← The 2004 CIA World Factbook, Volume 2
Chapter 3
@2001 GDP (part 3)
Zambia
The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the
South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in
1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred
development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon
independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper
prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991
brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996
saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001
was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a
legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate
Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched a far-reaching
anti-corruption campaign in 2002, which resulted in the prosecution
of former President Frederick CHILUBA and many of his supporters in
late 2003. Opposition parties currently hold a majority of seats in
the National Assembly.
Zimbabwe
The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa
Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored
whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its
independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more
complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country
(then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising
finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe)
in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been
the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated
the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land
redistribution campaign begun in 2000 caused an exodus of white
farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages
of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE
rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection.
Opposition and labor groups launched general strikes in 2003 to
pressure MUGABE to retire early; security forces continued their
brutal repression of regime opponents.
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2030 Airports - with paved runways
Afghanistan total: 10 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Albania total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Algeria
total: 52
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 27
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
American Samoa
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Angola
total: 32
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Anguilla total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Argentina total: 144 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 26 1,524 to 2,437 m: 62 914 to 1,523 m: 44 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Armenia
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2003 est.)
Aruba total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Australia
total: 305
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 131
914 to 1,523 m: 139
under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Austria
total: 24
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan
total: 27
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The
total: 29
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bahrain total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bangladesh total: 15 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Barbados total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Belarus
total: 50
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 21
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
under 914 m: 21 (2003 est.)
Belgium
total: 25
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Belize
total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Benin
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bermuda
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bhutan
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bolivia
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Botswana
total: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Brazil
total: 698
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 23
1,524 to 2,437 m: 158
914 to 1,523 m: 461
under 914 m: 49 (2004 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Brunei total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bulgaria
total: 128
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 19
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 92 (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso
total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Burma
total: 9
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Burundi total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cambodia total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Cameroon
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Canada
total: 503
over 3,047 m: 18
2,438 to 3,047 m: 15
1,524 to 2,437 m: 150
914 to 1,523 m: 245
under 914 m: 75 (2004 est.)
Cape Verde total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Central African Republic total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Chad
total: 7
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Chile
total: 71
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 21
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m: 15 (2004 est.)
China
total: 332
over 3,047 m: 49
2,438 to 3,047 m: 97
1,524 to 2,437 m: 129
914 to 1,523 m: 22
under 914 m: 35 (2003 est.)
Christmas Island
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Colombia
total: 101
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 39
914 to 1,523 m: 39
under 914 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Comoros total: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 24 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Cook Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Costa Rica total: 30 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Croatia
total: 23
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Cuba
total: 79
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 20
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 37 (2004 est.)
Cyprus
total: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic
total: 44
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Denmark
total: 28
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Djibouti total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1524 to 2437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Dominica total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic total: 13 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
East Timor total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Ecuador
total: 62
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 19
under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Egypt
total: 72
over 3,047 m: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 38
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
El Salvador
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Eritrea
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Estonia
total: 14
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Ethiopia total: 14 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Faroe Islands
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Fiji
total: 3
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Finland
total: 75
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 27
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
France
total: 283
over 3,047 m: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 28
1,524 to 2,437 m: 95
914 to 1,523 m: 82
under 914 m: 65 (2004 est.)
French Guiana total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
French Polynesia
total: 37
over 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Gabon
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Gambia, The
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Georgia
total: 17
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2003 est.)
Germany
total: 331
over 3,047 m: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 51
1,524 to 2,437 m: 62
914 to 1,523 m: 71
under 914 m: 134 (2004 est.)
Ghana
total: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Gibraltar
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Greece
total: 66
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 16
1,524 to 2,437 m: 20
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Greenland
total: 9
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Grenada
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guadeloupe
total: 8
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Guam
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guatemala total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Guernsey total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guinea
total: 5
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
total: 3
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guyana
total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Haiti
total: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Honduras
total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Hong Kong
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Hungary
total: 18
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Iceland total: 5 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
India
total: 234
over 3,047 m: 14
2,438 to 3,047 m: 47
1,524 to 2,437 m: 78
914 to 1,523 m: 74
under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Indonesia
total: 154
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 13
1,524 to 2,437 m: 44
914 to 1,523 m: 49
under 914 m: 44 (2004 est.)
Iran
total: 127
over 3,047 m: 39
2,438 to 3,047 m: 25
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 32
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Iraq
total: 79
over 3,047 m: 21
2,438 to 3,047 m: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Ireland
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Israel
total: 28
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Italy
total: 96
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 32
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 30
under 914 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Jamaica
total: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Japan
total: 143
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 37
1,524 to 2,437 m: 39
914 to 1,523 m: 28
under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Jersey
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Johnston Atoll
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Jordan
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan
total: 64
over 3,047 m: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 26
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 10 (2003 est.)
Kenya
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kiribati total: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Korea, North
total: 35
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 23
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 3 (2003 est.)
Korea, South
total: 88
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 21
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 38 (2004 est.)
Kuwait
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan total: 17 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 under 914 m: 2 (2003 est.)
Laos
total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Latvia
total: 27
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 16 (2003 est.)
Lebanon
total: 5
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Lesotho total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Liberia total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Libya
total: 59
over 3,047 m: 23
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Lithuania
total: 28
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 14 (2003 est.)
Luxembourg
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Macau
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Macedonia total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Madagascar total: 29 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Malawi
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Malaysia
total: 38
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Maldives
total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mali
total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Malta
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Marshall Islands total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Martinique total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mauritania
total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Mauritius
total: 2
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mayotte
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mexico
total: 233
over 3,047 m: 12
2,438 to 3,047 m: 28
1,524 to 2,437 m: 84
914 to 1,523 m: 80
under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Midway Islands
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Moldova
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Mongolia total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 (2003 est.)
Montserrat total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Morocco
total: 25
over 3,047 m: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mozambique
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Namibia
total: 21
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Nauru
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Nepal
total: 9
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Netherlands
total: 20
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
total: 5
over 3,047 m: 1
2038 to 3047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
New Caledonia total: 11 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
New Zealand total: 46 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Nicaragua total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Niger
total: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Nigeria
total: 36
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Niue
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Norfolk Island
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Norway
total: 65
2,438 to 3,047 m: 13
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 14
under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Oman
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Pakistan
total: 92
over 3,047 m: 14
2,438 to 3,047 m: 22
1,524 to 2,437 m: 32
914 to 1,523 m: 18
under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Palau
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Panama
total: 44
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea total: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Paracel Islands total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Paraguay total: 12 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Peru
total: 52
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Philippines
total: 82
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 35
under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Poland
total: 84
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 30
1,524 to 2,437 m: 40
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Portugal
total: 42
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico total: 17 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Qatar total: 2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Reunion total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Romania total: 25 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Russia
total: 585
over 3,047 m: 56
2,438 to 3,047 m: 201
1,524 to 2,437 m: 122
914 to 1,523 m: 100
under 914 m: 106 (2003 est.)
Rwanda
total: 4
over 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Helena total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Lucia
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Samoa
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 72 over 3,047 m: 32 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Senegal total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro total: 19 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Seychelles total: 8 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Singapore
total: 10
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Slovakia
total: 17
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Slovenia
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Somalia total: 6 over 3,047 m: 4 2438 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
South Africa
total: 144
over 3,047 m: 10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 51
914 to 1,523 m: 67
under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Spain
total: 95
over 3,047 m: 15
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m: 28 (2004 est.)
Spratly Islands total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 less than 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka
total: 13
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Sudan
total: 12
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Suriname
total: 5
over 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Svalbard
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Swaziland
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sweden
total: 154
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 82
914 to 1,523 m: 22
under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Switzerland
total: 42
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 16 (2004 est.)
Syria
total: 26
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Taiwan
total: 37
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Tajikistan
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2003 est.)
Tanzania
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Thailand
total: 65
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
914 to 1,523 m: 19
under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Togo
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tonga
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 3 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Tunisia
total: 14
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Turkey
total: 87
over 3,047 m: 16
2,438 to 3,047 m: 30
1,524 to 2,437 m: 20
914 to 1,523 m: 17
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan
total: 24
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 12
1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Uganda total: 4 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Ukraine
total: 174
over 3,047 m: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 57
1,524 to 2,437 m: 30
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 70 (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates
total: 22
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
United Kingdom
total: 334
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
1,524 to 2,437 m: 150
914 to 1,523 m: 86
under 914 m: 57 (2004 est.)
United States
total: 5,128
over 3,047 m: 188
2,438 to 3,047 m: 221
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,375
914 to 1,523 m: 2,383
under 914 m: 961 (2004 est.)
Uruguay
total: 14
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 33 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 14 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 4 (2003 est.)
Vanuatu
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1524 to 2437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Venezuela total: 127 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 61 under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)
Vietnam total: 16 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Wake Island
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
West Bank total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Western Sahara total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Yemen
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Zambia
total: 10
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe
total: 17
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 8 (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2031 Airports - with unpaved runways
Afghanistan total: 37 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Albania
total: 8
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Algeria
total: 85
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 38
under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)
American Samoa
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Angola
total: 211
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 30
914 to 1,523 m: 95
under 914 m: 80 (2004 est.)
Anguilla total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Antarctica total: 20 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Argentina total: 1,190 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 50 914 to 1,523 m: 569 under 914 m: 567 (2004 est.)
Armenia
total: 6
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Australia
total: 143
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 112
under 914 m: 14 (2004 est.)
Austria
total: 31
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 27 (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan total: 40 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 32 (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The total: 34 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Bahrain
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bangladesh
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Belarus
total: 85
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 64 (2003 est.)
Belgium
total: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 16 (2004 est.)
Belize
total: 38
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Benin
total: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Bhutan
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bolivia
total: 1,049
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 60
914 to 1,523 m: 207
under 914 m: 778 (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 19
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Botswana
total: 75
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 54
under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Brazil
total: 3,438
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 78
914 to 1,523 m: 1,579
under 914 m: 1,780 (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Brunei
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Bulgaria
total: 85
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 72 (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso
total: 31
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Burma
total: 69
over 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)
Burundi total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Cambodia
total: 14
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cameroon
total: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Canada
total: 823
1,524 to 2,437 m: 67
914 to 1,523 m: 347
under 914 m: 409 (2004 est.)
Cape Verde
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Central African Republic total: 47 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Chad
total: 44
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Chile
total: 293
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
914 to 1,523 m: 60
under 914 m: 217 (2004 est.)
China
total: 175
over 3,047 m: 23
2,438 to 3,047 m: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 36
914 to 1,523 m: 40
under 914 m: 66 (2003 est.)
Colombia
total: 879
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 34
914 to 1,523 m: 272
under 914 m: 572 (2004 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 206
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 92
under 914 m: 97 (2004 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
total: 28
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Cook Islands
total: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Costa Rica total: 119 914 to 1,523 m: 24 under 914 m: 95 (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
total: 30
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Croatia
total: 45
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 37 (2004 est.)
Cuba
total: 91
914 to 1,523 m: 29
under 914 m: 62 (2004 est.)
Cyprus
total: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Czech Republic total: 76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 48 (2004 est.)
Denmark total: 69 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 63 (2004 est.)
Djibouti
total: 10
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Dominican Republic
total: 18
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
East Timor
total: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Ecuador
total: 143
914 to 1,523 m: 30
under 914 m: 113 (2004 est.)
Egypt
total: 15
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
El Salvador total: 69 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Eritrea
total: 13
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Estonia
total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 6 (2003 est.)
Ethiopia
total: 69
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 27
under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
Europa Island
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total: 3
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Fiji
total: 25
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 19 (2004 est.)
Finland
total: 73
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 69 (2004 est.)
France
total: 195
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 72
under 914 m: 120 (2004 est.)
French Guiana
total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
French Polynesia
total: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Gabon
total: 45
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Georgia total: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Germany
total: 219
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 31
under 914 m: 185 (2004 est.)
Ghana
total: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Glorioso Islands total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Greece total: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Greenland total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Guadeloupe
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guam
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Guatemala total: 441 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 109 under 914 m: 323 (2004 est.)
Guinea
total: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
total: 25
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Guyana
total: 41
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Haiti
total: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Honduras total: 104 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)
Hungary
total: 26
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Iceland
total: 93
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 29
under 914 m: 61 (2004 est.)
India
total: 99
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 42
under 914 m: 45 (2004 est.)
Indonesia
total: 513
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 27
under 914 m: 480 (2004 est.)
Iran
total: 178
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 129
under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)
Iraq
total: 32
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 9 (2004 est.)
Ireland
total: 21
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Israel
total: 23
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Italy
total: 38
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 18
under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Jamaica total: 24 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Jan Mayen total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Japan
total: 31
over 3047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 26 (2004 est.)
Jordan
total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Juan de Nova Island
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan total: 328 over 3,047 m: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 217 (2003 est.)
Kenya
total: 206
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 110
under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)
Kiribati
total: 17
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Korea, North total: 43 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 20 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 8 (2003 est.)
Korea, South
total: 91
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 88 (2004 est.)
Kuwait
total: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
total: 44
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 37 (2003 est.)
Laos
total: 35
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Latvia
total: 24
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 20 (2003 est.)
Lebanon
total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Lesotho
total: 25
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Liberia
total: 51
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 38 (2004 est.)
Libya
total: 80
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 41
under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Lithuania total: 74 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 67 (2003 est.)
Luxembourg total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Macedonia total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Madagascar
total: 87
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 42
under 914 m: 43 (2004 est.)
Malawi
total: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Malaysia
total: 79
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 72 (2004 est.)
Maldives
total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Mali
total: 19
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.)
Marshall Islands total: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Martinique total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mauritania total: 16 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Mauritius total: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Mexico
total: 1,600
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 69
914 to 1,523 m: 454
under 914 m: 1,075 (2004 est.)
Midway Islands
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Moldova
total: 18
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 11 (2003 est.)
Mongolia
total: 25
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 11
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 5 (2003 est.)
Morocco
total: 38
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Mozambique
total: 136
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 34
under 914 m: 87 (2004 est.)
Namibia
total: 115
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 22
914 to 1,523 m: 71
under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Nepal
total: 37
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Netherlands
total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
New Caledonia
total: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 6 (2004 est.)
New Zealand
total: 70
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 29
under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)
Nicaragua
total: 165
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 23
under 914 m: 141 (2004 est.)
Niger
total: 18
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 14
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Nigeria
total: 34
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands
total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Norway
total: 36
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 29 (2004 est.)
Oman
total: 130
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 52
914 to 1,523 m: 34
under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Pakistan total: 39 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Palau
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Palmyra Atoll
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Panama
total: 61
914 to 1,523 m: 12
under 914 m: 49 (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea
total: 550
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 62
under 914 m: 478 (2004 est.)
Paraguay
total: 866
1,524 to 2,437 m: 26
914 to 1,523 m: 323
under 914 m: 517 (2004 est.)
Peru
total: 182
1,524 to 2,437 m: 21
914 to 1,523 m: 62
under 914 m: 99 (2004 est.)
Philippines
total: 173
1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 68
under 914 m: 100 (2004 est.)
Poland
total: 39
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 13
under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Portugal total: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 22 (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico total: 13 1,524 to 2, 437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Qatar
total: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Romania
total: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 24 (2004 est.)
Russia
total: 2,024
over 3,047 m: 19
2,438 to 3,047 m: 34
1,524 to 2,437 m: 120
914 to 1,523 m: 261
under 914 m: 1,590 (2003 est.)
Rwanda
total: 5
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Samoa
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia total: 129 over 3047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 72 914 to 1,523 m: 39 under 914 m: 12 (2004 est.)
Senegal
total: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
total: 25
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)
Seychelles
total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone
total: 9
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Slovakia
total: 17
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Slovenia
total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands
total: 31
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
Somalia
total: 54
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 29
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
South Africa
total: 584
1,524 to 2,437 m: 34
914 to 1,523 m: 300
under 914 m: 250 (2004 est.)
Spain
total: 61
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 44 (2004 est.)
Spratly Islands
total: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka
total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Sudan
total: 63
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 33
under 914 m: 11 (2004 est.)
Suriname total: 41 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
Svalbard total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Swaziland
total: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 10 (2004 est.)
Sweden
total: 100
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 90 (2004 est.)
Switzerland
total: 23
under 914 m: 23 (2004 est.)
Syria
total: 66
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
Taiwan
total: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tajikistan
total: 51
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 10
under 914 m: 40 (2003 est.)
Tanzania
total: 112
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 60
under 914 m: 33 (2004 est.)
Thailand
total: 44
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 15
under 914 m: 28 (2004 est.)
Togo
total: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tonga
total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tromelin Island total: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Tunisia
total: 16
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 7
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Turkey
total: 32
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 8
under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan total: 45 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 36 (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Tuvalu
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Uganda
total: 25
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 7 (2004 est.)
Ukraine
total: 528
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 35
under 914 m: 469 (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates
total: 13
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
United Kingdom total: 137 2438 to 3047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 112 (2004 est.)
United States total: 9,729 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 160 914 to 1,523 m: 1,718 under 914 m: 7,843 (2004 est.)
Uruguay
total: 50
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 17
under 914 m: 31 (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan total: 214 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 200 (2003 est.)
Vanuatu total: 27 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 17 (2004 est.)
Venezuela
total: 242
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 88
under 914 m: 144 (2004 est.)
