boweling or Bowelling.]

Defn: To take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.

BOWELED
Bow"eled, a. [Written also bowelled.]

Defn: Having bowels; hollow. "The boweled cavern." Thomson.

BOWELLESS
Bow"el*less, a.

Defn: Without pity. Sir T. Browne.

BOWENITE
Bow"en*ite, n. Etym: [From G.T.Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.]
(Min.)

Defn: A hard, compact variety of serpentine found in Rhode Island. It is of a light green color and resembles jade.

BOWER
Bo"wer, n. Etym: [From Bow, v. & n.]

1. One who bows or bends.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An anchor carried at the bow of a ship.

3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.]
His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers
Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser.
Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.

BOWER Bow"er, n. Etym: [G. bauer a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes used for the knave in cards. See Boor.]

Defn: One of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the "Joker") in the game. — Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value. — Best bower or Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card.

BOWER Bow"er, n. Etym: [OE. bour, bur, room, dwelling, AS. bur, fr. the root of AS. buan to dwell; akin to Icel. bur chamber, storehouse, Sw. bur cage, Dan. buur, OHG. pur room, G. bauer cage, bauer a peasant. *97] Cf.Boor, Byre.]

1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment. Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower. Gascoigne.

2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. Shenstone. B. Johnson.

3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess.

BOWER
Bow"er, v. t.

Defn: To embower; to inclose. Shak.

BOWER
Bow"er, v. i.

Defn: To lodge. [Obs.] Spenser.

BOWER
Bow"er, n. Etym: [From Bough, cf. Brancher.] (Falconry)

Defn: A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [Obs.]

BOWER-BARFF PROCESS
Bow"er-Barff" proc`ess . (Metal.)

Defn: A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or steel an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron (which is not liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or ordinary acids). This is accomplished by producing, by oxidation at about 1600º F. in a closed space, a coating containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the magnetic oxide (Fe2O4).

BOWER BIRD
Bow"er bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or holosericeus), allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird.

Note: The name is also applied to other related birds of the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted bower bird (Chalmydodera maculata), and the regent bird (Sericulus melinus).

BOWERY
Bow"er*y, a.

Defn: Shading, like a bower; full of bowers.
A bowery maze that shades the purple streams. Trumbull.

BOWERY
Bow"er*y, n.; pl. Boweries Etym: [D. bouwerij.]

Defn: A farm or plantation with its buildings. [U.S.Hist.] The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on boweries or plantations; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into "villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing." Bancroft.

BOWERY
Bow"er*y, a.

Defn: Characteristic of the street called the Bowery, in New York city; swaggering; flashy.

BOWESS
Bow"ess, n. (Falconry)

Defn: Same as Bower. [Obs.]

BOWFIN
Bow"fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A voracious ganoid fish (Amia calva) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the mudfish; — called also Johnny Grindle, and dogfish.

BOWGE
Bowge, v. i.

Defn: To swell out. See Bouge. [Obs.]

BOWGE
Bowge, v. t.

Defn: To cause to leak. [Obs.] See Bouge.

BOWGRACE
Bow"grace`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by floating ice.

BOW HAND
Bow" hand`.

1. (Archery)

Defn: The hand that holds the bow, i. e., the left hand.
Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The hand that draws the bow, i. e., the right hand.

BOWHEAD
Bow"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great Arctic or Greenland whale. (Balæna mysticetus). See
Baleen, and Whale.

BOWIE KNIFE
Bow"ie knife`.

Defn: A knife with a strong blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and double-edged near the point; — used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its inventor, Colonel James Bowie. Also, by extension, any large sheath knife.

BOWING
Bow"ing, n. (Mus.)

1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed instruments. Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the violist, etc. J. W. Moore.

2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting.

BOWINGLY
Bow"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bending manner.

BOWKNOT
Bow"knot`, n.

Defn: A knot in which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a loop or bow, so as to be readily untied.

BOWL Bowl, n. Etym: [OE. bolle, AS. bolla; akin to Icel. bolli, Dan. bolle, G. bolle, and perh. to E. boil a tumor. Cf. Boll.]

1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc. Brought them food in bowls of basswood. Longfellow.

2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking.

3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold.

4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the bowl of a spoon.

BOWL Bowl, n. Etym: [F. boule, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud. Cf. Bull an edict, Bill a writing.]

1. A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when rolled.

2. pl.

Defn: An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of greensward. Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon it. Sir W. Scott.

3. pl.

Defn: The game of tenpins or bowling. [U.S.]

BOWL
Bowl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowling.]

1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball. Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven. Shak.

2. To roll or carry smoothly on, or as on, wheels; as, we were bowled rapidly along the road.

3. To pelt or strike with anything rolled. Alas, I had rather be set quick i' the earth, And bowled to death with turnipsShak. To bowl (a player) out, in cricket, to put out a striker by knocking down a bail or a stump in bowling.

BOWL
Bowl, v. i.

1. To play with bowls.

2. To roll a ball on a plane, as at cricket, bowls, etc.

3. To move rapidly, smoothly, and like a ball; as, the carriage bowled along.

BOWLDER; BOULDER
Bowl"der, Boul"der, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. bullra to roar, rattle, Dan.
buldre, dial. Sw. bullersteen larger kind of pebbles; perh. akin to
E. bellow.]

1. A large stone, worn smooth or rounded by the action of water; a large pebble.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: A mass of any rock, whether rounded or not, that has been transported by natural agencies from its native bed. See Drift. Bowlder clay, the unstratified clay deposit of the Glacial or Drift epoch, often containing large numbers of bowlders. — Bowlder wall, a wall constructed of large stones or bowlders.

BOWLDERY
Bowl"der*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by bowlders.

BOWLEG
Bow"leg`, n.

Defn: A crooked leg. Jer. Taylor.

BOW-LEGGED
Bow"-legged`, a.

Defn: Having crooked legs, esp. with the knees bent outward. Johnson.

BOWLER
Bowl"er, n.

Defn: One who plays at bowls, or who rolls the ball in cricket or any other game.

BOWLESS
Bow"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a bow.

BOWLINE Bow"line, n. Etym: [Cf. D. boelijn, Icel. böglïnabovline; properly the line attached to the shoulder or side of the sail. See Bow (of a ship), and Line.] (Naut.)

Defn: A rope fastened near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the square sails, by subordinate ropes, called bridles, and used to keep the weather edge of the sail tight forward, when the ship is closehauled. Bowline bridles, the ropes by which the bowline is fastened to the leech of the sail. — Bowline knot. See Illust. under Knot. — On a bowline, close-hauled or sailing close to the wind; — said of a ship.

BOWLING
Bowl"ing, n.

Defn: The act of playing at or rolling bowls, or of rolling the ball at cricket; the game of bowls or of tenpins. Bowling alley, a covered place for playing at bowls or tenpins. — Bowling green, a level piece of greensward or smooth ground for bowling, as the small park in lower Broadway, New York, where the Dutch of New Amsterdam played this game.

BOWLS
Bowls, n. pl.

Defn: See Bowl, a ball, a game.

BOWMAN
Bow"man, n.; pl. Bowmen (.

Defn: A man who uses a bow; an archer.
The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.
Jer. iv. 29.
Bowman's root. (Bot.) See Indian physic, under Indian.

BOWMAN
Bow"man, n. (Naut.)

Defn: The man who rows the foremost oar in a boat; the bow oar.

BOWNE
Bowne, v. t. Etym: [See Boun.]

Defn: To make ready; to prepare; to dress. [Obs.]
We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet. Sir W. Scott.

BOW NET
Bow" net`

Defn: .

1. A trap for lobsters, being a wickerwork cylinder with a funnel- shaped entrance at one end.

2. A net for catching birds. J. H. Walsh.

BOW OAR
Bow" oar`

Defn: .

1. The oar used by the bowman.

2. One who rows at the bow of a boat.

BOW-PEN
Bow"-pen`, n.

Defn: Bow-compasses carrying a drawing pen. See Bow-compass.

BOW-PENCIL
Bow"-pen`cil, n.

Defn: Bow-compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil.

BOW-SAW
Bow"-saw`, n.

Defn: A saw with a thin or narrow blade set in a strong frame.

BOWSE
Bowse, v. i. Etym: [See Booze, and Bouse.]

1. To carouse; to bouse; to booze. De Quincey.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To pull or haul; as, to bowse upon a tack; to bowse away, i. e., to pull all together.

BOWSE
Bowse, n.

Defn: A carouse; a drinking bout; a booze.

BOWSHOT
Bow"shot`, n.

Defn: The distance traversed by an arrow shot from a bow.

BOWSPRIT Bow"sprit`, n. Etym: [Bow + sprit; akin to D.boegspriet; boeg bow of a ship + spriet, E. sprit, also Sw. bogspröt, G. bugspriet.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large boom or spar, which projects over the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.

BOWSSEN
Bows"sen, v. t.

Defn: To drench; to soak; especially, to immerse (in water believed to have curative properties). [Obs.] There were many bowssening places, for curing of mad men. . . . If there appeared small amendment he was bowssened again and again. Carew.

BOWSTRING
Bow"string`, n.

1. The string of a bow.

2. A string used by the Turks for strangling offenders. Bowstring bridge, a bridge formed of an arch of timber or iron, often braced, the thrust of which is resisted by a tie forming a chord of the arch. — Bowstring girder, an arched beam strengthened by a tie connecting its two ends. — Bowstring hemp (Bot.), the tenacious fiber of the Sanseviera Zeylanica, growing in India and Africa, from which bowstrings are made. Balfour.

BOWSTRING Bow"string`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowstringed ( or Bowstrung (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowstringing.]

Defn: To strangle with a bowstring.

BOWSTRINGED
Bow"stringed`, p.a.

1. Furnished with bowstring.

2. Put to death with a bowstring; strangled.

BOWTEL
Bow"tel, n.

Defn: See Boultel.

BOWWOW
Bow"wow`, n.

Defn: An onomatopoetic name for a dog or its bark.
— a.

Defn: Onomatopoetic; as, the bowwow theory of language; a bowwow word. [Jocose.]

BOWYER
Bow"yer, n. Etym: [From Bow, like lawyer from law.]

1. An archer; one who uses bow.

2. One who makes or sells bows.

BOX
Box, n. Etym: [As. box, L. buxus, fr. Gr. Box a case.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub, flourishing in different parts of the world. The common box (Buxus sempervirens) has two varieties, one of which, the dwaft box (B.suffruticosa), is much used for borders in gardens. The wood of the tree varieties, being very hard and smooth, is extensively used in the arts, as by turners, engravers, mathematical instrument makers, etc. Box elder, the ash-leaved maple (Negundo aceroides), of North America. — Box holly, the butcher's broom (Russus aculeatus). — Box thorn, a shrub (Lycium barbarum). — Box tree, the tree variety of the common box.

BOX Box, n.; pl. Boxes ( Etym: [As. box a small case or vessel with a cover; akin to OHG. buhsa box, G. büchse; fr. L. buxus boxwood, anything made of boxwood. See Pyx, and cf. Box a tree, Bushel.]

1. A receptacle or case of any firm material and of various shapes.

2. The quantity that a box contain.

3. A space with a few seats partitioned off in a theater, or other place of public amusement. Laughed at by the pit, box, galleries, nay, stage. Dorset. The boxes and the pit are sovereign judges. Dryden.

4. A chest or any receptacle for the deposit of money; as, a poor box; a contribution box. Yet since his neighbors give, the churl unlocks, Damning the poor, his tripple-bolted box. J. Warton.

5. A small country house. "A shooting box." Wilson. Tight boxes neatly sashed. Cowper.

6. A boxlike shed for shelter; as, a sentry box.

7. (Mach) (a) An axle box, journal box, journal bearing, or bushing. (b) A chamber or section of tube in which a valve works; the bucket of a lifting pump.

8. The driver's seat on a carriage or coach.

9. A present in a box; a present; esp. a Christmas box or gift. "A Christmas box." Dickens.

10. (Baseball)

Defn: The square in which the pitcher stands.

11. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Mediterranean food fish; the bogue.

Note: Box is much used adjectively or in composition; as box lid, box maker, box circle, etc.; also with modifying substantives; as money box, letter box, bandbox, hatbox or hat box, snuff box or snuffbox. Box beam (Arch.), a beam made of metal plates so as to have the form of a long box. — Box car (Railroads), a freight car covered with a roof and inclosed on the sides to protect its contents. — Box chronometer, a ship's chronometer, mounted in gimbals, to preserve its proper position. — Box coat, a thick overcoat for driving; sometimes with a heavy cape to carry off the rain. — Box coupling, a metal collar uniting the ends of shafts or other parts in machinery. — Box crab (Zoöl.), a crab of the genus Calappa, which, when at rest with the legs retracted, resembles a box. — Box drain (Arch.), a drain constructed with upright sides, and with flat top and bottom. — Box girder (Arch.), a box beam. — Box groove (Metal Working), a closed groove between two rolls, formed by a collar on one roll fitting between collars on another. R. W. Raymond. — Box metal, an alloy of copper and tin, or of zinc, lead, and antimony, for the bearings of journals, etc. — Box plait, a plait that doubles both to the rigth and the left. — Box turtle or Box tortoise (Zoöl.), a land tortoise or turtle of the genera Cistudo and Emys; — so named because it can withdraw entirely within its shell, which can be closed by hinged joints in the lower shell. Also, humorously, an exceedingly reticent person. Emerson. — In a box, in a perplexity or an embarrassing position; in difficulty. (Colloq.) — In the wrong box, out of one's place; out of one's element; awkwardly situated. (Colloq.) Ridley (1554)

BOX
Box, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boxed (p. pr. & vb. n. Boxing.]

1. To inclose in a box.

2. To furnish with boxes, as a wheel.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: To inclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to bring to a required form. To box a tree, to make an incision or hole in a tree for the purpose of procuring the sap. — To box off, to divide into tight compartments. — To box up. (a) To put into a box in order to save; as, he had boxed up twelve score pounds. (b) To confine; as, to be boxed up in narrow quarters.

BOX
Box, n. Etym: [Cf.Dan. baske to slap, bask slap, blow. Cf. Pash.]

Defn: A blow on the head or ear with the hand.
A good-humored box on the ear. W. Irving.

BOX
Box, v. i.

Defn: To fight with the fist; to combat with, or as with, the hand or fist; to spar.

BOX
Box, v. t.

Defn: To strike with the hand or fist, especially to strike on the ear, or on the side of the head.

BOX
Box, v. t. Etym: [Cf.Sp. boxar, now spelt bojar.]

Defn: To boxhaul. To box off (Naut.), to turn the head of a vessel either way by bracing the headyards aback. — To box the compass (Naut.), to name the thirty-two points of the compass in their order.

BOXBERRY
Box"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wintergreern. (Gaultheria procumbens). [Local, U.S.]

BOXEN
Box"en, a.

Defn: Made of boxwood; pertaining to, or resembling, the box (Buxus).
[R.]
The faded hue of sapless boxen leaves. Dryden.

BOXER
Box"er, n.

Defn: One who packs boxes.

BOXER
Box"er, n.

Defn: One who boxes; a pugilist.

BOXFISH
Box"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The trunkfish.

BOXHAUL
Box"haul`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boxhauled.] (Naut.)

Defn: To put (a vessel) on the other tack by veering her short round on her heel; — so called from the circumstance of bracing the head yards abox (i. e., sharp aback, on the wind). Totten.

BOXHAULING
Box"haul`ing, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A method of going from one tack to another. See Boxhaul.

BOXING
Box"ing, n.

1. The act of inclosing (anything) in a box, as for storage or transportation.

2. Material used in making boxes or casings.

3. Any boxlike inclosure or recess; a casing.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: The external case of thin material used to bring any member to a required form.

BOXING
Box"ing, n.

Defn: The act of fighting with the fist; a combat with the fist; sparring. Blackstone. Boxing glove, a large padded mitten or glove used in sparring for exercise or amusement.

BOXING DAY
Box"ing day`.

Defn: The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday on which
Christmas boxes are given to postmen, errand boys, employees, etc.
The night of this day is boxing night. [Eng.]

BOX-IRON
Box"-i`ron, n.

Defn: A hollow smoothing iron containing a heater within.

BOXKEEPER
Box"keep`er, n.

Defn: An attendant at a theater who has charge of the boxes.

BOX KITE
Box kite.

Defn: A kite, invented by Lawrence Hargrave, of Sydney, Australia, which consist of two light rectangular boxes, or cells open on two sides, and fastened together horizontally. Called also Hargrave, or cellular, kite.

BOX TAIL
Box tail. (Aëronautics)

Defn: In a flying machine, a tail or rudder, usually fixed, resembling a box kite.

BOXTHORN
Box"thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Lycium, esp. Lycium barbarum.

BOXWOOD
Box"wood`, n.

Defn: The wood of the box (Buxus).

BOY Boy, n. Etym: [Cf. D. boef, Fries. boi, boy; akin to G. bube, Icel. bofi rouge.]

Defn: A male child, from birth to the age of puberty; a lad; hence, a
son.
My only boy fell by the side of great Dundee. Sir W. Scott.

Note: Boy is often used as a term of comradeship, as in college, or in the army or navy. In the plural used colloquially of members of an assosiaton, fraternity, or party. Boy bishop, a boy (usually a chorister) elected bishop, in old Christian sports, and invested with robes and other insignia. He practiced a kind of mimicry of the ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. The Old Boy, the Devil. [Slang] — Yellow boys, guineas. [Slang, Eng.] — Boy's love, a popular English name of Southernwood (Artemisia abrotonum);) — called also lad's love. — Boy's play, childish amusements; anything trifling.

BOY
Boy, v. t.

Defn: To act as a boy; — in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage. I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. Shak.

BOYAR; BOYARD
Bo*yar", Bo*yard", n. Etym: [Russ. boiárin'.]

Defn: A member of a Russian aristocratic order abolished by Peter the
Great. Also, one of a privileged class in Roumania.

Note: English writers sometimes call Russian landed proprietors boyars.

BOYAU Boy"au, n.; pl. Boyaux or Boyaus. Etym: [F. boyau gut, a long and narrow place, and (of trenches) a branch. See Bowel.] (Fort.)

Defn: A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc.

BOYCOTT
Boy"cott`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boycotted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Boycotting.] Etym: [From Captain Boycott, a land agent in Mayo,
Ireland, so treated in 1880.]

Defn: To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to deter others from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott.

BOYCOTT
Boy"cott, n.

Defn: The process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of coercion.

BOYCOTTER
Boy"cott`er, n.

Defn: A participant in boycotting.

BOYCOTTISM
Boy"cott*ism, n.

Defn: Methods of boycotters.

BOYDEKIN
Boy"de*kin, n.

Defn: A dagger; a bodkin. [Obs.]

BOYER
Boy"er, n. Etym: [D. boeijer; — so called because these vessels were
employed for laying the boeijen, or buoys: cf. F. boyer. See Buoy.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end. Sir W. Raleigh.

BOYHOOD
Boy"hood, n. Etym: [Boy + -hood.]

Defn: The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy.
Hood.

BOYISH
Boy"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile. A boyish, odd conceit. Baillie.

BOYISHLY
Boy"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a boyish manner; like a boy.

BOYISHNESS
Boy"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The manners or behavior of a boy.

BOYISM
Boy"ism, n.

1. Boyhood. [Obs.] T. Warton.

2. The nature of a boy; childishness. Dryden.

BOYLE'S LAW
Boyle's" law`.

Defn: See under Law.

BOY SCOUT
Boy scout.

Defn: Orig., a member of the "Boy Scouts," an organization of boys founded in 1908, by Sir R. S. S. Baden-Powell, to promote good citizenship by creating in them a spirit of civic duty and of usefulness to others, by stimulating their interest in wholesome mental, moral, industrial, and physical activities, etc. Hence, a member of any of the other similar organizations, which are now worldwide. In "The Boy Scouts of America" the local councils are generally under a scout commissioner, under whose supervision are scout masters, each in charge of a troop of two or more patrols of eight scouts each, who are of three classes, tenderfoot, second-class scout, and first-class scout.

BOZA
Bo"za, n. Etym: [See Bosa.]

Defn: An acidulated fermented drink of the Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed, darnel meal, and water. [Written also bosa, bozah, bouza.]

BRABANTINE
Bra*bant"ine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands.

BRABBLE
Brab"ble, v. i. Etym: [D. brabbelen to talk confusedly. Blab,
Babble.]

Defn: To clamor; to contest noisily. [R.]

BRABBLE
Brab"ble, n.

Defn: A broil; a noisy contest; a wrangle.
This petty brabble will undo us all. Shak.

BRABBLEMENT
Brab"ble*ment, n.

Defn: A brabble. [R.] Holland.

BRABBLER
Brab"bler, n.

Defn: A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. [R] Shak.

BRACCATE Brac"cate, a.Etym: [L. bracatus wearing breeches, fr. bracae breeches.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with feathers which conceal the feet.

BRACE Brace, n. Etym: [OF. brace, brasse, the two arms, embrace, fathom, F. brasse fathom, fr. L. bracchia the arms (stretched out), pl. of bracchium arm; cf. Gr.

1. That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop.

2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum. The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as the braces of the war drum do in that. Derham.

3. The state of being braced or tight; tension. The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its brace or tension. Holder.

4. (Arch. & Engin.)

Defn: A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken together; thus, boll, bowl; or, in music, used to connect staves.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon.

7. (Mech.)

Defn: A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock.

8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt. "A brace of greyhounds." Shak. He is said to have shot . . . fifty brace of pheasants. Addison. A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and religion, now appeared in the church. Fuller. But you, my brace of lords. Shak.

9. pl.

Defn: Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders.
I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of braces. Thackeray.

10. Harness; warlike preparation. [Obs.] For that it stands not in such warlike brace. Shak.

11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace.

12. (Mining)

Defn: The mouth of a shaft. [Cornwall] Angle brace. See under Angle.

BRACE
Brace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Braced; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracing.]

