List of Abbreviations Used in This Dictionary (part 2)

Off, of, adv. from: away from: on the opposite side of a question.—adj. most distant: on the opposite or farther side: on the side of a cricket-field right of the wicket-keeper and left of the bowler: not devoted to usual business, as an Off day.—prep. not on.—interj. away! depart!—adj. and adv. Off′-and-on′, occasional.—adj. Off′-col′our, of inferior value: indisposed.—n. Off′-come (Scot.), an apology, pretext: any exhibition of temper, &c.—adv. Off′-hand, at once: without hesitating.—adj. without study: impromptu: free and easy.—adj. Off′ish, reserved in manner.—ns. Off′-print, a reprint of a single article from a magazine or other periodical—the French tirage à part, German Abdruck; Off′-reck′oning, an allowance formerly made to certain British officers from the money appropriated for army clothing.—v.t. Off′saddle, to unsaddle.—ns. Off′scouring, matter scoured off: refuse: anything vile or despised; Off′-scum, refuse or scum; Off′set (in accounts), a sum or value set off against another as an equivalent: a short lateral shoot or bulb: a terrace on a hillside: (archit.) a horizontal ledge on the face of a wall: in surveying, a perpendicular from the main line to an outlying point.—v.t. (in accounts) to place against as an equivalent.—n. Off′shoot, that which shoots off from the main stem, stream, &c.: anything growing out of another.—adv. Off′shore, in a direction from the shore, as a wind: at a distance from the shore.—adj. from the shore.—ns. Off′side, the right-hand side in driving: the farther side; Off′spring, that which springs from another: a child, or children: issue: production of any kind.—Off one's chump, head, demented; Off one's feed, indisposed to eat.—Be off, to go away quickly; Come off, Go off, Show off, Take off, &c. (see Come, Go, Show, Take, &c.); Ill off, poor or unfortunate; Tell off, to count: to assign, as for a special duty; Well off, rich, well provided. [Same as Of.]

Offal, of′al, n. waste meat: the part of an animal which is unfit for use: refuse: anything worthless. [Off and fall.]

Offend, of-fend′, v.t. to displease or make angry: to do harm to: to affront: (B.) to cause to sin.—v.i. to sin: to cause anger: (B.) to be made to sin.—n. Offence′, any cause of anger or displeasure: an injury: a crime: a sin: affront: assault.—adjs. Offence′ful (Shak.) giving offence or displeasure: injurious; Offence′less (Milt.), unoffending: innocent.—ns. Offend′er, one who offends or injures: a trespasser: a criminal:—fem. Offend′ress; Offense′, &c., same as Offence, &c.—adj. Offens′ive, causing offence, displeasure, or injury: used in attack: making the first attack.—n. the act of the attacking party: the posture of one who attacks.—adv. Offens′ively.—n. Offens′iveness.—Offensive and defensive, requiring all parties to make war together, or to defend each other if attacked.—Give offence, to cause displeasure; Take offence, to feel displeasure, be offended. [Fr.,—L. ob, against, fendĕre, to strike.]

Offer, of′ėr, v.t. to bring to or before: to hold out for acceptance or rejection: to make a proposal to: to lay before: to present to the mind: to attempt: to propose to give, as a price or service: to present in worship.—v.i. to present itself: to be at hand: to declare a willingness.—n. act of offering: first advance: that which is offered: proposal made.—adj. Off′erable, that may be offered.—ns. Off′erer; Off′ering, act of making an offer: that which is offered: a gift: (B.) that which is offered on an altar: a sacrifice: (pl.) in Church of England, certain dues payable at Easter; Off′ertory, act of offering, the thing offered: the verses or the anthem said or sung while the offerings of the congregation are being made and the celebrant is placing the unconsecrated elements on the altar: the money collected at a religious service: anciently a linen or silken cloth used in various ceremonies connected with the administration of the eucharist. [L. offerre—ob, towards, ferre, to bring.]

Office, of′is, n. settled duty or employment: a position imposing certain duties or giving a right to exercise an employment: business: act of worship: order or form of a religious service, either public or private: that which a thing is designed or fitted to do: a place where business is carried on: (pl.) acts of good or ill: service: the apartments of a house in which the domestics discharge their duties.—ns. Off′ice-bear′er, one who holds office: one who has an appointed duty to perform in connection with some company, society, &c.; Off′icer, one who holds an office: a person who performs some public duty: a person entrusted with responsibility in the army or navy.—v.t. to furnish with officers: to command, as officers.—adj. Offic′ial, pertaining to an office: depending on the proper office or authority: done by authority.—n. one who holds an office: a subordinate public officer: the deputy of a bishop, &c.—ns. Offic′ialism, official position: excessive devotion to official routine and detail; Official′ity, Offic′ialty, the charge, office, or jurisdiction of an official: the official headquarters of an ecclesiastical or other deliberative and governing body.—adv. Offic′ially.—n. Offic′iant, one who officiates at a religious service, one who administers a sacrament.—v.i. Offic′iāte, to perform the duties of an office: (with for) to perform official duties in place of another.—n. Offic′iātor.—Give the office (slang), to suggest, supply information; Holy office, the Inquisition. [Fr.,—L. officium.]

Officinal, of-fis′i-nal, adj. belonging to, or used in, a shop: denoting an approved medicine kept prepared by apothecaries. [Fr.,—L. officina, a workshop—opus, work, facĕre, to do.]

Officious, of-fish′us, adj. too forward in offering services: overkind: intermeddling.—adv. Offic′iously.—n. Offic′iousness. [Fr.,—L. officiosus—officium.]

Offing, of′ing, n. the part of the sea more than half-way between the shore and the horizon.

Oft, oft, Often, of′n, adv. frequently: many times.—adj. Oft′en (B.), frequent.—n. Oft′enness, frequency.—advs. Oft′times, Oft′entimes, many times: frequently. [A.S. oft; Ger. oft, Goth. ufta.]

Ogee, ō-jē′, n. a wave-like moulding formed of a convex curve continued or followed by a concave one. [Fr. ogive.]

Ogham, Ogam, og′am, n. an ancient Irish writing, in straight lines crossing each other; one of the characters, twenty in number, of which it is formed.—adjs. Ogh′amic, Og′amic.

Ogive, ō′jiv, n. (archit.) a pointed arch or window.—adj. Ogī′val. [Fr.,—Sp.,—Ar. áwj, summit.]

Ogle, ō′gl, v.t. to look at fondly with side glances.—v.i. to cast amorous glances.—ns. O′gle; O′gler; O′gling. [Dut. oogen—ooge, the eye.]

Ogre, ō′gėr, n. a man-eating monster or giant of fairy tales:—fem. O′gress.—adj. O′greish. [Fr. ogre—Sp. ogro—L. orcus, the lower world.]

Ogygian, ō-jij′i-an, adj. pertaining to the mythical Attic king Ogўges, prehistoric, primeval.

Oh, ō, interj. denoting surprise, pain, sorrow, &c.

Ohm, ōm, n. the unit by which electrical resistance is measured, being nearly equal to that caused by a thousand feet of copper wire one-tenth of an inch in diameter.—Ohm's law (see Law). [Georg Simon Ohm, a German electrician, 1787-1854.]

Oidium, ō-id′i-um, n. a genus of parasitic fungi, including the vine-mildew, &c. [Gr. ōon, an egg.]

Oil, oil, n. the juice from the fruit of the olive-tree: any greasy liquid.—v.t. to smear or anoint with oil.—ns. Oil′bag, a bag or cyst in animals containing oil; Oil′cake, a cake made of flax seed from which the oil has been pressed out; Oil′cloth, a painted floorcloth; Oil′-col′our, a colouring substance mixed with oil; Oil′er, one who, or that which, oils: an oil-can: (coll.) a coat of oilskin; Oil′ery, the commodities of an oil-man; Oil′-gas, illuminating gas or heating gas made by distilling oil in closed retorts; Oil′iness; Oil′-man, one who deals in oils; Oil′-mill, a grinding-mill for expressing oil from seeds, nuts, &c.; Oil′nut, the butter-nut of North America; Oil′-paint′ing, a picture painted in oil-colours: the art of painting in oil-colours; Oil′-palm, a palm whose fruit-pulp yields palm-oil; Oil′-press, a machine for expressing oils from seeds or pulp; Oil′skin, cloth made waterproof by means of oil: a garment made of oilskin; Oil′-spring, a spring whose water contains oily matter: a fissure or area from which petroleum, &c. oozes; Oil′stone, a fine-grained kind of stone used, when wetted with oil, for sharpening tools; Oil′-well, a boring made for petroleum.—adj. Oil′y, consisting of, containing, or having the qualities of oil: greasy.—Strike oil (see Strike). [O. Fr. oile (Fr. huile)—L. oleum—Gr. elaion—elaia, the olive.]

Ointment, oint′ment, n. anything used in anointing: (med.) any greasy substance applied to diseased or wounded parts: (B.) a perfume. [O. Fr.,—L. unguentum—ungĕre, to smear.]

Okapi, ō′ka-pi, n. a giraffe-like animal of the Semliki forests of Central Africa.

Oke, ōk, n. a Turkish weight of 2¾ lb. avoirdupois.

Old, ōld, adj. advanced in years: having been long in existence: worn out: out of date, old-fashioned: ancient, former, antique, early: (coll.) great, high: having the age or duration of: long practised: sober, wise.—n. Old-clothes′man, one who buys cast-off garments.—v.i. Old′en, to grow old, to become affected by age.—adj. old, ancient.—adj. Old-fash′ioned, of a fashion like that used long ago: out of date: clinging to old things and old styles: with manners like those of a grown-up person (said of a child).—n. Old-fash′ionedness.—adjs. Old-fō′gyish, like an old fogy; Old-gen′tlemanly, characteristic of an old gentleman; Old′ish, somewhat old; Old′-light, denoting those of the Seceders from the Church of Scotland who continued to hold unchanged the principle of the connection between church and state—the position maintained by the first Seceders in 1733.—n. one of this body.—ns. Old-maid′hood, Old-maid′ism.—adj. Old-maid′ish, like the conventional old maid, prim.—ns. Old′ness; Old′ster (coll.), a man getting old: a midshipman of four years' standing, a master's mate.—adj. Old′-time, of or pertaining to times long gone by: of long standing: old-fashioned.—n. Old′-tim′er, one who has lived in a place or kept a position for a long time.—adjs. Old-wom′anish, like an old woman; Old′-world, belonging to earlier times, antiquated, old-fashioned.—n. the Eastern Hemisphere.—Old age, the later part of life; Old bachelor, an unmarried man somewhat advanced in years; Old English (see English): the form of black letter used by 16th-century English printers; Old gold, a dull gold colour like tarnished gold, used in textile fabrics; Old Harry, Nick, One, &c., the devil; Old Hundred, properly Old Hundredth, a famous tune set in England about the middle of the 16th century to Kethe's version of the 100th Psalm, marked 'Old Hundredth' in Tate and Brady's new version in 1696; Old maid, a woman who has not been married, and is past the usual age of marriage: a simple game played by matching cards from a pack from which a card (usually a queen) has been removed; Old man, unregenerate human nature: (coll.) one's father, guardian, or employer (usually with 'the'); Old Red Sandstone (see Sand); Old salt, an experienced sailor; Old school, of, or resembling, earlier days, old-fashioned; Old song, a mere trifle, a very small price; Old squaw, a sea-duck of the northern hemisphere—also Old wife; Old Style (often written with a date O.S.), the mode of reckoning time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar or year of 365¼ days; Old Testament (see Testament); Old Tom, a strong kind of English gin; Old wife, a prating old woman, or even a man: a chimney-cap for curing smoking.—Of old, long ago, in ancient times, or belonging to such. [A.S. eald; Dut. oud; Ger. alt.]

Oleaginous, ō-lē-aj′in-us, adj. oily: (bot.) fleshy and oily: unctuous, sanctimonious, fawning.—n. Oleag′inousness. [L. oleaginus—oleum, oil.]

Oleander, ō-lē-an′dėr, n. an evergreen shrub with lance-shaped leathery leaves and beautiful red or white flowers, the Rose Bay or Rose Laurel. [Fr., a corr. of Low L. lorandrum. Cf. Rhododendron.]

Oleaster, ō-lē-as′tėr, n. the wild olive. [L.,—olea, an olive-tree—Gr. elaia.]

Olecranon, ō-lē-krā′non, n. a process forming the upper end of the ulna.—adj. Olecrā′nal. [Gr.]

Olein, ō′lē-in, n. a natural fat, found in the fatty oils of animals and vegetables.—n. O′leāte, a salt of oleic acid.—adj. Olefī′ant, producing oil.—ns. Olefī′ant-gas, ethylene; O′lefine, any one of a group of hydrocarbons homologous with ethylene.—adjs. O′leic; Oleif′erous, producing oil, as seeds.—ns. Oleomar′garine, artificial butter at first made from pure beef-fat, now from oleo-oil, neutral lard, milk, cream, and pure butter, worked together, with a colouring matter; Oleom′eter, an instrument for determining the density of oils; O′leon, a liquid obtained from the distillation of olein and lime; Oleores′in, a native compound of an essential oil and a resin: a preparation of a fixed or volatile oil holding resin in solution; Oleosac′charum, a mixture of oil and sugar.—adjs. O′leōse, O′leous, oily. [L. oleum, oil.]

Olent, ō′lent, adj. smelling. [L. olēre, to smell.]

Oleograph, ō′lē-ō-graf, n. a print in oil-colours to imitate an oil-painting.—n. Oleog′raphy, the art of preparing such. [L. oleum, oil, Gr. graphein, to write.]

Oleraceous, ol-e-rā′shus, adj. of the nature of a pot-herb, for kitchen use. [L.]

Olfactory, ol-fak′tor-i, adj. pertaining to, or used in, smelling. [L. olfactāre, to smell—olēre, to smell, facĕre, to make.]

Olibanum, ō-lib′a-num, n. a gum-resin flowing from incisions in several species of Boswellia in Somaliland and southern Arabia—the Lebonah of the Hebrews, Libanos and Libanōtos of the Greeks.

Oligæmia, ol-i-jē′mi-a, n. abnormal deficiency of blood.

Oligarchy, ol′i-gärk-i, n. government by a small exclusive class: a state governed by such: a small body of men who have the supreme power of a state in their hands.—n. Ol′igarch, a member of an oligarchy.—adjs. Oligarch′al, Oligarch′ic, -al, pertaining to an oligarchy. [Fr.,—Gr., oligos, few, archein, to rule.]

Oligist, ol′i-jist, n. a crystallised variety of hematite.

Oligocene, ol′i-gō-sēn, adj. (geol.) pertaining to a division of the Tertiary series, the rocks chiefly of fresh and brackish water origin, with intercalations of marine beds. [Gr. oligos, little, kainos, new.]

Oligochrome, ol′i-gō-krōm, adj. and n. painted in few colours. [Gr. oligos, few, chrōma, colour.]

Oligoclase, ol′i-gō-klās, n. a soda-lime triclinic feldspar.

Olio, ō′li-ō, n. a savoury dish of different sorts of meat and vegetables: a mixture: a medley, literary miscellany. [Sp. olla—L. olla, a pot.]

Oliphant, ol′i-fant, n. an ancient ivory hunting-horn: an obsolete form of elephant.

Olitory, ol′i-tō-ri, adj. and n. pertaining to kitchen-vegetables:—pl. Ol′itories. [L. olitor, gardener.]

Olive, ol′iv, n. a tree cultivated round the Mediterranean for its oily fruit: its fruit: peace, of which the olive was the emblem: a colour like the unripe olive.—adj. of a brownish-green colour like the olive.—adjs. Olivā′ceous, olive-coloured: olive-green; Ol′ivary, like olives.—ns. Ol′ivenite, a mineral consisting chiefly of arsenic acid and protoxide of iron; Ol′ive-oil, oil pressed from the fruit of the olive; Ol′ive-yard, a piece of ground on which olives are grown; Ol′ivine, chrysolite.—Olive branch, a symbol of peace: (pl.) children (Ps. cxxviii. 4; Pr. Bk.). [Fr.,—L. oliva—Gr. elaia.]

Oliver, ol′i-vėr, n. a forge-hammer worked by foot.

Oliverian, ol-i-vē′ri-an, adj. an adherent of the great Protector, Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658).

Olivet, ol′i-vet, n. an imitation pearl manufactured for trade with savages.

Olivetan, ol′i-vet-an, n. one of an order of Benedictine monks founded in 1313, the original house at Monte Oliveto, near Siena.

Olla, ol′la, n. a jar or urn.—n. Ol′la-podrida (-po-drē′da), a Spanish mixed stew or hash of meat and vegetables: any incongruous mixture or miscellaneous collection. [Sp.,—L. olla, a pot.]

Ollam, ol′am, n. a doctor or master among the ancient Irish.—Also Oll′amh. [Ir.]

Ology, ol′ō-ji, n. a science whose name ends in -ology, hence any science generally.

Olpe, ol′pē, n. a small Greek even-rimmed spoutless vase or jug. [Gr.]

Olympiad, ō-lim′pi-ad, n. in ancient Greece, a period of four years, being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, used in reckoning time (the date of the first Olympiad is 776 B.C.).—adjs. Olym′pian, Olym′pic, pertaining to Olympia in Elis, where the Olympic games were celebrated, or to Mount Olympus in Thessaly, the seat of the gods.—n. a dweller in Olympus, one of the twelve greater gods of Greek mythology.—ns.pl. Olym′pics, Olym′pic games, games celebrated every four years at Olympia, dedicated to Olympian Zeus; Olym′pus, the abode of the gods, supposed to have been Mount Olympus in Thessaly. [Gr. olympias, -ados, belonging to Olympia in Elis.]

Omadhaun, om′a-dawn, n. a stupid, silly creature. [Ir.]

Omasum, ō-mā′sum, n. a ruminant's third stomach, the psalterium or manyplies.—adj. Omā′sal.

Ombre, om′bėr, n. a game of cards played with a pack of forty cards, usually by three persons. [Fr.,—Sp. hombre—L. homo, a man.]

Ombrometer, om-brom′e-tėr, n. a rain-gauge.

Omega, ō′meg-a, or ō-mē′ga, n. the last letter of the Greek alphabet: (B.) the end.—Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end: the chief point or purpose (Rev. i. 8). [Gr. ō mega, the great or long O.]

Omelet, Omelette, om′e-let, n. a pancake chiefly of eggs, beaten up with flour, &c., and fried in a pan. [O. Fr. amelette (Fr. omelette), which through the form alemette is traced to alemelle, the O. Fr. form of Fr. alumelle, a thin plate, a corr. of lemelle—L. lamella, lamina, a thin plate.]

Omen, ō′men, n. a sign of some future event, either good or evil: a foreboding.—v.i. and v.t. to prognosticate: to predict.—adj. O′mened, containing omens, mostly with prefixes, as ill-omened. [L. for osmen, that which is uttered by the mouth—L. os; or for ausmen, that heard—audīre, to hear.]

Omentum, ō-men′tum, n. a fold of peritoneum, proceeding from one of the abdominal viscera to another:—pl. Omen′ta.—adj. Omen′tal.—Great omentum, the epiploon. [L.]

Omer, ō′mėr, n. a Hebrew dry measure containing about half a gallon, 1⁄10 ephah.

Omicron, ō-mī′kron, n. the short o in the Greek alphabet.

Ominous, om′in-us, adj. pertaining to, or containing, an omen: foreboding evil: inauspicious.—adv. Om′inously.—n. Om′inousness.

Omit, ō-mit′, v.t. to leave out: to neglect: to fail: to make no use of:—pr.p. omit′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. omit′ted.—adj. Omiss′ible, that may be omitted.—n. Omiss′ion, act of omitting: the neglect or failure to do something required: that which is left out.—adj. Omiss′ive, omitting or leaving out.—n. Omit′tance, the act of omitting: the state of being omitted: forbearance. [L. omittĕre, omissum—ob, away, mittĕre, to send.]

Omlah, om′la, n. a staff of native clerks or officials in India. [Ar.]

Omni-, om′ni, from L. omnis, all, a combining form, as in adjs. Omnifā′rious, of all varieties or kinds; Omnif′erous, bearing or producing all kinds; Omnif′ic, all-creating; Om′niform, of, or capable of, every form.—n. Omniform′ity.—v.t. Om′nify (rare), to make universal.—adj. Omnig′enous, consisting of all kinds.—n. Omnipar′ity, general equality.—adjs. Omnip′arous, producing all things; Omnipā′tient, enduring all things.—ns. Omnip′otence, Omnip′otency, unlimited power—an attribute of God.—adj. Omnip′otent, all-powerful, possessing unlimited power.—adv. Omnip′otently.—n. Omnipres′ence, quality of being present everywhere at the same time—an attribute of God.—adj. Omnipres′ent, present everywhere at the same time.—n. Omnisc′ience, knowledge of all things—an attribute of God.—adj. Omnisc′ient, all-knowing: all-seeing: infinitely wise.—adv. Omnisc′iently.—adj. Omniv′orous, all-devouring: (zool.) feeding on both animal and vegetable food.—The Omnipotent, God.

Omnibus, om′ni-bus, adj. including all: covering many different cases or objects, as 'an omnibus clause.'—n. a large four-wheeled vehicle for passengers, chiefly between two fixed points:—pl. Om′nibuses. [Lit. 'for all,' L. dative pl. of omnis, all.]

Omnium, om′ni-um, n. a Stock Exchange term for the aggregate value of the different stocks in which a loan is funded.—n. Om′nium-gath′erum (coll.), a miscellaneous collection of things or persons. [L., 'of all;' gen. pl. of omnis, all.]

Omohyoid, ō-mō-hī′oid, adj. pertaining to the shoulder-blade, and to the lingual or hyoid bone—also Omohyoi′dean.—n. Omoi′deum, the pterygoid bone. [Gr. ōmos, the shoulder.]

Omophagous, ō-mof′a-gus, adj. eating raw flesh—also Omophag′ic.—n. Omophā′gia. [Gr. ōmos, raw, phagein, to eat.]

Omophorion, ō-mō-fō′ri-on, n. an eastern ecclesiastical vestment like the western pallium, worn over the phenolion by bishops and patriarchs at the eucharist, &c. [Gr. ōmos, the shoulder, pherein, to carry.]

Omoplate, ō′mō-plāt, n. the shoulder-blade or scapula.—n. Omoplatos′copy, scapulimancy. [Gr. ōmoplatē.]

Omosternum, ō-mō-ster′num, n. a median ossification of the coraco-scapular cartilages of a batrachian. [Gr. ōmos, the shoulder, sternon, the chest.]

Omphacite, om′fa-sīt, n. a grass-green granular variety of pyroxene, one of the constituents of eclogite.—adj. Om′phacine, pertaining to unripe fruit.

Omphalos, om′fal-us, n. the navel: a raised central point: a boss.—adj. Omphal′ic.—ns. Om′phalism, tendency to place the capital of a country at its geographical centre, or to increase the powers of central at the expense of local government; Omphalī′tis, inflammation of the umbilicus; Om′phalocele, umbilical hernia.—adj. Om′phaloid.—ns. Om′phalomancy, divination from the number of knots in the navel-string as to how many children the mother will bear; Omphalop′agus, a double monster united at the umbilicus; Omphalot′omy, cutting of the umbilical cord at birth. [Gr., the navel.]

On, on, prep., in contact with the upper part of: to and toward the surface of: upon or acting by contact with: not off: at or near: at or during: in addition to: toward, for: at the peril of: in consequence: immediately after: (B.) off.—adv. above, or next beyond: forward, in succession: in continuance: not off.—interj. go on! proceed!—adj. denoting the part of the field to the left of a right-handed batter, and to the right of the bowler—opp. to Off. [A.S. on; Dut. aan, Ice. á, Ger. an.]

On, on, prep. (Scot.) without.

Onager, on′ā-jėr, n. the wild ass of Central Asia. [L.,—Gr. onagros—onos, an ass, agros, wild.]

Onanism, ō′nan-izm, n. self-pollution.—n. O′nanist.—adj. Onanist′ic. [See Gen. xxxviii. 9.]

Once, ons, n. Same as Ounce, the animal.

Once, wuns, adv. a single time: at a former time: at any time or circumstances.—n. one time.—Once and again, more than once: repeatedly; Once for all, once only and not again; Once in a way, on one occasion only: very rarely.—At once, without delay: alike: at the same time; For once, on one occasion only. [A.S. ánes, orig. gen. of án, one, used as adv.]

Oncidium, on-sid′i-um, n. a widely-spread American genus of orchids. [Gr. ogkos, a hook.]

Oncology, ong-kol′o-ji, n. the science of tumours.—n. Oncot′omy, incision into, or excision of, a tumour.

Oncome, on′kum, n. (prov.) a sudden fall of rain or snow: the beginning of attack by some insidious disease.—n. On′coming, approach.

Oncometer, ong-com′e-tėr, n. an instrument for recording variations in volume, as of the kidney, &c.—n. On′cograph, an apparatus for recording such. [Gr. ogkos, bulk, metron, measure.]

Oncost, on′kost, n. all charges for labour in getting mineral, other than the miners' wages: payment to the collier in addition to the rate per ton.—n.pl. On′costmen, men who work in or about a mine at other work than cutting coal. [On and cost.]

Ondine, on′din, n. a water-spirit, an undine.

Onding, on′ding, n. a sudden fall of rain or snow.

One, wun, pron. a person (indefinitely), as in 'one says:' any one: some one.—n. a single person or thing: a unit. [A special use of the numeral one; not conn. with Fr. on—L. homo, a man.]

One, wun, adj. single in number, position, or kind: undivided: the same: a certain, some, implying a name unknown or denoting insignificance or contempt, as 'one Guy Fawkes, a Spaniard!'—adjs. One′-eyed, having but one eye: limited in vision; One′-hand′ed, single-handed; One′-horse, drawn by a single horse: petty, mean, inferior; One′-idea'd, entirely possessed by one idea.—ns. One′ness, singleness, unity; Oner (wun′ėr), one possessing some special skill, an adept (slang).—pron. Oneself′, one's self: himself or herself.—adj. One′-sid′ed, limited to one side: partial: (bot.) turned to one side.—adv. One′-sid′edly.—n. One′-sid′edness.—One another, each other; One by one, singly: in order; One day, on a certain day: at an indefinite time.—All one, just the same: of no consequence; At one, of one mind. [A.S. an; Ice. einn, Ger. ein.]

