Appendix III

List of Important Suffixes

I. DERIVATION OF NOUNS.

(i.) TOR (-SOR), M.
-TRIX, F. Agent or doer of an action

ac-tor = doer, formed from √ag = do.

auc-tor = maker „ √aug = increase.

vic-tor = conqueror „ √vic = conquer.

petī-tor = candidate „ √pet = seek.

ton-sor = barber „ √tem = cut.

(ii.) Abstract Nouns and Names of Actions.

-OR, -SUS (= -TUS), M.

-ĒS, -IA (-IES), -TIA (-TIES), -IŌ, -TIŌ,
-TĀS, -TŪS, -TŪDŌ, -DŌ, -GŌ, -NIA, F.

-US, -IUM, -ITIUM, -NIUM, -LIUM, -CINIUM, N.

tĭm-or = fear formed from tĭm-ere = to fear.

sen-sus = feeling „ sent-ire = to feel.

sēd-ēs = seat „ sĕd-ēre = to sit.

audāc-ia = boldness „ audax = bold.

segnĭt-ies = laziness „ segnis = lazy.

tristĭ-tia = sadness „ tristis = sad.

lĕg-io = a collecting
a legion „ lĕg-ere = to collect.

sălūtā-tio = a greeting „ salutare = to greet.

bŏnĭ-tas = goodness „ bonus = good.

sĕnec-tūs = age „ senex = old.

magni-tudo = greatness „ magnus = great.

cupī-dō = desire „ cupere = to desire.

vertī-go = a turning
giddiness „ vertere = to turn.

pĕcū-nia

= money (chattels)

„ pecus = cattle.

gĕn-us = race, birth „ √gen = to be born.

auspĭc-ium = an omen „ auspex = a soothsayer.
avis + spicio

gaud-ium = joy „ gaudēre = to rejoice.

lā̆tro-cinium = robbery „ latro = robber.

auxĭ-lium = help „ augēre = to increase.

(iii.) Nouns denoting acts, or means and results of acts.

-MŌNIA, F.; -MEN, -MENTUM, -MŌNIUM, N.

quĕri-monia = complaint, formed from quĕri = to complain.

ag-men = line of march
band

formed from agere √ag = to lead.

mŏnŭ-mentum = a memorial, formed from mon-ēre = to remind.

nō-men = a name formed from √gno = to know.

(iv.) Nouns denoting means or instrument.

-BŬLUM, -CŬLUM, -BRUM, -CRUM, -TRUM, N.

stā-bulum = stall formed from stare = to stand.

vĕhĭ-cŭlum = wagon „ vehere = to carry.

sĕpul-crum = tomb „ sepelīre = to bury.

ărā-trum = plough „ arāre = to plough.

II. DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES.

(i.) Adjectives expressing diminution, and used as Diminutive Nouns.

-ŬLUS, -ŎLUS, -CŬLUS, -ELLUS, -ILLUS.

rīv-ulus = a streamlet formed from rīvus = a brook.

fīlĭ-olus = a little son „ filius = a son.

mūnus-culum = a little gift „ munus = a gift.

cōdic-illi = writing tablets „ codex = a block of wood.

lĭb-ellus = a little book „ lĭber = a book.

(ii.) Patronymics, indicating descent or relationship.

-ADES, -ĬDES, -ĪDES, -EUS, M.

-AS, -IS, -EIS, F.

Atlanti-adēs = Mercury
Atlant-idĕs = the Pleiads formed from Atlas.

Tȳd-īdēs = Diomedes „ Tydeus.

Cissē-is = Hecuba „ Cisseus.

(iii.) Adjectives meaning full of, prone to.

-ŌSUS, -LENS, -LENTUS.

form-ōsus = beautiful formed from forma = beauty.

pesti-lens = pestilent „ pestis = plague.

vĭŏ-lentus = violent „ vis = force.

(iv.) Adjectives meaning provided with.

-TUS, -ĀTUS, -ĪTUS, -ŪTUS.

fūnes-tus = deadly formed from funus (funer-) = death.

barb-ātus = bearded „ barba = a beard.

turr-ītus = turreted „ turris = a tower.

corn-ūtus = horned „ cornu = a horn.

(v.) Adjectives meaning made of or belonging to, or pertaining to.