1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam in a building.

2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves. And welcome war to brace her drums. Campbell.

3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly. The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet. Locke. Some who spurs had first braced on. Sir W. Scott.

4. To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the crowd. A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced. Fairfax.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards. To brace about (Naut.), to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack. — To brace a yard (Naut.), to move it horizontally by means of a brace. — To brace in (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather brace. — To brace one's self, to call up one's energies. "He braced himself for an effort which he was little able to make." J. D. Forbes. - To brace to (Naut.), to turn (a yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in tacking. — To brace up (Naut.), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of the keel by hauling in the lee brace. — To brace up sharp (Naut.), to turn (a yard) as far forward as the rigging will permit.

BRACE
Brace, v. i.

Defn: To get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; -with up.
[Colloq.]

BRACELET Brace"let, n. Etym: [F. bracelet, dim. of OF. bracel armlet, prop. little arm, dim. of bras arm, fr. L. bracchium. See Brace,n.]

1. An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by women or girls.

2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm. Johnson.

BRACER
Bra"cer, n.

1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage.

2. A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string; also, a brassart. Chaucer.

3. A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body. Johnson.

BRACH
Brach, n. Etym: [OE. brache a kind of scenting hound or setting dog,
OF. brache, braque, fr. OHG. braccho, G. bracke; possibly akin to E.
fragrant, fr. L. fragrare to smell.]

Defn: A bitch of the hound kind. Shak.

BRACHELYTRA
Brach*el"y*tra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ( (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of beetles having short elytra, as the rove beetles.

BRACHIA
Brach"i*a, n. pl.

Defn: See Brachium.

BRACHIAL Brach"i*al or (, a. Etym: [L. brachialis (bracch-), from bracchium (bracch-) arm: cf. F. brachial.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the arm; as, the brachial artery; the brachial nerve.

2. Of the nature of an arm; resembling an arm.

BRACHIATA
Brach`i*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [See Brachiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long jointed arms. See Crinoidea.

BRACHIATE Brach"i*ate, a. Etym: [L. brachiatus (bracch-) with boughs or branches like arms, from brackium (bracch-) arm.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles with the next, as in the maple and lilac.

BRACHIOGANOID
Brach`i*og"a*noid, n.

Defn: One of the Brachioganoidei.

BRACHIOGANOIDEI Brach`i*o*ga*noid"e*i, n. pl.Etym: [NL., from L. brachium (bracch-) arm + NL. ganoidei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes of which the bichir of Africa is a living example. See Crossopterygii.

BRACHIOLARIA Brach`i*o*la"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. brachiolum (bracch-), dim. of brachium (bracch-) arm.]

Defn: (Zoöl.) A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of vibrating cilia.

BRACHIOPOD
Brach"i*o*pod, n. Etym: [Cf.F. brachiopode.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Brachiopoda, or its shell.

BRACHIOPODA
Brach`i*op"o*da, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A class of Molluscoidea having a symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy peduncle.

Note: Within the shell is a pair of "arms," often long and spirally coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by which a current of water is made to flow into the mantle cavity, bringing the microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of the arms. The shell is both opened and closed by special muscles. They form two orders; Lyopoma, in which the shell is thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in Lingula; and Arthropoma, in which the firm calcareous shell has a regular hinge, as in Rhynchonella. See Arthropomata.

BRACHIUM Brach"i*um, n.; pl. Bracchia (. Etym: [L. brachium or bracchium, arm.] (Anat.)

Defn: The upper arm; the segment of the fore limb between the shoulder and the elbow.

BRACHMAN
Brach"man, n. Etym: [L. Brachmanae, pl., Gr.

Defn: See Brahman. [Obs.]

BRACHYCATALECTIC
Brach`y*cat`a*lec"tic, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr.& Last. Pros.)

Defn: A verse wanting two syllables at its termination.

BRACHYCEPHALIC; BRACHYCEPHALOUS
Brach`y*ce*phal"ic, Brach`y*ceph"a*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth; shortheaded; — in distinction from dolichocephalic.

BRACHYCEPHALY; BRACHYCEPHALISM
Brach`y*ceph"a*ly, Brach`y*ceph"a*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F.
Brachycéphalie] . (Anat.)

Defn: The state or condition of being brachycephalic; shortness of head.

BRACHYCERAL
Bra*chyc"er*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having short antennæ, as certain insects.

BRACHYDIAGONAL
Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. diagonal.]

Defn: Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism. Brachydiagonal axis, the shorter lateral axis of an orthorhombic crystal.

BRACHYDIAGONAL
Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal, n.

Defn: The shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism.

BRACHYDOME
Brach`y*dome, n. Etym: [Gr. dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See Dome.

BRACHYGRAPHER
Bra*chyg"ra*pher, n.

Defn: A writer in short hand; a stenographer.
He asked the brachygrapher whether he wrote the notes of the sermon.
Gayton.

BRACHYGRAPHY
Bra*chyg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. brachygraphie.]

Defn: Stenograhy. B. Jonson.

BRACHYLOGY
Bra*chyl"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. brachylogie.] (Rhet.)

Defn: Conciseness of expression; brevity.

BRACHYPINACOID
Brach`y*pin"a*coid, n. Etym: [Gr. pinacoid.] (Crytallog.)

Defn: A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.

BRACHYPTERA
Bra*chyp"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Coleoptera having short wings; the rove beetles.

BRACHYPTERES
Bra*chyp"te*res, n.pl. Etym: [NL. See Brachyptera. ] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins.

BRACHYPTEROUS
Bra*chyp"ter*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. brachyptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having short wings.

BRACHYSTOCHRONE Bra*chys"to*chrone, n. Etym: [Incorrect for brachistochrone, fr. Gr. brachistochrone. ] (Math.)

Defn: A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This curve of quickest descent, as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the cycloid.

BRACHYTYPOUS
Brach"y*ty`pous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Of a short form.

BRACHYURA
Brach`y*u"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax. [Also spelt Brachyoura.] See Crab, and Illustration in Appendix.

BRACHYURAL; BRACHYUROUS
Brach`y*u"ral, Brach`y*u"rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. brachyure.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.

BRACHYURAN
Brach`y*u"ran, n.

Defn: One of the Brachyura.

BRACING
Bra"cing, a.

Defn: Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind.

BRACING
Bra"cing, n.

1. The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss.

BRACK Brack, n. Etym: [Cf.D. braak, Dan. bræk, a breaking, Sw. & Isel. brak a crackling, creaking. Cf. Breach.]

Defn: An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or
breach; a flaw.
Stain or brack in her sweet reputation. J. Fletcher.

BRACK
Brack, n. Etym: [D. brak, adj., salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack.]

Defn: Salt or brackish water. [Obs.] Drayton.

BRACKEN
Brack"en, n. Etym: [OE. braken, AS. bracce. See 2d Brake, n.]

Defn: A brake or fern. Sir W. Scott.

BRACKET Brack"et, n. Etym: [Cf.OF. braguette codpiece, F. brayette, Sp. bragueta, also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. bracae breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf. Breeches.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.

Note: This is the more general word. See Brace, Cantalever, Console,
Corbel, Strut.

2. (Engin. & Mech.)

Defn: A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage.

5. (Print.)

Defn: One of two characters , used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; — called also crotchet.

6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like. Bracket light, a gas fixture or a lamp attached to a wall, column, etc.

BRACKET
Brack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bracketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracketing]

Defn: To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.

BRACKETING
Brack"et*ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.

BRACKISH
Brack"ish, a. Etym: [See Brack salt water.]

Defn: Saltish, or salt in a moderate degree, as water in saline soil.
Springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish though they be.
Byron.

BRACKISHNESS
Brack"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brackish, or somewhat salt.

BRACKY
Brack"y, a.

Defn: Brackish. Drayton.

BRACT Bract, n. Etym: [See Bractea.] (Bot.) (a) A leaf, usually smaller than the true leaves of a plant, from the axil of which a flower stalk arises. (b) Any modified leaf, or scale, on a flower stalk or at the base of a flower.

Note: Bracts are often inconspicuous, but sometimes large and showy, or highly colored, as in many cactaceous plants. The spathes of aroid plants are conspicuous forms of bracts.

BRACTEA
Brac"te*a, n. Etym: [L., a thin plate of metal or wood, gold foil.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A bract.

BRACTEAL
Brac"te*al, a. Etym: [Cf.F. bractéal.]

Defn: Having the nature or appearance of a bract.

BRACTEATE
Brac"te*ate, a. Etym: [Cf.L. bracteatus covered with gold plate.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having a bract or bracts.

BRACTED
Bract"ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with bracts.

BRACTEOLATE
Brac"te*o*late, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Furnished with bracteoles or bractlets.

BRACTEOLE
Brac"te*ole, n. Etym: [L. bracteola, dim. of bractea. See Bractea.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Same as Bractlet.

BRACTLESS
Bract"less, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Destitute of bracts.

BRACTLET
Bract"let, n. Etym: [Bract + -let] (Bot.)

Defn: A bract on the stalk of a single flower, which is itself on a main stalk that support several flowers. Gray.

BRAD Brad, n. Etym: [Cf.OE. brod, Dan. braad prick, sting, brodde ice spur, frost nail, Sw. brodd frost nail, Icel. broddr any pointed piece of iron or stell; akin to AS. brord point, spire of grass, and perh. to E. bristle. See Bristle, n.]

Defn: A thin nail, usually small, with a slight projection at the top on one side instead of a head; also, a small wire nail, with a flat circular head; sometimes, a small, tapering, square-bodied finishing nail, with a countersunk head.

BRAD AWL
Brad" awl`.

Defn: A straight awl with chisel edge, used to make holes for brads, etc. Weale.

BRADOON
Bra*doon", n.

Defn: Same as Bridoon.

BRAE
Brae, n. Etym: [See Bray a hill.]

Defn: A hillside; a slope; a bank; a hill. [Scot.] Burns.

BRAG Brag, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bragged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bragging.] Etym: [OE. braggen to resound, blow, boast (cf. F. braguer to lead a merry life, flaunt, boast, OF. brague merriment), from Icel. braka to creak, brak noise, fr. the same root as E. break; properly then, to make a noise, boast. 95.]

Defn: To talk about one's self, or things pertaining to one's self, in a manner intended to excite admiration, envy, or wonder; to talk boastfully; to boast; — often followed by of; as, to brag of one's exploits, courage, or money, or of the great things one intends to do. Conceit, more rich in matter than in words, Brags of his substance, not of ornament. Shak.

Syn.
— To swagger; boast; vapor; bluster; vaunt; flourish; talk big.

BRAG
Brag, v. t.

Defn: To boast of. [Obs.] Shak.

BRAG
Brag, n.

1. A boast or boasting; bragging; ostentatious pretense or self glorification. Cæsar . . . made not here his brag Of "came," and "saw," and "overcame." Shak.

2. The thing which is boasted of. Beauty is Nature's brag. Milton.

3. A game at cards similar to bluff. Chesterfield.

BRAG
Brag, a. Etym: [See Brag, v. i.]

Defn: Brisk; full of spirits; boasting; pretentious; conceited.
[Arhaic]
A brag young fellow. B. Jonson.

BRAG
Brag, adv.

Defn: Proudly; boastfully. [Obs.] Fuller.

BRAGGADOCIO
Brag`ga*do"cio, n. Etym: [From Braggadocchio, a boastful character in
Spenser's "Faërie Queene."]

1. A braggart; a boaster; a swaggerer. Dryden.

2. Empty boasting; mere brag; pretension.

BRAGGARDISM
Brag"gard*ism, n. Etym: [See Braggart.]

Defn: Boastfulness; act of bragging. Shak.

BRAGGART Brag"gart, n. Etym: [OF. bragard flaunting, vain, bragging. See Brag, v. i.]

Defn: A boaster. O, I could play the woman with mine eyes, And braggart with my tongue. Shak.

BRAGGART
Brag"gart, a.

Defn: Boastful.
— Brag"gart*ly, adv.

BRAGGER
Brag"ger, n.

Defn: One who brags; a boaster.

BRAGGET Brag"get, n. Etym: [OE. braket, bragot, fr. W. bragawd, bragod, fr. brag malt.]

Defn: A liquor made of ale and honey fermented, with spices, etc.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

BRAGGINGLY
Brag"ging`ly, adv.

Defn: Boastingly.

BRAGLESS
Brag"less, a.

Defn: Without bragging. [R.] Shak.

BRAGLY
Brag"ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to be bragged of; finely; proudly. [Obs.] Spenser.

BRAHMA
Brah"ma, n. Etym: [See Brahman.]

1. (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The One First Cause; also, one of the triad of Hindoo gods. The triad consists of Brahma, the Creator, Vishnu, the Preserver, and Siva, the Destroyer.

Note: According to the Hindoo religious books, Brahma (with the final
a short), or Brahm, is the Divine Essence, the One First Cause, the
All in All, while the personal gods, Brahmá (with the final a long),
Vishnu, and Siva, are emanations or manifestations of Brahma the
Divine Essence.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A valuable variety of large, domestic fowl, peculiar in having the comb divided lengthwise into three parts, and the legs well feathered. There are two breeds, the dark or penciled, and the light; — called also Brahmapootra.

BRAHMAN; BRAHMIN
Brah"man, Brah"min, n.; pl. Brahmans, Brahmins. Etym: [Skr. Brahmana
(cf. Brahman worship, holiness; the God Brahma, also Brahman): cf. F.
Brahmane, Brachmane, Bramine, L. Brachmanae, -manes, -mani, pl., Gr.

Defn: A person of the highest or sacerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Brahman bull (Zoöl.), the male of a variety of the zebu, or Indian ox, considered sacred by the Hindoos.

BRAHMANESS
Brah"man*ess, n.

Defn: A Brahmani.

BRAHMANI
Brah"man*i, n. Etym: [Fem. of Brahman.]

Defn: Any Brahman woman. [Written also Brahmanee.]

BRAHMANIC; BRAHMANICAL; BRAHMAN-ICAL; BRAHMINIC; BRAHMINICAL;
BRAHMIN-ICAL
Brah*man"ic, -ic*al , Brah*min"ic (, *ic*al (, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Brahmans or to their doctrines and worship.

BRAHMANISM; BRAHMINISM
Brah"man*ism, Brah"min*ism, n.

Defn: The religion or system of doctrines of the Brahmans; the religion of Brahma.

BRAHMANIST; BRAHMINIST
Brah"man*ist, Brah"min*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of the religion of the Brahmans.

BRAHMOISM
Brah"mo*ism, n.

Defn: The religious system of Brahmo-somaj. Balfour.

BRAHMO-SOMAJ
Brah`mo-so*maj", n. Etym: [Bengalese, a wor

Defn: A modern reforming theistic sect among the Hindos. [Written also Brahma-samaj.]

BRAID Braid, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Braided; p. pr. & vb. n. Braiding.] Etym: [OE. braiden, breiden, to pull, reach, braid, AS. bregdan to move to and fro, to weave; akin. to Icel. breg, D. breiden to knit, OS. bregdan to weave, OHG. brettan to brandish. Cf. Broid.]

1. To weave, interlace, or entwine together, as three or more strands or threads; to form into a braid; to plait. Braid your locks with rosy twine. Milton.

2. To mingle, or to bring to a uniformly soft consistence, by beating, rubbing, or straining, as in some culinary operations.

3. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. Shak.

BRAID
Braid, n.

1. A plait, band, or narrow fabric formed by intertwining or weaving together different strands. A braid of hair composed of two different colors twined together. Scott.

2. A narrow fabric, as of wool, silk, or linen, used for binding, trimming, or ornamenting dresses, etc.

BRAID
Braid, n. Etym: [Cf.Icel. breg to move quickly.]

1. A quick motion; a start. [Obs.] Sackville.

2. A fancy; freak; caprice. [Obs.] R. Hyrde.

BRAID
Braid v. i.

Defn: To start; to awake. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRAID
Braid, a. Etym: [AS. bræd, bred, deceit; akin to Icel. brag trick,
AS. bredan, bregdan, to braid, knit, (hence) to knit a net, to draw
into a net, i.e., to deceive. See Braid, v. t.]

Defn: Deceitful. [Obs.]
Since Frenchmen are so braid, Marry that will, I live and die a maid.
Shak.

BRAIDING
Braid"ing, n.

1. The act of making or using braids.

2. Braids, collectively; trimming. A gentleman enveloped in mustachios, whiskers, fur collars, and braiding. Thackeray.

BRAIL Brail, n. Etym: [OE. brayle furling rope, OF. braiol a band placed around the breeches, fr.F. braies, pl., breeches, fr.L. braca, bracae, breeches, a Gallic word; cf. Arm. bragez. Cf. Breeches.]

1. (Falconry)

Defn: A thong of soft leather to bind up a hawk's wing.

2. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Ropes passing through pulleys, and used to haul in or up the leeches, bottoms, or corners of sails, preparatory to furling.

3. A stock at each end of a seine to keep it stretched.

BRAIL
Brail, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To haul up by the brails; — used with up; as, to brail up a sail.

BRAILLE
Braille, n.

Defn: A system of printing or writing for the blind in which the characters are represented by tangible points or dots. It was invented by Louis Braille, a French teacher of the blind.

BRAIN Brain, n. Etym: [OE. brain, brein, AS. bragen, brægen; akin to LG. brägen, bregen, D. brein, and perh. to Gr. 95.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.

Note: In the brain of man the cerebral lobes, or largest part of the forebrain, are enormously developed so as to overhang the cerebellum, the great lobe of the hindbrain, and completely cover the lobes of the midbrain. The surface of the cerebrum is divided into irregular ridges, or convolutions, separated by grooves (the so-called fissures and sulci), and the two hemispheres are connected at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure by a great transverse band of nervous matter, the corpus callosum, while the two halves of the cerebellum are connected on the under side of the brain by the bridge, or pons Varolii.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.

3. The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding. " My brain is too dull." Sir W. Scott.

Note: In this sense, often used in the plural.

4. The affections; fancy; imagination. [R.] Shak. To have on the brain, to have constantly in one's thoughts, as a sort of monomania. [Low] Brain box or case, the bony on cartilaginous case inclosing the brain. — Brain coral, Brain stone coral (Zoöl), a massive reef-building coral having the surface covered by ridges separated by furrows so as to resemble somewhat the surface of the brain, esp. such corals of the genera Mæandrina and Diploria. — Brain fag (Med.), brain weariness. See Cerebropathy. — Brain fever (Med.), fever in which the brain is specially affected; any acute cerebral affection attended by fever. — Brain sand, calcareous matter found in the pineal gland.

BRAIN
Brain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brained; p. pr. & vb. n. Braining.]

1. To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains.
Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
There thou mayst brain him. Shak.
It was the swift celerity of the death . . . That brained my purpose.
Shak.

2. To conceive; to understand. [Obs.] brain not. Shak.

BRAINED
Brained, p.a.

Defn: Supplied with brains.
If th' other two be brained like us. Shak.

BRAINISH
Brain"ish, a.

Defn: Hot-headed; furious. [R.] Shak.

BRAINLESS
Brain"less, a.

Defn: Without understanding; silly; thougthless; witless.
— Brain"less*ness, n.

BRAINPAN
Brain"pan`, n. Etym: [Brain + pan.]

Defn: The bones which inclose the brain; the skull; the cranium.

BRAINSICK
Brain"sick`, a.

Defn: Disordered in the understanding; giddy; thoughtless.
— Brain"sick*ness, n.

BRAINSICKLY
Brain"sick`ly, adv.

Defn: In a brainsick manner.

BRAINY
Brain"y, a.

Defn: Having an active or vigorous mind. [Colloq.]

BRAISE; BRAIZE
Braise, Braize, n. Etym: [So called from its iridescent colors.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A European marine fish (Pagrus vulgaris) allied to the American scup; the becker. The name is sometimes applied to the related species. [Also written brazier.]

BRAISE; BRAIZE
Braise, Braize, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Charcoal powder; breeze.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Braised meat.

BRAISE
Braise, v. t. Etym: [F. braiser, fr. braise coals.] (Cookery)

Defn: To stew or broil in a covered kettle or pan. A braising kettle has a deep cover which holds coals; consequently the cooking is done from above, as well as below. Mrs. Henderson.

BRAISER
Brais"er, n.

Defn: A kettle or pan for braising.

BRAIT Brait, n. Etym: [Cf.W. braith variegated, Ir. breath, breagh, fine, comely.]

Defn: A rough diamond.

BRAIZE
Braize, n.

Defn: See Braise.

BRAKE
Brake, imp.

Defn: of Break. [Arhaic] Tennyson.

BRAKE Brake, n. Etym: [OE. brake fern; cf. AS. bracce fern, LG. brake willow bush, Da. bregne fern, G. brach fallow; prob. orig. the growth on rough, broken ground, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v. t., cf. Bracken, and 2d Brake, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A fern of the genus Pteris, esp. the P. aquilina, common in almost all countries. It has solitary stems dividing into three principal branches. Less properly: Any fern.

2. A thicket; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles, with undergrowth and ferns, or with canes. Rounds rising hillocks, brakes obscure and rough, To shelter thee from tempest and from rain. Shak. He stayed not for brake, and he stopped not for stone. Sir W. Scott. Cane brake, a thicket of canes. See Canebrake.

BRAKE
Brake, n. Etym: [OE. brake; cf. LG. brake an instrument for breaking
flax, G. breche, fr. the root of E. break. See Break, v. t., and cf.
Breach.]

1. An instrument or machine to break or bruise the woody part of flax or hemp so that it may be separated from the fiber.

2. An extended handle by means of which a number of men can unite in working a pump, as in a fire engine.

3. A baker's kneading though. Johnson.

4. A sharp bit or snaffle. Pampered jades . . . which need nor break nor bit. Gascoigne.

5. A frame for confining a refractory horse while the smith is shoeing him; also, an inclosure to restrain cattle, horses, etc. A horse . . . which Philip had bought . . . and because of his fierceness kept him within a brake of iron bars. J. Brende.