Vietnam
total: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Western Sahara total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Yemen
total: 28
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Zambia
total: 99
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 62
under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe total: 387 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 186 under 914 m: 196 (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2032 Environment - current issues
Afghanistan
limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate
supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing;
deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for
fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water
pollution
Akrotiri
shooting around the salt lake; note - breeding place for
loggerhead and green turtles; only remaining colony of griffon
vultures is on the base
Albania
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial
and domestic effluents
Algeria
soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming
practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum
refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the
pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in
particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and
fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water
American Samoa
limited natural fresh water resources; the water
division of the government has spent substantial funds in the past
few years to improve water catchments and pipelines
Andorra
deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes
to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste
disposal
Angola
overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable
to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical
rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical
timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of
biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and
siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water
Anguilla
supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing
demand largely because of poor distribution system
Antarctica
in 1998, NASA satellite data showed that the antarctic
ozone hole was the largest on record, covering 27 million square
kilometers; researchers in 1997 found that increased ultraviolet
light coming through the hole damages the DNA of icefish, an
antarctic fish lacking hemoglobin; ozone depletion earlier was shown
to harm one-celled antarctic marine plants; in 2002, significant
areas of ice shelves disintegrated in response to regional warming
Antigua and Barbuda
water management - a major concern because of
limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the
clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to
run off quickly
Arctic Ocean
endangered marine species include walruses and whales;
fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from
disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Argentina
environmental problems (urban and rural) typical of an
industrializing economy such as deforestation, soil degradation,
desertification, air pollution, and water pollution
note: Argentina is a world leader in setting voluntary greenhouse
gas targets
Armenia
soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; the energy
crisis of the 1990s led to deforestation when citizens scavenged for
firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the
draining of Sevana Lich (Lake Sevan), a result of its use as a
source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of
Metsamor nuclear power plant in spite of its location in a
seismically active zone
Aruba
NA
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
NA
Atlantic Ocean
endangered marine species include the manatee, seals,
sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the
decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes;
municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and
eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico,
Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste
and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and
Mediterranean Sea
Australia
soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development,
urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due
to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for
agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique
animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast
coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by
increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited
natural fresh water resources
Austria
some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution;
soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air
pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power
stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria
between northern and southern Europe
Azerbaijan
local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron
Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be
the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe
air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil
spills, from the use of DDT as a pesticide, and from toxic
defoliants used in the production of cotton
Bahamas, The
coral reef decay; solid waste disposal
Bahrain
desertification resulting from the degradation of limited
arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal
degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation)
resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers,
oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater
resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all
water needs
Baker Island
no natural fresh water resources
Bangladesh
many people are landless and forced to live on and
cultivate flood-prone land; water-borne diseases prevalent in
surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results
from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by
naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of
falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the
country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe
overpopulation
Barbados
pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships;
soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination
of aquifers
Bassas da India
NA
Belarus
soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the
country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident
at Chornobyl' in northern Ukraine
Belgium
the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human
activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry,
extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water
pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries;
uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now
resolved) have slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges
Belize
deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial
effluents, agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal
Benin
inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens
wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification
Bermuda
asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open
space; sustainable development
Bhutan
soil erosion; limited access to potable water
Bolivia
the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the
international demand for tropical timber are contributing to
deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation
methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification;
loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used
for drinking and irrigation
Bosnia and Herzegovina
air pollution from metallurgical plants;
sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and
destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992-95 civil strife;
deforestation
Botswana
overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Bouvet Island
NA
Brazil
deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and
endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the
area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water
pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large
cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper
mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills
British Indian Ocean Territory
NA
British Virgin Islands
limited natural fresh water resources (except
for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola, most of the
islands' water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchments)
Brunei
seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Bulgaria
air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted
from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest
damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil
contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and
industrial wastes
Burkina Faso
recent droughts and desertification severely affecting
agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy;
overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation
Burma
deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water;
inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease
Burundi
soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of
agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land
remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat
loss threatens wildlife populations
Cambodia
illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip
mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand
have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in
particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural
fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population
does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because
of illegal fishing and overfishing
Cameroon
water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation;
overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing
Canada
air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting
lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities,
and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest
productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to
agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities
Cape Verde
soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted
in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has
threatened several species of birds and reptiles; illegal beach sand
extraction; overfishing
Cayman Islands
no natural fresh water resources; drinking water
supplies must be met by rainwater catchments
Central African Republic
tap water is not potable; poaching has
diminished the country's reputation as one of the last great
wildlife refuges; desertification; deforestation
Chad
inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal
in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution;
desertification
Chile
widespread deforestation and mining threaten natural
resources; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions;
water pollution from raw sewage
China
air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates)
from reliance on coal produces acid rain; water shortages,
particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes;
deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land
since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development;
desertification; trade in endangered species
Christmas Island
NA
Clipperton Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
fresh water resources are limited to
rainwater accumulations in natural underground reservoirs
Colombia
deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse
of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle
emissions
Comoros
soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation
on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation
Congo, Democratic Republic of the poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; refugees responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching; mining of minerals (coltan - a mineral used in creating capacitors, diamonds, and gold) causing environmental damage
Congo, Republic of the
air pollution from vehicle emissions; water
pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable;
deforestation
Cook Islands
NA
Coral Sea Islands
no permanent fresh water resources
Costa Rica
deforestation and land use change, largely a result of
the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil
erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste
management; air pollution
Cote d'Ivoire
deforestation (most of the country's forests - once
the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water
pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents
Croatia
air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid
rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and
domestic waste; landmine removal and reconstruction of
infrastructure consequent to 1992-95 civil strife
Cuba
air and water pollution; biodiversity loss; deforestation
Cyprus
water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments,
seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's
largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution
from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of
wildlife habitats from urbanization
Czech Republic
air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia
and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid
rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code
should improve domestic pollution
Denmark
air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant
emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea;
drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and
pesticides
Dhekelia
netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the
spring and autumn
Djibouti
inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land;
desertification; endangered species
Dominica
NA
Dominican Republic
water shortages; soil eroding into the sea
damages coral reefs; deforestation
East Timor
widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to
deforestation and soil erosion
Ecuador
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water
pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically
sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands
Egypt
agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown
sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam;
desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and
marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides,
raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh
water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water
source; rapid growth in population overstraining the Nile and
natural resources
El Salvador
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution;
contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes
Equatorial Guinea
tap water is not potable; deforestation
Eritrea
deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing;
loss of infrastructure from civil warfare
Estonia
air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning
power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted
to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less
than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to
water bodies in 2000 was one twentieth the level of 1980; in
connection with the start-up of new water purification plants, the
pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400
natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural
areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain
locations
Ethiopia
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification;
water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor
management
Europa Island
NA
European Union
NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Faroe Islands
NA
Fiji
deforestation; soil erosion
Finland
air pollution from manufacturing and power plants
contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes,
agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
France
some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from
industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes,
agricultural runoff
French Guiana
NA
French Polynesia
NA
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
NA
Gabon
deforestation; poaching
Gambia, The
deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases
prevalent
Gaza Strip
desertification; salination of fresh water; sewage
treatment; water-borne disease; soil degradation; depletion and
contamination of underground water resources
Georgia
air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of
Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable
water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals
Germany
emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries
contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur
dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea
from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern
Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a
mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15
years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature
preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat
directive
Ghana
recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural
activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and
habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution;
inadequate supplies of potable water
Gibraltar
limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or
natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for
drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Glorioso Islands
NA
Greece
air pollution; water pollution
Greenland
protection of the arctic environment; preservation of the
Inuit traditional way of life, including whaling and seal hunting
Grenada
NA
Guadeloupe
NA
Guam
extirpation of native bird population by the rapid
proliferation of the brown tree snake, an exotic, invasive species
Guatemala
deforestation in the Peten rainforest; soil erosion; water
pollution
Guernsey
NA
Guinea
deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water;
desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing,
overpopulation in forest region; poor mining practices have led to
environmental damage
Guinea-Bissau
deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing
Guyana
water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial
chemicals; deforestation
Haiti
extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land
is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion;
inadequate supplies of potable water
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
NA
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA
Honduras
urban population expanding; deforestation results from
logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further
land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled
development and improper land use practices such as farming of
marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the
country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers
and streams, with heavy metals
Hong Kong
air and water pollution from rapid urbanization
Howland Island
no natural fresh water resources
Hungary
the upgrading of Hungary's standards in waste management,
energy efficiency, and air, soil, and water pollution with
environmental requirements for EU accession will require large
investments
Iceland
water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate
wastewater treatment
India
deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air
pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water
pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap
water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing
population is overstraining natural resources
Indian Ocean
endangered marine species include the dugong, seals,
turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf,
and Red Sea
Indonesia
deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes,
sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest
fires
Iran
air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle
emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents;
deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the
Persian Gulf; wetland losses from drought; soil degradation
(salination); inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution
from raw sewage and industrial waste; urbanization
Iraq
government water control projects have drained most of the
inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting
the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh
Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been
displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses
serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate
supplies of potable water; development of the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian
Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and
erosion; desertification
Ireland
water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural
runoff
Israel
limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose
serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial
and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and
domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides
Italy
air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur
dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and
agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate
industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities
Jamaica
heavy rates of deforestation; coastal waters polluted by
industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air
pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions
Jan Mayen
NA
Japan
air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain;
acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and
threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of
fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these
resources in Asia and elsewhere
Jarvis Island
no natural fresh water resources
Jersey
NA
Johnston Atoll
no natural fresh water resources
Jordan
limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Juan de Nova Island
NA
Kazakhstan
radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with
former defense industries and test ranges scattered throughout the
country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial
pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers
which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it
is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical
pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by
the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the
Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals
and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation
practices
Kenya
water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation
of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers;
water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; deforestation; soil
erosion; desertification; poaching
Kingman Reef
none
Kiribati
heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to
heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon
latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk
Korea, North
water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water;
water-borne disease; deforestation; soil erosion and degradation
Korea, South
air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water
pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents;
drift net fishing
Kuwait
limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's
largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much
of the water; air and water pollution; desertification
Kyrgyzstan
water pollution; many people get their water directly
from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne
diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty
irrigation practices
Laos
unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; most of the
population does not have access to potable water
Latvia
Latvia's environment has benefited from a shift to service
industries after the country regained independence; the main
environmental priorities are improvement of drinking water quality
and sewage system, household and hazardous waste management, and
reduction of air pollution; in 2001, Latvia closed the EU accession
negotiation chapter on environment committing to full enforcement of
EU environmental directives by 2010
Lebanon
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution
in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial
wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills
Lesotho
population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas
results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion;
desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and
redirects water to South Africa
Liberia
tropical rain forest deforestation; soil erosion; loss of
biodiversity; pollution of coastal waters from oil residue and raw
sewage
Libya
desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources;
the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development
scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large
aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Liechtenstein
NA
Lithuania
contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum
products and chemicals at military bases
Luxembourg
air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of
farmland
Macau
NA
Macedonia
air pollution from metallurgical plants
Madagascar
soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing;
desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and
other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to
the island are endangered
Malawi
deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from
agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of
spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Malaysia
air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions;
water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation; smoke/haze from
Indonesian forest fires
Maldives
depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies;
global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching
Mali
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate
supplies of potable water; poaching
Malta
very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing
reliance on desalination
Man, Isle of
waste disposal (both household and industrial);
transboundary air pollution
Marshall Islands
inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of
Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing
vessels
Martinique
NA
Mauritania
overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated
by drought are contributing to desertification; very limited natural
fresh water resources away from the Senegal, which is the only
perennial river; locust infestation
Mauritius
water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Mayotte
NA
Mexico
scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities; rural to
urban migration; natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted
in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme
southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in
urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification;
deteriorating agricultural lands; serious air and water pollution in
the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border; land
subsidence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater depletion
note: the government considers the lack of clean water and
deforestation national security issues
Micronesia, Federated States of
overfishing, climate change,
pollution
Midway Islands
NA
Moldova
heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned
pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater;
extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
Monaco
NA
Mongolia
limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the
policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and
industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the
burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of
environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar;
deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to
agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain;
desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on
the environment
Montserrat
land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for
cultivation
Morocco
land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting
from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of
vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of
reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters
Mozambique
a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands
have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and
coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences;
desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant
poaching for ivory is a problem
Namibia
very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification;
wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas
Nauru
limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks
collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging
desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90
years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the
central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining
land resources
Navassa Island
NA
Nepal
deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of
alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes,
agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife
conservation; vehicular emissions
Netherlands
water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic
compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air
pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain
Netherlands Antilles
NA
New Caledonia
erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
New Zealand
deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna
hard-hit by species introduced from outside
Nicaragua
deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution
Niger
overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification;
wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and
lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Nigeria
soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water
pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil;
has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land;
rapid urbanization
Niue
increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter
loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture
Norfolk Island
NA
Northern Mariana Islands
contamination of groundwater on Saipan may
contribute to disease; clean-up of landfill; protection of
endangered species conflicts with development
Norway
water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely
affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle
emissions
Oman
rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very
limited natural fresh water resources
Pacific Ocean
endangered marine species include the dugong, sea
lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in
Philippine Sea and South China Sea
Pakistan
water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and
agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a
majority of the population does not have access to potable water;
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
Palau
inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to
the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging, illegal fishing
practices, and overfishing
Palmyra Atoll
NA
Panama
water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery
resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation
and soil erosion threatens siltation of Panama Canal; air pollution
in urban areas; mining threatens natural resources
Papua New Guinea
rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of
growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining
projects; severe drought
Paracel Islands
NA
Paraguay
deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste
disposal present health risks for many urban residents; loss of
wetlands
Peru
deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing
of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion;
desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and
coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Philippines
uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed
areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers;
coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove
swamps that are important fish breeding grounds
Pitcairn Islands
deforestation (only a small portion of the original
forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)
Poland
situation has improved since 1989 due to decline in heavy
industry and increased environmental concern by post-Communist
governments; air pollution nonetheless remains serious because of
sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the
resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from
industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal
of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should continue to decrease as
industrial establishments bring their facilities up to European
Union code, but at substantial cost to business and the government
Portugal
soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and
vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
Puerto Rico
erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages
Qatar
limited natural fresh water resources are increasing
dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Reunion
NA
Romania
soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution
in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta
wetlands
Russia
air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired
electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial,
municipal, and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and
seacoasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from
improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of
sometimes intense radioactive contamination; groundwater
contamination from toxic waste; urban solid waste management;
abandoned stocks of obsolete pesticides
Rwanda
deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for
fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion; widespread poaching
Saint Helena
NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
Saint Lucia
deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the
northern region
Saint Pierre and Miquelon recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas, pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive
Samoa
soil erosion, deforestation, invasive species, overfishing
San Marino
NA
Sao Tome and Principe
deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Saudi Arabia
desertification; depletion of underground water
resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies
has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination
facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills
Senegal
wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Serbia and Montenegro
pollution of coastal waters from sewage
outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air
pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water
pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows
into the Danube
Seychelles
water supply depends on catchments to collect rainwater
Sierra Leone
rapid population growth pressuring the environment;
overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and
slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil
exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing
Singapore
industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water
resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal
problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in
Indonesia
Slovakia
air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human
health risks; acid rain damaging forests
Slovenia
Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste;
pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals;
forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at
metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain
Solomon Islands
deforestation; soil erosion; many of the surrounding
coral reefs are dead or dying
Somalia
famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human
health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion;
desertification
South Africa
lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires
extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water
usage outpacing supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff
and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil
erosion; desertification
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
NA
Southern Ocean
increased solar ultraviolet radiation resulting from
the Antarctic ozone hole in recent years, reducing marine primary
productivity (phytoplankton) by as much as 15% and damaging the DNA
of some fish; illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing in recent
years, especially the landing of an estimated five to six times more
Patagonian toothfish than the regulated fishery, which is likely to
affect the sustainability of the stock; large amount of incidental
mortality of seabirds resulting from long-line fishing for toothfish
note: the now-protected fur seal population is making a strong
comeback after severe overexploitation in the 18th and 19th centuries
Spain
pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and
effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; water quality
and quantity nationwide; air pollution; deforestation;
desertification
Spratly Islands
NA
Sri Lanka
deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations
threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from
mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources
being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste
disposal; air pollution in Colombo
Sudan
inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations
threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification;
periodic drought
Suriname
deforestation as timber is cut for export; pollution of
inland waterways by small-scale mining activities
Svalbard
NA
Swaziland
limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations
being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil
degradation; soil erosion
Sweden
acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North
Sea and the Baltic Sea
Switzerland
air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air
burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of
agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity
Syria
deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification;
water pollution from raw sewage and petroleum refining wastes;
inadequate potable water
Taiwan
air pollution; water pollution from industrial emissions, raw
sewage; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in
endangered species; low-level radioactive waste disposal
Tajikistan
inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of
soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides
Tanzania
soil degradation; deforestation; desertification;
destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent
droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by
illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Thailand
air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from
organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife
populations threatened by illegal hunting
Togo
deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and
the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards
and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban
areas
Tokelau
very limited natural resources and overcrowding are
contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Tonga
deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared
for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from
starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting
threatens native sea turtle populations
Trinidad and Tobago
water pollution from agricultural chemicals,
industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches;
deforestation; soil erosion
Tromelin Island
NA
Tunisia
toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses
health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh
water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion;
desertification
Turkey
water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air
pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for
oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic
Turkmenistan
contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural
chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor
irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large
share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to
that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
Turks and Caicos Islands
limited natural fresh water resources,
private cisterns collect rainwater
Tuvalu
since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not
potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with
storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one
desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion
because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive
clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral
reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is
very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions
and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's
underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to
Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels
should make evacuation necessary
Uganda
draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation;
overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake
Victoria; poaching is widespread
Ukraine
inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water
pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast
from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
United Arab Emirates
lack of natural freshwater resources
compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution
from oil spills
United Kingdom
continues to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (has met
Kyoto Protocol target of a 12.5% reduction from 1990 levels and
intends to meet the legally binding target and move towards a
domestic goal of a 20% cut in emissions by 2010); by 2005 the
government aims to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial
waste disposed of in landfill sites to 85% of 1998 levels and to
recycle or compost at least 25% of household waste, increasing to
33% by 2015; between 1998-99 and 1999-2000, household recycling
increased from 8.8% to 10.3%
United States
air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US
and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide
from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of
pesticides and fertilizers; limited natural fresh water resources in
much of the western part of the country require careful management;
desertification
Uruguay
water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry;
inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
Uzbekistan
shrinkage of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing
concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these
substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and
contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial
wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause
of many human health disorders; increasing soil salination; soil
contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural
chemicals, including DDT
Vanuatu
a majority of the population does not have access to a
potable and reliable supply of water; deforestation
Venezuela
sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban
pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation;
urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean
coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining
operations
Vietnam
logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute
to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and
overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater
contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban
industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading
environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
Virgin Islands
lack of natural freshwater resources
Wake Island
NA
Wallis and Futuna
deforestation (only small portions of the original
forests remain) largely as a result of the continued use of wood as
the main fuel source; as a consequence of cutting down the forests,
the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly prone to erosion;
there are no permanent settlements on Alofi because of the lack of
natural fresh water resources
West Bank
adequacy of fresh water supply; sewage treatment
Western Sahara
sparse water and lack of arable land
World
large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters,
pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of
vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of
wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion
Yemen
very limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate
supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
Zambia
air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral
extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds;
poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and
large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification;
lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Zimbabwe
deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and
water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest
concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly
reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste
and heavy metal pollution
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2033 Environment - international agreements
Afghanistan
party to: Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of
the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Albania
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Algeria
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Andorra
party to: Hazardous Wastes
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Angola
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Antigua and Barbuda
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Argentina
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Armenia
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Australia
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Austria
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Azerbaijan
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bahamas, The
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bahrain
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bangladesh
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Barbados
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Belarus
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Belgium
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Belize
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Benin
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bhutan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Bolivia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
Bosnia and Herzegovina
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Botswana
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Brazil
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Brunei
party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Bulgaria
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Burkina Faso
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Burma
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Burundi
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Cambodia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Cameroon
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Canada
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Marine Life Conservation
Cape Verde
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Central African Republic
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection,
Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Chad
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Chile
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
China
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Colombia
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Comoros
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Congo, Democratic Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Congo, Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Cook Islands
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Costa Rica
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Cote d'Ivoire
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Croatia
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Cuba
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Cyprus
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Czech Republic
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Denmark
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Djibouti
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Dominica
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Dominican Republic
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Egypt
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
El Salvador
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Equatorial Guinea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Eritrea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Estonia
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution,
Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethiopia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
European Union
Hazardous Wastes, Biodiversity, Air Pollution,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Tropical Timber 82, Tropical
Timber 94, Ozone Layer Protection, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Law of the Sea, Desertification, Climate
Change; has signed, but not yet ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Fiji
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea,
Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber
83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Finland
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
France
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Gabon
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Gambia, The
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Georgia
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Germany
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Ghana
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Greece
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds
Grenada
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guatemala
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guinea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guinea-Bissau
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Guyana
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber
83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Haiti
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes
Holy See (Vatican City)
party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification
Honduras
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Hong Kong
party to: Marine Dumping (associate member)
Hungary
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Iceland
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
India
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Indonesia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life
Conservation
Iran
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the
Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Iraq
party to: Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ireland
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,
Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation
Israel
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life
Conservation
Italy
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Jamaica
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Japan
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
Jordan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Kazakhstan
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Kenya
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Kiribati
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Korea, North
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Korea, South
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Kuwait
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Kyrgyzstan
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes,
Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Laos
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Latvia
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Lebanon
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life
Conservation
Lesotho
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Liberia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change, Environmental
Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Libya
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Liechtenstein
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Lithuania
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Luxembourg
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur
85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Macedonia
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Madagascar
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Malawi
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Malaysia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands
Maldives
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mali
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Malta
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Marshall Islands
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mauritania
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mauritius
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mexico
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Micronesia, Federated States of
party to: Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous
Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Moldova
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Monaco
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Mongolia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Morocco
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
Mozambique
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Namibia
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Nauru
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Nepal
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Netherlands
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur
85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living
Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of
the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
New Zealand
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation
Nicaragua
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Niger
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the
Sea
Nigeria
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Niue
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Norway
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,
Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,
Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Oman
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Pakistan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Palau
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Panama
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Papua New Guinea
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Paraguay
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Peru
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Philippines
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Poland
party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94
Portugal
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental
Modification
Qatar
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Romania
party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Russia
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol
Rwanda
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Saint Kitts and Nevis
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saint Lucia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
party to: Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Samoa
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
San Marino
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Sao Tome and Principe
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saudi Arabia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Senegal
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
Serbia and Montenegro
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Seychelles
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Sierra Leone
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Singapore
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Slovakia
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile
Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Slovenia
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94,
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Solomon Islands
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Somalia
party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection
South Africa
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Southern Ocean
the Southern Ocean is subject to all international
agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject
to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International
Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees
south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees
west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits
sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources (regulates fishing)
note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource
exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front
(Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very
cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the
north
Spain
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Sri Lanka
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Sudan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Suriname
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Swaziland
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Sweden
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,
Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Switzerland
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur
85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine
Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Syria
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Taiwan
party to: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's
international status
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements because of
Taiwan's international status
Tajikistan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tanzania
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Thailand
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Togo
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship
Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tonga
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Trinidad and Tobago
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical
Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tunisia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,
Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Turkey
party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Turkmenistan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone
Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tuvalu
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Uganda
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ukraine
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds
United Arab Emirates
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
United Kingdom
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living
Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate
Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,
Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
United States
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen
Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living
Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,
Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic
Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
Uruguay
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
Uzbekistan
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Vanuatu
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity,
Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Venezuela
party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
Vietnam
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Western Sahara
party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Yemen
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Zambia
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Zimbabwe
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2034 Military expenditures - percent of GDP (%)
Afghanistan
1% (2003)
Albania
1.49% (FY02)
Algeria
3.5% (2003)
Angola
1.9% (2003)
Antigua and Barbuda
NA
Argentina
1.3% (FY00)
Armenia
6.5% (FY01)
Australia
2.8% (2003)
Austria
0.85% (June 2004)
Azerbaijan
2.6% (FY99)
Bahamas, The
NA
Bahrain
7.5% (2003)
Bangladesh
1.2% (2003)
Barbados
NA
Belarus
1.4% (FY02)
Belgium
1.3% (2003)
Belize
2% (2003)
Benin
2.7% (2003)
Bermuda
0.11% (FY00/01)
Bhutan
1.9% (2003)
Bolivia
1.6% (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
4.5% (FY02)
Botswana
3.6% (2003)
Brazil
2.1% (2003)
Brunei
5.9% (2003)
Bulgaria
2.6% (2003)
Burkina Faso
1.6% (2003)
Burma
2.1% (FY97)
Burundi
6% (2003)
Cambodia
3% (FY01 est.)