-EUS, -ĬUS, -ĀNEUS, -TĬCUS,
-ĀLIS, -ĀRIS, -ĪLIS, -ŪLIS,
-ĀNUS, -ĒNUS, -ĪNUS, -ENSIS,
-TER (-TRIS), -ESTER (-ESTRIS), -TĬMUS,
-ERNUS, -URNUS, -TURNUS (-TERNUS).

aur-eus = golden formed from aurum = gold.

patr-ius = paternal „ pater = a father.

subterr-aneus = subterranean „

sub terrā = under­ground.

dŏmes-ticus = domestic „ domus = a house.

nātūr-ālis = natural „ natura = nature.

pŏpŭl-aris = fellow-countryman „ populus = a people.

vĕtĕr-ānus = veteran „ vetus (veter-) = old.

sĕr-ēnus

= calm, of evening stillness

„ serus = late.

dīv-īnus = divine „ divus = god.

fŏr-ensis = of the forum „

forum = a market-place.

lac-teus = milky „ lac (lacti-) = milk.

subl-icius = resting on piles „ sublica = a pile.

pălus-ter = marshy „ palūs = a marsh.

silv-ester = woody „ silva = a wood.

fīnĭ-timus = neighbouring „ finis = a boundary.

ver-nus = vernal „ vēr = spring.

dĭ-urnus = daily „ dies = day.

diū-turnus = lasting „ diū = long (time).

(vi.) Adjectives expressing the action of the Verb as a quality or tendency.

-AX, -ĬDUS, -ŬLUS, -VUS (-UUS, -ĪVUS, -TĪVUS).

pugn-ax = pugnacious formed from pugnare = to fight.

cŭp-idus = eager „ cupere = to desire.

bĭb-ulus

= thirsty (of sand etc.)

„ bibere = to drink.

nŏc-uus = hurtful „ nocēre = to hurt.

cap-tivus = captive „ capere = to take.

(vii.) Adjectives expressing passive qualities but occasionally active.

-ILIS, -BĬLIS, -ĬUS, -TĪLIS.

frăg-ilis = frail formed from frangere √frag = to break.

nō-bilis = well known „ noscere √gno = to know.

exĭm-ius = choice, rare „ eximere = take out.

tex-tilis = woven „ texere = to weave.

(viii.) Adjectives originally gerundives.

-NDUS, -BUNDUS, -CUNDUS.

sĕcu-ndus

= second (the following)

favourable formed from sequi = to follow.

mŏrĭ-bundus = dying „ mori = to die.

fā-cundus = eloquent „ fa-ri = to speak.

III. NOUNS WITH ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES.

-ĀRIUS, denotes person employed about anything.
argent-ārius = silversmith, banker formed from argentum = silver.

-ĀRIUM, denotes place of a thing.
aer-arium = treasury formed from aes = copper.

-ĪLE denotes stall of an animal.

bŏv-īle = cattle-stall formed from bōs (bŏv-) = ox.

ŏv-īle = sheep-fold „ ovis = sheep.

-ĒTUM denotes place where a tree or plant grows.
querc-ētum = oak-grove formed from quercus = an oak.

IV. DERIVATION OF VERBS.

(i.) From Nouns and Adjectives.

stĭmŭlo, -āre = to goad, incite formed from stimulus = a goad.

nŏvo, -āre = to renew „ novus = new.

vĭgĭlo, -āre = to watch „ vigil = awake.

albeo, -ēre = to be white „ albus = white.

mĕtuo, -ere = to fear „ metus = fear.

ăcuo, -ere = to sharpen „ acus = needle.

mōlior, -īri = to toil „ moles = mass.

custōdio, -īre = to guard „ custos (custod-) = guardian.

(ii.) Verbs from other Verbs.

-SCO denotes the beginning of an action. (Third Conjugation.)

lăbā-sco = begin to totter formed from labo = totter.

mītē-sco = grow mild „ mītis = mild.

-TO, -ĬTO, (rarely -SŌ), -ESSO, denote forcible or repeated action.

iac-to, -ăre = hurl formed from iacio = throw.

quas-so, āre = shatter „ quatio = shake.

făc-esso, -ĕre = do (with energy) „ facio = do.

-TŬRIO (-SŬRIO) denotes longing or wishing.

par-turio, -īre = produce
to bring forth formed from pario = bring forth.

ē-surio (= ed-turio) = to be hungry

„ edo = to eat.