6. That part of a carriage, as of a movable battery, or engine, which enables it to turn.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: An ancient engine of war analogous to the crossbow and ballista.

8. (Agric.)

Defn: A large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing; a drag.

9. A piece of mechanism for retarding or stopping motion by friction, as of a carriage or railway car, by the pressure of rubbers against the wheels, or of clogs or ratchets against the track or roadway, or of a pivoted lever against a wheel or drum in a machine.

10. (Engin.)

Defn: An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine, or other motor, by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake.

11. A cart or carriage without a body, used in breaking in horses.

12. An ancient instrument of torture. Holinshed. Air brake. See Air
brake, in the Vocabulary.
— Brake beam or Brake bar, the beam that connects the brake blocks
of opposite wheels.
— Brake block. (a) The part of a brake holding the brake shoe. (b)
A brake shoe.
— Brake shoe or Brake rubber, the part of a brake against which the
wheel rubs.
— Brake wheel, a wheel on the platform or top of a car by which
brakes are operated.
— Continuous brake . See under Continuous.

BRAKEMAN
Brake"man, n.; pl. Brakemen (.

1. (Railroads)

Defn: A man in charge of a brake or brakes.

2. (Mining)

Defn: The man in charge of the winding (or hoisting) engine for a mine.

BRAKY
Brak"y, a.

Defn: Full of brakes; abounding with brambles, shrubs, or ferns;
rough; thorny.
In the woods and braky glens. W. Browne.

BRAMA
Bra"ma, n.

Defn: See Brahma.

BRAMAH PRESS
Bra"mah press`.

Defn: A hydrostatic press of immense power, invented by Joseph Bramah of London. See under Hydrostatic.

BRAMBLE
Bram"ble, n. Etym: [OE. brembil, AS.brbramal), fr. the same root as
E. broom, As. br. See Broom.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Rubus, including the raspberry and blackberry. Hence: Any rough, prickly shrub. The thorny brambles, and embracing bushes. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brambling or bramble finch.

BRAMBLE BUSH
Bram"ble bush`. (Bot.)

Defn: The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together.
He jumped into a bramble bush And scratched out both his eyes. Mother
Goose.

BRAMBLED
Bram"bled, a.

Defn: Overgrown with brambles.
Forlorn she sits upon the brambled floor. T. Warton.

BRAMBLE NET
Bram"ble net`.

Defn: A net to catch birds.

BRAMBLING
Bram"bling, n. Etym: [OE. bramline. See Bramble, n.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European mountain finch (Fringilla montifringilla); — called also bramble finch and bramble.

BRAMBLY
Bram"bly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or full of, brambles. "In brambly wildernesses." Tennyson.

BRAME
Brame, n. Etym: [Cf. Breme.]

Defn: Sharp passion; vexation. [Obs.]
Heart-burning brame. Spenser.

BRAMIN; BRAMINIC
Bra"min, Bra*min"ic

Defn: , etc. See Brahman, Brachmanic, etc.

BRAN
Bran, n. Etym: [OE. bren, bran, OF. bren, F. bran, from Celtic; cf.
Armor. brenn, Ir. bran, bran, chaff.]

1. The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European carrion crow.

BRANCARD
Bran"card, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A litter on which a person may be carried. [Obs.] Coigrave.

BRANCH Branch, n.; pl. Branches (. Etym: [OE. braunche, F. branche, fr. LL. branca claw of a bird or beast of prey; cf. Armor. brank branch, bough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A shoot or secondary stem growing from the main stem, or from a principal limb or bough of a tree or other plant.

2. Any division extending like a branch; any arm or part connected with the main body of thing; ramification; as, the branch of an antler; the branch of a chandelier; a branch of a river; a branch of a railway. Most of the branches , or streams, were dried up. W. Irving.

3. Any member or part of a body or system; a distinct article; a section or subdivision; a department. "Branches of knowledge." Prescott. It is a branch and parcel of mine oath. Shak.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: One of the portions of a curve that extends outwards to an indefinitely great distance; as, the branches of an hyperbola.

5. A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line; as, the English branch of a family. His father, a younger branch of the ancient stock. Carew.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A warrant or commission given to a pilot, authorizing him to pilot vessels in certain waters. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron, which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. — Branch herring. See Alewife. — Root and branch , totally, wholly.

Syn.
— Bough; limb; shoot; offshoot; twig; sprig.

BRANCH
Branch, a.

Defn: Diverging from, or tributary to, a main stock, line, way, theme, etc.; as, a branch vein; a branch road or line; a branch topic; a branch store.

BRANCH
Branch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Branched; p. pr. & vb. n. Branching.]

1. To shoot or spread in branches; to separate into branches; to ramify.

2. To divide into separate parts or subdivision. To branch off, to form a branch or a separate part; to diverge. — To branch out, to speak diffusively; to extend one's discourse to other topics than the main one; also, to enlarge the scope of one's business, etc. To branch out into a long disputation. Spectator.

BRANCH
Branch, v. t.

1. To divide as into branches; to make subordinate division in.

2. To adorn with needlework representing branches, flowers, or twigs. The train whereof loose far behind her strayed, Branched with gold and pearl, most richly wrought. Spenser.

BRANCHER
Branch"er, n.

1. That which shoots forth branches; one who shows growth in various directions.

2. (Falconry)

Defn: A young hawk when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches.

BRANCHERY
Branch"er*y, n.

Defn: A system of branches.

BRANCHIA
Bran"chi*a, n.; pl. Branchiæ. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A gill; a respiratory organ for breathing the air contained in water, such as many aquatic and semiaquatic animals have.

BRANCHIAL
Bran"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to branchiæ or gills. Branchial arches, the bony or cartilaginous arches which support the gills on each side of the throat of fishes and amphibians. See Illustration in Appendix. — Branchial clefts, the openings between the branchial arches through which water passes.

BRANCHIATE
Bran"chi*ate, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished with branchiæ; as, branchiate segments.

BRANCHIFEROUS
Bran*chif"er*ous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Having gills; branchiate; as, branchiferous gastropods.

BRANCHINESS
Branch"i*ness, n.

Defn: Fullness of branches.

BRANCHING
Branch"ing, a.

Defn: Furnished with branches; shooting our branches; extending in a
branch or branches.
Shaded with branching palm. Milton.

BRANCHING
Branch"ing, n.

Defn: The act or state of separation into branches; division into branches; a division or branch. The sciences, with their numerous branchings. L. Watts.

BRANCHIOGASTROPODA
Bran`chi*o*gas*trop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. gastropoda.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Those Gastropoda that breathe by branchiæ, including the
Prosobranchiata and Opisthobranchiata.

BRANCHIOMERISM
Bran`chi*om"er*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. -mere.] (Anat.)

Defn: The state of being made up of branchiate segments. R.
Wiedersheim.

BRANCHIOPOD
Bran"chi*o*pod, n.

Defn: One of the Branchiopoda.

BRANCHIOPODA
Bran"chi*o*poda, n. pl. Etym: [Gr. -poda: cf. F. branchiopode.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Entomostraca; — so named from the feet of branchiopods having been supposed to perform the function of gills. It includes the fresh-water genera Branchipus, Apus, and Limnadia, and the genus Artemia found in salt lakes. It is also called Phyllopoda. See Phyllopoda, Cladocera. It is sometimes used in a broader sense.

BRANCHIOSTEGAL
Bran`chi*os"te*gal, a. Etym: [Gr. branchiostège.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the membrane covering the gills of fishes.
— n. (Anat.)

Defn: A branchiostegal ray. See Illustration of Branchial arches in
Appendix.

Note: This term was formerly applied to a group of fishes having boneless branchiæ. But the arrangement was artificial, and has been rejected.

BRANCHIOSTEGE
Bran`chi*os"tege, (Anat.)

Defn: The branchiostegal membrane. See Illustration in Appendix.

BRANCHIOSTEGOUS
Bran`chi*os"te*gous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Branchiostegal.

BRANCHIOSTOMA
Bran`chi*os"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lancelet. See Amphioxus.

BRANCHIURA
Bran"chi*u"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of Entomostraca, with suctorial mouths, including species parasitic on fishes, as the carp lice (Argulus).

BRANCHLESS
Branch"less, a.

Defn: Destitude of branches or shoots; without any valuable product; barren; naked.

BRANCHLET
Branch"let, n. Etym: [Branch + -let.]

Defn: A little branch; a twig.

BRANCH PILOT
Branch" pi`lot.

Defn: A pilot who has a branch or commission, as from Trinity House,
England, for special navigation.

BRANCHY
Branch"y, a.

Defn: Full of branches; having wide-spreading branches; consisting of
branches.
Beneath thy branchy bowers of thickest gloom. J. Scott.

BRAND Brand, n. Etym: [OE. brand, brond, AS. brand brond brand, sword, from byrnan, beornan, to burn; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. brand brand, Icel. brandr a brand, blade of a sword. sq. root32. See Burn, v. t., and cf. Brandish.]

1. A burning piece of wood; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt, whether burning or after the fire is extinct. Snatching a live brand from a wigwam, Mason threw it on a matted roof. Palfrey.

2. A sword, so called from its glittering or flashing brightness.
[Poetic] Tennyson.
Paradise, so late their happy seat, Waved over by that flaming brand.
Milton.

3. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a cask, to designate the quality, manufacturer, etc., of the contents, or upon an animal, to designate ownership; — also, a mark for a similar purpose made in any other way, as with a stencil. Hence, figurately: Quality; kind; grade; as, a good brand of flour.

4. A mark put upon criminals with a hot iron. Hence: Any mark of infamy or vice; a stigma. The brand of private vice. Channing.

5. An instrument to brand with; a branding iron.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Any minute fungus which produces a burnt appearance in plants.
The brands are of many species and several genera of the order
Pucciniæi.

BRAND
Brand, v.t [imp. & p. p. Branded; p. pr. & vb. n. Branding.].

1. To burn a distinctive mark into or upon with a hot iron, to indicate quality, ownership, etc., or to mark as infamous (as a convict).

2. To put an actual distinctive mark upon in any other way, as with a stencil, to show quality of contents, name of manufacture, etc.

3. Fig.: To fix a mark of infamy, or a stigma, upon. The Inquisition branded its victims with infamy. Prescott. There were the enormities, branded and condemned by the first and most natural verdict of common humanity. South.

4. To mark or impress indelibly, as with a hot iron. As if it were branded on my mind. Geo. Eliot. Brand"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.

2. A gridiron. [Scot.]

BRANDENBURG Bran"den*burg, n. [So named after Brandenburg, a province and a town of Prussia.]

Defn: A kind of decoration for the breast of a coat, sometimes only a frog with a loop, but in some military uniforms enlarged into a broad horizontal stripe.

He wore a coat . . . trimmed with Brandenburgs.
Smollett.

BRANDER
Brand"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, brands; a branding iron.

2. A gridiron. [Scot.]

BRAND GOOSE
Brand" goose`. Etym: [Prob. fr. 1st brand + goose: cf. Sw. brandgås.
Cf. Brant.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) usually called in
America brant. See Brant.

BRANDIED
Bran"died, a.

Defn: Mingled with brandy; made stronger by the addition of brandy; flavored or treated with brandy; as, brandied peaches.

BRANDING IRON
Brand"ing i`*ron.

Defn: An iron to brand with.

BRAND IRON
Brand" i`ron.

1. A branding iron.

2. A trivet to set a pot on. Huloet.

3. The horizontal bar of an andiron.

BRANDISH
Bran"dish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brandished; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brandishing.] Etym: [OE. braundisen, F. brandir, fr. brand a sword,
fr. OHG. brant brand. See Brand, n.]

1. To move or wave, as a weapon; to raise and move in various directions; to shake or flourish. The quivering lance which he brandished bright. Drake.

2. To play with; to flourish; as, to brandish syllogisms.

BRANDISH
Bran"dish, n.

Defn: A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc. "Brandishes of the fan." Tailer.

BRANDISHER
Bran"dish*er, n.

Defn: One who brandishes.

BRANDLE
Bran"dle, v. t. & i. Etym: [F. brandiller.]

Defn: To shake; to totter. [Obs.]

BRANDLING; BRANDLIN
Brand"ling, Brand"lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Branlin, fish and worm.

BRAND-NEW
Brand"-new", a. Etym: [See Brand, and cf. Brannew.]

Defn: Quite new; bright as if fresh from the forge.

BRAND SPORE
Brand" spore`. (Bot.)

Defn: One of several spores growing in a series or chain, and produced by one of the fungi called brand.

BRANDY Bran"dy, n.; pl. Brandies. Etym: [From older brandywine, brandwine, fr. D. brandewijn, fr. p. p. of branden to burn, distill + wijn wine, akin to G. branntwein. See Brand.]

Defn: A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from wine. The name is also given to spirit distilled from other liquors, and in the United States to that distilled from cider and peaches. In northern Europe, it is also applied to a spirit obtained from grain. Brandy fruit, fruit preserved in brandy and sugar.

BRANDYWINE
Bran"dy*wine`, n.

Defn: Brandy. [Obs.] Wiseman.

BRANGLE Bran"gle, n. Etym: [Prov. E. brangled confused, entangled, Scot. brangle to shake, menace; probably a variant of wrangle, confused with brawl.]

Defn: A wrangle; a squabble; a noisy contest or dispute. [R.]
A brangle between him and his neighbor. Swift.

BRANGLE
Bran"gle, v.i [imp. & p. p. Brangled; p. pr. & vb. n. Brangling.]

Defn: To wrangle; to dispute contentiously; to squabble. [R.]

BRANGLEMENT
Bran"gle*ment, n.

Defn: Wrangle; brangle. [Obs.]

BRANGLER
Bran"gler, n.

Defn: A quarrelsome person.

BRANGLING
Bran"gling, n.

Defn: A quarrel. [R.] Whitlock.

BRANK
Brank, n. Etym: [Prov. of Celtic origin; cf. L. brance, brace, the
Gallic name of a particularly white kind of corn.]

Defn: Buckwheat. [Local, Eng.] Halliwell.

BRANK; BRANKS Brank, Branks, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. brangus, brangas, a sort of pillory, Ir. brancas halter, or D. pranger fetter.]

1. A sort of bridle with wooden side pieces. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Jamieson.

2. A scolding bridle, an instrument formerly used for correcting scolding women. It was an iron frame surrounding the head and having a triangular piece entering the mouth of the scold.

BRANK
Brank, v. i.

1. To hold up and toss the head; — applied to horses as spurning the bit. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

2. To prance; to caper. [Scot.] Jamieson.

BRANKURSINE Brank"ur*sine, n. Etym: [F. branc-ursine, branch-ursine, fr. LL. branca claw + L. ursinus belonging to a bear (fr. ursus bear), i .e., bear's claw, because its leaves resemble the claws of a bear. Cf. Branch.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bear's-breech, or Acanthus.

BRANLIN
Bran"lin, n. Etym: [Scot. branlie fr. brand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon or parr, in the stage in which it has transverse black bands, as if burned by a gridiron.

BRANLIN
Bran"lin, n. Etym: [See Brand.]

Defn: A small red worm or larva, used as bait for small fresh-water fish; — so called from its red color.

BRAN-NEW
Bran"-new", a.

Defn: See Brand-new.

BRANNY
Bran"ny, a.

Defn: Having the appearance of bran; consisting of or containing bran. Wiseman.

BRANSLE
Bran"sle, n. Etym: [See Brawl a dance.]

Defn: A brawl or dance. [Obs.] Spenser.

BRANT
Brant, n. Etym: [Cf.Brand goose, Brent, Brenicle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of wild goose (Branta bernicla) — called also brent and brand goose. The name is also applied to other related species.

BRANT
Brant, a. Etym: [See Brent.]

Defn: Steep. [Prov. Eng.]

BRANTAIL
Bran"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European redstart; — so called from the red color of its tail.

BRANT-FOX
Brant"-fox`, n. Etym: [For brand-fox; cf. G. brandfuchs, Sw. bradräf.
So called from its yellowish brown and somewhat black color. See
Brand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of fox found in Sweden (Vulpes alopex), smaller than the common fox (V. vulgaris), but probably a variety of it.

BRANULAR
Bran"u*lar, a.

Defn: Relating to the brain; cerebral. I. Taylor.

BRASEN
Bra"sen, a.

Defn: Same as Brazen.

BRASH Brash, a. Etym: [Cf. Gael. bras or G. barsch harsh, sharp, tart, impetuous, D. barsch, Sw. & Dan. barsk.]

Defn: Hasty in temper; impetuous. Grose.

BRASH
Brash, a. Etym: [Cf. Amer. bresk, brusk, fragile, brittle.]

Defn: Brittle, as wood or vegetables. [Colloq., U. S.] Bartlett.

BRASH
Brash, n. Etym: [See Brash brittle.]

1. A rash or eruption; a sudden or transient fit of sickness.

2. Refuse boughs of trees; also, the clippings of hedges. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Broken and angular fragments of rocks underlying alluvial deposits. Lyell.

4. Broken fragments of ice. Kane. Water brash (Med.), an affection characterized by a spasmodic pain or hot sensation in the stomach with a rising of watery liquid into the mouth; pyrosis. — Weaning brash (Med.), a severe form of diarrhea which sometimes attacks children just weaned.

BRASHY
Brash"y, a.

1. Resembling, or of the nature of, brash, or broken fragments; broken; crumbly.

Our progress was not at all impeded by the few soft, brashy floes
that we encountered.
F. T. Bullen.

2. Showery; characterized by brashes, or showers.

BRASIER; BRAZIER
Bra"sier, Bra"zier, n. Etym: [OE. brasiere, F. braise live coals. See
Brass.]

Defn: An artificer who works in brass. Franklin.

BRASIER; BRAZIER Bra"sier, Bra"zier, n. Etym: [F. brasier, braisíer, fr. braise live coals. See Brass.]

Defn: A pan for holding burning coals.

BRASILIN; BRASILEIN
Bras"i*lin, Bras"i*lein, n. [Cf. F. brésiline. See 2d Brazil.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A substance, C16H14O5, extracted from brazilwood as a yellow crystalline powder which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies on exposure to the air, being oxidized to bra*sil"e*in, C16H12O5, to which brazilwood owes its dyeing properties.

BRASQUE
Brasque, n. [F.] (Metal.)

Defn: A paste made by mixing powdered charcoal, coal, or coke with clay, molasses, tar, or other suitable substance. It is used for lining hearths, crucibles, etc. Called also steep.

BRASS
Brass, n.; pl. Brasses. Etym: [OE. bras, bres, AS. bræs; akin to
Icel. bras cement, solder, brasa to harden by fire, and to E. braze,
brazen. Cf. 1st & 2d Braze.]

1. An alloy (usually yellow) of copper and zinc, in variable proportion, but often containing two parts of copper to one part of zinc. It sometimes contains tin, and rarely other metals.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A journal bearing, so called because frequently made of brass.
A brass is often lined with a softer metal, when the latter is
generally called a white metal lining. See Axle box, Journal Box, and
Bearing.

3. Coin made of copper, brass, or bronze. [Obs.] Provide neither gold, nor silver, nor brass in your purses, nor scrip for your journey. Matt. x. 9.

4. Impudence; a brazen face. [Colloq.]

5. pl.

Defn: Utensils, ornaments, or other articles of brass.
The very scullion who cleans the brasses. Hopkinson.

6. A brass plate engraved with a figure or device. Specifically, one used as a memorial to the dead, and generally having the portrait, coat of arms, etc.

7. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Lumps of pyrites or sulphuret of iron, the color of which is near to that of brass.

Note: The word brass as used in Sculpture language is a translation for copper or some kind of bronze.

Note: Brass is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, brass button, brass kettle, brass founder, brass foundry or brassfoundry. Brass band (Mus.), a band of musicians who play upon wind instruments made of brass, as trumpets, cornets, etc. — Brass foil, Brass leaf, brass made into very thin sheets; — called also Dutch gold.

BRASSAGE
Bras"sage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A sum formerly levied to pay the expense of coinage; — now called seigniorage.

BRASSART
Bras"sart, n. Etym: [F. brassard, fr. bras arm. See Brace, n.]

Defn: Armor for the arm; — generally used for the whole arm from the shoulder to the wrist, and consisting, in the 15th and 16th centuries, of many parts.

BRASSE Brasse, n. Etym: [Perh. a transposition of barse; but cf. LG. brasse the bream, G. brassen Cf. Bream.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spotted European fish of the genus Lucioperca, resembling a perch.

BRASSETS
Bras"sets, n.

Defn: See Brassart.

BRASSICA
Bras"si*ca, n. Etym: [L., cabbage.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants embracing several species ad varieties differing much in appearance and qualities: such as the common cabbage (B. oleracea), broccoli, cauliflowers, etc.; the wild turnip (B. campestris); the common turnip (B. rapa); the rape of coleseed (B. napus), etc.

BRASSICACEOUS
Bras`si*ca"ceous, a. Etym: [L. brassica cabbage.] (Bot.)

Defn: Related to, or resembling, the cabbage, or plants of the
Cabbage family.

BRASSIERE
Bras`sière", n. [F.]

Defn: A form of woman's underwaist stiffened with whalebones, or the like, and worn to support the breasts.

BRASSINESS
Brass"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state, conditions, or quality of being brassy. [Colloq.]

BRASS-VISAGED
Brass"-vis"aged, a.

Defn: Impudent; bold.

BRASSY
Brass"y, a.

1. Of or pertaining to brass; having the nature, appearance, or hardness, of brass.

2. Impudent; impudently bold. [Colloq.]

BRAST
Brast, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Burst.]

Defn: To burst. [Obs.]
And both his yën braste out of his face. Chaucer.
Dreadfull furies which their chains have brast. Spenser.

BRAT
Brat, n. Etym: [OE. bratt coarse garnment, AS. bratt cloak, fr. the
Celtic; cf. W. brat clout, rag, Gael. brat cloak, apron, raf, Ir.
brat cloak; properly then, a child's bib or clout; hence, a child.]