Cameroon
1.4% (2003)
Canada
1.1% (2003)
Cape Verde
1.5% (2003)
Central African Republic
1.1% (2003)
Chad
2.1% (2003)
Chile
4% (2003)
China
3.5-5.0% (FY03 est.)
Colombia
3.4% (FY01)
Comoros
3% (2003)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
1.4% (2003)
Congo, Republic of the
2.8% (2003)
Costa Rica
0.4% (2003)
Cote d'Ivoire
1.2% (2003)
Croatia
2.39% (2002 est.)
Cuba
1.8% (2003)
Cyprus
3.8% (FY02)
Czech Republic
2.1% (FY01)
Denmark
1.6% (2003)
Djibouti
4.4% (2003)
Dominica
NA
Dominican Republic
1.1% (1998)
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
2.4% (2003)
Egypt
3.6% (2003)
El Salvador
1.1% (2003)
Equatorial Guinea
2.5% (2003)
Eritrea
11.8% (2003)
Estonia
2% (2002 est.)
Ethiopia
5.2% (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA
Faroe Islands
NA
Fiji
2.2% (FY02)
Finland
2% (FY98/99)
France
2.6% (2003)
French Guiana
NA
Gabon
2% (2003)
Gambia, The
0.3% (2003)
Gaza Strip
NA
Georgia
0.59% (FY00)
Germany
1.5% (2003)
Ghana
0.6% (2003)
Greece
4.3% (2003)
Grenada
NA
Guatemala
0.8% (2003)
Guinea
1.7% (2003)
Guinea-Bissau
2.8% (2003)
Guyana
0.8% (2003)
Haiti
0.9% (2003)
Honduras
1.5% (2003)
Hong Kong
NA (FY02)
Hungary
1.75% (2002 est.)
India
2.4% (2003)
Indonesia
1.3% (FY98)
Iran
3.3% (2003 est.)
Iraq
NA
Ireland
0.9% (FY00/01)
Israel
8.7% (FY02)
Italy
1.9% (2003)
Jamaica
0.4% (2003)
Japan
1% (2003)
Jordan
20.2% (2003)
Kazakhstan
0.9% (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)
Kenya
1.8% (2003)
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
22.9% (2003)
Korea, South
2.7% (FY03)
Kuwait
5.8% (2003)
Kyrgyzstan
1.4% (FY01)
Laos
0.5% (2003)
Latvia
1.2% (FY01)
Lebanon
4.8% (FY99)
Lesotho
2.6% (2003)
Liberia
1.3% (2003)
Libya
3.9% (FY99)
Lithuania
1.9% (FY01)
Luxembourg
0.9% (2003)
Macedonia
6% (FY01/02 est.)
Madagascar
1.2% (2003)
Malawi
0.7% (2003)
Malaysia
2.03% (FY00)
Maldives
8.6% (2003)
Mali
1.3% (2003)
Malta
0.7% (2003)
Marshall Islands
NA
Mauritania
3.7% (2003)
Mauritius
0.2% (2003)
Mexico
0.9% (2003)
Moldova
0.4% (FY02)
Mongolia
2.2% (FY02)
Morocco
4.8% (2003)
Mozambique
2.2% (2003)
Namibia
2.5% (2003)
Nauru
NA
Nepal
1.6% (2003)
Netherlands
1.6% (2003)
New Caledonia
NA
New Zealand
1% (FY02)
Nicaragua
1.2% (2003)
Niger
1.1% (2003)
Nigeria
0.9% (2003)
Norway
1.9% (2003)
Oman
11.4% (2003)
Pakistan
3.9% (FY02/03)
Palau
NA
Panama
1.2% (2003)
Papua New Guinea
1.4% (FY02)
Paraguay
0.9% (2003)
Peru
1.3% (2003)
Philippines
1.5% (FY98)
Poland
1.71% (2002)
Portugal
2.3% (2003)
Qatar
10% (FY00)
Romania
2.47% (2002)
Russia
NA
Rwanda
2.9% (2003)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
Saint Lucia
NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
NA
Samoa
NA
San Marino
NA
Sao Tome and Principe
0.8% (2003)
Saudi Arabia
10% (2002)
Senegal
1.5% (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro
NA
Seychelles
1.8% (2003)
Sierra Leone
1.5% (2003)
Singapore
4.9% (FY01)
Slovakia
1.89% (2002)
Slovenia
1.7% (FY00)
Solomon Islands
NA
Somalia
0.9% (2003)
South Africa
1.7% (2003)
Spain
1.2% (2003)
Sri Lanka
3.2% (2003)
Sudan
2.5% (1999)
Suriname
0.7% (2003)
Swaziland
1.8% (2003)
Sweden
2.1% (FY01)
Switzerland
1% (FY01)
Syria
5.9% (FY00)
Taiwan
2.7% (2003)
Tajikistan
3.9% (FY01)
Tanzania
0.2% (2003)
Thailand
1.8% (2003)
Togo
1.9% (2003)
Tonga
NA
Trinidad and Tobago
0.6% (2003)
Tunisia
1.5% (FY99)
Turkey
5.3% (2003)
Turkmenistan
3.4% (FY99)
Tuvalu
NA
Uganda
2.1% (2003)
Ukraine
1.4% (FY02)
United Arab Emirates
3.1% (FY00)
United Kingdom
2.4% (2003)
United States
3.3% (FY03 est.) (February 2004)
Uruguay
2% (2003)
Uzbekistan
2% (FY97)
Vanuatu
NA
Venezuela
1.3% (2003)
Vietnam
2.5% (FY98)
West Bank
NA
Western Sahara
NA
World
roughly 2% of gross world product (1999 est.)
Yemen
7.9% (2003)
Zambia
0.9% (2003)
Zimbabwe
1.7% (2003)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2038 Electricity - production (kWh)
Afghanistan
334.8 million kWh (2001)
Albania
5.289 billion kWh (2001)
Algeria
24.69 billion kWh (2001)
American Samoa
130 million kWh (2001)
Andorra
NA kWh
Angola
1.45 billion kWh (2001)
Anguilla
NA
Antigua and Barbuda
105.3 million kWh (2001)
Argentina
97.17 billion kWh (2001)
Armenia
6.479 billion kWh (2001)
Aruba
531.9 million kWh (2001)
Australia
198.2 billion kWh (2001)
Austria
58.75 billion kWh (2001)
Azerbaijan
18.23 billion kWh (2001)
Bahamas, The
1.56 billion kWh (2001)
Bahrain
6.257 billion kWh (2001)
Bangladesh
15.33 billion kWh (2001)
Barbados
780 million kWh (2001)
Belarus
24.4 billion kWh (2001)
Belgium
74.28 billion kWh (2001)
Belize
199.5 million kWh (2001)
Benin
274.3 million kWh (2001)
Bermuda
643.7 million kWh (2001)
Bhutan
1.896 billion kWh (2001)
Bolivia
3.901 billion kWh (2001)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
9.979 billion kWh (2001)
Botswana
409.8 million kWh (2001)
Brazil
321.2 billion kWh (2001)
British Indian Ocean Territory
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied
by the US military
British Virgin Islands
38.1 million kWh (2001)
Brunei
2.497 billion kWh (2001)
Bulgaria
41.38 billion kWh (2001)
Burkina Faso
279.2 million kWh (2001)
Burma
6.139 billion kWh (2001)
Burundi
155.4 million kWh (2001)
Cambodia
119 million kWh (2001)
Cameroon
3.613 billion kWh (2001)
Canada
566.3 billion kWh (2001)
Cape Verde
42.03 million kWh (2001)
Cayman Islands
381.9 million kWh (2001)
Central African Republic
106 million kWh (2001)
Chad
94.04 million kWh (2001)
Chile
41.66 billion kWh (2001)
China
1.42 trillion kWh (2001)
Christmas Island
NA kWh
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA kWh
Colombia
42.99 billion kWh (2001)
Comoros
21.27 million kWh (2001)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
5.243 billion kWh (2001)
Congo, Republic of the
358.1 million kWh (2001)
Cook Islands
27.43 million kWh (2001)
Costa Rica
6.839 billion kWh (2001)
Cote d'Ivoire
4.605 billion kWh (2001)
Croatia
12.12 billion kWh (2001)
Cuba
14.38 billion kWh (2001)
Cyprus
3.401 billion kWh; north Cyprus: NA kWh (2001)
Czech Republic
70.04 billion kWh (2001)
Denmark
35.47 billion kWh (2001)
Djibouti
180 million kWh (2001)
Dominica
72.41 million kWh (2001)
Dominican Republic
9.186 billion kWh (2001)
East Timor
NA kWh (2001)
Ecuador
75.23 billion kWh (2001)
Egypt
75.23 billion kWh (2001)
El Salvador
3.729 billion kWh (2001)
Equatorial Guinea
23.56 million kWh (2001)
Eritrea
220.5 million kWh (2001)
Estonia
7.937 billion kWh (2001)
Ethiopia
1.713 billion kWh (2001)
European Union
2.822 trillion kWh (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
16.33 million kWh (2001)
Faroe Islands
160.4 million kWh (2001)
Fiji
520.1 million kWh (2001)
Finland
71.2 billion kWh (2001)
France
520.1 billion kWh (2001)
French Guiana
455 million kWh (2001)
French Polynesia
428.3 million kWh (2001)
Gabon
798.4 million kWh (2001)
Gambia, The
85.33 million kWh (2001)
Gaza Strip
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel
Georgia
7.27 billion kWh (2001)
Germany
544.8 billion kWh (2001)
Ghana
8.801 billion kWh (2001)
Gibraltar
100 million kWh (2001)
Greece
49.79 billion kWh (2001)
Greenland
245 million kWh (2001)
Grenada
138 million kWh (2001)
Guadeloupe
1.155 billion kWh (2001)
Guam
830 million kWh (2001)
Guatemala
6.237 billion kWh (2001)
Guernsey
NA kWh
Guinea
790.6 million kWh (2001)
Guinea-Bissau
55 million kWh (2001)
Guyana
852 million kWh (2001)
Haiti
580 million kWh (2001)
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA kWh
Honduras
3.778 billion kWh (2001)
Hong Kong
30.48 billion kWh (2001)
Hungary
34.39 billion kWh (2001)
Iceland
7.894 billion kWh (2001)
India
533.3 billion kWh (2001)
Indonesia
95.78 billion kWh (2001)
Iran
124.6 billion kWh (2001)
Iraq
36.01 billion kWh (2001)
Ireland
23.53 billion kWh (2001)
Israel
42.24 billion kWh (2001)
Italy
258.8 billion kWh (2001)
Jamaica
6.272 billion kWh (2001)
Japan
1.037 trillion kWh (2001)
Jordan
7.091 billion kWh (2001)
Kazakhstan
52.43 billion kWh (2001)
Kenya
4.033 billion kWh (2001)
Kiribati
7 million kWh (2001)
Korea, North
30.01 billion kWh (2001)
Korea, South
290.7 billion kWh (2001)
Kuwait
31.49 billion kWh (2001)
Kyrgyzstan
13.45 billion kWh (2001)
Laos
1.317 billion kWh (2001)
Latvia
4.365 billion kWh (2001)
Lebanon
6.728 billion kWh (2001)
Lesotho
0 kWh NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa
(2001)
Liberia
468.8 million kWh (2001)
Libya
20.18 billion kWh (2001)
Lithuania
14.62 billion kWh (2001)
Luxembourg
457 million kWh (2001)
Macau
1.611 billion kWh (2002)
Macedonia
6.465 billion kWh (2001)
Madagascar
830.2 million kWh (2001)
Malawi
769.2 million kWh (2001)
Malaysia
75.33 billion kWh (2002)
Maldives
117 million kWh (2001)
Mali
480.2 million kWh (2001)
Malta
1.768 billion kWh (2001)
Martinique
1.151 billion kWh (2001)
Mauritania
157.4 million kWh (2001)
Mauritius
1.311 billion kWh (2001)
Mayotte
NA kWh
Mexico
198.6 billion kWh (2001)
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA kWh
Moldova
3.394 billion kWh (2001)
Mongolia
2.225 billion kWh (2001)
Montserrat
2.5 million kWh (2001)
Morocco
13.35 billion kWh (2001)
Mozambique
7.193 billion kWh (2001)
Namibia
26.95 million kWh (2001)
Nauru
30 million kWh (2001)
Nepal
1.755 billion kWh (2001)
Netherlands
88.32 billion kWh (2001)
Netherlands Antilles
1.061 billion kWh (2001)
New Caledonia
1.613 billion kWh (2001)
New Zealand
37.51 billion kWh (2001)
Nicaragua
2.549 billion kWh (2001)
Niger
242 million kWh (2001)
Nigeria
15.67 billion kWh (2001)
Niue
3 million kWh (2001)
Norfolk Island
NA kWh
Northern Mariana Islands
NA kWh
Norway
120.1 billion kWh (2001)
Oman
9.274 billion kWh (2001)
Pakistan
66.96 billion kWh (2001)
Panama
4.039 billion kWh (2001)
Papua New Guinea
1.496 billion kWh (2001)
Paraguay
44.89 billion kWh (2001)
Peru
20.59 billion kWh (2001)
Philippines
45.21 billion kWh (2001)
Pitcairn Islands
NA kWh; note - electric power is provided by a
small diesel-powered generator
Poland
135 billion kWh (2001)
Portugal
44.32 billion kWh (2001)
Puerto Rico
20.9 billion kWh (2001)
Qatar
9.264 billion kWh (2001)
Reunion
1.08 billion kWh (2001)
Romania
50.86 billion kWh (2001)
Russia
915 billion kWh (2003)
Rwanda
96.78 million kWh (2001)
Saint Helena
5 million kWh (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
100.3 million kWh (2001)
Saint Lucia
120.2 million kWh (2001)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
42.03 million kWh (2001)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
92.48 million kWh (2001)
Samoa
105.1 million kWh (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe
17 million kWh (2001)
Saudi Arabia
122.4 billion kWh (2001)
Senegal
1.518 billion kWh (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro
31.71 billion kWh (2001)
Seychelles
160 million kWh (2001)
Sierra Leone
250.1 million kWh (2001)
Singapore
30.48 billion kWh (2001)
Slovakia
30.29 billion kWh (2001)
Slovenia
13.69 billion kWh (2001)
Solomon Islands
32 million kWh (2001)
Somalia
245.1 million kWh (2001)
South Africa
195.6 billion kWh (2001)
Spain
222.5 billion kWh (2001)
Sri Lanka
6.36 billion kWh (2001)
Sudan
2.389 billion kWh (2001)
Suriname
1.959 billion kWh (2001)
Svalbard
NA kWh
Swaziland
348.3 million kWh (2001)
Sweden
152.9 billion kWh (2001)
Switzerland
68.68 billion kWh (2001)
Syria
23.26 billion kWh (2001)
Taiwan
151.1 billion kWh (2001)
Tajikistan
14.18 billion kWh (2001)
Tanzania
2.906 billion kWh (2001)
Thailand
97.6 billion kWh (2001)
Togo
101.6 million kWh (2001)
Tokelau
NA kWh
Tonga
27.27 million kWh (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago
5.315 billion kWh (2001)
Tunisia
10.48 billion kWh (2001)
Turkey
116.6 billion kWh (2001)
Turkmenistan
10.18 billion kWh (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands
5 million kWh (2001)
Uganda
1.928 billion kWh (2001)
Ukraine
164.7 billion kWh (2001)
United Arab Emirates
37.74 billion kWh (2001)
United Kingdom
360.9 billion kWh (2001)
United States
3.719 trillion kWh (2001)
Uruguay
7.963 billion kWh (2001)
Uzbekistan
44.49 billion kWh (2001)
Vanuatu
43.46 million kWh (2001)
Venezuela
87.6 billion kWh (2001)
Vietnam
29.8 billion kWh (2001)
Virgin Islands
1.03 billion kWh (2001)
Wake Island
NA
Wallis and Futuna
NA kWh
West Bank
NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East
Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to
Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank;
the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most
Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian
municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own
electricity from small power plants
Western Sahara
90 million kWh (2001)
World
14.93 trillion kWh (2001 est.)
