← The 2003 CIA World Factbook, Volume 2
@2001 Gdp (part 7)
Uruguay
food processing, electrical machinery, transportation
equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Uzbekistan
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy,
natural gas, chemicals
Vanuatu
food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning
Venezuela
petroleum, iron ore mining, construction materials, food
processing, textiles, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly
Vietnam
food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building, mining,
cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel, paper
Virgin Islands
tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum
distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics
Wallis and Futuna
copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber
West Bank
generally small family businesses that produce cement,
textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs;
the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in
the settlements and industrial centers
Western Sahara
phosphate mining, handicrafts
World
dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in
computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical
equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a
small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly
adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development
of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating
already grim environmental problems
Yemen
crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale
production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing;
handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement
Zambia
copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs,
beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Zimbabwe
mining (coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous
metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement,
chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2091 Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)
Afghanistan
total: 142.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 145.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 138.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Albania
total: 37.28 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 39.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 34.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Algeria
total: 37.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 40.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 35.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
American Samoa
total: 9.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Andorra
total: 4.06 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Angola
total: 193.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 206.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 180.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Anguilla
total: 22.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
total: 20.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Argentina
total: 16.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Armenia
total: 40.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 45.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Aruba
total: 6.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Australia
total: 4.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Austria
total: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan
total: 82.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 84.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The
total: 26.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bahrain
total: 18.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bangladesh
total: 66.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 67.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Barbados
total: 12.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Belarus
total: 13.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.13 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Belgium
total: 4.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Belize
total: 27.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Benin
total: 86.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 91.79 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 81.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bermuda
total: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bhutan
total: 104.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 102.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 106.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bolivia
total: 56.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 59.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 52.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 22.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Botswana
total: 67.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 66.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Brazil
total: 31.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 35.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 27.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands
total: 18.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Brunei
total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Bulgaria
total: 13.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Burkina Faso
total: 99.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 107.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 91.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Burma
total: 70.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Burundi
total: 71.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 78.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cambodia
total: 75.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 84.96 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 66.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cameroon
total: 70.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 74.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Canada
total: 4.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cape Verde
total: 50.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.83 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cayman Islands
total: 8.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Central African Republic
total: 93.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 100.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Chad
total: 95.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 105 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Chile
total: 8.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
China
total: 25.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Christmas Island
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Colombia
total: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Comoros
total: 79.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 88.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 70.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 96.56 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 105.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 87.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
total: 95.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 101.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 89.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cook Islands
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Costa Rica
total: 10.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
total: 98.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 115.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Croatia
total: 6.92 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cuba
total: 7.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Cyprus
total: 7.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Czech Republic
total: 5.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Denmark
total: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Djibouti
total: 106.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 114.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 98.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Dominica
total: 15.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic
total: 34.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 36.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 31.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
East Timor
total: 50.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 57.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 43.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Ecuador
total: 31.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 37.28 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Egypt
total: 35.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 36.02 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 34.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
El Salvador
total: 26.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
total: 89.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 95.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 82.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Eritrea
total: 76.32 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 83.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Estonia
total: 12.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.88 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Ethiopia
total: 103.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 113.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 92.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Faroe Islands
total: 6.52 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Fiji
total: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Finland
total: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
France
total: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
French Guiana
total: 12.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
French Polynesia
total: 8.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Gabon
total: 55.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 65.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Gambia, The
total: 74.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 81.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip
total: 24.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Georgia
total: 51.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.83 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Germany
total: 4.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Ghana
total: 53.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Gibraltar
total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Greece
total: 6.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Greenland
total: 16.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Grenada
total: 14.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guadeloupe
total: 9.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.33 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guam
total: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guatemala
total: 37.92 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 38.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 37.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guernsey
total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guinea
total: 93.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 98.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 87.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
total: 110.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 120.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 99.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Guyana
total: 37.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 41.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 33.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Haiti
total: 76.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 81.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 70.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Honduras
total: 29.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Hong Kong
total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Hungary
total: 8.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Iceland
total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.79 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
India
total: 59.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Indonesia
total: 38.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 43.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 32.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Iran
total: 44.17 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 44.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Iraq
total: 55.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 61.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Ireland
total: 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Israel
total: 7.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Italy
total: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.82 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Jamaica
total: 13.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Japan
total: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Jersey
total: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Jordan
total: 18.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan
total: 58.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.41 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 53.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Kenya
total: 63.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 66.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 60.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Kiribati
total: 51.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Korea, North
total: 25.66 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Korea, South
total: 7.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.77 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Kuwait
total: 10.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
total: 75.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 84.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Laos
total: 88.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 99.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 78.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Latvia
total: 14.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Lebanon
total: 26.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Lesotho
total: 86.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 91.28 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Liberia
total: 132.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 139.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 125.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Libya
total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Liechtenstein
total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Lithuania
total: 14.17 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Luxembourg
total: 4.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Macau
total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
total: 12.14 deaths/1,000
live births
male: 13.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Madagascar
total: 80.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 88.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 71.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Malawi
total: 105.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 109.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 100.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Malaysia
total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Maldives
total: 60.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 59.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 61.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mali
total: 119.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 125.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 112.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Malta
total: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of
total: 6.17 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Marshall Islands
total: 31.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 35.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 27.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Martinique
total: 7.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mauritania
total: 73.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 70.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mauritius
total: 16.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.98 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mayotte
total: 65.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mexico
total: 23.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 32.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 35.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.97 deaths/1,000 live births
Moldova
total: 41.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 44.81 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 38.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Monaco
total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mongolia
total: 57.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 53.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Montserrat
total: 7.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Morocco
total: 44.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 48.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 40.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Mozambique
total: 199 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 216.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 180.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Namibia
total: 68.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 71.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Nauru
total: 10.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Nepal
total: 70.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 72.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Netherlands
total: 4.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
total: 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
New Caledonia
total: 8.06 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
New Zealand
total: 6.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.96 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Nicaragua
total: 31.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 35.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 27.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Niger
total: 123.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 127.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 119.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Nigeria
total: 71.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 74.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Niue
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Norfolk Island
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Northern Mariana Islands
total: 5.52 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Norway
total: 3.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Oman
total: 21.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Pakistan
total: 76.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 76.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Palau
total: 15.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Panama
total: 21.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea
total: 54.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 59.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Paraguay
total: 27.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Peru
total: 36.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 42.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 31.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Philippines
total: 24.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Poland
total: 8.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Portugal
total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Puerto Rico
total: 9.38 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Qatar
total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Reunion
total: 8.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Romania
total: 18.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Russia
total: 19.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Rwanda
total: 102.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 107.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 97.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Saint Helena
total: 20.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 15.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Saint Lucia
total: 14.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 7.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 15.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Samoa
total: 29.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 34.98 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
San Marino
total: 5.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.41 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
total: 46.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 48.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 43.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia
total: 47.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 50.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Senegal
total: 57.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 61.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 53.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
total: 16.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Seychelles
total: 16.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Sierra Leone
total: 146.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 164.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 128.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Singapore
total: 3.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Slovakia
total: 8.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Slovenia
total: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Solomon Islands
total: 22.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Somalia
total: 120.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 129.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 110.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
South Africa
total: 60.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 64.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 56.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Spain
total: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Sri Lanka
total: 15.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Sudan
total: 65.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 66.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Suriname
total: 24.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 28.93 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Svalbard
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Swaziland
total: 67.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.79 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Sweden
total: 3.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Switzerland
total: 4.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Syria
total: 31.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 31.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Taiwan
total: 6.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Tajikistan
total: 113.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 126.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 99.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Tanzania
total: 103.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 113.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 93.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Thailand
total: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Togo
total: 68.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 60.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Tokelau
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
Tonga
total: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
total: 24.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.93 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Tunisia
total: 26.91 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Turkey
total: 44.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 47.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 40.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan
total: 73.17 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 69.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 16.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Tuvalu
total: 21.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Uganda
total: 87.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 95.41 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Ukraine
total: 20.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates
total: 15.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
United Kingdom
total: 5.28 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
United States
total: 6.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Uruguay
total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan
total: 71.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 75.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 67.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Vanuatu
total: 58.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 55.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Venezuela
total: 23.79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Vietnam
total: 30.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 34.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands
total: 9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
West Bank
total: 20.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Western Sahara
total: NA%
male: NA%
female: NA%
World
total: 51.38 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 53.81 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Yemen
total: 65.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.98 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Zambia
total: 99.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 106.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 91.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe
total: 66.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)
Afghanistan
NA%
Albania
6% (2002 est.)
Algeria
3% (2002 est.)
American Samoa
NA%
Andorra
4.3% (2000)
Angola
106% (2002 est.)
Anguilla
2.3%
Antigua and Barbuda
0.4% (2000 est.)
Argentina
41% (2002, yearend)
Armenia
1.1% (2002 est.)
Aruba
3.2% (2002 est.)
Australia
2.8% (2002 est.)
Austria
1.8% (2002 est.)
Azerbaijan
2.6% (2002 est.)
Bahamas, The
1.8% (2001 est.)
Bahrain
0.5% (2002 est.)
Bangladesh
3.1% (2002 est.)
Barbados
-0.6% (2002 est.)
Belarus
42.8% (2002 est.)
Belgium
1.7% (2002 est.)
Belize
1.9% (2002 est.)
Benin
3.3% (2002 est.)
Bermuda
2.3% (July 2002)
Bhutan
3% (2002 est.)
Bolivia
2% (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
3.5% (2002 est.)
Botswana
8.1% (2002 est.)
Brazil
8.3% (2002)
British Virgin Islands
2.5% (2002)
Brunei
-2% (2002 est.)
Bulgaria
5.9% (2002 est.)
Burkina Faso
3.5% (2001 est.)
Burma
53.7% (2002 est.)
Burundi
12% (2002 est.)
Cambodia
3.3% (2002 est.)
Cameroon
4.5% (2002 est.)
Canada
2.2% (2002 est.)
Cape Verde
3% (2002)
Cayman Islands
2.8% (2002)
Central African Republic
3.6% (2001 est.)
Chad
6% (2002 est.)
Chile
2.5% (2002 est.)
China
-0.8% (2002 est.)
Christmas Island
NA%
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA%
Colombia
6.2% (2002 est.)
Comoros
3.5% (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
16% (2002 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
4% (2002 est.)
Cook Islands
3.2% (2000 est.)
Costa Rica
9.1% (2002 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
3.2% (2002 est.)
Croatia
2.2% (2002 est.)
Cuba
7.1% (2002 est.)
Cyprus
Greek Cypriot area: 2.8% (2001 est.); Turkish Cypriot area:
24.5% (2002 est.)
Czech Republic
0.6% (2002 est.)
Denmark
2.3% (2002 est.)
Djibouti
2% (2002 est.)
Dominica
1% (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic
5.3% (2002 est.)
East Timor
NA%
Ecuador
12.5% (2002 est.)
Egypt
4.3% (2002 est.)
El Salvador
3.8% (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
6% (2002 est.)
Eritrea
15% (2001)
Estonia
3.7% (2002 est.)
Ethiopia
4% (2003 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3.6% (1998)
Faroe Islands
5.1% (1999)
Fiji
2% (2002 est.)
Finland
1.9% (2002 est.)
France
1.8% (2002 est.)
French Guiana
1.5% (2002 est.)
French Polynesia
1.5%
Gabon
2.3% (2002 est.)
Gambia, The
5.5% (2002 est.)
Gaza Strip
2.2% (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Georgia
5.2% (2002 est.)
Germany
1.3% (2002 est.)
Ghana
14.5% (2002 est.)
Gibraltar
1.5% (1998)
Greece
3.6% (2002 est.)
Greenland
1.6% (1999 est.)
Grenada
2.8% (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe
NA%
Guam
0% (1999 est.)
Guatemala
8.1% (2002 est.)
Guernsey
3.99% (2000 est.)
Guinea
6% (2002 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
4% (2002 est.)
Guyana
4.7% (2002 est.)
Haiti
11.9% (2001 est.)
Honduras
7.7% (2002 est.)
Hong Kong
3% (2002 est.)
Hungary
5.3% (2002 est.)
Iceland
5.2% (2002 est.)
India
5.4% (2002 est.)
Indonesia
11.9% (2002 est.)
Iran
15.3% (2002 est.)
Iraq
70% (2002 est.)
Ireland
4.6% (2002 est.)
Israel
5.7% (2002 est.)
Italy
2.4% (2002 est.)
Jamaica
7% (2002 est.)
Japan
-0.9% (2002 est.)
Jersey
4.7% (1998)
Jordan
3.3% (2002 est.)
Kazakhstan
6% (2002 est.)
Kenya
1.9% (2002 est.)
Kiribati
2.5% (2001 est.)
Korea, North
NA%
Korea, South
2.8% (2002 est.)
Kuwait
2% (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
2.1% (2002 est.)
Laos
10% (2002 est.)
Latvia
2% (2002 est.)
Lebanon
3.5% (2002 est.)
Lesotho
10% (2002 est.)
Liberia
15% (2002 est.)
Libya
1% (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein
1% (2001)
Lithuania
0.8% (2002 est.)
Luxembourg
1.6% (2002 est.)
Macau
-2.6% (2002 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
1.1% (2002 est.)
Madagascar
7.4% (2001 est.)
Malawi
27.4% (2001 est.)
Malaysia
1.9% (2002 est.)
Maldives
1% (2002 est.)
Mali
4.5% (2002 est.)
Malta
2.4% (2002 est.)
Man, Isle of
3.6% (March 2003 est.)
Marshall Islands
2% (2001 est.)
Martinique
3.9% (1990)
Mauritania
3% (2002 est.)
Mauritius
6.4% (2002 est.)
Mayotte
NA%
Mexico
6.4% (2002 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
1% (2002 est.)
Moldova
5.5% (2002 est.)
Monaco
NA%
Mongolia
3% (2002 est.)
Montserrat
2.6% (2002 est.)
Morocco
3.6% (2002 est.)
Mozambique
15.2% (2002 est.)
Namibia
8% (2001)
Nauru
-3.6% (1993)
Nepal
2.8% (2001 est.)
Netherlands
3.4% (2002 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
0.4% (2002 est.)
New Caledonia
-0.6% (2000 est.)
New Zealand
2.7% (2002 est.)
Nicaragua
3.7% (2002 est.)
Niger
3% (2002 est.)
Nigeria
14.2% (2002 est.)
Niue
1% (1995)
Norfolk Island
NA%
Northern Mariana Islands
1.2% (1997 est.)
Norway
1.3% (2001 est.)
Oman
-0.5% (2002 est.)
Pakistan
3.9% (2002 est.)
Palau
3.4% (2000 est.)
Panama
1.1% (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea
9.8% (2002 est.)
Paraguay
10.5% (2002 est.)
Peru
0.2% (2002 est.)
Philippines
3.1% (2002 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
NA%
Poland
1.9% (2002 est.)
Portugal
3.7% (2002 est.)
Puerto Rico
5% (2002 est.)
Qatar
1.9% (2002)
Reunion
NA%
Romania
22.5% (2002 est.)
Russia
15% (2002 est.)
Rwanda
5.5% (2002 est.)
Saint Helena
3.2% (1997 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1.7% (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia
3% (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2.1% (1991-96 average)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-0.4% (2001 est.)
Samoa
4% (2001 est.)
San Marino
3.3% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe
9% (2002 est.)
Saudi Arabia
1% (2002 est.)
Senegal
3% (2002 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
19% (2002 est.)
Seychelles
0.5% (2002 est.)
Sierra Leone
1% (2002 est.)
Singapore
-0.4% (2002 est.)
Slovakia
3.3% (2002 est.)
Slovenia
7.4% (2002 est.)
Solomon Islands
1.8% (2001 est.)
Somalia
over 100% (businesses print their own money)
South Africa
9.9% (2002 est.)
Spain
3% (2002 est.)
Sri Lanka
9.6% (2002 est.)
Sudan
9.2% (2002 est.)
Suriname
17% (2002 est.)
Svalbard
NA%
Swaziland
11.8% (2002 est.)
Sweden
2.2% (2002 est.)
Switzerland
0.5% (2002 est.)
Syria
0.9% (2002 est.)
Taiwan
-0.2% (2002 est.)
Tajikistan
12% (2001 est.)
Tanzania
4.8% (2002 est.)
Thailand
0.6% (2002 est.)
Togo
4% (2002 est.)
Tokelau
NA%
Tonga
8.4% (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
4.3% (2002 est.)
Tunisia
2.5% (2002 est.)
Turkey
45.2% (2002 est.)
Turkmenistan
5% (2002 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
4% (1995)
Tuvalu
5% (2000 est.)
Uganda
0.1% (2002 est.)
Ukraine
-1.2% (2002 est.)
United Arab Emirates
2.8% (2002 est.)
United Kingdom
2.1% (2002 est.)
United States
1.6% (2002)
Uruguay
14.1% (2002 est.)
Uzbekistan
26% (2001 est.)
Vanuatu
3.2% (2001 est.)
Venezuela
31.2% (2002 est.)
Vietnam
3.9% (2002 est.)