1. A coarse garnment or cloak; also, coarse clothing, in general. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A coarse kind of apron for keeping the clothes clean; a bib. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wright.

3. A child; an offspring; — formerly used in a good sense, but now usually in a contemptuous sense. "This brat is none of mine." Shak. "A beggar's brat." Swift. O Israel! O household of the Lord! O Abraham's brats! O brood of blessed seed! Gascoigne.

4. The young of an animal. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

BRAT
Brat, n. (Mining)

Defn: A thin bed of coal mixed with pyrites or carbonate of lime.

BRATSCHE Brat"sche, n. Etym: [G., fr. It. viola da braccio viola held on the arm.]

Defn: The tenor viola, or viola.

BRATTICE Brat"tice, n. Etym: [See Brettice.] (Mining) (a) A wall of separation in a shaft or gallery used for ventilation. (b) Planking to support a roof or wall.

BRATTISHING
Brat"tish*ing, n.

1. See Brattice, n.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: Carved openwork, as of a shrine, battlement, or parapet.

BRAUNITE
Braun"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A native oxide of manganese, of dark brownish black color. It was named from a Mr. Braun of Gotha.

BRAVADE
Bra*vade" (, n.

Defn: Bravado. [Obs.] Fanshawe.

BRAVADO Bra*va"do, n., pl. Bravadoes. Etym: [Sp. bravada, bravata, boast, brag: cf. F. bravade. See Brave.]

Defn: Boastful and threatening behavior; a boastful menace.
In spite of our host's bravado. Irving.

BRAVE
Brave, a. [Compar. Braver; superl. Bravest.] Etym: [F. brave, It. or
Sp. bravo, (orig.) fierce, wild, savage, prob. from. L. barbarus. See
Barbarous, and cf. Bravo.]

1. Bold; courageous; daring; intrepid; — opposed to cowardly; as, a brave man; a brave act.

2. Having any sort of superiority or excellence; — especially such as in conspicuous. [Obs. or Archaic as applied to material things.] Iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth. Bacon. It being a brave day, I walked to Whitehall. Pepys.

3. Making a fine show or display. [Archaic] Wear my dagger with the braver grace. Shak. For I have gold, and therefore will be brave. In silks I'll rattle it of every color. Robert Greene. Frog and lizard in holiday coats And turtle brave in his golden spots. Emerson.

Syn. — Courageous; gallant; daring; valiant; valorous; bold; heroic; intrepid; fearless; dauntless; magnanimous; high-spirited; stout- hearted. See Gallant.

BRAVE
Brave, n.

1. A brave person; one who is daring. The star-spangled banner, O,long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave. F. S. Key.

2. Specifically, an Indian warrior.

3. A man daring beyond discretion; a bully. Hot braves like thee may fight. Dryden.

4. A challenge; a defiance; bravado. [Obs.] Demetrius, thou dost overween in all; And so in this, to bear me down with braves. Shak.

BRAVE
Brave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Braved; p. pr. & vb. n. Braving.]

1. To encounter with courage and fortitude; to set at defiance; to defy; to dare. These I can brave, but those I can not bear. Dryden.

2. To adorn; to make fine or showy. [Obs.] Thou [a tailor whom Grunio was browbeating] hast braved meny men; brave not me; I'll neither be faced or braved. Shak.

BRAVELY
Brave"ly, adv.

1. In a brave manner; courageously; gallantly; valiantly; splendidly; nobly.

2. Finely; gaudily; gayly; showily. And [she] decked herself bravely to allure the eyes of all men that should see her. Judith. x. 4.

3. Well; thrivingly; prosperously. [Colloq.]

BRAVENESS
Brave"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of state or being brave.

BRAVERY
Brav"er*y, n. Etym: [Cf. F. braverie.]

1. The quality of being brave; fearless; intrepidity. Remember, sir, my liege, . . . The natural bravery of your isle. Shak.

2. The act of braving; defiance; bravado. [Obs.] Reform, then, without bravery or scandal of former times and persons.

3. Splendor; magnificence; showy appearance; ostentation; fine dress.
With scarfs and fans and double change of bravery. Shak.
Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on, and tackle trim.
Milton.

4. A showy person; a fine gentleman; a beau. [Obs.] A man that is the bravery of his age. Beau. & Fl.

Syn. — Courage; heroism; interpidity; gallantry; valor; fearlessness; dauntlessness; hardihood; manfulness. See Courage, and Heroism.

BRAVING
Brav"ing, n.

Defn: A bravado; a boast.
With so proud a strain Of threats and bravings. Chapman.

BRAVINGLY
Brav"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a defiant manner.

BRAVO
Bra"vo, n.; pl. Bravoes. Etym: [I. See Brave, a.]

Defn: A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance; a professional assassin or murderer. Safe from detection, seize the unwary prey. And stab, like bravoes, all who come this way. Churchill.

BRAVO
Bra"vo, interj. Etym: [It. See Brave.]

Defn: Well done! excellent! an exclamation expressive of applause.

BRAVURA
Bra*vu"ra, n. Etym: [It., (properly) bravery, spirit, from bravo. See
Brave.] (Mus.)

Defn: A florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill of a performer; virtuoso music. Aria di bravura ( Etym: [It.], a florid air demanding brilliant execution.

BRAW
Braw, a. [See Brave, a.] [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

1. Well-dressed; handsome; smart; brave; — used of persons or their clothing, etc.; as, a braw lad. "A braw new gown." Burns.

2. Good; fine. "A braw night." Sir W. Scott.

BRAWL Brawl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brawled; p. pr. & vb. n. Brawling.] Etym: [OE. braulen to quarrel, boast, brallen to cry, make a noise; cf. LG. brallen to brag, MHG. prulen, G. prahlen, F. brailler to cry, shout, Pr. brailar, braillar, W. bragal to vociferate, brag, Armor. bragal to romp, to strut, W. broliaw to brag, brawl boast.

1. To quarrel noisily and outrageously. Let a man that is a man consider that he is a fool that brawleth openly with his wife. Golden Boke.

2. To complain loudly; to scold.

3. To make a loud confused noise, as the water of a rapid stream running over stones. Where the brook brawls along the painful road. Wordsworth.

Syn.
— To wrangle; squabble; contend.

BRAWL
Brawl, n.

Defn: A noisy quarrel; loud, angry contention; a wrangle; a tumult;
as, a drunken brawl.
His sports were hindered by the brawls. Shak
.

Syn.
— Noise; quarrel; uproar; row; tumult.

BRAWLER
Brawl"er, n.

Defn: One that brawls; wrangler. Common brawler (Law), one who disturbs a neighborhood by brawling (and is therefore indictable at common law as a nuisance). Wharton.

BRAWLING
Brawl"ing, a.

1. Quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy. She is an irksome brawling scold. Shak.

2. Making a loud confused noise. See Brawl, v. i., 3. A brawling stream. J. S. Shairp.

BRAWLINGLY
Brawl"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brawling manner.

BRAWN Brawn, n. Etym: [OF. braon fleshy part, muscle, fr. HG. br flesh, G. braten roast meat; akin to Icel. br flesh, food of beasts, AS. brbr to roast, G. braten, and possibly to E. breed.]

1. A muscle; flesh. [Obs.] Formed well of brawns and of bones. Chaucer.

2. Full, strong muscles, esp. of the arm or leg, muscular strength; a protuberant muscular part of the body; sometimes, the arm. Brawn without brains is thine. Dryden. It was ordained that murderers should be brent on the brawn of the left hand. E. Hall. And in my vantbrace put this withered brawn. Shak.

3. The flesh of a boar; also, the salted and prepared flesh of a boar. The best age for the boar is from two to five years, at which time it is best to geld him, or sell him for brawn. Mortimer.

4. A boar. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

BRAWNED
Brawned, a.

Defn: Brawny; strong; muscular. [Obs.] Spenser.

BRAWNER
Brawn"er, n.

Defn: A boor killed for the table.

BRAWNINESS
Brawn"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brawny.

BRAWNY
Brawn"y, a.

Defn: Having large, strong muscles; muscular; fleshy; strong. "Brawny limbs." W. Irving.

Syn. — Muscular; fleshy; strong; bulky; sinewy; athletic; stalwart; powerful; robust.

BRAXY Brax"y, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. breac rheum, broc sickness, Ir. bracha corruption. Jamieson.]

1. A disease of sheep. The term is variously applied in different localities. [Scot.]

2. A diseased sheep, or its mutton.

BRAY
Bray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Braying.] Etym:
[OE. brayen, OF. breier, F. broyer to pound, grind, fr. OHG. brehhan
to break. See Break.]

Defn: To pound, beat, rub, or grind small or fine. Though thou shouldest bray a fool in a mortar, . . . yet will not his foolishness depart from him. Prov. xxvii. 22.

BRAY Bray, v. i. Etym: [OE brayen, F. braire to bray, OF. braire to cry, fr. LL. bragire to whinny; perh. fr. the Celtic and akin to E. break; or perh. of imitative origin.]

1. To utter a loud, harsh cry, as an ass. Laugh, and they Return it louder than an ass can bray. Dryden.

2. To make a harsh, grating, or discordant noise. Heard ye the din of battle bray Gray.

BRAY
Bray, v. t.

Defn: To make or utter with a loud, discordant, or harsh and grating
sound.
Arms on armor clashing, brayed Horrible discord. MIlton.
And varying notes the war pipes brayed. Sir W. Scott.

BRAY
Bray, n.

Defn: The harsh cry of an ass; also, any harsh, grating, or
discordant sound.
The bray and roar of multitudinous London. Jerrold.

BRAY Bray, n. Etym: [OE. braye, brey, brew, eyebrow, brow of a hill, hill, bank, Scot. bra, brae, bray, fr. AS. br eyebrow, influenced by the allied Icel. br eyebrow, bank, also akin to AS. brBrow.]

Defn: A bank; the slope of a hill; a hill. See Brae, which is now the usual spelling. [North of Eng. & Scot.] Fairfax.

BRAYER
Bray"er, n.

Defn: An implement for braying and spreading ink in hand printing.

BRAYER
Bray"er, n.

Defn: One that brays like an ass. Pope.

BRAYING
Bray"ing, a.

Defn: Making a harsh noise; blaring. "Braying trumpets." Shak.

BRAZE Braze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brazed; p. pr & vb. n. Brazing.] Etym: [F. braser to solder, fr. Icel. brasa to harden by fire. Cf. Brass.]

1. To solder with hard solder, esp. with an alloy of copper and zinc; as, to braze the seams of a copper pipe.

2. To harden. "Now I am brazes to it." Shak.

BRAZE
Braze, v. t. Etym: [AS. bræsian, fr. bræs brass. See Brass.]

Defn: To cover or ornament with brass. Chapman.

BRAZEN
Bra"zen, a.Etym: [OE. brasen, AS. bræsen. See Brass.]

1. Pertaining to, made of, or resembling, brass.

2. Sounding harsh and loud, like resounding brass.

3. Impudent; immodest; shameless; having a front like brass; as, a brazen countenance. Brazen age. (a) (Myth.) The age of war and lawlessness which succeeded the silver age. (b) (Archæol.) See under Bronze. — Brazen sea (Jewish Antiq.), a large laver of brass, placed in Solomon's temple for the use of the priests.

BRAZEN
Bra"zen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brazened; p. pr. & vb. n. Brazening.]

Defn: To carry through impudently or shamelessly; as, to brazen the
matter through.
Sabina brazened it out before Mrs. Wygram, but inwardly she was
resolved to be a good deal more circumspect. W. Black.

BRAZEN-BROWED
Bra"zen-browed`, a.

Defn: Shamelessly impudent. Sir T. Browne.

BRAZENFACE
Bra"zen*face`, n.

Defn: An impudent of shameless person. "Well said, brazenface; hold it out." Shak.

BRAZENFACED
Bra"zen*faced`, a.

Defn: Impudent; shameless.

BRAZENLY
Bra"zen*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bold, impudent manner.

BRAZENNESS
Bra"zen*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being brazen. Johnson.

BRAZIER
Bra"zier, n.

Defn: Same as Brasier.

BRAZILETTO
Braz`i*let"to, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. & Sp. brasilete, It. brasiletto.]

Defn: See Brazil wood.

BRAZILIAN
Bra*zil"ian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Brasil.
— n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Brazil. Brazilian pebble. See
Pebble, n., 2.

BRAZILIN
Braz"i*lin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. brésiline. See Brazil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance contained in both Brazil wood and Sapan wood, from which it is extracted as a yellow crystalline substance which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies. [Written also brezilin.]

BRAZIL NUT
Bra*zil" nut`. (Bot.)

Defn: An oily, three-sided nut, the seed of the Bertholletia excelsa; the cream nut.

Note: From eighteen to twenty-four of the seed or "nuts" grow in a hard and nearly globular shell.

BRAZIL WOOD
Bra*zil" wood`. Etym: [OE. brasil, LL. brasile (cf. Pg. & Sp. brasil,
Pr. bresil, Pr. bresil); perh. from Sp. or Pg. brasa a live coal (cf.
Braze, Brasier); or Ar. vars plant for dyeing red or yellow. This
name was given to the wood from its color; and it is said that King
Emanuel, of Portugal, gave the name Brazil to the country in South
America on account of its producing this wood.]

1. The wood of the oriental Cæsalpinia Sapan; — so called before the discovery of America.

2. A very heavy wood of a reddish color, imported from Brazil and other tropical countries, for cabinet-work, and for dyeing. The best is the heartwood of Cæsalpinia echinata, a leguminous tree; but other trees also yield it. An interior sort comes from Jamaica, the timber of C. Braziliensis and C. crista. This is often distinguished as Braziletto , but the better kind is also frequently so named.

BREACH Breach, n. Etym: [OE. breke, breche, AS. brice, gebrice, gebrece (in comp.), fr. brecan to break; akin to Dan. bræk, MHG. breche, gap, breach. See Break, and cf. Brake (the instrument), Brack a break] .

1. The act of breaking, in a figurative sense.

2. Specifically: A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment; as, a breach of contract; a breach of promise.

3. A gap or opening made made by breaking or battering, as in a wall or fortification; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence; a break; a rupture. Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more; Or close the wall up with our English dead. Shak.

4. A breaking of waters, as over a vessel; the waters themselves;
surge; surf.
The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach
of waters. 2 Sam. v. 20
A clear breach implies that the waves roll over the vessel without
breaking.
— A clean breach implies that everything on deck is swept away.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.

5. A breaking up of amicable relations; rupture. There's fallen between him and my lord An unkind breach. Shak.

6. A bruise; a wound. Breach for breach, eye for eye. Lev. xxiv. 20

7. (Med.)

Defn: A hernia; a rupture.

8. A breaking out upon; an assault. The Lord had made a breach upon Uzza. 1. Chron. xiii. 11 Breach of falth, a breaking, or a failure to keep, an expressed or implied promise; a betrayal of confidence or trust. — Breach of peace, disorderly conduct, disturbing the public peace. — Breach of privilege, an act or default in violation of the privilege or either house of Parliament, of Congress, or of a State legislature, as, for instance, by false swearing before a committee. Mozley. Abbott. - Breach of promise, violation of one's plighted word, esp. of a promise to marry. — Breach of trust, violation of one's duty or faith in a matter entrusted to one.

Syn. — Rent; cleft; chasm; rift; aperture; gap; break; disruption; fracture; rupture; infraction; infringement; violation; quarrel; dispute; contention; difference; misunderstanding.

BREACH
Breach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breached ( ; p. pr. & vb. n. Breaching.]

Defn: To make a breach or opening in; as, to breach the walls of a city.

BREACH
Breach, v. i.

Defn: To break the water, as by leaping out; — said of a whale.

BREACHY
Breach"y, a.

Defn: Apt to break fences or to break out of pasture; unruly; as, breachy cattle.

BREAD Bread, v. t. Etym: [AS. brædan to make broad, to spread. See Broad, a.]

Defn: To spread. [Obs.] Ray.

BREAD
Bread, n. Etym: [AS. breád; akin to OFries. brad, OS. br, D. brood,
G. brod, brot, Icel. brau, Sw. & Dan. bröd. The root is probably that
of E. brew. Brew.]

1. An article of food made from flour or meal by moistening, kneading, and baking.

Note: Raised bread is made with yeast, salt, and sometimes a little butter or lard, and is mixed with warm milk or water to form the dough, which, after kneading, is given time to rise before baking. — Cream of tartar bread is raised by the action of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate (as saleratus or ammonium bicarbonate) and cream of tartar (acid tartrate of potassium) or some acid. — Unleavened bread is usually mixed with water and salt only. Aërated bread. See under Aërated. Bread and butter (fig.), means of living. — Brown bread, Indian bread, Graham bread, Rye and Indian bread. See Brown bread, under Brown. — Bread tree. See Breadfruit.

2. Food; sustenance; support of life, in general. Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11

BREAD
Bread, v. t. (Cookery)

Defn: To cover with bread crumbs, preparatory to cooking; as, breaded cutlets.

BREADBASKET
Bread"bas`ket, n.

Defn: The stomach. [Humorous] S. Foote.

BREADCORN
Bread"corn`.

Defn: Corn of grain of which bread is made, as wheat, rye, etc.

BREADED
Bread"ed, a.

Defn: Braided [Obs.] Spenser.

BREADEN
Bread"en, a.

Defn: Made of bread. [R.]

BREADFRUIT
Bread"fruit`, n. (Bot.)

1. The fruit of a tree (Artocarpus incisa) found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also breadfruit tree and bread tree.

BREADLESS
Bread"less, a.

Defn: Without bread; destitude of food.
Plump peers and breadless bards alike are dull. P. Whitehead.

BREADROOT
Bread`root", n. (Bot.)

Defn: The root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta), found near the Rocky Mountains. It is usually oval in form, and abounds in farinaceous matter, affording sweet and palatable food.

Note: It is the Pomme blanche of Canadian voyageurs.

BREADSTUFF
Bread"stuff, n.

Defn: Grain, flour, or meal of which bread is made.

BREADTH Breadth, n. Etym: [OE. brede, breede, whence later bredette, AS. brbrad broad. See Broad, a.]

1. Distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length; width.

2. (Fine Arts) The quality of having the colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details, producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; — called also breadth of effect. Breadth of coloring is a prominent character in the painting of all great masters. Weale.

BREADTHLESS
Breadth"less, a.

Defn: Without breadth.

BREADTHWAYS
Breadth"ways, ads.

Defn: Breadthwise. Whewell.

BREADTHWISE
Breadth"wise, ads.

Defn: In the direction of the breadth.

BREADWINNER
Bread"win`ner, n.

Defn: The member of a family whose labor supplies the food of the family; one who works for his living. H. Spencer.

BREAK Break, v. t. [imp. broke, (Obs. Brake); p. p. Broken (, (Obs. Broke); p. pr. & vb. n. Breaking.] Etym: [OE. breken, AS. brecan; akin to OS. brekan, D. breken, OHG. brehhan, G. brechen, Icel.braka to creak, Sw. braka, bräkka to crack, Dan. brække to break, Goth. brikan to break, L. frangere. Cf. Bray to pound, Breach, Fragile.]

1. To strain apart; to sever by fracture; to divide with violence; as, to break a rope or chain; to break a seal; to break an axle; to break rocks or coal; to break a lock. Shak.

2. To lay open as by breaking; to divide; as, to break a package of goods.

3. To lay open, as a purpose; to disclose, divulge, or communicate. Katharine, break thy mind to me. Shak.

4. To infringe or violate, as an obligation, law, or promise. Out, out, hyena! these are thy wonted arts . . . To break all faith, all vows, deceive, betray. Milton

5. To interrupt; to destroy the continuity of; to dissolve or terminate; as, to break silence; to break one's sleep; to break one's journey. Go, release them, Ariel; My charms I'll break, their senses I'll restore. Shak.

6. To destroy the completeness of; to remove a part from; as, to break a set.

7. To destroy the arrangement of; to throw into disorder; to pierce; as, the cavalry were not able to break the British squares.

8. To shatter to pieces; to reduce to fragments. The victim broke in pieces the musical instruments with which he had solaced the hours of captivity. Prescott.

9. To exchange for other money or currency of smaller denomination; as, to break a five dollar bill.

10. To destroy the strength, firmness, or consistency of; as, to break flax.

11. To weaken or impair, as health, spirit, or mind. An old man, broken with the storms of state. Shak.

12. To diminish the force of; to lessen the shock of, as a fall or blow. I'll rather leap down first, and break your fall. Dryden.

13. To impart, as news or information; to broach; — with to, and often with a modified word implying some reserve; as, to break the news gently to the widow; to break a purpose cautiously to a friend.

14. To tame; to reduce to subjection; to make tractable; to discipline; as, to break a horse to the harness or saddle. "To break a colt." Spenser. Why, then thou canst not break her to the lute Shak.

15. To destroy the financial credit of; to make bankrupt; to ruin. With arts like these rich Matho, when he speaks, Attracts all fees, and little lawyers breaks. Dryden.

16. To destroy the official character and standing of; to cashier; to dismiss. I see a great officer broken. Swift.

Note: With prepositions or adverbs: —To break down. (a) To crush; to overwhelm; as, to break down one's strength; to break down opposition. (b) To remove, or open a way through, by breaking; as, to break down a door or wall. — To break in. (a) To force in; as, to break in a door. (b) To train; to discipline; as, a horse well broken in. — To break of, to rid of; to cause to abandon; as, to break one of a habit. — To break off. (a) To separate by breaking; as, to break off a twig. (b) To stop suddenly; to abandon. "Break off thy sins by righteousness." Dan. iv. 27. — To break open, to open by breaking. "Open the door, or I will break it open." Shak. — To break out, to take or force out by breaking; as, to break out a pane of glass. — To break out a cargo, to unstow a cargo, so as to unload it easily. — To break through. (a) To make an opening through, as, as by violence or the force of gravity; to pass violently through; as, to break through the enemy's lines; to break through the ice. (b) To disregard; as, to break through the ceremony. — To break up. (a) To separate into parts; to plow (new or fallow ground). "Break up this capon." Shak. "Break up your fallow ground." Jer. iv. 3. (b) To dissolve; to put an end to. "Break up the court." Shak. — To break (one) all up, to unsettle or disconcert completely; to upset. [Colloq.]