Yemen
3.01 billion kWh (2001)
Zambia
7.751 billion kWh (2001)
Zimbabwe
6.735 billion kWh (2001)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2042 Electricity - consumption (kWh)
Afghanistan
511.4 million kWh (2001)
Albania
5.898 billion kWh (2001)
Algeria
22.9 billion kWh (2001)
American Samoa
120.9 million kWh (2001)
Andorra
NA kWh
Angola
1.348 billion kWh (2001)
Anguilla
42.6 million kWh
Antigua and Barbuda
97.89 million kWh (2001)
Argentina
92.12 billion kWh (2001)
Armenia
5.784 billion kWh (2001)
Aruba
494.7 million kWh (2001)
Australia
184.4 billion kWh (2001)
Austria
54.85 billion kWh (2001)
Azerbaijan
16.65 billion kWh (2001)
Bahamas, The
1.451 billion kWh (2001)
Bahrain
5.819 billion kWh (2001)
Bangladesh
14.25 billion kWh (2001)
Barbados
725.4 million kWh (2001)
Belarus
26.69 billion kWh (2001)
Belgium
78.18 billion kWh (2001)
Belize
185.5 million kWh (2001)
Benin
631.1 million kWh (2001)
Bermuda
598.6 million kWh (2001)
Bhutan
379.5 million kWh (2001)
Bolivia
3.634 billion kWh (2001)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
8.116 billion kWh (2001)
Botswana
1.564 billion kWh (2001)
Brazil
335.9 billion kWh (2001)
British Indian Ocean Territory
NA kWh
British Virgin Islands
35.43 million kWh (2001)
Brunei
2.322 billion kWh (2001)
Bulgaria
32.52 billion kWh (2001)
Burkina Faso
259.6 million kWh (2001)
Burma
5.709 billion kWh (2001)
Burundi
177.5 million kWh (2001)
Cambodia
110.6 million kWh (2001)
Cameroon
3.36 billion kWh (2001)
Canada
504.4 billion kWh (2001)
Cape Verde
39.08 million kWh (2001)
Cayman Islands
355.2 million kWh (2001)
Central African Republic
98.63 million kWh (2001)
Chad
87.46 million kWh (2001)
Chile
40.13 billion kWh (2001)
China
1.312 trillion kWh (2001)
Christmas Island
NA kWh
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA kWh
Colombia
39.81 billion kWh (2001)
Comoros
19.78 million kWh (2001)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
3.839 billion kWh (2001)
Congo, Republic of the
633 million kWh (2001)
Cook Islands
25.51 million kWh (2001)
Costa Rica
6.109 billion kWh (2001)
Cote d'Ivoire
2.983 billion kWh (2001)
Croatia
14.27 billion kWh (2001)
Cuba
13.38 billion kWh (2001)
Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 3.163 billion kWh; north Cyprus: NA kWh
(2001)
Czech Republic
55.6 billion kWh (2001)
Denmark
32.41 billion kWh (2001)
Djibouti
167.4 million kWh (2001)
Dominica
67.35 million kWh (2001)
Dominican Republic
8.543 billion kWh (2001)
East Timor
NA kWh (2001)
Ecuador
69.96 billion kWh (2001)
Egypt
69.96 billion kWh (2001)
El Salvador
3.777 billion kWh (2001)
Equatorial Guinea
21.91 million kWh (2001)
Eritrea
205.1 million kWh (2001)
Estonia
6.192 billion kWh (2001)
Ethiopia
1.594 billion kWh (2001)
European Union
2.635 trillion kWh (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
15.19 million kWh (2001)
Faroe Islands
149.1 million kWh (2001)
Fiji
483.7 million kWh (2001)
Finland
76.18 billion kWh (2001)
France
415.3 billion kWh (2001)
French Guiana
423.2 million kWh (2001)
French Polynesia
398.3 million kWh (2001)
Gabon
742.5 million kWh (2001)
Gambia, The
79.36 million kWh (2001)
Gaza Strip
NA kWh
Georgia
7.611 billion kWh (2001)
Germany
506.8 billion kWh (2001)
Ghana
8.835 billion kWh (2001)
Gibraltar
93 million kWh (2001)
Greece
48.8 billion kWh (2001)
Greenland
227.9 million kWh (2001)
Grenada
128.3 million kWh (2001)
Guadeloupe
1.074 billion kWh (2001)
Guam
771.9 million kWh (2001)
Guatemala
5.559 billion kWh (2001)
Guernsey
NA kWh
Guinea
735.2 million kWh (2001)
Guinea-Bissau
51.15 million kWh (2001)
Guyana
792.4 million kWh (2001)
Haiti
539.4 million kWh (2001)
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA kWh
Honduras
3.822 billion kWh (2001)
Hong Kong
37.12 billion kWh (2001)
Hungary
35.15 billion kWh (2001)
Iceland
7.341 billion kWh (2001)
India
497.2 billion kWh (2001)
Indonesia
89.08 billion kWh (2001)
Iran
115.9 billion kWh (2001)
Iraq
33.49 billion kWh (2001)
Ireland
21.63 billion kWh (2001)
Israel
37.82 billion kWh (2001)
Italy
289.1 billion kWh (2001)
Jamaica
5.833 billion kWh (2001)
Japan
964.2 billion kWh (2001)
Jordan
6.86 billion kWh (2001)
Kazakhstan
48.36 billion kWh (2001)
Kenya
3.981 billion kWh (2001)
Kiribati
6.51 million kWh (2001)
Korea, North
27.91 billion kWh (2001)
Korea, South
270.3 billion kWh (2001)
Kuwait
29.29 billion kWh (2001)
Kyrgyzstan
10.46 billion kWh (2001)
Laos
824.7 million kWh (2001)
Latvia
6.046 billion kWh (2001)
Lebanon
7.44 billion kWh (2001)
Lesotho
40 million kWh (2001)
Liberia
435.9 million kWh (2001)
Libya
18.77 billion kWh (2001)
Lithuania
8.683 billion kWh (2001)
Luxembourg
6.07 billion kWh (2001)
Macau
1.688 billion kWh (2002)
Macedonia
6.112 billion kWh (2001)
Madagascar
772.1 million kWh (2001)
Malawi
715.3 million kWh (2001)
Malaysia
68.4 billion kWh (2002)
Maldives
108.8 million kWh (2001)
Mali
446.6 million kWh (2001)
Malta
1.644 billion kWh (2001)
Martinique
1.07 billion kWh (2001)
Mauritania
146.3 million kWh (2001)
Mauritius
1.219 billion kWh (2001)
Mayotte
NA kWh
Mexico
186.7 billion kWh (2001)
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA kWh
Moldova
3.216 billion kWh (2001)
Monaco
NA kWh
Mongolia
2.194 billion kWh (2001)
Montserrat
2.325 million kWh (2001)
Morocco
14.61 billion kWh (2001)
Mozambique
1.39 billion kWh (2001)
Namibia
603.1 million kWh (2001)
Nauru
27.9 million kWh (2001)
Nepal
1.764 billion kWh (2001)
Netherlands
99.42 billion kWh (2001)
Netherlands Antilles
986.8 million kWh (2001)
New Caledonia
1.5 billion kWh (2001)
New Zealand
34.88 billion kWh (2001)
Nicaragua
2.388 billion kWh (2001)
Niger
325.1 million kWh (2001)
Nigeria
14.55 billion kWh (2001)
Niue
2.79 million kWh (2001)
Norfolk Island
NA kWh
Northern Mariana Islands
NA kWh
Norway
115.3 billion kWh (2001)
Oman
8.625 billion kWh (2001)
Pakistan
62.27 billion kWh (2001)
Panama
3.681 billion kWh (2001)
Papua New Guinea
1.391 billion kWh (2001)
Paraguay
2.637 billion kWh (2001)
Peru
19.15 billion kWh (2001)
Philippines
42.04 billion kWh (2001)
Pitcairn Islands
NA kWh
Poland
118.8 billion kWh (2001)
Portugal
41.48 billion kWh (2001)
Puerto Rico
19.44 billion kWh (2001)
Qatar
8.616 billion kWh (2001)
Reunion
1.005 billion kWh (2001)
Romania
46.1 billion kWh (2001)
Russia
773 billion kWh (2001)
Rwanda
140 million kWh (2001)
Saint Helena
4.65 million kWh (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
93.26 million kWh (2001)
Saint Lucia
111.8 million kWh (2001)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
39.08 million kWh (2001)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
86 million kWh (2001)
Samoa
97.74 million kWh (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe
15.81 million kWh (2001)
Saudi Arabia
113.8 billion kWh (2001)
Senegal
1.412 billion kWh (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro
32.37 billion kWh (2001)
Seychelles
148.8 million kWh (2001)
Sierra Leone
232.6 million kWh (2001)
Singapore
28.35 billion kWh (2001)
Slovakia
24.41 billion kWh (2001)
Slovenia
13.83 billion kWh (2001)
Solomon Islands
29.76 million kWh (2001)
Somalia
227.9 million kWh (2001)
South Africa
181.2 billion kWh (2001)
Spain
210.4 billion kWh (2001)
Sri Lanka
5.915 billion kWh (2001)
Sudan
2.222 billion kWh (2001)
Suriname
1.822 billion kWh (2001)
Svalbard
NA kWh
Swaziland
962.9 million kWh (2001)
Sweden
134.9 billion kWh (2001)
Switzerland
53.43 billion kWh (2001)
Syria
21.63 billion kWh (2001)
Taiwan
140.5 billion kWh (2001)
Tajikistan
14.52 billion kWh (2001)
Tanzania
2.752 billion kWh (2001)
Thailand
90.91 billion kWh (2001)
Togo
614.5 million kWh (2001)
Tokelau
NA kWh
Tonga
25.36 million kWh (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago
4.943 billion kWh (2001)
Tunisia
9.748 billion kWh (2001)
Turkey
112.6 billion kWh (2001)
Turkmenistan
8.509 billion kWh (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands
4.65 million kWh (2001)
Uganda
1.62 billion kWh (2001)
Ukraine
152.4 billion kWh (2001)
United Arab Emirates
35.1 billion kWh (2001)
United Kingdom
346.1 billion kWh (2001)
United States
3.602 trillion kWh (2001)
Uruguay
6.152 billion kWh (2001)
Uzbekistan
47.07 billion kWh (2001)
Vanuatu
40.42 million kWh (2001)
Venezuela
81.47 billion kWh (2001)
Vietnam
27.71 billion kWh (2001)
Virgin Islands
957.9 million kWh (2001)
Wallis and Futuna
NA kWh
West Bank
NA kWh
Western Sahara
83.7 million kWh (2001)
World
13.94 trillion kWh (2001 est.)
Yemen
2.8 billion kWh (2001)
Zambia
5.458 billion kWh (2001)
Zimbabwe
9.813 billion kWh (2001)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2043 Electricity - imports (kWh)
Afghanistan
200 million kWh (2001)
Albania
1.2 billion kWh (2001)
Algeria
275 million kWh (2001)
American Samoa
0 kWh (2001)
Andorra
NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and
France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Angola
0 kWh (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda
0 kWh (2001)
Argentina
7.417 billion kWh (2001)
Armenia
463 million kWh; note - imports an unknown quantity from
Iran (2001)
Aruba
0 kWh (2001)
Australia
0 kWh (2001)
Austria
14.47 billion kWh (2001)
Azerbaijan
400 million kWh (2001)
Bahamas, The
0 kWh (2001)
Bahrain
0 kWh (2001)
Bangladesh
0 kWh (2001)
Barbados
0 kWh (2001)
Belarus
4.3 billion kWh (2001)
Belgium
15.82 billion kWh (2001)
Belize
0 kWh (2001)
Benin
376 million kWh (2001)
Bermuda
0 kWh (2001)
Bhutan
16 million kWh (2001)
Bolivia
9 million kWh (2001)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.405 billion kWh (2001)
Botswana
1.183 billion kWh (2001)
Brazil
37.19 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2001)
British Virgin Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Brunei
0 kWh (2001)
Bulgaria
830 million kWh (2001)
Burkina Faso
0 kWh (2001)
Burma
0 kWh (2001)
Burundi
33 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic
of the Congo (2001)
Cambodia
0 kWh (2001)
Cameroon
0 kWh (2001)
Canada
16.11 billion kWh (2001)
Cape Verde
0 kWh (2001)
Cayman Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Central African Republic
0 kWh (2001)
Chad
0 kWh (2001)
Chile
1.386 billion kWh (2001)
China
1.8 billion kWh (2001)
Colombia
40 million kWh (2001)
Comoros
0 kWh (2001)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
60 million kWh (2001)
Congo, Republic of the
300 million kWh (2001)
Cook Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Costa Rica
128 million kWh (2001)
Cote d'Ivoire
0 kWh (2001)
Croatia
3.386 billion kWh (2001)
Cuba
0 kWh (2001)
Cyprus
0 kWh (2001)
Czech Republic
9.38 billion kWh (2001)
Denmark
8.199 billion kWh (2001)
Djibouti
0 kWh (2001)
Dominica
0 kWh (2001)
Dominican Republic
0 kWh (2001)
East Timor
0 kWh (2001)
Ecuador
0 kWh (2001)
Egypt
0 kWh (2001)
El Salvador
353 million kWh (2001)
Equatorial Guinea
0 kWh (2001)
Eritrea
0 kWh NA kWh (2001)
Estonia
0 kWh (2001)
Ethiopia
0 kWh (2001)
European Union
245.7 billion kWh (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
0 kWh (2001)
Faroe Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Fiji
0 kWh (2001)
Finland
11.77 billion kWh (2001)
France
4.2 billion kWh (2001)
French Guiana
0 kWh (2001)
French Polynesia
0 kWh (2001)
Gabon
0 kWh (2001)
Gambia, The
0 kWh (2001)
Gaza Strip
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel (2001)
Georgia
850 million kWh (2001)
Germany
44 billion kWh (2001)
Ghana
950 million kWh (2001)
Gibraltar
0 kWh (2001)
Greece
3.562 billion kWh (2001)
Greenland
0 kWh (2001)
Grenada
0 kWh (2001)
Guadeloupe
0 kWh (2001)
Guam
0 kWh (2001)
Guatemala
95 million kWh (2001)
Guernsey
0 kWh (2002)
Guinea
0 kWh (2001)
Guinea-Bissau
0 kWh (2001)
Guyana
0 kWh (2001)
Haiti
0 kWh (2001)
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy
Honduras
308 million kWh (2001)
Hong Kong
10.36 billion kWh (2001)
Hungary
10.43 billion kWh (2001)
Iceland
0 kWh (2001)
India
1.54 billion kWh (2001)
Indonesia
0 kWh (2001)
Iran
0 kWh (2001)
Iraq
0 kWh (2001)
Ireland
38 million kWh (2001)
Israel
0 kWh (2001)
Italy
48.93 billion kWh (2001)
Jamaica
0 kWh (2001)
Japan
0 kWh (2001)
Jersey
NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
Jordan
267 million kWh (2001)
Kazakhstan
3.2 billion kWh (2001)
Kenya
230 million kWh (2001)
Kiribati
0 kWh (2001)
Korea, North
0 kWh (2001)
Korea, South
0 kWh (2001)
Kuwait
0 kWh (2001)
Kyrgyzstan
200 million kWh (2001)
Laos
0 kWh (2001)
Latvia
2.69 billion kWh (2001)
Lebanon
1.183 billion kWh (2001)
Lesotho
40 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa
(2001)
Liberia
0 kWh (2001)
Libya
0 kWh (2001)
Lithuania
1.389 billion kWh (2001)
Luxembourg
6.389 billion kWh (2001)
Macau
193 million kWh (2002)
Macedonia
100 million kWh (2001)
Madagascar
0 kWh (2001)
Malawi
0 kWh (2001)
Malaysia
0 kWh (2002)
Maldives
0 kWh (2001)
Mali
0 kWh (2001)
Malta
0 kWh (2001)
Martinique
0 kWh (2001)
Mauritania
0 kWh (2001)
Mauritius
0 kWh (2001)
Mexico
2.068 billion kWh (2001)
Moldova
60 million kWh (2001)
Monaco
NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France
Mongolia
196 million kWh (2001)
Montserrat
0 kWh (2001)
Morocco
2.2 billion kWh (2001)
Mozambique
500 million kWh (2001)
Namibia
578 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa
(2001)
Nauru
0 kWh (2001)
Nepal
227 million kWh (2001)
Netherlands
21.49 billion kWh (2001)
Netherlands Antilles
0 kWh (2001)
New Caledonia
0 kWh (2001)
New Zealand
0 kWh (2001)
Nicaragua
17 million kWh (2001)
Niger
100 million kWh (2001)
Nigeria
0 kWh (2001)
Niue
0 kWh (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands
0 kWh
Norway
10.76 billion kWh (2001)
Oman
0 kWh (2001)
Pakistan
0 kWh (2001)
Panama
43 million kWh (2001)
Papua New Guinea
0 kWh (2001)
Paraguay
0 kWh (2001)
Peru
0 kWh (2001)
Philippines
0 kWh (2001)
Poland
4.306 billion kWh (2001)
Portugal
3.743 billion kWh (2001)
Puerto Rico
0 kWh (2001)
Qatar
0 kWh (2001)
Reunion
0 kWh (2001)
Romania
400 million kWh (2001)
Russia
7 billion kWh (2001)
Rwanda
50 million kWh (2001)
Saint Helena
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Lucia
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 kWh (2001)
Samoa
0 kWh (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe
0 kWh (2001)
Saudi Arabia
0 kWh (2001)
Senegal
0 kWh (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro
3.33 billion kWh (2001)
Seychelles
0 kWh (2001)
Sierra Leone
0 kWh (2001)
Singapore
0 kWh (2001)
Slovakia
1.381 billion kWh (2001)
Slovenia
4.1 billion kWh (2001)
Solomon Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Somalia
0 kWh (2001)
South Africa
6.2 billion kWh (2001)
Spain
7.588 billion kWh (2001)
Sri Lanka
0 kWh (2001)
Sudan
0 kWh (2001)
Suriname
0 kWh (2001)
Swaziland
639 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South
Africa (2001)
Sweden
11.14 billion kWh (2001)
Switzerland
24.1 billion kWh (2001)
Syria
0 kWh (2001)
Taiwan
0 kWh (2001)
Tajikistan
5.242 billion kWh (2001)
Tanzania
50 million kWh (2001)
Thailand
350 million kWh (2001)
Togo
520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)
Tonga
0 kWh (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago
0 kWh (2001)
Tunisia
1 million kWh (2001)
Turkey
4.579 billion kWh (2001)
Turkmenistan
20 million kWh (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Uganda
1 million kWh (2001)
Ukraine
0 kWh (2001)
United Arab Emirates
0 kWh (2001)
United Kingdom
10.66 billion kWh (2001)
United States
38.48 billion kWh (2001)
Uruguay
123 million kWh (2001)
Uzbekistan
9.7 billion kWh (2001)
Vanuatu
0 kWh (2001)
Venezuela
0 kWh (2001)
Vietnam
0 kWh (2001)
Virgin Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Wallis and Futuna
0 kWh (2002)
West Bank
NA kWh
Western Sahara
0 kWh (2001)
Yemen
0 kWh (2001)
Zambia
0 kWh (2001)
Zimbabwe
3.55 billion kWh (2001)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2044 Electricity - exports (kWh)
Afghanistan
0 kWh (2001)
Albania
221 million kWh (2001)
Algeria
340 million kWh (2001)
American Samoa
0 kWh (2001)
Andorra
0 kWh (2002)
Angola
0 kWh (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda
0 kWh (2001)
Argentina
5.662 billion kWh (2001)
Armenia
704 million kWh; note - exports an unknown quantity to
Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan
(2001)
Aruba
0 kWh (2001)
Australia
0 kWh (2001)
Austria
14.25 billion kWh (2001)
Azerbaijan
700 million kWh (2001)
Bahamas, The
0 kWh (2001)
Bahrain
0 kWh (2001)
Bangladesh
0 kWh (2001)
Barbados
0 kWh (2001)
Belarus
300 million kWh (2001)
Belgium
6.712 billion kWh (2001)
Belize
0 kWh (2001)
Benin
0 kWh (2001)
Bermuda
0 kWh (2001)
Bhutan
1.4 billion kWh (2001)
Bolivia
3 million kWh (2001)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.569 billion kWh (2001)
Botswana
0 kWh (2001)
Brazil
0 kWh (2001)
British Virgin Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Brunei
0 kWh (2001)
Bulgaria
6.79 billion kWh (2001)
Burkina Faso
0 kWh (2001)
Burma
0 kWh (2001)
Burundi
0 kWh (2001)
Cambodia
0 kWh (2001)
Cameroon
0 kWh (2001)
Canada
38.4 billion kWh (2001)
Cape Verde
0 kWh (2001)
Cayman Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Central African Republic
0 kWh (2001)
Chad
0 kWh (2001)
Chile
0 kWh (2001)
China
10.3 billion kWh (2001)
Colombia
210 million kWh (2001)
Comoros
0 kWh (2001)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
1.097 billion kWh (2001)
Congo, Republic of the
0 kWh (2001)
Cook Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Costa Rica
379 million kWh (2001)
Cote d'Ivoire
1.3 billion kWh (2001)
Croatia
386 million kWh (2001)
Cuba
0 kWh (2001)
Cyprus
0 kWh (2001)
Czech Republic
18.92 billion kWh (2001)
Denmark
8.775 billion kWh (2001)
Djibouti
0 kWh (2001)
Dominica
0 kWh (2001)
Dominican Republic
0 kWh (2001)
East Timor
0 kWh (2001)
Ecuador
0 kWh (2001)
Egypt
0 kWh (2001)
El Salvador
44 million kWh (2001)
Equatorial Guinea
0 kWh (2001)
Eritrea