Virgin Islands
2% (1992)
Wallis and Futuna
NA%
West Bank
2.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)
Western Sahara
NA%
World
developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries
5% to 60% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in
individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation
in several Third World countries
Yemen
12.2% (2002 est.)
Zambia
21% (2002 est.)
Zimbabwe
134.5% (2002 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2093 Waterways (km)
Afghanistan 1,200 km note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2001)
Albania
43 km
note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and
Lake Prespa (1990)
Algeria
none
American Samoa
none
Andorra
none
Angola
1,295 km
Anguilla
none
Antigua and Barbuda
none
Argentina
10,950 km
Armenia
NA km
Aruba
none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
none
Australia
8,368 km (mainly used by small, shallow-draft craft)
Austria
358 km (1999)
Azerbaijan
none
Bahamas, The
none
Bahrain
none
Baker Island
none
Bangladesh
up to 8,046 km depending on season
note: includes 3,058 km main cargo routes
Barbados
none
Bassas da India
none
Belarus
NA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canal
and river systems
Belgium
1,570 km (route length in regular commercial use) (2001)
Belize
825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally
navigable)
Benin
streams navigable along small sections, important only locally
Bermuda
none
Bhutan
none
Bolivia
10,000 km (commercially navigable)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris
Botswana
none
Bouvet Island
none
Brazil
50,000 km
British Indian Ocean Territory
none
British Virgin Islands
none
Brunei
209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
Bulgaria
470 km (1987)
Burkina Faso
none
Burma
12,800 km
note: 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
Burundi
Lake Tanganyika
Cambodia
3,700 km
note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km
navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
Cameroon
2,090 km (of decreasing importance) (2002)
Canada
3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)
Cape Verde
none
Cayman Islands
none
Central African Republic
900 km
note: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft
dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year to
craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as
much as 1.8 m
Chad
2,000 km
Chile
725 km
China
110,000 km (1999)
Christmas Island
none
Clipperton Island
none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none
Colombia
18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996)
Comoros
none
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
15,000 km (including the Congo and
its tributaries, and unconnected lakes)
Congo, Republic of the
1,120 km
note: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) rivers provide 1,120 km of
commercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used for
local traffic only
Cook Islands
none
Coral Sea Islands
none
Costa Rica
730 km (seasonally navigable)
Cote d'Ivoire
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal
lagoons)
Croatia
785 km
note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by
downed bridges, silt, and debris)
Cuba
240 km
Cyprus
none
Czech Republic 303 km note: the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river (2000)
Denmark
417 km
Djibouti
none
Dominica
none
Dominican Republic
none
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
1,500 km
Egypt
3,500 km
note: includes the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and
numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including
approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water
El Salvador
Rio Lempa partially navigable
Equatorial Guinea
none
Eritrea
none
Estonia
320 km (perennially navigable) (2002)
Ethiopia
none
Europa Island
none
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none
Faroe Islands
none
Fiji
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
Finland
6,675 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships
France
14,932 km (6,969 km heavily traveled)
French Guiana
3,300 km navigable by native craft
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and
river steamers
French Polynesia
none
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
none
Gabon
1,600 km (perennially navigable)
Gambia, The
400 km
Gaza Strip
none
Georgia
none
Germany
7,500 km
note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an
important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999)
Ghana
1,293 km
note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial
navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km
of arterial and feeder waterways
Gibraltar
none
Glorioso Islands
none
Greece
80 km
note: system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth
Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the
Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage
from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also
three unconnected rivers
Greenland
none
Grenada
none
Guadeloupe
none
Guam
none
Guatemala
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during highwater season
Guernsey
none
Guinea
1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft)
Guinea-Bissau
several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
Guyana
5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)
note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
Haiti
NEGL; less than 100 km navigable
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
none
Holy See (Vatican City)
none
Honduras
465 km (navigable by small craft)
Hong Kong
none
Howland Island
none
Hungary
1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997)
Iceland
none
India
16,180 km
note: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels
Indonesia
21,579 km total
note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460
km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Iran
904 km
note: the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for
about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use
Iraq
1,015 km
note: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for
about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris
and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft
boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft
before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war
Ireland
700 km (limited facilities for commercial traffic) (1998)
Israel
none
Italy
2,400 km
note: serves various types of commercial traffic, although of
limited overall value (2002)
Jamaica
none
Jan Mayen
none
Japan
1,770 km approximately
note: seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas
Jarvis Island
none
Jersey
none
Johnston Atoll
none
Jordan
none
Juan de Nova Island
none
Kazakhstan
3,900 km
note: on the Syr Darya (Syrdariya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers
Kenya
NA
note: part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of
Kenya
Kingman Reef
none
Kiribati
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
Korea, North
2,253 km
note: mostly navigable by small craft only
Korea, South
1,609 km
note: restricted to small native craft
Kuwait
none
Kyrgyzstan
600 km (1990)
Laos
4,587 km approximately
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m
Latvia
300 km (perennially navigable)
Lebanon
none
Lesotho
none
Liberia
none
Libya
none
Liechtenstein
none
Lithuania
600 km (perennially navigable)
Luxembourg
37 km (on the Moselle)
Macau
none
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of note: lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
Madagascar of local importance only
Malawi
144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall
Malaysia
7,296 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km
Maldives
none
Mali
1,815 km
Malta
none
Man, Isle of
none
Marshall Islands
none
Martinique
none
Mauritania
note: ferry traffic on the Senegal River
Mauritius
none
Mayotte
none
Mexico 2,900 km note: navigable rivers and coastal canals
Micronesia, Federated States of
none
Midway Islands
none
Moldova
424 km (1994)
Monaco
none
Mongolia
400 km (1999)
Montserrat
none
Morocco
none
Mozambique
3,750 km (navigable routes)
Namibia
none
Nauru
none
Navassa Island
none
Nepal
none
Netherlands
5,046 km (of which 3,745 km are canals)
note: 47% of total route length is usable by craft of
1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger
Netherlands Antilles
none
New Caledonia
none
New Zealand
1,609 km
note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation
requirements
Nicaragua
2,220 km (including 2 large lakes)
Niger
300 km
note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin
frontier from mid-December through March
Nigeria
8,575 km
note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers
and creeks
Niue
none
Norfolk Island
none
Northern Mariana Islands
none
Norway
1,577 km (along west coast)
note: navigable by 2.4 m maximum draft vessels
Oman
none
Pakistan
none
Palau
none
Palmyra Atoll
none
Panama 882 km note: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal
Papua New Guinea
10,940 km
Paracel Islands
none
Paraguay
3,100 km
Peru
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca
Philippines 3,219 km note: limited to vessels with a draft of less than 1.5 m
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
3,812 km (navigable rivers and canals) (1996)
Portugal
820 km
note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by
shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity
Puerto Rico
none
Qatar
none
Reunion
none
Romania
1,724 km (1984)
Russia
95,900 km (total routes in general use)
note: routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet
- 95,900 km; routes with night navigational aids - 60,400 km;
man-made navigable routes - 16,900 km (January 1994)
Rwanda
note: Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native
craft
Saint Helena
none
Saint Kitts and Nevis
none
Saint Lucia
none
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
none
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
none
Samoa
none
San Marino
none
Sao Tome and Principe
none
Saudi Arabia
none
Senegal
897 km
note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
Serbia and Montenegro
587 km
note: the Danube River, central Europe's connection to the Black
Sea, runs through Serbia; since early 2000, a pontoon bridge,
replacing a destroyed conventional bridge, has obstructed river
traffic at Novi Sad; the obstruction is bypassed by a canal system,
but the inadequate lock size limits the size of vessels which may
pass; the pontoon bridge can be opened for large ships but has
slowed river traffic (2001)
Seychelles
none
Sierra Leone
800 km (of which 600 km is navigable year round)
Singapore
none
Slovakia
172 km (all on the Danube)
Slovenia
NA
Solomon Islands
none
Somalia
none
South Africa
NA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
none
Spain
1,045 km (of minor economic importance)
Spratly Islands
none
Sri Lanka
430 km (navigable by shallow-draft craft)
Sudan
5,310 km
Suriname
1,200 km
note: most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with
drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways
Svalbard
none
Swaziland
none
Sweden
2,052 km
note: navigable to small steamers and barges
Switzerland
65 km
note: The Rhine carries heavy traffic on the Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee stretches; there are also 12 navigable lakes
Syria
870 km (minimal economic importance)
Taiwan
NA
Tajikistan
none
Tanzania
note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are
principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on
those lakes
Thailand
4,000 km
note: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with
drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve
shallow-draft native craft
Togo
50 km (Mono river)
Tokelau
none
Tonga
none
Trinidad and Tobago
none
Tromelin Island
none
Tunisia
none
Turkey
1,200 km (approximately)
Turkmenistan
the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for
Turkmenistan, as is the man-made Kara Kum canal
Turks and Caicos Islands
none
Tuvalu
none
Uganda
Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake
Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
Ukraine
4,499 km
note: 1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dniester (Dnister) (1990)
United Arab Emirates
none
United Kingdom
3,200 km
United States 41,009 km note: navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes
Uruguay
1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
Uzbekistan
1,100 km (1990)
Vanuatu
none
Venezuela
7,100 km
note: Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels
Vietnam
17,702 km
note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to
1.8 m draft
Virgin Islands
none
Wake Island
none
Wallis and Futuna
none
West Bank
none
Western Sahara
none
Yemen
none
Zambia
2,250 km
note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
Zimbabwe
chrome ore is transported from Harare - by way of the Mazoe
River - to the Zambezi River in Mozambique
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2094 Judicial branch
Afghanistan
the Bonn Agreement called for the establishment of a
Supreme Court; there is also a Minister of Justice
Albania
Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly
for a four-year term)
Algeria
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
American Samoa
High Court (chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
Andorra
Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the
Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or
Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice
or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Angola
Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by
the president)
Anguilla
High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme
Court)
Antigua and Barbuda
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
Argentina
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court
judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)
Armenia
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)
Aruba
Joint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
monarch)
Australia
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are
appointed by the governor general)
Austria
Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;
Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court
or Verfassungsgerichtshof
Azerbaijan
Supreme Court
Bahamas, The
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts
Bahrain
High Civil Appeals Court
Bangladesh
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)
Barbados
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)
Belarus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)
Belgium
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
monarch, although selected by the Government)
Belize
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor
general on the advice of the prime minister)
Benin
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice
Bermuda
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Bhutan
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch)
Bolivia
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year
terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists of
nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and
Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law
and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities;
note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date)
note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a
number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the
Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska
has five municipal courts
Botswana
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)
Brazil
Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed by the
president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice;
Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life)
British Virgin Islands
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction
Brunei
Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the
monarch for three-year terms)
Bulgaria
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)
Burkina Faso
Supreme Court; Appeals Court
Burma
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive
Burundi
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of
First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local
tribunals)
Cambodia
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority
Cameroon
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly)
Canada
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Cape Verde
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Cayman Islands
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal
Central African Republic
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the
president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts
Chad
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts
Chile
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal
China
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily
military, maritime, and railway transport courts)
Christmas Island
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court
Colombia
four coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of
Justice or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law;
judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of
Justice for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of
administrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of the
Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Constitutional
Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules on
constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and
international treaties); Higher Council of Justice (administers and
disciplines the civilian judiciary; members of the disciplinary
chamber resolve jurisdictional conflicts arising between other
courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for
eight-year terms)
Comoros
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the
president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected
by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of
the republic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Congo, Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Cook Islands
High Court
Costa Rica
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
Cote d'Ivoire
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members
Croatia
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives
Cuba
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)
Cyprus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president
and vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish Cypriot area
Czech Republic
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
Denmark
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
Djibouti
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Dominica
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of
Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)
Dominican Republic
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and
executive branches with the president presiding)
East Timor
Supreme Court of Justice, one judge appointed by the
National Parliament and the rest appointed by the Superior Council
for the Judiciary
Ecuador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected by
the full Supreme Court)
Egypt
Supreme Constitutional Court
El Salvador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly)
Equatorial Guinea
Supreme Tribunal
Eritrea
or High Court, regional, subregional, and village courts;
also have military and special courts
Estonia
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)
Ethiopia
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Faroe Islands
none
Fiji
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of
Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts
Finland
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)
France
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat
French Guiana
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)
French Polynesia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First
Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative
Law or Tribunal Administratif
Gabon
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
Gambia, The
Supreme Court
Georgia
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's recommendation); Constitutional Court
Germany
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)
Ghana
Supreme Court
Gibraltar
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Greece
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council
Greenland
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)
Grenada
West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate
judge resides in Grenada)
Guadeloupe
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique
Guam
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)
Guatemala
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a
president of the Court each year from among their number; the
president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms);
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges
are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving
one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by
Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed
by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San
Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)
Guernsey
Royal Court
Guinea
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Guinea-Bissau
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists
of nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at his
pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);
Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals
for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases
valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not
necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and
misdemeanor criminal cases)
Guyana
Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High
Court
Haiti
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Holy See (Vatican City)
there are three tribunals responsible for
civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other
tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius
XII on 1 May 1946
Honduras
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region
Hungary
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)
Iceland
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices
are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)
India
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and
remain in office until they reach the age of 65)
Indonesia
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the
president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature);
note - the Supreme Court is preparing to assume administrative
responsibility for the lower court system, currently run by the
Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; a separate Constitutional
Court was invested by the president on 16 August 2003
Iran
Supreme Court
Iraq
in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn
regime by US-led coalition
Ireland
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)
Israel
Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)
Italy
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)
Jamaica
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal
Japan
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after
designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the
cabinet)
Jersey
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)
Jordan
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)
Kazakhstan
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)
Kenya
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);
High Court
Kiribati
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges
at all levels are appointed by the president
Korea, North
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)
Korea, South
Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president
with the consent of the National Assembly)
Kuwait
High Court of Appeal
Kyrgyzstan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration
Laos
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)
Latvia
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)
Lebanon
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)
Lesotho
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Court
of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court
Liberia
Supreme Court
Libya
Supreme Court
Liechtenstein
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal
or Obergericht
Lithuania
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
judges for all courts appointed by the President
Luxembourg
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2
district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch
Macau
The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative
Region
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Supreme Court -
Parliament appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - Parliament
appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - Parliament
appoints the judges
Madagascar
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle
Malawi
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Malaysia
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)
Maldives
High Court
Mali
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Malta
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister
Man, Isle of
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)
Marshall Islands
Supreme Court; High Court
Martinique
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Mauritania
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts
Mauritius
Supreme Court
Mayotte
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Mexico
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)
Micronesia, Federated States of
Supreme Court
Moldova
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)
Monaco
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)
Mongolia
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval
by the president)
Montserrat
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)
Morocco
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of
the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)
Mozambique
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a
separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in
its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases
Namibia
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)
Nauru
Supreme Court
Nepal
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)
Netherlands
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)
Netherlands Antilles
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)
New Caledonia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
New Zealand
High Court; Court of Appeal
Nicaragua
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
five-year terms by the National Assembly)
Niger
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Nigeria
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on
the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
Niue
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Norfolk Island
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court;
Federal District Court
Norway
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)
Oman
Supreme Court
note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges
Pakistan
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court
Palau
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas
Panama
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal
Papua New Guinea
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)
Paraguay
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Counsel of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)
Peru
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Philippines
Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president
on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve
until 70 years of age)
Pitcairn Islands
Island Court (island magistrate presides over the
court and is elected every three years)
Poland
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)
Portugal
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Puerto Rico
Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance
composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)
Qatar
Court of Appeal
Reunion
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Romania
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates)
Russia
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of
Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Rwanda
Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts
Saint Helena
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court;
Juvenile Court
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)
Saint Lucia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica,
Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
Samoa
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Land and Titles Court
San Marino
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Sao Tome and Principe
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)
Saudi Arabia
Supreme Council of Justice
Senegal
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial
system was reformed in 1992
Serbia and Montenegro
Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional
Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly
for nine-year terms
note: after the promulgation of the new Constitution, the Federal
Court will have constitutional and administrative functions; it will
have an equal number of judges from each republic
Seychelles
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president
Sierra Leone
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Singapore
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by
the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Slovakia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council);
Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of
nominees approved by the National Council)
Slovenia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)
Solomon Islands
Court of Appeal
Somalia
following the breakdown of national government, most regions
have reverted to either Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for
appeal of all sentences, or traditional clan-based arbitration
South Africa
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts
Spain
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
Sri Lanka
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president
Sudan
Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts
Suriname
Court of Justice (justices are nominated for life)
Swaziland
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch
Sweden
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)
Switzerland
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms
by the Federal Assembly)
Syria
Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for
four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of
Cassation; State Security Courts
Taiwan
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with
consent of the National Assembly; note - beginning in 2003, justices
will be appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative
Yuan)
Tajikistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Tanzania
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court
of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court
(consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)
Thailand
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)
Togo
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Tokelau
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau
Tonga
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief
justice of the Supreme Court)
Trinidad and Tobago
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and
the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the
president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service
Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals the highest
court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Tunisia
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Turkey
Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Court of Appeals and Council of State (judges are elected by the
Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors)
Turkmenistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Turks and Caicos Islands
Supreme Court
Tuvalu
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Uganda
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)
Ukraine
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
United Arab Emirates
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)
United Kingdom
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary
United States
Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for
life by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United
States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and
County Courts
Uruguay
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Uzbekistan
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Vanuatu
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)
Venezuela
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia
(magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single
12-year term)
Vietnam
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)
Virgin Islands
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the
governor for 10-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna
none; justice generally administered under French
law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu
Yemen
Supreme Court
Zambia
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)
Zimbabwe
Supreme Court; High Court
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2095 Labor force
Afghanistan
10 million (2000 est.)