Note: With an immediate object: -To break the back. (a) To dislocate the backbone; hence, to disable totally. (b) To get through the worst part of; as, to break the back of a difficult undertaking. — To break bulk, to destroy the entirety of a load by removing a portion of it; to begin to unload; also, to transfer in detail, as from boats to cars. — To break cover, to burst forth from a protecting concealment, as game when hunted. — To break a deer or stag, to cut it up and apportion the parts among those entitled to a share. — To break fast, to partake of food after abstinence. See Breakfast. — To break ground. (a) To open the earth as for planting; to commence excavation, as for building, siege operations, and the like; as, to break ground for a foundation, a canal, or a railroad. (b) Fig.: To begin to execute any plan. (c) (Naut.) To release the anchor from the bottom. — To break the heart, to crush or overwhelm (one) with grief. — To break a house (Law), to remove or set aside with violence and a felonious intent any part of a house or of the fastenings provided to secure it. — To break the ice, to get through first difficulties; to overcome obstacles and make a beginning; to introduce a subject. — To break jail, to escape from confinement in jail, usually by forcible means. — To break a jest, to utter a jest. "Patroclus . . . the livelong day break scurril jests." Shak. — To break joints, to lay or arrange bricks, shingles, etc., so that the joints in one course shall not coincide with those in the preceding course. — To break a lance, to engage in a tilt or contest. — To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. — To break no squares, to create no trouble. [Obs.] — To break a path, road, etc., to open a way through obstacles by force or labor. — To break upon a wheel, to execute or torture, as a criminal by stretching him upon a wheel, and breaking his limbs with an iron bar; — a mode of punishment formerly employed in some countries. — To break wind, to give vent to wind from the anus.

Syn. — To dispart; rend; tear; shatter; batter; violate; infringe; demolish; destroy; burst; dislocate.

BREAK
Break, v. i.

1. To come apart or divide into two or more pieces, usually with suddenness and violence; to part; to burst asunder.

2. To open spontaneously, or by pressure from within, as a bubble, a tumor, a seed vessel, a bag. Else the bottle break, and the wine runneth out. Math. ix. 17.

3. To burst forth; to make its way; to come to view; to appear; to
dawn.
The day begins to break, and night is fied. Shak.
And from the turf a fountain broke, and gurgled at our feet.
Wordswoorth.

4. To burst forth violently, as a storm. The clouds are still above; and, while I speak, A second deluge o'er our head may break. Shak.

5. To open up. to be scattered; t be dissipated; as, the clouds are breaking. At length the darkness begins to break. Macawlay.

6. To become weakened in constitution or faculties; to lose health or strength. See how the dean begins to break; Poor gentleman . Swift.

7. To be crushed, or overwhelmed with sorrow or grief; as, my heart is breaking.

8. To fall in business; to become bankrupt. He that puts all upon adventures doth oftentimes break, and come to poverty. Bacn.

9. To make an abrupt or sudden change; to change the gait; as, to break into a run or gallop.

10. To fail in musical quality; as, a singer's voice breaks when it is strained beyond its compass and a tone or note is not completed, but degenerates into an unmusical sound instead. Also, to change in tone, as a boy's voice at puberty.

11. To fall out; to terminate friendship. To break upon the score of danger or expense is to be mean and narrow-spirited. Collier.

Note: With prepositions or adverbs: -To break away, to disengage one's self abruptly; to come or go away against resistance. Fear me not, man; I will not break away. Shak. To break down. (a) To come down by breaking; as, the coach broke down. (b) To fail in any undertaking. He had broken down almost at the outset. Thackeray. — To break forth, to issue; to come out suddenly, as sound, light, etc. "Then shall thy light break forth as the morning." Isa. lviii. 8;

Note: often with into in expressing or giving vent to one's feelings. "Break forth into singing, ye mountains." Isa. xliv. 23. To break from, to go away from abruptly. This radiant from the circling crowd he broke. Dryden. — To break into, to enter by breaking; as, a house. — To break in upon, to enter or approach violently or unexpectedly. "This, this is he; softly awhile; let us not break in upon him." Milton. — To break loose. (a) To extricate one's self forcibly. "Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell" Milton. (b) To cast off restraint, as of morals or propriety. — To break off. (a) To become separated by rupture, or with suddenness and violence. (b) To desist or cease suddenly. "Nay, forward, old man; do not break off so." Shak. — To break off from, to desist from; to abandon, as a habit. — To break out. (a) To burst forth; to escape from restraint; to appear suddenly, as a fire or an epidemic. "For in the wilderness shall waters break out, and stream in the desert." Isa. xxxv. 6 (b) To show itself in cutaneous eruptions; — said of a disease. (c) To have a rash or eruption on the akin; — said of a patient. — To break over, to overflow; to go beyond limits. — To break up. (a) To become separated into parts or fragments; as, the ice break up in the rivers; the wreck will break up in the next storm. (b) To disperse. "The company breaks up." I. Watts. — To break upon, to discover itself suddenly to; to dawn upon. — To break with. (a) To fall out; to sever one's relations with; to part friendship. "It can not be the Volsces dare break with us." Shak. "If she did not intend to marry Clive, she should have broken with him altogether." Thackeray. (b) To come to an explanation; to enter into conference; to speak. [Obs.] "I will break with her and with her father." Shak.

BREAK
Break, n. Etym: [See Break, v. t., and cf. Brake (the instrument),
Breach, Brack a crack.]

1. An opening made by fracture or disruption.

2. An interruption of continuity; change of direction; as, a break in a wall; a break in the deck of a ship. Specifically: (a) (Arch.) A projection or recess from the face of a displacement in the circuit, interrupting the electrical current.

3. An interruption; a pause; as, a break in friendship; a break in the conversation.

4. An interruption in continuity in writing or printing, as where there is an omission, an unfilled line, etc. All modern trash is Set forth with numerous breaks and dashes. Swift.

5. The first appearing, as of light in the morning; the dawn; as, the break of day; the break of dawn.

6. A large four-wheeled carriage, having a straight body and calash top, with the driver's seat in front and the footman's behind.

7. A device for checking motion, or for measuring friction. See Brake, n. 9 & 10.

8. (Teleg.)

Defn: See Commutator.

BREAKABLE
Break"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being broken.

BREAKAGE
Break"age, n.

1. The act of breaking; a break; a breaking; also, articles broken.

2. An allowance or compensation for things broken accidentally, as in transportation or use.

BREAKAWAY
Break"a*way`, n. [Break + away] [Australasia]

1.

Defn: A wild rush of sheep, cattle, horses, or camels (especially at the smell or the sight of water); a stampede.

2. An animal that breaks away from a herd.

BREAKBONE FEVER
Break"bone` fe`ver. (Med.)

Defn: See Dengue.

BREAK-CIRCUIT
Break"-cir`cuit, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A key or other device for breaking an electrical circuit.

BREAKDOWN
Break"down`, n.

1. The act or result of breaking down, as of a carriage; downfall.

2. (a) A noisy, rapid, shuffling dance engaged in competitively by a number of persons or pairs in succession, as among the colored people of the Southern United States, and so called, perhaps, because the exercise is continued until most of those who take part in it break down. (b) Any rude, noisy dance performed by shuffling the feet, usually by one person at a time. [U.S.] Don't clear out when the quadrilles are over, for we are going to have a breakdown to wind up with. New Eng. Tales.

BREAKER
Break"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, breaks. I'll be no breaker of the law. Shak.

2. Specifically: A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines; also, the building in which such a machine is placed.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A small water cask. Totten.

4. A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sand bank, or a rock or reef near the surface. The breakers were right beneath her bows. Longfellow.

BREAKFAST
Break"fast, n. Etym: [Break + fast.]

1. The first meal in the day, or that which is eaten at the first meal. A sorry breakfast for my lord protector. Shak.

2. A meal after fasting, or food in general. The wolves will get a breakfast by my death. Dryden.

BREAKFAST
Break"fast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. breakfasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Breakfasting.]

Defn: To break one's fast in the morning; too eat the first meal in
the day.
First, sir, I read, and then I breakfast. Prior.

BREAKFAST
Break"fast, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with breakfast. Milton.

BREAKMAN
Break"man, n.

Defn: See Brakeman.

BREAKNECK
Break"neck`, n.

1. A fall that breaks the neck.

2. A steep place endangering the neck.

BREAKNECK
Break"neck`, a.

Defn: Producing danger of a broken neck; as, breakneck speed.

BREAK-UP
Break"-up`, n.

Defn: Disruption; a separation and dispersion of the parts or members; as, a break-up of an assembly or dinner party; a break-up of the government.

BREAKWATER
Break"wa`ter, n.

Defn: Any structure or contrivance, as a mole, or a wall at the mouth of a harbor, to break the force of waves, and afford protection from their violence.

BREAM
Bream, n. Etym: [OE. breme, brem, F. brême, OF. bresme, of German
origin; cf. OHG. brahsema, brahsina, OLG. bressemo, G. brassen. Cf.
Brasse.]

1. (Zoöl)

Defn: A European fresh-water cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis, little valued as food. Several species are known.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: An American fresh-water fish, of various species of Pomotis and allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes. See Pondfish.

3. (Zoöl)

Defn: A marine sparoid fish of the genus Pagellus, and allied genera.
See Sea Bream.

BREAM
Bream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Breaming.] Etym:
[Cf. Broom, and G. ein schiff brennen.] (Naut.)

Defn: To clean, as a ship's bottom of adherent shells, seaweed, etc., by the application of fire and scraping.

BREAST
Breast, n. Etym: [OE. brest, breost, As. breóst; akin to Icel. brj,
Sw. bröst, Dan. bryst, Goth. brusts, OS. briost, D. borst, G. brust.]

1. The fore part of the body, between the neck and the belly; the chest; as, the breast of a man or of a horse.

2. Either one of the protuberant glands, situated on the front of the chest or thorax in the female of man and of some other mammalia, in which milk is secreted for the nourishment of the young; a mammma; a teat. My brother, that sucked the breasts of my mother. Cant. viii. 1.

3. Anything resembling the human breast, or bosom; the front or forward part of anything; as, a chimney breast; a plow breast; the breast of a hill. Mountains on whose barren breast The laboring clouds do often rest. Milton.

4. (Mining) (a) The face of a coal working. (b) The front of a furnace.

5. The seat of consciousness; the repository of thought and self- consciousness, or of secrets; the seat of the affections and passions; the heart. He has a loyal breast. Shak.

6. The power of singing; a musical voice; — so called, probably, from the connection of the voice with the lungs, which lie within the breast. [Obs.] By my troth, the fool has an excellent breast. Shak. Breast drill, a portable drilling machine, provided with a breastplate, for forcing the drill against the work. — Breast pang. See Angina pectoris, under Angina. — To make a clean breast, to disclose the secrets which weigh upon one; to make full confession.

BREAST
Breast, v. t. [imp. & p. p.Breasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Breasted.]

Defn: To meet, with the breast; to struggle with or oppose manfully; as, to breast the storm or waves. The court breasted the popular current by sustaining the demurrer. Wirt. To breast up a hedge, to cut the face of it on one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the plants.

BREASTBAND
Breast"band`, n.

Defn: A band for the breast. Specifically: (Naut.) A band of canvas, or a rope, fastened at both ends to the rigging, to support the man who heaves the lead in sounding.

BREASTBEAM
Breast"beam`, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The front transverse beam of a locomotive.

BREASTBONE
Breast"bone`, n.

Defn: The bone of the breast; the sternum.

BREAST-DEEP
Breast"-deep`, a.

Defn: Deep as from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast.
See him breast-deep in earth, and famish him. Shak.

BREASTED
Breast"ed, a.

Defn: Having a breast; — used in composition with qualifying words, in either a literal or a metaphorical sense; as, a single-breasted coat. The close minister is buttoned up, and the brave officer open- breasted, on these occasions. Spectator.

BREASTFAST
Breast"fast`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A large rope to fasten the midship part of a ship to a wharf, or to another vessel.

BREASTHEIGHT
Breast"height`, n.

Defn: The interior slope of a fortification, against which the garnison lean in firing.

BREAST-HIGH
Breast"-high`, a.

Defn: High as the breast.

BREASTHOOK
Breast"hook`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A thick piece of timber in the form of a knee, placed across the stem of a ship to strengthen the fore part and unite the bows on each side. Totten.

BREASTING
Breast"ing, n. (Mach.)

Defn: The curved channel in which a breast wheel turns. It is closely adapted to the curve of the wheel through about a quarter of its circumference, and prevents the escape of the water until it has spent its force upon the wheel. See Breast wheel.

BREASTKNOT
Breast"knot`, n.

Defn: A pin worn of the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch.

BREASTPIN
Breast"pin` (brest"pin`), n.

Defn: A pin worn on the breast for a fastening, or for ornament; a brooch.

BREASTPLATE
Breast"plate`, n.

1. A plate of metal covering the breast as defensive armor. Before his old rusty breastplate could be scoured, and his cracked headpiece mended. Swift.

2. A piece against which the workman presses his breast in operating a breast drill, or other similar tool.

3. A strap that runs across a horse's breast. Ash.

4. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A part of the vestment of the high priest, worn upon the front of the ephod. It was a double piece of richly embroidered stuff, a span square, set with twelve precious stones, on which were engraved the names of the twelve tribes of Israel. See Ephod.

BREASTPLOW; BREASTPLOUGH
Breast"plow`, Breast"plough`, n.

Defn: A kind of plow, driven by the breast of the workman; — used to cut or pare turf.

BREASTRAIL
Breast"rail`, n.

Defn: The upper rail of any parapet of ordinary height, as of a balcony; the railing of a quarter-deck, etc.

BREASTROPE
Breast"rope`, n.

Defn: See Breastband.

BREASTSUMMER
Breast"sum`mer, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A summer or girder extending across a building flush with, and supporting, the upper part of a front or external wall; a long lintel; a girder; — used principally above shop windows. [Written also brestsummer and bressummer.]

BREASTWHEEL
Breast"wheel`, n.

Defn: A water wheel, on which the stream of water strikes neither so high as in the overshot wheel, nor so low as in the undershot, but generally at about half the height of the wheel, being kept in contact with it by the breasting. The water acts on the float boards partly by impulse, partly by its weight.

BREASTWORK
Breast"work`, n.

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A defensive work of moderate height, hastily thrown up, of earth or other material.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A railing on the quarter-deck and forecastle.

BREATH
Breath, n. Etym: [OE. breth, breeth, AS. br odor, scent, breath; cf.
OHG. bradam steam, vapor, breath, G. brodem, and possibly E. Brawn,
and Breed.]

1. The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration, air which, in the process of respiration, has parted with oxygen and has received carbonic acid, aqueous vapor, warmth, etc. Melted as breath into the wind. Shak.

2. The act of breathing naturally or freely; the power or capacity to breathe freely; as, I am out of breath.

3. The power of respiration, and hence, life. Hood. Thou takest away their breath, they die. Ps. civ. 29.

4. Time to breathe; respite; pause. Give me some breath, some little pause. Shak.

5. A single respiration, or the time of making it; a single act; an instant. He smiles and he frowns in a breath. Dryden.

6. Fig.: That which gives or strengthens life. The earthquake voice of victory, To thee the breath of life. Byron.

7. A single word; the slightest effort; a triffle. A breath can make them, as a breath has made. Goldsmith.

8. A very slight breeze; air in gentle motion. Calm and unruffled as a summer's sea, when not a breath of wind flies o'er its surface. Addison.

9. Fragrance; exhalation; odor; perfume. Tennison. The breath of flowers. Bacon.

10. Gentle exercise, causing a quicker respiration.
An after dinner's breath. Shak.
Out of breath, breathless, exhausted; breathing with difficulty.
— Under one's breath, in low tones.

BREATHABLE
Breath"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be breathed.

BREATHABLENESS
Breath"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being breathable.

BREATHE
Breathe, v. i. [imp. & p. p Breathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Breathing.]
Etym: [From Breath.]

1. To respire; to inhale and exhale air; hence;, to live. "I am in health, I breathe." Shak. Breathes there a man with soul so dead Sir W. Scott.

2. To take breath; to rest from action. Well! breathe awhile, and then to it again! Shak.

3. To pass like breath; noiselessly or gently; to exhale; to emanate;
to blow gently.
The air breathes upon us here most sweetly. Shak.
There breathes a living fragrance from the shore. Byron.

BREATHE
Breathe, v. t.

1. To inhale and exhale in the process of respiration; to respire. To view the light of heaven, and breathe the vital air. Dryden.

2. To inject by breathing; to infuse; — with into. Able to breathe life into a stone. Shak. And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Gen. ii. 7.

3. To emit or utter by the breath; to utter softly; to whisper; as, to breathe a vow. He softly breathed thy name. Dryden. Or let the church, our mother, breathe her curse, A mother's curse, on her revolting son. Shak.

4. To exhale; to emit, as breath; as, the flowers breathe odors or perfumes.

5. To express; to manifest; to give forth. Others articles breathe the same severe spirit. Milner.

6. To act upon by the breath; to cause to sound by breathing. "They breathe the flute." Prior.

7. To promote free respiration in; to exercise. And every man should beat thee. I think thou wast created for men to breathe themselves upon thee. Shak.

8. To suffer to take breath, or recover the natural breathing; to rest; as, to breathe a horse. A moment breathed his panting steed. Sir W. Scott.

9. To put out of breath; to exhaust. Mr. Tulkinghorn arrives in his turret room, a little breathed by the journey up. Dickens.

10. (Phonetics)

Defn: To utter without vocality, as the nonvocal consonants.
The same sound may be pronounces either breathed, voiced, or
whispered. H. Sweet.
Breathed elements, being already voiceless, remain unchanged

Note: [in whispering]. H. Sweet.
To breathe again, to take breath; to feel a sense of relief, as from
danger, responsibility, or press of business.
— To breathe one's last, to die; to expire.
— To breathe a vein, to open a vein; to let blood. Dryden.

BREATHER
Breath"er, n.

1. One who breathes. Hence: (a) One who lives.(b) One who utters. (c) One who animates or inspires.

2. That which puts one out of breath, as violent exercise. [Colloq.]

BREATHFUL
Breath"ful, a.

Defn: Full of breath; full of odor; fragrant. [Obs.]

BREATHING
Breath"ing, n.

1. Respiration; the act of inhaling and exhaling air. Subject to a difficulty of breathing. Melmoth.

2. Air in gentle motion.

3. Any gentle influence or operation; inspiration; as, the breathings of the Spirit.

4. Aspiration; secret prayer. "Earnest desires and breathings after that blessed state." Tillotson.

5. Exercising; promotion of respiration. Here is a lady that wants breathing too; And I have heard, you knights of Tyre Are excellent in making ladies trip. Shak.

6. Utterance; communication or publicity by words. I am sorry to give breathing to my purpose. Shak.

7. Breathing place; vent. Dryden.

8. Stop; pause; delay. You shake the head at so long a breathing. Shak.

9. Also, in a wider sense, the sound caused by the friction of the outgoing breath in the throat, mouth, etc., when the glottis is wide open; aspiration; the sound expressed by the letter h.

10. (Gr. Gram.)

Defn: A mark to indicate aspiration or its absence. See Rough
breathing, Smooth breathing, below. Breathing place. (a) A pause.
"That cæsura, or breathing place, in the midst of the verse." Sir P.
Sidney. (b) A vent.
— Breathing time, pause; relaxation. Bp. Hall.
— Breathing while, time sufficient for drawing breath; a short
time. Shak.
— Rough breathing (spiritus asper) (. See 2d Asper, n.
— Smooth breathing (spiritus lenis), a mark (') indicating the
absence of the sound of h, as in 'ie`nai (ienai).

BREATHLESS
Breath"less, a.

1. Spent with labor or violent action; out of breath.

2. Not breathing; holding the breath, on account of fear, expectation, or intense interest; attended with a holding of the breath; as, breathless attention. But breathless, as we grow when feeling most. Byron.

3. Dead; as, a breathless body.

BREATHLESSLY
Breath"less*ly, adv.

Defn: In a breathless manner.

BREATHLESSNESS
Breath"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being breathless or out of breath.

BRECCIA Brec"cia, n. Etym: [It., breach, pebble, fragments of stone, fr. F. brèche; of German origin. See Breach.] (Geol.)

Defn: A rock composed of angular fragments either of the same mineral or of different minerals, etc., united by a cement, and commonly presenting a variety of colors. Bone breccia, a breccia containing bones, usually fragmentary. — Coin breccia, a breccia containing coins.

BRECCIATED
Brec"ci*a`ted, a.

Defn: Consisting of angular fragments cemented together; resembling
breccia in appearance.
The brecciated appearance of many specimens [of meteorites]. H. A.
Newton.

BRED
Bred,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Breed. Bred out, degenerated. "The strain of man's bred out into baboon and monkey." Shak. — Bred to arms. See under Arms. — Well bred. (a) Of a good family; having a good pedigree. "A gentleman well bred and of good name." Shak. [Obs., except as applied to domestic animals.] (b) Well brought up, as shown in having good manners; cultivated; refined; polite.

BREDE; BREEDE
Brede, or Breede, n.

Defn: Breadth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BREDE
Brede, n. Etym: [See Braid woven cord.]

Defn: A braid. [R.]
Half lapped in glowing gauze and golden brede. Tennyson.

BREECH
Breech, n. Etym: [See Breeches.]

1. The lower part of the body behind; the buttocks.

2. Breeches. [Obs.] Shak.

3. The hinder part of anything; esp., the part of a cannon, or other firearm, behind the chamber.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The external angle of knee timber, the inside of which is called the throat.