0 kWh NA kWh (2001)
Estonia
1.19 billion kWh (2001)
Ethiopia
0 kWh (2001)
European Union
234.8 billion kWh (2001)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
0 kWh (2001)
Faroe Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Fiji
0 kWh (2001)
Finland
1.81 billion kWh (2001)
France
72.6 billion kWh (2001)
French Guiana
0 kWh (2001)
French Polynesia
0 kWh (2001)
Gabon
0 kWh (2001)
Gambia, The
0 kWh (2001)
Gaza Strip
0 kWh (2001)
Georgia
0 kWh (2001)
Germany
43.9 billion kWh (2001)
Ghana
300 million kWh (2001)
Gibraltar
0 kWh (2001)
Greece
1.062 billion kWh (2001)
Greenland
0 kWh (2001)
Grenada
0 kWh (2001)
Guadeloupe
0 kWh (2001)
Guam
0 kWh (2001)
Guatemala
336 million kWh (2001)
Guernsey
0 kWh (2002)
Guinea
0 kWh (2001)
Guinea-Bissau
0 kWh (2001)
Guyana
0 kWh (2001)
Haiti
0 kWh (2001)
Holy See (Vatican City)
0 kWh
Honduras
0 kWh (2001)
Hong Kong
1.581 billion kWh (2001)
Hungary
7.261 billion kWh (2001)
Iceland
0 kWh (2001)
India
321 million kWh (2001)
Indonesia
0 kWh (2001)
Iran
0 kWh (2001)
Iraq
0 kWh (2001)
Ireland
285 million kWh (2001)
Israel
1.457 billion kWh (2001)
Italy
556 million kWh (2001)
Jamaica
0 kWh (2001)
Japan
0 kWh (2001)
Jordan
2 million kWh (2001)
Kazakhstan
3.6 billion kWh (2001)
Kenya
0 kWh (2001)
Kiribati
0 kWh (2001)
Korea, North
0 kWh (2001)
Korea, South
0 kWh (2001)
Kuwait
0 kWh (2001)
Kyrgyzstan
2.25 billion kWh (2001)
Laos
400 million kWh (2001)
Latvia
703 million kWh (2001)
Lebanon
0 kWh (2001)
Lesotho
0 kWh (2001)
Liberia
0 kWh (2001)
Libya
0 kWh (2001)
Lithuania
6.3 billion kWh (2001)
Luxembourg
744 million kWh (2001)
Macau
1 million kWh (2001)
Macedonia
0 kWh (2001)
Madagascar
0 kWh (2001)
Malawi
0 kWh (2001)
Malaysia
0 kWh (2002)
Maldives
0 kWh (2001)
Mali
0 kWh; note - recent hydropower developments may be providing
electricity to Senegal and Mauritania (2001)
Malta
0 kWh (2001)
Martinique
0 kWh (2001)
Mauritania
0 kWh (2001)
Mauritius
0 kWh (2001)
Mexico
77 million kWh (2001)
Moldova
0 kWh (2001)
Mongolia
25 million kWh (2001)
Montserrat
0 kWh (2001)
Morocco
0 kWh (2001)
Mozambique
5.8 billion kWh (2001)
Namibia
0 kWh (2001)
Nauru
0 kWh (2001)
Nepal
95 million kWh (2001)
Netherlands
4.209 billion kWh (2001)
Netherlands Antilles
0 kWh (2001)
New Caledonia
0 kWh (2001)
New Zealand
0 kWh (2001)
Nicaragua
0 kWh (2001)
Niger
0 kWh (2001)
Nigeria
20 million kWh (2001)
Niue
0 kWh (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands
0 kWh
Norway
7.162 billion kWh (2001)
Oman
0 kWh (2001)
Pakistan
0 kWh (2001)
Panama
118 million kWh (2001)
Papua New Guinea
0 kWh (2001)
Paraguay
39.11 billion kWh (2001)
Peru
0 kWh (2001)
Philippines
0 kWh (2001)
Poland
11.04 billion kWh (2001)
Portugal
3.479 billion kWh (2001)
Puerto Rico
0 kWh (2001)
Qatar
0 kWh (2001)
Reunion
0 kWh (2001)
Romania
1.6 billion kWh (2001)
Russia
21.16 billion kWh (2001)
Rwanda
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Helena
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Lucia
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
0 kWh (2001)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 kWh (2001)
Samoa
0 kWh (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe
0 kWh (2001)
Saudi Arabia
0 kWh (2001)
Senegal
0 kWh (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro
446 million kWh (2001)
Seychelles
0 kWh (2001)
Sierra Leone
0 kWh (2001)
Singapore
0 kWh (2001)
Slovakia
5.141 billion kWh (2001)
Slovenia
3 billion kWh (2001)
Solomon Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Somalia
0 kWh (2001)
South Africa
6.91 billion kWh (2001)
Spain
4.138 billion kWh (2001)
Sri Lanka
0 kWh (2001)
Sudan
0 kWh (2001)
Suriname
0 kWh (2001)
Swaziland
0 kWh (2001)
Sweden
18.45 billion kWh (2001)
Switzerland
34.54 billion kWh (2001)
Syria
0 kWh (2001)
Taiwan
0 kWh (2001)
Tajikistan
3.909 billion kWh (2001)
Tanzania
0 kWh (2001)
Thailand
200 million kWh (2001)
Togo
0 kWh (2001)
Tonga
0 kWh (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago
0 kWh (2001)
Tunisia
0 kWh (2001)
Turkey
433 million kWh (2001)
Turkmenistan
980 million kWh (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Uganda
174 million kWh (2001)
Ukraine
800 million kWh (2001)
United Arab Emirates
0 kWh (2001)
United Kingdom
264 million kWh (2001)
United States
18.17 billion kWh (2001)
Uruguay
1.377 billion kWh (2001)
Uzbekistan
3.998 billion kWh (2001)
Vanuatu
0 kWh (2001)
Venezuela
0 kWh (2001)
Vietnam
0 kWh (2001)
Virgin Islands
0 kWh (2001)
Wallis and Futuna
0 kWh (2002)
Western Sahara
0 kWh (2001)
Yemen
0 kWh (2001)
Zambia
1.75 billion kWh (2001)
Zimbabwe
0 kWh (2001)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2045
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2046 Population below poverty line (%)
Afghanistan
23% (2002)
Albania
30% (2001 est.)
Algeria
23% (1999 est.)
American Samoa
NA
Andorra
NA
Angola
70% (2003 est.)
Anguilla
NA
Antigua and Barbuda
NA
Argentina
51.7% (May 2003)
Armenia
50% (2002 est.)
Aruba
NA
Australia
NA
Austria
3.9% (1999)
Azerbaijan
49% (2002 est.)
Bahamas, The
NA
Bahrain
NA
Bangladesh
35.6% (FY95/96 est.)
Barbados
NA
Belarus
22% (1995 est.)
Belgium
4% (1989 est.)
Belize
33% (1999 est.)
Benin
37% (2001 est.)
Bermuda
19% (2000)
Bhutan
NA
Bolivia
70% (1999 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
NA (2004 est.)
Botswana
47% (2002 est.)
Brazil
22% (1998 est.)
British Virgin Islands
NA
Brunei
NA (1992 est.)
Bulgaria
13.4% (2002 est.)
Burkina Faso
45% (2003 est.)
Burma
25% (2000 est.)
Burundi
68% (2002 est.)
Cambodia
36% (1997 est.)
Cameroon
48% (2000 est.)
Canada
NA
Cape Verde
30% (2000)
Cayman Islands
NA (2002 est.)
Central African Republic
NA (1993)
Chad
80% (2001 est.)
Chile
20.6% (2000 est.)
China
10% (2001 est.)
Christmas Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA
Colombia
55% (2001)
Comoros
60% (2002 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA
Congo, Republic of the
NA
Cook Islands
NA
Costa Rica
20.6% (2002 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
37% (1995)
Croatia
NA
Cuba
NA
Cyprus
NA
Czech Republic
NA
Denmark
NA
Djibouti
50% (2001 est.)
Dominica
30% (2002 est.)
Dominican Republic
25%
East Timor
42% (2003 est.)
Ecuador
65% (2003 est.)
Egypt
16.7% (2000 est.)
El Salvador
48% (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
NA
Eritrea
53% (1993/94)
Estonia
NA (2000)
Ethiopia
50% (2003 est.)
European Union
NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA
Faroe Islands
NA
Fiji
25.5% (1990-91)
Finland
NA
France
6.5% (2000)
French Guiana
NA
French Polynesia
NA
Gabon
NA
Gambia, The
NA
Gaza Strip
60% (2003 est.)
Georgia
54% (2001 est.)
Germany
NA
Ghana
31.4% (1992 est.)
Gibraltar
NA
Greece
NA
Greenland
NA
Grenada
32% (2000)
Guadeloupe
NA
Guam
23% (2001 est.)
Guatemala
75% (2002 est.)
Guernsey
NA
Guinea
40% (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
NA
Guyana
NA
Haiti
80% (2003 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA
Honduras
53% (1993 est.)
Hong Kong
NA
Hungary
8.6% (1993 est.)
Iceland
NA
India
25% (2002 est.)
Indonesia
27% (1999)
Iran
40% (2002 est.)
Iraq
NA
Ireland
10% (1997 est.)
Israel
18% (2001 est.)
Italy
NA
Jamaica
19.7% (2002 est.)
Japan
NA
Jersey
NA
Jordan
30% (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan
26% (2001 est.)
Kenya
50% (2000 est.)
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
NA
Korea, South
4% (2001 est.)
Kuwait
NA
Kyrgyzstan
50% (2003 est.)
Laos
40% (2002 est.)
Latvia
NA
Lebanon
28% (1999 est.)
Lesotho
49% (1999)
Liberia
80%
Libya
NA
Liechtenstein
NA
Lithuania
NA
Luxembourg
NA
Macau
NA
Macedonia
30.2% (2002 est.)
Madagascar
71% (1999 est.)
Malawi
55% (2003 est.)
Malaysia
8% (1998 est.)
Maldives
NA
Mali
64% average; 30% of the total population living in urban areas;
70% of the total population living in rural areas) (2001 est.)
Malta
NA
Man, Isle of
NA
Marshall Islands
NA
Martinique
NA
Mauritania
50% (2001 est.)
Mauritius
10% (2001 est.)
Mayotte
NA
Mexico
40% (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
26.7%
Moldova
80% (2001 est.)
Monaco
NA
Mongolia
33% (2003 est.)
Montserrat
NA
Morocco
19% (1999 est.)
Mozambique
70% (2001 est.)
Namibia
50% (2002 est.)
Nauru
NA
Nepal
42% (1995-96)
Netherlands
NA
Netherlands Antilles
NA
New Caledonia
NA
New Zealand
NA
Nicaragua
50% (2001 est.)
Niger
63% (1993 est.)
Nigeria
60% (2000 est.)
Niue
NA
Norfolk Island
NA
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
NA
Oman
NA
Pakistan
35% (2001 est.)
Palau
NA
Panama
37% (1999 est.)
Papua New Guinea
37% (2002 est.)
Paraguay
36% (2001 est.)
Peru
54% (2003 est.)
Philippines
40% (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
NA
Poland
18.4% (2000 est.)
Portugal
NA
Puerto Rico
NA
Qatar
NA
Reunion
NA
Romania
44.5% (2000)
Russia
25% (January 2003 est.)
Rwanda
60% (2001 est.)
Saint Helena
NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
Saint Lucia
NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
NA
Samoa
NA
San Marino
NA
Sao Tome and Principe
54% NA (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia
NA
Senegal
54% (2001 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
30% (1999 est.)
Seychelles
NA
Sierra Leone
68% (1989 est.)
Singapore
NA
Slovakia
NA
Slovenia
NA
Solomon Islands
NA
Somalia
NA
South Africa
50% (2000 est.)
Spain
NA
Sri Lanka
22% (1997 est.)
Sudan
NA (2004 est.)
Suriname
70% (2002 est.)
Svalbard
NA
Swaziland
40% (1995)
Sweden
NA
Switzerland
NA
Syria
20% (2003 est.)
Taiwan
1% (2000 est.)
Tajikistan
60% (2003 est.)
Tanzania
36% (2002 est.)
Thailand
10.4% (2002 est.)
Togo
32% (1989 est.)
Tokelau
NA
Tonga
NA
Trinidad and Tobago
21% (1992 est.)
Tunisia
7.6% (2001 est.)
Turkey
18% (2001)
Turkmenistan
34.4% (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
NA
Tuvalu
NA
Uganda
35% (2001 est.)
Ukraine
29% (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates
NA
United Kingdom
17% (2002 est.)
United States
12% (2003 est.)
Uruguay
23.7% (2002)
Uzbekistan
NA (2004 est.)
Vanuatu
NA
Venezuela
47% (1998 est.)
Vietnam
37% (1998 est.)
Virgin Islands
NA
Wallis and Futuna
NA
West Bank
60% (2003 est.)
Western Sahara
NA
Yemen
15.7% (2001)
Zambia
86% (1993)
Zimbabwe
70% (2002 est.)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2047 Household income or consumption by percentage share (%)
Afghanistan
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Albania
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Algeria
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 26.8% (1995)
American Samoa
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Andorra
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Angola
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Anguilla
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Antigua and Barbuda
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Argentina
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Armenia
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 46.2% (1999)
Aruba
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Australia
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 25.4% (1994)
Austria
lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 22.5% (1995)
Azerbaijan
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.8% (1995)
Bahamas, The
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Bahrain
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Bangladesh
lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 28.6% (1995-96 est.)
Barbados
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Belarus
lowest 10%: 5.1%
highest 10%: 20% (1998)
Belgium
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 23% (1996)
Belize
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Benin
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Bermuda
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Bhutan
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Bolivia
lowest 10%: 1.3%
highest 10%: 32% (1999)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Botswana
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Brazil
lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 48% (1998)
British Virgin Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Brunei
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Bulgaria
lowest 10%: 4.5%
highest 10%: 22.8% (1997)
Burkina Faso
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 46.8% (1994)
Burma
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
Burundi
lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)
Cambodia
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Cameroon
lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
Canada
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 23.8% (1994)
Cape Verde
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Cayman Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Central African Republic
lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 47.7% (1993)
Chad
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Chile
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 41% (2000)
China
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 30.4% (1998)
Christmas Island
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Colombia
lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 44% (1999)
Comoros
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Congo, Republic of the
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Cook Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Costa Rica
lowest 10%: 1.1%
highest 10%: 36.8% (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.8% (1995)
Croatia
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 23.3% (1998)
Cuba
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Cyprus
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Czech Republic
lowest 10%: 4.3%
highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)
Denmark
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)
Djibouti
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Dominica
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Dominican Republic
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 37.9% (1998)
East Timor
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Ecuador
lowest 10%: 2.2%
highest 10%: 33.8% (1995)
Egypt
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 29.5% (1999)
El Salvador
lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 39.3% (2001)
Equatorial Guinea
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Eritrea
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Estonia
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1998)
Ethiopia
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 33.7% (1995)
European Union
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1995 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Faroe Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Fiji
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Finland
lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)
France
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.1% (1995)
French Guiana
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
French Polynesia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Gabon
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Gambia, The
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Gaza Strip
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Georgia
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 27.9% (1996)
Germany
lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 25.1% (1997)
Ghana
lowest 10%: 2.2%
highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
Gibraltar
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Greece
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.3% (1993 est.)
Greenland
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Grenada
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Guadeloupe
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Guam
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Guatemala
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 46% (1998)
Guernsey
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Guinea
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 32% (1994)
Guinea-Bissau
lowest 10%: 0.5%
highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)
Guyana
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Haiti
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Holy See (Vatican City)
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Honduras
lowest 10%: 0.6%
highest 10%: 42.7% (1998)
Hong Kong
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Hungary
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 20.5% (1998)
Iceland
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
India
lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 33.5% (1997)
Indonesia
lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 26.7% (1999)
Iran
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Iraq
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Ireland
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 27.3% (1997)
Israel
lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 28.3% (1997)
Italy
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 26.6% (2000)
Jamaica
lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 30.3% (2000)
Japan
lowest 10%: 4.8%
highest 10%: 21.7% (1993)
Jersey
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Jordan
lowest 10%: 3.3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1997)
Kazakhstan
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.3% (2001)
Kenya
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 37.2% (2000)
Kiribati
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Korea, North
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Korea, South
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 22.5% (1999 est.)