Albania
1.283 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers and
261,000 domestically unemployed) (2000 est.)
Algeria
9.4 million (2001 est.)
American Samoa
14,000 (1996)
Andorra
33,000 (2001 est.)
Angola
5 million (1997 est.)
Anguilla
6,049 (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda
30,000
Argentina
15 million (1999)
Armenia
1.4 million (2001)
Aruba
41,501 (1997 est.)
Australia
9.2 million (37256)
Austria
4.3 million (2001)
Azerbaijan
3.7 million (2001)
Bahamas, The
156,000 (1999)
Bahrain
295,000
note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(1998 est.)
Bangladesh
64.1 million
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman,
Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion
in 1998-99 (1998)
Barbados
128,500 (2001 est.)
Belarus
4.8 million (2000)
Belgium
4.44 million (2001)
Belize
90,000
note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel
Benin
NA
Bermuda
37,472 (2000)
Bhutan
NA
note: massive lack of skilled labor
Bolivia
2.5 million
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.026 million
Botswana
264,000 formal sector employees (2000)
Brazil
79 million (1999 est.)
British Virgin Islands
4,911 (1980)
Brunei
143,400
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary
residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)
Bulgaria
3.83 million (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso
5 million
note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2002)
Burma
23.7 million (1999 est.)
Burundi
3.7 million (2000)
Cambodia
6 million (1998 est.)
Cameroon
NA
Canada
16.4 million (2001 est.)
Cape Verde
NA
Cayman Islands
19,820 (1995)
Central African Republic
NA
Chad
NA
Chile
5.9 million (2000 est.)
China
744 million (2001 est.)
Christmas Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA
Colombia
18.3 million (1999 est.)
Comoros
144,500 (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
14.51 million (1993 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
NA
Cook Islands
8,000 (1996)
Costa Rica
1.9 million (1999)
Cote d'Ivoire
68% agricultural (2000 est.)
Croatia
1.7 million (2001)
Cuba
4.3 million
note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2000 est.)
Cyprus
Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300
(2000)
Czech Republic
5.203 million (1999 est.)
Denmark
2.856 million (2000 est.)
Djibouti
282,000
Dominica
25,000
Dominican Republic
2.3 million - 2.6 million
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
3.7 million (urban)
Egypt
20.6 million (2001 est.)
El Salvador
2.35 million (1999)
Equatorial Guinea
NA
Eritrea
NA
Estonia
608,600 (2001 est.)
Ethiopia
NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,100 (est.)
Faroe Islands
24,250 (October 2000)
Fiji
137,000 (1999)
Finland
2.6 million (2000 est.)
France
26.6 million (2001 est.)
French Guiana
58,800 (1997)
French Polynesia
70,000 (1996)
Gabon
600,000
Gambia, The
400,000
Gaza Strip
NA
Georgia
2.1 million (2001 est.)
Germany
41.9 million (2001)
Ghana
9 million (2000 est.)
Gibraltar
14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Greece
4.37 million (2002 est.)
Greenland
24,500 (1999 est.)
Grenada
42,300 (1996)
Guadeloupe
125,900 (1997)
Guam
60,000 (2000 est.)
Guatemala
4.2 million (1999 est.)
Guernsey
31,322 (2000)
Guinea
3 million (1999)
Guinea-Bissau
480,000
Guyana
418,000 (2001 est.)
Haiti
3.6 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA
Honduras
2.3 million (1997 est.)
Hong Kong
3.52 million (2001 est.)
Hungary
4.2 million (1997)
Iceland
159,000 (2000)
India
406 million (1999)
Indonesia
99 million (1999)
Iran 21 million note: shortage of skilled labor (1998)
Iraq
6.5 million (2002 est.)
Ireland
1.8 million (2001)
Israel
2.5 million (2002 est.)
Italy
23.6 million (2001 est.)
Jamaica
1.13 million (1998)
Japan
67.7 million (December 2001)
Jersey
57,050 (1996)
Jordan
1.36 million (2002)
Kazakhstan
8.4 million (1999)
Kenya
10 million (2001 est.)
Kiribati
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers
Korea, North
9.6 million
Korea, South
22 million (2001)
Kuwait
1.3 million
note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force. (1998
est.)
Kyrgyzstan
2.7 million (2000)
Laos
2.4 million (1999)
Latvia
1.1 million (2001 est.)
Lebanon
1.5 million
note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(2001 est.)
Lesotho
838,000
Libya
1.5 million (2000 est.)
Liechtenstein
29,000 of which 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute
from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (37256)
Lithuania
1.5 million (2001 est.)
Luxembourg
262,300 (of whom 87,400 are foreign cross-border workers
primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)
Macau
214,000 (2002)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
1.1 million (2000 est.)
Madagascar
7.3 million (2000)
Malawi
4.5 million (2001 est.)
Malaysia
9.9 million (2001 est.)
Maldives
88,000 (2000)
Mali
3.93 million (2001 est.)
Malta
160,000 (2002 est.)
Man, Isle of
36,610 (1998)
Marshall Islands
28,698
Martinique
165,900 (1998)
Mauritania
786,000 (2001)
Mauritius
514,000 (1995)
Mayotte
48,800 (2000)
Mexico
39.8 million (2000)
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA
Moldova
1.7 million (1998)
Monaco
30,540 (January 1994)
Mongolia
1.4 million (2001)
Montserrat
4,521 ; note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic
activity
Morocco
11 million (1999)
Mozambique
9.2 million (2000 est.)
Namibia
725,000 (2000)
Nepal 10 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)
Netherlands
7.2 million (2000)
Netherlands Antilles
89,000
New Caledonia
79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)
New Zealand
1.92 million (2001 est.)
Nicaragua
1.7 million (1999)
Niger
70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Nigeria
66 million (1999 est.)
Niue
NA
Norfolk Island
NA
Northern Mariana Islands 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers
Norway
2.4 million (2000 est.)
Oman
920,000 (2002 est.)
Pakistan
40.4 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2000)
Palau
9,845 (2000)
Panama
1.1 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea
2.3 million (1999)
Paraguay
2 million (2000 est.)
Peru
7.5 million (2000 est.)
Philippines
33.7 million (2002)
Pitcairn Islands
12 able-bodied men (1997)
Poland
17.6 million (2000 est.)
Portugal
5.1 million (2000)
Puerto Rico
1.3 million (2000)
Qatar
280,122 (1997 est.)
Reunion
309,900 (2000)
Romania
9.9 million (1999 est.)
Russia
71.8 million (2002 est.)
Rwanda
4.6 million (2000)
Saint Helena 3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
18,172 (June 1995)
Saint Lucia
43,800
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3,261 (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
67,000 (1984 est.)
Samoa
90,000 (2000 est.)
San Marino
18,500 (1999)
Sao Tome and Principe
NA
Saudi Arabia
7 million
note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
Senegal
NA
Serbia and Montenegro
3 million (2001 est.)
Seychelles
30,900 (1996)
Sierra Leone
1.369 million (1981 est.)
Singapore
2.19 million (2000)
Slovakia
3 million (1999)
Slovenia
857,400
Solomon Islands
26,842
Somalia
3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)
South Africa
17 million economically active
Spain
17.1 million (2001)
Sri Lanka
6.6 million (1998)
Sudan
11 million (1996 est.)
Suriname
100,000
Svalbard
NA
Swaziland
383,200 (2000)
Sweden
4.4 million (2000 est.)
Switzerland
4 million (2001)
Syria
5.2 million (2000 est.)
Taiwan
10 million (2003)
Tajikistan
3.187 million (2000)
Tanzania
13.495 million
Thailand
33.4 million (2001 est.)
Togo
1.74 million (1996)
Tokelau
NA
Tonga
33,908 (1996)
Trinidad and Tobago
564,000 (2000)
Tunisia
2.69 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2001 est.)
Turkey
23.8 million
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2001 3rd quarter)
Turkmenistan
2.34 million (1996)
Turks and Caicos Islands
4,848 (1990 est.)
Tuvalu
7,000 (2001 est.)
Uganda
12 million (2001 est.)
Ukraine
22.8 million (yearend 1997)
United Arab Emirates 1.6 million (2000 est.) note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 2002 est.) (2000 est.)
United Kingdom
29.7 million (2001)
United States
141.8 million (includes unemployed) (2001)
Uruguay
1.2 million (2001)
Uzbekistan
11.9 million (1998 est.)
Vanuatu
NA
Venezuela
9.9 million (1999)
Vietnam
38.2 million (1998 est.)
Virgin Islands
49,000 (2002 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
NA
West Bank
NA
Western Sahara
12,000
World
NA
Yemen
NA
Zambia
4.29 million (2000)
Zimbabwe
5.8 million (2000 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2096 Land boundaries (km)
Afghanistan
total: 5,529 km
border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km
Albania
total: 720 km
border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km
Algeria
total: 6,343 km
border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,
Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km
American Samoa
0 km
Andorra
total: 120.3 km
border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Angola
total: 5,198 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of
which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),
Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km
Anguilla
0 km
Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on International disputes
Antigua and Barbuda
0 km
Argentina
total: 9,665 km
border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,
Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km
Armenia
total: 1,254 km
border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km
Aruba
0 km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
0 km
Australia
0 km
Austria
total: 2,562 km
border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366
km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330
km, Switzerland 164 km
Azerbaijan
total: 2,013 km
border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia
(with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran
(with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km
Bahamas, The
0 km
Bahrain
0 km
Baker Island
0 km
Bangladesh total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km
Barbados
0 km
Bassas da India
0 km
Belarus
total: 2,900 km
border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km,
Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km
Belgium
total: 1,385 km
border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km,
Netherlands 450 km
Belize
total: 516 km
border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km
Benin
total: 1,989 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km,
Togo 644 km
Bermuda
0 km
Bhutan
total: 1,075 km
border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km
Bolivia
total: 6,743 km
border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km,
Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 1,459 km
border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km
Botswana
total: 4,013 km
border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe
813 km
Bouvet Island
0 km
Brazil
total: 14,691 km
border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia
1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,
Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
British Indian Ocean Territory
0 km
British Virgin Islands
0 km
Brunei
total: 381 km
border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Bulgaria
total: 1,808 km
border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km,
Turkey 240 km
Burkina Faso
total: 3,193 km
border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km,
Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km
Burma
total: 5,876 km
border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km,
Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km
Burundi
total: 974 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda
290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Cambodia
total: 2,572 km
border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Cameroon
total: 4,591 km
border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km,
Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298
km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Canada total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)
Cape Verde
0 km
Cayman Islands
0 km
Central African Republic
total: 5,203 km
border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic
Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan
1,165 km
Chad
total: 5,968 km
border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197
km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Chile
total: 6,171 km
border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km
China
total: 22,147.34 km
border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km,
Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea
1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia
4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605
km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km
Christmas Island
0 km
Clipperton Island
0 km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
0 km
Colombia
total: 6,004 km
border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km,
Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km
Comoros
0 km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 10,730 km
border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary
of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central
African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda
217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km
Congo, Republic of the
total: 5,504 km
border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African
Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon
1,903 km
Cook Islands
0 km
Coral Sea Islands
0 km
Costa Rica
total: 639 km
border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km
Cote d'Ivoire
total: 3,110 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km,
Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
Croatia
total: 2,197 km
border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km,
Serbia and Montenegro (north) 241 km, Serbia and Montenegro (south)
25 km, Slovenia 670 km
Cuba
total: 29 km
border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km
note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains
part of Cuba
Cyprus
0 km
Czech Republic
total: 1,881 km
border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km,
Slovakia 215 km
Denmark
total: 68 km
border countries: Germany 68 km
Djibouti
total: 516 km
border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
Dominica
0 km
Dominican Republic
total: 360 km
border countries: Haiti 360 km
East Timor
total: 228 km
border countries: Indonesia 228 km
Ecuador
total: 2,010 km
border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km
Egypt
total: 2,665 km
border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km,
Sudan 1,273 km
El Salvador
total: 545 km
border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
Equatorial Guinea
total: 539 km
border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km
Eritrea
total: 1,626 km
border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km
Estonia
total: 633 km
border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km
Ethiopia
total: 5,328 km
border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km,
Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km
Europa Island
0 km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
0 km
Faroe Islands
0 km
Fiji
0 km
Finland
total: 2,628 km
border countries: Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km
France
total: 2,889 km
border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km,
Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km,
Switzerland 573 km
French Guiana total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km
French Polynesia
0 km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
0 km
Gabon
total: 2,551 km
border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km,
Equatorial Guinea 350 km
Gambia, The
total: 740 km
border countries: Senegal 740 km
Gaza Strip
total: 62 km
border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km
Georgia
total: 1,461 km
border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km,
Turkey 252 km
Germany
total: 3,621 km
border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646
km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577
km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
Ghana
total: 2,094 km
border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo
877 km
Gibraltar total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Glorioso Islands
0 km
Greece
total: 1,228 km
border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 246 km
Greenland
0 km
Grenada
0 km
Guadeloupe total: 10.2 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km
Guam
0 km
Guatemala
total: 1,687 km
border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256
km, Mexico 962 km
Guernsey
0 km
Guinea
total: 3,399 km
border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km,
Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km
Guinea-Bissau
total: 724 km
border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km
Guyana
total: 2,462 km
border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
Haiti
total: 360 km
border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
0 km
Holy See (Vatican City)
total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km
Honduras
total: 1,520 km
border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua
922 km
Hong Kong total: 30 km border countries: China 30 km
Howland Island
0 km
Hungary
total: 2,171 km
border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km,
Ukraine 103 km
Iceland
0 km
India
total: 14,103 km
border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463
km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km
Indonesia
total: 2,830 km
border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New
Guinea 820 km
Iran
total: 5,440 km
border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km,
Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq
1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km
Iraq
total: 3,650 km
border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi
Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km
Ireland
total: 360 km
border countries: UK 360 km
Israel
total: 1,017 km
border countries: Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km,
Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km
Italy
total: 1,932.2 km
border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican
City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km
Jamaica
0 km
Jan Mayen
0 km
Japan
0 km
Jarvis Island
0 km
Jersey
0 km
Johnston Atoll
0 km
Jordan
total: 1,635 km
border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km,
Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km
Juan de Nova Island
0 km
Kazakhstan
total: 12,012 km
border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846
km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km
Kenya
total: 3,477 km
border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km,
Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km
Kingman Reef
0 km
Kiribati
0 km
Korea, North
total: 1,673 km
border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km
Korea, South
total: 238 km
border countries: North Korea 238 km
Kuwait
total: 462 km
border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km
Kyrgyzstan
total: 3,878 km
border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870
km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km
Laos
total: 5,083 km
border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km,
Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km
Latvia
total: 1,150 km
border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km,
Russia 217 km
Lebanon
total: 454 km
border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km
Lesotho
total: 909 km
border countries: South Africa 909 km
Liberia
total: 1,585 km
border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone
306 km
Libya
total: 4,348 km
border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km,
Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Liechtenstein
total: 76 km
border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Lithuania
total: 1,273 km
border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km,
Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km
Luxembourg
total: 359 km
border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km
Macau
total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
total: 766 km
border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 221 km
Madagascar
0 km
Malawi
total: 2,881 km
border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Malaysia
total: 2,669 km
border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km
Maldives
0 km
Mali
total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea
858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km,
Senegal 419 km
Malta
0 km
Man, Isle of
0 km
Marshall Islands
0 km
Martinique
0 km
Mauritania
total: 5,074 km
border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km,
Western Sahara 1,561 km
Mauritius
0 km
Mayotte
0 km
Mexico total: 4,353 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km
Micronesia, Federated States of
0 km
Midway Islands
0 km
Moldova
total: 1,389 km
border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Monaco
total: 4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km
Mongolia
total: 8,162 km
border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,485 km
Montserrat
0 km
Morocco
total: 2,017.9 km
border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain
(Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km
Mozambique
total: 4,571 km
border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland
105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Namibia
total: 3,936 km
border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa
967 km, Zambia 233 km
Nauru
0 km
Navassa Island
0 km
Nepal
total: 2,926 km
border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
Netherlands
total: 1,027 km
border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km
Netherlands Antilles
total: 10.2 km
border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km
New Caledonia
0 km
New Zealand
0 km
Nicaragua
total: 1,231 km
border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km
Niger
total: 5,697 km
border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km,
Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Nigeria
total: 4,047 km
border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger
1,497 km
Niue
0 km
Norfolk Island
0 km
Northern Mariana Islands
0 km
Norway
total: 2,544 km
border countries: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km
Oman
total: 1,374 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km
Pakistan
total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912
km, Iran 909 km
Palau
0 km
Palmyra Atoll
0 km
Panama
total: 555 km
border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km
Papua New Guinea
total: 820 km
border countries: Indonesia 820 km
Paracel Islands
0 km
Paraguay
total: 3,920 km
border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km
Peru
total: 5,536 km
border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km,
Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Philippines
0 km
Pitcairn Islands
0 km
Poland
total: 2,788 km
border countries: Belarus 407 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456
km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia
444 km, Ukraine 526 km
Portugal total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km
Puerto Rico 0 km
Qatar total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Reunion
0 km
Romania
total: 2,508 km
border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km,
Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east)
169 km
Russia
total: 19,990 km
border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China
(southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland
1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km,
Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485
km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576
km
Rwanda
total: 893 km
border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km
Saint Helena
0 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0 km
Saint Lucia
0 km
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
0 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0 km
Samoa
0 km
San Marino total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km
Sao Tome and Principe
0 km
Saudi Arabia
total: 4,431 km
border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman
676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km
Senegal
total: 2,640 km
border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau
338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Serbia and Montenegro
total: 2,246 km
border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km,
Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km,
Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km,
Romania 476 km
Seychelles
0 km
Sierra Leone total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Singapore
0 km
Slovakia
total: 1,524 km
border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677
km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km
Slovenia
total: 1,334 km
border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km,
Hungary 102 km
Solomon Islands
0 km
Somalia
total: 2,340 km
border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km
South Africa
total: 4,862 km
border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491
km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
0 km
Spain
total: 1,917.8 km
border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km,
Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km
Spratly Islands
0 km
Sri Lanka
0 km
Sudan
total: 7,687 km
border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km,
Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605
km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km
Suriname total: 1,707 km border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km
Svalbard 0 km
Swaziland
total: 535 km
border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Sweden
total: 2,205 km
border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
Switzerland
total: 1,852 km
border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km,
Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km
Syria
total: 2,253 km
border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon
375 km, Turkey 822 km
Taiwan
0 km
Tajikistan
total: 3,651 km
border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870
km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Tanzania
total: 3,861 km
border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217
km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Thailand
total: 4,863 km
border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km,
Malaysia 506 km
Togo
total: 1,647 km
border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Tokelau
0 km
Tonga
0 km
Trinidad and Tobago
0 km
Tromelin Island
0 km
Tunisia
total: 1,424 km
border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km
Turkey
total: 2,648 km
border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
Turkmenistan
total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379
km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Turks and Caicos Islands
0 km
Tuvalu
0 km
Uganda
total: 2,698 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933
km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Ukraine
total: 4,663 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km,
Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia
1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km
United Arab Emirates
total: 867 km
border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km
United Kingdom
total: 360 km
border countries: Ireland 360 km
United States
total: 12,034 km
border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska),
Mexico 3,141 km
note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and
thus remains part of Cuba; the base boundary is 29 km
Uruguay
total: 1,564 km
border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Uzbekistan
total: 6,221 km
border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km,
Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Vanuatu
0 km
Venezuela
total: 4,993 km
border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km
Vietnam
total: 4,639 km
border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km
Virgin Islands
0 km
Wake Island
0 km
Wallis and Futuna
0 km
West Bank
total: 404 km
border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km
Western Sahara
total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
World
the land boundaries in the world total 250,472 km (not
counting shared boundaries twice)
Yemen
total: 1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
Zambia
total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania
338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Zimbabwe
total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa
225 km, Zambia 797 km
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2097 Land use (%)
Afghanistan
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 87.65% (1998 est.)