Oneiromancy, ō-nī′rō-man-si, n. the art of divining by dreams.—ns. Oneirocrit′ic, Onirocrit′ic, one who interprets dreams.—adjs. Oneirocrit′ic, -al.—ns. Oneirodyn′ia, nightmare; Oneirol′ogy, the doctrine of dreams; Onei′roscopist, an interpreter of dreams. [Gr. oneiros, a dream, manteia, divination.]

Onely, ōn′li, adv. (Spens.) only.

Onerous, on′ėr-us, adj. burdensome: oppressive.—adj. On′erary, fitted or intended for carrying burdens: comprising burdens.—adv. On′erously.—n. On′erousness. [L. onerosus—onus.]

Oneyer, wun′yėr, n. (1 Hen. IV., II. i. 84) probably a person that converses with great ones—hardly, as Malone explains, an accountant of the exchequer, a banker. [No doubt formed from one, like lawyer, sawyer, &c. Malone over-ingeniously refers to the mark o.ni., an abbreviation of the Latin form oneretur, nisi habeat sufficientem exonerationem ('let him be charged unless he have a sufficient discharge'), or explains as a misprint for moneyer.]

Ongoing, on′gō-ing, n. a going on: course of conduct: event: (pl.) proceedings, behaviour.

Onicolo, ō-nik′ō-lō, n. a variety of onyx for cameos, a bluish-white band on the dark ground. [It.]

Onion, un′yun, n. the name given to a few species of genus Allium, esp. Allium cepa, an edible biennial bulbous root.—adj. On′ion-eyed (Shak.), having the eyes full of tears.—n. On′ion-skin, a very thin variety of paper.—adj. On′iony. [Fr. oignon—L. unio, -onis—unus, one.]

Onlooker, on′lōōk-ėr, n. a looker on, observer.—adj. On′looking.

Only, ōn′li, adj. single in number or kind: this above all others: alone.—adv. in one manner: for one purpose: singly: merely: barely: entirely.—conj. but: except that.—n. On′liness. [A.S. ánlíc (adj.)—án, one, líc, like.]

Onocentaur, on-o-sen′tawr, n. a kind of centaur, half-man, half-ass.

Onoclea, on-ō-klē′a, n. a genus of aspidioid ferns, with contracted fertile fronds. [Gr. onos, a vessel, kleiein, to close.]

Onology, ō-nol′ō-ji, n. foolish talk.

Onomantic, on-ō-man′tik, adj. pertaining to On′omancy or (obs.) Onomat′omancy, divination by names. [Gr. onoma, a name, manteia, divination.]

Onomastic, on-ō-mas′tik, adj. pertaining to a name, esp. pertaining to the signature to a paper written in another hand.—n. Onomas′ticon, a list of words: a vocabulary. [Gr., from onoma, a name.]

Onomatology, on-ō-ma-tol′o-ji, n. the science of, or a treatise on, the derivation of names.—n. Onomatol′ogist, one versed in such. [Gr. onoma, onomatos, name, logia—legein, to discourse.]

Onomatopœia, on-ō-mat-o-pē′ya, n. the formation of a word so as to resemble the sound of the thing of which it is the name: such a word itself, also the use of such a word, as 'click,' 'cuckoo'—also Onomatopoē′sis, or Onomatopoiē′sis.—adjs. Onomatopœ′ic, Onomatopoet′ic. [Gr. onoma, -atos, a name, poiein, to make.]

Onset, on′set, n. violent attack: assault: storming. [On and set.]

Onshore, on′shōr, adj. toward the land.

Onslaught, on′slawt, n. an attack or onset: assault. [A.S. on, on, sleaht, a stroke.]

Onst, wunst, adv. a vulgar form of once.

Onstead, on′sted, n. (Scot.) a farmstead, the farm buildings. [M. E. wone—A.S. wunian, to dwell, stead, place.]

Ontogenesis, on-tō-jen′e-sis, n. the history of the individual development of an organised being as distinguished from phylogenesis and biogenesis—also Ontog′eny.—adjs. Ontogenet′ic, -al, Ontogen′ic.—adv. Ontogenet′ically. [Gr. onta, things being, neut. pl. of ōn, pr.p. of einai, to be, genesis, generation.]

Ontology, on-tol′o-ji, n. the science that treats of the principles of pure being: that part of metaphysics which treats of the nature and essence of things.—adjs. Ontolog′ic, -al.—adv. Ontolog′ically.—n. Ontol′ogist, one versed in ontology. [Gr. ōn, ontos, being pr.p. of einai, to be, logia—legein, to discourse.]

Onus, ō′nus, n. burden: responsibility.—Onus probandī, the burden of proving. [L. onus, burden.]

Onward, on′ward, adj. going on: advancing: advanced.—adv. (also On′wards) toward a point on or in front: forward.

Onym, on′im, n. (zool.) the technical name of a species or other group.—adjs. On′ymal, Onymat′ic.—v.i. On′ymise.—n. On′ymy, the use of onyms.

Onyx, on′iks, n. (min.) an agate formed of layers of chalcedony of different colours, used for making cameos.—ns. Onych′ia, suppurative inflammation near the finger-nail; Onychī′tis, inflammation of the soft parts about the nail; Onych′ium, a little claw; On′ychomancy, divination by means of the finger-nails; Onychonō′sos, disease of the nails.—adj. Onychopath′ic, affected with such.—n. Onychō′sis, disease of the nails. [L.,—Gr. onyx, onychos, a finger-nail.]

Oodles, ōō′dlz, n. (U.S.) abundance.—Also Ood′lins.

Oof, ōōf, n. (slang) money.

Oögenesis, ō-ō-jen′e-sis, n. the genesis and development of the ovum—also Oög′eny.—adj. Oögenet′ic.

Oöidal, ō-oi′dal, adj. egg-shaped.

Oölite, ō′o-līt, n. (geol.) a kind of limestone, composed of grains like the eggs or roe of a fish.—adjs. Oölit′ic; Oölitif′erous. [Gr. ōon, an egg, lithos, stone.]

Oölogy, ō-ol′o-ji, n. the science or study of birds' eggs.—n. O′ögraph, a mechanical device for drawing the outline of a bird's egg.—adjs. Oölog′ic, -al.—adv. Oölog′ically.—ns. Oöl′ogist, one versed in oology; Oöm′eter, an apparatus for measuring eggs.—adj. Oömet′ric.—n. Oöm′etry, the measurement of eggs. [Gr. ōon, an egg.]

Oolong, ōō′long, n. a variety of black tea, with the flavour of green.—Also Ou′long.

Oorie, Ourie, ōō′ri, adj. (Scot.) feeling cold or chill, shivering.

Ooze, ōōz, n. soft mud: gentle flow, as of water through sand or earth: a kind of mud in the bottom of the ocean: the liquor of a tan vat.—v.i. to flow gently: to percolate, as a liquid through pores or small openings.—adj. Ooz′y, resembling ooze: slimy. [M. E. wose—A.S. wase, mud; akin to A.S. wos, juice, Ice. vas, moisture.]

Opacity, ō-pas′i-ti, n. opaqueness: obscurity.

Opacous, ō-pā′kus, adj. Same as Opaque.

Opah, ō′pa, n. a sea-fish of the Dory family—also called Kingfish.

Opal, ō′pal, n. a precious stone of a milky hue, remarkable for its changing colours.—n. Opalesc′ence.—adjs. Opalesc′ent, reflecting a milky or pearly light from the interior; O′paline, relating to, or like, opal.—v.t. O′palise. [Fr. opale—L. opalus.]

Opaque, ō-pāk′, adj. shady: dark: that cannot be seen through: not transparent.—adv. Opaque′ly.—n. Opaque′ness, quality of being opaque: want of transparency. [Fr.,—L. opacus.]

Ope, ōp, v.t. and v.i. (poet.) short for open.

Opeidocope, ō-pī′dō-skōp, n. an instrument for illustrating sound by means of light.

Open, ō′pn, adj. not shut: allowing one to pass out or in: free from trees: not fenced: not drawn together: spread out: not frozen up: not frosty: free to be used, &c.: public: without reserve: frank: easily understood: generous: liberal: clear: unbalanced, as an account: attentive: free to be discussed.—v.t. to make open: to remove hinderances: to bring to view: to explain: to begin.—v.i. to become open: to unclose: to be unclosed: to begin to appear: to begin.—n. a clear space.—n. O′pener.—adjs. O′pen-eyed (Shak.), watchful; O′pen-hand′ed, with an open hand: generous: liberal.—n. O′pen-hand′edness.—adj. O′pen-heart′ed, with an open heart: frank: generous.—ns. O′pen-heart′edness, liberality: generosity: frankness: candour; O′pening, an open place: a breach: an aperture: beginning: first appearance: opportunity.—adv. O′penly.—adj. O′pen-mind′ed, free from prejudice: ready to receive and consider new ideas.—n. O′pen-mind′edness.—adj. O′pen-mouthed, gaping: greedy: clamorous.—ns. O′penness; O′pen-ses′ame, a form of words which makes barriers fly open—from the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves in the Arabian Nights' Entertainments; O′pen-steek (Scot.), a kind of open-work stitching; O′pen-work, any work showing openings through it for ornament.—adj. open-cast, of mining work in open air.—Open verdict (see Verdict). [A.S. open—up, up; cf. Dut. open—op, Ice. opinn—upp, and Ger. offen—auf.]

Opera, op′ėr-a, n. a musical drama: a place where operas are performed.—adj. used in or for an opera, as an opera-glass, &c.—ns. Op′era-cloak, a cloak of elegant form and material for carrying into the auditorium of a theatre or opera-house as a protection against draughts; Op′era-danc′er, one who dances in ballets introduced into operas; Op′era-glass, a small glass or telescope for use at operas, theatres, &c.; Op′era-hat, a hat which can be made flat by compression and expanded again to its full size; Op′era-house, a theatre where operas are represented; Op′era-sing′er.—adjs. Operat′ic, -al, pertaining to or resembling the opera. [It.,—L. opera. Cf. Operate.]

Opera-bouffe, op′ėr-a-bōōf, n. a comic opera. [Fr.,—It. opera-buffa. Cf. Buffoon.]

Operate, op′ėr-āt, v.i. to work: to exert strength: to produce any effect: to exert moral power: (med.) to take effect upon the human system: (surg.) to perform some unusual act upon the body with the hand or an instrument.—v.t. to effect: to produce by agency.—n. Operam′eter, an instrument for indicating the number of movements made by a part of a machine.—adj. Op′erant, operative.—n. an operator.—n. Operā′tion, art or process of operating, or of being at work: that which is done or carried out: agency: influence: method of working: action or movements: surgical performance.—adj. Op′erātive, having the power of operating or acting: exerting force: producing effects: efficacious.—n. a workman in a manufactory: a labourer.—adv. Op′erātively.—ns. Op′erātiveness; Op′erātor, one who, or that which, operates or produces an effect: (math.) a letter, &c., signifying an operation to be performed. [L. operāri, -ātus—opera, work, closely conn. with opus, operis, work.]

Operculum, ō-pėr′kū-lum, n. (bot.) a cover or lid: (zool.) the plate over the entrance of a shell: the apparatus which protects the gills of fishes:—pl. Oper′cula.—adjs. Oper′cular, belonging to the operculum; Oper′culate, -d, having an operculum; Operculif′erous; Oper′culiform; Operculig′enous; Operculig′erous. [L.,—operīre, to cover.]

Operetta, op-ėr-et′a, n. a short, light musical drama. [It., dim. of opera.]

Operose, op′ėr-ōz, adj. laborious: tedious.—adv. Op′erosely.—ns. Op′eroseness, Operos′ity.

Ophicleide, of′i-klīd, n. a large bass trumpet, with a deep pitch. [Fr.; coined from Gr. ophis, a serpent, kleis, kleidos, a key.]

Ophidian, o-fid′i-an, n. one of the true serpents, in which the ribs are the only organs of locomotion.—adjs. Ophid′ian, Ophid′ious, pertaining to serpents: having the nature of a serpent.—ns. Ophidiā′rium, a place where serpents are confined; Ophiog′raphy, the description of serpents; Ophiol′ater, a serpent-worshipper.—adj. Ophiol′atrous.—n. Ophiol′atry, serpent-worship.—adjs. Ophiolog′ic, -al.—ns. Ophiol′ogist, one versed in ophiology; Ophiol′ogy, the study of serpents; Oph′iomancy, divination by serpents.—adjs. Ophiomor′phic, Ophiomor′phous, having the form of a serpent; Ophioph′agous, feeding on serpents.—n. Oph′ite, one of a Gnostic sect who worshipped the serpent. [Gr. ophidion, dim. of ophis, opheōs, a serpent.]

Ophiura, of-i-ū′ra, n. a genus of sand-stars.—ns. and adjs. Ophiū′ran; Ophiū′roid. [Gr. ophis, serpent, oura, tail.]

Ophthalmia, of-thal′mi-a, n. inflammation of the eye—also Ophthal′my.—adj. Ophthal′mic, pertaining to the eye.—ns. Ophthal′mist, Ophthalmol′ogist, one skilled in ophthalmology; Ophthalmī′tis, inflammation of the eyeball; Ophthalmodyn′ia, pain, esp. rheumatic pain, of the eye; Ophthalmog′raphy, a description of the eye.—adjs. Ophthalmolog′ic, -al.—ns. Ophthalmol′ogy, the science of the eye, its structure and functions; Ophthalmom′eter, an instrument for eye-measurements; Ophthalmom′etry, the making of such; Ophthalmoplē′gia, paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye; Ophthal′moscope, an instrument for examining the interior of the eye.—adjs. Ophthalmoscop′ic, -al.—adv. Ophthalmoscop′ically.—ns. Ophthal′moscopy, examination of the interior of the eye with the ophthalmoscope; Ophthalmot′omy, dissection of the eye: an incision into the eye. [Gr.,—ophthalmos, eye.]

Opiate, ō′pi-āt, n. a drug containing opium to induce sleep: that which dulls sensation, physical or mental.—adj. inducing sleep.—adj. O′piated.

Opine, o-pīn′, v.i. to suppose.—adj. Opin′able, capable of being thought.—ns. Opī′nant, one who forms an opinion; Opin′icus (her.), a half-lion, half-dragon. [Fr.,—L. opināri, to think.]

Opinion, ō-pin′yun, n. one's belief, judgment: favourable estimation: (Shak.) opinionativeness.—adjs. Opin′ionable, that may be matter of opinion; Opin′ionāted, Opin′ioned, firmly adhering to one's own opinions.—adv. Opin′ionātely (obs.).—adj. Opin′ionātive, unduly attached to one's own opinions: stubborn.—adv. Opin′ionātively.—ns. Opin′ionātiveness; Opin′ionist. [L.]

Opisometer, op-i-som′e-tėr, n. an instrument for measuring curved lines on a map. [Gr. opisō, backward, metron, measure.]

Opisthobranchiate, ō-pis-thō-brang′ki-āt, adj. having the gills behind the heart—n. Opisthobranch′ism.

Opisthocœlian, ō-pis-thō-sē′li-an, adj. hollow or concave behind, as a vertebra.—Also Opisthocœ′lous.

Opisthocomous, op-is-thok′ō-mus, adj. having an occipital crest.

Opisthodomos, op-is-thod′ō-mos, n. a rear-chamber or treasury at the back of the cella in some temples. [Gr.]

Opisthodont, ō-pis′thō-dont, adj. having back teeth only.

Opisthogastric, ō-pis-thō-gas′trik, adj. behind the stomach.

Opisthognathous, op-is-thog′nā-thus, adj. having retreating jaws or teeth.

Opisthograph, ō-pis′thō-graf, n. a manuscript or a slab inscribed on the back as well as the front.—adj. Opisthograph′ic, written on both sides.—n. Opisthog′raphy.

Opium, ō′pi-um, n. the narcotic juice of the white poppy.—n. O′pium-eat′er, one who makes a habitual use of opium. [L.,—Gr. opion, dim. from opos, sap.]

Opobalsam, op-ō-bal′sam, n. a resinous juice, balm of Gilead.

Opodeldoc, op-ō-del′dok, n. a solution of soap in alcohol, with camphor and essential oils, soap-liniment. [Fr., perh. from Gr. opos, juice.]

Opopanax, ō-pop′a-naks, n. a gum-resin used in perfumery and formerly in medicine. [Gr., opos, juice, panax, a plant, panakēs, all-healing.]

Oporice, ō-por′i-sē, n. a medicine prepared from quinces, pomegranates, &c.

Opossum, o-pos′um, n. a small American marsupial mammal, nocturnal, mainly arboreal, with prehensile tail: an Australian marsupial. [West Indian.]

Oppidan, op′i-dan, n. at Eton, a student who is not a foundationer or colleger. [L. oppidanus—oppidum, town.]

Oppilation, op-i-lā′shun, n. stoppage.—v.t. Opp′ilate, to crowd together.—adj. Opp′ilātive, obstructive. [L.]

Opponent, ō-pō′nent, adj. opposing in action, speech, &c.: placed in front.—n. one who opposes.

Opportune, op-or-tūn′, adj. present at a proper time: timely: convenient.—adv. Opportune′ly.—ns. Opportune′ness; Opportun′ism, practice of regulating principles by favourable opportunities without regard to consistency; Opportun′ist, a politician who waits for events before declaring his opinions: a person without settled principles; Opportun′ity, an opportune or convenient time: a good occasion or chance. [Fr.,—L. opportunus—ob, before, portus, a harbour.]

Oppose, o-pōz′, v.t. to place before or in the way of: to set against: to place as an obstacle: to resist: to check: to compete with.—v.i. to make objection.—n. Opposabil′ity.—adjs. Oppos′able, that may be opposed; Oppose′less (Shak.), not to be opposed, irresistible.—n. Oppos′er, one who opposes.—v.t. and v.i. Oppos′it, to negative. [Fr.,—L. ob, Fr. poser, to place.]

Opposite, op′ō-zit, adj. placed over against: standing in front: situated on opposite sides: contrasted with: opposed to: of an entirely different nature.—n. that which is opposed or contrary: an opponent.—adv. Opp′ositely.—n. Opp′ositeness.—Be opposite with (Shak.), to be perverse and contradictory in dealing with. [Fr.,—L. oppositus—ob, against, ponĕre, positum, to place.]

Opposition, op-ō-zish′un, n. state of being placed over against: position over against: repugnance: contrariety: contrast: act or action of opposing: resistance: that which opposes: obstacle: (logic) a difference of quantity or quality between two propositions having the same subject and predicate: the party that opposes the ministry or existing administration: (astron.) the situation of heavenly bodies when 180 degrees apart.—n. Opposi′tionist, one who belongs to an opposing party, esp. that opposed to the government. [Opposite.]

Oppress, o-pres′, v.t. to press against or upon: to use severely: to burden: to lie heavy upon: to constrain: to overpower: to treat unjustly: to load with heavy burdens.—n. Oppress′ion, act of oppressing or treating unjustly or harshly: severity: cruelty: state of being oppressed: misery: hardship: injustice: dullness of spirits: (Shak.) pressure.—adj. Oppress′ive, tending to oppress: overburdensome: treating with severity or injustice: heavy: overpowering: difficult to bear.—adv. Oppress′ively.—ns. Oppress′iveness; Oppress′or, one who oppresses. [Fr.,—L. opprimĕre, oppressum—ob, against, premĕre, to press.]

Opprobrious, o-prō′bri-us, adj. expressive of opprobrium or disgrace: reproachful: infamous: despised.—adv. Opprō′briously.—ns. Opprō′briousness; Opprō′brium, reproach expressing contempt or disdain: disgrace: infamy. [L.,—ob, against, probrum, reproach.]

Oppugn, o-pūn′, v.t. to fight against, esp. by argument: to oppose: to resist.—n. Oppugn′er. [Fr.,—L. oppugnāre, to fight against—ob, against, pugna, a fight.]

Oppugnancy, o-pug′nan-si, n. (Shak.) opposition, resistance.—adj. Oppug′nant, opposing: hostile.—n. an opponent. [L. oppugnans, -antis, pr.p. of oppugnāre.]

Opsimathy, op-sim′a-thi, n. learning obtained late in life. [Gr.,—opse, late, mathein, to learn.]

Opsiometer, op-si-om′e-tėr, n. an optometer.

Opsonium, op-sō′ni-um, n. anything eaten with bread as a relish, esp. fish.—ns. Opsomā′nia, any morbid love for some special kind of food; Opsomā′niac, one who manifests the foregoing. [Gr. opsōnion—opson, strictly boiled meat, any relish.]

Optative, op′ta-tiv, or op-tā′tiv, adj. expressing desire or wish.—n. (gram.) a mood of the verb expressing wish.—adv. Op′tatively. [L. optativus—optāre, -ātum, to wish.]

Optic, -al, op′tik, -al, adj. relating to sight, or to optics.—n. Op′tic (Pope), an organ of sight: an eye.—adv. Op′tically.—ns. Optic′ian, one skilled in optics: one who makes or sells optical instruments; Op′tics (sing.), the science of the nature and laws of vision and light; Optim′eter, Optom′eter, an instrument for measuring the refractive powers of the eye; Optom′etry, the measurement of the visual powers.—Optic axis, the axis of the eye—that is, a line going through the middle of the pupil and the centre of the eye. [Fr. optique—Gr. optikos.]

Optime, op′ti-mē, n. in the university of Cambridge, one of those in the second or third rank of honours (senior and junior optimes respectively), next to the wranglers.—n.pl. Optimā′tes, the Roman aristocracy. [L. optimus, best.]

Optimism, op′ti-mizm, n. the doctrine that everything is ordered for the best: a disposition to take a hopeful view of things—opp. to Pessimism.—v.i. Op′timise, to take the most hopeful view of anything.—n. Op′timist, one who holds that everything is ordered for the best.—adj. Optimist′ic.—adv. Optimist′ically.—n. Op′timum (bot.), that point of temperature at which metabolic—i.e. vegetative and fructificative processes are best carried on. [L. optimus, best.]

Option, op′shun, n. act of choosing: power of choosing or wishing: wish.—adj. Op′tional, left to one's option or choice.—adv. Op′tionally.—n. Op′tions, a mode of speculating, chiefly in stocks and shares, which is intended to limit the speculator's risk. It consists in paying a sum down for the right to put (make delivery) or call (call for delivery) a given amount of stock at a fixed future date, the price also being fixed at the time the contract is entered into.—Local option (see Local). [L. optio, optionis—optāre, to choose.]

Optometer, Optometry. See Optic.

Opulent, op′ū-lent, adj. wealthy.—n. Op′ulence, means: riches: wealth.—adv. Op′ulently. [Fr.,—L. op-ulentus.]

Opuntia, ō-pun′shi-a, n. a genus of cacti.

Opus, ō′pus, n. work, a work.—Opus magnum, the great work of one's life; Opus operantis (theol.), the effect of a sacrament ascribed chiefly, if not exclusively, to the spiritual disposition of the recipient, the grace flowing ex opere operantis—the Protestant view; Opus operatum, the due celebration of a sacrament necessarily involving the grace of the sacrament, which flows ex opere operato from the sacramental act performed independent of the merit of him who administers it—the R.C. view.

Opuscule, ō-pus′kūl, n. a little work.—Also Opus′cle, Opus′culum. [L. opusculum, dim. of opus, work.]

Or, or, adv. ere, before. [Ere.]

Or, or, conj. marking an alternative, and sometimes opposition [short for other, modern Eng. either].—prep. (B.) before. [In this sense a corr. of ere.]

Or, or, n. (her.) gold. [Fr.,—L. aurum, gold.]

Orach, Orache, or′ach, n. one of several European plants used as spinach. [Fr. arroche.]

Oracle, or′a-kl, n. the answer spoken or uttered by the gods: the place where responses were given, and the deities supposed to give them: a person famed for wisdom: a wise decision: (B.) the sanctuary: (pl.) the revelations made to the prophets: the word of God.—adj. Orac′ular, delivering oracles: resembling oracles: grave: venerable: not to be disputed: ambiguous: obscure—also Orac′ulous.—ns. Oracular′ity, Orac′ularness.—adv. Orac′ularly. [Fr.,—L. ora-culum, double dim. from orāre, to speak—os, oris, the mouth.]

Oragious, ō-rā′jus, adj. stormy. [Fr.]

Oraison, or′i-zun, n. (Shak.). Same as Orison.

Oral, ō′ral, adj. uttered by the mouth: spoken, not written.—adv. O′rally. [L. os, oris, the mouth.]

Orale, or-ā′le, n. a white silk veil, with coloured stripes, sometimes worn by the Pope.

Orang, ō-rang′, n. See Orang-outang.

Orange, or′anj, n. a delightful gold-coloured fruit with a thick, rough skin, within which are usually from eight to ten juicy divisions: the tree on which it grows: a colour composed of red and yellow.—adj. pertaining to an orange: orange-coloured.—ns. Orangeāde′, a drink made with orange juice; Or′ange-bloss′om, the white blossom of the orange-tree, worn by brides.—adj. Or′ange-col′oured, having the colour of an orange.—ns. Or′ange-lil′y, a garden-plant with large orange flowers; Or′ange-peel, the rind of an orange separated from the pulp; Or′angery, a plantation of orange-trees: an orange-garden.—adj. Or′ange-taw′ny (Shak.), of a colour between orange and brown.—n. the colour itself.—n. Or′ange-wife (Shak.), a woman who sells oranges. [Fr.,—It. arancio—Pers. naranj, the n being dropped; it was thought to come from L. aurum, gold, hence Low L. aurantium.]

Orangeman, or′anj-man, n. a member of a society instituted in Ireland in 1795 to uphold Protestantism, or the cause of William of Orange—a secret society since its formal suppression in 1835 after a protracted parliamentary inquiry.—adj. Or′ange.—n. Or′angeism. [From the principality of Orange (L. Arausio), near Avignon, ruled by its own sovereigns from the 11th to the 16th century, passing by the last heiress in 1531 to the Count of Nassau, father of William the Silent.]

Orang-outang, ō-rang′-ōō-tang′, n. an anthropoid ape, found only in the forests of Sumatra and Borneo, reddish-brown, arboreal in habit.—Also Orang′ and Orang′-utan′. [Malay, 'man of the woods.']