BREECH
Breech, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Breeched; p. pr. & vb. n. Breeching.]

1. To put into, or clothe with, breeches. A great man . . . anxious to know whether the blacksmith's youngest boy was breeched. Macaulay.

2. To cover as with breeches. [Poetic] Their daggers unmannerly breeched with gore. Shak.

3. To fit or furnish with a breech; as, to breech a gun.

4. To whip on the breech. [Obs.] Had not a courteous serving man conveyed me away, whilst he went to fetch whips, I think, in my conscience, he would have breeched me. Old Play.

5. To fasten with breeching.

BREECH ACTION
Breech action.

Defn: The breech mechanism in breech-loading small arms and certain special guns, as automatic and machine guns; —used frequently in referring to the method by which the movable barrels of breech- loading shotguns are locked, unlocked, or rotated to loading position.

BREECHBLOCK
Breech"block, n.

Defn: The movable piece which closes the breech of a breech-loading firearm, and resists the backward force of the discharge. It is withdrawn for the insertion of a cartridge, and closed again before the gun is fired.

BREECHCLOTH
Breech"cloth`, n.

Defn: A cloth worn around the breech.

BREECHES
Breech"es, n. pl. Etym: [OE. brech, brek, AS. brek, pl. of broc
breech, breeches; akin to Icel. brok breeches, ODan. brog, D. broek,
G. bruch; cf. L. bracae, braccae, which is of Celtic origin. Cf.
Brail.]

1. A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes. His jacket was red, and his breeches were blue. Coleridge.

2. Trousers; pantaloons. [Colloq.] Breeches buoy, in the life-saving service, a pair of canvas breeches depending from an annular or beltlike life buoy which is usually of cork. This contrivance, inclosing the person to be rescued, is hung by short ropes from a block which runs upon the hawser stretched from the ship to the shore, and is drawn to land by hauling lines. — Breeches pipe, a forked pipe forming two branches united at one end. — Knee breeches, breeches coming to the knee, and buckled or fastened there; smallclothes. — To wear the breeches, to usurp the authority of the husband; — said of a wife. [Colloq.]

BREECHING
Breech"ing, n.

1. A whipping on the breech, or the act of whipping on the breech. I view the prince with Aristarchus' eyes, Whose looks were as a breeching to a boy. Marlowe.

2. That part of a harness which passes round the breech of a horse, enabling him to hold back a vehicle.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A strong rope rove through the cascabel of a cannon and secured to ringbolts in the ship's side, to limit the recoil of the gun when it is discharged.

4. The sheet iron casing at the end of boilers to convey the smoke from the flues to the smokestack.

BREECHLOADER
Breech"load`er, n.

Defn: A firearm which receives its load at the breech.
For cavalry, the revolver and breechloader will supersede the saber.
Rep. Sec. War (1860).

BREECH-LOADING
Breech"-load`ing, a.

Defn: Receiving the charge at the breech instead of at the muzzle.

BREECH PIN; BREECH SCREW
Breech" pin`, Breech" screw`.

Defn: A strong iron or steel plug screwed into the breech of a musket or other firearm, to close the bottom of the bore.

BREECH SIGHT
Breech" sight`.

Defn: A device attached to the breech of a firearm, to guide the eye, in conjunction with the front sight, in taking aim.

BREED
Breed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bred; p. pr. & vb. n. Breeding.] Etym:
[OE. breden, AS. bredan to nourish, cherish, keep warm, from brod
brood; akin to D. broeden to brood, OHG. bruoten, G. brüten. See
Brood.]

1. To produce as offspring; to bring forth; to bear; to procreate; to generate; to beget; to hatch. Yet every mother breeds not sons alike. Shak. If the sun breed maggots in a dead dog. Shak.

2. To take care of in infancy, and through the age of youth; to bring
up; to nurse and foster.
To bring thee forth with pain, with care to breed. Dryden.
Born and bred on the verge of the wilderness. Everett.

3. To educate; to instruct; to form by education; to train; — sometimes followed by up. But no care was taken to breed him a Protestant. Bp. Burnet. His farm may not remove his children too far from him, or the trade he breeds them up in. Locke.

4. To engender; to cause; to occasion; to originate; to produce; as, to breed a storm; to breed disease. Lest the place And my quaint habits breed astonishment. Milton.

5. To give birth to; to be the native place of; as, a pond breeds fish; a northern country breeds stout men.

6. To raise, as any kind of stock.

7. To produce or obtain by any natural process. [Obs.] Children would breed their teeth with less danger. Locke.

Syn. — To engender; generate; beget; produce; hatch; originate; bring up; nourish; train; instruct.

BREED
Breed, v. i.

1. To bear and nourish young; to reproduce or multiply itself; to be pregnant. That they breed abundantly in the earth. Gen. viii. 17. The mother had never bred before. Carpenter. Ant. Is your gold and silver ewes and rams Shy. I can not tell. I make it breed as fast. Shak.

2. To be formed in the parent or dam; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth.

3. To have birth; to be produced or multiplied. Heavens rain grace On that which breeds between them. Shak.

4. To raise a breed; to get progeny. The kind of animal which you wish to breed from. Gardner. To breed in and in, to breed from animals of the same stock that are closely related.

BREED
Breed, n.

1. A race or variety of men or other animals (or of plants), perpetuating its special or distinctive characteristics by inheritance. Twice fifteen thousand hearts of England's breed. Shak. Greyhounds of the best breed. Carpenter.

2. Class; sort; kind; — of men, things, or qualities. Are these the breed of wits so wondered at Shak. This courtesy is not of the right breed. Shak.

3. A number produced at once; a brood. [Obs.]

Note: Breed is usually applied to domestic animals; species or variety to wild animals and to plants; and race to men.

BREEDBATE
Breed"bate, n.

Defn: One who breeds or originates quarrels. [Obs.] "No telltale nor no breedbate." Shak.

BREEDER
Breed"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, breeds, produces, brings up, etc. She was a great breeder. Dr. A. Carlyle. Italy and Rome have been the best breeders of worthy men. Ascham.

2. A cause. "The breeder of my sorrow." Shak.

BREEDING
Breed"ing, n.

1. The act or process of generating or bearing.

2. The raising or improving of any kind of domestic animals; as, farmers should pay attention to breeding.

3. Nurture; education; formation of manners. She had her breeding at my father's charge. Shak.

4. Deportment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life; manners; knowledge of, or training in, the ceremonies, or polite observances of society. Delicacy of breeding, or that polite deference and respect which civility obliges us either to express or counterfeit towards the persons with whom we converse. Hume.

5. Descent; pedigree; extraction. [Obs.] Honest gentlemen, I know not your breeding. Shak. Close breeding, In and in breeding, breeding from a male and female from the same parentage. — Cross breeding, breeding from a male and female of different lineage. — Good breeding, politeness; genteel deportment.

Syn.
— Education; instruction; nurture; training; manners. See
Education.

BREEZE; BREEZE FLY Breeze, Breeze" fly` (, n. Etym: [OE. brese, AS. briósa; perh. akin to OHG. brimissa, G. breme, bremse, D. brems, which are akin to G. brummen to growl, buzz, grumble, L. fremere to murmur; cf. G. brausen, Sw. brusa, Dan. bruse, to roar, rush.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fly of various species, of the family Tabanidæ, noted for buzzing about animals, and tormenting them by sucking their blood; — called also horsefly, and gadfly. They are among the largest of two- winged or dipterous insects. The name is also given to different species of botflies. [Written also breese and brize.]

BREEZE Breeze, n. Etym: [F. brise; akin to It. brezza breeze, Sp. briza, brisa, a breeze from northeast, Pg. briza northeast wind; of uncertain origin; cf. F. bise, Pr. bisa, OHG. bisa, north wind, Arm. biz northeast wind.]

1. A light, gentle wind; a fresh, soft-blowing wind. Into a gradual calm the breezes sink. Wordsworth.

2. An excited or ruffed state of feeling; a flurry of excitement; a disturbance; a quarrel; as, the discovery produced a breeze. [Colloq.] Land breeze, a wind blowing from the land, generally at night. — Sea breeze, a breeze or wind blowing, generally in the daytime, from the sea.

BREEZE
Breeze, n. Etym: [F. braise cinders, live coals. See Brasier.]

1. Refuse left in the process of making coke or burning charcoal.

2. (Brickmaking)

Defn: Refuse coal, coal ashes, and cinders, used in the burning of bricks.

BREEZE
Breeze, v. i.

Defn: To blow gently. [R.] J. Barlow. To breeze up (Naut.), to blow with increasing freshness.

BREEZELESS
Breeze"less, a.

Defn: Motionless; destitute of breezes.
A stagnant, breezeless air becalms my soul. Shenstone.

BREEZINESS
Breez"i*ness, n.

Defn: State of being breezy.

BREEZY
Breez"y, a.

1. Characterized by, or having, breezes; airy. "A breezy day in May." Coleridge. 'Mid lawns and shades by breezy rivulets fanned. Wordsworth.

2. Fresh; brisk; full of life. [Colloq.]

BREGMA
Breg"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. bregma.] (Anat.)

Defn: The point of junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures of the skull.

BREGMATIC
Breg*mat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the bregma.

BREHON
Bre"hon, n. Etym: [Ir. breitheamh judge.]

Defn: An ancient Irish or Scotch judge. Brehon laws, the ancient Irish laws, — unwritten, like the common law of England. They were abolished by statute of Edward III.

BRELAN
Bre*lan", n. [F.] (Card Playing)
(a) A French gambling game somewhat like poker.
(b) In French games, a pair royal, or triplet.

BRELAN CARRE
Bre*lan" car`re". [F. carré square.] (Card Playing)

Defn: In French games, a double pair royal.

BRELAN FAVORI
Bre*lan" fa`vo`ri". [F. favori favorite.] (Card Playing)

Defn: In French games, a pair royal composed of 2 cards in the hand and the card turned.

BRELOQUE
Bre*loque", n. [F.]

Defn: A seal or charm for a watch chain. "His chains and breloques."
Thackeray.

BREME Breme, a. Etym: [OE. breme, brime, fierce, impetuous, glorious, AS. breme, br, famous. Cf. Brim, a.]

1. Fierce; sharp; severe; cruel. [Obs.] Spenser. From the septentrion cold, in the breme freezing air. Drayton.

2. Famous; renowned; well known. Wright. [Written also brim and brimme.]

BREN; BRENNE
Bren, Bren"ne, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Brent (p. pr. & vb. n.
Brenning.] Etym: [See Burn.]

Defn: To burn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Consuming fire brent his shearing house or stall. W. Browne.

BREN
Bren, n.

Defn: Bran. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRENNAGE
Bren"nage, n. Etym: [OF. brenage; cf. LL. brennagium, brenagium. See
Bran.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: A tribute which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which they were obliged to furnish for his hounds.

BRENNINGLY
Bren"ning*ly, adv.

Defn: Burningly; ardently. [Obs.]

BRENT; BRANT Brent, Brant, a. Etym: [AS. brant; akin to Dan. brat, Icel. brattr, steep.]

1. Steep; high. [Obs.] Grapes grow on the brant rocks so wonderfully that ye will marvel how any man dare climb up to them. Ascham.

2. Smooth; unwrinkled. [Scot.] Your bonnie brow was brent. Burns.

BRENT
Brent, imp. & p.p.

Defn: of Bren. Burnt. [Obs.]

BRENT
Brent, n. Etym: [Cf. Brant.]

Defn: A brant. See Brant.

BREQUET CHAIN
Breq"uet chain`.

Defn: A watch-guard.

BRERE
Brere, n.

Defn: A brier. [Archaic] Chaucer.

BREST
Brest, 3d sing.pr.

Defn: for Bursteth. [Obs.]

BREST; BREAST
Brest, Breast, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A torus. [Obs.]

BRESTE
Bres"te, v. t. & i. [imp. Brast; p. p. Brusten, Borsten, Bursten.]

Defn: To burst. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRESTSUMMER
Brest"sum`mer, n.

Defn: See Breastsummer.

BRET
Bret, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Birt.

BRETFUL Bret"ful, a. Etym: [OE. also brerdful, fr. brerd top, brim, AS. brerd.]

Defn: Brimful. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRETHREN
Breth"ren, n.;

Defn: pl. of Brother.

Note: This form of the plural is used, for the most part, in solemn address, and in speaking of religious sects or fraternities, or their members.

BRETON
Bret"on, a. Etym: [F. breton.]

Defn: Of or relating to Brittany, or Bretagne, in France.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Brittany, or Bretagne, in France; also, the ancient language of Brittany; Armorican.

BRETT
Brett, n.

Defn: Same as Britzska.

BRETTICE Bret"tice, n.; pl. Brettices. Etym: [OE. bretasce, bretage, parapet, OF. bretesche wooden tower, F. bretèche, LL. breteschia, bertresca, prob. fr. OHG. bret, G. brett board; akin to E. board. See Board, n., and cf. Bartizan.]

Defn: The wooden boarding used in supporting the roofs and walls of coal mines. See Brattice.

BRETWALDA
Bret"wal*da, n. Etym: [AS. Bretwalda, br, a powerful ruler.] (Eng.
Hist.)

Defn: The official title applied to that one of the Anglo-Saxon chieftains who was chosen by the other chiefs to lead them in their warfare against the British tribes. Brande & C.

BRETZEL
Bret"zel, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: See Pretzel.

BREVE
Breve, n. Etym: [It. & (in sense 2) LL. breve, fr. L. brevis short.
See Brief.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A note or character of time, equivalent to two semibreves or four minims. When dotted, it is equal to three semibreves. It was formerly of a square figure (as thus: Moore.

2. (Law)

Defn: Any writ or precept under seal, issued out of any court.

3. (Print.)

Defn: A curved mark [˘] used commonly to indicate the short quantity of a vowel.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great ant thrush of Sumatra (Pitta gigas), which has a very short tail.

BREVET
Bre*vet", n. Etym: [F. brevet, LL. brevetum, fr. L. brevis short. See
Brief.]

1. A warrant from the government, granting a privilege, title, or dignity. [French usage].

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A commission giving an officer higher rank than that for which he receives pay; an honorary promotion of an officer.

Note: In the United States army, rank by brevet is conferred, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for "gallant actions or meritorious services." A brevet rank gives no right of command in the particular corps to which the officer brevetted belongs, and can be exercised only by special assignment of the President, or on court martial, and detachments composed of different corps, with pay of the brevet rank when on such duty.

BREVET
Bre*vet", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brevetted (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brevetting.] (Mil.)

Defn: To confer rank upon by brevet.

BREVET
Bre*vet", a. (Mil.)

Defn: Taking or conferring rank by brevet; as, a brevet colonel; a brevet commission.

BREVETCY
Bre*vet"cy, n.; pl. Brevetcies (. (Mil.)

Defn: The rank or condition of a brevet officer.

BREVIARY Bre"vi*a*ry, n.; pl. Breviaries (. Etym: [F. bréviarie, L. breviarium summary, abridgment, neut. noun fr. breviarius abridged, fr. brevis short. See Brief, and cf. Brevier.]

1. An abridgment; a compend; an epitome; a brief account or summary. A book entitled the abridgment or breviary of those roots that are to be cut up or gathered. Holland.

2. A book containing the daily public or canonical prayers of the Roman Catholic or of the Greek Church for the seven canonical hours, namely, matins and lauds, the first, third, sixth, and ninth hours, vespers, and compline; — distinguished from the missal.

BREVIATE Bre"vi*ate, n. Etym: [L. breviatus, p.p. of breviare to shorten, brevis short.]

1. A short compend; a summary; a brief statement. I omit in this breviate to rehearse. Hakluyt. The same little breviates of infidelity have . . . been published and dispersed with great activity. Bp. Porteus.

2. A lawyer's brief. [R.] Hudibras.

BREVIATE
Bre"vi*ate, v. t.

Defn: To abbreviate. [Obs.]

BREVIATURE
Bre"vi*a*ture, n.

Defn: An abbreviature; an abbreviation. [Obs.] Johnson.

BREVIER Bre*vier", n. Etym: [Prob. from being originally used in printing a breviary. See Breviary.] (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between bourgeous and minion.

Note: This line is printed in brevier type.

BREVILOQUENCE
Bre*vil"o*quence, n. Etym: [L. breviloquentia.]

Defn: A brief and pertinent mode of speaking. [R.]

BREVIPED Brev"i*ped, a. Etym: [L. brevis short + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. brévipède.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having short legs. — n.

Defn: A breviped bird.

BREVIPEN Brev"i*pen, n. Etym: [L. brevis short + penna wing: cf. F. brévipenne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brevipennate bird.

BREVIPENNATE
Brev`i*pen"nate, a. Etym: [L. brevis short + E. pennate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Short-winged; — applied to birds which can not fly, owing to their short wings, as the ostrich, cassowary, and emu.

BREVIROSTRAL; BREVIROSTRATE Brev`i*ros"tral, Brev`i*ros"trate, a. Etym: [L. brevis short + E. rostral, rostrate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Short-billed; having a short beak.

BREVITY Brev"i*ty, n.; pl. Brevities. Etym: [L. brevitas, fr. brevis short: cf. F. brièvité. See Brief.]

1. Shortness of duration; briefness of time; as, the brevity of human life.

2. Contraction into few words; conciseness. Brevity is the soul of wit. Shak. This argument is stated by St. John with his usual elegant brevity and simplicity. Bp. Porteus.

Syn.
— Shortness; conciseness; succinctness; terseness.

BREW Brew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Brewing.] Etym: [OE. brewen, AS. breówan; akin to D. brouwen, OHG. priuwan, MHG. briuwen, br, G. brauen, Icel. brugga, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and perh. to L. defrutum must boiled down, Gr. to prepare by heat. sq. root93. Cf. Broth, Bread.]

1. To boil or seethe; to cook. [Obs.]

2. To prepare, as beer or other liquor, from malt and hops, or from other materials, by steeping, boiling, and fermentation. "She brews good ale." Shak.

3. To prepare by steeping and mingling; to concoct. Go, brew me a pottle of sack finely. Shak.

4. To foment or prepare, as by brewing; to contrive; to plot; to concoct; to hatch; as, to brew mischief. Hence with thy brewed enchantments, foul deceiver! Milton.

BREW
Brew, v. i.

1. To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer. I wash, wring, brew, bake, scour. Shak.

2. To be in a state of preparation; to be mixing, forming, or gathering; as, a storm brews in the west. There is some ill a-brewing towards my rest. Shak.

BREW
Brew, n.

Defn: The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed. Bacon.

BREWAGE
Brew"age, n.

Defn: Malt liquor; drink brewed. "Some well-spiced brewage." Milton.
A rich brewage, made of the best Spanish wine. Macaulay.

BREWER
Brew"er, n.

Defn: One who brews; one whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.

BREWERY
Brew"er*y, n.

Defn: A brewhouse; the building and apparatus where brewing is carried on.

BREWHOUSE
Brew"house`, n.

Defn: A house or building appropriated to brewing; a brewery.

BREWING
Brew"ing, n.

1. The act or process of preparing liquors which are brewed, as beer and ale.

2. The quantity brewed at once. A brewing of new beer, set by old beer. Bacon.

3. A mixing together. I am not able to avouch anything for certainty, such a brewing and sophistication of them they make. Holland.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A gathering or forming of a storm or squall, indicated by thick, dark clouds.

BREWIS Brew"is, n. Etym: [OE. brewis, brouwys, browesse, brewet, OF. brouet, -s being the OF. ending of the nom. sing. and acc. pl.; dim. of OHG. brod. sq. root93. See Broth, and cf. Brose.]

1. Broth or pottage. [Obs.] Let them of their Bonner's "beef" and "broth" make what brewis they please for their credulous guests. Bp. Hall.

2. Bread soaked in broth, drippings of roast meat, milk, or water and butter.

BREWSTERITE
Brews"ter*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Sir David Brewster.]

Defn: A rare zeolitic mineral occurring in white monoclinic crystals with pearly luster. It is a hydrous silicate of aluminia, baryta, and strontia.

BREZILIN
Brez"i*lin, n.

Defn: See Brazilin.

BRIAR
Bri"ar, n.

Defn: Same as Brier.

BRIAREAN Bri*a"re*an, a. Etym: [L. Briareius, fr. Briareus a mythological hundred-handed giant, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, Briareus, a giant fabled to have a hundred hands; hence, hundred-handed or many-handed.

BRIBABLE
Brib"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bribed.
A more bribable class of electors. S. Edwards.

BRIBE Bribe, n. Etym: [F. bribe a lump of bread, scraps, leavings of meals (that are generally given to a beggar), LL. briba scrap of bread; cf. OF. briber, brifer, to eat gluttonously, to beg, and OHG. bilibi food.]

1. A gift begged; a present. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A price, reward, gift, or favor bestowed or promised with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, voter, or other person in a position of trust. Undue reward for anything against justice is a bribe. Hobart.

3. That which seduces; seduction; allurement. Not the bribes of sordid wealth can seduce to leave these everAkenside.

BRIBE
Bribe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bribed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bribing.]

1. To rob or steal. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To give or promise a reward or consideration to (a judge, juror, legislator, voter, or other person in a position of trust) with a view to prevent the judgment or corrupt the conduct; to induce or influence by a bribe; to give a bribe to. Neither is he worthy who bribes a man to vote against his conscience. F. W. Robertson.

3. To gain by a bribe; of induce as by a bribe.

BRIBE
Bribe, v. i.

1. To commit robbery or theft. [Obs.]

2. To give a bribe to a person; to pervert the judgment or corrupt the action of a person in a position of trust, by some gift or promise. An attempt to bribe, though unsuccessful, has been holden to be criminal, and the offender may be indicted. Bouvier. The bard may supplicate, but cannot bribe. Goldsmith.

BRIBELESS
Bribe"less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being bribed; free from bribes.
From thence to heaven's bribeless hall. Sir W. Raleigh.

BRIBER
Brib"er, n.

1. A thief. [Obs.] Lydgate.

2. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices.