Albania
arable land: 21.09%
permanent crops: 4.45%
other: 74.46% (1998 est.)
Algeria
arable land: 3.21%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 96.58% (1998 est.)
American Samoa
arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 10%
other: 85% (1998 est.)
Andorra
arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.78% (1998 est.)
Angola
arable land: 2.41%
permanent crops: 0.4%
other: 97.19% (1998 est.)
Anguilla
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some
commercial salt ponds) (1998 est.)
Antarctica
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (1998 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
arable land: 18.18%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 81.82% (1998 est.)
Argentina
arable land: 9.14%
permanent crops: 0.8%
other: 90.06% (1998 est.)
Armenia
arable land: 17.52%
permanent crops: 2.3%
other: 80.18% (1998 est.)
Aruba
arable land: 10.53% (including aloe 0.01%)
permanent crops: 0%
other: 89.47% (1998 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)
Australia
arable land: 6.88%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 93.09% (1998 est.)
Austria
arable land: 16.89%
permanent crops: 0.99%
other: 82.12% (1998 est.)
Azerbaijan
arable land: 19.31%
permanent crops: 3.04%
other: 77.65% (1998 est.)
Bahamas, The
arable land: 0.6%
permanent crops: 0.4%
other: 99% (1998 est.)
Bahrain
arable land: 4.35%
permanent crops: 4.35%
other: 91.3% (1998 est.)
Baker Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Bangladesh
arable land: 60.7%
permanent crops: 2.61%
other: 36.69% (1998 est.)
Barbados
arable land: 37.21%
permanent crops: 2.33%
other: 60.46% (1998 est.)
Bassas da India
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all rock) (1998 est.)
Belarus
arable land: 29.76%
permanent crops: 0.69%
other: 69.55% (1998 est.)
Belgium
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75%
note: includes Luxembourg (1998 est.)
Belize
arable land: 2.81%
permanent crops: 1.1%
other: 96.09% (1998 est.)
Benin
arable land: 15.28%
permanent crops: 1.36%
other: 83.36% (1998 est.)
Bermuda
arable land: 6%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)
Bhutan
arable land: 2.98%
permanent crops: 0.43%
other: 96.59% (1998 est.)
Bolivia
arable land: 1.73%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 98.06% (1998 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
arable land: 9.8%
permanent crops: 2.94%
other: 87.26% (1998 est.)
Botswana
arable land: 0.61%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.38% (1998 est.)
Bouvet Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (93% ice) (1998 est.)
Brazil
arable land: 6.3%
permanent crops: 1.42%
other: 92.28% (1998 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory
arable land: NEGL
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
British Virgin Islands
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 6.67%
other: 73.33% (1998 est.)
Brunei
arable land: 0.57%
permanent crops: 0.76%
other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Bulgaria
arable land: 39%
permanent crops: 1.8%
other: 59.2% (1998 est.)
Burkina Faso
arable land: 12.43%
permanent crops: 0.18%
other: 87.39% (1998 est.)
Burma
arable land: 14.53%
permanent crops: 0.9%
other: 84.57% (1998 est.)
Burundi
arable land: 29.98%
permanent crops: 12.85%
other: 57.17% (1998 est.)
Cambodia
arable land: 20.96%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 78.43% (1998 est.)
Cameroon
arable land: 12.81%
permanent crops: 2.58%
other: 84.61% (1998 est.)
Canada
arable land: 4.94%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 95.04% (1998 est.)
Cape Verde
arable land: 9.68%
permanent crops: 0.5%
other: 89.82% (1998 est.)
Cayman Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Central African Republic
arable land: 3.1%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 96.76% (1998 est.)
Chad
arable land: 2.78%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 97.2% (1998 est.)
Chile
arable land: 2.65%
permanent crops: 0.42%
other: 96.93% (1998 est.)
China
arable land: 13.31%
permanent crops: 1.2%
other: 85.49% (1998 est.)
Christmas Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100%
note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national
park (1998 est.)
Clipperton Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all coral) (1998 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Colombia
arable land: 1.9%
permanent crops: 1.96%
other: 96.14% (1998 est.)
Comoros
arable land: 34.98%
permanent crops: 17.94%
other: 47.08% (1998 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
arable land: 2.96%
permanent crops: 0.52%
other: 96.52% (1998 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
arable land: 0.5%
permanent crops: 0.13%
other: 99.37% (1998 est.)
Cook Islands
arable land: 17.39%
permanent crops: 13.04%
other: 69.57% (1998 est.)
Coral Sea Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (1998 est.)
Costa Rica
arable land: 4.41%
permanent crops: 5.48%
other: 90.11% (1998 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
arable land: 9.28%
permanent crops: 13.84%
other: 76.88% (1998 est.)
Croatia
arable land: 23.55%
permanent crops: 2.24%
other: 74.21% (1998 est.)
Cuba
arable land: 33.04%
permanent crops: 7.61%
other: 59.35% (1998 est.)
Cyprus
arable land: 10.61%
permanent crops: 4.65%
other: 84.74% (1998 est.)
Czech Republic
arable land: 40%
permanent crops: 3.04%
other: 56.96% (1998 est.)
Denmark
arable land: 55.74%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 44.07% (1998 est.)
Djibouti
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Dominica
arable land: 4%
permanent crops: 16%
other: 80% (1998 est.)
Dominican Republic
arable land: 21.08%
permanent crops: 9.92%
other: 69% (1998 est.)
East Timor
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA%
Ecuador
arable land: 5.69%
permanent crops: 5.15%
other: 89.16% (1998 est.)
Egypt
arable land: 2.85%
permanent crops: 0.47%
other: 96.68% (1998 est.)
El Salvador
arable land: 27.27%
permanent crops: 12.11%
other: 60.62% (1998 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
arable land: 4.63%
permanent crops: 3.57%
other: 91.8% (1998 est.)
Eritrea
arable land: 3.87%
permanent crops: 0.02%
other: 96.11% (1998 est.)
Estonia
arable land: 26.5%
permanent crops: 0.35%
other: 73.15% (1998 est.)
Ethiopia
arable land: 9.9%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 89.45% (1998 est.)
Europa Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (1998 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Faroe Islands
arable land: 2.14%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.86% (1998 est.)
Fiji
arable land: 10.95%
permanent crops: 4.65%
other: 84.4% (1998 est.)
Finland
arable land: 6.98%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 93.01% (1998 est.)
France
arable land: 33.3%
permanent crops: 2.11%
other: 64.59% (1998 est.)
French Guiana
arable land: 0.11% NEGL
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 99.86% (90% forest, 10% other) (1998 est.)
French Polynesia
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 6.01%
other: 92.35% (1998 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Gabon
arable land: 1.26%
permanent crops: 0.66%
other: 98.08% (1998 est.)
Gambia, The
arable land: 19.5%
permanent crops: 0.5%
other: 80% (1998 est.)
Gaza Strip
arable land: 26.32%
permanent crops: 39.47%
other: 34.21% (1998 est.)
Georgia
arable land: 11.21%
permanent crops: 4.09%
other: 84.7% (1998 est.)
Germany
arable land: 33.88%
permanent crops: 0.65%
other: 65.47% (1998 est.)
Ghana
arable land: 15.82%
permanent crops: 7.47%
other: 76.71% (1998 est.)
Gibraltar
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Glorioso Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (1998 est.)
Greece
arable land: 22.12%
permanent crops: 8.47%
other: 69.41% (1998 est.)
Greenland
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Grenada
arable land: 5.88%
permanent crops: 26.47%
other: 67.65% (1998 est.)
Guadeloupe
arable land: 10.65%
permanent crops: 4.14%
other: 85.21% (1998 est.)
Guam
arable land: 10.91%
permanent crops: 10.91%
other: 78.18% (1998 est.)
Guatemala
arable land: 12.54%
permanent crops: 5.03%
other: 82.43% (1998 est.)
Guernsey
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA%
Guinea
arable land: 3.6%
permanent crops: 2.44%
other: 93.96% (1998 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
arable land: 10.67%
permanent crops: 1.78%
other: 87.55% (1998 est.)
Guyana
arable land: 2.44%
permanent crops: 0.08%
other: 97.48% (1998 est.)
Haiti
arable land: 20.32%
permanent crops: 12.7%
other: 66.98% (1998 est.)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)
Honduras
arable land: 15.15%
permanent crops: 3.13%
other: 81.72% (1998 est.)
Hong Kong
arable land: 5.05%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 93.94% (1998 est.)
Howland Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Hungary
arable land: 52.2%
permanent crops: 2.46%
other: 45.34% (1998 est.)
Iceland
arable land: 1%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 28%
forest and woodlands: 1%
other: 70% (2001 est.)
India
arable land: 54.35%
permanent crops: 2.66%
other: 42.99% (1998 est.)
Indonesia
arable land: 9.9%
permanent crops: 7.2%
other: 82.9% (1998 est.)
Iran
arable land: 10.17%
permanent crops: 1.16%
other: 88.67% (1998 est.)
Iraq
arable land: 11.89%
permanent crops: 0.78%
other: 87.33% (1998 est.)
Ireland
arable land: 19.49%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 80.47% (1998 est.)
Israel
arable land: 17.02%
permanent crops: 4.17%
other: 78.81% (1998 est.)
Italy
arable land: 28.07%
permanent crops: 9.25%
other: 62.68% (1998 est.)
Jamaica
arable land: 16.07%
permanent crops: 9.23%
other: 74.7% (1998 est.)
Jan Mayen
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Japan
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 1.01%
other: 86.86% (1998 est.)
Jarvis Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Jersey
arable land: NEGL%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Johnston Atoll
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Jordan
arable land: 2.87%
permanent crops: 1.52%
other: 95.61% (1998 est.)
Juan de Nova Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (90% forest) (1998 est.)
Kazakhstan
arable land: 11.23%
permanent crops: 0.05%
other: 88.72% (1998 est.)
Kenya
arable land: 7.03%
permanent crops: 0.91%
other: 92.06% (1998 est.)
Kingman Reef
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Kiribati
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 50.68%
other: 49.32% (1998 est.)
Korea, North
arable land: 14.12%
permanent crops: 2.49%
other: 83.39% (1998 est.)
Korea, South
arable land: 17.44%
permanent crops: 2.05%
other: 80.51% (1998 est.)
Kuwait
arable land: 0.34%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 99.6% (1998 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
arable land: 7.04%
permanent crops: 0.39%
other: 92.57%
note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut
forest (1998 est.)
Laos
arable land: 3.47%
permanent crops: 0.23%
other: 96.3% (1998 est.)
Latvia
arable land: 29.01%
permanent crops: 0.48%
other: 70.51% (1998 est.)
Lebanon
arable land: 17.6%
permanent crops: 12.51%
other: 69.89% (1998 est.)
Lesotho
arable land: 10.71%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 89.29% (1998 est.)
Liberia
arable land: 1.97%
permanent crops: 2.08%
other: 95.95% (1998 est.)
Libya
arable land: 1.03%
permanent crops: 0.17%
other: 98.8% (1998 est.)
Liechtenstein
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75% (1998 est.)
Lithuania
arable land: 45.46%
permanent crops: 0.93%
other: 53.61% (1998 est.)
Luxembourg
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 75% (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)
Macau
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100%
note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
arable land: 23.59%
permanent crops: 1.85%
other: 74.56% (1998 est.)
Madagascar
arable land: 4.41%
permanent crops: 0.93%
other: 94.66% (1998 est.)
Malawi
arable land: 19.93%
permanent crops: 1.33%
other: 78.74% (1998 est.)
Malaysia
arable land: 5.54%
permanent crops: 17.61%
other: 76.85% (1998 est.)
Maldives
arable land: 3.33%
permanent crops: 6.67%
other: 90% (1998 est.)
Mali
arable land: 3.77%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 96.19% (1998 est.)
Malta
arable land: 31.25%
permanent crops: 3.13%
other: 65.62% (1998 est.)
Man, Isle of
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland)
(1998 est.)
Marshall Islands
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (1998 est.)
Martinique
arable land: 9.43%
permanent crops: 11.32%
other: 79.25% (1998 est.)
Mauritania
arable land: 0.48%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.51% (1998 est.)
Mauritius
arable land: 49.26%
permanent crops: 2.96%
other: 47.78% (1998 est.)
Mayotte
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA% (1998 est.)
Mexico
arable land: 13.2%
permanent crops: 1.1%
other: 85.7% (1998 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
arable land: 5.71%
permanent crops: 45.71%
other: 48.58% (1998 est.)
Midway Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Moldova
arable land: 54.08%
permanent crops: 12.1%
other: 33.82% (1998 est.)
Monaco
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)
Mongolia
arable land: 0.84%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.16% (1998 est.)
Montserrat
arable land: 20%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 80% (1998 est.)
Morocco
arable land: 20.12%
permanent crops: 2.05%
other: 77.83% (1998 est.)
Mozambique
arable land: 3.98%
permanent crops: 0.29%
other: 95.73% (1998 est.)
Namibia
arable land: 0.99%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 99.01% (1998 est.)
Nauru
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Navassa Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Nepal
arable land: 20.27%
permanent crops: 0.49%
other: 79.24% (1998 est.)
Netherlands
arable land: 26.53%
permanent crops: 1.03%
other: 72.44% (1998 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
arable land: 10%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 90% (1998 est.)
New Caledonia
arable land: 0.38%
permanent crops: 0.33%
other: 99.29% (1998 est.)
New Zealand
arable land: 5.8%
permanent crops: 6.44%
other: 87.76% (1998 est.)
Nicaragua
arable land: 20.24%
permanent crops: 2.38%
other: 77.38% (1998 est.)
Niger
arable land: 3.94%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 96.06% (1998 est.)