Orant, ō′rant, n. a worshipping figure in ancient Greek and early Christian art.

Orarian, ō-rā′ri-an, adj. pertaining to the coast. [L. ora, the shore.]

Orarion, ō-rā′ri-on, n. a deacon's stole in the Eastern Church.

Orarium, ō-rā′ri-um, n. a linen neckcloth or handkerchief: a scarf attached to a bishop's staff. [L. os, oris, the mouth.]

Orarium, ō-rā′ri-um, n. a collection of private devotions. [L. orāre, to pray.]

Oration, ō-rā′shun, n. a public speech of a formal character: an eloquent speech.—n. Oratiun′cle, a brief speech. [Fr.,—L. oratio—orāre, to pray.]

Orator, or′a-tor, n. a public speaker: a man of eloquence: a spokesman or advocate:—fem. Or′atress, Or′atrix.—v.i. Or′āte, to deliver an oration.—adjs. Oratō′rial; Orator′ical, pertaining to oratory: becoming an orator.—adv. Orator′ically.—n. Or′atory, the art of speaking well, or so as to please and persuade, esp. publicly: the exercise of eloquence: an apartment or building for private worship: one of various congregations in the R.C. Church, esp. the Fathers of the Oratory, established by St Philip Neri (1515-95): a religious house of theirs.

Oratorio, or-a-tō′ri-ō, n. a sacred story set to music, which, as in the opera, requires soloists, chorus, and full orchestra for its performance, the theatrical adjuncts, however, of scenery, costumes, and acting bring dispensed with. [It., so called because first performed in the Oratory of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, near Rome, under the care of St Philip Neri (1571-94).]

Orb, orb, adj. (obs.) bereft, esp. of children. [L. orbus.]

Orb, orb, n. a circle: a sphere: a celestial body: a wheel: any rolling body: the eye: (archit.) a blank window or panel: the globe forming part of regalia, the monde or mound: the space within which the astrological influence of a planet operates.—v.t. to surround: to form into an orb.—adjs. Or′bate; Orbed, in the form of an orb; circular; Orbic′ular, having the form of an orb or sphere: spherical: round.—n. Orbiculā′ris, a muscle surrounding an opening.—adv. Orbic′ularly.—n. Orbic′ularness.—adjs. Orbic′ulate, -d, made in the form of an orb.—n. Orbiculā′tion.—adj. Or′by, orbed. [L. orbis, circle.]

Orbilius, or-bil′i-us, n. a flogging schoolmaster—from Horace's master.

Orbit, or′bit, n. the path in which one of the heavenly bodies, as a planet, moves round another, as the sun: the hollow in the bone in which the eyeball rests—also Or′bita: the skin round the eye.—adjs. Or′bital, Or′bitary. [L. orbita—orbis, a ring.]

Orc, ork, n. any whale, the grampus. [L. orca.]

Orcadian, or-kā′di-an, adj. of or pertaining to the Orkney Islands.—n. an inhabitant or a native of the Orkneys. [L. Orcades.]

Orchard, or′chard, n. a garden of fruit-trees, esp. of apple-trees, also the enclosure containing such.—ns. Or′chard-house, a glass house for cultivating fruits without artificial heat; Or′charding; Or′chardist. [A.S. orceard—older form ort-geard.]

Orchella-weed=Archil (q. v.).

Orcheocele, or-ke-o-sēl′, n. a tumour or inflammation of the testicle.—ns. Orchial′gia, pain, esp. neuralgia, in a testicle; Orchidec′tomy, Orchot′omy, the excision of a testicle; Orchiodyn′ia, pain in a testicle; Orchī′tis, inflammation of a testicle.—adj. Orchit′ic. [Gr. orchis, a testicle, kēlē, a tumour.]

Orchestra, or′kes-tra, n. in the Greek theatre, the place where the chorus danced: now the part of a theatre or concert-room in which the musicians are placed: the performers in an orchestra.—ns. Orchē′sis, the art of dancing or rhythmical movement of the body; Orchesog′raphy, the theory of dancing.—adjs. Or′chestral, Orches′tric, of or pertaining to an orchestra: performed in an orchestra.—v.t. Or′chestrāte, to arrange for an orchestra.—ns. Orchestrā′tion, the arrangement of music for an orchestra: instrumentation; Orches′trion, a musical instrument of the barrel-organ kind, designed to imitate an orchestra. [L.,—Gr. orchēstra—orchesthai, to dance.]

Orchid, or′kid, n. a plant with a rich, showy, often fragrant flower, frequently found growing, in warm countries, on rocks and stems of trees.—adjs. Orchidā′ceous, Orchid′ēous, pertaining to the orchids.—ns. Orchidol′ogy, the knowledge of orchids; Or′chis, a genus containing ten of the British species of orchids. [Gr. orchis, a testicle.]

Orchil, or′kil, n. the colouring matter derived from archil (q.v.).

Orcine, or′sin, n. a colouring matter obtained from orchella-weed and other lichens.

Ordain, or-dān′, v.t. to put in order: to appoint: to dispose or regulate: to set apart for an office: to invest with ministerial functions.—adj. Ordain′able.—ns. Ordain′er; Ordain′ment.—adj. Or′dinal, showing order or succession.—n. a number noting order or place among others: a body of regulations, a book containing forms and rules for ordination.—n. Or′dinance, that which is ordained by authority: a law: a religious practice or right established by authority.—adj. Or′dinant (Shak.), ordaining, decreeing.—n. one who ordains, as a bishop—opp. to Or′dinand, or one who is to be ordained.—n. Ordinā′tion, the act of ordaining: admission to the Christian ministry by the laying on of hands of a bishop or a presbytery: established order. [O. Fr. ordener (Fr. ordonner)—L. ordināre, -ātum—ordo.]

Ordeal, or′de-al, n. a dealing out or giving of just judgment: an ancient form of referring a disputed question to the judgment of God, by lot, fire, water, &c.: any severe trial or examination. [A.S. or-dél, or-dál; cf. Dut. oor-deel, Ger. ur-theil.]

Order, or′dėr, n. regular arrangement, method: degree, rank, or position: rule, regular system or government: command: a class, a society of persons of the same profession, &c.: a religious fraternity: a dignity conferred by a sovereign, &c., giving membership in a body, after the medieval orders of knighthood, also the distinctive insignia thereof: social rank generally: a number of genera having many important points in common: a commission to supply, purchase, or sell something: (archit.) one of the different ways in which the column, with its various parts and its entablature, are moulded and related to each other: due action towards some end, esp. in old phrase 'to take order:' the sacerdotal or clerical function: (pl.) the several degrees or grades of the Christian ministry.—v.t. to arrange: to conduct: to command.—v.i. to give command.—ns. Or′der-book, a book for entering the orders of customers, the special orders of a commanding officer, or, the motions to be put to the House of Commons; Or′derer; Or′dering, arrangement: management: the act or ceremony of ordaining, as priests or deacons.—adj. Or′derless, without order: disorderly.—n. Or′derliness.—adj. Or′derly, in good order: regular: well regulated: of good behaviour: quiet: being on duty.—adv. regularly: methodically.—n. a non-commissioned officer who carries official messages for his superior officer, formerly the first sergeant of a company.—adj. Or′dinate, in order: regular.—n. the distance of a point in a curve from a straight line, measured along another straight line at right angles to it—the distance of the point from the other of the two lines is called the abscissa, and the two lines are the axes of co-ordinates.—adv. Or′dinately.—Order-in-Council, a sovereign order given with advice of the Privy Council; Order-of-battle, the arrangement of troops or ships at the beginning of a battle; Order-of-the-day, in a legislative assembly, the business set down to be considered on any particular day: any duty assigned for a particular day.—Close order, the usual formation for soldiers in line or column, the ranks 16 inches apart, or for vessels two cables'-length (1440 ft.) apart—opp. to Extended order; Full orders, the priestly order; Minor orders, those of acolyte, exorcist, reader, and doorkeeper; Open order, a formation in which ships are four cables'-length (2880 ft.) apart; Sailing orders, written instructions given to the commander of a vessel before sailing; Sealed orders, such instructions as the foregoing, not to be opened until a certain specified time; Standing orders or rules, regulations for procedure adopted by a legislative assembly.—In order, and Out of order, in accordance with regular and established usage of procedure, in subject or way of presenting it before a legislative assembly, &c., or the opposite; In order to, for the end that; Take order (Shak.), to take measures. [Fr. ordre—L. ordo, -inis.]

Ordinaire, or-din-ār′, n. wine for ordinary use—usually vin ordinaire: a soldier's mess: a person of common rank.

Ordinary, or′di-na-ri, adj. according to the common order: usual: of common rank: plain: of little merit: (coll.) plain-looking.—n. a judge of ecclesiastical or other causes who acts in his own right: something settled or customary: actual office: a bishop or his deputy: a place where regular meals are provided at fixed charges: the common run or mass: (her.) one of a class of armorial charges, called also honourable ordinaries, figures of simple outline and geometrical form, conventional in character—chief, pale, fess, bend, bend-sinister, chevron, cross, saltire, pile, pall, bordure, orle, tressure, canton, flanches.—adv. Or′dinarily.—Ordinary of the mass, the established sequence or fixed order for saying mass.—In ordinary, in regular and customary attendance.

Ordnance, ord′nans, n. great guns: artillery: (orig.) any arrangement, disposition, or equipment.—Ordnance survey, a preparation of maps and plans of Great Britain and Ireland, or parts thereof, undertaken by government and carried out by men selected from the Royal Engineers—so called because in earlier days the survey was carried out under the direction of the Master-general of the Ordnance. [Ordinance.]

Ordonnance, or′do-nans, n. co-ordination, esp. the proper disposition of figures in a picture, parts of a building, &c.

Ordure, or′dūr, n. dirt: dung: excrement: also fig. anything unclean.—adj. Or′durous. [Fr.,—O. Fr. ord, foul—L. horridus, rough.]

Ore, ōr, n. metal as it comes from the mine: metal mixed with earthy and other substances. [A.S. ór, another form of ár, brass; Ice. eir, L. æs, ær-is, bronze.]

Oread, ō′rē-ad, n. (myth.) a mountain nymph:—pl. O′reads, or Orē′ades. [Gr. oreias, oreiados—oros, a mountain.]

Oreog′raphy=Orography.

Organ, or′gan, n. an instrument or means by which anything is done: a part of a body fitted for carrying on a natural or vital operation: a means of communication, or of conveying information or opinions from one to another of two parties, as an ambassador, a newspaper, &c.: a musical wind instrument consisting of a collection of pipes made to sound by means of compressed air from bellows, and played upon by means of keys: a system of pipes in such an organ, having an individual keyboard, a partial organ: a musical instrument having some mechanism resembling the pipe-organ, as the barrel-organ, &c.—ns. Or′gan-build′er, one who constructs organs; Or′gan-grind′er, a fellow who plays a hand-organ by a crank; Or′gan-harmō′nium, a large harmonium used instead of a pipe-organ.—adjs. Organ′ic, -al, pertaining to an organ: organised: instrumental.—adv. Organ′ically.—n. Organ′icalness.—v.t. Organ′ify, to add organic matter to.—n. Organisabil′ity.—adj. Organis′able, that may be organised.—n. Organisā′tion, the act of organising: the state of being organised.—v.t. Or′ganīse, to supply with organs: to form several parts into an organised whole, to arrange.—ns. Or′ganīser; Or′ganism, organic structure, or a body exhibiting such: a living being, animal or vegetable.—adj. Or′ganismal.—ns. Or′ganist, one who plays on an organ; Or′gan-loft, the loft where an organ stands; Organog′eny, Organogen′esis, history of the development of living organs; Organog′raphy, a description of the organs of plants or animals; Organol′ogy, the study of structure and function; Or′gan-pipe, one of the sounding pipes of a pipe-organ (flue-pipes and reed-pipes); Or′gan-point, a note sustained through a series of chords, although only in harmony with the first and last; Or′ganry, the music of the organ; Or′gan-screen, an ornamental stone or wood screen, on which a secondary organ is sometimes placed in cathedrals; Orguinette′, a mechanical musical instrument, with reeds and exhaust-bellows.—Organic chemistry, the chemistry of substances of animal or vegetable origin, prior to 1828 supposed to be capable of formation only as products of vital processes: the chemistry of the compounds of carbon; Organic disease, a disease accompanied by changes in the structures involved; Organic remains, fossil remains of a plant or animal.—Hydraulic organ, one whose bellows is operated by a hydraulic motor. [Fr. organe—L. organum—Gr. organon.]

Organon, or′ga-non, n. an instrument: a system of rules and principles for scientific investigation: a system of thought: the logic of Aristotle—also Or′ganum:—pl. Or′gana. [Gr., from ergon, a work.]

Organzine, or′gan-zin, n. a silk thread of several twisted together, a fabric of the same. [Fr.]

Orgasm, or′gasm, n. immoderate excitement or action.—adj. Orgas′tic. [Gr. orgasmos, swelling.]

Orgeat, or′zhat, n. a confectioner's syrup made from almonds, sugar, &c. [Fr. orge—L. hordeum, barley.]

Orgulous, or′gū-lus, adj. (Shak.) haughty.

Orgy, or′ji, n. any drunken or riotous rite or revelry, esp. by night—(rare) Orge:—pl. Or′gies, riotous secret rites observed in the worship of Bacchus.—v.i. Orge, to indulge in riotous jollity.—n. Or′giast.—adjs. Orgias′tic, Or′gic. [Fr.,—L. orgia—Gr.]

Orichalc, or′i-kalk, n. (Spens.) a gold-coloured alloy resembling brass.—adj. Orichal′ceous. [Fr., from Gr. oreichalkos, mountain copper—oros, a mountain, chalkos, copper.]

Oriel, ō′ri-el, n. a portico or recess in the form of a window built out from a wall, supported on brackets or corbels—distinguished from a bay window. [O. Fr. oriol, a porch—Low L. oriolum, a highly ornamented recess—L. aureolus, gilded—aurum, gold.]

Orient, ō′ri-ent, adj. rising, as the sun: eastern: bright or pure in colour.—n. the part where the sun rises: the east, or the countries of the east: purity of lustre, as in a pearl.—v.t. to set so as to face the east: to build, as a church, with its length from east to west.—adj. Orien′tal, eastern: pertaining to, in, or from the east.—n. a native of the east.—v.t. Orien′talise.—ns. Orien′talism, an eastern word, expression, or custom; Orien′talist, one versed in the eastern languages: an oriental; Oriental′ity.—v.t. and v.i. Orien′tāte.—ns. Orientā′tion, the act of turning or state of being turned toward the east, the process of determining the east in taking bearings: the situation of a building relative to the points of the compass: the act of making clear one's position in some matter: the homing instinct, as in pigeons; O′rientātor, an instrument for orientating. [L. oriens, -entis, pr.p. of orīri, to rise.]

Orifice, or′i-fis, n. something made like a mouth or opening. [Fr.,—L. orificium—os, oris, mouth, facĕre, to make.]

Oriflamme, or′i-flam, n. a little banner of red silk split into many points, borne on a gilt staff—the ancient royal standard of France. [Fr.,—Low L. auriflamma—L. aurum, gold, flamma, a flame.]

Origan, or′i-gan, n. wild marjoram.—Also Orig′anum. [Fr.,—L. origanum.—Gr. origanon—oros, mountain, ganos, brightness.]

Origenist, or′ij-en-ist, n. a follower of Origen (c. 186-254 A.D.), his allegorical method of scriptural interpretation, or his theology, esp. his heresies—the subordination though eternal generation of the Logos, pre-existence of all men, and universal restoration, even of the devil.—n. Or′igenism.—adj. Origenist′ic.

Origin, or′i-jin, n. the rising or first existence of anything: that from which anything first proceeds: (math.) the fixed starting-point: cause: derivation.—adjs. Orig′inable; Orig′inal, pertaining to the origin or beginning: first in order or existence: in the author's own words or from the artist's own pencil: not copied: not translated: having the power to originate, as thought.—n. origin: first copy: the precise language used by a writer: an untranslated tongue: a person of marked individuality.—ns. Original′ity, Orig′inalness, quality or state of being original or of originating ideas.—adv. Orig′inally.—v.t. Orig′ināte, to give origin to: to bring into existence.—v.i. to have origin: to begin.—n. Originā′tion, act of originating or of coming into existence: mode of production.—adj. Orig′inātive, having power to originate or bring into existence.—n. Orig′inātor. [Fr. origine—L. origo, originis—orīri, to rise.]

Orillon, o-ril′lon, n. a semicircular projection at the shoulder of a bastion intended to cover the guns and defenders on the flank. [Fr.,—oreille, an ear—L. auricula, dim. of auris, ear.]

Oriole, ōr′i-ōl, n. the golden thrush. [O. Fr. oriol—L. aureolus, dim. of aureus, golden—aurum, gold.]

Orion, ō-rī′on, n. (astron.) one of the constellations containing seven very bright stars, three of which, in a straight line, form Orion's belt. [Orion, a hunter placed among the stars at his death.]

Orismology, or-is-mol′ō-ji, n. the science of defining technical terms.—adjs. Orismolog′ic, -al. [Gr. horismos—horizein, to bound.]

Orison, or′i-zun, n. a prayer. [O. Fr. orison (Fr. oraison)—L. oratio, -ōnis—orāre, to pray.]

Orle, orl, n. (archit.) a fillet under the ovolo of a capital—also Or′let: (her.) a border within a shield at a short distance from the edge. [O. Fr., border, from Low L. orlum, dim. of L. ora, border.]

Orleanist, or′lē-an-ist, n. one of the family of the Duke of Orleans, brother of Louis XIV. of France: a supporter of the claims of this family to the throne of France.—adj. favourable to the claims of the Orleans family.—ns. Or′leanism; Or′leans, a wool and cotton cloth for women's dresses.

Orlop, or′lop, n. the deck below the berth-deck in a ship where the cables, &c., are stowed. [Dut. overloop, the upper deck—overlopen, to run over.]

Ormer, or′mėr, n. an ear-shell or sea-ear.

Ormolu, or′mo-lōō, n. an alloy of copper, zinc, and tin: gilt or bronzed metallic ware: gold-leaf prepared for gilding bronze, &c. [Fr. or—L. aurum, gold, moulu, pa.p. of moudre, to grind—L. molāre, to grind.]

Ormuzd, or′muzd, n. the name of the chief god of the ancient Persians: the creator and lord of the whole universe: (later) the good principle, as opposed to Ahriman, the bad. [A corr. of Pers. Ahura-Mazdâh=the Living God or Lord (ahu='the living,' 'life,' or 'spirit,' root ah='to be'), the Great Creator (maz+dâ=Sans. mahâ+dhâ), or the Wise One.]

Ornament, or′na-ment, n. anything that adds grace or beauty: additional beauty: a mark of honour: (pl., Pr. Bk.) all the articles used in the services of the church.—v.t. to adorn: to furnish with ornaments.—adj. Ornament′al, serving to adorn or beautify.—adv. Ornament′ally.—ns. Ornamentā′tion, act or art of ornamenting: (archit.) ornamental work; Or′namenter; Or′namentist.—adj. Ornate′, ornamented: decorated: highly finished, esp. applied to a style of writing.—adv. Ornate′ly.—n. Ornate′ness. [Fr. ornement—L. ornamentum—ornāre, to adorn.]

Ornis, or′nis, n. the birds collectively of a region, its avifauna.—adj. Ornith′ic.—ns. Ornithich′nite (geol.), the footmark of a bird found impressed on sandstone, &c.; Ornithodel′phia, the lowest of the three sub-classes of mammals, same as Monotremata—from the ornithic character of the urogenital organs.—adjs. Ornithodel′phian (also n.), Ornithodel′phic, Ornithodel′phous; Or′nithoid, somewhat ornithic.—ns. Ornith′olite (geol.), the fossil remains of a bird: a stone occurring of various colours and forms bearing the figures of birds.—adj. Ornitholog′ical, pertaining to ornithology.—adv. Ornitholog′ically.—ns. Ornithol′ogist, one versed in ornithology, or who makes a special study of birds; Ornithol′ogy, the science and study of birds; Or′nithomancy, divination by means of birds, by observing their flight, &c.—adjs. Ornithoman′tic; Ornithoph′ilous, bird-fertilised; Or′nithopod, Ornithop′odous, having feet like a bird.—ns. Ornithorhyn′chus, an animal in Australia, with a body like an otter and a snout like the bill of a duck, also called Duck-bill; Ornithos′copy, observation of birds or of their habits; Ornithot′omy, the act of dissecting birds. [Gr. ornis, ornithos, a bird.]

Orography, or-og′ra-fi, n. the description of mountains—also Orol′ogy.—n. Orog′eny, the origin and formation of mountains.—adjs. Orograph′ic, -al; Orolog′ical, of or pertaining to orology.—ns. Orol′ogist, one versed in orology; Orom′eter, a mountain-barometer. [Gr. oros, a mountain.]

Oroide, ō′rō-īd, n. an alloy of copper, tin, and other metals used for watch-cases, cheap jewellery, &c.—Also O′rēide. [Fr. or—L. aurum, gold, Gr. eidos, form.]

Orotund, ō′rō-tund, adj. full, clear, and musical, as speech.—n. full, clear, and musical speech, as when directly from the larynx. [L. os, oris, the mouth, rotundus, round.]

Orphan, or′fan, n. a child bereft of father or mother, or of both.—adj. bereft of parents.—v.t. to bereave of parents.—ns. Or′phanage, the state of being an orphan: a house for orphans; Or′phan-asy′lum; Or′phanhood, Or′phanism; Orphanot′rophy, the supporting of orphans. [Gr. orphanos, akin to L. orbus, bereaved.]

Orpharion, or-fā′ri-on, n. a large lute with six to nine metal strings.—Also Orpheō′reon.

Orphean, or′fē-an, adj. pertaining to Orpheus, a poet who could move inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.—adj. Or′phic, pertaining to Orpheus, or the mysteries connected with the cult of Bacchus.—v.i. Or′phise.—n. Or′phism.

Orphrey, or′fri, n. gold or other rich embroidery attached to vestments, esp. chasuble and cope. [Fr. orfroi—or—L. aurum, gold, Fr. fraise, fringe.]

Orpiment, or′pi-ment, n. arsenic trisulphide, giving king's yellow and realgar (red).—ns. Or′pine, Or′pin, a deep-yellow colour: the Sedum Telephium, a popular vulnerary. [Fr.,—L. auripigmentum—aurum, gold, pigmentum, paint.]

Orra, or′a, adj. (Scot.) odd: not matched: left over: doing odd pieces of work: worthless.

Orrery, or′ėr-i, n. an apparatus for illustrating, by balls mounted on rods and moved by clockwork around a centre, the size, positions, motions, &c. of the heavenly bodies. [From Charles Boyle, fourth Earl of Orrery (1676-1731).]

Orris, or′is, n. a species of iris in the south of Europe, the dried root of which has the smell of violets, used in perfumery.—Also Orr′ice.

Orris, or′is, n. a peculiar kind of gold or silver lace: upholsterers' galloon and gimp. [Orphrey.]

Orseille, or-sāl′, n. a colouring matter (cf. Archil and Litmus).—adj. Orsel′lic. [Fr.]

Ort, ort, n. a fragment, esp. one left from a meal—usually pl. [Low Ger. ort, refuse of fodder.]

Orthocephaly, or-thō-sef′a-li, n. the character of a skull in which the ratio between the vertical and transverse diameters is from 70 to 75.—adj. Orthocephal′ic.

Orthoceras, or-thos′e-ras, n. a genus of fossil cephalopods, having the shell straight or but slightly curved.

Orthochromatic, or-thō-krō-mat′ik, adj. correct in rendering the relation of colours, without the usual photographic modifications. [Gr. orthos, right, chrōma, colour.]

Orthoclase, or′tho-klāz, n. common or potash feldspar.—adj. Orthoclas′tic. [Gr. orthos, straight, klasis, a fracture.]

Orthodox, or′tho-doks, adj. sound in doctrine: believing the received or established opinions, esp. in religion: according to the received doctrine.—adv. Or′thodoxly.—ns. Or′thodoxness; Or′thodoxy, soundness of opinion or doctrine: belief in the commonly accepted opinions, esp. in religion. [Through Fr. and Late L. from Gr. orthodoxos—orthos, right, doxa, opinion—dokein, to seem.]

Orthodromic, or-thō-drom′ik, adj. pertaining to Or′thodromy, the art of sailing on a great circle or in a straight course.

Orthoëpy, or′tho-e-pi, n. (gram.) correct pronunciation of words.—adjs. Orthoëp′ic, -al.—adv. Orthoëp′ically.—n. Or′thoëpist, one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. orthos, right, epos, a word.]

Orthogamy, or-thog′a-mi, n. (bot.) direct or immediate fertilisation.

Orthognathous, or-thog′nā-thus, adj. straight-jawed—also Orthognath′ic.—n. Orthog′nathism. [Gr. orthos, straight, gnathos, the jaw.]

Orthogon, or′tho-gon, n. (geom.) a figure with all its angles right angles.—adj. Orthog′onal, rectangular.—adv. Orthog′onally. [Gr. orthos, right, gōnia, angle.]

Orthographer, or-thog′ra-fėr, n. one who spells words correctly—also Orthog′raphist.—adjs. Orthograph′ic, -al, pertaining or according to orthography: spelt correctly.—adv. Orthograph′ically.—n. Orthog′raphy (gram.), the art or practice of spelling words correctly. [Gr. orthographia—orthos, right, graphein, to write.]

Orthometry, or-thom′et-ri, n. the art of constructing verse correctly.

Orthopædia, or-thō-pē-dī′a, n. the art or process of curing deformities of the body, esp. in childhood—also Or′thopædy, Or′thopedy.—adjs. Orthopæ′dic, -al, Orthoped′ic, -al.—ns. Orthopæ′dics, Orthoped′ics, orthopædic surgery; Or′thopædist, Or′thopedist, one skilled in the foregoing. [Gr. orthos, straight, pais, paidos, a child.]

Orthophony, or′thō-fō-ni, n. the art of correct speaking: the proper culture of the voice. [Gr. orthos, straight, phōnein, to speak—phōnē, voice.]