3. That which bribes; a bribe. His service . . . were a sufficient briber for his life. Shak.

BRIBERY Brib"er*y, n.; pl. Briberies. Etym: [OE. brybery rascality, OF. briberie. See Bribe, n.]

1. Robbery; extortion. [Obs.]

2. The act or practice of giving or taking bribes; the act of influencing the official or political action of another by corrupt inducements. Bribery oath, an oath taken by a person that he has not been bribed as to voting. [Eng.]

BRIC-A BRAC; BRIC-A-BRAC; BRIC A BRAC
Bric"-a brac`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Miscellaneous curiosities and works of decorative art, considered collectively. A piece of bric-a-brac, any curious or antique article of virtu, as a piece of antiquated furniture or metal work, or an odd knickknack.

BRICK
Brick, n. Etym: [OE. brik, F. brique; of Ger. origin; cf. AS. brice a
breaking, fragment, Prov. E. brique piece, brique de pain, equiv. to
AS. hlafes brice, fr. the root of E. break. See Break.]

1. A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular form, usually rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or stack called a clamp. The Assyrians appear to have made much less use of bricks baked in the furnace than the Babylonians. Layard.

2. Bricks, collectively, as designating that kind of material; as, a load of brick; a thousand of brick. Some of Palladio's finest examples are of brick. Weale.

3. Any oblong rectangular mass; as, a brick of maple sugar; a penny brick (of bread).

4. A good fellow; a merry person; as, you 're a brick. [Slang] "He 's a dear little brick." Thackeray. To have a brick in one's hat, to be drunk. [Slang]

Note: Brick is used adjectively or in combination; as, brick wall; brick clay; brick color; brick red. Brick clay, clay suitable for, or used in making, bricks. — Brick dust, dust of pounded or broken bricks. — Brick earth, clay or earth suitable for, or used in making, bricks. — Brick loaf, a loaf of bread somewhat resembling a brick in shape. — Brick nogging (Arch.), rough brickwork used to fill in the spaces between the uprights of a wooden partition; brick filling. — Brick tea, tea leaves and young shoots, or refuse tea, steamed or mixed with fat, etc., and pressed into the form of bricks. It is used in Northern and Central Asia. S. W. Williams. — Brick trimmer (Arch.), a brick arch under a hearth, usually within the thickness of a wooden floor, to guard against accidents by fire. — Brick trowel. See Trowel. — Brick works, a place where bricks are made. — Bath brick. See under Bath, a city. — Pressed brick, bricks which, before burning, have been subjected to pressure, to free them from the imperfections of shape and texture which are common in molded bricks.

BRICK
Brick, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bricking.]

1. To lay or pave with bricks; to surround, line, or construct with bricks.

2. To imitate or counterfeit a brick wall on, as by smearing plaster with red ocher, making the joints with an edge tool, and pointing them. To brick up, to fill up, inclose, or line, with brick.

BRICKBAT
Brick"bat`, n.

Defn: A piece or fragment of a brick. See Bat, 4. Bacon.

BRICKFIELDER
Brick"field`er, n. [Australia]

1.

Defn: Orig., at Sydney, a cold and violent south or southwest wind, rising suddenly, and regularly preceded by a hot wind from the north; — now usually called southerly buster. It blew across the Brickfields, formerly so called, a district of Sydney, and carried clouds of dust into the city.

2. By confusion, a midsummer hot wind from the north.

BRICKKILN
Brick"kiln`, n.

Defn: A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt; or a pile of green bricks, laid loose, with arches underneath to receive the wood or fuel for burning them.

BRICKLAYER
Brick"lay`er, n. Etym: [Brick + lay.]

Defn: One whose pccupation is to build with bricks. Bricklayer's itch. See under Itch.

BRICKLAYING
Brick"lay`ing, n.

Defn: The art of building with bricks, or of uniting them by cement or mortar into various forms; the act or occupation of laying bricks.

BRICKLE Bric"kle, a. Etym: [OE. brekil, brokel, bruchel, fr. AS. brecan, E. break. Cf. Brittle.]

Defn: Brittle; easily broken. [Obs. or Prov.] Spenser.
As stubborn steel excels the brickle glass. Turbervile.

BRICKLENESS
Bric"kle*ness, n.

Defn: Brittleness. [Obs.]

BRICKMAKER
Brick"mak`er, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make bricks.
— Brick"mak*ing, n.

BRICKWORK
Brick"work`, n.

1. Anything made of bricks. Niches in brickwork form the most difficult part of the bricklayer's art. Tomlinson.

2. The act of building with or laying bricks.

BRICKY
Brick"y, a.

Defn: Full of bricks; formed of bricks; resembling bricks or brick dust. [R.] Spenser.

BRICKYARD
Brick"yard`, n.

Defn: A place where bricks are made, especially an inclosed place.

BRICOLE
Bri*cole", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of traces with hooks and rings, with which men drag and maneuver guns where horses can not be used.

BRID
Brid, n.

Defn: A bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRIDAL
Brid"al, a. Etym: [From Bride. Cf. Bridal, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bride, or to wedding; nuptial; as, bridal ornaments; a bridal outfit; a bridal chamber.

BRIDAL Brid"al, n. Etym: [OE. bridale, brudale, AS. br brideale, bridal feast. See Bride, and Ale, 2.]

Defn: A nuptia; festival or ceremony; a marriage. Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright, The bridal of the earth and sky. Herbert.

BRIDALTY
Brid"al*ty, n.

Defn: Celebration of the nuptial feast. [Obs.] "In honor of this bridalty." B. Jonson.

BRIDE
Bride, n. Etym: [OE. bride, brid, brude, brud, burd, AS. br; akin to
OFries. breid, OSax. br, D. bruid, OHG. pr, br, G. braut, Icel. br,
Sw. & Dan. brud, Goth. br33s; cf. Armor. pried spouse, W. priawd a
married person.]

1. A woman newly married, or about to be married.
Has by his own experience tried How much the wife is dearer than the
bride. Lyttleton.
I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. Rev. xxi. 9.

2. Fig.: An object ardently loved. Bride of the sea, the city of Venice.

BRIDE
Bride, v. t.

Defn: To make a bride of. [Obs.]

BRIDE-ALE
Bride"-ale`, n. Etym: [See Bridal.]

Defn: A rustic wedding feast; a bridal. See Ale. The man that 's bid to bride-ale, if he ha' cake, And drink enough, he need not fear his stake. B. Jonson.

BRIDEBED
Bride"bed`, n.

Defn: The marriage bed. [Poetic]

BRIDECAKE
Bride"cake`, n.

Defn: Rich or highly ornamented cake, to be distributed to the guests at a wedding, or sent to friends after the wedding.

BRIDECHAMBER
Bride"cham`ber, n.

Defn: The nuptial appartment. Matt. ix. 15.

BRIDEGROOM
Bride"groom`, n. Etym: [OE. bridegome, brudgume, AS. br (akin to OS.
br, D. bruidegom, bruigom, OHG. pr, MHG. briutegome, G. bräutigam);
AS. br bride + guma man, akin to Goth. guma, Icel. gumi, OHG. gomo,
L. homo; the insertion of r being caused by confusion with groom. See
Bride, and cf. Groom, Homage.]

Defn: A man newly married, or just about to be married.

BRIDEKNOT
Bride"knot`, n.

Defn: A knot of ribbons worn by a guest at a wedding; a wedding favor. [Obs.]

BRIDEMAID; BRIDEMAN
Bride"maid`, n., Bride"man (, n.

Defn: See Bridesmaid, Bridesman.

BRIDESMAID
Brides"maid`, n.

Defn: A female friend who attends on a bride at her wedding.

BRIDESMAN
Brides"man, n.; pl. Bridesmen (.

Defn: A male friend who attends upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage; the "best man." Sir W. Scott.

BRIDESTAKE
Bride"stake`, n.

Defn: A stake or post set in the ground, for guests at a wedding to
dance round.
Divide the broad bridecake Round about the bridestake. B. Jonson.

BRIDEWELL
Bride"well, n.

Defn: A house of correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; — so called from a hospital built in 1553 near St. Bride's (or Bridget's) well, in London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse.

BRIDGE Bridge, n. Etym: [OE. brig, brigge, brug, brugge, AS. brycg, bricg; akin to Fries. bregge, D. brug, OHG. bruccu, G. brücke, Icel. bryggja pier, bridge, Sw. brygga, Dan. brygge, and prob. Icel. br bridge, Sw. & Dan. bro bridge, pavement, and possibly to E. brow.]

1. A structure, usually of wood, stone, brick, or iron, erected over a river or other water course, or over a chasm, railroad, etc., to make a passageway from one bank to the other.

2. Anything supported at the ends, which serves to keep some other thing from resting upon the object spanned, as in engraving, watchmaking, etc., or which forms a platform or staging over which something passes or is conveyed.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The small arch or bar at right angles to the strings of a violin, guitar, etc., serving of raise them and transmit their vibrations to the body of the instrument.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: A device to measure the resistance of a wire or other conductor forming part of an electric circuit.

5. A low wall or vertical partition in the fire chamber of a furnace, for deflecting flame, etc.; — usually called a bridge wall. Aqueduct bridge. See Aqueduct. — Asses' bridge, Bascule bridge, Bateau bridge. See under Ass, Bascule, Bateau. — Bridge of a steamer (Naut.), a narrow platform across the deck, above the rail, for the convenience of the officer in charge of the ship; in paddlewheel vessels it connects the paddle boxes. — Bridge of the nose, the upper, bony part of the nose. — Cantalever bridge. See under Cantalever. — Draw bridge. See Drawbridge. — Flying bridge, a temporary bridge suspended or floating, as for the passage of armies; also, a floating structure connected by a cable with an anchor or pier up stream, and made to pass from bank to bank by the action of the current or other means. — Girder bridge or Truss bridge, a bridge formed by girders, or by trusses resting upon abutments or piers. — Lattice bridge, a bridge formed by lattice girders. — Pontoon bridge, Ponton bridge. See under Pontoon. — Skew bridge, a bridge built obliquely from bank to bank, as sometimes required in railway engineering. — Suspension bridge. See under Suspension. — Trestle bridge, a bridge formed of a series of short, simple girders resting on trestles. — Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or rectangular tube, with cellular walls made of iron plates riveted together, as the Britannia bridge over the Menai Strait, and the Victoria bridge at Montreal. — Wheatstone's bridge (Elec.), a device for the measurement of resistances, so called because the balance between the resistances to be measured is indicated by the absence of a current in a certain wire forming a bridge or connection between two points of the apparatus; — invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone.

BRIDGE
Bridge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bridged (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bridging.]

1. To build a bridge or bridges on or over; as, to bridge a river. Their simple engineering bridged with felled trees the streams which could not be forded. Palfrey.

2. To open or make a passage, as by a bridge. Xerxes . . . over Hellespont Bridging his way, Europe with Asia joined. Milton.

3. To find a way of getting over, as a difficulty; — generally with over.

BRIDGEBOARD
Bridge"board`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A notched board to which the treads and risers of the steps of wooden stairs are fastened.

2. A board or plank used as a bridge.

BRIDGEHEAD
Bridge"head`, n.

Defn: A fortification commanding the extremity of a bridge nearest the enemy, to insure the preservation and usefulness of the bridge, and prevent the enemy from crossing; a tête-de-pont.

BRIDGEING; BRIDGING
Bridge"ing, Bridg"ing, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The system of bracing used between floor or other timbers to distribute the weight. Bridging joist. Same as Binding joist.

BRIDGELESS
Bridge"less, a.

Defn: Having no bridge; not bridged.

BRIDGEPOT
Bridge"pot`, n. (Mining)

Defn: The adjustable socket, or step, of a millstone spindle. Knight.

BRIDGETREE
Bridge"tree`, n. Etym: [Bridge + tree a beam.] (Mining)

Defn: The beam which supports the spindle socket of the runner in a grinding mill. Knight.

BRIDGE-WARD
Bridge"-ward`, n.

1. A bridge keeper; a warden or a guard for a bridge. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

2. The principal ward of a key. Knight.

BRIDGEY
Bridge"y, a.

Defn: Full of bridges. [R.] Sherwood.

BRIDLE Bri"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bridel, AS. bridel; akin to OHG. britil, brittil, D. breidel, and possibly to E. braid. Cf. Bridoon.]

1. The head gear with which a horse is governed and restrained, consisting of a headstall, a bit, and reins, with other appendages.

2. A restraint; a curb; a check. I. Watts.

3. (Gun.)

Defn: The piece in the interior of a gun lock, which holds in place the timbler, sear, etc.

4. (Naut.)
(a) A span of rope, line, or chain made fast as both ends, so that
another rope, line, or chain may be attached to its middle.
(b) A mooring hawser. Bowline bridle. See under Bowline.
— Branches of a bridle. See under Branch.
— Bridle cable (Naut.), a cable which is bent to a bridle. See 4,
above.
— Bridle hand, the hand which holds the bridle in riding; the left
hand.
— Bridle path, Bridle way, a path or way for saddle horses and pack
horses, as distinguished from a road for vehicles.
— Bridle port (Naut.), a porthole or opening in the bow through
which hawsers, mooring or bridle cables, etc., are passed.
— Bridle rein, a rein attached to the bit.
— Bridle road. (a) Same as Bridle path. Lowell. (b) A road in a
pleasure park reserved for horseback exercise.
— Bridle track, a bridle path.
— Scolding bridle. See Branks, 2.

Syn.
— A check; restrain.

BRIDLE
Bri"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bridled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bridling.]

1. To put a bridle upon; to equip with a bridle; as, to bridle a horse. He bridled her mouth with a silkweed twist. Drake.

2. To restrain, guide, or govern, with, or as with, a bridle; to check, curb, or control; as, to bridle the passions; to bridle a muse. Addison. Savoy and Nice, the keys of Italy, and the citadel in her hands to bridle Switzerland, are in that consolidation. Burke.

Syn. — To check; restrain; curb; govern; control; repress; master; subdue.

BRIDLE
Bri"dle, v. i.

Defn: To hold up the head, and draw in the chin, as an expression of pride, scorn, or resentment; to assume a lofty manner; — usually with up. "His bridling neck." Wordsworth. By her bridling up I perceived she expected to be treated hereafter not as Jenny Distaff, but Mrs. Tranquillus. Tatler.

BRIDLE IRON
Bri"dle i`ron. (Arch.)

Defn: A strong flat bar of iron, so bent as to support, as in a stirrup, one end of a floor timber, etc., where no sufficient bearing can be had; — called also stirrup and hanger.

BRIDLER
Bri"dler, n.

Defn: One who bridles; one who restrains and governs, as with a bridle. Milton.

BRIDOON
Bri*doon", n. Etym: [F. bridon, from bride; of German origin. See
Bridle, n.] (Mil.)

Defn: The snaffle and rein of a military bridle, which acts independently of the bit, at the pleasure of the rider. It is used in connection with a curb bit, which has its own rein. Campbell.

BRIE CHEESE
Brie" cheese".

Defn: A kind of soft French cream cheese; — so called from the district in France where it is made; —called also fromage de Brie.

BRIEF Brief, a. Etym: [OE. bref, F. brief, bref, fr. L. brevis; akin to Gr. barh to tear. Cf. Breve.]

1. Short in duration. How brief the life of man. Shak.

2. Concise; terse; succinct. The brief style is that which expresseth much in little. B. Jonson.

3. Rife; common; prevalent. [Prov. Eng.] In brief. See under Brief, n.

Syn. — Short; concise; succinct; summary; compendious; condensed; terse; curt; transistory; short-lived.

BRIEF
Brief, adv.

1. Briefly. [Obs. or Poetic] Adam, faltering long, thus answered brief. Milton.

2. Soon; quickly. [Obs.] Shak.

BRIEF
Brief, n. Etym: [See Brief, a., and cf. Breve.]

1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words.
Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal.
Shak.
And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. Shak.

2. An epitome. Each woman is a brief of womankind. Overbury.

3. (Law)

Defn: An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument. It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief. Sir J. Stephen.

Note: In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs.

4. (Law)

Defn: A writ; a breve. See Breve, n., 2.

5. (Scots Law)

Defn: A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence.

6. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or private purpose. [Eng.] Apostolical brief, a letter of the pope written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the secretary of briefs, dated "a die Nativitatis," i. e., "from the day of the Nativity," and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a bull, in its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See Bull. — Brief of title, an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate. — In brief, in a few words; in short; briefly. "Open the matter in brief." Shak.

BRIEF
Brief, v. t.

Defn: To make an abstract or abridgment of; to shorten; as, to brief pleadings.

BRIEFLESS
Brief"less, a.

Defn: Having no brief; without clients; as, a briefless barrister.

BRIEFLY
Brief"ly, adv.

Defn: Concisely; in few words.

BRIEFMAN
Brief"man, n.

1. One who makes a brief.

2. A copier of a manuscript.

BRIEFNESS
Brief"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being brief; brevity; conciseness in discourse or writing.

BRIER; BRIAR Bri"er, Bri"ar, n. Etym: [OE. brere, brer, AS. brer, brær; cf. Ir. briar prickle, thorn, brier, pin, Gael. preas bush, brier, W. prys, prysg.]

1. A plant with a slender woody stem bearing stout prickles; especially, species of Rosa, Rubus, and Smilax.

2. Fig.: Anything sharp or unpleasant to the feelings. The thorns and briers of reproof. Cowper. Brier root, the root of the southern Smilax laurifolia and S. Walleri; — used for tobacco pipes. — Cat brier, Green brier, several species of Smilax (S. rotundifolia, etc.) — Sweet brier (Rosa rubiginosa). See Sweetbrier. — Yellow brier, the Rosa Eglantina.

BRIERED
Bri"ered, a.

Defn: Set with briers. Chatterton.

BRIERY
Bri"er*y, a.

Defn: Full of briers; thorny.

BRIERY
Bri"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where briers grow. Huloet.

BRIG
Brig, n.

Defn: A bridge. [Scot.] Burns.

BRIG
Brig, n. Etym: [Shortened from Brigantine.] (Naut.)

Defn: A two-masted, square-rigged vessel. Hermaphrodite brig, a two- masted vessel square-rigged forward and schooner-rigged aft. See Illustration in Appendix.

BRIGADE
Bri*gade", n. Etym: [F. brigade, fr. It. brigata troop, crew,
brigade, originally, a contending troop, fr. briga trouble, quarrel.
See Brigand.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: A body of troops, whether cavalry, artillery, infantry, or mixed, consisting of two or more regiments, under the command of a brigadier general.

Note: Two or more brigades constitute a division, commanded by a major general; two or more divisions constitute an army corps, or corps d'armée. [U.S.]

2. Any body of persons organized for acting or marching together under authority; as, a fire brigade. Brigade inspector, an officer whose duty is to inspect troops in companies before they are mustered into service. — Brigade major, an officer who may be attached to a brigade to assist the brigadier in his duties.

BRIGADE
Bri*gade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brigaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Brigading.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To form into a brigade, or into brigades.

BRIGADIER GENERAL
Brig`a*dier" gen"er*al. Etym: [F. brigadier, fr. brigade.] (Mil.)

Defn: An officer in rank next above a colonel, and below a major general. He commands a brigade, and is sometimes called, by a shortening of his title, simple a brigadier.

BRIGAND Brig"and, n. Etym: [F. brigand, OF. brigant light-armed soldier, fr. LL. brigans light-armed soldier (cf. It. brigante.) fr. brigare to strive, contend, fr. briga quarrel; prob. of German origin, and akin to E. break; cf. Goth. brikan to break, brakja strife. Cf. Brigue.]

1. A light-armed, irregular foot soldier. [Obs.]

2. A lawless fellow who lives by plunder; one of a band of robbers; especially, one of a gang living in mountain retreats; a highwayman; a freebooter. Giving them not a little the air of brigands or banditti. Jeffery.

BRIGANDAGE
Brig"and*age, n. Etym: [F. brigandage.]

Defn: Life and practice of brigands; highway robbery; plunder.

BRIGANDINE Brig"an*dine, n. Etym: [F. brigandine (cf. It. brigantina), fr. OF. brigant. See Brigand.]

Defn: A coast of armor for the body, consisting of scales or plates, sometimes overlapping each other, generally of metal, and sewed to linen or other material. It was worn in the Middle Ages. [Written also brigantine.] Jer. xlvi. 4. Then put on all thy gorgeous arms, thy helmet, And brigandine of brass. Milton.

BRIGANDISH
Brig"and*ish, a.

Defn: Like a brigand or freebooter; robberlike.

BRIGANDISM
Brig"and*ism, n.

Defn: Brigandage.

BRIGANTINE Brig"an*tine, n. Etym: [F. brigantin, fr. It. brigantino, originally, a practical vessel. See Brigand, and cf. Brig]

1. A practical vessel. [Obs.]

2. A two-masted, square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig in that she does not carry a square mainsail.

3. See Brigandine.

BRIGGE
Brig"ge, n.

Defn: A bridge. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRIGHT
Bright, v. i.

Defn: See Brite, v. i.

BRIGHT
Bright, a. Etym: [OE. briht, AS. beorht, briht; akin to OS. berht,
OHG. beraht, Icel. bjartr, Goth. baírhts. sq. root94.]

1. Radiating or reflecting light; shedding or having much light; shining; luminous; not dark. The sun was bright o'erhead. Longfellow. The earth was dark, but the heavens were bright. Drake. The public places were as bright as at noonday. Macaulay.

2. Transmitting light; clear; transparent. From the brightest wines He 'd turn abhorrent. Thomson.

3. Having qualities that render conspicuous or attractive, or that affect the mind as light does the eye; resplendent with charms; as, bright beauty. Bright as an angel new-dropped from the sky. Parnell.

4. Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent.

5. Sparkling with wit; lively; vivacious; shedding cheerfulness and joy around; cheerful; cheery. Be bright and jovial among your guests. Shak.