Nigeria
arable land: 30.96%
permanent crops: 2.79%
other: 66.25% (1998 est.)
Niue
arable land: 19.23%
permanent crops: 7.69%
other: 73.08% (1998 est.)
Norfolk Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands
arable land: 15.22%
permanent crops: 6.52%
other: 78.26% (1998 est.)
Norway
arable land: 2.94%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.06% (1998 est.)
Oman
arable land: 0.08%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 99.7% (1998 est.)
Pakistan
arable land: 27.81%
permanent crops: 0.79%
other: 71.4% (1998 est.)
Palau
arable land: 21.74%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 78.26% (1998 est.)
Palmyra Atoll
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (1998 est.)
Panama
arable land: 6.72%
permanent crops: 2.08%
other: 91.2% (1998 est.)
Papua New Guinea
arable land: 0.13%
permanent crops: 1.35%
other: 98.52% (1998 est.)
Paracel Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Paraguay
arable land: 5.54%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 94.25% (1998 est.)
Peru
arable land: 2.85%
permanent crops: 0.38%
other: 96.77% (1998 est.)
Philippines
arable land: 18.45%
permanent crops: 14.76%
other: 66.79% (1998 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA% (1998 est.)
Poland
arable land: 45.81%
permanent crops: 1.23%
other: 52.96% (1998 est.)
Portugal
arable land: 20.57%
permanent crops: 7.74%
other: 71.69% (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico
arable land: 3.72%
permanent crops: 5.07%
other: 91.21% (1998 est.)
Qatar
arable land: 1.27%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.46% (1998 est.)
Reunion
arable land: 13.2%
permanent crops: 2%
other: 84.8% (1998 est.)
Romania
arable land: 40.57%
permanent crops: 2.4%
other: 57.03% (1998 est.)
Russia
arable land: 7.46%
permanent crops: 0.11%
other: 92.43% (1998 est.)
Rwanda
arable land: 32.43%
permanent crops: 10.13%
other: 57.44% (1998 est.)
Saint Helena
arable land: 12.9%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 87.1% (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 2.78%
other: 80.55% (1998 est.)
Saint Lucia
arable land: 4.92%
permanent crops: 22.95%
other: 72.13% (1998 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
arable land: 13.04%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
arable land: 10.26%
permanent crops: 17.95%
other: 71.79% (1998 est.)
Samoa
arable land: 19.43%
permanent crops: 23.67%
other: 56.9% (1998 est.)
San Marino
arable land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (1998 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
arable land: 2%
permanent crops: 41%
other: 57% (1998 est.)
Saudi Arabia
arable land: 1.72%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 98.22% (1998 est.)
Senegal
arable land: 11.58%
permanent crops: 0.19%
other: 88.23% (1998 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
arable land: 36.34%
permanent crops: 3.44%
other: 60.22% (1998 est.)
Seychelles
arable land: 2.22%
permanent crops: 13.33%
other: 84.45% (1998 est.)
Sierra Leone
arable land: 6.76%
permanent crops: 0.78%
other: 92.46% (1998 est.)
Singapore
arable land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 98.36% (1998 est.)
Slovakia
arable land: 30.74%
permanent crops: 2.64%
other: 66.62% (1998 est.)
Slovenia
arable land: 11.48%
permanent crops: 2.68%
other: 85.84% (1998 est.)
Solomon Islands
arable land: 1.5%
permanent crops: 0.64%
other: 97.86% (1998 est.)
Somalia
arable land: 1.66%
permanent crops: 0.04%
other: 98.3% (1998 est.)
South Africa
arable land: 12.13%
permanent crops: 0.77%
other: 87.1% (1998 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some
sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)
Spain
arable land: 28.6%
permanent crops: 9.56%
other: 61.84% (1998 est.)
Spratly Islands
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Sri Lanka
arable land: 13.43%
permanent crops: 15.78%
other: 70.79% (1998 est.)
Sudan
arable land: 7.03%
permanent crops: 0.08%
other: 92.89% (1998 est.)
Suriname
arable land: 0.37%
permanent crops: 0.06%
other: 99.57%
note: there are 95,000 hectares of arable land, 7,000 hectares of
permanent crops, and 15,000 hectares of permanent pastures (1998
est.)
Svalbard
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and
cloudberry) (1998 est.)
Swaziland
arable land: 9.77%
permanent crops: 0.7%
other: 89.53% (1998 est.)
Sweden
arable land: 6.8%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 93.2% (1998 est.)
Switzerland
arable land: 10.57%
permanent crops: 0.61%
other: 88.82% (1998 est.)
Syria
arable land: 25.96%
permanent crops: 4.08%
other: 69.96% (1998 est.)
Taiwan
arable land: 24%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 75%
Tajikistan
arable land: 5.41%
permanent crops: 0.92%
other: 93.67% (1998 est.)
Tanzania
arable land: 4.24%
permanent crops: 1.02%
other: 94.74% (1998 est.)
Thailand
arable land: 32.88%
permanent crops: 7%
other: 60.12% (1998 est.)
Togo
arable land: 41.37%
permanent crops: 1.84%
other: 56.79% (1998 est.)
Tokelau
arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Tonga
arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06%
other: 33.33% (1998 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
arable land: 14.62%
permanent crops: 9.16%
other: 76.22% (1998 est.)
Tromelin Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (1998 est.)
Tunisia
arable land: 18.67%
permanent crops: 12.87%
other: 68.46% (1998 est.)
Turkey
arable land: 34.53%
permanent crops: 3.36%
other: 62.11% (1998 est.)
Turkmenistan
arable land: 3.47%
permanent crops: 0.14%
other: 96.39% (1998 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
arable land: 2.33%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.67% (1998 est.)
Tuvalu
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Uganda
arable land: 25.34%
permanent crops: 8.77%
other: 65.89% (1998 est.)
Ukraine
arable land: 57.1%
permanent crops: 1.73%
other: 41.17% (1998 est.)
United Arab Emirates
arable land: 0.48%
permanent crops: 0.49%
other: 99.03% (1998 est.)
United Kingdom
arable land: 26.41%
permanent crops: 0.18%
other: 73.41% (1998 est.)
United States
arable land: 19.32%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 80.46% (1998 est.)
Uruguay
arable land: 7.21%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 92.52% (1998 est.)
Uzbekistan
arable land: 10.8%
permanent crops: 0.91%
other: 88.29% (1998 est.)
Vanuatu
arable land: 2.46%
permanent crops: 7.38%
other: 90.16% (1998 est.)
Venezuela
arable land: 2.99%
permanent crops: 0.96%
other: 96.05% (1998 est.)
Vietnam
arable land: 17.41%
permanent crops: 4.71%
other: 77.88% (1998 est.)
Virgin Islands
arable land: 15%
permanent crops: 6%
other: 79% (1998 est.)
Wake Island
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
arable land: 5%
permanent crops: 20%
other: 75% (1998 est.)
West Bank
arable land: NEGL%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
Western Sahara
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (1998 est.)
World
arable land: 10.58%
permanent crops: 1%
other: 88.42% (1998 est.)
Yemen
arable land: 2.75%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 97.04% (1998 est.)
Zambia
arable land: 7.08%
permanent crops: 0.03%
other: 92.89% (1998 est.)
Zimbabwe
arable land: 8.4%
permanent crops: 0.34%
other: 91.26% (1998 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2098 Languages (%)
Afghanistan
Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages
(primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily
Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism
Albania
Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek
Algeria
Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
American Samoa
Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other
Polynesian languages), English
note: most people are bilingual
Andorra
Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Angola
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages
Anguilla
English (official)
Antigua and Barbuda
English (official), local dialects
Argentina
Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French
Armenia
Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%
Aruba
Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch,
English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish
Australia
English, native languages
Austria
German
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other
6% (1995 est.)
Bahamas, The
English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)
Bahrain
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Bangladesh
Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English
Barbados
English
Belarus
Belarusian, Russian, other
Belgium
Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German
(official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)
Belize
English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole
Benin
French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in
south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)
Bermuda
English (official), Portuguese
Bhutan
Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects,
Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects
Bolivia
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian
Botswana
English (official), Setswana
Brazil
Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French
British Virgin Islands
English (official)
Brunei
Malay (official), English, Chinese
Bulgaria
Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic
breakdown
Burkina Faso
French (official), native African languages belonging
to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population
Burma
Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages
Burundi
Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake
Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Cambodia
Khmer (official) 95%, French, English
Cameroon
24 major African language groups, English (official),
French (official)
Canada
English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%
Cape Verde
Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West
African words)
Cayman Islands
English
Central African Republic
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca
and national language), tribal languages
Chad
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more
than 120 different languages and dialects
Chile
Spanish
China
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing
dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan
(Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
(see Ethnic groups entry)
Christmas Island
English (official), Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Malay (Cocos dialect), English
Colombia
Spanish
Comoros
Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of
Swahili and Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
French (official), Lingala (a
lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or
Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of the
French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba
(lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects
(of which Kikongo has the most users)
Cook Islands
English (official), Maori
Costa Rica
Spanish (official), English
Cote d'Ivoire
French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the
most widely spoken
Croatia
Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech,
Slovak, and German)
Cuba
Spanish
Cyprus
Greek, Turkish, English
Czech Republic
Czech
Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German
(small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language
Djibouti
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Dominica
English (official), French patois
Dominican Republic
Spanish
East Timor
Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian,
English
note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole,
Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Ecuador
Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Egypt
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by
educated classes
El Salvador
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial Guinea
Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin
English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo
Eritrea
Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic
languages
Estonia
Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other
Ethiopia
Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic,
other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in
schools)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
English
Faroe Islands
Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Fiji
English (official), Fijian, Hindustani
Finland
Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small
Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities
France
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and
languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque,
Flemish)
French Guiana
French
French Polynesia
French (official), Tahitian (official)
Gabon
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi
Gambia, The
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other
indigenous vernaculars
Gaza Strip
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Georgia
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%,
other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Germany
German
Ghana
English (official), African languages (including Akan,
Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)
Gibraltar
English (used in schools and for official purposes),
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Greece
Greek 99% (official), English, French
Greenland
Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English
Grenada
English (official), French patois
Guadeloupe
French (official) 99%, Creole patois
Guam
English, Chamorro, Japanese
Guatemala
Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially
recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel,
Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guernsey
English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country
districts
Guinea
French (official), each ethnic group has its own language
Guinea-Bissau
Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Guyana
English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu
Haiti
French (official), Creole (official)
Holy See (Vatican City)
Italian, Latin, French, various other
languages
Honduras
Spanish, Amerindian dialects
Hong Kong
Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
Hungary
Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%
Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
India
English enjoys associate status but is the most important
language for national, political, and commercial communication;
Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the
people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu,
Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi,
Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular
variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is
not an official language
Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay),
English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is
Javanese
Iran
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects
26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Iraq
Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian,
Armenian
Ireland
English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic)
spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority,
English most commonly used foreign language
Italy
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige
region are predominantly German speaking), French (small
French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene
(Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Jamaica
English, patois English
Japan
Japanese
Jersey
English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect
spoken in country districts
Jordan
Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and
middle classes
Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official,
used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic
communication") 95% (2001 est.)
Kenya
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous
languages
Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English (official)
Korea, North
Korean
Korea, South
Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high
school
Kuwait
Arabic (official), English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz - official language, Russian - official language
note: in December 2001, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an
official language, equal in status to Kyrgyz
Laos
Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
Latvia
Latvian (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other
Lebanon
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of
which a few can be written and are used in correspondence
Libya
Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the
major cities
Liechtenstein
German (official), Alemannic dialect
Lithuania
Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian
Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative
language), French (administrative language)
Macau
Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonian 70%, Albanian
21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
Madagascar
French (official), Malagasy (official)
Malawi
English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages
important regionally
Malaysia
Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects
(Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil,
Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East
Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest are
Iban and Kadazan
Maldives
Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from
Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Mali
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta
Maltese (official), English (official)
Man, Isle of
English, Manx Gaelic
Marshall Islands
English (widely spoken as a second language, both
English and Marshallese are official languages), two major
Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese
Martinique
French, Creole patois
Mauritania
Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof
(official), French
Mauritius
English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi,
Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Mayotte
Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language)
spoken by 35% of the population
Mexico
Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional
indigenous languages
Micronesia, Federated States of
English (official and common
language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian,
Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Moldova
Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian
language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monaco
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Montserrat
English
Morocco
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the
language of business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambique
Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects
Namibia
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of
the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%,
indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
Nauru
Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language),
English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and
commercial purposes
Nepal
Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a
dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in
government and business also speak English (1995)
Netherlands
Dutch (official language), Frisian (official language)
Netherlands Antilles
Dutch (official), Papiamento (a
Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English
widely spoken, Spanish
New Caledonia
French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
New Zealand
English (official), Maori (official)
Nicaragua
Spanish (official)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Niger
French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani
Niue
Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and
Samoan; English
Norfolk Island
English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century
English and ancient Tahitian
Northern Mariana Islands
English, Chamorro, Carolinian
note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home
Norway
Norwegian (official)
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Oman
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,
Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau
English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral
(Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are
official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)
Panama
Spanish (official), English 14%
note: many Panamanians bilingual
Papua New Guinea
English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread,
Motu spoken in Papua region
note: 715 indigenous languages
Paraguay
Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Philippines
two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and
English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan, Hiligaynon
or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Pitcairn Islands
English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an 18th
century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Poland
Polish
Portugal
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally
used)
Puerto Rico
Spanish, English
Qatar
Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Reunion
French (official), Creole widely used
Romania
Romanian (official), Hungarian, German
Russia
Russian, other
Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French
(official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in
commercial centers
Saint Helena
English
Saint Kitts and Nevis
English
Saint Lucia
English (official), French patois
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
French (official)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
English, French patois
Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian), English
San Marino
Italian
Sao Tome and Principe
Portuguese (official)
Saudi Arabia
Arabic
Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Serbia and Montenegro
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%
Seychelles
English (official), French (official), Creole
Sierra Leone
English (official, regular use limited to literate
minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne
(principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole,
spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10%
of the population but understood by 95%)
Singapore
Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil
(official), English (official)
Slovakia
Slovak (official), Hungarian
Slovenia
Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3%
Solomon Islands
Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua
franca; English is official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the
population
note: 120 indigenous languages
Somalia
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa
11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English,
Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu
Spain
Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%
note: Castilian is the official language nationwide; the other
languages are official regionally
Sri Lanka
Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil
(national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken
competently by about 10% of the population
Sudan
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English
note: program of "Arabization" in process
Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo
(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of
Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca
among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Svalbard
Russian, Norwegian
Swaziland
English (official, government business conducted in
English), siSwati (official)
Sweden
Swedish
note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Switzerland
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%,
Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch (official) 0.6%, other 8.9%
Syria
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian
widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Taiwan
Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Tajikistan
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and
business
Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili
in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce,
administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in
Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people
living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili
is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety
of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the
lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of
most people is one of the local languages
Thailand
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and
regional dialects
Togo
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina
(the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes
spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the
north)
Tokelau
Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Tonga
Tongan, English
Trinidad and Tobago
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish,
Chinese
Tunisia
Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),
French (commerce)
Turkey
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek
Turkmenistan
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks and Caicos Islands
English (official)
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui)
Uganda
English (official national language, taught in grade schools,
used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital
and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraine
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
United Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United Kingdom
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of
Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
United States
English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)
Uruguay
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on
the Brazilian frontier)
Uzbekistan
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Vanuatu
three official languages: English, French, pidgin (known as
Bislama or Bichelama), plus more than 100 local languages
Venezuela
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam
Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a
second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area
languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Virgin Islands
English (official), Spanish, Creole
Wallis and Futuna
French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)
West Bank
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Western Sahara
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
World
Chinese, Mandarin 14.37%, Hindi 6.02%, English 5.61%, Spanish
5.59%, Bengali 3.4%, Portuguese 2.63%, Russian 2.75%, Japanese
2.06%, German, Standard 1.64%, Korean 1.28%, French 1.27% (2000 est.)
note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
Yemen
Arabic
Zambia
English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi,
Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Zimbabwe
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the
Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal
dialects
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2100 Legal system
Afghanistan
the Bonn Agreement calls for a judicial commission to
rebuild the justice system in accordance with Islamic principles,
international standards, the rule of law, and Afghan legal traditions
Albania
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Algeria
socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review
of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of
various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
American Samoa
NA
Andorra
based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review
of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Angola
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law;
recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased
use of free markets
Anguilla
based on English common law
Antarctica
Antarctica is administered through meetings of the
consultative member nations. Decisions from these meetings are
carried out by these member nations (within their areas) in
accordance with their own national laws. US law, including certain
criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may
apply extra-territorially. Some US laws directly apply to
Antarctica. For example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C.
section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the
following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute:
the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of
nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected
areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation
into the US of certain items from Antarctica. Violation of the
Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in
fines and one year in prison. The National Science Foundation and
Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities. Public Law
95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in
1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in
advance, the Office of Oceans, Room 5805, Department of State,
Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as
required by the Antarctic Treaty. For more information, contact
Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science
Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone: (703) 292-8030, or
visit their website at www.nsf.gov.