Orthopnœa, or-thop-nē′a, n. dyspnœa.—n. Orthop′nic, one who can breathe in an upright posture only. [Gr. orthos, straight, pnein, to breathe.]

Orthopraxy, or′thō-prak-si, n. correct practice or procedure.

Orthoptera, or-thop′tėr-a, n. an order of insects with wing-covers, that overlap at the top when shut, under which are the true wings, which fold lengthwise like a fan.—ns. Orthop′ter, Orthop′teran, an insect of the order orthoptera; Orthopterol′ogy.—adj. Orthop′terous, pertaining to the orthoptera. [Gr. orthos, straight, ptera, pl. of pteron, wing.]

Orthoscopic, or-thō-skop′ik, adj. seeing correctly: appearing normal to the eye. [Gr. orthos, straight, skopein, to see.]

Orthostyle, or′thō-stīl, n. (archit.) an arrangement of columns or pillars in a straight line. [Gr. orthos, straight, stylos, a column.]

Orthotonic, or-thō-ton′ik, adj. retaining an accent in certain positions, but not in others—also Or′thotone.—n. Orthotonē′sis, accentuation of a proclitic or enclitic—opp. to Enclisis. [Gr. orthos, straight, tonos, accent.]

Orthotropism, or-thot′rō-pizm, n. vertical growth in plants.—adjs. Orthot′ropal, Orthotrop′ic, Orthot′ropous. [Gr. orthos, straight, trepein, to turn.]

Orthotypous, or′thō-tī-pus, adj. in mineralogy, having a perpendicular cleavage.

Orthros, or′thros, n. one of the Greek canonical hours, corresponding to the Western lauds. [Gr. orthros, dawn.]

Ortive, or′tiv, adj. rising: eastern.

Ortolan, or′tō-lan, n. a kind of bunting, common in Europe, and considered a great table delicacy. [Fr.,—It. ortolano—L. hortulanus, belonging to gardens—hortulus, dim. of hortus, a garden.]

Orvietan, or-vi-ē′tan, n. a supposed antidote or counter-poison.—n. Orviē′to, an esteemed still white wine.

Oryctics, ō-rik′tiks, n. the branch of geology relating to fossils.—adjs. Oryctograph′ic, -al.—n. Oryctozoöl′ogy, palæontology. [Gr. oryctos, fossil.]

Oryx, or′iks, n. a genus of antelopes. [Gr., a pick-axe.]

Oryza, ō-rī′za, n. a small tropical genus of true grasses, including rice.

Os, os, n. a bone. [L.]

Oscan, os′kan, n. and adj. one of an ancient Italic race in southern Italy: a language closely akin to Latin, being a ruder and more primitive form of the same central Italic tongue.

Oscheal, os′kē-al, adj. pertaining to the scrotum.—ns. Oscheī′tis, inflammation of the scrotum; Os′cheocele, a scrotal hernia; Os′cheoplasty, plastic surgery of the scrotum. [Gr. oschē, the scrotum.]

Oscillate, os′sil-lāt, v.i. to move backwards and forwards like a pendulum: to vary between certain limits.—n. Os′cillancy, a swinging condition.—adj. Os′cillāting.—n. Oscillā′tion, act of oscillating: a swinging like a pendulum: variation within limits.—adjs. Os′cillātive, having a tendency to vibrate; Os′cillātory, swinging: moving as a pendulum does. [L. oscillāre, -ātum, to swing—oscillum, a swing.]

Oscines, os′si-nēz, n.pl. a sub-order of birds of the order Passeres.—adj. Os′cine—also n. [L. oscen, oscinis, a singing-bird.]

Oscitancy, os′si-tan-si, n. sleepiness, stupidity.—adj. Os′citant.—adv. Os′citantly.—v.i. Os′citate, to yawn.—n. Oscitā′tion, act of yawning or gaping from sleepiness. [L. oscitāre, to yawn.]

Osculant, os′kū-lant, adj. kissing: adhering closely: (biol.) situated between two other genera, and partaking partly of the character of each.—v.t. Os′culāte, to kiss: to touch, as two curves: to form a connecting-link between two genera.—adj. of or pertaining to kissing.—n. Osculā′tion.—adj. Os′culātory, of or pertaining to kissing: (geom.) having the same curvature at the point of contact.—n. a tablet with a picture of the Virgin or of Christ, which was kissed by the priest and then by the people.—ns. Os′cule, a little mouth: a small bilabiate aperture; Os′cūlum, a mouth in sponges: one of the suckers on the head of a tapeworm. [L. osculāri, -ātus—osculum, a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of os, mouth.]

Osier, ō′zhėr, n. the popular name for those species of willow whose twigs are used in making baskets, &c.—adj. made of or like osiers.—adj. O′siered, adorned with willows.—n. O′siery, a place where osiers are grown. [Fr.; perh. from Gr. oisos.]

Osiris, ō-sī′ris, n. the greatest of Egyptian gods, son of Seb and Nut, or Heaven and Earth, married to Isis, slain by Set but avenged by his son Horus, judge of the dead in the nether-world.

Osite, os′īt, n. Sombrero guano.

Osmanli, os-man′li, adj. of or belonging to Turkey.—n. a member of the reigning family of Turkey: a subject of the emperor of Turkey. [Osman or Othman, who founded the Turkish empire in Asia, and reigned 1288-1326.]

Osmeterium, os-mē-tē′ri-um, n. an organ devoted to the production of an odour, esp. the forked process behind the head of certain butterfly-larvæ:—pl. Osmetē′ria.

Osmidrosis, os-mi-drō′sis, n. the secretion of strongly smelling perspiration.—Also Bromidrosis. [Gr. osmē, smell, hidrōsis, sweat.]

Osmium, ōs′mi-um, n. a gray-coloured metal found in platinum ore, the oxide of which has a disagreeable smell.—adjs. Os′mic, Os′mious. [Gr. osmē, smell, orig. od-mē—ozein, to smell.]

Osmose, os′mōs, n. the tendency of fluids to mix or become equally diffused when in contact, even through an intervening membrane or porous structure—also Osmō′sis.—adj. Osmot′ic, pertaining to, or having, the property of osmose.—adv. Osmot′ically. [Gr. ōsmos=ōsis, impulse—ōthein, to push.]

Osmunda, os-mun′da, n. a genus of ferns, the chief species being Osmunda regalis, the royal fern—also called Bog-onion, King-fern, &c.

Osnaburg, oz′na-burg, n. a coarse kind of linen, originally brought from Osnaburg in Germany.

Osprey, os′prā, n. the fish-hawk, a species of eagle very common on the coast of North America. [Corr. from ossifrage, which see.]

Osseous, os′ē-us, adj. bony: composed of, or resembling, bone: of the nature or structure of bone.—ns. Ossā′rium, an ossuary; Oss′ēin, the organic basis of bone; Oss′elet, a hard substance growing on the inside of a horse's knee; Oss′icle, a small bone.—adjs. Ossif′erous, producing bone: (geol.) containing bones; Ossif′ic.—n. Ossificā′tion, the process or state of being changed into a bony substance.—v.t. Oss′ify, to make into bone or into a bone-like substance.—v.i. to become bone:—pa.p. oss′ified.—adj. Ossiv′orous, devouring or feeding on bones.—ns. Os′teoblast, a cell concerned in the formation of bone; Os′teoclast, an apparatus for fracturing bones; Osteocol′la, a deposited carbonate of lime encrusted on the roots and stems of plants; Osteoden′tine, one of the varieties of dentine, resembling bone; Osteogen′esis, the formation or growth of bone—also Osteog′eny; Osteog′rapher; Osteog′raphy, description of bones.—adj. Os′teoid, like bone: having the appearance of bone.—ns. Osteol′epis, a genus of fossil ganoid fishes peculiar to the Old Red Sandstone, so called from the bony appearance of their scales; Osteol′oger, Osteol′ogist, one versed in osteology.—adjs. Osteolog′ic, -al, pertaining to osteology.—adv. Osteolog′ically.—ns. Osteol′ogy, the science of the bones, that part of anatomy which treats of the bones; Osteomalā′cia, a disease in which the earthy salts disappear from the bones, which become soft and misshapen; Os′teophyte, an abnormal bony outgrowth.—adjs. Osteophyt′ic; Osteoplast′ic.—ns. Os′teoplasty, a plastic operation by which a loss of bone is remedied; Osteosarcō′ma, a tumour composed of intermingled bony and sarcomatous tissue; Os′teotome (surg.), a saw-like instrument for cutting bones; Osteot′omy, the division of, or incision into, a bone; Ostī′tis, inflammation of bone. [L. osseus—os, ossis, bone; Gr. osteon, bone.]

Ossianic, os-i-an′ik, adj. pertaining to Ossian or the poems dubiously attributed to him.

Ossifrage, os′i-frāj, n. the sea or bald eagle, common in the United States: (B.) the bearded vulture, the largest of European birds. [L. ossifragus, breaking bones—os, frag, root of frangĕre, fractum, to break.]

Ossuary, os′ū-ar-i, n. a place where the bones of the dead are deposited: a charnel-house. [L. ossuarium, a charnel-house—os, a bone.]

Ostensible, os-tens′i-bl, adj. that may be shown: declared: put forth as real: apparent.—n. Ostensibil′ity.—adv. Ostens′ibly.—adj. Ostens′ive, showing: exhibiting.—adv. Ostens′ively.—ns. Osten′sory, a monstrance; Os′tent (Shak.), appearance, manner: token: portent, prodigy; Ostentā′tion, act of making a display: ambitious display: display to draw attention or admiration: boasting.—adj. Ostentā′tious, given to show: fond of self-display: intended for display.—adv. Ostentā′tiously.—n. Ostentā′tiousness. [L. ostendĕre, ostensum, to show.]

Ostiary, os′ti-ar-i, n. the doorkeeper of a church.

Ostium, os′ti-um, n. an opening: the mouth of a river.—n. Ostiō′le, a small orifice.—adjs. Os′tiolar; Os′tiolāte, furnished with an ostiole. [L.]

Ostler, os′lėr. Same as Hostler.

Ostmen, ost′men. n.pl. the Danish settlers in Ireland.

Ostracea, os-trā′sē′a, n.pl. the oyster family.—adjs. Ostrā′cean, Ostrā′ceous.—ns. Os′tracite, a fossil oyster; Os′trēa, the typical genus of the oyster family; Ostrēicul′ture, oyster-culture; Ostrēicul′turist.

Ostracise, os′tra-sīz, v.t. in ancient Greece, to banish by the vote of the people written on an earthenware tablet: to banish from society.—n. Os′tracism, banishment by ostracising: expulsion from society. [Gr. ostrakizein—ostrakon, an earthenware tablet.]

Ostrich, os′trich, n. the largest of birds, found in Africa, remarkable for its speed in running, and prized for its feathers.—n. Os′trich-farm, a place where ostriches are bred and reared for their feathers. [O. Fr. ostruche (Fr. autruche)—L. avis-, struthio, ostrich—Gr. strouthiōn, an ostrich, strouthos, a bird.]

Ostrogoth, os′trō-goth, n. an eastern Goth: one of the tribe of east Goths who established their power in Italy in 493, and were overthrown in 555.—adj. Os′trogothic.

Otacoustic, ot-a-kows′tik, adj. assisting hearing.—n. an instrument to assist hearing—also Otacous′ticon. [Gr. akoustikos—akouein, to hear—ous, ōtos, ear.]

Otalgia, ō-tal′ji-a, n. earache—also Otal′gy.—ns. Otog′raphy, descriptive anatomy of the ear; Otorrhē′a, a purulent discharge from the ear; O′toscope, an instrument for viewing the interior of the ear.

Otary, ō′tar-i, n. a genus of seals with an external ear:—pl. O′taries.—adj. Ot′arine. [Gr. ōtaros, large-eared—ous, ōtos, ear.]

Other, uth′ėr, adj. and pron. different, not the same: additional: second of two.—adj. Oth′erguess=Othergates.—n. Oth′erness.—advs. Oth′erwhere, elsewhere; Oth′erwhile, Oth′erwhiles, at other times: sometimes; Oth′erwise, in another way or manner: by other causes: in other respects.—conj. else: under other conditions.—Every other, each alternate; Rather ... than otherwise, rather than not; The other day, on some day not long past, quite recently. [A.S. other; cf. Ger. ander, L. alter.]

Othergates, uth′ėr-gātz, adv. (obs.) in another way—also adj. [Other, and gate, way, manner.]

Otic, ō′tik, adj. of or pertaining to the ear.—ns. Otī′tis, inflammation of the internal ear; Ot′ocyst, an auditory vesicle; Ot′olith, a calcareous concretion within the membranous labyrinth of the ear; Otol′ogist, one skilled in otology; Otol′ogy, knowledge of the ear. [Gr. ous, ōtos, ear.]

Otiose, o′shi-ōs, adj. unoccupied: lazy: done in a careless way, perfunctory, futile.—n. Otios′ity, ease, idleness. [L. otiosus—otium, rest.]

Otoscope. See under Otalgia.

Ottava, ot-tä′vä, n. an octave.—Ottava rima, an Italian form of versification consisting of eight lines, the first six rhyming alternately, the last two forming a couplet—used by Byron in Don Juan. [It.]

Otter, ot′ėr, n. a large kind of weasel living entirely on fish. [A.S. otor, oter; cf. Dut. and Ger. otter.]

Otto, ot′o, Ottar, ot′ar (better Att′ar), n. a fragrant oil obtained from certain flowers, esp. the rose. [Ar. ‛itr—‛atira, to smell sweetly.]

Ottoman, ot′o-man, adj. pertaining to the Turkish Empire, founded by Othman or Osman about 1299.—n. a Turk (Shak. Ott′omite): a cushioned seat for several persons sitting with their backs to one another: a low, stuffed seat without a back: a variety of corded silk. [Fr.]

Oubit, ōō′bit, n. a hairy caterpillar. [Prob. the A.S. wibba, a crawling thing.]

Oubliette, ōō-bli-et′, n. a dungeon with no opening but at the top: a secret pit in the floor of a dungeon into which a victim could be precipitated. [Fr.,—oublier, to forget—L. oblivisci.]

Ouch, owch, n. a jewel or ornament, esp. one in the form of a clasp: the socket of a precious stone. [O. Fr. nouche, nosche, from Teut., cf. Old High Ger. nusca, a clasp.]

Oudenarde, ōō′de-närd, n. a kind of decorative tapestry, representing foliage, &c., once made at Oudenarde in Belgium.

Ought, awt, n. (same as Aught) a vulgar corr. of nought.—adv. (Scot.) Ought′lings, at all, in any degree.

Ought, awt, v.i. to be under obligation: to be proper or necessary.—n. Ought′ness, rightness. [A.S. áhte, pa.t. of ágan, to owe.]

Ouistiti, wis′ti-ti, n. a wistit or marmoset.

Ounce, owns, n. the twelfth part of a pound troy=480 grains: 1⁄16 of a pound avoirdupois=437½ troy grains. [O. Fr. unce—L. uncia, the twelfth part.]

Ounce, owns, n. a carnivorous animal of the cat kind, found in Asia, allied to the leopard—(obs.) Once. [Fr. once, prob. Pers. yúz, a panther.]

Oundy, own′di, adj. wavy: scalloped: (her.) undé.

Ouphe, ōōf, n. (Shak.). Same as Oaf.

Our, owr, adj. and pron. pertaining or belonging to us—prov. Ourn.—prons. Ours, possessive of We; Ourself′, myself (as a king or queen would say):—pl. Ourselves (-selvz′), we, not others: us. [A.S. úre, gen. pl. of wé, we.]

Ourang-outang. Same as Orang-outang.

Ourology, Ouroscopy, &c. See Urology under Urine.

Ousel. See Ouzel.

Oust, owst, v.t. to eject or expel.—n. Oust′er (law), ejection: dispossession. [O. Fr. oster (Fr. ôter), to remove; acc. to Diez, from L. haurīre, haustum, to draw (water).]

Out, owt, adv. without, not within: gone forth: abroad: to the full stretch or extent: in a state of discovery, development, &c.: in a state of exhaustion, extinction, &c.: away from the mark: completely: at or to an end: to others, as to hire out: freely: forcibly: at a loss: unsheltered: uncovered.—prep. forth from: outside of: exterior: outlying, remote.—n. one who is out, esp. of office—opp. to In: leave to go out, an outing.—v.i. to go or come out.—interj. away! begone!—n. Out′-and-out′er, a thoroughgoer, a first-rate fellow.—adjs. Out′-of-door, open-air; Out-of-the-way′, uncommon: singular: secluded.—Out and away, by far; Out and out, thoroughly: completely—also as adj. thorough, complete; Out-at-elbows, worn-out, threadbare; Out of character, unbecoming: improper; Out of course, out of order; Out of date, unfashionable: not now in use; Out of favour, disliked; Out of hand, instantly; Out of joint, not in proper connection: disjointed; Out of one's mind, mad; Out of pocket, having spent more than one has received; Out of print, not to be had for sale, said of books, &c.; Out of sorts, or temper, unhappy: cross-tempered; Out of the common, unusual, pre-eminent; Out of the question, that cannot be at all considered; Out of time, too soon or too late: not keeping time in music; Out with, away with: (Scot.) outside of: say, do, &c., at once. [A.S. úte, út; Goth. ut, Ger. aus, Sans. ud.]

Outask, owt-ask′, v.t. to ask or proclaim, as to be married, in church for the last time.

Outbalance, owt-bal′ans, v.t. to exceed in weight or effect: to outweigh.

Outbar, owt-bär′, v.t. (Spens.) to bar out, esp. to shut out by fortifications.

Outbargain, owt-bär′gin, v.t. to get the better of in a bargain.

Outbid, owt-bid′, v.t. to offer a higher price than another.

Outblush, owt-blush′, v.t. to exceed in rosy colour.

Outbluster, owt-blus′tėr, v.t. to exceed in blustering: to get the better of in this way.

Outbound, owt′bownd, adj. bound for a distant port.

Outbounds, owt′bowndz, n.pl. (Spens.) boundaries.

Outbrag, owt-brag′, v.t. to surpass in bragging or boasting: to surpass in beauty or splendour.

Outbrave, owt-brāv′, v.t. (Shak.) to excel in bravery or boldness, to defy.

Outbreak, owt′brāk, n. a breaking out: eruption: a disturbance of the peace.—v.i. Outbreak′, to burst forth.—ns. Out′breaker, a wave which breaks on the shore or on rocks; Out′breaking.

Outbreathe, owt-brēth′, v.t. (Spens.) to breathe out as breath or life: to exhaust or deprive of breath.—v.i. to be breathed out: (Shak.) to expire.

Outbud, owt-bud′, v.i. (Spens.) to sprout forth.

Outbuilding, owt′bild-ing, n. a building separate from, but used in connection with, a dwelling-house or a main building: an outhouse.

Outburn, owt-burn′, v.t. to exceed in burning.—v.i. to burn away.

Outburst, owt′burst, n. a bursting out: an explosion.

Outby, owt′bī, adv. (Scot.) out of doors: (min.) towards the shaft—opp. to Inby.—Also Out′bye.

Outcast, owt′kast, adj. exiled from home or country: rejected.—n. a person banished: a vagabond: an exile: (Scot.) a quarrel: the amount of increase in bulk of grain in malting.

Outcome, owt′kum, n. the issue: consequence: result.

Outcrafty, owt-kraft′i, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in craft.

Outcrop, owt′krop, n. the appearance, at the surface, of a layer of rock or a vein of metal, caused by tilting or inclination of the strata: the part of a layer which appears at the surface of the ground.—v.i. to appear at the surface.

Outcry, owt′krī, n. a loud cry of distress: a confused noise: a public auction.—v.t. to cry louder than.

Outdare, owt-dār′, v.t. to surpass in daring: to defy.

Outdistance, owt-dis′tans, v.t. to distance, leave far behind in any competition.

Outdo, owt-dōō′, v.t. to surpass: excel.

Outdoor, owt′dōr, adj. outside the door or the house: in the open air.—adv. Out′doors, out of the house: abroad.—Outdoor relief, help given to a pauper who does not live in the workhouse.

Outdwell, owt-dwel′, v.t. (Shak.) to dwell or stay beyond.—n. Out-dwell′er, one who owns land in a parish but lives outside it.

Out-edge, owt′-ej, n. the farthest bound.

Outer, owt′ėr, adj. more out or without: external—opp. to Inner.—n. the part of a target outside the rings, a shot striking here.—adj. Out′ermost, most or farthest out: most distant.—Outer bar, the junior barristers who plead outside the bar in court, as distinguished from King's Counsel and others who plead within the bar. [Comp. of out.]

Outface, owt-fās′, v.t. to stare down: to bear down by bravery or impudence: to confront boldly.

Outfall, owt′-fawl, n. the place of discharge of a river, sewer, &c.: (prov.) a quarrel.

Outfield, owt′fēld, n. (Scot.) arable land continually cropped without being manured—opp. to Infield: any open field at a distance from the farm-steading: any undefined district or sphere: at cricket and baseball, the players collectively who occupy the outer part of the field.—n. Out′fielder, one of such players.

Outfit, owt′fit, n. the act of making ready everything required for a journey or a voyage: complete equipment: the articles or the expenses for fitting out: the means for an outfit.—v.t. to fit out, equip.—ns. Out′fitter, one who furnishes outfits; Out′fitting, an outfit: equipment for a voyage.

Outflank, owt-flangk′, v.t. to extend the flank of one army beyond that of another: to get the better of.

Outflash, owt-flash′, v.t. to outshine.

Outfling, owt′fling, n. a sharp retort or gibe.

Outflow, owt-flō′, v.i. to flow out.—n. issue.

Outflush, owt′flush, n. any sudden glow of heat.

Outfly, owt-flī′, v.t. to surpass in flying: to fly faster than: to escape by swiftness of flight.

Outfoot, owt-fōōt′, v.i. to outsail.

Outfrown, owt-frown′, v.t. (Shak.) to frown down.

Outgarth, owt′gärth, n. an outer yard or garden.

Outgaze, owt-gāz′, v.t. to stare out of countenance: to gaze farther than.

Outgeneral, owt-jen′ėr-al, v.t. to outdo in generalship: to prove a better general than.

Outgive, owt-giv′, v.t. and v.i. to surpass in liberality.

Outgo, owt-gō′, v.t. to advance before in going: to surpass: to overreach.—v.i. to go out: to come to an end.—ns. Out′go, that which goes out: expenditure—opp. to Income; Out′goer; Out′going, act or state of going out: extreme limit: expenditure.—adj. departing—opp. to Incoming, as a tenant.

Outgrow, owt-grō′, v.t. to surpass in growth: to grow out of.—n. Out′growth, that which grows out of a thing: growth to excess.

Outguard, owt′gärd, n. a guard at a distance or at the farthest distance from the main body.

Outgush, owt-gush′, v.i. to issue with force.—n. Out′gush, a gushing out.

Outhaul, owt′hawl, n. a rope for hauling out the clew of a sail.—Also Out′hauler.

Out-Herod, owt-her′od, v.t. to surpass (Herod) in cruelty: to exceed, esp. in anything bad.

Outhire, owt-hīr′, v.t. to hire or let out.

Outhouse, owt′hows, n. a small building outside a dwelling-house.

Outing, owt′ing, n. the act of going out, or the distance gone out: an excursion or airing.

Outjest, owt-jest′, v.t. (Shak.) to overpower by jesting: to excel in jesting.

Outjet, owt′jet, n. that which projects from anything.—n. Outjut′ting, a projection.

Outland, owt′land, n. land beyond the limits of cultivation.—adj. (Tenn.) foreign.—n. Out′lander, a foreigner, a person not naturalised.—adj. Outland′ish, belonging to an out or foreign land: foreign: not according to custom: strange: rustic: rude: vulgar.—adv. Outland′ishly.—n. Outland′ishness.

Outlash, owt′lash, n. any sudden outburst.

Outlast, owt-last′, v.t. to last longer than.

Outlaw, owt′law, n. one deprived of the protection of the law: a robber or bandit.—v.t. to place beyond the law: to deprive of the benefit of the law: to proscribe.—n. Out′lawry, the act of putting a man out of the protection of the law: state of being an outlaw. [A.S. útlaga; cf. Ice. útlági—út, out, lög, law.]

Outlay, owt′lā, n. that which is laid out: expenditure.—v.t. to lay out to view.

Outleap, owt′lēp, n. a sally, flight.

Outlearn, owt-lėrn′, v.t. to learn: to excel in learning: to get beyond the instruction of.

Outlet, owt′let, n. the place or means by which anything is let out: the passage outward, vent.

Outlier, owt′lī-ėr, n. (geol.) a portion of a stratum: anything, as detached from the principal mass, and lying some distance from it.—v.t. Outlie′, to beat in lying.—v.i. to live in the open air.

Outline, owt′līn, n. the outer line: the lines by which any figure is bounded: a sketch showing only the main lines: a draft: a set-line in fishing.—v.t. to draw the exterior line of: to delineate or sketch.—adj. Outlin′ear, like an outline.

Outlive, owt-liv′, v.t. to live longer than: to survive.—n. Outliv′er.

Outlodging, owt′loj-ing, n. a lodging outside a college bounds at Oxford and Cambridge.

Outlook, owt′lōōk, n. vigilant watch: view obtained by looking out: prospect, or (fig.) one's prospects: a watch-tower.—v.t. to face courageously.

Outlustre, owt-lus′tėr, v.t. to excel in brightness.

Outlying, owt′lī-ing, adj. lying out or beyond: remote: on the exterior or frontier: detached.

Outman, owt-man′, v.t. to outdo in manliness: to outnumber in men.

Outmanœuvre, owt-ma-nū′vėr, v.t. to surpass in manœuvring.

Outmantle, owt-man′tl, v.t. to excel in dress or ornament.

Outmarch, owt-märch′, v.t. to march faster than: to leave behind by marching.

Outmate, owt-māt′, v.t. to outmatch.

Outmeasure, owt-mezh′ūr, v.t. to exceed in extent.

Outmost, owt′mōst. Same as Outermost.

Outmove, owt-mōōv′, v.t. to move faster than.

Outname, owt-nām′, v.t. to surpass in name, reputation, or importance.

Outness, owt′nes, n. state of being out, externality to the perceiving mind, objectiveness.