6. Illustrious; glorious. In the brightest annals of a female reign. Cotton.

7. Manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes; clear; evident; plain. That he may with more ease, with brighter evidence, and with surer success, draw the bearner on. I. Watts.

8. Of brilliant color; of lively hue or appearance. Here the bright crocus and blue violet grew. Pope.

Note: Bright is used in composition in the sense of brilliant, clear, sunny, etc.; as, bright-eyed, bright-haired, bright-hued.

Syn. — Shining; splending; luminous; lustrous; brilliant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; radiant; sparkling; glittering; lucid; beamy; clear; transparent; illustrious; witty; clear; vivacious; sunny.

BRIGHT
Bright, n.

Defn: Splendor; brightness. [Poetic]
Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appear. Milton.

BRIGHT
Bright, adv.

Defn: Brightly. Chaucer.
I say it is the moon that shines so bright. Shak.

BRIGHTEN
Bright"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brightened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Brightening.]

Note: [From Bright, a.]

1. To make bright or brighter; to make to shine; to increase the luster of; to give a brighter hue to.

2. To make illustrious, or more distinguished; to add luster or splendor to. The present queen would brighten her character, if she would exert her authority to instill virtues into her people. Swift.

3. To improve or relieve by dispelling gloom or removing that which obscures and darkens; to shed light upon; to make cheerful; as, to brighten one's prospects. An ecstasy, which mothers only feel, Plays round my heart and brightens all my sorrow. Philips.

4. To make acute or witty; to enliven. Johnson.

BRIGHTEN
Bright"en, v. i. Etym: [AS. beorhtan.]

Defn: To grow bright, or more bright; to become less dark or gloomy; to clear up; to become bright or cheerful. And night shall brighten into day. N. Cotton. And, all his prospects brightening to the last, His heaven commences ere world be past. Goldsmith.

BRIGHT-HARNESSED
Bright"-har`nessed, a.

Defn: Having glittering armor. [Poetic] Milton.

BRIGHTLY
Bright"ly, adv.

1. Brilliantly; splendidly; with luster; as, brightly shining armor.

2. With lively intelligence; intelligently. Looking brightly into the mother's face. Hawthorne.

BRIGHTNESS
Bright"ness, n. Etym: [AS. beorhines. See Bright.]

1. The quality or state of being bright; splendor; luster; brilliancy; clearness. A sudden brightness in his face appear. Crabbe.

2. Acuteness (of the faculties); sharpness 9wit. The brightness of his parts . . . distinguished him. Prior.

Syn. — Splendor; luster; radiance; resplendence; brilliancy; effulgence; glory; clearness.

BRIGHT'S DISEASE Bright's" dis*ease". Etym: [From Dr. Bright of London, who first described it.] (Med.)

Defn: An affection of the kidneys, usually inflammatory in character, and distinguished by the occurrence of albumin and renal casts in the urine. Several varieties of Bright's disease are now recognized, differing in the part of the kidney involved, and in the intensity and course of the morbid process.

BRIGHTSOME
Bright"some, a.

Defn: Bright; clear; luminous; brilliant. [R.] Marlowe.

BRIGOSE
Bri*gose", a. Etym: [LL. brigosus, It. brigoso. See Brigue, n.]

Defn: Contentious; quarrelsome. [Obs.] Puller.

BRIGUE
Brigue, n. Etym: [F. brigue, fr. LL. briga quarrel. See Brigand.]

Defn: A cabal, intrigue, faction, contention, strife, or quarrel.
[Obs.] Chesterfield.

BRIGUE
Brigue, v. i. Etym: [F. briguer. See Brigue, n.]

Defn: To contend for; to canvass; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Hurd.

BRIKE
Brike, n. Etym: [AS. brice.]

Defn: A breach; ruin; downfall; peril. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BRILL Brill, n. Etym: [Cf. Corn. brilli mackerel, fr. brith streaked, speckled.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish allied to the turbot (Rhombus levis), much esteemed in
England for food; — called also bret, pearl, prill. See Bret.

BRILLANTE
Bril*lan"te, adv. Etym: [It. See Brilliant, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: In a gay, showy, and sparkling style.

BRILLIANCE
Bril"liance, n.

Defn: Brilliancy. Tennyson.

BRILLIANCY
Bril"lian*cy, n. Etym: [See Brilliant.]

Defn: The quality of being brilliant; splendor; glitter; great brighness, whether in a literal or figurative sense. With many readers brilliancy of style passes for affluence of thought. Longfellow.

BRILLIANT Bril"liant, a. Etym: [F. brillant, p. pr. of briller to shine or sparkle (cf. Pr. & Sp. brillar, It. brillare), fr. L. beryllus a precious stone of sea-green color, Prov. It. brill. See Beryl.]

1. Sparkling with luster; glittering; very bright; as, a brilliant star.

2. Distinguished by qualities which excite admiration; splended; shining; as, brilliant talents. Washington was more solicitous to avoid fatal mistakes than to perform brilliant exploits. Fisher Ames.

Syn.
— See Shining.

BRILLIANT
Bril"liant, n. Etym: [F. brillant. See Brilliant, a.]

1. A diamond or other gem of the finest cut, formed into faces and facets, so as to reflect and refract the light, by which it is rendered nore brilliant. It has at the middle, or top, a principal face, called the table, which is surrounded by a number of sloping facets forming a bizet; below, it has a small face or collet, parallel to the table, connected with the gridle by a pavilion of elongated facets. It is thus distinguished from the rose diamond, which is entirely covered with facets on the surface, and is flat below. This snuffbox — on the hinge see brilliants shine. Pope.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The small size of type used in England printing.

Note: This line is printed in the type called Brilliant.

3. A kind of kotton goods, figured on the weaving.

BRILLIANTINE
Bril"lian*tine, n. [F. brillantine. See lst Brilliant.]

1. An oily composition used to make the hair glossy.

2. A dress fabric having a glossy finish on both sides, resembling alpaca but of superior quality.

BRILLIANTLY
Bril"liant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brilliant manner.

BRILLIANTNESS
Bril"liant*ness, n.

Defn: Brilliancy; splendor; glitter.

BRILLS Brills, n. pl. Etym: [CF. G. brille spectacles, D. bril, fr. L. berillus. See Brilliant.]

Defn: The hair on the eyelids of a horse. Bailey.

BRIM Brim, n. Etym: [OE. brim, brimme, AS. brymme edge, border; akin to Icel. barmr, Sw. bräm, Dan. bræmme, G. brame, bräme. Possibly the same word as AS. brim surge, sea, and properly meaning, the line of surf at the border of the sea, and akin to L. fremere to roar, murmur. Cf. Breeze a fly.]

1. The rim, border, or upper sdge of a cup, dish, or any hollow vessel used for holding anything. Saw I that insect on this goblet's brim I would remove it with an anxious pity. Coleridge.

2. The edge or margin, as of a fountain, or of the water contained in it; the brink; border. The feet of the priest that bare the ark were dipped in the brim of the water. Josh. iii. 15.

3. The rim of a hat. Wordsworth.

BRIM
Brim, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Brimmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Brimming.]

Defn: To be full to the brim. "The brimming stream." Milton. To brim over (literally or figuratively), to be so full that some of the contents flows over the brim; as, cup brimming over with wine; a man brimming over with fun.

BRIM
Brim, v. t.

Defn: To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top.
Arrange the board and brim the glass. Tennyson.

BRIM
Brim, a.

Defn: Fierce; sharp; cold. See Breme. [Obs.]

BRIMFUL
Brim"ful, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; completely full; ready to overflow. "Her brimful eyes." Dryden.

BRIMLESS
Brim"less, a.

Defn: Having no brim; as, brimless caps.

BRIMMED
Brimmed, a.

1. Having a brim; — usually in composition. "Broad-brimmed hat." Spectator.

2. Full to, or level with, the brim. Milton.

BRIMMER
Brim"mer, n.

Defn: A brimful bowl; a bumper.

BRIMMING
Brim"ming, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; overflowing.

BRIMSTONE
Brim"stone, n. Etym: [OE. brimston, bremston, bernston, brenston; cf.
Icel. brennistein. See Burn, v. t., and Stone.]

Defn: Sulphur; See Sulphur.

BRIMSTONE
Brim"stone, a.

Defn: Made of, or pertaining to, brimstone; as, brimstone matches.
From his brimstone bed at break of day A-walking the devil has gone.
Coleridge.

BRIMSTONY
Brim"sto`ny, a.

Defn: Containing or resembling brimstone; sulphurous. B. Jonson.

BRIN
Brin, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the radiating sticks of a fan. The outermost are larger and longer, and are called panaches. Knight.

BRINDED Brin"ded, a. Etym: [Cf. Icel. bröndottr brindled, fr. brandr brand; and OE. bernen, brinnen, to burn. See Brand, Burn.]

Defn: Of a gray or tawny color with streaks of darker hue; streaked; brindled. "Three brinded cows," Dryden. "The brinded cat." Shak.

BRINDLE
Brin"dle, n. Etym: [See Brindled.]

1. The state of being brindled.

2. A brindled color; also, that which is brindled.

BRINDLE
Brin"dle, a.

Defn: Brindled.

BRINDLED
Brin"dled, a. Etym: [A dim. form of brinded.]

Defn: Having dark streaks or spots on a gray or tawny ground; brinded. "With a brindled lion played." Churchill.

BRINE Brine, n. Etym: [AS. bryne a burning, salt liquor, brine, fr. brinnan, brynnan, to burn. See Burn.]

1. Water saturated or strongly inpregnated with salt; pickle; hence, any strong saline solution; also, the saline residue or strong mother liquor resulting from the evaporation of natural or artificial waters.

2. The ocean; the water of an ocean, sea, or salt lake. Not long beneath the whelming brine . . . he lay. Cowper.

3. Tears; — so called from their saltness. What a deal of brine Hath washed thy sallow cheecks for Rosaline! Shak. Brine fly (Zoöl.), a fly of the genus Ephydra, the larvæ of which live in artificial brines and in salt lakes. — Brine gauge, an instrument for measuring the saltness of a liquid. — Brine pan, a pit or pan of salt water, where salt is formed by cristallization. — Brine pit, a salt spring or well, from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt. — Brine pump (Marine Engin.), a pump for changing the water in the boilers, so as to clear them of the brine which collects at the bottom. — Brine shrimp, Brine worm (Zoöl.), a phyllopod crustacean of the genus Artemia, inhabiting the strong brines of salt works and natural salt lakes. See Artemia. — Brine spring, a spring of salt water. — Leach brine (Saltmaking), brine which drops from granulated salt in drying, and is preserved to be boiled again.

BRINE
Brine, v. t.

1. To steep or saturate in brine.

2. To sprinkle with salt or brine; as, to brine hay.

BRING
Bring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Brought; p. pr. & vb. n. Bringing.] Etym:
[OE. bringen, AS. bringan; akin to OS. brengian, D. brengen, Fries.
brenga, OHG. bringan, G. bringen, Goth. briggan.]

1. To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch. And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread. 1 Kings xvii. 11. To France shall we convey you safe, And bring you back. Shak.

2. To cause the accession or obtaining of; to procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to. There is nothing will bring you more honor . . . than to do what right in justice you may. Bacon.

3. To convey; to move; to carry or conduct. In distillation, the water . . . brings over with it some part of the oil of vitriol. Sir I. Newton.

4. To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to guide. It seems so preposterous a thing . . . that they do not easily bring themselves to it. Locke. The nature of the things . . . would not suffer him to think otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is brought to reflect on them. Locke.

5. To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch; as, what does coal bring per ton To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish. — To bring back. (a) To recall. (b) To restore, as something borrowed, to its owner. — To bring by the lee (Naut.), to incline so rapidly to leeward of the course, when a ship sails large, as to bring the lee side suddenly to the windward, any by laying the sails aback, expose her to danger of upsetting. — To bring down. (a) To cause to come down. (b) To humble or abase; as, to bring down high looks. — To bring down the house, to cause tremendous applause. [Colloq.] — To bring forth. (a) To produce, as young fruit. (b) To bring to light; to make manifest. — To bring forward (a) To exhibit; to introduce; to produce to view. (b) To hasten; to promote; to forward. (c) To propose; to adduce; as, to bring forward arguments. — To bring home. (a) To bring to one's house. (b) To prove conclusively; as, to bring home a charge of treason. (c) To cause one to feel or appreciate by personal experience. (d) (Naut.) To lift of its place, as an anchor. — To bring in. (a) To fetch from without; to import. (b) To introduce, as a bill in a deliberative assembly. (c) To return or repot to, or lay before, a court or other body; to render; as, to bring in a verdict or a report. (d) To take to an appointed place of deposit or collection; as, to bring in provisions or money for a specified object. (e) To produce, as income. (f) To induce to join. — To bring off, to bear or convey away; to clear from condemnation; to cause to escape. — To bring on. (a) To cause to begin. (b) To originate or cause to exist; as, to bring on a disease. — To bring one on one's way, to accompany, guide, or attend one. — To bring out, to expose; to detect; to bring to light from concealment. — To bring over. (a) To fetch or bear across. (b) To convert by persuasion or other means; to cause to change sides or an opinion. — To bring to. (a) To resuscitate; to bring back to consciousness or life, as a fainting person. (b) (Naut.) To check the course of, as of a ship, by dropping the anchor, or by counterbracing the sails so as to keep her nearly stationary (she is then said to lie to). (c) To cause (a vessel) to lie to, as by firing across her course. (d) To apply a rope to the capstan. — To bring to light, to disclose; to discover; to make clear; to reveal. — To bring a sail to (Naut.), to bend it to the yard. — To bring to pass, to accomplish to effect. "Trust also in Him; and He shall bring it to pass." Ps. xxxvii. 5. — To bring under, to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience. — To bring up. (a) To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to educate. (b) To cause to stop suddenly. (c)

Note: [v. i. by dropping the reflexive pronoun] To stop suddenly; to come to a standstill. [Colloq.] — To bring up (any one) with a round turn, to cause (any one) to stop abruptly. [Colloq.] — To be brought to bed. See under Bed.

Syn. — To fetch; bear; carry; convey; transport; import; procure; produce; cause; adduce; induce.

BRINGER
Bring"er, n.

Defn: One who brings.
Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news Hath but a losing office.
Shak.
Bringer in, one who, or that which, introduces.

BRININESS
Brin"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being briny; saltness; brinishness.

BRINISH
Brin"ish, a.

Defn: Like brine; somewhat salt; saltish. "Brinish tears." Shak.

BRINISHNESS
Brin"ish*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being brinish.

BRINJAREE
Brin"ja*ree`, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rough-haired East Indian variety of the greyhound.

BRINK Brink, n. Etym: [Dan. brink edge, verge; akin to Sw. brink declivity, hill, Icel. brekka; cf. LG. brink a grassy hill, W. bryn hill, bryncyn hillock.]

Defn: The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge, as of a river or pit; a verge; a border; as, the brink of a chasm. Also Fig. "The brink of vice." Bp. Porteus. "The brink of ruin." Burke. The plashy brink of weedy lake. Bryant.

BRINY
Brin"y, a. Etym: [From Brine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood.

BRIOCHE
Bri`oche", n. [F.]

1. A light cake made with flour, butter, yeast, and eggs.

2. A knitted foot cushion.

BRIOLETTE
Bri`o*lette", n. [F.]

Defn: An oval or pearshaped diamond having its entire surface cut in triangular facets.

BRIONY
Bri"o*ny, n.

Defn: See Bryony. Tennyson.

BRIQUETTE
Bri*quette", n. [Also briquet.] [F., dim. of brique brick.]

1. A block of compacted coal dust, or peat, etc., for fuel.

2. A block of artificial stone in the form of a brick, used for paving; also, a molded sample of solidified cement or mortar for use as a test piece for showing the strength of the material.

BRISK Brisk, a. Etym: [Cf. W. brysg, fr. brys haste, Gael. briosg quick, lively, Ir. broisg a start, leap, jerk.]

1. Full of liveliness and activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action; lively; spirited; quick. Cheerily, boys; be brick awhile. Shak. Brick toil alternating with ready ease. Wordworth.

2. Full of spirit of life; effervescas, brick cider.

Syn. — Active; lively; agile; alert; nimble; quick; sprightly; vivacious; gay; spirited; animated.

BRISK
Brisk, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Bricked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bricking.]

Defn: To make or become lively; to enliven; to animate; to take, or cause to take, an erect or bold attitude; — usually with up.

BRISKET Bris"ket, n. Etym: [OE. bruskette, OF. bruschet, F. bréchet, brichet; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. brysced the breast of a slain animal, brisket, Corn. vrys breast, Armor. brusk, bruched, the front of the chest, Gael. brisgein the cartilaginous part of a bone.]

Defn: That part of the breast of an animal which extends from the fore legs back beneath the ribs; also applied to the fore part of a horse, from the shoulders to the bottom of the chest.

Note: [See Illust. of Beef.]

BRISKLY
Brisk"ly, adv.

Defn: In a brisk manner; nimbly.

BRISKNESS
Brisk"ness, n.

Defn: Liveliness; vigor in action; quickness; gayety; vivacity; effervescence.

BRISTLE
Bris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bristel, brustel, AS. bristl, byrst; akin to
D. borstel, OHG. burst, G. borste, Icel. burst, Sw. borst, and to
Skr. bh edge, point, and prob, L. fastigium extremity, Gr. brush,
burr, perh. to brad. sq. root96.]

1. A short, stiff, coarse hair, as on the back of swine.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A stiff, sharp, roundish hair. Gray.

BRISTLE
Bris"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bristled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bristling.]

1. To erect the bristles of; to cause to stand up, as the bristles of an angry hog; — sometimes with up. Now for the bare-picked bone of majesty Doth dogged war bristle his angry crest. Shak. Boy, bristle thy courage up. Shak.

2. To fix a bristle to; as, to bristle a thread.

BRISTLE
Bris"tle, v. i.

1. To rise or stand erect, like bristles. His hair did bristle upon his head. Sir W. Scott.

2. To appear as if covered with bristles; to have standing, thick and erect, like bristles. The hill of La Haye Sainte bristling with ten thousand bayonets. Thackeray. Ports bristling with thousands of masts. Macaulay.

3. To show deflance or indignation. To bristle up, to show anger or deflance.

BRISTLE-POINTED
Bris"tle-point`ed, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Terminating in a very fine, sharp point, as some leaves.

BRISTLE-SHAPED
Bris"tle-shaped`, a.

Defn: Resembling a bristle in form; as, a bristle-shaped leaf.

BRISTLETAIL
Bris"tle*tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect of the genera Lepisma, Campodea, etc., belonging to the Thysanura.

BRISTLINESS
Bris"tli*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of having bristles.

BRISTLY
Bris"tly, a.

Defn: THick set with bristles, or with hairs resembling bristles;
rough.
The leaves of the black mulberry are somewhat bristly. Bacon.

BRISTOL
Bris"tol, n.

Defn: A seaport city in the west of England. Bristol board, a kind of fine pasteboard, made with a smooth but usually unglazed surface. — Bristol brick, a brick of siliceous matter used for polishing cultery; — originally manufactured at Bristol. — Bristol stone, rock crystal, or brilliant crystals of quartz, found in the mountain limestone near Bristol, and used in making ornaments, vases, etc. When polished, it is called Bristol diamond.

BRISURE
Bri*sure", n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: Any part of a rampart or parapet which deviates from the general direction.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A mark of cadency or difference.

BRIT; BRITT Brit, Britt, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The young of the common herring; also, a small species of herring; the sprat. (b) The minute marine animals (chiefly Entomostraca) upon which the right whales feed.

BRITANNIA
Bri*tan"ni*a, n. Etym: [From L. Britannia Great Britain.]

Defn: A white-metal alloy of tin, antimony, bismuth, copper, etc. It somewhat resembles silver, and isused for table ware. Called also Britannia metal.

BRITANNIC
Bri*tan"nic, a. Etym: [L. Britannicus, fr. Britannia Great Britain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Great Britain; British; as, her Britannic
Majesty.

BRITE; BRIGHT
Brite, Bright, v. t.

Defn: To be or become overripe, as wheat, barley, or hops. [Prov.
Eng.]

BRITICISM
Brit"i*cism, n.

Defn: A word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Great Britain; any manner of using a word or words that is peculiar to Great Britain.

BRITISH
Brit"ish, a. Etym: [AS. Brittisc, Bryttisc.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Great Britain or to its inhabitants; — sometimes restrict to the original inhabitants. British gum, a brownish substance, very soluble in cold water, formed by heating dry starch at a temperature of about 600° Fahr. It corresponds, in its properties, to dextrin, and is used, in solution, as a substitute for gum in stiffering goods. — British lion, the national emblem of Great Britain. — British seas, the four seas which surround Great Britain.

BRITISH
Brit"ish, n. pl.

Defn: People of Great Britain.

BRITISHER
Brit"ish*er, n.

Defn: An Englishman; a subject or inhabitant of Great Britain, esp. one in the British military or naval service. [Now used jocosely]

BRITON
Brit"on, a. Etym: [AS. bryten Britain.]

Defn: British. [Obs.] Spenser.
— n.

Defn: A native of Great Britain.

BRITTLE
Brit"tle, a. Etym: [OE. britel, brutel, AS. bryttian to dispense, fr.
breótan to break; akin to Icel. brytja, Sw. bryta, Dan. bryde. Cf.
Brickle.]

Defn: Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious.
Farewell, thou pretty, brittle piece Of fine-cut crystal. Cotton.
Brittle silver ore, the mineral stephanite.

BRITTLELY
Brit"tle*ly, adv.

Defn: In a brittle manner. Sherwood.

BRITTLENESS
Brit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: Aptness to break; fragility.

BRITTLE STAR
Brit"tle star`.

Defn: Any species of ophiuran starfishes. See Ophiuroidea.

BRITZSKA Britz"ska, n. Etym: [Russ. britshka; cf. Pol. bryczka, dim. of bryka freight wagon.]

Defn: A long carriage, with a calash top, so constructed as to give space for reclining at night, when used on a journey.