Kuwait
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Kyrgyzstan
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 27.7% (1999)
Laos
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 30.6% (1997)
Latvia
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 25.9% (1998)
Lebanon
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Lesotho
lowest 10%: 0.9%
highest 10%: 43.4%
Liberia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Libya
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Liechtenstein
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Lithuania
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 25.6% (1996)
Luxembourg
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Macau
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Macedonia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Madagascar
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 29% (1999)
Malawi
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Malaysia
lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 39.2% (2003 est.)
Maldives
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Mali
lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)
Malta
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Man, Isle of
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Marshall Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Martinique
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Mauritania
lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 30.2% (2000)
Mauritius
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Mayotte
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Mexico
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 35.6% (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Moldova
lowest 10%: 2.2%
highest 10%: 30.7% (1997)
Monaco
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Mongolia
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 37% (1995)
Montserrat
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Morocco
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 30.9% (1998-99)
Mozambique
lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
Namibia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Nauru
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Nepal
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)
Netherlands
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.1% (1994)
Netherlands Antilles
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
New Caledonia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
New Zealand
lowest 10%: 0.3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)
Nicaragua
lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 48.8% (1998)
Niger
lowest 10%: 0.8%
highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
Nigeria
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97)
Niue
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Norfolk Island
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Northern Mariana Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Norway
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)
Oman
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Pakistan
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 27.6% (FY96/97)
Palau
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Panama
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 35.7% (1997)
Papua New Guinea
lowest 10%: 1.7%
highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)
Paraguay
lowest 10%: 0.5%
highest 10%: 43.8% (1998)
Peru
lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 35.4% (1996)
Philippines
lowest 10%: 1.7%
highest 10%: 38.4% (2000)
Pitcairn Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Poland
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 24.7% (1998)
Portugal
lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Puerto Rico
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Qatar
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Reunion
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Romania
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 25% (1998)
Russia
lowest 10%: 5.9%
highest 10%: 47% (2001)
Rwanda
lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 24.2% (1985)
Saint Helena
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Saint Lucia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Samoa
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
San Marino
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Sao Tome and Principe
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Saudi Arabia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Senegal
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 33.5% (1995)
Serbia and Montenegro
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Seychelles
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Sierra Leone
lowest 10%: 0.5%
highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)
Singapore
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Slovakia
lowest 10%: 5.1%
highest 10%: 18.2% (1992)
Slovenia
lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 23% (1998)
Solomon Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Somalia
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
South Africa
lowest 10%: 1.1%
highest 10%: 45.9% (1994)
Spain
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1990)
Sri Lanka
lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 28% (1995)
Sudan
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Suriname
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Svalbard
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Swaziland
lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 50.2% (1995)
Sweden
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Switzerland
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1992)
Syria
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Taiwan
lowest 10%: 6.7%
highest 10%: 41.1% (2002 est.)
Tajikistan
lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1998)
Tanzania
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 30.1% (1993)
Thailand
lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
Togo
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Tokelau
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Tonga
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Trinidad and Tobago
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Tunisia
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 31.8% (1995)
Turkey
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 32.3% (1994)
Turkmenistan
lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1998)
Turks and Caicos Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Tuvalu
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Uganda
lowest 10%: 4%
highest 10%: 21% (2000)
Ukraine
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 23.2% (1999)
United Arab Emirates
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
United Kingdom
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 27.7% (1995)
United States
lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 30.5% (1997)
Uruguay
lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 25.8% (1997)
Uzbekistan
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 32.8% (1998)
Vanuatu
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Venezuela
lowest 10%: 0.8%
highest 10%: 36.5% (1998)
Vietnam
lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 29.9% (1998)
Virgin Islands
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Wallis and Futuna
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
West Bank
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Western Sahara
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
World
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA
Yemen
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.9% (2003)
Zambia
lowest 10%: 1.1%
highest 10%: 41% (1998)
Zimbabwe
lowest 10%: 1.97%
highest 10%: 40.42% (1995)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2048 Labor force - by occupation (%)
Afghanistan
agriculture 80%, industry 10%, services 10% (1990 est.)
Albania
agriculture 57%, non-agricultural private sector 20%, public
sector 23% (2003 est.)
Algeria
agriculture 14%, industry 13.4%, construction and public
works 10%, trade 14.6%, government 32%, other 16% (2003 est.)
American Samoa
tuna canneries 34%, government 33%, other 33% (1990)
Andorra
agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.)
Angola
agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (2003 est.)
Anguilla
agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%, manufacturing 3%,
construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, commerce 36%,
services 29% (2000 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
agriculture 7%, industry 11%, services 82% (1983)
Argentina
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Armenia
agriculture 45%, industry 25%, services 30% (2002 est.)
Aruba
most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair,
followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining
Australia
agriculture 5%, industry 22%, services 73% (1997 est.)
Austria
agriculture and forestry 4%, industry and crafts 29%,
services 67% (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan
agriculture and forestry 41%, industry 7%, services 52%
(2001)
Bahamas, The
agriculture 5%, industry 5%, tourism 50%, other
services 40% (1999 est.)
Bahrain
agriculture 1%, industry, commerce, and services 79%,
government 20% (1997 est.)
Bangladesh
agriculture 63%, industry 11%, services 26% (FY95/96)
Barbados
agriculture 10%, industry 15%, services 75% (1996 est.)
Belarus
NA
Belgium
agriculture 1.3%, industry 24.5%, services 74.2% (2003 est.)
Belize
agriculture 27%, industry 18%, services 55% (2001 est.)
Bermuda
agriculture and fishing 3%, laborers 17%, clerical 22%,
professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%,
sales 8%, services 20% (2000 est.)
Bhutan
agriculture 93%, industry and commerce 2%, services 5%
Bolivia
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Bosnia and Herzegovina
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Botswana
NA
Brazil
agriculture 23%, industry 24%, services 53%
British Virgin Islands
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Brunei
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil,
natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999
est.)
Bulgaria
agriculture 26%, industry 31%, services 43% (1998 est.)
Burkina Faso
agriculture 90% (2000 est.)
Burma
agriculture 70%, industry 7%, services 23% (2001 est.)
Burundi
agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.)
Cambodia
agriculture 75% (2003 est.)
Cameroon
agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%
Canada
agriculture 3%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%, services
74%, other 3% (2000)
Cayman Islands
agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995)
Chad
agriculture more than 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and
fishing)
Chile
agriculture 13.6%, industry 23.4%, services 63% (2003 est.)
China
agriculture 50%, industry 22%, services 28% (2001 est.)
Christmas Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands the Cocos Islands Cooperative Society Ltd. employs construction workers, stevedores, and lighterage workers; tourism employs others
Colombia
agriculture 30%, industry 24%, services 46% (1990)
Comoros
agriculture 80%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA
Cook Islands
agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56%
note: shortage of skilled labor (1995)
Costa Rica
agriculture 20%, industry 22%, services 58% (1999 est.)
Croatia
agriculture 13.2%, industry 25.4%, services 46.4% (2002)
Cuba
agriculture 24%, industry 25%, services 51% (1999)
Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: services 75.6%, industry 19.4%,
agriculture 4.9% (2003); north Cyprus: services 68.9%, industry
20.5%, agriculture 10.6% (2003)
Czech Republic
agriculture 5%, industry 35%, services 60% (2001 est.)
Denmark
agriculture 4%, industry 17%, services 79% (2002 est.)
Djibouti
NA
Dominica
agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28%
Dominican Republic
agriculture 17%, industry 24.3%, services and
government 58.7% (1998 est.)
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2001 est.)
Egypt
agriculture 32%, industry 17%, services 51% (2001 est.)
El Salvador
agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.)
Eritrea
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%
Estonia
agriculture 11%, industry 20%, services 69% (1999 est.)
Ethiopia
agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, industry and
construction 8%, government and services 12% (1985)
European Union
agriculture 4.3%, industry 29%, services 66.8% (2000)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
agriculture 95% (mostly
sheepherding and fishing)
Faroe Islands
fishing, fish processing, and manufacturing 33%,
construction and private services 33%, public services 34%
Fiji
agriculture, including subsistence agriculture 70% (2001 est.)
Finland
agriculture and forestry 8%, industry 22%, construction 6%,
commerce 14%, finance, insurance, and business services 10%,
transport and communications 8%, public services 32%
France
agriculture 4.1%, industry 24.4%, services 71.5% (1999)
French Guiana
agriculture 18.2%, industry 21.2%, services,
government, and commerce 60.6% (1980)
French Polynesia
agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (1997)
Gabon
agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25%
Gambia, The
agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%,
government 6%
Gaza Strip
agriculture 13%, industry 21%, services 66% (1996)
Georgia
agriculture 40%, industry 20%, services 40% (1999 est.)
Germany
agriculture 2.8%, industry 33.4%, services 63.8% (1999)
Ghana
agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)
Gibraltar
agriculture negligible, industry 40%, services 60%
Greece
agriculture 20%, industry 20%, services 60% (2000 est.)
Grenada
agriculture 24%, industry 14%, services 62% (1999 est.)
Guadeloupe
NA
Guam
private 74% (industry 10%, trade 24%, other services 40%),
federal and territorial government 26% (2000 est.)
Guatemala
agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.)
Guinea
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
agriculture 82% (2000 est.)
Guyana
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Haiti
agriculture 66%, industry 9%, services 25%
Holy See (Vatican City) essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican
Honduras
agriculture 34%, industry 21%, services 45% (2001 est.)
Hong Kong
manufacturing 8.2%, construction 2.9%, wholesale and
retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 43.5%, financing, insurance,
and real estate 19.5%, transport and communications 7.8%, community
and social services 17.8% (Note: above data exclude public sector)
(2002 est.)
Hungary
agriculture 8%, industry 27%, services 65% (1996)
Iceland
agriculture 5.1%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%,
manufacturing 12.9%, construction 10.7%, services 59.5% (1999)
India
agriculture 60%, industry 17%, services 23% (1999)
Indonesia
agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)
Iran
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (2001 est.)
Iraq
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Ireland
agriculture 8%, industry 29%, services 64% (2002 est.)
Israel
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2.6%, manufacturing 20.2%,
construction 7.5%, commerce 12.8%, transport, storage, and
communications 6.2%, finance and business 13.1%, personal and other
services 6.4%, public services 31.2% (1996)
Italy
agriculture 5%, industry 32%, services 63% (2001)
Jamaica
agriculture 21%, industry 19%, services 60% (1998)
Japan
agriculture 5%, industry 25%, services 70% (2002 est.)
Jordan
agriculture 5%, industry 12.5%, services 82.5% (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan
agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (2002 est.)
Kenya
agriculture 75% (2003 est.)
Korea, North
agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%
Korea, South
agriculture 8.8%, industry 19.1%, services 72.1% (2001)
Kuwait
agriculture NA, industries NA, services NA
Kyrgyzstan
agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (2000 est.)
Laos
agriculture 80% (1997 est.)
Latvia
agriculture 15%, industry 25%, services 60% (2000 est.)
Lebanon
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Lesotho
86% of resident population engaged in subsistence
agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in
South Africa
Liberia
agriculture 70%, industry 8%, services 22% (2000 est.)
Libya
agriculture 17%, industry 29%, services 54% (1997 est.)
Liechtenstein
agriculture 1.3%, industry 47.4%, services 51.3% (31
December 2001 est.)
Lithuania
agriculture 20%, industry 30%, services 50% (1997 est.)
Luxembourg
agriculture 1.9%, industry 8%, services 90.1% (1999 est.)
Macau
manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and
communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and
hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and
agriculture 25% (2002 est.)
Macedonia
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Malawi
agriculture 90% (2003 est.)
Malaysia
agriculture 14.5%, industry 36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.)
Maldives
agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995)
Mali
agriculture and fishing 80% (2001 est.)
Malta
agriculture 5%, industry 24%, services 71% (1999 est.)
Man, Isle of
agriculture, forestry and fishing 3%, manufacturing
11%, construction 10%, transport and communication 8%, wholesale and
retail distribution 11%, professional and scientific services 18%,
public administration 6%, banking and finance 18%, tourism 2%,
entertainment and catering 3%, miscellaneous services 10%
Marshall Islands
agriculture 21.4%, industry 20.9%, services 57.7%
Martinique
agriculture 10%, industry 17%, services 73% (1997)
Mauritania
agriculture 50%, industry 10%, services 40% (2001 est.)
Mauritius
agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry
36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels
16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995)
Mexico
agriculture 18%, industry 24%, services 58% (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of
two-thirds are government employees
Moldova
agriculture 40%, industry 14%, services 46% (1998)
Mongolia
herding/agriculture 46%, manufacturing 6%, trade 10.3%,
public sector 4.7%, other/unemployed 33% (2001)
Montserrat
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Morocco
agriculture 40%, industry 15%, services 45% (2003 est.)
Mozambique
agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)
Namibia
agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)
Nauru
employed in mining phosphates, public administration,
education, and transportation
Nepal
agriculture 81%, industry 3%, services 16%
Netherlands
agriculture 4%, industry 23%, services 73% (1998 est.)
Netherlands Antilles agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (2000 est.)
New Caledonia
agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)
New Zealand
agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995)
Nicaragua
agriculture 42%, industry 15%, services 43% (1999 est.)
Niger
agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Nigeria
agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)
Niue
most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in
government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board
Norfolk Island
tourism NA, subsistence agriculture NA
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4%, industry 22%, services
74% (1995)
Oman
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Pakistan
agriculture 44%, industry 17%, services 39% (1999 est.)
Palau
agriculture 20%, industry NA, services NA (1990)
Panama
agriculture 20.8%, industry 18%, services 61.2% (1995 est.)
Papua New Guinea
agriculture 85%, industry NA, services NA
Paraguay
agriculture 45%
Peru
agriculture 5.9%, mining and quarrying 0.4%, manufacturing
12.6%, construction 5.3%, commerce 26.3%, household work 4.9%, other
services 44.6% (2004)
Philippines
agriculture 45%, industry 15%, services 40% (2003 est.)
Pitcairn Islands no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing
Poland
agriculture 27.5%, industry 22.1%, services 50.4% (1999)
Portugal
agriculture 10%, industry 30%, services 60% (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico
agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)
Reunion
agriculture 13%, industry 12%, services 75% (2000)
Romania
agriculture 41.4%, industry 27.3%, services 31.3% (2000)
Russia
agriculture 12.3%, industry 22.7%, services 65% (2002 est.)
Rwanda
agriculture 90%
Saint Helena
agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly
construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
Saint Lucia
agriculture 21.7%, industry, commerce, and manufacturing
24.7%, services 53.6% (2002 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
fishing 18%, industry (mainly
fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
agriculture 26%, industry 17%,
services 57% (1980 est.)
Samoa
NA
San Marino
agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing note: shortages of skilled workers
Saudi Arabia
agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999 est.)
Senegal
agriculture 70%
Serbia and Montenegro
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Seychelles
agriculture 10%, industry 19%, services 71% (1989)
Sierra Leone
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Singapore
manufacturing 18%, construction 6%, transportation and
communication 11%, financial, business, and other services 49%,
other 16% (2003)
Slovakia
agriculture 8.9%, industry 29.3%, construction 8%,
transport and communication 8.2%, services 45.6% (1994)
Slovenia
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Solomon Islands
agriculture 75%, industry 5%, services 20% (2000
est.)
Somalia
agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and
services 29%
South Africa
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)
Spain
agriculture 7%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 29%,
services 64% (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka
agriculture 38%, industry 17%, services 45% (1998 est.)
Sudan
agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 7%, government 13%
(1998 est.)
Suriname
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Swaziland
NA
Sweden
agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)
Switzerland
agriculture 4.6%, industry 26.3%, services 69.1% (1998)
Syria
agriculture, industry, services NA
Taiwan
agriculture 7.5%, industry 35%, services 57% (2001 est.)
Tajikistan
agriculture 67.2%, industry 7.5%, services 25.3% (2000
est.)
Tanzania
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.)
Thailand
agriculture 49%, industry 14%, services 37% (2000 est.)
Togo
agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Tonga
agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
agriculture 9.5%, manufacturing, mining, and
quarrying 14%, construction and utilities 12.4%, services 64.1%
(1997 est.)
Tunisia
services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)
Turkey
agriculture 39.7%, industry 22.4%, services 37.9% (3rd
quarter, 2001)
Turkmenistan
agriculture 48%, industry 15%, services 37% (1998 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
about 33% in government and 20% in
agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial,
and other services
Tuvalu
people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea,
reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly
workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)
Uganda
agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.)
Ukraine
agriculture 24%, industry 32%, services 44% (1996)
United Arab Emirates agriculture 7%, industry 15%, services 78% (2000 est.)
United Kingdom
agriculture 1%, industry 25%, services 74% (1999)
United States
managerial, professional, and technical 34.9%, sales
and office 25.5%, manufacturing, extraction, transportation, and
crafts 22.7%, other services 16.3%, farming, forestry, and fishing
0.7%
note: figures exclude the unemployed (2004)
Uruguay
agriculture 14%, industry 16%, services 70%
Uzbekistan
agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995)
Vanuatu
agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (2000 est.)
Venezuela
agriculture 13%, industry 23%, services 64% (1997 est.)
Vietnam
agriculture 63%, industry and services 37% (2000 est.)
Virgin Islands
agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80% (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%, government 4% (2001 est.)