Outnumber, owt-num′bėr, v.t. to exceed in number.

Outpace, owt-pās′, v.t. to walk faster than.

Out-paramour, owt-par′a-mōōr, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in number of mistresses.

Outparish, owt′par-ish, n. a rural parish, as distinguished from an urban one.

Outpart, owt′part, n. a part remote from the centre.

Outpassion, owt-pash′un, v.t. (Tenn.) to go beyond in passionateness.

Outpatient, owt′pā-shent, n. a patient who receives aid from a hospital, but lives outside of it.

Outpeer, owt-pēr′, v.t. (Shak.) to surpass or excel.

Out-pensioner, owt′-pen′shun-ėr, n. a non-resident pensioner.

Outport, owt′pōrt, n. a port out of or remote from the chief port: a place of export.

Outpost, owt′pōst, n. a post or station beyond the main body of an army: the troops placed there.

Outpour, owt-pōr′, v.t. to pour out: to send out in a stream.—ns. Outpour′; Outpour′er; Out′pouring, a pouring out: an abundant supply.

Outpower, owt-pow′ėr, v.t. to surpass in power.

Outpray, owt-prā′, v.t. to exceed in earnestness of prayer.

Outprize, owt-prīz′, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in the value set upon it.

Output, owt′pōōt, n. the quantity of metal made by a smelting furnace, or of coal taken from a pit, within a certain time, production generally.

Outquarters, owt-kwär′tėrz, n.pl. quarters situated away from headquarters.

Outquench, owt-kwensh′, v.t. (Spens.) to extinguish.

Outrage, owt′rāj, n. violence beyond measure: excessive abuse: wanton mischief.—v.t. to treat with excessive abuse: to injure by violence, esp. to violate, to ravish.—v.i. to be guilty of outrage.—adj. Outrā′geous, violent: furious: turbulent: atrocious: enormous, immoderate.—adv. Outrā′geously.—n. Outrā′geousness. [O. Fr. oultrage (mod. outrage)—Low L. ultragium—L. ultra, beyond.]

Outrance, owt′rans, n. the utmost extremity: the bitter end.—À outrance, to the bitter end of a combat—usually in Eng. use, À l'outrance. [Fr.]

Outré, ōōt-rā′, adj. beyond what is customary or proper: extravagant: overstrained. [Fr. pa.p. of outrer—outre—L. ultra, beyond.]

Outreach, owt-rēch′, v.t. to reach or extend beyond: to cheat or overreach.

Outredden, owt-red′n, v.t. (Tenn.) to grow redder than.

Outreign, owt-rān′, v.t. (Spens.) to reign longer than: to reign through the whole of (a period).

Outremer, ōōtr-mār′, n. the region beyond sea. [Fr.]

Outride, owt-rīd′, v.t. to ride beyond: to ride faster than.—n. Out′rider, one who rides abroad: a servant on horseback who attends a carriage.

Outrigger, owt′rig-ėr, n. a projecting spar for extending sails or any part of the rigging: a projecting contrivance ending in a float fixed to the side of a canoe against capsizing: an iron bracket fixed to the outside of a boat carrying a rowlock at its extremity to increase the leverage of the oar: a light racing-boat with projecting rowlocks.

Outright, owt′rīt, adv. immediately: at once: completely.—adj. free from reserve: positive, undisguised.

Outrival, owt-rī′val, v.t. to surpass, excel.

Outroad, owt′rōd, n. (obs.) a foray into an enemy's country, a hostile attack—opp. to Inroad.

Outroar, owt-rōr′, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in roaring.—n. Out′roar, an uproar.

Outroot, owt-rōōt′, v.t. to root out.

Outroper, owt-rō′pėr, n. formerly an officer in London who seized the goods of foreigners sold elsewhere than in the public market.

Outrun, owt-run′, v.t. to go beyond in running: to exceed: to get the better of or to escape by running.—n. Out′runner.

Outrush, owt-rush′, v.i. to rush out:—n. a rushing out.

Outsail, owt-sāl′, v.t. to leave behind in sailing.

Outscold, owt-skōld′, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in scolding.

Outscorn, owt-skorn′, v.t. to bear down or confront by contempt: to disregard or despise.

Outscouring, owt′skowr-ing, n. substance washed or scoured out.

Outsell, owt-sel′, v.t. to sell for a higher price than: to exceed in the number or amount of sales.

Out-sentry, owt′-sen-tri, n. a sentry who guards the entrance to a place at a distance.—n. Out′scout, an advance scout.

Outset, owt′set, n. a setting out: beginning.—Also Out′setting.

Outsettlement, owt′set′l-ment, n. a settlement away from the main one.

Outshine, owt-shīn′, v.i. to shine out or forth.—v.t. to excel in shining: to be brighter than.

Outshot, owt′shot, n. (Scot.) a projection in a building: (pl.) in paper-making, rags of second quality.

Outside, owt′sīd, n. the outer side: the farthest limit: the surface: the exterior: one who is without, as a passenger on a coach, &c.: the outer or soiled sheets of a package of paper.—adj. on the outside: exterior: superficial: external: extreme, beyond the limit.—adv. on the outside: not within.—prep. beyond.—ns. Out′side-car, an Irish jaunting-car; Out′sider, one not admitted to a particular company, profession, &c., a stranger, a layman: a racehorse not included among the favourites in the betting: (pl.) a pair of nippers for turning a key in a keyhole from the outside.—Outside country, districts beyond the line of settlements in Australia; Outside of, outside: (coll.) besides.—Get outside of (vulgar), to comprehend: to eat or drink.

Outsight, owt′sīt, n. power of seeing things, outlook.—Outsight plenishing (Scot.), outdoor movables.

Outsit, owt-sit′, v.t. to sit beyond the time of.

Outskirt, owt′skėrt, n. the outer skirt: border: suburb—often used in pl.

Outsleep, owt-slēp′ v.t. (Shak.) to sleep longer than.

Outslide, owt-slīd′, v.t. to slide forward.

Outsoar, owt-sōr′, v.t. to soar beyond.

Outsole, owt′sōl, n. the outer sole of a boot or shoe which rests on the ground.

Outspan, owt-span′, v.t. and v.i. to unyoke or unharness draught-oxen, &c., from a vehicle, to encamp—opp. to Inspan.

Outspeak, owt-spēk′, v.t. to say aloud: to speak more, louder, or longer than.—v.i. to speak boldly, to speak up.—adj. Outspō′ken, frank or bold of speech: uttered with boldness.—n. Outspō′kenness.

Outspeckle, owt′spek'l, n. (Scot.) a laughing-stock.

Outspent, owt-spent′, adj. thoroughly tired out.

Outsport, owt-sport′, v.t. (Shak.) to outdo in sporting.

Outspread, owt-spred′, v.t. to spread out or over.—adj. Outspread′ing.

Outspring, owt′spring, n. the outcome, result, or issue.

Outstand, owt-stand′, v.t. to resist or withstand: to stand beyond the proper time.—v.i. to stand out or project from a mass: to remain unpaid or unsettled in any way.—adj. Outstand′ing, prominent: uncollected: remaining unpaid.

Outstare, owt′stār, v.t. (Shak.) to stare down or abash with effrontery.

Outstay, owt-stā′, v.t. (Shak.) to stay beyond.

Outstep, owt-step′, v.t. to step beyond, overstep.

Outstretch, owt-strech′, v.t. to spread out, extend.

Outstrike, owt-strīk′, v.t. to exceed in striking, so as to overpower.

Outstrip, owt-strip′, v.t. to outrun: to leave behind: to escape beyond one's reach.

Outsum, owt-sum′, v.t. to outnumber.

Outswear, owt-swār′, v.t. to exceed in swearing.

Outsweeten, owt-swēt′n, v.t. to excel in sweetness.

Outswell, owt-swel′, v.t. (Shak.) to overflow.

Outtalk, owt-tawk′, v.t. to talk down.

Outtongue, owt-tung′, v.t. (Shak.) to bear down by talk or noise.

Outtop, owt-top′, v.t. to reach higher than: to excel.

Out-travel, owt-trav′el, v.t. to surpass in travelling, to go more swiftly than.

Outvalue, owt-val′ū, v.t. to exceed in value.

Outvenom, owt-ven′um, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in poison.

Outvie, owt-vī′, v.t. to go beyond in vying with: to exceed: to surpass.

Outvillain, owt-vil′ān, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in villainy.

Outvoice, owt-vois′, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in clamour or noise: to drown the voice of.

Outvote, owt-vōt′, v.t. to defeat by a greater number of votes.

Outwalk, owt-wawk′, v.t. to walk farther, longer, or faster than.

Outwall, owt′wawl, n. the outside wall of a building: (Shak.) external appearance.

Outward, owt′ward, adj. toward the outside: external: exterior: not inherent, adventitious: (theol.) worldly, carnal—opp. to Inward or spiritual: (B.) public.—adv. toward the exterior: away from port: to a foreign port: superficially—also Out′wards.—n. Out′ward (Shak.), external form: the outside.—adj. Out′ward-bound, bound outwards or to a foreign port.—adv. Out′wardly, in an outward manner: externally: in appearance.—n. Out′wardness.—adj. Out′ward-saint′ed, appearing outwardly to be a saint.

Outward, owt-wawrd′, n. a ward in a detached building connected with a hospital.

Outwatch, owt-wawch′, v.t. to watch longer than.

Outwear, owt-wār′, v.t. to wear out: to spend tediously: to last longer than: to consume.

Outweary, owt-wē′ri, v.t. to weary out completely.

Outweed, owt-wēd′, v.t. (Spens.) to root out.

Outweigh, owt-wā′, v.t. to exceed in weight or importance: to overtask.

Outwell, owt-wel′, v.t. and v.i. to pour or well out.

Outwent, owt-went′, v.t. went faster than, outstripped.

Outwin, owt-win′, v.t. (Spens.) to get out of.

Outwind, owt-wīnd′, v.t. to extricate by winding, to unloose.

Outwing, owt-wing′, v.t. to outstrip in flying: to outflank.

Outwit, owt-wit′, v.t. to surpass in wit or ingenuity: to defeat by superior ingenuity:—pr.p. outwit′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. outwit′ted.

Outwith, owt′with, prep. (Scot.), without, outside of.

Outwork, owt′wurk, n. a work outside the principal wall or line of fortification: work done in the fields, out of doors, as distinguished from indoor work.—v.t. Outwork′ (Shak.), to surpass in work or labour: to work out or bring to an end: to finish.—n. Out′worker, one who works out of doors, or who takes away work to do at home.

Outworth, owt-wurth′, v.t. (Shak.) to exceed in value.

Outwrest, owt-rest′, v.t. (Spens.) to extort by violence.

Ouvrage, ōōv′razh, n. work.—ns. (masc.) Ouvrier (ōōv′ri-ā), (fem.) Ouvrière (ōōv′ri-ār), a working man or woman.—adj. working. [Fr.]

Ouzel, ōō′zl, n. a kind of thrush—also Ou′sel. [A.S. ósle; cog. with Ger. amsel.]

Oval, ō′val, adj. having the shape of an egg.—n. anything oval, a plot of ground, &c.: an ellipse.—adv. O′vally. [Fr. ovale—L. ovum, an egg.]

Ovary, ō′var-i, n. the part of the female animal in which the egg of the offspring is formed, the female genital gland: (bot.) the part of the pistil which contains the seed.—n.pl. O′va, eggs.—adjs. Ovā′rial, Ovā′rian, of or pertaining to the ovary.—ns. Ovā′riōle; Ovariot′omist; Ovariot′omy (surg.), the removal of a diseased tumour from the ovary.—adj. Ovā′rious, consisting of eggs.—n. Ovarī′tis, inflammation of the ovary. [Low L. ovaria.]

Ovate, ō′vāt, n. an Eisteddfodic graduate who is neither a bard nor a druid. [W. ofydd, a philosopher.]

Ovate, -d, ō′vāt, -ed, adj. egg-shaped.

Ovation, ō-vā′shun, n. an outburst of popular applause, an enthusiastic reception: in ancient Rome, a lesser triumph. [Fr.,—L.,—ovāre, -ātum, to shout.]

Oven, uv′n, n. an arched cavity over a fire for baking, heating, or drying: any apparatus used as an oven.—ns. Ov′en-bird, a South American tree-creeper which builds an oven-shaped nest; Ov′en-tit, the willow-warbler; Ov′en-wood, brushwood.—Dutch oven, a baking-pot, heated by heaping coals round it. [A.S. ofen; Ger. ofen.]

Over, ō′vėr, prep. higher than in place, rank, value, &c.: across: on the surface of: upon the whole surface of: through: concerning: on account of: longer than.—adv. on the top: above: across: from one side, person, &c. to another: above in measure: too much: in excess: left remaining: at an end: completely.—adj. upper or superior (often used as a prefix, as in overcoat, overlord, &c.): beyond: past.—n. the number of balls delivered at cricket between successive changes of bowlers: an excess, overplus.—v.t. to go, leap, or vault over.—v.i. to go over.—Over again, afresh, anew; Over against, opposite; Over and above, in addition to: besides; Over and over, several times: repeatedly; Over head and ears, beyond one's depth: completely; Over seas, to foreign lands.—All over, completely: at an end. [A.S. ofer; Ger. über, L. super, Gr. huper.]

Overact, ō-vėr-akt′, v.t. to act overmuch, to overdo any part.—v.i. to act more than necessary.

Over-all, ō′vėr-awl, adv. (Spens.) everywhere, all over.—n.pl. O′veralls, loose trousers of canvas, &c., worn over the others to keep them sound or clean, waterproof leggings.

Over-anxious, ō-vėr-angk′shus, adj. anxious beyond what is right or reasonable.—n. Over-anxī′ety.—adv. Over-anx′iously.

Overarch, ō-vėr-ärch′, v.t. to arch over.—v.i. to hang over like an arch.

Overawe, ō-vėr-aw′, v.t. to restrain by fear or by superior influence.

Overbalance, ō-vėr-bal′ans, v.t. to exceed in weight, value, or importance: to cause to lose (one's) balance.—n. excess of weight or value.

Overbattle, ō-vėr-bat′tl, adj. (obs.) too fertile.

Overbear, ō-vėr-bār′, v.t. to bear down or overpower: to overwhelm.—adj. Overbear′ing, inclined to domineer, esp. in manner or conduct: haughty and dogmatical: imperious.—adv. Overbear′ingly.—n. Overbear′ingness.

Overbid, ō-vėr-bid′, v.t. to offer a price greater than.—v.i. offer more than the value of.

Overblow, ō-vėr-blō′, v.i. to blow over or to be past its violence: to blow with too much violence.—v.t. to blow away: to blow across.—adj. Overblown′, blown over or past, at an end: burnt by an excessive blast, in the Bessemer steel process.

Overblow, ō-vėr-blō′, v.t. to cover with blossoms or flowers.—adj. Overblown′, past the time of flower, withered.

Overboard, ō′vėr-bōrd, adv. over the board or side: from on board: out of a ship.—Thrown overboard, deserted, discarded, betrayed.

Overbody, ō-vėr-bod′i, v.t. to give too much body to.

Overboil, ō′vėr-boil′, v.i. and v.t. to boil excessively.

Overbold, ō-vėr-bōld′, adj. (Shak.) excessively bold: impudent.—adv. Overbold′ly.

Overbridge, ō′vėr-brij, n. a bridge over a road.

Overbrim, ō-vėr-brim′, v.t. to fill to overflowing.—v.i. to be so full as to overflow.—adj. Overbrimmed′, having too large a brim.

Overbrood, ō-vėr-brōōd′, v.t. to brood over.

Overbrow, ō-vėr-brow′, v.t. to overhang like a projecting brow.

Overbuild, ō-vėr-bild′, v.t. to build over: to build more than is needed.—v.i. to build beyond one's means.

Overbulk, ō-vėr-bulk′, v.t. (Shak.) to oppress by bulk.

Overburden, ō-vėr-bur′dn, v.t. to burden overmuch.—n. alluvial soil overlying a bed of ore.

Overburn, ō-vėr-burn′, v.t. to burn too much.—v.i. to be too zealous.

Overbusy, ō-vėr-biz′i, adj. too busy, over-officious.

Overbuy, ō-vėr-bī′, v.t. to buy at too dear a rate: to buy more than is needed.

Overby, ō-vėr-bī′, adv. a little way over—(Scot.) Owerby′, O'erby′.

Overcanopy, ō-vėr-kan′o-pi, v.t. (Shak.) to cover as with a canopy.

Overcareful, ō-vėr-kār′fool, adj. careful to excess.

Overcarry, ō-vėr-kar′i, v.t. to carry too far, to go beyond.—v.i. to go to excess.

Overcast, ō-vėr-kast′, v.t. to cast over: to cloud: to cover with gloom: to sew over or stitch the edges (of a piece of cloth) slightly.—v.i. to grow dull or cloudy.—n. Overcast′ing, the action of the verb overcast: in bookbinding, a method of oversewing single leaves in hem-stitch style to give the pliability of folded double leaves.

Overcatch, ō-vėr-kach′, v.t. (Spens.) to overtake.

Overcharge, ō-vėr-chärj′, v.t. to load with too great a charge: to charge too great a price.—n. O′vercharge, an excessive load or burden: too great a charge, as of gunpowder or of price.

Overcheck, ō-vėr-chek′, n. a check-rein passing over a horse's head between the ears.

Overcloud, ō-vėr-klowd′, v.t. to cover over with clouds: to cause gloom or sorrow to.

Overcloy, ō-vėr-kloi′, v.t. (Shak.) to fill beyond satiety.

Overcoat, ō′vėr-kōt, n. an outdoor coat worn over all the other dress, a top-coat.—n. O′vercoating, cloth from which such is made.

Overcold, ō′vėr-kōld, adj. too cold.

Overcolour, ō-vėr-kul′ur, v.t. to colour to excess, to exaggerate.

Overcome, ō-vėr-kum′, v.t. to get the better of: to conquer or subdue: (obs.) to spread over, surcharge.—v.i. to be victorious.

Over-confident, ō-vėr-kon′fi-dent, adj. too confident.—n. Over-con′fidence.—adv. Over-con′fidently.

Overcount, ō-vėr-kownt′, v.t. to outnumber.

Overcover, ō-vėr-kuv′ėr, v.t. to cover completely.

Overcredulous, ō-vėr-kred′ū-lus, adj. too easily persuaded to believe.

Overcrow, ō-vėr-krō′, v.t. to crow over, insult.

Overcrowd, ō-vėr-krowd′, v.t. to fill or crowd to excess.

Overdaring, ō-vėr-dār′ing, adj. foolhardy.

Overdate, ō′vėr-dāt, v.t. to post-date.

Over-develop, ō-vėr-de-vel′op, v.t. in photography, to develop a plate too much, as by too long a process or by too strong a developer.—n. Over-devel′opment.

Overdight, ō-vėr-dīt′, adj. (Spens.) dight or covered over: overspread.

Overdo, ō-vėr-dōō′, v.t. to do overmuch: to carry too far: to harass, to fatigue: to cook too much: to excel.—n. Overdo′er.—adj. Overdone′, overacted: fatigued: cooked too much.

Overdose, ō-vėr-dōs′, v.t. to dose overmuch.—n. an excessive dose.

Overdraw, ō-vėr-draw′, v.t. to draw overmuch: to draw beyond one's credit: to exaggerate.—n. O′verdraft, the act of overdrawing, the amount by which the cheque, &c., exceeds the sum against which it is drawn: a current of air passing over, not through, the ignited fuel in a furnace: an arrangement of flues by which the kiln is heated from the top toward the bottom—also O′verdraught.

Overdress, ō-vėr-dres′, v.t. to dress too ostentatiously.—n. O′verdress, any garment worn over another.

Overdrive, ō-vėr-drīv′, v.t. to drive too hard.

Overdrop, ō-vėr-drop′, v.t. to drop over: to overhang.

Overdue, ō-vėr-dū′, adj. due beyond the time: unpaid at the right time.

Overdye, ō-vėr-dī′, v.t. to dye too deeply.

Overearnest, ō′vėr-ėr′nest, adj. too earnest.

Overeat, ō-vėr-ēt′, v.t. to surfeit with eating (generally reflexive): (Shak.) to eat over again.

Overentreat, ō-vėr-en-trēt′, v.t. to entreat to excess.

Overestimate, ō-vėr-es′tim-āt, v.t. to estimate too highly.—n. an excessive estimate.—n. Overestimā′tion.

Overexcite, ō′vėr-ek-sīt′, v.t. to excite unduly.—n. Overexcite′ment.

Over-exertion, ō′vėr-eg-zėr′shun, n. too great exertion.

Over-exposure, ō′vėr-eks-pō′zhūr, n. excessive exposure: (photography) the exposure to light for too long a time of the sensitive plate.—v.t. Over-expose′.

Over-exquisite, ō′vėr-eks′kwi-zit, adj. excessively exquisite: over exact or nice: too careful.

Overeye, ō-vēr-ī′, v.t. (Shak.) to overlook or superintend: (Shak.) to observe or remark.

Overfall, ō′vėr-fawl, n. a rippling or race in the sea, where, by the peculiarities of bottom, the water is propelled with immense force, esp. when the wind and tide, or current, set strongly together.

Overfar, ō-vėr-fär′, adv. (Shak.) to too great an extent.

Overfast, ō-vėr-fast′, adj. too fast: at too great speed.

Overfeed, ō-vėr-fēd′, v.t. and v.i. to feed to excess.

Overfill, ō-vėr-fil′, v.t. to fill to excess.

Overfineness, ō′vėr-fīn′nes, n. excessive fineness.

Overfired, ō-vėr-fīrd′, adj. overheated in firing.

Overfish, ō-vėr-fish′, v.t. to fish to excess: to diminish unduly the stock of fish.

Overflourish, ō′vėr-flur′ish, v.t. to make excessive flourish of: to decorate superficially.

Overflow, ō-vėr-flō′, v.t. to flow over: to flood: to overwhelm: to cover, as with numbers.—v.i. to run over: to abound.—n. O′verflow, a flowing over: that which flows over: a pipe or channel for spare water, &c.: an inundation: superabundance: abundance: copiousness.—adj. flowing over: over full: abundant.—adj. Overflow′ing, exuberant, very abundant.—adv. Overflow′ingly.—Overflow meeting, a supplementary meeting of those unable to find room in the main meeting.

Overfly, ō′vėr-flī′, v.t. to soar beyond.

Overfold, ō′vėr-fōld, n. (geol.) a reflexed or inverted fold in strata.

Overfond, ō-vėr-fond′, adj. fond to excess.—adv. Overfond′ly.

Overforward, ō-vėr-for′wärd, adj. too forward or officious.—n. Overfor′wardness.

Overfreight, ō-vėr-frāt′, v.t. to overload.

Overfull, ō-vėr-fool′, adj. (Shak.) too full.—n. Overfull′ness.

Overgaze, ō-vėr-gāz′, v.t. to gaze or look over.

Overget, ō-vėr-get′, v.t. (obs.) to reach, overtake: to get over.

Overgive, ō-vėr-giv′, v.t. (Spens.) to give over or surrender.—v.i. to give too lavishly.

Overglance, ō-vėr-glans′, v.t. (Shak.) to look hastily over.

Overglaze, ō-vėr-glāz′, v.t. to glaze over: decorate superficially.—adj. suitable for painting on glazed articles.—n. O′verglaze, an additional glaze given to porcelain, &c.

Overgloom, ō-vėr-glōōm′, v.t. to cover with gloom.

Overgo, ō-vėr-gō′, v.t. to exceed: excel: to go over: to cover.—v.i. to go over: to pass away.

Overgorge, ō-vėr-gorj′, v.t. (Shak.) to gorge to excess.

Overgrain, ō-vėr-grān′, v.t. and v.i. to grain over a surface already grained.—n. Overgrain′er, a long-bristled brush used in graining wood.

Overgrassed, ō-vėr-grast′, adj. (Spens.) overstocked or overgrown with grass.

Overgreedy, ō-vėr-grēd′i, adj. excessively greedy.

Overgreen, ō-vėr-grēn′, v.t. (Shak.) to cover over so as to hide blemishes.

Overground, ō′vėr-grownd, adj. being above ground.

Overgrow, ō-vėr-grō′, v.t. to grow beyond: to rise above: to cover with growth.—v.i. to grow beyond the proper size.—adj. Overgrown′, grown beyond the natural size.—n. O′vergrowth.

Overhail, ō-vėr-hāl′, v.t. Same as Overhaul.

Overhair, ō′vėr-hār, n. the long hair overlying the fur of many animals.

Overhand, ō′vėr-hand, adj. having the hand raised above the elbow or over the ball at cricket (also O′verhanded): above the shoulder at baseball: (min.) done from below upward.—adv. with the hand over the object.—v.t. to sew over and over.

Overhandle, ō-vėr-han′dl, v.t. (Shak.) to handle or mention too often.

Overhang, ō-vėr-hang′, v.t. to hang over: to project over: to impend: to overlade with ornamentation.—v.i. to hang over.—n. O′verhang, a projecting part, the degree of projection, of roofs, &c.—adj. Overhung′, covered over, adorned with hangings.

Overhappy, ō-vėr-hap′i, adj. excessively or too happy.

Overhasty, ō-vėr-hās′ti, adj. too hasty or rash.—adv. Overhas′tily.—n. Overhas′tiness.

Overhaul, ō-vėr-hawl′, v.t. to haul or draw over: to turn over for examination: to examine: to re-examine: (naut.) to overtake in a chase.—n. O′verhaul, a hauling over: examination: repair.—Overhaul a ship, to overtake a ship: to search her for contraband goods.

Overhead, ō′vėr-hed, adv. over the head: aloft: in the zenith: per head.—adj. situated above.

Overhear, ō-vėr-hēr′, v.t. to hear what was not intended to be heard: to hear by accident: (Shak.) to hear over again.

Overheat, ō-vėr-hēt′, v.t. to heat to excess.—n. O′verheat, extreme heat.

Overhend, ō-vėr-hend′, v.t. (Spens.) to overtake.

Overhold, ō-vėr-hōld′, v.t. (Shak.) to overvalue.

Overhours, ō′vėr-owrz, n.pl. time beyond the regular number of hours: overtime in labour.