Antigua and Barbuda
based on English common law
Argentina
mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Armenia
based on civil law system
Aruba
based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law
influence
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
the laws of the Commonwealth of
Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where
applicable, apply
Australia
based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Austria
civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of
legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate
administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Azerbaijan
based on civil law system
Bahamas, The
based on English common law
Bahrain
based on Islamic law and English common law
Baker Island
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Bangladesh
based on English common law
Barbados
English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts
Bassas da India
the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Belarus
based on civil law system
Belgium
civil law system influenced by English constitutional
theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Belize
English law
Benin
based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bermuda
English law
Bhutan
based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bolivia
based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bosnia and Herzegovina
based on civil law system
Botswana
based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial
review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Bouvet Island
the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Brazil
based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
British Indian Ocean Territory
the laws of the UK, where applicable,
apply
British Virgin Islands
English law
Brunei
based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law
supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Bulgaria
civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burkina Faso
based on French civil law system and customary law
Burma
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Burundi
based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cambodia
primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes
from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences
of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing
influence of common law in recent years
Cameroon
based on French civil law system, with common law
influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Canada
based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil
law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Cape Verde
derived from the legal system of Portugal
Cayman Islands
British common law and local statutes
Central African Republic
based on French law
Chad
based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Chile
based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent
codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
note: Chile is in the process of completely overhauling its criminal
justice system; a new, US-style adversarial system is being
gradually implemented throughout the country
China
a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law;
rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal
codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being
made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law
Christmas Island
under the authority of the governor general of
Australia and Australian law
Clipperton Island
the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
based upon the laws of Australia and local
laws
Colombia
based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US
procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Comoros
French and Sharia (Islamic) law in a new consolidated code
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
based on Belgian civil law system
and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Congo, Republic of the
based on French civil law system and
customary law
Cook Islands
based on New Zealand law and English common law
Coral Sea Islands
the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Costa Rica
based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Cote d'Ivoire
based on French civil law system and customary law;
judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Croatia
based on civil law system
Cuba
based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of
Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Cyprus
based on common law, with civil law modifications
Czech Republic
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to
bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal
theory
Denmark
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Djibouti
based on French civil law system, traditional practices,
and Islamic law
Dominica
based on English common law
Dominican Republic
based on French civil codes
East Timor
UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law (2002)
Ecuador
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Egypt
based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic
codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State
(oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
El Salvador
based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Equatorial Guinea
partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom
Eritrea
primary basis is the Ethiopian legal code of 1957, with
revisions; new civil, commercial, and penal codes have not yet been
promulgated; also relies on customary and post-independence-enacted
laws and, for civil cases involving Muslims, Sharia law
Estonia
based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative
acts
Ethiopia
currently transitional mix of national and regional courts
Europa Island
the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
English common law
Faroe Islands
Danish
Fiji
based on British system
Finland
civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may
request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
France
civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of
administrative but not legislative acts
French Guiana
French legal system
French Polynesia
based on French system
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
the laws of France, where
applicable, apply
Gabon
based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme
Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Gambia, The
based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law,
and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Georgia
based on civil law system
Germany
civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review
of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Ghana
based on English common law and customary law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Gibraltar
English law
Glorioso Islands
the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Greece
based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil,
criminal, and administrative courts
Greenland
Danish
Grenada
based on English common law
Guadeloupe
French legal system
Guam
modeled on US; US federal laws apply
Guatemala
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Guernsey
English law and local statute; justice is administered by
the Royal Court
Guinea
based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree;
legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Guinea-Bissau
NA
Guyana
based on English common law with certain admixtures of
Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Haiti
based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
the laws of Australia, where
applicable, apply
Holy See (Vatican City)
based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to
it
Honduras
rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing
influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include
abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial
system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Hong Kong
based on English common law
Howland Island
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Hungary
rule of law based on Western model
Iceland
civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
India
based on English common law; limited judicial review of
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Indonesia
based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Iran
the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government
Iraq
in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn
regime by US-led coalition
Ireland
based on English common law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme
Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Israel
mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations,
and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal
systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that
it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Italy
based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials;
judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Jamaica
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Jan Mayen
the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Japan
modeled after European civil law system with English-American
influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Jarvis Island
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Jersey
English law and local statute; justice is administered by the
Royal Court
Johnston Atoll
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Jordan
based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of
legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Juan de Nova Island
the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Kazakhstan
based on civil law system
Kenya
based on Kenyan statutory law, Kenyan and English common law,
tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional
amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in
1991
Kingman Reef
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
based on German civil law system with Japanese
influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Korea, South
combines elements of continental European civil law
systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought
Kuwait
civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal
matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Kyrgyzstan
based on civil law system
Laos
based on traditional customs, French legal norms and
procedures, and socialist practice
Latvia
based on civil law system
Lebanon
mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and
civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Lesotho
based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial
review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Liberia
dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common
law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten
tribal practices for indigenous sector
Libya
based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate
religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Liechtenstein
local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Lithuania
based on civil law system; legislative acts can be
appealed to the constitutional court
Luxembourg
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Macau
based on Portuguese civil law system
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
based on civil law
system; judicial review of legislative acts
Madagascar
based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy
law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malawi
based on English common law and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Malaysia
based on English common law; judicial review of legislative
acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the
federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Maldives
based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law
primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Mali
based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was
formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Malta
based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Man, Isle of
English common law and Manx statute
Marshall Islands
based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the
legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Martinique
French legal system
Mauritania
a combination of Shari'a (Islamic law) and French civil
law
Mauritius
based on French civil law system with elements of English
common law in certain areas
Mayotte
French law
Mexico
mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system;
judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Micronesia, Federated States of based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Midway Islands
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Moldova
based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews
legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of
resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents
Monaco
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Mongolia
blend of Soviet, German, and US systems of law that
combines aspects of a parliamentary system with some aspects of a
presidential system; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Montserrat
English common law and statutory law
Morocco
based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law
system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional
Chamber of Supreme Court
Mozambique
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Namibia
based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution
Nauru
acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law
Navassa Island
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Nepal
based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Netherlands
civil law system incorporating French penal theory;
constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States
General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Netherlands Antilles
based on Dutch civil law system, with some
English common law influence
New Caledonia
the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy
to the islands; formerly under French law
New Zealand
based on English law, with special land legislation and
land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Nicaragua
civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative
acts
Niger
based on French civil law system and customary law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Nigeria
based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in
some northern states), and traditional law
Niue
English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws
Norfolk Island
based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and
acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either
Australian or Norfolk Island law
Northern Mariana Islands
based on US system, except for customs,
wages, immigration laws, and taxation
Norway
mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law
traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature
when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Oman
based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to
the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Pakistan
based on English common law with provisions to accommodate
Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Palau
based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature,
municipal, common, and customary laws
Palmyra Atoll
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Panama
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative
acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Papua New Guinea
based on English common law
Paraguay
based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes;
judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice
Peru
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Philippines
based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Pitcairn Islands
local island by-laws
Poland
mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover
Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part
of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of
legislative acts, but rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal are
final; court decisions can be appealed to the European Court of
Justice in Strasbourg
Portugal
civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the
constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Puerto Rico
based on Spanish civil code and within the US Federal
system of justice
Qatar
discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although
civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and
personal matters
Reunion
French law
Romania
former mixture of civil law system and communist legal
theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic
Russia
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Rwanda
based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary
law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saint Helena
NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis
based on English common law
Saint Lucia
based on English common law
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
French law with special adaptations for
local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
based on English common law
Samoa
based on English common law and local customs; judicial review
of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the
citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
San Marino
based on civil law system with Italian law influences;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sao Tome and Principe
based on Portuguese legal system and customary
law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Saudi Arabia
based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been
introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Senegal
based on French civil law system; judicial review of
legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State
audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Serbia and Montenegro
based on civil law system
Seychelles
based on English common law, French civil law, and
customary law
Sierra Leone
based on English law and customary laws indigenous to
local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Singapore
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Slovakia
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply
with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Slovenia
based on civil law system
Solomon Islands
English common law, which is widely disregarded
Somalia
no national system; Shari'a and secular courts are in some
localities
South Africa
based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
the laws of the UK,
where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland
Islands presides over the Magistrates Court
Spain
civil law system, with regional applications; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sri Lanka
a highly complex mixture of English common law,
Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sudan
based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January
1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic
law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of
the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate
religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Suriname
based on Dutch legal system incorporating French penal
theory
Svalbard
NA
Swaziland
based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts
and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Sweden
civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Switzerland
civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees
of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Syria
based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious
courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Taiwan
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
Tajikistan
based on civil law system; no judicial review of
legislative acts
Tanzania
based on English common law; judicial review of legislative
acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Thailand
based on civil law system, with influences of common law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Togo
French-based court system
Tokelau
New Zealand and local statutes
Tonga
based on English law
Trinidad and Tobago
based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Tromelin Island
the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Tunisia
based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint
session
Turkey
derived from various European continental legal systems;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Turkmenistan
based on civil law system
Turks and Caicos Islands
based on laws of England and Wales, with a
few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Tuvalu
NA
Uganda
in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one
based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Ukraine
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative
acts
United Arab Emirates
federal court system introduced in 1971; all
emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah are not fully
integrated into the federal system; all emirates have secular and
Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts
United Kingdom
common law tradition with early Roman and modern
continental influences; has judicial review of Acts of Parliament
under the Human Rights Act of 1998; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
United States
based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Uruguay
based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Uzbekistan
evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent
judicial system
Vanuatu
unified system being created from former dual French and
British systems
Venezuela
based on organic laws as of July 1999; open, adversarial
court system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Vietnam
based on communist legal theory and French civil law system
Virgin Islands
based on US laws
Wake Island
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Wallis and Futuna
French legal system
World
all members of the UN plus Switzerland are parties to the
statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or
World Court
Yemen
based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and
local tribal customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Zambia
based on English common law and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Zimbabwe
mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
@2101 Legislative branch
Afghanistan
nonfunctioning as of June 1993
Albania
unicameral People's Assembly or Kuvendi Popullor (140 seats;
100 are elected by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote
for four-year terms)
elections: last held 24 June 2001 with subsequent rounds on 8 July,
22 July, 29 July, 19 August 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - PS 41.5%, PD and
coalition allies 36.8%, NDP 5.2%, PSD 3.6%, PBDNJ 2.6%, PASH 2.6%,
PAD 2.5%; seats by party - PS 73, PD and coalition allies 46, NDP 6,
PSD 4, PBDNJ 3, PASH 3, PAD 3, independents 2
Algeria
bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's
Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (389 seats - changed from
380 seats in the 2002 elections; members elected by popular vote to
serve five-year terms) and the Council of Nations (144 seats;
one-third of the members appointed by the president, two-thirds
elected by indirect vote; members serve six-year terms; the
constitution requires half the council to be renewed every three
years)
elections: National People's Assembly - last held 30 May 2002 (next
to be held NA 2007); Council of Nations - last held 30 December 2000
(next to be held NA 2003)
election results: National People's Assembly - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - FLN 199, RND 48, MRN 43, MSP 38, PT
21, FNA 8, Nahda 1, PRA 1, MEN 1, independents 29; Council of
Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 79,
FLN 12, FFS 4, MSP 1 (remaining 48 seats appointed by the president,
party breakdown NA)
American Samoa
bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of
the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by
popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains
Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats;
members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2002
(next to be held NA November 2004); Senate - last held 7 November
2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party
- NA%; seats by party - independents 18
note: American Samoa elects one nonvoting representative to the US
House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2002 (next
to be held NA November 2004); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA
(Democrat) reelected as delegate
Andorra
unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General
de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote,
14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of
the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 46.1%, PSD 30%, PD
23.8%, other 0.1%; seats by party - PLA 15, PSD 6, PD 5,
independents 2
Angola
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220
seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%,
others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD
3, others 7
Anguilla
unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by
direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members, and 2 appointed; members
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA June 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
ANA 3, AUP 2, ADP 1, independent 1
Antigua and Barbuda
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate
(17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of
Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional
representation to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 9 March 1999 (next
to be held prior to March 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - ALP 53.2%, UPP 45.5%,
independent 1.3%; seats by party - ALP 12, UPP 4, independent 1
Argentina
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists
of the Senate (72 seats; members are elected by direct vote;
presently one-third of the members being elected every two years to
a six-year term) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; members are
elected by direct vote; one-half of the members elected every two
years to a four-year term)
elections: Senate - last held 14 October 2001 (next to be held
intermittently by province before December 2003); Chamber of
Deputies - last held 14 October 2001 (next to be held intermittently
by province before December 2003)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%;
seats by bloc or party - PJ 40, UCR 24, provincial parties 6,
Frepaso 1, ARI 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or
party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - PJ 113, UCR 74, provincial
parties 27, Frepaso 17, ARI 17, AR 9
Armenia
unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin Zhoghov
(131 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year
terms; 75 members selected by direct vote, 56 by party list)
elections: last held 25 May 2003 (next to be held in the spring of
2007)
note: electoral law was changed in 2002 so ratio in next elections
will be 75 deputies elected by party list, 56 by direct election
election results: percent of vote by party - Republican Party 23.5%,
Justice Bloc 13.6%, Rule of Law 12.3%, ARF (Dashnak) 11.4%, National
Unity Party 8.8%, United Labor Party 5.7%; seats by party -
Republican Party 23, Justice Bloc 14, Rule of Law 12, ARF (Dashnak)
11, National Unity 9, United Labor 6; note - seats by party change
frequently as deputies switch parties or announce themselves
independent
Aruba
unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected by
direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 28 September 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - MEP 52.4%, AVP 26.7%,
PPA 9.6%, OLA 5.7%, Aliansa 3.5%, other 2.1%; seats by party - MEP
12, AVP 6, PPA 2, OLA 1
Australia
bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76
seats - 12 from each of the six states and two from each of the two
mainland territories; one-half of the members elected every three
years by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of
Representatives (150 seats - this is up from 148 seats in 2001
election; members elected by popular vote on the basis of
preferential representation to serve three-year terms; no state can
have fewer than five representatives)
elections: Senate - last held 10 November 2001 (next to be held by
February 2005); House of Representatives - last held 10 November
2001 (next to be held by February 2005)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 35, Australian Labor
Party 28, Australian Democrats 8, Green Party 2, One Nation Party 1,
Country Labor Party 1, independent 1; House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal
Party-National Party coalition 82, Australian Labor Party 65,