West Bank
agriculture 13%, industry 21%, services 66% (1996)
Western Sahara
animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%
World
agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Yemen
most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services,
construction, industry, and commerce account for less than
one-fourth of the labor force
Zambia
agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Zimbabwe
agriculture 66%, industry 10%, services 24% (1996)
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2049 Exports - commodities
Afghanistan
opium, fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton,
hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems
Albania
textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores,
crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco
Algeria
petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97%
American Samoa
canned tuna 93%
Andorra
tobacco products, furniture
Angola
crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee,
sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton
Anguilla
lobster, fish, livestock, salt, concrete blocks, rum
Antigua and Barbuda
petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%,
machinery and transport equipment 17%, food and live animals 4%,
other 8%
Argentina
edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor
vehicles
Armenia
diamonds, mineral products, foodstuffs, energy
Aruba
live animals and animal products, art and collectibles,
machinery and electrical equipment, transport equipment
Australia
coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat,
machinery and transport equipment
Austria
machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and
paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel; textiles,
foodstuffs
Azerbaijan
oil and gas 90%, machinery, cotton, foodstuffs
Bahamas, The
fish and crawfish; rum, salt, chemicals; fruit and
vegetables
Bahrain
petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles
Bangladesh
garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and
seafood (2001)
Barbados
sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages,
chemicals, electrical components
Belarus
machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals,
metals; textiles, foodstuffs
Belgium
machinery and equipment, chemicals, diamonds, metals and
metal products, foodstuffs
Belize
sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses,
wood
Benin
cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa
Bermuda
reexports of pharmaceuticals
Bhutan
electricity (to India), cardamom, gypsum, timber,
handicrafts, cement, fruit, precious stones, spices
Bolivia
soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood (2000)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
metals, clothing, wood products
Botswana
diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Brazil
transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee,
autos
British Virgin Islands
rum, fresh fish, fruits, animals; gravel, sand
Brunei
crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Bulgaria
clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and
equipment, fuels
Burkina Faso
cotton, livestock, gold
Burma
Clothing, gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice
Burundi
coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Cambodia
Clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Cameroon
crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans,
aluminum, coffee, cotton
Canada
motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft,
telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood
pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
Cape Verde
fuel, shoes, garments, fish, hides
Cayman Islands
turtle products, manufactured consumer goods
Central African Republic
diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco
Chad
cotton, cattle, gum arabic
Chile
copper, fish, fruits, paper and pulp, chemicals, wine
China
machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, footwear, toys
and sporting goods, mineral fuels
Christmas Island
phosphate
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
copra
Colombia
petroleum, coffee, coal, apparel, bananas, cut flowers
Comoros
vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
diamonds, copper, crude oil,
coffee, cobalt
Congo, Republic of the
petroleum, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa,
coffee, diamonds
Cook Islands
copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee;
fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing
Costa Rica
coffee, bananas, sugar; pineapples; textiles, electronic
components, medical equipment
Cote d'Ivoire
cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas,
pineapples, palm oil, fish
Croatia
transport equipment, textiles, chemicals, foodstuffs, fuels
Cuba
sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus, coffee
Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals,
cement, clothing and cigarettes; north Cyprus: citrus, potatoes,
textiles
Czech Republic
machinery and transport equipment 44%, intermediate
manufactures 25%, chemicals 7%, raw materials and fuel 7% (2000)
Denmark
machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy
products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills
Djibouti
reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Dominica
bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges
Dominican Republic
ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa,
tobacco, meats, consumer goods
East Timor
coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - the potential for oil
and vanilla exports
Ecuador
petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp
Egypt
crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal
products, chemicals
El Salvador
offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp,
textiles, chemicals, electricity
Equatorial Guinea
petroleum, methanol, timber, cocoa
Eritrea
livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures (2000)
Estonia
machinery and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles
14%, food products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical products (2001)
Ethiopia
coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds
European Union
machinery, motor vehicles, aircraft, plastics,
pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, fuels, iron and steel,
nonferrous metals, wood pulp and paper products, textiles, meat,
dairy products, fish, alcoholic beverages.
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
wool, hides, meat
Faroe Islands
fish and fish products 94%, stamps, ships (1999)
Fiji
sugar, garments, gold, timber, fish, molasses, coconut oil
Finland
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper,
pulp (1999)
France
machinery and transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics,
chemicals, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, beverages
French Guiana
shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing
French Polynesia
cultured pearls, coconut products, mother-of-pearl,
vanilla, shark meat
Gabon
crude oil 77%, timber, manganese, uranium (2001)
Gambia, The
peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels,
re-exports
Gaza Strip
citrus, flowers
Georgia
scrap metal, machinery, chemicals; fuel reexports; citrus
fruits, tea, wine
Germany
machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures,
foodstuffs, textiles
Ghana
gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore,
diamonds
Gibraltar
(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods
41%, other 8%
Greece
food and beverages, manufactured goods, petroleum products,
chemicals, textiles
Greenland
fish and fish products 94% (prawns 63%)
Grenada
bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace
Guadeloupe
bananas, sugar, rum
Guam
mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products;
construction materials, fish, food and beverage products
Guatemala
coffee, sugar, bananas, fruits and vegetables, cardamom,
meat, apparel, petroleum, electricity
Guernsey
tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other
vegetables
Guinea
bauxite, alumina, gold, diamonds, coffee, fish, agricultural
products
Guinea-Bissau
cashew nuts, shrimp, peanuts, palm kernels, sawn lumber
Guyana
sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum,
timber
Haiti
manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa
Honduras
coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber (2000)
Hong Kong
electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel,
footwear, watches and clocks, toys, plastics, precious stones
Hungary
machinery and equipment 57.6%, other manufactures 31.0%,
food products 7.5%, raw materials 1.9%, fuels and electricity 1.9%
(2001)
Iceland
fish and fish products 70%, animal products, aluminum,
diatomite, ferrosilicon
India
textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals,
leather manufactures
Indonesia
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles,
rubber
Iran
petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and
nuts, carpets
Iraq
crude oil
Ireland
machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals; live animals, animal products (1999)
Israel
machinery and equipment, software, cut diamonds, agricultural
products, chemicals, textiles and apparel
Italy
engineering products, textiles and clothing, production
machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals; food,
beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals
Jamaica
alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum, coffee, yams,
beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels
Japan
motor vehicles, semiconductors, office machinery, chemicals
Jersey
light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Jordan
clothing, phosphates, fertilizers, potash, vegetables,
manufactures, pharmaceuticals
Kazakhstan
oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals
5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001)
Kenya
tea, horticultural products, coffee, petroleum products, fish,
cement
Kiribati
copra 62%, coconuts, seaweed, fish
Korea, North
minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures
(including armaments); textiles and fishery products
Korea, South
Semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment,
motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals
Kuwait
oil and refined products, fertilizers
Kyrgyzstan
cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium,
natural gas, hydropower; machinery; shoes
Laos
garments, wood products, coffee, electricity, tin
Latvia
wood and wood products, machinery and equipment, metals,
textiles, foodstuffs
Lebanon
authentic jewelry, inorganic chemicals, miscellaneous
consumer goods, fruit, tobacco, construction minerals, electric
power machinery and switchgear, textile fibers, paper
Lesotho
manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool
and mohair, food and live animals (2000)
Liberia
rubber, timber, iron, diamonds, cocoa, coffee
Libya
crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999)
Liechtenstein
small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and
video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared
foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products
Lithuania
mineral products 23%, textiles and clothing 16%, machinery
and equipment 11%, chemicals 6%, wood and wood products 5%,
foodstuffs 5% (2001)
Luxembourg
machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals,
rubber products, glass
Macau
clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts
Macedonia
food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron
and steel
Madagascar
coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar; cotton cloth,
chromite, petroleum products
Malawi
tobacco 60%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood
products, apparel
Malaysia
electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas,
wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals
Maldives
fish, clothing
Mali
cotton, gold, livestock
Malta
machinery and transport equipment, manufactures
Man, Isle of
tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb
Marshall Islands
copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish
Martinique
refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples
(2001 est.)
Mauritania
iron ore, fish and fish products, gold
Mauritius
clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Mayotte
ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts,
coffee, cinnamon
Mexico
manufactured goods, oil and oil products, silver, fruits,
vegetables, coffee, cotton
Micronesia, Federated States of
fish, garments, bananas, black pepper
Moldova
foodstuffs, textiles, machinery
Mongolia
copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides,
fluorspar, other nonferrous metals
Montserrat
electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot
peppers, live plants, cattle
Morocco
clothing, fish, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude
minerals, fertilizers (including phosphates), petroleum products,
fruits, vegetables
Mozambique
aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber;
bulk electricity
Namibia
diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle,
processed fish, karakul skins
Nauru
phosphates
Nepal
carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain
Netherlands
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs
Netherlands Antilles
petroleum products
New Caledonia
ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
New Zealand
dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish,
machinery
Nicaragua
coffee, shrimp and lobster, cotton, tobacco, bananas,
beef, sugar, gold
Niger
uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions
Nigeria
petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
Niue
canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit
products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts
Norfolk Island
postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and
Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Northern Mariana Islands
garments
Norway
petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment,
metals, chemicals, ships, fish
Oman
petroleum, reexports, fish, metals, textiles
Pakistan
textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, and yarn),
rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets
and rugs
Palau
shellfish, tuna, copra, garments
Panama
bananas, shrimp, sugar, coffee, clothing (1999)
Papua New Guinea
oil, gold, copper ore, logs, palm oil, coffee,
cocoa, crayfish, prawns
Paraguay
soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, electricity,
wood, leather
Peru
fish and fish products, gold, copper, zinc, crude petroleum and
byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton
Philippines
electronic equipment, machinery and transport equipment,
garments, coconut products, chemicals
Pitcairn Islands
fruits, vegetables, curios, stamps
Poland
machinery and transport equipment 30.2%, intermediate
manufactured goods 25.5%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 20.9%,
food and live animals 8.5% (1999)
Portugal
clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper
products, hides
Puerto Rico
chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum,
beverage concentrates, medical equipment
Qatar
petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Reunion
sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster
3%, (1993)
Romania
textiles and footwear, metals and metal products, machinery
and equipment, minerals and fuels, chemicals, agricultural products
Russia
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood
products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and
military manufactures
Rwanda
coffee, tea, hides, tin ore
Saint Helena
fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna),
coffee, handicrafts
Saint Kitts and Nevis
machinery, food, electronics, beverages,
tobacco
Saint Lucia
bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits,
coconut oil
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
fish and fish products, soybeans, animal
feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
bananas 39%, eddoes and dasheen
(taro), arrowroot starch, tennis racquets
Samoa
fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, automotive parts,
garments, beer
San Marino
building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked
goods, hides, ceramics
Sao Tome and Principe
cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Saudi Arabia
petroleum and petroleum products 90%
Senegal
fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates,
cotton
Serbia and Montenegro
manufactured goods, food and live animals, raw
materials
Seychelles
canned tuna, frozen fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum
products (reexports)
Sierra Leone
diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish (1999)
Singapore
machinery and equipment (including electronics), consumer
goods, chemicals, mineral fuels
Slovakia
machinery and transport equipment 39.4%, intermediate
manufactured goods 27.5%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 13%,
chemicals 8% (1999)
Slovenia
manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment,
chemicals, food
Solomon Islands
timber, fish, copra, palm oil, cocoa
Somalia
livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal
South Africa
gold, diamonds, platinum, other metals and minerals,
machinery and equipment (1998 est.)
Spain
machinery, motor vehicles; foodstuffs, other consumer goods
Sri Lanka
textiles and apparel, tea, diamonds, coconut products,
petroleum products
Sudan
oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock,
groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
Suriname
alumina, crude oil, lumber, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas
Swaziland
soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn,
refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit
Sweden
machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood,
iron and steel products, chemicals
Switzerland
machinery, chemicals, metals, watches, agricultural
products
Syria
crude oil, petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton
fiber, clothing, meat and live animals, wheat
Taiwan
computer products and electrical equipment, metals, textiles,
plastics and rubber products, chemicals (2002)
Tajikistan
aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil,
textiles
Tanzania
gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton
Thailand
computers, office machine parts, transistors, rubber,
vehicles (cars and trucks), plastic, seafood (2002)
Togo
reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Tokelau
stamps, copra, handicrafts
Tonga
squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops
Trinidad and Tobago
petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals,
steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Tunisia
textiles, mechanical goods, phosphates and chemicals,
agricultural products, hydrocarbons
Turkey
apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport
equipment
Turkmenistan
gas 57%, oil 26%, cotton fiber 3%, textiles 2% (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands
lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Tuvalu
copra, fish
Uganda
coffee, fish and fish products, tea; gold, cotton, flowers,