Overhouse, ō′vėr-hows, adj. stretched along the roofs, rather than on poles or underground.

Overinform, ō-vėr-in-form′, v.t. to animate too much.

Overissue, ō-vėr-ish′ū, v.t. to issue in excess, as bank-notes or bills of exchange.—n. O′verissue, any excessive issue.

Overjoy, ō-vėr-joi′, v.t. to fill with great joy: to transport with delight or gladness.—n. O′verjoy, joy to excess: transport.

Overjump, ō-vėr-jump′, v.t. to jump beyond: to pass by: neglect.

Overkind, ō-vėr-kīnd′, adj. excessively kind.—n. Overkind′ness.

Overking, ō′vėr-king, n. a king holding sway over inferior kings or princes.

Overknee, ō′vėr-nē, adj. reaching above the knee, as waders, &c.

Overlabour, ō-vėr-lā′bur, v.t. to labour excessively over: to be too nice with: to overwork.

Overlade, ō-vėr-lād′, v.t. to load with too great a burden.

Overlaid, ō-vėr-lād′, adj. (her.) lapping over.

Overland, ō′vėr-land, adj. passing entirely or principally by land, as a route, esp. that from England to India by the Suez Canal, rather than by the Cape of Good Hope.

Overlap, ō-vėr-lap′, v.t. to lap over: to lay so that the edge of one rests on that of another.—n. O′verlap (geol.), a disposition of strata where the upper beds extend beyond the bottom beds of the same series.

Overlaunch, ō-vėr-lawnsh′, v.t. to unite timbers by long splices or scarfs.

Overlay, ō-vėr-lā′, v.t. to spread over or across: to cover completely: to smother by lying on (for overlie): to use overlays in printing: to cloud: to overwhelm or oppress: to span by means of a bridge.—ns. O′verlay, a piece of paper pasted on the impression-surface of a printing-press, so as to increase the impression in a place where it is too faint: (Scot.) a cravat; Overlay′ing, a superficial covering: that which overlays: plating.

Overleaf, ō′vėr-lēf, adv. on the other side of the leaf of a book.

Overleap, ō-vėr-lēp′, v.t. to leap over: to pass over without notice.—Overleap one's self, to make too much effort in leaping: to leap too far.

Overleather, ō′vėr-leth-ėr, n. (Shak.) the upper part of a shoe or boot.

Overleaven, ō-vėr-lev′n, v.t. to leaven too much: to mix too much with.

Overlie, ō-vėr-lī′, v.t. to lie above or upon: to smother by lying on.

Overlive, ō-vėr-liv′, v.t. (B.) to live longer than: to survive.—v.i. to live too long: to live too fast, or so as prematurely to exhaust the fund of life.

Overload, ō-vėr-lōd′, v.t. to load or fill overmuch.—n. an excessive load.

Overlock, ō-vėr-lok′, v.t. to make the bolt of a lock go too far.

Overlong, ō-vėr-long′, adj. too long.

Overlook, ō-vėr-look′, v.t. to look over: to see from a higher position: to view carefully: to neglect by carelessness or inadvertence: to pass by without punishment: to pardon: to slight: to bewitch by looking upon with the Evil Eye.—n. Overlook′er.

Overlord, ō-vėr-lawrd′, n. a lord over other lords: a feudal superior.—n. Overlord′ship.

Overlusty, ō-vėr-lust′i, adj. (Shak.) too lusty.

Overly, ō′vėr-li, adv. (coll.) excessively, too.

Overlying, ō′vėr-lī′ing, adj. lying on the top.

Overman, ō′vėr-man, n. in mining, the person in charge of the work below ground.

Overman, ō-vėr-man′, v.t. to keep more men than necessary on a ship, farm, &c.

Overmantel, ō′vėr-man-tl, n. a frame containing shelves and other decorations, and often a mirror, set on a mantel-shelf.

Overmasted, ō-vėr-mast′ed, adj. furnished with a mast or masts too long or too heavy.

Overmaster, ō-vėr-mas′tėr, v.t. to subdue, to govern: to get and keep in one's power.

Overmatch, ō-vėr-mach′, v.t. to be more than a match for: to conquer.—n. O′vermatch, one who is more than a match: one who cannot be overcome.

Overmeasure, ō′vėr-mezh-ūr, n. something given over the due measure.—v.t. to measure too largely.

Overmellow, ō-vėr-mel′lō, adj. (Tenn.) excessively or too mellow.

Overmount, ō-vėr-mownt′, v.t. to surmount: to go higher than.—n. O′vermount, a piece of cardboard cut in proper shape, to prevent the glass of the frame from lying too closely upon an engraving or a picture.

Overmuch, ō-vėr-much′, adj. and adv. too much.

Overmultitude, ō-vėr-mul′ti-tūd, v.t. (Milt.) to outnumber.—v.t. Overmul′tiply, to repeat too often.—v.i. to increase to excess.

Overname, ō-vėr-nām′, v.t. (Shak.) to name over: to name in a series, to recount.—n. O′vername, a surname, nickname.

Overneat, ō-vėr-nēt′, adj. unnecessarily neat.

Overnet, ō-vėr-net′, v.t. to cover with a net.

Overnice, ō-vėr-nīs′, adj. fastidious.—adv. Overnice′ly.

Overnight, ō′vėr-nīt, n. the forepart of the evening, esp. that of the day just past.—adv. during the night: on the evening of the day just past.

Overoffice, ō-vėr-of′is, v.t. (Shak.) to lord it over by virtue of an office.

Overpart, ō-vėr-part′ v.t. to assign too difficult a part to.

Overpass, ō-vėr-pas′, v.t. to pass over: to pass by without notice.—pa.p. Overpast′ (B.), that has already passed.

Overpay, ō-vėr-pā′, v.t. to pay too much: to be more than an ample reward for.—n. Overpay′ment.

Overpeer, ō-vėr-pēr′, v.t. (Shak.) to overlook: to look down on: to hover above.

Overpeople, ō-vėr-pē′pl, v.t. to fill with too many inhabitants.—Also Overpop′ulate.

Overperch, ō-vėr-pėrch′, v.t. (Shak.) to perch or fly over.

Overpersuade, ō-vėr-pėr-swād′, v.t. to persuade a person against his inclination.

Overpicture, ō-vėr-pik′tūr, v.t. to exceed the picture of: to exaggerate.

Overplate, ō′vėr-plāt, n. in armour, a large pauldron protecting the shoulder, or a cubitière protecting the elbow.

Overplus, ō′vėr-plus, n. that which is more than enough: surplus.

Overply, ō-vėr-plī′, v.t. to ply to excess.

Overpoise, ō′vėr-poiz, v.t. to outweigh.—n. O′verpoise, a weight sufficient to weigh another down.

Overpost, ō-vėr-post′, v.t. (Shak.) to hasten over quickly.

Overpower, ō-vėr-pow′ėr, v.t. to have or gain power over: to subdue, defeat: to overwhelm.—adj. Overpow′ering, excessive in degree or amount: irresistible.—adv. Overpow′eringly.

Overpraise, ō-vėr-prāz′, v.t. to praise too much.—n. Overprais′ing, excessive praise.

Overpress, ō-vėr-pres′, v.t. to overwhelm, to crush: to overcome by importunity.—n. Overpress′ure, excessive pressure.

Overprize, ō-vėr-prīz′, v.t. to value too highly: to surpass in value.

Overproduction, ō′vėr-pro-duk-shun, n. the act of producing a supply of commodities in excess of the demand.

Overproof, ō′vėr-proof, adj. containing more than a certain amount of alcohol, stronger than proof-spirit, the standard by which all mixtures of alcohol and water are judged—containing 57.27 per cent. by volume, and 49.50 per cent. by weight, of alcohol.

Overproud, ō-vėr-prowd′, adj. too proud.

Overpurchase, ō-vėr-pur′chās, n. a dear bargain.—v.i. (obs.) to pay too dear a price.

Overrack, ō-vėr-rak′, v.t. to torture beyond bearing.

Overrake, ō-vėr-rāk′, v.t. to sweep over, as a vessel by a wave.

Overrank, ō-vėr-rangk′, adj. too rank or luxurious.

Overrate, ō-vėr-rāt′, v.t. to rate or value too high.—n. O′verrate, an excessive estimate or rate.

Overreach, ō-vėr-rēch′, v.t. to reach or extend beyond: to cheat or get the better of.—v.i. to strike the hindfoot against the forefoot, as a horse.

Overread, ō-vėr-rēd′, v.t. (Shak.) to read over, to peruse.—adj. Overread (ō-vėr-red′), having read too much.

Over-reckon, ō-vėr-rek′n, v.t. and v.i. to compute too highly.

Overred, ō-vėr-red′, v.t. (Shak.) to smear with a red colour.

Overrefine, ō-vėr-rē-fīn′, v.i. to refine too much.—n. Overrefine′ment, any over subtle or affected refinement.

Overrent, ō-vėr-rent′, v.i. to exact too high a rent.

Override, ō-vėr-rīd′, v.t. to ride too much: to pass on horseback: to trample down or set aside.—Override one's commission, to act with too high a hand: to stretch one's authority too far.

Overripen, ō-vėr-rīp′n, v.t. (Shak.) to make too ripe.—adj. Overripe′, too ripe, more than ripe.

Overroast, ō-vēr-rōst′, v.t. to roast too much.

Overrule, ō-vėr-rōōl′, v.t. to rule over: to influence or to set aside by greater power: (law) to reject or declare to be invalid.—v.i. to prevail.—n. Overrul′er.—adv. Overrul′ingly.

Overrun, ō-vėr-run′, v.t. to run or spread over: to grow over: to spread over and take possession of: to crush down: (B.) to run faster than: to pass in running: to extend composed types beyond their first limit.—v.i. to run over: to extend beyond the right length, as a line or page in printing.—n. Overrun′ner, one that overruns.

Overscore, ō-vėr-skōr′, v.t. to score or draw lines over anything: to erase by this means.

Overscrupulous, ō-vėr-skroop′ū-lus, adj. scrupulous to excess.—n. Overscrup′ulousness.

Overscutched, ō-vėr-skucht′, adj. (Shak.) over switched or whipped, or more probably worn out in the service.

Oversea, ō′vėr-sē, adj. foreign, from beyond the sea.—adv. to a place beyond the sea, abroad.—Also O′verseas.

Overseam, ō′vėr-sēm, n. a seam in which the thread is at each stitch passed over the edges sewn together.—n. O′verseaming, the foregoing kind of sewing.

Oversee, ō-vėr-sē′, v.t. to see or look over, to superintend.—n. Oversē′er, one who oversees: a superintendent: an officer who has the care of the poor, and other duties, such as making out lists of voters, of persons who have not paid rates, &c.: one who manages a plantation of slaves: (obs.) a critic.—Overseers of the poor, officers in England who manage the poor-rate.—Be overseen (obs.), to be deceived: to be fuddled.

Oversell, ō-vėr-sel′, v.t. and v.i. to sell too dear: to sell more than exists, of stock, &c.

Overset, ō-vėr-set′, v.t. to set or turn over: to upset: to overthrow.—v.i. to turn or be turned over.

Overshade, ō-vėr-shād′, v.t. to throw a shade over.

Overshadow, ō-vėr-shad′ō, v.t. to throw a shadow over: to shelter or protect.

Overshine, ō-vėr-shīn′, v.t. (Shak.) to shine upon, illumine: to outshine.

Overshoe, ō′vėr-shōō, n. a shoe, esp. of waterproof, worn over another.

Overshoot, ō-vėr-shōōt′, v.t. to shoot over or beyond, as a mark: to pass swiftly over.—v.i. to shoot or fly beyond the mark.—adj. O′vershot, having the water falling on it from above, as a water-wheel: surpassed: fuddled.—Overshoot one's self, to venture too far, to overreach one's self.

Overside, ō-vėr-sīd′, adj. acting over the side.—adv. over the side.

Oversight, ō′vėr-sīt, n. a failing to notice: mistake: omission: (orig.) superintendence.

Oversize, ō-vėr-sīz′, v.t. (Shak.) to cover with any gluey matter: to plaster over.

Overskip, ō-vėr-skip′, v.t. to skip, leap, or pass over: (Shak.) to fail to see or find: to escape.

Overslaugh, ō-vėr-slaw′, v.t. (U.S.) to pass over in favour of another: to supersede: to hinder: to oppress. [Dut. overslaan (cf. Ger. überschlagen), to skip over.]

Oversleep, ō-vėr-slēp′, v.t. and v.i. to sleep beyond one's usual time.

Overslip, ō-vėr-slip′, v.t. to pass without notice.

Oversman, ō′vėrz-man, n. an overseer: (Scot.) an umpire appointed to decide between the differing judgment of two arbiters.

Oversoul, ō′vėr-sōl, n. the divine principle forming the spiritual unity of all being.

Oversow, ō-vėr-sō′, v.t. to sow too much seed on: to sow over.

Overspent, ō-vėr-spent′, adj. excessively fatigued.

Overspread, ō-vėr-spred′, v.t. to spread over: to scatter over.—v.i. to be spread over.

Overstain, ō-vėr-stān′, v.t. to besmear the surface of.

Overstand, ō-vėr-stand′, v.t. to stand too strictly on the conditions of.

Overstare, ō-vėr-stār′, v.t. to outstare.

Overstate, ō-vėr-stāt′, to state over and above: to exaggerate.—n. Overstate′ment.

Overstay, ō-vėr-stā′, v.t. to stay too long.

Overstep, ō-vėr-step′, v.t. to step beyond: to exceed.

Overstock, ō-vėr-stok′, v.t. to stock overmuch: to fill too full.—n. superabundance.

Overstrain, ōvėr-strān′, v.t. and v.i. to strain or stretch too far.—n. too great strain.—adj. Overstrained′, strained to excess: exaggerated.

Overstream, ō-vėr-strēm′, v.t. to stream or flow over.

Overstretch, ō-vėr-strech′, v.t. to stretch to excess: to exaggerate.

Overstrew, ō-vėr-strōō′, v.t. to scatter over.

Overstrung, ō-vėr-strung′, adj. too highly strung.

Oversupply, ō′vėr-sup-plī, n. an excessive supply.

Oversway, ō-vėr-swā′, v.t. to overrule, to bear down.

Overswell, ō-vėr-swel′, v.t. (Shak.) to swell or rise above: to overflow.

Overt, ō′vėrt, adj. open to view: public: apparent.—adv. O′vertly.—Overt act, something actually done in execution of a criminal intent.—Market overt, open or public market. [Fr. ouvert, pa.p. of ouvrir, to open; acc. to Diez, from O. Fr. a-ovrir, through Prov. adubrir, from L. de-operīre, to uncover—de=un-, and operīre, to cover; acc. to Littré, from L. operīre, to cover, confounded in meaning with aperīre, to open.]

Overtake, ō-vėr-tāk′, v.t. to come up with: to catch: to come upon: to take by surprise.—p.adj. Overtā′ken, fuddled.

Overtask, ō-vėr-task′, v.t. to task overmuch: to impose too heavy a task on.

Overtax, ō-vėr-taks′, v.t. to tax overmuch.

Overtedious, ō-vėr-tē′di-us, adj. (Shak.) too tedious.

Overthrow, ō-vėr-thrō′, v.t. to throw down: to upset: to bring to an end: to demolish: to defeat utterly.—ns. O′verthrow, act of overthrowing or state of being overthrown: ruin: defeat: a throwing of a ball beyond the player; O′verthrower.

Overthrust, ō′vėr-thrust, adj. (geol.) belonging to earlier strata, pushed by faulting over later and higher strata.

Overthwart, ō-vėr-thwawrt′, v.t. to lie athwart: to cross.—adj. opposite, transverse: contrary, perverse.—prep. across, on the other side of.

Overtilt, ō-vėr-tilt′, v.t. to upset.

Overtime, ō′vėr-tīm, n. time employed in working beyond the regular hours.

Overtoil, ō-vėr-toil′, v.i. to overwork one's self.

Overtone, ō′vėr-tōn, n. a harmonic, because heard above its fundamental tone.

Overtop, ō-vėr-top′, v.t. to rise over the top of: to make of less importance: to surpass: to obscure.

Overtower, ō-vėr-tow′er, v.t. to tower above.—v.i. to soar too high.

Overtrade, ō-vėr-trād′, v.i. to trade overmuch or beyond capital: to buy in more than can be sold or paid for.—n. Overtrad′ing, the buying of a greater amount of goods than one can sell or pay for.

Overtrip, ō-vėr-trip′, v.t. to trip nimbly over.

Overture, ō′vėr-tūr, n. a proposal, an offer for acceptance or rejection: (mus.) a piece introductory to a greater piece or ballet: a discovery or disclosure: the method in Presbyterian usage of beginning legislation and maturing opinion by sending some proposition from the presbyteries to the General Assembly, and vice versâ, also the proposal so sent.—v.t. to lay a proposal before. [Fr.]

Overturn, ō-vėr-turn′, v.t. to throw down or over: to subvert: to conquer: to ruin.—ns. O′verturn, state of being overturned; Overturn′er.

Overvalue, ō-vėr-val′lū, v.t. to set too high a value on.—n. Overvaluā′tion, an overestimate.

Overveil, ō-vėr-vāl′, v.t. to veil or cover.

Overview, ō′vėr-vū, n. (Shak.) an inspection.

Overwash, ō′vėr-wawsh, adj. (geol.) carried by glacier-streams over a frontal moraine, or formed of material so carried.

Overwatch, ō-vėr-wawch′, v.t. to watch excessively: to overcome with long want of rest.

Overwear, ō-vėr-wār′, v.t. to wear out: to outwear, outlive.—n. O′verwear, clothes for wearing out of doors.

Overweather, ō-vėr-weth′ėr, v.t. (Shak.) to batter by violence of weather.

Overween, ō-vėr-wēn′, v.i. (Shak.) to think too highly or favourably, esp. of one's self.—adj. Overween′ing, thinking too highly of: conceited, vain.—n. conceit: presumption.—adv. Overween′ingly.

Overweigh, ō-vėr-wā′, v.t. to be heavier than: to outweigh.—n. O′verweight, weight beyond what is required or what is just.—v.t. Overweight′, to weigh down: to put too heavy a burden on.

Overwhelm, ō-vėr-hwelm′, v.t. to overspread and crush by something heavy or strong: to flow over and bear down: to overcome.—p.adj. Overwhel′ming, crushing with weight, &c.: irresistible.—adv. Overwhel′mingly.

Overwind, ō-vėr-wīnd′, v.t. to wind too far.

Overwise, ō-vėr-wīz′, adj. wise overmuch: affectedly wise.—adv. Overwise′ly.

Overwork, ō-vėr-wurk′, v.t. and v.i. to work overmuch or beyond the strength: to tire.—n. O′verwork, excess of work: excessive labour.

Overworn, ō-vėr-wörn′, adj. worn out: subdued by toil: spoiled by use: worn or rubbed till threadbare.

Overwrest, ō-vėr-rest′, v.t. (Shak.) to wrest or twist from the proper position.

Overwrestle, ō-vėr-res′l, v.t. (Spens.) to overcome by wrestling.

Overwrite, ō-vėr-rīt′, v.t. to cover over with other writing.

Overwrought, ō-vėr-rawt′, pa.p. of Overwork, worked too hard: too highly excited: worked all over: overdone.

Overyear, ō-vėr-yēr′, adj. (prov.) kept over from last year.

Ovidian, ō-vid′i-an, adj. belonging to, or resembling the style of, the Latin poet Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.).

Oviduct, ō′vi-dukt, n. a duct or passage for the egg in animals, from the ovary.

Oviferous, ō-vif′ėr-us, adj. egg-bearing.—n. O′vifer, a small wire cage on a solid base, for carrying an egg safely. [L. ovum, an egg, ferre, to bear.]

Oviform, ō′vi-form, adj. having the form of an oval or egg. [L. ovum, an egg.]

Oviform, ō′vi-form, adj. like a sheep: ovine. [L. ovis, a sheep.]

Ovigerous, ov-ij′ėr-us, adj. egg-bearing. [L. ovum, an egg, gerĕre, to bear.]

Ovine, ō′vīn, adj. pertaining to the Ovinæ, sheep-like.—n. Ovinā′tion, inoculation of sheep with ovine virus against sheep-pox.

Oviparous, ō-vip′a-rus, adj. bringing forth or laying eggs instead of fully formed young.—n.pl. Ovip′ara, animals that lay eggs.—ns. Ovipar′ity, Ovip′arousness. [L. ovum, egg, parĕre, to bring forth.]

Ovipositor, ō-vi-poz′i-tor, n. the organ at the extremity of the abdomen of many insects, by which the eggs are deposited.—v.i. Ovipos′it, to deposit eggs with an ovipositor.—n. Oviposit′ion. [L. ovum, egg, positor—ponĕre, to place.]

Ovisac, ōv′i-sak, n. the cavity in the ovary which immediately contains the ovum. [L. ovum, an egg, and sac.]

Ovoid, -al, ō′void, -al, adj. oval: egg-shaped.—n. an egg-shaped body. [L. ovum, egg, Gr. eidos, form.]

Ovolo, ō′vō-lō, n. (archit.) a moulding with the rounded part composed of a quarter of a circle, or of an arc of an ellipse with the curve greatest at the top. [It.,—L. ovum, an egg.]

Ovoviviparous, ō-vō-vi-vip′ar-us, adj. producing eggs which are hatched in the body of the parent. [L. ovum, an egg, vivus, living, parĕre, to bring forth.]

Ovule, ōv′ūl, n. a little egg: the seed of a plant in its rudimentary state, growing from the placenta.—adj. Ov′ular.—ns. Ovulā′tion, the formation of ova, or the period when this takes place; Ov′ulite, a fossil egg. [Dim. of L. ovum, an egg.]

Ovum, ō′vum, n. an egg: (biol.) the egg-cell, in all organisms the starting-point of the embryo, development beginning as soon as it is supplemented by the male-cell or spermatozoon:—pl. O′va. [L.]

Owche, owch, n. Same as Ouch.

Owe, ō, v.t. to possess or to be the owner of: to have what belongs to another: to be bound to pay: to be obliged for.—v.i. to be in debt.—Be owing, to be due or ascribed (to). [A.S. ágan, pres. indic. áh, pret. áhte, pa.p. ágen; Ice. eiga, Old High Ger. eigan, to possess.]

Owelty, ō′el-ti, n. equality. [O. Fr. oelte.]

Owenite, ō′en-īt, n. a disciple of Robert Owen (1771-1858), a social reformer, who proposed to establish society on a basis of socialistic co-operation.

Ower, ow′ėr (Scot. for over).—ns. Ow′ercome, Ow′erword, the refrain of a song.

Owing, ō′ing, adj. due: that has to be paid (to): happening as a consequence of: imputable to.

Owl, owl, n. a carnivorous bird that seeks its food by night, noted for its howling or hooting noise.—v.i. to smuggle contraband goods.—ns. Owl′ery, an abode of owls: (Carlyle) an owl-like character; Owl′et, a little or young owl.—adj. Owl′-eyed, having blinking eyes like an owl.—n. Owl′-glass, a malicious figure in a popular German tale, translated into English about the end of the 16th century—the German Tyll Eulenspiegel—also Owle′glass, Howle′glass, Owl′spiegle.—adj. Owl′ish, like an owl: stupid: dull-looking.—n. Owl′ishness. [A.S. úle; Ger. eule, L. ulula; imit.]

Own, ōn, v.t. to grant: to allow to be true: concede: acknowledge. [A.S. unnan, to grant; Ger. gönnen, to grant.]

Own, ōn, v.t. to possess: to be the rightful owner of. [A.S. ágnian, with addition of casual suffix—ágen, one's own; cf. Own (adj.).]

Own, ōn, adj. possessed: belonging to one's self and to no other: peculiar.—ns. Own′er, one who owns or possesses; Own′ership, state of being an owner: right of possession. [A.S. ágen, pa.p. of ágan, to possess. Cf. Owe.]

Owre, owr, n. (Spens.). Same as Aurochs. [A.S. úr.]

Owsen, ow′sen, n.pl. a dialectic form of oxen.

Ox, oks, n. a well-known animal that chews the cud, the female of which supplies the chief part of the milk used as human food: the male of the cow, esp. when castrated:—pl. Ox′en, used for both male and female.—ns. Ox′-bot, Ox′-war′bler, a bot-fly or its larva, found under the skin of cattle; Ox′eye, a common plant in meadows, with a flower like the eye of an ox.—adj. Ox′-eyed, having large, full, ox-like eyes.—ns. Ox′-goad (see Goad); Ox′-peck′er, Ox′-bird, an African bird, which eats the parasites infesting the skins of cattle—also Beefeater; Ox′-tail-soup, a kind of soup made of several ingredients, one of which is an oxtail cut in joints.—Have the black ox tread on one's foot, to experience sorrow or misfortune. [A.S. oxa, pl. oxan; Ice. uxi; Ger. ochs, Goth. auhsa, Sans. ukshan.]

Oxalate, oks′a-lāt, n. a salt formed by a combination of oxalic acid with a base.—n. Ox′alite, a yellow mineral composed of oxalate of iron.

Oxalis, oks′a-lis, n. wood-sorrel: (bot.) a genus of plants having an acid taste.—adj. Oxal′ic, pertaining to or obtained from sorrel. [Gr.,—oxys, acid.]

Oxford clay, oks′ford klā, n. (geol.) the principal member of the Middle Oolite series.—Oxford movement (see Tractarianism).

Oxgang, oks′gang, n. as much land as can be tilled by the use of an ox (averaging about 15 acres)—called also Ox′land or Ox′gate.

Ox-head, oks′-hed, n. (Shak.) blockhead, dolt.

Oxide, oks′īd, n. a compound of oxygen and some other element or organic radical. Oxides are of three kinds—acid-forming, basic, and neutral.—n. Oxidabil′ity.—adj. Ox′idable, capable of being converted into an oxide.—v.t. Ox′idate (same as Oxidise).—ns. Oxidā′tion, Oxidise′ment, act or process of oxidising; Ox′idātor, a contrivance for drawing a current of air to the flame of a lamp.—adj. Oxidis′able, capable of being oxidised.—v.t. Ox′idise, to convert into an oxide.—v.i. to become an oxide.—n. Oxidis′er.

