History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time

Name: History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time
Author: William Whewell

by William Whewell

Read History of the inductive sciences, from the earliest to the present time by William Whewell online, free: 176 chapters, public domain, on Papyras.

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Preface to the Third Edition
Index of Proper Names
Index of Technical Terms
Introduction
Book I
Chapter I. Prelude to the Greek School Philosophy
Chapter II. The Greek School Philosophy
Chapter III. Failure of the Physical Philosophy of the Greek Schools
Book II
Introduction
Chapter I. Earliest Stages of Mechanics and Hydrostatics
Chapter II. Earliest Stages of Optics
Chapter III. Earliest Stages of Harmonics
Book III
Introduction
Chapter I. Earliest Stages of Astronomy
Chapter II. Prelude to the Inductive Epoch of Hipparchus
Chapter III. Inductive Epoch of Hipparchus
Chapter IV. Sequel to the Inductive Epoch of Hipparchus
Book IV
Introduction
Chapter I. On the Indistinctness of Ideas of the Middle Ages
Chapter II. The Commentatorial Spirit of the Middle Ages
Chapter III. Of the Mysticism of the Middle Ages
Chapter IV. Of the Dogmatism of the Stationary Period
Chapter V. Progress of the Arts in the Middle Ages
Book V
Introduction
Chapter I. Prelude to the Inductive Epoch of Copernicus
Chapter II. Induction of Copernicus.—The Heliocentric Theory asserted on formal grounds
Chapter III. Sequel to Copernicus.—The Reception and Development of the Copernican Theory
Chapter IV. Inductive Epoch of Kepler
Chapter V. Sequel to the epoch of Kepler. Reception, Verification, and Extension of the Elliptical Theory
Book VI
Introduction
Chapter I. Prelude to the Epoch of Galileo
Chapter II. Inductive Epoch of Galileo.—Discovery of the Laws of Motion in Simple Cases
Chapter III. Sequel to the Epoch of Galileo.—Period of Verification and Deduction
Chapter IV. Discovery of the Mechanical Principles of Fluids
Chapter V. Generalization of the Principles of Mechanics
Chapter VI. Sequel to the Generalization of the Principles of Mechanics.—Period of Mathematical Deduction.—Analytical Mechanics
Book VII
Chapter I. Prelude to the Inductive Epoch of Newton
Chapter II. The Inductive Epoch of Newton.—Discovery of the Universal Gravitation of Matter, according to the Law of the Inverse Square of the Distance
Chapter III. Sequel to the Epoch of Newton.—Reception of the Newtonian Theory
Chapter IV. Sequel to the Epoch of Newton, continued.—Verification and Completion of the Newtonian Theory
Chapter V. Discoveries added to the Newtonian Theory
Chapter VI. The Instruments and Aids of Astronomy during the Newtonian Period
Introduction
Chapter II. The Greek Schools
Chapter III. Failure of the Greek Physical Philosophy
Book II
Introduction
Chapter I. Earliest Stages of Astronomy
General Remarks
Chapter V. Progress in the Middle Ages
Chapter I. Prelude to Copernicus
Chapter II. The Copernican Theory
Chapter III. Sequel to Copernicus
Chapter III. Principles and Problems
Chapter I. Prelude to Newton
Chapter III. The Principia
Chapter IV. Verification and Completion of the Newtonian Theory
Chapter VI. Sect. 1. Instruments. —2. Clocks
Book VIII
Introduction
Chapter I. Prelude to the Solution of Problems in Acoustics
Chapter II. Problem of the Vibrations of Strings
Chapter III. Problem of the Propagation of Sound
Chapter IV. Problem of different Sounds of the same String
Chapter V. Problem of the Sounds of Pipes
Chapter VI. Problem of Different Modes of Vibration of Bodies in General
Book IX
Introduction
Chapter I. Primary Induction of Optics.—Rays of Light and Laws of Reflection
Chapter II. Discovery of the Law of Refraction
Chapter III. Discovery of the Law of Dispersion by Refraction
Chapter IV. Discovery of Achromatism
Chapter V. Discovery of the Laws of Double Refraction
Chapter VI. Discovery of the Laws of Polarization
Chapter VII. Discovery of the Laws of the Colours of Thin Plates
Chapter VIII. Attempts to discover the Laws of other Phenomena
Chapter IX. Discovery of the Laws of Phenomena of Dipolarized Light
Chapter X. Prelude to the Epoch of Young and Fresnel
Chapter XI. Epoch of Young and Fresnel
Chapter XII. Sequel to the Epoch of Young and Fresnel. Reception of the Undulatory Theory