horticultural products
Ukraine
ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products,
chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products
United Arab Emirates
crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried
fish, dates
United Kingdom
manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food,
beverages, tobacco
United States
capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and
raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products
Uruguay
meat, rice, leather products, wool, fish, dairy products
Uzbekistan
cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral
fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles
(1998 est.)
Vanuatu
copra, beef, cocoa, timber, kava, coffee
Venezuela
petroleum, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals,
agricultural products, basic manufactures
Vietnam
crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea,
garments, shoes
Virgin Islands
refined petroleum products
Wallis and Futuna
copra, chemicals, construction materials
West Bank
olives, fruit, vegetables, limestone
Western Sahara
phosphates 62%
World
the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and
services
Yemen
crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish
Zambia
copper 55%, cobalt, electricity, tobacco, flowers, cotton
Zimbabwe
tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing
This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005
@2050 Exports - partners (%)
Afghanistan
US 27%, France 17.5%, India 16.6%, Pakistan 13.3% (2003)
Albania
Italy 74.9%, Greece 12.8%, Germany 3.4% (2003)
Algeria
Italy 19.5%, US 18.5%, France 13.6%, Spain 11.2%, Canada
6.2%, Belgium 5.1%, Brazil 4.9% (2003)
American Samoa
Samoa 33.3%, Japan 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, Canada
11.1%, New Zealand 11.1% (2003)
Andorra
Spain 58%, France 34% (2000)
Angola
US 47.7%, China 23.4%, Taiwan 8%, France 7.4% (2003)
Anguilla
UK, US, Puerto Rico, Saint-Martin (2000)
Antigua and Barbuda
Germany 84.9%, UK 3.8%, US 3.3% (2003)
Argentina
Brazil 15.8%, Chile 12%, US 10.6%, China 8.4%, Spain 4.7%
(2003)
Armenia
Belgium 18.2%, UK 16.8%, Israel 15.7%, Russia 12.1%, Iran
7.9%, US 6.3%, Germany 5% (2003)
Aruba
Netherlands 33.7%, Colombia 12%, Netherlands Antilles 12%,
Panama 12%, Venezuela 10.8%, US 9.6% (2003)
Australia
Japan 18.1%, US 8.7%, China 8.4%, South Korea 7.4%, New
Zealand 7.4%, UK 6.7% (2003)
Austria
Germany 31.9%, Italy 9.6%, Switzerland 5.2%, US 4.9%, France
4.8%, UK 4.7% (2003)
Azerbaijan
Italy 34.1%, Czech Republic 11.4%, Germany 10.5%, France
8.2%, Turkey 5.9%, Georgia 4.5%, Russia 4.5% (2003)
Bahamas, The
US 35%, Spain 9.6%, Germany 7.8%, France 7.6%, Poland
5.3%, Switzerland 4.8%, Peru 4.2%, Paraguay 4.2% (2003)
Bahrain
US 3.5%, India 3.3%, South Korea 2.2% (2003)
Bangladesh
US 23.9%, Germany 13.6%, UK 9.7%, France 5.9% (2003)
Barbados
US 18.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.5%, UK 14%, Jamaica 7.8%,
Saint Lucia 6.2%, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4.7% (2003)
Belarus
Russia 49.1%, UK 9.4%, Poland 4.4%, Germany 4.2%,
Netherlands 4.2% (2003)
Belgium
Germany 19.5%, France 17.4%, Netherlands 11.7%, UK 9%, US
6.7%, Italy 5.4% (2003)
Belize
US 39.1%, UK 25%, France 4% (2003)
Benin
China 21.1%, India 18%, Thailand 6.8%, Ghana 5.8%, Niger 4.4%,
Indonesia 4.1% (2003)
Bermuda
France 62%, Norway 13.8%, UK 7.5% (2003)
Bhutan
Bangladesh 60.5%, US 11.7%, Malaysia 5.7% (2003)
Bolivia
Brazil 37%, Venezuela 12.9%, Colombia 11.9%, US 11.5%, Peru
5.1% (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Italy 28.7%, Croatia 18.3%, Germany 17.1%,
Austria 9.2%, Slovenia 7.1% (2003)
Botswana
European Free Trade Association (EFTA) 87%, Southern
African Customs Union (SACU) 7%, Zimbabwe 4% (2000)
Brazil
US 23%, Argentina 6.1%, China 6%, Netherlands 5.8%, Germany
4.2% (2003)
British Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US
Brunei
Japan 41%, South Korea 11.2%, Thailand 9.4%, Australia 8.4%,
US 7.8%, China 6.7%, Singapore 4.5% (2003)
Bulgaria
Italy 14.1%, Germany 10.9%, Greece 10.5%, Turkey 9.2%,
France 5.1%, US 4.5% (2003)
Burkina Faso
Singapore 12.8%, China 11.6%, Thailand 8%, Italy 6.4%,
India 6%, Colombia 5.2%, Ghana 5.2%, France 4.8%, Niger 4% (2003)
Burma
Thailand 31.5%, US 10.2%, India 9.3%, China 5.8%, Japan 4.8%
(2003)
Burundi
Switzerland 31.6%, UK 15.8%, Netherlands 5.3%, Rwanda 5.3%
(2003)
Cambodia
US 58.4%, Germany 10.3%, UK 7.2% (2003)
Cameroon
Spain 21.9%, Italy 13.4%, France 10.8%, Netherlands 10.6%,
US 7.5%, China 4.4% (2003)
Canada
US 86.6%, Japan 2.1%, UK 1.4% (2003)
Cape Verde
Portugal 31%, France 27.6%, UK 17.2%, US 17.2% (2003)
Cayman Islands
mostly US
Central African Republic
Belgium 41.8%, Italy 10.7%, Spain 9.8%,
France 7.4%, Indonesia 6.6% (2003)
Chad
US 25%, Germany 17%, Portugal 15.9%, France 6.8%, Morocco 4.5%
(2003)
Chile
US 16.2%, Japan 10.5%, China 8.6%, South Korea 4.7%, Mexico
4.3%, Italy 4.2% (2003)
China
US 21.1%, Hong Kong 17.4%, Japan 13.6%, South Korea 4.6%,
Germany 4% (2003)
Christmas Island
Australia, NZ
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Australia
Colombia
US 47.1%, Ecuador 6%, Venezuela 5.3% (2003)
Comoros
France 46.9%, Germany 18.8%, US 12.5% (2003)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Belgium 54.9%, US 15.4%, Zimbabwe
11.1%, Finland 4.8% (2003)
Congo, Republic of the
China 28.6%, Taiwan 19.3%, US 16%, South
Korea 12.9% (2003)
Cook Islands
Australia 34%, Japan 27%, New Zealand 25%, US 8% (2000)
Costa Rica
US 14.2%, Guatemala 3%, Nicaragua 2.7% (2003)
Cote d'Ivoire
France 19.1%, Netherlands 17.7%, US 7.1%, Spain 5.6%
(2003)
Croatia
Italy 26.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 14.6%, Germany 12%,
Slovenia 8.3%, Austria 7.9% (2003)
Cuba
Netherlands 21.8%, Canada 16.2%, Russia 10.7%, Spain 8.7%,
China 7.3% (2003)
Cyprus
UK 32.1%, Greece 9.2%, Lebanon 3.5% (2003)
Czech Republic
Germany 37.1%, Slovakia 8%, Austria 6.3%, UK 5.4%,
Poland 4.8%, France 4.7%, Italy 4.5%, Netherlands 4.1% (2003)
Denmark
Germany 18.7%, Sweden 12.6%, UK 8.5%, US 6.2%, Norway 5.7%,
France 5.1%, Netherlands 4.7% (2003)
Djibouti
Somalia 63.9%, Yemen 22.5%, Ethiopia 4.7% (2003)
Dominica
UK 20%, Jamaica 18.5%, Antigua and Barbuda 7.7%, US 7.7%,
Guyana 6.2%, Japan 6.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.6% (2003)
Dominican Republic
US 83.8%, Canada 1.5%, Haiti 1.5% (2003)
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
US 42.4%, Colombia 5.7%, Germany 5.6% (2003)
Egypt
US 13.3%, Italy 12.3%, UK 7.9%, France 4.7%, Germany 4.7%,
India 4.2% (2003)
El Salvador
US 67.8%, Guatemala 11.5%, Honduras 5.9% (2003)
Equatorial Guinea
US 33.6%, Spain 25.8%, China 14.4%, Canada 11.8%,
Italy 6.4% (2003)
Eritrea
Malaysia 65.1%, Italy 10.4%, France 4.4% (2003)
Estonia
Finland 21.9%, Sweden 12.5%, Russia 11.4%, Germany 8.4%,
Latvia 7.4%, Lithuania 4% (2003)
Ethiopia
Djibouti 13.4%, Germany 11.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.9%, Japan
6.8%, Italy 6.4%, US 5.1% (2003)
European Union
NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Spain 80%, UK 9.3%, US 3.6% (2003)
Faroe Islands
Denmark 36.7%, UK 32.1%, Netherlands 6.1%, Nigeria
5.6%, Norway 5.4% (2003)
Fiji
US 23.7%, Australia 18.4%, UK 13.6%, Samoa 6%, Japan 4.8% (2003)
Finland
Germany 11.8%, Sweden 9.9%, US 8.2%, UK 8%, Russia 7.5%,
Netherlands 4.8% (2003)
France
Germany 14.9%, Spain 9.6%, UK 9.4%, Italy 9.3%, Belgium 7.2%,
US 6.8% (2003)
French Guiana
France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (2001)
French Polynesia
France 66.3%, Japan 16.1%, US 9.1% (2003)
Gabon
US 51.5%, France 8.7%, China 7.5%, Japan 4% (2003)
Gambia, The
UK 26.7%, Belgium 6.7%, China 6.7%, Germany 6.7%, Italy
6.7%, Malaysia 6.7%, Thailand 6.7% (2003)
Gaza Strip
Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Georgia
Russia 17.7%, Turkey 17.3%, Turkmenistan 12.2%, Armenia
8.6%, Switzerland 6.9%, Ukraine 6.3%, UK 5.9% (2003)
Germany
France 10.6%, US 9.3%, UK 8.4%, Italy 7.4%, Netherlands
6.2%, Austria 5.3%, Belgium 5.1%, Spain 4.9%, Switzerland 4% (2003)
Ghana
Netherlands 11.2%, UK 10.7%, France 7.7%, Germany 6.2%, Japan
5.2%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, US 4.3% (2003)
Gibraltar
Germany 25.6%, France 24.8%, UK 14.3%, Turkmenistan 9.4%,
Switzerland 7.5%, Spain 5.6% (2003)
Greece
Germany 12.6%, Italy 10.5%, UK 7%, US 6.5%, Bulgaria 6.2%,
Cyprus 4.8%, France 4.2%, Turkey 4% (2003)
Greenland
Denmark 64.7%, Japan 14.2%, China 4.4% (2003)
Grenada
US 14.9%, Germany 12.8%, Netherlands 8.5%, Saint Lucia 8.5%,
Antigua and Barbuda 6.4%, UK 6.4%, Belgium 4.3%, Dominica 4.3%,
France 4.3%, Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.3%
(2003)
Guadeloupe
France 60%, Martinique 18%, US 4% (1999)
Guam
Japan 70.1%, South Korea 17.9%, Singapore 6% (2003)
Guatemala
US 56.7%, El Salvador 10.8%, Nicaragua 3.6% (2003)
Guernsey
UK (regarded as internal trade)
Guinea
South Korea 14.8%, Spain 10.7%, US 10.1%, France 9.2%, Russia
9%, Ireland 7.9%, Belgium 6.4%, Germany 5.6%, Ukraine 5.3% (2003)
Guinea-Bissau
India 76.8%, Nigeria 12.1%, Italy 5.1% (2003)
Guyana
Canada 23.2%, US 21.8%, UK 13.5%, Portugal 6.7%, Belgium
6.5%, Jamaica 6.1% (2003)
Haiti
US 83.8%, Dominican Republic 6.5%, Canada 3.2% (2003)
Honduras
US 65.5%, El Salvador 3.5%, Guatemala 2.4% (2003)
Hong Kong
China 42.6%, US 18.7%, Japan 5.4% (2003)
Hungary
Germany 34.1%, Austria 8%, Italy 5.8%, France 5.7%, UK 4.5%,
Netherlands 4.1% (2003)
Iceland
Germany 17.4%, UK 17.4%, Netherlands 11.2%, US 9.8%, Spain
6.3%, Denmark 5%, Norway 4.5%, France 4% (2003)
India
US 20.6%, China 6.4%, UK 5.3%, Hong Kong 4.8%, Germany 4.4%
(2003)
Indonesia
Japan 22.3%, US 12.1%, Singapore 8.9%, South Korea 7.1%,
China 6.2% (2003)
Iran
Japan 21.8%, China 9.7%, Italy 6.3%, Taiwan 5.5%, Turkey 5.4%,
South Korea 5.4% (2003)
Iraq
US 48.8%, Jordan 8.4%, Canada 8%, Italy 7.9%, Morocco 5.3%
(2003)
Ireland
US 20.5%, UK 18.1%, Belgium 12.6%, Germany 8.3%, France
6.1%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.6% (2003)
Israel
US 38.4%, Belgium 7.4%, Hong Kong 4.8% (2003)
Italy
Germany 13.8%, France 12.3%, US 8.5%, Spain 7%, UK 6.9% (2003)
Jamaica
US 29.6%, UK 11%, Canada 10.8%, France 7.9%, Norway 6.8%,
Germany 6.2%, China 6%, Netherlands 4.4% (2003)
Japan
US 24.8%, China 12.1%, South Korea 7.3%, Taiwan 6.6%, Hong
Kong 6.3% (2003)
Jersey
UK
Jordan
US 21.5%, Iraq 17.6%, Switzerland 6.5%, India 6.5%, Saudi
Arabia 5.3% (2003)
Kazakhstan
Bermuda 17%, Russia 15.2%, Switzerland 13%, China 12.8%,
Italy 7.8% (2003)
Kenya
Uganda 12.7%, UK 12.5%, US 9.4%, Netherlands 8.5%, Pakistan
5%, Egypt 4.6%, Tanzania 4.3% (2003)
Kiribati
Japan 75%, Australia 8.3%, US 8.3%, Philippines 4.2%,
Thailand 4.2% (2003)
Korea, North
South Korea 28.5%, China 28.4%, Japan 24.7% (2002)
Korea, South
China 18.2%, US 17.8%, Japan 9%, Hong Kong 7.6% (2003)
Kuwait
Japan 21.3%, South Korea 14.9%, US 11.5%, Singapore 9.8%,
Taiwan 9.3% (2003)
Kyrgyzstan
UAE 24.7%, Switzerland 20.3%, Russia 16.7%, Kazakhstan
9.8%, Canada 5.3%, China 4% (2003)
Laos
Thailand 20.7%, Vietnam 15.9%, France 7.3%, Germany 5.3%,
Belgium 4% (2003)
Latvia
UK 15.6%, Germany 14.8%, Sweden 10.5%, Lithuania 8.2%,
Estonia 6.6%, Denmark 6%, Russia 5.4% (2003)
Lebanon
Switzerland 10.8%, UAE 10%, Saudi Arabia 7.5%, US 7.3%,
Turkey 5.5%, Jordan 4.4% (2003)
Lesotho
US 97.6%, Canada 1.5%, France 0.5% (2003)
Liberia
Germany 43.3%, Poland 10.9%, Greece 9.1%, US 6%, France
5.5%, Thailand 4.9%, China 4.1% (2003)
Libya
Italy 38.8%, Spain 13.4%, Germany 13.4%, Turkey 7.1%, France
6.1% (2003)
Liechtenstein
EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%,
Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%
Lithuania
Switzerland 11.6%, Russia 10.1%, Germany 9.9%, Latvia
9.7%, UK 6.4%, France 5.1%, Denmark 4.7%, Estonia 4.3%, Sweden 4%
(2003)
Luxembourg
Germany 23.3%, France 19%, Belgium 10.4%, UK 9.1%, Italy
6.8%, Spain 4.6%, Netherlands 4.3% (2003)
Macau
US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5%
(2003)
Macedonia
Serbia and Montenegro 37.8%, Germany 27%, Italy 14.7%,
Greece 9.7%, Croatia 6.9%, US 6.1%, Netherlands 4.8% (2003)
Madagascar
France 37.4%, US 29.2%, Germany 5.5%, Mauritius 5.2%
(2003)
Malawi
South Africa 23.3%, US 13.4%, Germany 11.3%, Egypt 5.7%,
Portugal 4.8%, Japan 4.5%, Netherlands 4.1% (2003)
Malaysia
US 19.6%, Singapore 15.7%, Japan 10.7%, China 6.5%, Hong
Kong 6.5%, Thailand 4.4% (2003)
Maldives
US 32.1%, Thailand 17%, Sri Lanka 13.4%, Japan 10.7%, UK
9.8%, Indonesia 4.5% (2003)
Mali
Thailand 14%, China 12.1%, India 7.9%, Italy 7.5%, Bangladesh
6.1%, UK 6.1% (2003)
Malta
Singapore 17.4%, US 11.6%, UK 9.4%, Germany 8.8%, France 7.5%,
China 7% (2003)
Man, Isle of
UK (2000)
Marshall Islands
US, Japan, Australia, China (2000)
Martinique
France 45%, Guadeloupe 28% (2000)
Mauritania
Japan 12.5%, France 12.1%, Spain 11.4%, Italy 10.4%,
Belgium 7.8%, Germany 7.4%, Russia 5%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.2%,
Netherlands 4% (2003)
Mauritius
UK 31%, France 21.3%, US 17.6%, Madagascar 6.3% (2003)
Mayotte
France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion (2000)
Mexico
US 87.6%, Canada 1.8%, Germany 1.2% (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of
Japan, US, Guam (2000)
Moldova
Russia 39%, Romania 11.4%, Italy 10.4%, Germany 7.1%,
Ukraine 7.1%, Belarus 5.2%, US 4.3% (2003)
Mongolia
China 46.1%, US 23.2%, Russia 6.7%, Singapore 5.7%,
Australia 5.5%, UK 4.2% (2003)
Montserrat
US, Antigua and Barbuda
Morocco
France 26.5%, Spain 16.7%, UK 7.2%, Germany 5.2%, Italy 5%,
US 4% (2003)
Mozambique
Belgium 26%, South Africa 14.4%, Italy 9.6%, Spain 9.5%,
Germany 8.3%, Zimbabwe 4.7% (2003)
Namibia
EU 79%, US 4% (2001)
Nauru
Japan 42.3%, India 38.5%, South Korea 7.7% (2003)
Nepal
India 50.7%, US 26%, Germany 6.6% (2003)
Netherlands
Germany 25.3%, Belgium 12.6%, France 10.2%, UK 10.1%,
Italy 6%, US 4.5% (2003)
Netherlands Antilles
US 21.3%, Venezuela 16%, Bahamas, The 7.6%,
Singapore 5.2%, Honduras 4.9%, Guatemala 4.4% (2003)
New Caledonia
Japan 21.8%, France 19.2%, Taiwan 14%, Spain 11%,
South Korea 8.5%, Australia 7.2%, Italy 5.1% (2003)
New Zealand
Australia 21.8%, US 14.6%, Japan 11%, China 4.9%, UK
4.8% (2003)
Nicaragua
US 35.9%, El Salvador 17.2%, Costa Rica 8.1%, Honduras
7.3%, Mexico 4.6%, Guatemala 4.3% (2003)
Niger
France 42.2%, Nigeria 28.9%, Japan 17.2%, Spain 4.4% (2003)
Nigeria
US 38.3%, India 9.9%, Brazil 6.8%, Spain 6.2%, France 5.6%,
Japan 4% (2003)
Niue
New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)
Norfolk Island
Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia,
Europe
Northern Mariana Islands
US (2000)
Norway
UK 21.3%, Germany 13%, Netherlands 9.6%, US 8.7%, France
8.2%, Sweden 7.4% (2003)
Oman
South Korea 18.7%, China 18.5%, Japan 16.2%, Thailand 12.2%,
UAE 7.8%, Iran 4.1% (2003)
Pakistan
US 23.1%, UAE 9.4%, UK 7.1%, Germany 5.1%, Hong Kong 4.6%
(2003)
Palau
US, Japan, Singapore (2000)
Panama
US 13.9%, Nigeria 9.8%, Germany 8.1%, South Korea 7.8%, Peru
5.1%, Costa Rica 4.9%, Belgium 4.8%, Japan 4.5% (2003)
Papua New Guinea
Australia 25.6%, Japan 7.4%, China 5.8% (2003)
Paraguay
Brazil 34.2%, Uruguay 19.6%, Switzerland 7.8%, Argentina
5.3% (2003)
Peru
US 27.1%, UK 12.4%, China 7.7%, Switzerland 7.6%, Chile 4.7%,
Japan 4.4% (2003)
Philippines
US 20.1%, Japan 15.9%, Hong Kong 8.5%, Netherlands 8.1%,
Taiwan 6.9%, Malaysia 6.8%, Singapore 6.7%, China 5.9% (2003)
Pitcairn Islands
NA (2000)
Poland
Germany 32.3%, France 6.1%, Italy 5.8%, UK 5%, Netherlands
4.5%, Czech Republic 4.1% (2003)
Portugal
Spain 22.7%, Germany 15.2%, France 12.9%, UK 10.5%, US
5.8%, Italy 4.8%, Belgium 4.6% (2003)
Puerto Rico
US 90.3%, UK 1.6%, Netherlands 1.4%, Dominican Republic
1.4% (2002 est.)
Qatar
Japan 46%, South Korea 18.5%, Singapore 9.5% (2003)
Reunion
France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (2000)
Romania
Italy 24.3%, Germany 15.7%, France 7.4%, UK 6.7%, Turkey
5.1% (2003)
Russia
Germany 7.8%, Netherlands 6.5%, Italy 6.3%, China 6.2%,
Belarus 5.7%, Ukraine 5.7%, US 4.6%, Switzerland 4.4% (2003)
Rwanda
Indonesia 39.2%, Germany 4.6%, China 3.9% (2003)
Saint Helena
US 26.7%, Tanzania 21.9%, Indonesia 9.4%, UK 8.7%,
Japan 7.4%, Netherlands 7.2%, Nigeria 6.8%, Poland 5%, Spain 4.9%
(2003)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
US 61.4%, UK 15.7%, Canada 8.6%, Germany 4.3%
(2003)
Saint Lucia
UK 48%, US 24%, Antigua and Barbuda 6%, Dominica 6%,
Grenada 4% (2003)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
US 42.9%, Ecuador 28.6%, Canada 14.3%,
France 14.3% (2003)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
France 52.7%, UK 6.9%, Greece 6.4%,
Spain 6.4% (2003)
Samoa
Australia 63.6%, Indonesia 15.2%, US 5.1% (2003)
Sao Tome and Principe
Netherlands 41.7%, Canada 16.7%, Belgium 8.3%,
Germany 8.3%, Philippines 8.3% (2003)
Saudi Arabia
US 20.6%, Japan 15.4%, South Korea 9.8%, China 5.5%,
Taiwan 4.5%, Singapore 4.1% (2003)
Senegal
India 13%, France 12.2%, Mali 9.5%, Italy 8.5%, Cote
d'Ivoire 5.4%, Spain 5% (2003)
Serbia and Montenegro
Italy 31.6%, Germany 17.5%, Austria 6.2%,
France 6%, Greece 5.4%, Slovenia 4.1%, Hungary 4% (2003)
Seychelles
UK 38.8%, France 31.8%, Italy 14.5%, Germany 7.5% (2003)
Sierra Leone
Belgium 61.2%, Germany 14.2%, UK 4.5%, US 4.5% (2003)
Singapore
Malaysia 15.8%, US 14.3%, Hong Kong 10%, China 7%, Japan
6.7%, Taiwan 4.7%, Thailand 4.3%, South Korea 4.2% (2003)
Slovakia
Germany 37.2%, Czech Republic 12%, Austria 9.8%, Italy
5.4%, Poland 4.7%, US 4.7%, Hungary 4.2% (2003)
Slovenia
Germany 23.2%, Italy 13.2%, Croatia 9%, Austria 7.3%,
France 5.7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.2% (2003)
Solomon Islands
China 25.2%, South Korea 17.6%, Japan 13.4%,
Philippines 8.4%, Singapore 5.9%, Thailand 5.9% (2003)
Somalia
UAE 37.2%, Yemen 22.3%, Oman 10.1%, China 6%, Kuwait 4.4%,
Nigeria 4% (2003)
South Africa
UK 12.6%, US 12.4%, Japan 9.2%, Germany 8.1%, China
4.7%, Italy 4.4% (2003)
Spain
France 19.2%, Germany 11.9%, Italy 9.7%, UK 9.4%, Portugal
9.3%, US 4.2% (2003)
Sri Lanka
US 34.6%, UK 12.5%, India 4.8%, Germany 4.5% (2003)
Sudan
China 40.9%, Saudi Arabia 17.2%, UAE 5.4% (2003)
Suriname
US 23.3%, Norway 18.4%, Belgium 12.5%, France 10.1%,
Trinidad and Tobago 7.1%, Iceland 4.7%, Italy 4.3%, Netherlands 4.2%
(2003)
Swaziland
South Africa 72%, EU 14.2%, Mozambique 3.7%, US 3.5% (1999)
Sweden
US 11.5%, Germany 10%, Norway 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 6.4%,
Finland 5.7%, Netherlands 4.9%, France 4.9%, Belgium 4.5% (2003)
Switzerland
Germany 20.8%, US 11.3%, France 8.7%, Italy 8.3%, UK
4.9%, Japan 4% (2003)
Syria
Germany 20.9%, Italy 12.6%, UAE 7.6%, Lebanon 6.2%, Turkey 6%,
France 5.4%, Croatia 4.8%, US 4.1% (2003)
Taiwan
China 25.3%, US 20.5%, Japan 9.2% (2002)
Tajikistan
Netherlands 25.4%, Turkey 24.4%, Latvia 9.9%, Switzerland
9.7%, Uzbekistan 8.5%, Russia 6.6%, Iran 6.4% (2003)
Tanzania
Japan 9.5%, India 8.6%, Netherlands 8.2%, Germany 5.3%, UK
5.3%, Kenya 4.8% (2003)
Thailand
US 17%, Japan 14.2%, Singapore 7.3%, China 7.1%, Hong Kong
5.4%, Malaysia 4.8% (2003)
Togo
Burkina Faso 16.6%, Ghana 15.4%, Netherlands 13%, Benin 9.6%,
Mali 7.7% (2003)
Tokelau
New Zealand (2000)
Tonga
US 50%, Japan 35.7%, Italy 3.6% (2003)
Trinidad and Tobago
US 63.5%, Jamaica 5.6%, France 3.2% (2003)
Tunisia
France 32.6%, Italy 21.9%, Germany 10.7%, Spain 4.7%, Libya
4.4% (2003)
Turkey
Germany 15.8%, US 8%, UK 7.8%, Italy 6.8%, France 6% (2003)
Turkmenistan
Ukraine 39.2%, Italy 18.1%, Iran 14.7%, Turkey 6.5%
(2003)
Turks and Caicos Islands
US, UK