Oxlip, oks′lip, n. a species of primrose, having its flowers in an umbel on a stalk like the cowslip.

Oxonian, oks-ō′ni-an, adj. of or pertaining to Oxford or to its university.—n. an inhabitant or a native of Oxford: a student or graduate of Oxford.

Oxter, oks′tėr, n. (Scot.) the armpit.—v.t. to hug with the arms: to support by taking the arm.

Oxygen, oks′i-jen, n. a gas without taste, colour, or smell, forming part of the air, water, &c., and supporting life and combustion.—n. Oxychlō′ride, a chemical compound containing both chlorine and oxygen in combination with some other element.—v.t. Ox′ygenāte, to unite, or cause to unite, with oxygen.—n. Oxygenā′tion, act of oxygenating.—v.t. Ox′ygenise (same as Oxygenate).—adj. Oxyg′enous, pertaining to, or obtained from, oxygen.—adj. Oxyhy′drogen, pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, as in a form of blowpipe in which jets of either ignite as they issue from separate reservoirs. [Gr. oxys, sharp, gen, the root of gennaein, to generate.]

Oxymel, oks′i-mel, n. a mixture of vinegar and honey. [Gr. oxys, sour, meli, honey.]

Oxymoron, ok-si-mō′ron, n. a figure of speech, by means of which two ideas of opposite meaning are combined, so as to form an expressive phrase or epithet, as cruel kindness, falsely true, &c. [Gr.,—oxys, sharp, mōros, foolish.]

Oxyopia, ok-si-ō′pi-a, n. unusual keenness of sight. [Gr.,—oxys, sharp, ōps, the eye.]

Oxyrhynchus, ok-si-ring′kus, n. an Egyptian fish, formerly sacred to the goddess Hathor, and represented on coins and sculptures. [Gr.,—oxys, sharp, rhyngchos, a snout.]

Oxytone, oks′i-tōn, adj. having an acute sound: having the acute accent on the last syllable.—n. a word so accented. [Gr. oxys, sharp, tonos, tone.]

Oyer, ō′yėr, n. a hearing in a law-court, an assize.—Oyer and terminer, a royal commission conferring upon a judge or judges the power to hear and determine criminal causes pending in a particular county. [Norm. Fr. oyer (Fr. ouir)—L. audīre, to hear.]

Oyez, Oyes, ō′yes, interj. the call of a public crier, or officer of a law-court, for attention before making a proclamation. [Norm. Fr., 2d pers. pl. imper. of oyer.]

Oyster, ois′tėr, n. a well-known bivalve shellfish, used as food.—ns. Oys′ter-bank, -bed, -farm, -field, -park, a place where oysters breed or are bred; Oys′ter-catch′er, the sea pie—a sea wading bird of the family Hæmatopodidæ, having dark plumage and red bill and feet; Oys′ter-fish′ery, the business of catching oysters; Oys′ter-knife, a knife for opening oysters.—n.pl. Oys′ter-pat′ties, small pies or pasties made from oysters.—n. Oys′ter-shell, the shell of an oyster.—n.pl. Oys′ter-tongs, a tool used to dredge up oysters in deep water.—ns. Oys′ter-wench, -wife, -wom′an, a woman who vends oysters. [O. Fr. oistre (Fr. huître)—L. ostrea—Gr. ostreon, an oyster—osteon, a bone.]

Ozocerite, ō-zō-sē′rīt, n. a waxy-like substance, having a weak bituminous odour, found in Moldavia and elsewhere, and used for making candles.—Also Ozokē′rite. [Gr. ozein, to smell, keros, wax.]

Ozœna, ō-zē′na, n. a term applied to any one of various diseased conditions of the nose accompanied by fetid discharge. [Gr. ozein, to smell.]

Ozone, ō′zōn, n. name given to a supposed allotropic form of oxygen, when affected by electric discharges, marked by a peculiar smell.—ns. Ozonā′tion; Ozonisā′tion; Ozonom′eter.—adj. Ozonomet′ric.—ns. Ozonom′etry; Ozō′noscope.—adjs. Ozonoscop′ic; O′zonous. [Gr. ozein, to smell.]

Ozostomia, ō-zo-stō′mi-a, n. foul breath due to morbid causes. [Gr. ozein, to smell, stoma, the mouth.]

the sixteenth letter of our alphabet, its sound the sharp labial mute, interchanging with other labials, esp. with b, the flat labial mute: P=400; (P)=400,000: the chemical symbol for phosphorus: (math.) the Greek Π=a continued product, while small π denotes the ratio of the circumference to the diameter.—Mind one's p's and q's (see Mind).

Pa, pä, n. papa, a child's name for father.

Pabouche, pa-bōōsh′, n. a slipper.—Also Baboosh.

Pabulum, pab′ū-lum, n. food of any kind, especially that of animals and plants: provender: fuel: nourishment for the mind.—adjs. Pab′ular, Pab′ulous, of or pertaining to food: fit for food: affording food. [L.,—pascĕre, to feed.]

Paca, pak′a, n. the spotted cavy of South America. [Sp. and Port., the spotted cavy—Braz. pak, paq.]

Pacable, pā′ka-bl, adj. that may be calmed or quieted: willing to forgive.—adj. Pacā′ted.—n. Pacā′tion. [L. pacāre, to make at peace—pax, peace.]

Pace, pās, n. a stride: the space between the feet in walking, 30 inches, a step: gait: rate of walking (of a man or beast): rate of speed in movement or work, often applied to fast living: mode of stepping in horses in which the legs on the same side are lifted together: amble: (obs.) a passage.—v.t. to measure by steps: to cause to progress: to train in walking or stepping.—v.i. to walk: to walk slowly: to amble.—adj. Paced, having a certain pace or gait.—ns. Pace′-mak′er, one who sets the pace, as in a race; Pac′er, one who paces: a horse whose usual gait is a pace.—Keep, or Hold, pace with, to go as fast as: to keep up with. [Fr. pas—L. passus, a step—pandĕre, passum, to stretch.]

Pace, pā′sē, prep. with or by the leave of (expressing disagreement courteously). [L., abl. of pax, peace.]

Pacha, Pachalic. See Pasha, Pashalic.

Pachy-, pak′i-, thick, in combination, as adjs. Pachydac′tyl, -ous, having thick digits; Pach′yderm, thick-skinned—n. one of an order of non-ruminant, hoofed mammals, thick-skinned, as the elephant:—pl. Pach′yderms, or Pachyder′mata.—adj. Pachyder′matous, thick-skinned: insensible to impressions.—n. Pachyder′mia, a form of elephantiasis in which the skin becomes thick and warty.—adj. Pachyder′moid.—ns. Pachyē′mia, a thickening of the blood—also Pachyæ′mia; Pachy′ma, a genus of fungi consisting of tuber-like growths, some of which are now referred to the genus Polyporus—also Tuckahoe, Tuckahoe truffle, or Indian bread; Pachymē′nia, a thickening of the skin.—adj. Pachymē′nic.—n. Pachym′eter, an instrument for measuring small thicknesses, as of paper.—adjs. Pach′yodont, with thick teeth; Pach′yote, with thick ears, as a bat—also n.; Pach′ypod, having thick feet; Pachyp′terous, having thick wings or fins.—ns. Pachythē′rium, a South American fossil genus of gigantic edentate mammals; Pachyt′ylus, a genus of locusts, embracing the dreaded Migratory Locust (Pachytylus migratorius). [Gr. pachys, thick.]

Pacify, pas′i-fī, v.t. to make peaceful: to appease: to bring back peace to: to calm; to soothe.—adjs. Pac′ifiable, that may be pacified; Pacif′ic, peacemaking: appeasing: peaceful: mild: tranquil.—n. the ocean between Asia and America, so called by its discoverer Magellan because he sailed peacefully over it after weathering Cape Horn.—adj. Pacif′ical, pacific (obs. except in phrase Letters pacifical, letters recommending the bearer as one in peace and fellowship with the church—also Letters of peace, Pacificæ).—adv. Pacif′ically.—v.t. Pacif′icāte, to give peace to.—ns. Pacificā′tion, the act of making peace, esp. between parties at variance; Pacif′icātor, Pac′ifier, a peacemaker.—adj. Pacif′icātory, tending to make peace. [Fr. pacifier—L. pacificāre—pax, pacis, peace, facĕre, to make.]

Pack, pak, n. a bundle made to be carried on the back: a collection, stock, or store: a bundle of some particular kind or quantity, as of wool, 480 or 240 lb.: the quantity of fish packed: a complete set of cards: a number of animals herding together or kept together for hunting: a number of persons combined for bad purposes: any great number: a large extent of floating and broken ice: a wet sheet for folding round the body to allay inflammation, fever, &c.—v.t. to press together and fasten up: to place in order: to crowd: to assort, bring together, select, or manipulate persons, cards, &c. for some unjust object: to send away, as from one's presence or employment: to surround a joint, &c., with any substance to prevent leaking, &c.—v.i. to store things away anywhere for safe keeping, &c.: to settle into a firm mass: to admit of being put into compact shape: to depart in haste.—ns. Pack′age, the act of packing, also something packed: a bundle or bale: a charge made for packing; Pack′-an′imal, a beast of burden used to carry goods on its back; Pack′-cinch (-sinsh), a wide girth of canvas, &c., having a hook and ring attached for adjusting the load of a pack-animal; Pack′-cloth, a cloth in which goods are tied up: packsheet; Pack′er, one who packs: one who cures and packs provisions: any device to fill the space between the tubing and the sides of an oil-well, &c.; Pack′et, a small package: a ship or vessel employed in carrying packets of letters, passengers, &c.: a vessel plying regularly between one port and another (also Pack′et-boat, Pack′et-ship, &c.).—v.t. to bind in a packet or parcel: to send in a packet.—ns. Pack′et-day, the day of the departure or arrival of a mail-ship; Pack′et-note (see Note-paper); Pack′-horse, a horse used to carry goods in panniers: a drudge; Pack′-ice, a collection of large pieces of floating ice; Pack′ing, the act of putting into packs or of tying up for carriage: material for packing: anything used to fill an empty space, or to make a joint close, as the elastic ring round a moving rod or piston to make it a tight fit; Pack′ing-box, -case, a box in which goods are packed: a hollow place round the opening of a steam cylinder, filled with some soft substance which, being pressed hard against the piston-rod, makes it a tight fit; Pack′ing-need′le, or Sack-needle, a strong needle for sewing up packages; Pack′ing-pā′per, a strong and thick kind of wrapping-paper; Pack′ing-press, a press for squeezing goods into small compass for packing; Pack′ing-sheet, or Pack′sheet, coarse cloth for packing goods; Pack′-load, the load an animal can carry on its back; Pack′man, a peddler or a man who carries a pack; Pack′-mule, a mule used for carrying burdens; Pack′-sadd′le, a saddle for packs or burdens; Pack′-thread, a coarse thread used to sew up packages; Pack′-train, a train of loaded pack-animals; Pack′way, a narrow path fit for pack-horses.—Pack a jury, meeting, &c., to fill up with persons of a particular kind for one's own purposes.—Send one packing, to dismiss summarily. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. and Ir. pac, Bret. pak, a bundle; cf. Ger. pack, Dut. pak.]

Pack, pak, adj. (Scot.) intimate, confidential.

Packfong, an incorrect form of paktong (q.v.)

Paco, pā′ko, n. same as Alpaca:—pl. Pā′cos.

Pact, pakt, n. that which is agreed on: an agreement: a contract—also Pac′tion.—adj. Pac′tional.—Pactum illicitum, an unlawful agreement. [L. pactum—pacisci, pactus, to contract.]

Pad, pad, n. a thief on the high-road (more commonly Footpad): (abbrev. from pad-horse) a horse for riding on the road: an easy-paced horse.—v.i. to walk on foot: to trudge along: to rob on foot:—pr.p. pad′ding; pa.t. and pa.p. pad′ded.—adj. Pad′-clink′ing, keeping company with thieves.—n. Pad′ding-ken, a low lodging-house inhabited by thieves.—Stand pad, to beg by the roadside. [Dut. pad, a path.]

Pad, pad, n. anything stuffed with a soft material, to prevent friction or pressure, or for filling out: a soft saddle, cushion, &c.: a number of sheets of paper or other soft material fastened together for writing upon: the fleshy, thick-skinned under-surface of the toes of many animals, as the fox: a fox's foot generally: the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant: (pl.) thick watered ribbon for watch-guards.—v.t. to stuff with anything soft: to fix colours in cloth:—pr.p. pad′ding; pa.t. and pa.p. pad′ded.—ns. Pad′-cloth, a cloth covering a horse's loins; Pad′der, one who pads or cushions; Pad′ding, the soft stuffing of a saddle, &c.: matter of less value introduced into a book or article in order to make it of the length desired: the process of mordanting a fabric; Pad′-el′ephant, a working elephant, distinguished from a war or hunting one; Pad′-sadd′le, a treeless, padded saddle; Pad′-tree, the wooden or metal frame to which harness-pads are attached. [A variant of pod, orig. sig. 'a bag.']

Paddle, pad′l, v.i. to dabble in water with the hands or the feet: to touch or toy with the fingers: to beat the water as with the feet: to row: to move in the water as a duck does: (slang) to make off.—v.t. to move by means of an oar or paddle: to finger, toy with.—n. a short, broad, spoon-shaped oar, used for moving canoes: the blade of an oar: one of the boards at the circumference of a paddle-wheel.—ns. Padd′le-beam, one of the large timbers at the side of a paddle-wheel; Padd′le-board, one of the floats on the circumference of a paddle-wheel; Padd′le-box, a wooden box covering the upper part of the paddle-wheel of a steamer; Padd′ler, one who paddles; Padd′le-shaft, the axle on which the paddle-wheels of a steamer turn; Padd′le-wheel, the wheel of a steam-vessel, which by turning in the water causes it to move forward; Padd′le-wood, the light, strong wood of a Guiana tree of the dogbane family. [For pattle, freq. of pat.]

Paddle, pad′l, n. (B.) a little spade.—n. Padd′le-staff, a spade for clearing a ploughshare. [Prob. from spaddle; cf. Spade.]

Paddock, pad′uk, n. a toad or frog.—n. Padd′ock-stool, a toadstool. [Dim. of M. E. padde, a toad—Ice. padda.]

Paddock, pad′uk, n. a small park under pasture, immediately adjoining the stables of a domain: a small field in which horses are kept. [A.S. pearroc, a park—sparran (Ger. sperren), to shut.]

Paddy, pad′i, n. rice in the husk.—ns. Padd′y-bird, the Java sparrow or rice-bird; Padd′y-field, a field where rice is grown. [East Ind.]

Paddy, pad′i, n. a familiar name for an Irishman, from St Patrick: a drill used in boring wells, with cutters that expand on pressure.—n. Padd′y-whack, a nurse's word for a slap.

Padella, pa-del′la, n. a shallow vessel filled with fat, in the centre of which a wick has been placed—used in illuminations. [It., a frying-pan.]

Pademelon, pad′ē-mel-on, n. a brush kangaroo or wallaby.—Also Pad′ymelon, Pad′dymelon.

Padishah, pä′di-sha, n. chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan of Turkey or of the Sovereign of Great Britain as ruler of India. [Pers. pād, master, shāh, king; cf. Pasha.]

Padlock, pad′lok, n. a movable lock with a link turning on a hinge or pivot at one end, to enable it to pass through a staple or other opening, and to be pressed down to catch the bolt at the other end.—v.t. to fasten with a padlock. [Prob. prov. Eng. pad, a basket, and lock.]

Padma, pad′ma, n. the true lotus.

Pad-nag, pad′-nag, n. an ambling nag.

Padre, pä′dre, n. father, a title given to priests in some countries.—n. Padrō′ne, a person who jobs out hand-organs, or who gets children to beg for him:—pl. Padrō′ni. [It. and Sp.,—L. pater, a father.]

Paduan, pad′ū-an, adj. and n. belonging to Padua: one of the clever imitations of old Roman bronze coins made at Padua in the 16th century: a Spanish dance, the pavan.

Paduasoy, pad′ū-a-soi, n. a smooth silk originally manufactured at Padua, used in the 18th century, also a garment of the same. [Fr. soie de Padoue.]

Pæan, pē′an, n. a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and Ares.—n. Pæ′on, a foot of four syllables, one long, three short.—adj. Pæon′ic. [L.,—Gr. Paian or Paiōn, an epithet of Apollo.]

Pædagogy, Pædagogics, Pædobaptism, Pædobaptist. See Pedagogy, Pedagogics, Pedobaptism, Pedobaptist.

Pænula, pē′nū-la, n. a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen outer garment covering the whole body, worn on journeys and in rainy weather.

Pæonin, pē′ō-nin, n. a red colouring matter obtained from yellow coralline.

Pæony, pē′o-ni, n. Same as Peony.

Paff, paf, n. a meaningless word, used with piff to indicate jargon.

Pagan, pā′gan, n. a heathen: one who does not worship the true God.—adj. heathenish: pertaining to the worship of false gods.—v.t. Pā′ganise, to render pagan or heathen: to convert to paganism.—adj. Pā′ganish, heathenish.—n. Pā′ganism, heathenism: the beliefs and practices of the heathen. [L. paganus, a rustic, heathen, because the country-people were later in becoming Christians than the people of the towns—pagus, a district—pangĕre, to fix.]

Page, pāj, n. a boy attending on a person of distinction: a young lad employed as attendant: a contrivance for holding up a woman's skirt in walking.—n. Page′hood, condition of a page. [Fr. page; acc. to Littré, prob. from Low L. pagensis, a peasant—L. pagus, a village; acc. to Diez, but hardly with probability, through the It. paggio, from Gr. paidion, dim. of pais, paidos, a boy.]

Page, pāj, n. one side of a written or printed leaf—4 pages in a folio sheet, 8 in a quarto, 16 in an octavo, 24 in a duodecimo, 36 in an octodecimo: a book, record, or source of knowledge: the type, illustrations, &c. arranged for printing one side of a leaf: (pl.) writings.—v.t. to number the pages of.—adj. Pag′inal.—v.t. Pag′ināte, to mark with consecutive numbers, to page.—ns. Paginā′tion, the act of paging a book: the figures and marks that indicate the number of pages; Pā′ging, the marking or numbering of the pages of a book. [Fr.,—L. pagina, a thing fastened—pangĕre, to fasten.]

Pageant, paj′ant, or pā′-, n. a showy exhibition: a spectacle: a fleeting show: (orig.) a platform on four wheels for the purpose of representing plays, &c.—adj. showy: pompous.—n. Page′antry, splendid display: pompous spectacle. [M. E. pagent (with excrescent -t), from an older form pagen or pagin—Low L. pagina, a stage—L. pagina, a slab—pangĕre, to fix; cf. Page (2).]

Pagoda, pa-gō′da, n. an idol-house: an Indian idol: its temple: a gold coin formerly current in India, so called because the figure of a pagoda was stamped upon it—also Pagode′.—n. Pagō′dite, the mineral which the Chinese carve into figures of pagodas, &c. [Port., a corr. of Pers. but-kadah, an idol-temple.]

Pagode, pa-gōd′, n. a funnel-shaped sleeve worn by both sexes in the first half of the 18th century.

Pagus, pā′gus, n. a country district with scattered hamlets, also its fortified centre: among the early Teutons, a division of the territory larger than a village, like a wapentake or hundred.

Pah, pä, interj. an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust.

Pahlavi. Same as Pehlevi.

Paid, pād, pa.t. and pa.p. of pay.

Paideutics, pā-dū′tiks, n.sing. the science or theory of teaching.—n. Paidol′ogy, the scientific study of the child. [Gr. paideutikos—paideuein, to teach—pais, paidos, a child.]

Paigle, Pagle, pā′gl, n. (obs.) the cowslip or primrose.

Paik, pāk, n. (Scot.) a beating.

Pail, pāl, n. an open vessel of wood, &c., for holding or carrying liquids.—n. Pail′ful, as much as fills a pail. [O. Fr. paile, paele—L. patella, a pan, dim. of patera—patēre, to be open.]

Paillasse, pa-lyas′, n. a small bed, originally made of chaff or straw: an under mattress of straw.—n. Paillasson (pa-lya-song′), a form of straw bonnet. [Fr.,—paille, straw—L. palea, chaff.]

Paillette, pa-lyet′, n. a piece of metal or coloured foil used in enamel-painting: a sponge.—n. Paillon (pa-lyong′), a bright metal backing for enamel, &c. [Fr.]

Pain, pān, n. suffering coming as the punishment of evil-doing: suffering either of body or mind: anguish: great care or trouble taken in doing anything: (pl.) labour: care: trouble: the throes of childbirth.—v.t. to cause suffering to: to distress: to torment: to grieve.—adjs. Pained, showing or expressing pain: (B.) in pain, in labour; Pain′ful, full of pain: causing pain: requiring labour, pain, or care: (arch.) hard-working, painstaking: distressing: difficult.—adv. Pain′fully.—n. Pain′fulness.—adj. Pain′less, without pain.—adv. Pain′lessly.—ns. Pain′lessness; Pains′taker, one who takes pains or care: a laborious worker.—adj. Pains′taking, taking pains or care: laborious: diligent.—n. careful labour: diligence.—Under pain of, subject to the penalty of. [Fr. peine—L. pœna, satisfaction—Gr. poinē, penalty.]

Painim, pā′nim. See Paynim.

Paint, pānt, v.t. to cover over with colour: to represent in a coloured picture: to describe in words: to adorn.—v.i. to practise painting: to lay colours on the face, to blush: (slang) to tipple.—n. a colouring substance: anything fixed with caoutchouc to harden it.—adj. Paint′able, that may be painted.—ns. Paint′-box, a box in which different paints are kept in compartments; Paint′-bridge, a platform used by theatrical scene-painters in painting scenery; Paint′-brush, a brush for putting on paint.—adj. Paint′ed, covered with paint: ornamented with coloured figures: marked with bright colours.—ns. Paint′ed-grass, ribbon-grass; Paint′ed-lā′dy, the thistle-butterfly, orange-red spotted with white and black; Paint′er, one whose employment is to paint: one skilled in painting; Paint′er's-col′ic, lead colic; Paint′er-stain′er, one who paints coats of arms, &c.; Paint′iness; Paint′ing, the act or employment of laying on colours: the act of representing objects by colours: a picture: vivid description in words; Paint′ūre (Dryden), the art of painting: a picture.—adj. Paint′y, overloaded with paint, with the colours too glaringly used: smeared with paint.—Paint the town red (U.S.), to break out in a boisterous spree. [O. Fr., pa.p. of Fr. peindre, to paint—L. pingĕre, pictum, to paint.]

Painter, pānt′ėr, n. a rope used to fasten a boat.—Cut the painter, to set adrift; Lazy painter, a small painter for use in fine weather only. [A corr. of M. E. panter, a fowler's noose, through O. Fr. from L. panther, a hunting-net—Gr. panthēros, catching all—pan, neut. of pas, every, thēr, wild beast.]

Pair, pār, v.t. (Spens.) to impair.

Pair, pār, n. two things equal, or suited to each other, or used together: a set of two equal or like things forming one instrument, as a pair of scissors, tongs, &c., a set of like things generally: in building, a flight of stairs: a couple: a man and his wife: two members of a legislative body, holding opposite opinions, who agree with each other to abstain from voting for a certain time, so as to permit one or both to be absent.—v.t. to join in couples.—v.i. to be joined in couples: to fit as a counterpart.—adj. Paired, arranged in pairs: set by twos of a like kind: mated.—ns. Pair′ing, an agreement between two members of a legislative body holding opposite opinions to refrain from voting, so that both may absent themselves; Pair′ing-time, the time when birds go together in pairs; Pair′-roy′al, three cards of the same denomination, esp. in cribbage.—adv. Pair′-wise, in pairs.—Pair of colours, two flags carried by a regiment, one the national ensign, the other the flag of the regiment; Pair off (see Pairing above). [Fr. paire, a couple—pair, like—L. par, equal.]

Pais, pā, n. the people from whom a jury is drawn.—Matter-in-pais, matter of fact. [O. Fr.]

Paise, pāz, n. (Spens.). Same as Poise.

Paitrick, pā′trik, n. (Scot.) a partridge.

Pajamas. See Pyjamas.

Pajock, pä′jok, n. (Shak.). Same as Peacock.

Paktong, pak′tong, n. the Chinese name for German silver.—Also Pack′fong, Pak′fong. [Chin.]

Pal, pal, n. (slang) a partner, mate. [Gipsy.]

Palabra, pa-lä′bra, n. talk, palaver. [Sp., a word.]

Palace, pal′ās, n. the house of a king or a queen: a very large and splendid house: a bishop's official residence.—n. Pal′ace-car, a sumptuously furnished railway-car. [Fr. palais—L. Palatium, the Roman emperor's residence on the Palatine Hill at Rome.]

Paladin, pal′a-din, n. one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's household: a knight-errant, or paragon of knighthood. [Fr.,—It. paladino—L. palatinus, belonging to the palace. Cf. Palatine.]

Palæarctic, pā-lē-ark′tik, adj. pertaining to the northern part of the Old World.—Palæarctic region, a great division embracing Europe, Africa north of the Atlas, and Asia north of the Himalaya.

Palæichthyology, pā-lē-ik-thī-ol′o-ji, n. the branch of ichthyology which treats of fossil fishes.

Palæobotany, pā-lē-ō-bot′a-ni, n. the science or study of fossil plants.—adj. Palæobotan′ical.—n. Palæobot′anist.

Palæocrystic, pā-lē-ō-kris′tik, adj. consisting of ancient ice.

Palæography, Paleography, pā-lē-og′ra-fi, n. ancient modes of writing: study of ancient writings and modes of writing.—n. Palæog′rapher, one skilled in palæography.—adjs. Palæograph′ic, -al, of or pertaining to palæography.—n. Palæog′raphist. [Gr. palaios, ancient, graphein, to write.]

Palæolithic, pā-lē-ō-lith′ik, adj. of or pertaining to the time when early stone implements were used: the first half of the stone age.—n. Palæol′ith, a rude stone implement or object of the earlier stone age. [Gr. palaios, ancient, lithos, a stone.]

Palæology, pā-lē-ol′ō-ji, n. a discourse or treatise on antiquities: archæology.—n. Palæol′ogist, one versed in palæology: a student of antiquity. [Gr. palaios, ancient, logia, discourse.]