Chapter XIII. Confirmation and Extension of the Undulatory Theory
Book X
Introduction
Chapter I. The Doctrines of Conduction and Radiation
Chapter II. The Laws of Changes occasioned by Heat
Chapter III. The Relation of Vapor and Air
Chapter IV. Physical Theories of Heat
Book XI
Introduction
Chapter 1. Discovery of Laws of Electric Phenomena
Chapter II. The Progress of Electrical Theory
Book XII
Chapter I. Discovery of Laws of Magnetic Phenomena
Chapter II. Progress of Magnetic Theory
Book XIII
Chapter I. Discovery of Voltaic Electricity
Chapter II. Reception and Confirmation of the Discovery of Voltaic Electricity
Chapter III. Discovery of the Laws of the Mutual Attraction and Repulsion of Voltaic Currents.—Ampère
Chapter IV. Discovery of Electro-magnetic Action.—Oersted
Chapter V. Discovery of the Laws of Electro-magnetic Action
Chapter VI. Theory of Electrodynamical Action
Chapter VII. Consequences of the Electrodynamic Theory
Chapter VIII. Discovery of the Laws of Magneto-Electric Induction.—Faraday
Chapter IX. Transition to Chemical Science
Book XIV
Chapter I. Improvement of the Notion of Chemical Analysis, and Recognition of it as the Spagiric Art
Chapter II. Doctrine of Acid and Alkali.—Sylvius
Chapter III. Doctrine of Elective Attractions. Geoffroy. Bergman
Chapter IV. Doctrine of Acidification and Combustion.—Phlogistic Theory
Chapter V. Chemistry of Gases.—Black. Cavendish
Chapter VI. Epoch of the Theory of Oxygen.—Lavoisier
Chapter VII. Application and Correction of the Oxygen Theory
Chapter VIII. Theory of Definite, Reciprocal, and Multiple Proportions
Chapter IX. Epoch of Davy and Faraday
Chapter X. Transition from the Chemical to the Classificatory Sciences
Book XV
Introduction
Chapter I. Prelude to the Epoch of De Lisle and Haüy
Chapter II. Epoch of Romé De Lisle and Haüy.—Establishment of the Fixity of Crystalline Angles, and the Simplicity of the Laws of Derivation
Chapter III. Reception and Corrections of the Hauïan Crystallography
Chapter IV. Establishment of the Distinction of Systems of Crystallization.—Weiss and Mohs
Chapter V. Reception and Confirmation of the Distinction of Systems of Crystallization
Chapter VI. Correction of the Law of the same Angle for the same Substance
Chapter VII. Attempts to Establish the Fixity of other Physical Properties.—Werner
Chapter VIII. Attempts at the Classification of Minerals
Chapter IX. Attempts at the Reform of Mineralogical Systems.—Separation of the Chemical and Natural History Methods
Book XVI
Introduction
Chapter I. Imaginary Knowledge of Plants
Chapter II. Unsystematic Knowledge of Plants
Chapter III. Formation of a System of Arrangement of Plants
Chapter IV. The Reform of Linnæus
Chapter V. Progress towards a Natural System of Botany
Chapter VI. The Progress of Systematic Zoology
Chapter VII. The Progress of Ichthyology
Book XVII
Introduction
Chapter I. Discovery of the Organs of Voluntary Motion
Chapter II. Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood
Chapter III. Discovery of the Motion of the Chyle, and consequent Speculations
Chapter IV. Examination of the Process of Reproduction in Animals and Plants, and Consequent Speculations
Chapter V. Examination of the Nervous System, and Consequent Speculations
Chapter VI. Introduction of the Principle of Developed and Metamorphosed Symmetry
Chapter VII. Progress of Animal Morphology
Chapter VIII. The Doctrine of Final Causes in Physiology
Book XVIII
Introduction
Chapter I. Prelude to Systematic Descriptive Geology
Chapter II. Formation of Systematic Descriptive Geology
Chapter III. Sequel to the Formation of Systematic Descriptive Geology
Chapter IV. Attempts to Discover General Laws in Geology
Chapter V. Inorganic Geological Dynamics
Chapter VI. Progress of the Geological Dynamics of Organized Beings
Chapter VII. Progress of Physical Geology
Chapter VIII. The Two Antagonist Doctrines of Geology
Chapter III. Sound
Book IX
Chapter XIII. Undulatory Theory
Chapter III. The Relation of Vapour and Air
Chapter IV. Theories of Heat
General Remarks
Book XII
Chapter VII. Magneto-electric Induction
Chapter IX. The Electro-chemical Theory
Book XV
Botany
Zoology
Vegetable Morphology
Chapter VII. Animal Morphology
Book XVIII

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