independent and other 3
Austria
bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of
Federal Council or Bundesrat (64 members; members represent each of
the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at
least three representatives; members serve a four- or six-year term)
and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected
by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: National Council - last held 24 November 2002 (next to be
held in the fall of 2006)
election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - OeVP
42.3%, SPOe 36.9%, FPOe 10.2%, Greens 9%; seats by party - OeVP 79,
SPOe 69, FPOe 19, Greens 16
Azerbaijan
unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 4 November 2000 (next to be held NA November
2005)
note: 100 members of the current parliament were elected on the
basis of single mandate constituencies, while 25 were elected based
on proportional balloting; as a result of a 24 August 2002 national
referendum on changes to the constitution, all 125 members of the
next parliament will be elected from single mandate constituencies
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NAP and allies 108, APF "Reform" 6, CSP 3, PNIA 2, Musavat Party 2,
CPA 2, APF "Classic" 1, Compatriot Party 1
note: PNIA, Musavat, and APF "Classic" parties refused to take their
seats
Bahamas, The
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16-member
body appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime
minister and the opposition leader for five-year terms) and the
House of Assembly (40 seats; members elected by direct popular vote
to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held by May 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 50.8%, FNM 41.1%,
independents 5.2%; seats by party - PLP 29, FNM 7, independents 4
Bahrain
bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members
appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly
elected to serve four-year terms)
elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next
election to be held NA 2006)
election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10
note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National
Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created
bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14
February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25
December 2002
Bangladesh
unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad; 300
seats elected by popular vote from single territorial constituencies
(the constitutional amendment reserving 30 seats for women over and
above the 300 regular parliament seats expired in May 2001); members
serve five-year terms
elections: last held 1 October 2001 (next to be held before October
2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - BNP and alliance
partners 46%, AL 42%; seats by party - BNP 191, AL 62, JI 18, JP
(Ershad faction) 14, IOJ 2, JP (Naziur) 4, other 9; note - the
election of October 2001 brought a majority BNP government aligned
with three other smaller parties - Jamaat-i-Islami, Islami Oikya
Jote, and Jatiya Party (Naziur)
Barbados
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21-member body
appointed by the governor general) and the House of Assembly (30
seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 21 May 2003 (next to be
held by May 2008)
election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - BLP 23, DLP 7
Belarus
bicameral Parliament or Natsionalnoye Sobranie consists of
the Council of the Republic or Soviet Respubliki (64 seats; 56
members elected by regional councils and 8 members appointed by the
president, all for 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Representatives
or Palata Pretsaviteley (110 seats; members elected by universal
adult suffrage to serve 4-year terms)
elections: last held October 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: party affiliation data unavailable; under present
political conditions party designations are meaningless
Belgium
bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in
Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members are directly elected by
popular vote, 31 are indirectly elected; members serve four-year
terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van
Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in
French (150 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on
the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held 18 June 2003
(next to be held in NA May 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - SP.A-Spirit
15.5%, VLD 15.4%, CD & V 12.7%, PS 12.8%, MR 12.1%, VB 9.4%, CDH
5.6%; seats by party - SP.A-Spirit 7, VLD 7, CD & V 6, PS 6, MR 5,
VB 5, CDH 2, other 2 (note - there are also 31 indirectly elected
senators); Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - VLD
15.4%, SP.A-Spirit 14.9%, CD & V 13.3%, PS 13.0%, VB 11.6%, MR
11.4%, CDH 5.5%, Ecolo 3.1%; seats by party - VLD 25, SP.A-Spirit
23, CD & V 21, PS 25, VB 18, MR 24, CDH 8 Ecolo 4, other 2
note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered
devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of
government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a
complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six
governments each with its own legislative assembly; for other
acronyms of the listed parties see the Political parties and leaders
entry
Belize
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (12
members appointed by the governor general - six on the advice of the
prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition,
and one each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and
Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce
and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, and the National
Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee;
members are appointed for five-year terms) and the House of
Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular
vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 5 March 2003 (next
to be held NA March 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
PUP 21, UDP 8
Benin
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Presidential Movement 52, opposition (PRB, PRD, E'toile, and 5 other
small parties) 31
Bermuda
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member
body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and
the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote
to serve five-year terms)
elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held
NA July 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%;
seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Bhutan
unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105
elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies,
and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and
other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)
elections: local elections last held November 2002 (next to be held
NA 2005)
election results: NA
Bolivia
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are
directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are
directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note -
some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)
elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held
30 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - MNR 11, MAS 8, MIR 5, NFR 2, other 1; Chamber
of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNR
36, MAS 27, MIR 26, NFR 25, others 16
Bosnia and Herzegovina
bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or Skupstina
consists of the National House of Representatives or Predstavnicki
Dom (42 seats - elected by proportional representation, 28 seats
allocated from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 14 seats
from the Republika Srpska; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms) and the House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats -
5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb; members elected by the Bosniak/Croat
Federation's House of Representatives and the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly to serve four-year terms); note - Bosnia's
election law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order
administrative division entity legislatures
elections: National House of Representatives - elections last held 5
October 2002 (next to be held in NA 2006); House of Peoples - last
constituted NA January 2003 (next to be constituted in 2007)
election results: National House of Representatives - percent of
vote by party/coalition - SDA 21.9%, SDS 14.0%, SBiH 10.5%, SDP
10.4%, SNSD 9.8%, HDZ 9.5%, PDP 4.6%, others 19.3%; seats by
party/coalition - SDA 10, SDS 5, SBiH 6, SDP 4, SNSD 3, HDZ 5, PDP
2, others 7; House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition -
NA%; seats by party/coalition - NA
note: the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral legislature that
consists of a House of Representatives (98 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 5
October 2002 (next to be held NA October 2006); percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 32, HDZ-BiH 16, SDP 15,
SBiH 15, other 20; and a House of Peoples (60 seats - 30 Bosniak, 30
Croat); last constituted December 2002; the Republika Srpska has a
National Assembly (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to
serve four-year terms); elections last held 5 October 2002 (next to
be held in the fall of 2006); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party/coalition - SDS 26, SNSD 19, PDP 9, SDA 6, SRS 4, SPRS 3,
DNZ 3, SBiH 4, SDP 3, others 6; as a result of the 2002
constitutional reform process, a 28-member Republika Srpska Council
of Peoples (COP) was established in the Republika Srpska National
Assembly; each constituent nation and "others" will have eight
delegates
Botswana
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a
largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the
eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members
selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44
seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are
appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999
(next to be held NA October 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 54.3%, BNF 24.7%,
other 21%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1
Brazil
bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of
the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members from
each state or federal district elected according to the principle of
majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected after a
four-year period, two-thirds elected after the next four-year
period) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos Deputados (513
seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve
four-year terms)
elections: Federal Senate - last held 6 October 2002 for two-thirds
of the Senate (next to be held NA October 2006 for one-third of the
Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 6 October 2002 (next to be
held NA October 2006)
election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party PMBD 19, PFL 19, PT 14, PSDB 11, PDT 5, PSB 4, PL 3,
PTB 3, PPS 1, PSD 1, PPB 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - PT 91, PFL 84, PMDB 74, PSDB 71, PPB
49, PL 26, PTB 26, PSB 22, PDT 21, PPS 15, PCdoB 12, PRONA 6, PV 5,
other 11
British Virgin Islands
unicameral Legislative Council (13 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote, one member from each of
9 electoral districts, four at-large members; members serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held 16 May 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NDP 8, VIP 5
Brunei
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a
privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats;
members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962
note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by
decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being
considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are
unlikely for several years
Bulgaria
unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sobranie (240
seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 17 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NMS2 42.74%, UtdDF
18.18%, CfB 17.15%, MRF 7.45%; seats by party - NMS2 120, UtdDF 51,
CfB 48, MRF 21; note - seating as of March 2003 - NMS2 110, UtdDF
50, CfB 48, MRF 20, independents 12
Burkina Faso
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
(111 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: National Assembly election last held 5 May 2002 (next to
be held NA May 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
CDP 57, RDA-ADF 17, PDP/PS 10, CFD 5, PAI 5, others 17
Burma
unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NLD 392, SNLD 23, NUP 10, other 60
Burundi
bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee
Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the
transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54
seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely
serve out the three-year transition period)
elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in
1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections
are planned to follow the completion of the three-year transitional
government)
election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA
21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16,
civilians 27, other parties 13
Cambodia
bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the
Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected
by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional
constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be
held in July 2007); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held
in 2004)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP
47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73,
FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (2003)
Cameroon
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180
seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year
terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term
of the legislature)
elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21
note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the
legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Canada
bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or
Senat (members appointed by the governor general with the advice of
the prime minister and serve until reaching 75 years of age; its
normal limit is 105 senators) and the House of Commons or Chambre
des Communes (301 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to
serve for up to five-year terms)
elections: House of Commons - last held 27 November 2000 (next to be
held by 2005)
election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party -
Liberal Party 41%, Canadian Alliance 26%, Bloc Quebecois 11%, New
Democratic Party 9%, Progressive Conservative Party 12%; seats by
party - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38,
New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12; note -
percent of vote by party as of January 2002 - Liberal Party 51%,
Canadian Alliance 10%, Bloc Quebecois 10%, New Democratic Party 9%,
Progressive Conservative Party 18%; seats by party - Liberal Party
172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party
13, Progressive Conservative Party 12
Cape Verde
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December
2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%,
ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Cayman Islands
unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three
appointed members from the Executive Council and 15 elected by
popular vote; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November
2004)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
Central African Republic
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee
Nationale (109 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms; note - there were 85 seats in the National Assembly
before the 1998 election)
elections: last held 22-23 November and 13 December 1998 (next to be
held NA 2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - MLPC 43%, RDC 18%, MDD
9%, FPP 6%, PSD 5%, ADP 4%, PUN 3%, FODEM 2%, PLD 2%, UPR 1%, FC 1%,
independents 6%; seats by party - MLPC 47, RDC 20, MDD 8, FPP 7, PSD
6, ADP 5, PUN 3, FODEM 2, PLD 2, UPR 1, FC 1, independents 7
Chad
bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National
Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified,
members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable
every two years)
elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be
held in NA April 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, others 11
Chile
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of
the Senate or Senado (49 seats, 38 elected by popular vote, 9
designated members, and 2 former presidents who serve six-year terms
and are senators for life); elected members serve eight-year terms
(one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or
Camara de Diputados (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote
to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 16 December 2001 (next to be held NA
December 2005); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 December 2001
(next to be held NA December 2005)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - CPD 20 (PDC 12, PS 5, PPD 3), APC 16 (UDI 9, RN 7),
independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - CPD 62 (PDC 24, PPD 21, PS 11, PRSD 6), UDI
35, RN 22, independent 1
China
unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin
Daibiao Dahui (2,985 seats; members elected by municipal, regional,
and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2002-NA February 2003 (next to be
held late 2007-NA February 2008)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA
Christmas Island
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)
elections: last held NA December 2002 (next to be held NA December
2003)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
unicameral Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire
Council (7 seats)
Colombia
bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or
Senado (102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de
Representantes (166 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 10 March 2002 (next to be held NA
March 2006); House of Representatives - last held 10 March 2002
(next to be held NA March 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - PL 28, PSC 13, independents and smaller parties (many
aligned with conservatives) 61; House of Representatives - percent
of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PL 54, PSC 21, independents
and other parties 91
Comoros
unicameral Assembly of the Union (30 seats; half the
deputies are selected by the individual islands' local assemblies
and the other half by universal suffrage; deputies serve for five
years) note - elections for the former legislature, the Federal
Assembly, dissolved in 1999, where held on 1 and 8 December 1996;
the next elections for the Assembly of the Union were scheduled to
be held in April 2003 but have yet to occur
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
a 300-member Transitional
Constituent Assembly established in August 2000
elections: NA; members of the Transitional Constituent Assembly were
appointed by former President Laurent Desire KABILA
Congo, Republic of the
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate
(66 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms) and the National Assembly (137 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 11 July 2002 (next to be held NA July
2007); National Assembly - last held 27 May and 26 June 2002 (next
to be held by NA May 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - FDP 56, other 10; National Assembly - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - FDP 83, UDR 6, UPADS 3, other 45
Cook Islands
unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 16 June 1999 (next to be held by NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
CIP 12, DAP 12, NAP 1
note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters and
maintains considerable influence, but has no legislative powers
Costa Rica
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa
(57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held 3 February 2002 (next to be held 3 February
2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
PUSC 19, PLN 17, PAC 14, PML 6, PRC 1
Cote d'Ivoire
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
(225 seats; members are elected in single- and multi-district
elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: elections last held 10 December 2000 with by-elections on
14 January 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
FPI 96, PDCI-RDA 94, RDR 5, PIT 4, other 2, independents 22, vacant 2
note: a Senate is scheduled to be created in the next full election
in 2005
Croatia
unicameral Assembly or Sabor (152 seats; note - one seat was
added in the November Parliamentary elections; members elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms); note - House of Counties was
abolished in March 2001
elections: Assembly - last held 23 November 2003 (next to be held in
2007)
election results: Assembly (then referred to as the House of
Representatives) - percent of vote by party - HDZ 43.4%, SDP 23%,
HNS 7.4%, HSS 6.57%, HSP 6%; seats by party - HDZ 66, SDP 34, HNS
10, HSS 9, HSP 7; note - these are preliminary results
Cuba
unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea
Nacional del Poder Popular (609 seats, elected directly from slates
approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year
terms)
elections: last held 19 January 2003 (next to be held in 2008)
election results: percent of vote - PCC 97.6%; seats - PCC 609
Cyprus
unicameral - Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives or
Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24
to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots
are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms); Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet
Meclisi (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)
elections: Greek Cypriot area: last held 27 May 2001 (next to be
held NA May 2006); Turkish Cypriot area: last held 6 December 1998
(next to be held NA December 2003)
election results: Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - AKEL 34.71%, DISY 34%, DIKO 14.84%, KISOS
6.51%, others 9.94%; seats by party - AKEL (Communist) 20, DISY 19,
DIKO 9, KISOS 4, others 4; Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the
Republic - percent of vote by party - UBP 40.3%, DP 22.6%, TKP
15.4%, CTP 13.4%, UDP 4.6%, YBH 2.5%, BP 1.2%; seats by party - UBP
24, DP 13, TKP 7, CTP 6
Czech Republic
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the
Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the
Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held in two rounds 25-26 October and 1-2
November 2002 (next to be held NA November 2004); Chamber of
Deputies - last held 14-15 June 2002 (next to be held by NA June
2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - ODS 26, KDU-CSL 14, CSSD 11, US 9, KSCM 3, independents 18;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 30.2%, ODS
24.5%, KSCM 18.5%, KDU-CSL & US-DEU coalition 14.3%, other minor
12.5%; seats by party - CSSD 70, ODS 58, KSCM 41, KDU-CSL 21, US-DEU
10
Denmark
unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2
from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by
popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held 20 November 2001 (next to be held by November
2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Liberal Party 56, Social Democrats 52, Danish People's Party 22,
Conservative Party 16, Socialist People's Party 12, Social Liberal
Party 9, Christian People's Party 4, Unity List 4; note - does not
include the 2 seats from Greenland and the 2 seats from the Faroe
Islands
Djibouti
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65
seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held NA January
2008)
election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats -
RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Dominica
unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed
senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 31 January 2000 (next to be held by 17 July
2005) note - tradition dictates that the election will be held
within five years of the last election, but technically it is five
years from the first seating of parliament (17 April 2000) plus a 90
day grace period
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party
-DLP 10, UWP 9, DFP 2
Dominican Republic
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional
consists of the Senate or Senado (30 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies
or Camara de Diputados (149 seats; members are elected by popular
vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held NA May
2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 2002 (next to be held
NA May 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - PRD 24, PLD 3, PRSC 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote
by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 83, PLD 49, PRSC 17
East Timor
unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary,
minimum requirement of 52 and a maximum of 65 seats; members elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - for its first term
of office, the National Parliament is comprised of 88 members on an
exceptional basis
elections: last held 30 August 2001 (next to be held NA August 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 57.37%, PD
8.72%, PSD 8.18%, ASDT 7.84%, UDT 2.36%, PNT 2.21%, KOTA 2.13%, PPT
2.01%, PDC 1.98%, PST 1.78%, independents/other 5.42%; seats by
party - FRETILIN 55, PD 7, PSD 6, ASDT 6, PDC 2, UDT 2, KOTA 2, PNT
2, PPT 2, UDC/PDC 1, PST 1, PL 1, independent 1
Ecuador
unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (100
seats; members are popularly elected by province to serve four-year
terms)
elections: last held 20 October 2002 (next to be held NA October
2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PSC 25, PRE 15, ID 16, PRIAN 10, PSP 9, Pachakutik Movement 6, MPD
5, DP 4, PS 3, independents 7; note - defections by members of
National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in
the numbers of seats held by the various parties
Egypt
bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis
al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by
the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory
Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative
role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the
president; members serve NA-year terms)
elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19
October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November
2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)
election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP
88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP
7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2;
Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents
1%; seats by party - NA
El Salvador
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa
(84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve
three-year terms)
elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
FMLN 31, ARENA 27, PCN 16, PDC 5, CD 5
Equatorial Guinea
unicameral House of People's Representatives or
Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS
5%; seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1
note: opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the
House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative
elections
Eritrea
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; term limits not
established)
elections: in May 1997, following the adoption of the new
constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old
Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member
Constituent Assembly, that had been established in 1997 to discuss
and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans
living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to
serve as the country's legislative body until countrywide elections
to a National Assembly were held; although only 75 of 150 members of
the Transitional National Assembly were elected, the constitution
stipulates that once past the transition stage, all members of the
National Assembly will be elected by secret ballot of all eligible
voters; National Assembly elections scheduled for December 2001 were
postponed indefinitely
Estonia
unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 2 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - Center Party 25.4%, Res
Publica 24.6%, Reform Party 17.7%, Estonian People's Union 13%, Pro
Patria Union (Fatherland League) 7.3% People's Party Moodukad 7%;
seats by party - Center Party 28, Res Publica 28, Reform Party 19,
Estonian People's Union 13, Pro Patria Union 7, People's Party
Moodukad 6
Ethiopia
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation or
upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies to
serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives or
lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular
vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - OPDO 177,
ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10,
ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional
political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed
note: irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations
necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies;
voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
unicameral Legislative Council (10
seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve
four-year terms); presided over by the governor
elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November
2005)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8;
note - 71% voter turnout
Faroe Islands
unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (32 seats;
members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis from the
seven constituencies to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 30 April 2002 (next to be held no later than
April 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - Union Party 26%,
Republican Party 23.7%, Social Democrats 20.9%, People's Party 20.8%
Home Rule Party 4.4%, Center Party 4.2%; seats by party - Union
Party 8, Republican Party 8, Social Democrats 7, People's Party 7,
Home Rule Party 1, Center Party 1
note: election of 2 seats to the Danish Parliament was last held on
20 November 2001 (next to be held no later than November 2005);
results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Republican
Party 1, Union Party 1
Fiji
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (34 seats; 24
appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the
president, and one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House
of Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19
reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups,
one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the
whole of Fiji, and 25 open seats; members serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 25 August through 1
September, 19 September 2001 (next to be held not later than
September 2006)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by
party - FLP 34.8%, SDL 26%, NFP 10.1%, MV 9.9%, independents 2.7%,
other 16.5%; seats by party - NA
Finland
unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are
elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year
terms)
elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - Kesk 24.7%, SDP 24.5%,
Kok 18.5%, VAS 9.9%, VIHR 8%, KD 5.3%, SFP 4.6%; seats by party -
Kesk 55, SDP 53, Kok 40, VAS 19, VIHR 14, KD 7, SFP 8, others 4
France
bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or
Senat (321 seats - 296 for metropolitan France, 13 for overseas
departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad;
members are indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve
nine-year terms; elected by thirds every three years) and the
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats; members are
elected by popular vote under a single-member majoritarian system to
serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA
September 2004); National Assembly - last held 8-16 June 2002 (next
to be held NA June 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - RPR 83, PS 68, UDF 37, DL 35, RDES 16, PCF 16, other 66;
National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
UMP 355, PS 140, UDF 29, PCF 21, Radical Party 7, Greens 3, other 22
French Guiana
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be
held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to
be held NA 2004)
election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - PSG 5, various left-wing parties 5, independents 7,
other 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%,
various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari
Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6,
independents 3, Walwari Committee 2
note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998
(next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French
National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007);
results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP/RPR
1, Walwari Committee 1
French Polynesia
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee
Territoriale (49 seats - changed from 41 seats for May 2001
election; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: last held 6 May 2001 (next to be held NA May 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 28, Independent Front for
the Liberation of Polynesia 13, New Fatherland Party 7, other 1
note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on NA September 1998
(next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - NA; two seats were elected to the
French National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA
2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
UMP/RPR 1, UMP 1
Gabon
bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (91 seats;
members elected by members of municipal councils and departmental
assemblies) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120
seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve
five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held 9 and 23 December 2001
(next to be held NA December 2006); Senate - last held 26 January
and 9 February 1997 (next to be held in January 2004)
election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - PDG 86, RNB-RPG 8, PGP 3, ADERE 3, CLR 2, PUP
1, PSD 1, independents 13, others 3; Senate - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 53, RNB 20, PGP 4, ADERE 3, RDP 1,
CLR 1, independents 9
Gambia, The
unicameral National Assembly (53 seats; 48 elected by
popular vote, five appointed by the president; members serve
five-year terms)
elections: last held 17 January 2002 (next to be held NA January
2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
APRC 45, PDOIS 2, NRP 1,
Georgia
unicameral Supreme Council (commonly referred to as
Parliament) or Umaghiesi Sabcho (235 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 2 November 2003 but results were invalidated
(next to be held spring 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party (from earlier 1999
elections) - CUG 41.7%, AGUR 25.2%, IWSG 7.1%, all other parties
received less than 7% each; seats by party - CUG 130, AGUR 64, IWSG
15, Labor 2, Abkhaz (government-in-exile) deputies 12, independents
12
Germany
bicameral Parliament or parlament consists of the Federal
Assembly or Bundestag (603 seats; elected by popular vote under a
system combining direct and proportional representation; a party
must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain
representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal
Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly
represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on population
and are required to vote as a block)
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 22 September 2002 (next to
be held NA September 2006); note - there are no elections for the
Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the
state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the
potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election
election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD
38.5%, CDU/CSU 38.5%, Alliance '90/Greens 8.6%, FDP 7.4%, PDS 4%;
seats by party - SPD 251, CDU/CSU 248, Alliance '90/Greens 55, FDP
47, PDS 2; Federal Council - current composition - NA
Ghana
unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by
direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December
2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4
Gibraltar
unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by
popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio
members; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later
than NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%;
seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Greece
unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: elections last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held by NA
May 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PASOK 43.8%, ND 42.7%,
KKE 5.5%, Coalition of the Left and Progress 3.2%; seats by party -
PASOK 158, ND 125, KKE 11, Coalition of the Left and Progress 6;
note - seats by party as of January 2002 - PASOK 156, ND 122, KKE
11, Coalition of the Left and Progress 6, independents 5
Greenland
unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members
are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional
representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 3 December 2002 (next to be held by NA
December 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 28.7%, Inuit
Ataqatigiit 25.5%, Atassut Party 20.4%, Demokratiit 15.6%,
Katusseqatigiit 5.3%; seats by party - Siumut 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit
8, Atassut 7, Demokratiit 5, Katusseqatigiit 1
note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or
Folketing on 20 November 2001 (next to be held no later than
November 2005); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Siumut 1, Inuit Ataqatigiit 1
Grenada
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 13-member
body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the
opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 27 November 2003 (next to be held by NA
November 2008)
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - NNP 8, NDC 7
Guadeloupe
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (42 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the
unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members
are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held 22 March 1998 (next to be
held by NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next
to be held NA 2004)
election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - left-wing candidates 11, PS 8, RPR 8, PPDG 6,
right-wing candidates 5, PCG 3, UDF 1; Regional Council - percent of
vote by party - RPR 48.03%, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 24.49%, PCG
5.29%, diverse right parties 5.73%; seats by party - RPR 25,
PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 12, PCG 2, diverse right parties 2
note: Guadeloupe elects two representatives to the French Senate;
elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September
2004); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, FGPS
1; Guadeloupe elects four representatives to the French National
Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held
NA 2007); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 2, PS
1, different right parties 1
Guam
unicameral Legislature (15 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held 2 November
2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Democratic Party 9, Republican Party 6
note: Guam elects one nonvoting delegate to the US House of
Representatives; election last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held
NA November 2004); results - Madeleine BORDALLO (Democratic Party)
was elected as delegate; percent of vote by party - Democratic Party
64.6%, Republican Party 35.4%; seats by party - Democratic Party 1
Guatemala
unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la
Republica (140 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held 9 November 2003 (next to be held NA November
2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
GANA 49, FRG 42, UNE 33, PAN 16
note: for the 9 November 2003 election, the number of congressional
seats increased to 140 from 113
Guernsey
unicameral Assembly of the States; consists of the bailiff,
10 Douzaine (parish council) representatives, 45 people's deputies
elected by popular vote, 2 representatives from Alderney, Her
Majesty's Procureur (Attorney General), Her Majesty's Comptroller
(Solicitor General) and Her Majesty's Greffier (Court Recorder and
Registrar General); note - Alderney and Sark have their own
parliaments
elections: last held 12 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents
Guinea
unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 30 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 61.6%, UPR 26.6%,
other 11.8%; seats by party - PUP 85, UPR 20, other 9
Guinea-Bissau
unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia
Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve a maximum of four years); note - President YALA dissolved the
National People's Assembly in November 2002, elections for a new
legislature were scheduled to fall in February 2003 but were then
postponed to April, then July, and were last scheduled to occur in
September 2003
elections: last held 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA September
2003)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PRS 37, RGB 27, PAIGC 25, 11 remaining seats went to 5 of the
remaining 10 parties that fielded candidates
Guyana
unicameral National Assembly (68 seats, 65 elected by popular
vote, 1 elected Speaker of the National Assembly, and 2 nonvoting
members appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1
Haiti
bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of
the Senate (27 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber
of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000,
with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; seven seats
still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November
2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21
May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one
vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote
by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, MOCHRENA 3, PLB 2, OPL 1,
vacant 1, other minor parties and independents 3
Holy See (Vatican City)
unicameral Pontifical Commission
Honduras
unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128
seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes
their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year
terms)
elections: last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held NA November
2005)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PN
61, PL 55, PUD 5, PDC 4, PINU-SD 3
Hong Kong
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (60 seats; 30
indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 24 elected by
popular vote, and 6 elected by an 800-member election committee;
members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 September 2000 (next to be held in September
2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Democratic Party 12, Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong
Kong 10, Liberal Party 7, Frontier Party 5, Hong Kong Progressive
Alliance 4, New Century Forum 2, Hong Kong Association for Democracy
and People's Livelihood 1, independents 19
Hungary
unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats;
members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional
and direct representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 7 and 21 April 2002 (next to be held NA April
2006)
election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote
required for parliamentary representation in the first round) -
Fidesz/MDF 48.70%, MSzP 46.11%, SzDSz 4.92%, other 0.27%; seats by
party - Fidesz 164, MSzP 178, MDF 24, SzDSz 20
Iceland
unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 May 2003 (next to be held by May 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party
33.7%, Social Democratic Alliance 31.0%, Progressive Party 17.7%,
Left-Green Alliance 8.8%, Liberal Party 7.4%; seats by party -
Independence Party 22, Social Democratic Alliance 20, Progressive
Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 5, Liberal Party 4
India
bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of
States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of not more than 250
members, up to 12 of which are appointed by the president, the
remainder are chosen by the elected members of the state and
territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the
People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 elected by popular
vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)
elections: People's Assembly - last held 5 September through 3
October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - BJP
alliance 40.8%, Congress (I) alliance 33.8%, other 25.4%; seats by
party - BJP alliance 304, Congress (I) alliance 134, other 107
Indonesia
unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan
Rakyat (DPR) (500 seats; 462 elected by popular vote, 38 are
appointed military representatives until 2004 election when military
seats expire; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 7 June 1999 (next to be held April 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDI-P 37.4%, Golkar
20.9%, PKB 17.4%, PPP 10.7%, PAN 7.3%, PBB 1.8%, other 4.5%; seats
by party - PDI-P 154, Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 14,
other 30; note - subsequent to the election, there has been a change
in the distribution of seats; the new distribution is: PDI-P 153,
Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 13, other 32
Iran
unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or
Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami (290 seats, note - changed from 270 seats
with the 18 February 2000 election; members elected by popular vote
to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 18 February 2000 with a runoff held 5 May 2000
(next to be held February 2004)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - reformers
189, conservatives 54, independents 42, seats reserved for religious
minorities 5
Iraq
in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn
regime by US-led coalition
Ireland
bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate or
Seanad Eireann (60 seats - 49 elected by the universities and from
candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are nominated
by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and the House
of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members are elected
by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve
five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 16 and 17 July 2002 (next to be held
by July 2007); House of Representatives - last held 17 May 2002
(next to be held by May 2007)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - Fianna Fail 30, Fine Gael 15, Labor Party 5, Progressive
Democrats 4, independents and others 6; House of Representatives -
percent of vote by party - Fianna Fail 41.5%, Fine Gael 22.5%, Labor
Party 10.8%, Sinn Fein 6.5%, Progressive Democrats 4.0%, Green Party
3.8%, others 10.9%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 81, Fine Gael 31,
Labor Party 21, Progressive Democrats 8, Green Party 6, Sinn Fein 5,
others 14
Israel
unicameral Knesset or parliament (120 seats; members elected
by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 28 January 2003 (next to be held fall of 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - Likud Party 29.4%,
Labor 14.5%, Shinui 12.3%, Shas 8.2%, National Union 5.5%, Meretz
5.2%, United Torah Judaism 4.3%, National Religious Party 4.2%,
Democratic Front for Peace and Equality 3.0%, One Nation 2.8%,
National Democratic Alliance 2.3%, YBA 2.2%, United Arab List 2.1%,
Green Leaf Party 1.2%, Herut 1.2%, other 1.6%; seats by party -
Likud 38, Labor 19, Shinui 15, Shas 11, National Union 7, Meretz 6,
National Religious Party 6, United Torah Judaism 5, Democratic Front
for Peace and Equality 3, One Nation 3, National Democratic Alliance
3, YBA 2, United Arab List 2
Italy
bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or
Senato della Repubblica (315 seats elected by popular vote of which
232 are directly elected and 83 are elected by regional proportional
representation; in addition, there are a small number of
senators-for-life including former presidents of the republic;
members serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera
dei Deputati (630 seats; 475 are directly elected, 155 by regional
proportional representation; members serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006);
Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - House of Liberties 177 (Forza Italia 82, National Alliance
46, CCD-CDU 29, Northern League 17, others 3), Olive Tree 128
(Democrats of the Left 62, Daisy Alliance 42, Sunflower Alliance 16,
Italian Communist Party 3, independents 5), non-affiliated with
either coalition 10, senators for life 9; Chamber of Deputies -
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties
367 (Forza Italia 189, National Alliance 96, CCD-CDU 40, Northern
League 30, others 12), Olive Tree 248 (Democrats of the Left 138,
Daisy Alliance 76, Sunflower Alliance 18, Italian Communist Party 9,
independents 7), non-affiliated with either coalition 15
Jamaica
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member
body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the
prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is
allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and
the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 16 October 2002 (next to be held NA October
2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 52%, JLP 47.3%;
seats by party - PNP 34, JLP 26
Japan
bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors
or Sangi-in (247 seats - members elected for six-year terms; half
reelected every three years; 149 members in multi-seat
constituencies and 98 by proportional representation); House of
Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for
four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members by
proportional representation in 11 regional blocs)
elections: House of Councillors - last held 29 July 2001 (next to be
held in July 2004); House of Representatives - last held 9 November
2003 (next election has not been scheduled)
election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - LDP 110, DPJ 59, Komeito 23, JCP 20, SDP 8,
Liberal Party 8, Conservative Party 5, independents 14; distribution
of seats as of July 2001 was: LDP 115, DPJ 60, Komeito 24, JCP 20,
SDP 8, Liberal Party 8 (merged with DPJ in 2003), independents 6,
others 6; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - LDP
49.38%, DPJ 36.88%, Komeito 7.09%, JCP 1.88%, SDP 1.25%, NCP .84%;
seats by party - LDP 237, DPJ 177, Komeito 34, JCP 9, SDP 6, NCP 4,
others 13; distribution of seats as of 13 November 2003 was: LDP
244, DPJ 177, Komeito 34, JCP 9, SDP 6, others 10
Jersey
unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12
senators (elected for 6-year terms), 12 constables or heads of
parishes (elected for 3-year terms), 29 deputies (elected for 3-year
terms); the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members
- the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor
General all appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52
Jordan
bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of
the Senate, also called the House of Notables (Majlis al-Ayan) (40
seats; members appointed by the monarch from designated categories
of public figures; members serve four-year terms) and the House of
Representatives, also called the House of Deputies (Majlis
al-Nuwaab) (110 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis
of proportional representation to serve four-year terms; note - six
seats are reserved for women and are allocated by a special
electoral panel if no women are elected)
elections: House of Representatives - last held 17 June 2003, next
to be held NA 2007
election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by
party - independents and others 89.6%, Islamic Action Front 10.4%;
seats by party - independents and others 92, Islamic Action Front 18
(note - one of the six quota seats was given to a female IAF
candidate)
note: the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved
by the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989, the first
parliamentary elections in 22 years were held; political parties
were not legalized until 1992; King Abdallah delayed the 2001
elections until 2003
Kazakhstan
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (39 seats -
previously 47 seats; 7 senators are appointed by the president;
other members are popularly elected, two from each of the 14
oblasts, the capital of Astana, and the city of Almaty, to serve
six-year terms) and the Majilis (77 seats; 10 out of the 77 Majilis
members are elected from the winning party's lists; members are
popularly elected to serve five-year terms)
elections: Senate - (indirect) last held 17 September 1999 (next to
be held NA December 2005); Majilis - last held 10 and 24 October and
26 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)
election results: note - the election results are for the old Senate
structure; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NA; 16 seats up for election in 1999, candidates nominated by local
councils; Majilis - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Otan 23, Civic Party 13, Communist Party 3, Agrarian Party 3,
People's Cooperative Party 1, independents 34; note - most
independent candidates are affiliated with parastatal enterprises
and other pro-government institutions
Kenya
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (224 seats; 210 members
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called
"nominated" members who are appointed by the president but selected
by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals, 2
ex-officio members)
elections: last held 27 December 2002 (next to be held by early 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NARC 125, KANU 64, FORD-P 14, other 7; ex-officio 2; seats appointed
by the president - NARC 7, KANU 4, FORD-P 1
Kiribati
unicameral House of Parliament or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (42
seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member - the
attorney general, one appointed to represent Banaba, and one other;
members serve four-year terms)
elections: first round elections last held 29 November 2002; second
round elections held 6 December 2002 (next to be held by November
2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
BTK 17, MTM 16, independents 7, other 2 (includes attorney general)
note: new legislative elections were held in two rounds - the first
round on 9 May 2003 and the second round on 14 May 2003
Korea, North
unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin
Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)
elections: last held 3 August 2003 (next to be held in August 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
NA; the KWP approves a list of candidates who are elected without
opposition; some seats are held by minor parties
Korea, South
unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (273 seats total
- 227 elected by direct, popular vote; members serve four-year
terms); note - beginning in 2004, all members will be directly
elected; possible redistricting before 2004 may affect the number of
seats in the National Assembly
elections: last held 13 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2004)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
GNP 133, MDP 115, ULD 17, other 8; note - the distribution of seats
as of April 2003 was: GNP 153, MDP 101, ULD 11, DPP 1, PPR 1,
independents 5; one seat vacant
Kuwait
unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (50 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 6 July 2003 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - Islamists 21,
government supporters 14, liberals 3, and independents 12; note -
all cabinet ministers are also ex officio members of the National
Assembly
Kyrgyzstan
bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of
the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the
Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote
to serve five-year terms)
elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20
February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005);
Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next
to be held NA February 2005)
election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of
vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly -
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total
seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of
Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4,
independents 73, other 10
note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995
elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of
People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly
Laos
unicameral National Assembly (109 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - total number of seats
increased from 99 to 109 for the 2002 election)
elections: last held 24 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
LPRP or LPRP-approved (independent, non-party members) 109