Palæontography, pā-lē-on-tog′ra-fi, n. the description of fossil remains.—adj. Palæontograph′ical, pertaining to palæontography. [Gr. palaios, ancient, onta, existences, graphein, to write.]

Palæontology, pā-lē-on-tol′ō-ji, n. the science of the ancient life of the earth: description of fossil remains: archæology.—adj. Palæontolog′ical, belonging to palæontology.—n. Palæontol′ogist, one versed in palæontology. [Gr. palaios, ancient, onta, existences, logia, discourse.]

Palæophytology, pā-lē-ō-fī-tol′ō-ji, n. palæobotany.

Palæosaurus, pā-lē-ō-saw′rus, n. a genus of fossil saurian reptiles belonging to the Permian period. [Gr. palaios, ancient, sauros, lizard.]

Palæotherium, pā-lē-ō-thē′ri-um, n. a genus of fossil pachydermatous mammalia in the Eocene beds. [Gr. palaios, ancient, thērion, a wild beast.]

Palæozoic, pā-lē-ō-zō′ik, adj. denoting the lowest division of the fossiliferous rocks, so called because they contain the earliest forms of life. [Gr. palaios, ancient, zoē, life.]

Palæozoology, pā-lē-ō-zō-ol′ō-ji, n. geologic zoology.—adjs. Palæozoolog′ic, -al.

Palætiology, pā-lē-ti-ol′ō-ji, n. the science which explains past conditions by the law of causation.—adj. Palætiolog′ical.—n. Palætiol′ogist.

Palama, pal′a-ma, n. the webbing of the toes of a bird:—pl. Pal′amæ.—adj. Pal′amāte. [Gr. palamē.]

Palampore, pal′am-pōr, n. a flowered chintz bedcover common in the East.—Also Pal′empore. [Prob. from the Ind. town of Palampūr.]

Palanquin, Palankeen, pal-an-kēn′, n. a light covered carriage used in India, &c., for a single person, and borne on the shoulders of men. [Hind. palang, a bed—Sans. palyanka, a bed.]

Palapteryx, pal-ap′tėr-iks, n. a genus of fossil birds found in New Zealand, resembling the Apteryx. [Gr. palaios, ancient, and apteryx.]

Palas, pal′as, n. a small bushy Punjab bean, yielding a kind of kino, Butea gum.

Palate, pal′āt, n. the roof of the mouth, consisting of two portions, the hard palate in front and the soft palate behind: taste: relish: mental liking.—v.t. to taste.—adj. Pal′atable, agreeable to the palate or taste: savoury.—n. Pal′atableness, the quality of being agreeable to the taste.—adv. Pal′atably.—adj. Pal′atal, pertaining to the palate: uttered by aid of the palate—also Pal′atine.—n. a letter pronounced chiefly by aid of the palate, as k, g, e, i.—v.t. Pal′atalise, to make palatal.—adj. Palat′ic.—Cleft palate, a congenital defect of the palate, leaving a longitudinal fissure in the roof of the mouth. [O. Fr. palat—L. palatum.]

Palatial, pa-lā′shi-al, adj. of or pertaining to a palace: resembling a palace: royal: magnificent.

Palatine, pal′a-tin, adj. pertaining to a palace, originally applied to officers of the royal household: possessing royal privileges.—n. a noble invested with royal privileges: a subject of a palatinate.—n. Palat′inate, office or rank of a palatine: province of a palatine, esp. an electorate of the ancient German Empire.—Count palatine, a feudal lord with supreme judicial authority over a province; County palatine, the province of a count palatine. [Fr.,—L. palatinus. Cf. Palace.]

Palaver, pa-lav′ėr, n. talk or conversation, esp. idle talk: talk intended to deceive: a public conference: in Africa, a talk with the natives.—v.i. to use conversation: to flatter: to talk idly.—n. Palav′erer. [Port. palavra—L. parabola, a parable.]

Palay, pa-lā′, n. a small S. Indian tree of the dogbane family, with hard white wood.—Also Ivory-tree.

Pale, pāl, n. a narrow piece of wood driven into the ground for use in enclosing grounds: anything that encloses or fences in: any enclosed field or space: limit: district: a broad stripe from top to bottom of a shield in heraldry.—v.t. to enclose with stakes: to encompass.—n. Palificā′tion, act of strengthening by stakes.—adj. Pal′iform.—English pale, the district in Ireland within which alone the English had power for centuries after the invasion in 1172. [Fr. pal—L. palus, a stake.]

Pale, pāl, adj. somewhat white in colour: not ruddy or fresh: wan: of a faint lustre, dim: light in colour.—v.t. to make pale.—v.i. to turn pale.—ns. Pale′-ale, a light-coloured pleasant bitter ale; Pale′buck, an antelope, the oribi.—adj. Pale′-eyed (Shak.), having the eyes dimmed.—n. Pale′-face, a white person.—adj. Pale′-heart′ed (Shak.), dispirited.—adv. Pale′ly.—n. Pale′ness.—adjs. Pale′-vis′aged (Shak.), having no colour in the face; Pā′lish, somewhat pale. [Fr.,—L. pallidus, pale.]

Palea, pā′lē-a, n. (bot.) a chaffy bract at the base of the florets in many Compositæ, also one of the inner scales of a grass-flower opposite the flowering glume: the throat-wattle, as in turkeys:—pl. Pā′leæ.—adj. Paleā′ceous (bot.), resembling, consisting of, or furnished with chaff: chaffy. [L. palea, chaff.]

Paleotype, pā′lē-ō-tīp, n. a system of spelling invented by A. J. Ellis, according to which all spoken sounds can be represented by the letters in common use, some of them being used upside down as well as in the usual way, to express varieties of sound.

Pales, pā′lēz, n. an ancient Roman divinity of flocks.—n. Palil′ia, the festival of Pales, held on April 21, the traditional date of the founding of Rome.

Palestinian, pal-es-tin′i-an, adj. pertaining to Palestine.—Palestine soup (see Artichoke).

Palestra, pā-les′tra, n. a wrestling school: the exercise of wrestling: any training school: academic oratory.—adjs. Pales′tral, Pales′trian, Pales′tric, -al, pertaining to wrestling: athletic. [L.,—Gr. palaistra—palē, wrestling.]

Paletot, pal′e-tō, n. a loose overcoat. [Fr.]

Palette, pal′et, n. a little oval board on which a painter mixes his colours: the special arrangement of colours for any particular picture: a plate against which a person presses his breast to give force to a drill worked by the hand: a small plate covering a joint in armour.—n. Pal′ette-knife, a thin round-pointed knife for mixing colours on the grinding slab. [Fr.,—It. paletta—pala, spade—L. pala, a spade.]

Palfrey, pal′fri, n. a saddle-horse, esp. for a lady.—adj. Pal′freyed, riding on, or supplied with, a palfrey. [Fr. palefroi—Low L. paraveredus, prob. from Gr. para, beside, Low L. veredus, a post-horse—L. vehĕre, to draw, rheda, a carriage.]

Pali, pä′lē, n. the sacred language of the Buddhists of eastern India, closely allied to Sanskrit.

Palillogy, pā-lil′ō-ji, n. a repetition of a word or phrase. [Gr. palillogia—palin, again, legein, to say.]

Palimpsest, pal′imp-sest, n. a manuscript which has been written upon twice, the first writing having been rubbed off to make room for the second: an engraved brass plate, with a new inscription on the reverse side. [Gr. palimpsēston—palin, again, psēstos, rubbed.]

Palinal, pal′i-nal, adj. moving backward. [Gr. palin.]

Palindrome, pal′in-drōm, n. a word, verse, or sentence that reads the same either backward or forward, as Adam's first words to Eve: 'Madam, I'm Adam.'—adjs. Palindrom′ic, -al.—n. Pal′indromist, an inventor of palindromes. [Gr. palindromia—palin, back, dromos, a running.]

Paling, pāl′ing, n. pales collectively: a fence.

Palingenesis, pal-in-jen′e-sis, n. a new birth or a second creation: regeneration: the development of an individual germ in which it repeats that of its ancestors: the recurrence of historical events in the same order in an infinite series of cycles—also Pal′ingeny, Palingē′sia.—adj. Palinget′ic.—adv. Palinget′ically. [Gr. palin, again, genesis, birth.]

Palinode, pal′i-nōd, n. a poem retracting a former one: a recantation.—adjs. Palinō′dial, Palinod′ic.—n. Pal′inōdist, a writer of palinodes. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr.,—palin, back, ōdē, song.]

Palisade, pal-i-sād′ n. a fence of pointed pales or stakes firmly fixed in the ground.—v.t. to surround with a palisade.—Also Palisā′do:—pl. Palisā′does. [Fr.,—L. palus, a stake.]

Palisander, pal-i-san′dėr, n. rosewood. [Fr.]

Palissée, pal-i-sā′, adj. (her.) battlemented, the indentations pointing both up and down. [Fr.]

Palkee, pal′kē, n. a palanquin.—n. Pal′kee-ghar′ry, a wheeled vehicle like a palanquin. [Hind.]

Pall, pawl, n. a cloak or mantle, an outer garment: a chalice-cover: (her.) a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses patté fitché, as in the arms of the see of Canterbury—sometimes reversed: a pallium (q.v.): a curtain or covering: the cloth over a coffin at a funeral: that which brings deep sorrow.—n. Pall′-bear′er, one of the mourners at a funeral who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. pæll, purple cloth—L. palla, a mantle; cf. Pallium, a cloak.]

Pall, pawl, v.i. to become vapid, insipid, or wearisome.—v.t. to make vapid: to dispirit or depress. [W. pallu, to fail, pall, failure.]

Palladian, pa-lā′di-an, adj. in the style of architecture introduced by Andrea Palladio (1518-80), modelled on Vitruvius, its faults a superfluity of pilasters and columns, broken entablatures, and inappropriate ornament.—n. Pallā′dianism.

Palladium, pal-lā′di-um, n. a statue of Pallas, on the preservation of which the safety of ancient Troy depended: any safeguard: a rare metal in colour and ductility resembling platinum.—adj. Pallā′dian.—v.t. Pallā′diumise, to coat with palladium. [L.,—Gr. palladion—Pallas, Pallados, Pallas.]

Pallah, pal′a, n. a small African antelope.

Pallas, pal′as, n. the Greek goddess of wisdom and war—the Roman Minerva.—Also Pallas Athene.

Pallescence, pal-les′ens, n. paleness.

Pallet, pal′et, n. a palette: the tool used by potters for shaping their wares: an instrument for spreading gold-leaf: a tool used in lettering the backs of books: one of the points moved by the pendulum of a clock which check the motion of the escape or balance wheel: a disc in the endless chain of a chain-pump: a ballast-locker in a ship: a valve by which the admission of air from the bellows to an organ-pipe may be regulated from the keyboard: a board for carrying newly moulded bricks. [Palette.]

Pallet, pal′et, n. a mattress, or couch, properly a mattress of straw. [Prov. Fr. paillet, dim. of Fr. paille, straw—L. palea, chaff.]

Pallial, pal′i-al, adj. pertaining to a pallium.—n. Pall′iament (Shak.), a robe.

Palliasse, pa-lyas′, n. Same as Paillasse.

Palliate, pal′i-āt, v.t. to cover, excuse, extenuate: to soften by pleading something in favour of: to mitigate.—n. Palliā′tion, act of palliating: extenuation: mitigation.—adj. Pall′iātive, serving to extenuate: mitigating.—n. that which lessens pain, disease, &c.—adj. Pall′iātory. [L. palliāre, -ātum, to cloak—pallium, a cloak.]

Pallid, pal′id, adj. pale, wan.—ns. Pallid′ity, Pall′idness.—adv. Pall′idly. [L. pallidus, pale.]

Pallium, pal′i-um, n. a large, square mantle, worn by learned Romans in imitation of the Greeks: an annular white woollen band, embroidered with black crosses, worn by the Pope, and on some occasions by archbishops, to whom it is granted: (ornith.) the mantle:—pl. Pall′ia.—adj. Pall′ial. [L.]

Pall-mall, pel-mel′, n. an old game, in which a ball was driven through an iron ring with a mallet: an alley where the game used to be played, hence the street in London.—adv. in pall-mall fashion. [O. Fr. pale-maille—Old It. palamaglio—palla—Old High Ger. pallá (Ger. ball, Eng. ball), and maglio—L. malleus, a hammer.]

Pallometric, pal-o-met′rik, adj. pertaining to the measurement of artificial vibrations in the earth's surface. [Gr. pallein, to shake, metron, a measure.]

Pallone, päl-lō′nā, n. a game like tennis played with a ball, which is struck by the arm covered by a guard. [It.]

Pallor, pal′or, n. quality or state of being pallid or pale: paleness. [L.,—pallēre, to be pale.]

Palm, päm, n. the inner part of the hand: a measure of length equal to the breadth of the hand, or to its length from wrist to finger-tip: a measure of 3 and sometimes of 4 inches: that which covers the palm: the fluke of an anchor: the flattened portion of an antler.—v.t. to stroke with the palm or hand: to conceal in the palm of the hand: (esp. with off, and on, or upon) to impose by fraud.—n. Pal′ma, the palm: the enlarged proximal joint of the fore tarsus of a bee.—adjs. Pal′mar, -y, relating to the palm of the hand; Pal′māte, -d, shaped like the palm of the hand: (bot.) divided into sections, the midribs of which run to a common centre: entirely webbed, as the feet of a duck.—adv. Pal′mātely.—adjs. Palmat′ifid (bot.), shaped like the hand, with the divisions extending half-way, or slightly more, down the leaf; Palmat′iform, shaped like an open palm; Palmed, having palms. [Fr. paume—L. palma, the palm of the hand; Gr. palamē.]

Palm, päm, n. a tropical, branchless tree of many varieties, bearing at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand: a leaf of this tree borne in token of rejoicing or of victory: (fig.) triumph or victory.—adjs. Palmā′ceous, belonging to the order of palm-trees; Palmā′rian, Pal′mary, worthy of the palm: pre-eminent.—ns. Palm′-butt′er, palm-oil; Palm′ery, a place for growing palms; Palm′house, a glass house for raising palms and other tropical plants.—adjs. Palmif′erous, producing palm-trees; Palmit′ic, pertaining to, or obtained from, palm-oil.—ns. Pal′mitine, a white fat, usually occurring, when crystallised from ether, in the form of scaly crystals—abundant in palm-oil; Palm′-oil, an oil or fat obtained from the pulp of the fruit of palms, esp. of the oil-palm, allied to the coco-nut palm: (slang) a bribe or tip; Palm′-sū′gar, jaggery; Palm′-Sun′day, the Sunday before Easter, in commemoration of the day on which our Saviour entered Jerusalem, when palm-branches were strewed in His way by the people; Palm′-wine, the fermented sap of certain palms.—adj. Palm′y, bearing palms: flourishing: victorious.—Palma Christi, the castor-oil plant. [A.S. from L., as above.]

Palmer, päm′ėr, n. a pilgrim from the Holy Land, distinguished by his carrying a branch of palm: a cheat at cards or dice.—ns. Pal′merin, any medieval knightly hero, from the Palmerin romances, the original hero Palmerin de Oliva; Palm′er-worm (B.), a hairy worm which wanders like a palmer, devouring leaves, &c.

Palmette, pal′met, n. an ornament, somewhat like a palm-leaf, cut or painted on mouldings, &c. [Fr.]

Palmetto, pal-met′ō, n. a name for several fan-palms, esp. the cabbage-palm of Florida, &c.: a hat made of palmetto-leaves. [Sp.,—L. palma.]

Palmigrade, pal′mi-grād, adj. noting animals that walk on the sole of the foot and not merely on the toes: plantigrade. [L. palma, palm, gradi, to walk.]

Palmiped, pal′mi-pēd, adj. web-footed.—n. a web-footed or swimming bird:—pl. Palmip′edes (-ēz). [L. palma, palm of the hand, pes, pedis, the foot.]

Palmist, pal′mist, or pä′mist, n. one who tells fortunes by the lines and marks of the palm—also Pal′mister (or pä′-).—n. Pal′mistry (or pä′-), the practice of telling fortunes by the lines, &c., of the palm.

Palmyra, pal-mī′ra, n. an East Indian palm furnishing the greater part of the palm-wine of India (Toddy).—adj. and n. Palmyrene′, pertaining to the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra or Tadmor.

Palolo, pa-lō′lō, n. an edible annelid allied to the lugworm, found near Polynesian coral-reefs.

Palp, palp, n. a jointed sensiferous organ attached in pairs to the labium or maxilla of insects, and thus distinguished from antennæ, which are on the top of the head—also Pal′pus:—pl. Pal′pi.—adjs. Pal′pal; Palped; Pal′piform; Palpig′erous, bearing palpi; Palp′less.—n. Pal′pūlus, a little palp. [Low L. palpus—L. palpāre, to stroke.]

Palpable, pal′pa-bl, adj. that can be touched or felt: easily perceived or found out, as lies, &c.: looking as if it might be touched or felt: obvious, gross.—ns. Palpabil′ity, Pal′pableness, quality of being palpable: obviousness.—adv. Pal′pably.—v.t. Pal′pāte, to examine by touch.—n. Palpā′tion, the act of examining by means of touch. [Fr.,—L. palpabilis—palpāre, -ātum, to touch softly.]

Palpebral, pal′pe-bral, adj. of or pertaining to the eyelids.—adjs. Pal′pebrāte, having eyebrows; Pal′pebrous, having heavy eyebrows. [L. palpebra, the eyelid.]

Palpifer, pal′pi-fėr, n. an outer lobe of the maxilla.—adj. Palpif′erous.

Palpitate, pal′pi-tāt, v.i. to move often and quickly: to beat rapidly: to throb: to pulsate.—adj. Pal′pitant (arch.), palpitating.—n. Palpitā′tion, act of palpitating: irregular action of the heart, caused by excitement, excessive exertion, or disease. [L. palpitāre, -ātum, freq. of palpāre. Cf. Palpable.]

Palsgrave, palz′grāv, n. one who has charge of a royal household: one of a special order of nobility, esp. one of the hereditary rulers of the Palatinate:—fem. Pals′gravine.

Palstaff, pal′staf, n. an old Celtic and Scandinavian weapon—a wedge of stone or metal fixed by a tongue in a staff. [Dan.,—Ice. pálstafr.]

Palsy, pawl′zi, n. a loss of power or of feeling, more or less complete, in the muscles of the body: paralysis.—v.t. to affect with palsy: to deprive of action or energy: to paralyse:—pa.p. pal′sied. [Fr. paralysie—Gr. paralysis. Cf. Paralysis.]

Palter, pawl′tėr, v.i. to trifle in talk: to use trickery: to dodge: to shuffle: to equivocate.—n. Pal′terer. [Prob. conn. with paltry.]

Paltry, pawl′tri, adj. mean: vile: worthless.—adv. Pal′trily.—n. Pal′triness. [Teut.; Dan. pialter, rags, Low Ger. paltrig, ragged.]

Paludal, pal′ū-dal, adj. pertaining to marshes: marshy—also Pal′ūdine, Palū′dinous, Pal′ūdose, Palus′tral, Palus′trine.—n. Pal′udism, marsh poisoning. [L. palus, paludis, a marsh.]

Paludamentum, pā-lū-da-men′tum, n. a military cloak worn by a Roman Imperator, or by members of his staff.—Also Palū′dament. [L.]

Paly, pā′li, adj. pale: wanting colour: (her.) divided by pales into equal parts.

Pam, pam, n. the knave of clubs at loo.

Pampas, pam′paz, n.pl. vast plains, without trees, in South America, south of the Amazon—north of that river they are called llanos.—n. Pam′pas-grass, a tall, ornamental, reed-like grass with large thick silvery panicles.—adj. Pam′pēan.

Pamper, pam′pėr, v.t. to feed with fine food: to gratify to the full: to glut.—ns. Pam′peredness; Pam′perer. [A freq. from pamp, a nasalised form of pap; cf. Low Ger. pampen—pampe, pap.]

Pampero, pam-pā′ro, n. a violent south-west wind which sweeps over the pampas of South America. [Sp.,—pampa, a plain.]

Pamphlet, pam′flet, n. a small book consisting of one or more sheets stitched together, but not bound: a short essay on some interesting subject.—n. Pamphleteer′, a writer of pamphlets.—p.adj. Pamphleteer′ing, writing pamphlets.—n. the practice of writing pamphlets. [Ety. dub.; acc. to Skeat, perh. through Fr. from Pamphila, a 1st cent. female writer of epitomes; others suggest Fr. paume, the palm of the hand, and feuillet, a leaf.]

Pamphract, pam′frakt, adj. (rare) protected completely, as by a coat of mail. [Gr. pam, pan, all, phraktos—phrassein, to fence in.]

Pamphysical, pam-fiz′ik-al, adj. pertaining to nature regarded as embracing all things.

Pampiniform, pam-pin′i-form, adj. curling like the tendril of a vine. [L. pampinus, a tendril.]

Pamplegia, pam-plē′ji-a, n. general paralysis. [Gr. pan, all, plēgē, a blow.]

Pan, pan, n. a broad, shallow vessel for domestic use, or for use in the arts or manufactures: anything resembling a pan in shape, as the upper part of the skull: the part of a firelock which holds the priming.—v.t. to treat with the panning process, as earth, or to separate by shaking the auriferous earth with water in a pan: to obtain in any way, to secure: to cook and serve in a pan.—v.i. to yield gold: to appear, as gold, in a pan: to turn out well, according to expectation: to try to find gold with the pan process.—Pan out, to yield or afford, to result; Panned out (U.S.), exhausted, bankrupt.—Flash in the pan, to flash and go out suddenly, not igniting the charge—of the powder in the pan of a flint-lock firearm: to fail after a fitful effort, to give up without accomplishing anything; Hard-pan (see Hard). [A.S. panne—prob. through the Celt., from Low L. panna—L. patina, a basin.]

Pan, pan, n. the Greek god of pastures, flocks, and woods, worshipped in Arcadia, and fond of music—with goat's legs and feet, and sometimes horns and ears.—n. Pan's′-pipes (see Pandean).

Panacea, pan-a-sē′a, n. a universal medicine: (bot.) the plant Allheal (Valeriana officinalis). [Gr. panakeia—pas, pan, all, akos, cure.]

Panache, pa-nash′, n. a plume of feathers, used as a head-dress. [Fr.]

Panada, pa-nä′da, n. a dish made by boiling bread to a pulp in water, with sweetening and flavour: a batter for forcemeats. [Sp.]

Panæsthesia, pan-es-thē′si-a, n. common sensation, as distinct from special sensations or sense-perceptions.—n. Pansæs′thetism.

Panagia, pa-nā′ji-a, n. an epithet of the Virgin in the Eastern Church: an ornament worn hanging on the breast by Russian bishops—also Panā′ghia.—n. Panagiā′rion, a paten on which the loaf is placed, used in the 'elevation of the Panagia.' [Gr., 'all holy,' pas, all, hagios, holy.]

Pan-American, pan-a-mer′i-kan, adj. including all the divisions of America collectively.

Pan-Anglican, pan-ang′gli-kan, adj. representing or including all Christians everywhere who hold the doctrines and polity of the Anglican Church.

Panaritium, pan-a-rish′i-um, n. suppurative inflammation in a finger—same as whitlow.

Panarthritis, pan-är-thrī′tis, n. inflammation involving all the structures of a joint.

Panary, pan′a-ri, adj. of or pertaining to bread.—n. a storehouse for bread: a pantry. [L. panis, bread.]

Panathenæa, pan-ath-ē-nē′a, n.pl. the chief national festival of ancient Athens—the lesser held annually, the greater every fourth year.—adjs. Panathenæ′an, Panathenā′ic. [Gr.]

Panax, pa-naks′, n. a genus of shrubs with radiately or pinnately compound leaves and small flowers in compound umbels, the ginseng. [Gr., 'all healing.']

Pancake, pan′kāk, n. a thin cake of eggs, flour, sugar, and milk fried in a pan.—n. Pan′cake-ice, thin ice forming in smooth water.—Pancake Tuesday, Shrove Tuesday.

Panch, panch, n. a thick mat made of strands of rope, used in ships in places to prevent chafing.—Also Paunch.

Panchatantra, pan-chä-tänt′rä, n. the oldest extant collection of apologues and stories in Sanskrit literature, arranged in five books.

Pancheon, pan′chon, n. a coarse earthenware pan.—Also Panch′in. [Pannikin.]

Panclastite, pan-klas′tīt, n. an explosive substance of slightly less strength than dynamite, formed of a preparation of nitrogen and carbon. [Gr. pan, all, klastos, broken, klaein, to break.]

Pancratium, pan-krā′ti-um, n. a contest of boxing and wrestling combined.—adjs. Pancrā′tian, Pancrat′ic.—ns. Pancrā′tiast, Pan′cratist. [Gr. pan, all, kratos, strength.]

Pancreas, pan′krē-as, n. a conglomerate gland, lying transversely across the posterior wall of the abdomen, secreting the pancreatic juice which pours with the bile into the digestive system.—adj. Pancreat′ic, pertaining to the pancreas.—ns. Pan′creatin, the pancreatic juice; Pancreatīt′is, inflammation of the pancreas. [Gr. pas, pan, all, kreas, flesh.]

Pand, pand, n. (Scot.) a narrow curtain over a bed.

Panda, pan′da, n. a remarkable animal in the bear section of Carnivores found in the south-east Himalayas.—Also Chitwah, or Red bear-cat.

Pandanus, pan-dā′nus, n. the screw-pipe, the typical genus of the Pandaneæ. [Malay.]

Pandation, pan-dā′shun, n. a yielding or warping. [L. pandāre, to bend.]

Pandean, pan-dē′an, adj. of or relating to the god Pan.—n. Pandē′an-pipes, or Pan's′-pipes, a musical instrument composed of reeds of various lengths, said to have been invented by Pan: a syrinx.

Pandect, pan′dekt, n. a treatise containing the whole of any science: (pl.) the digest of Roman or civil law made by command of the Emperor Justinian in the 6th century. [L.,—Gr. pandectes—pas, pan, all, dechesthai, to receive.]

Pandemic, pan-dem′ik, adj. incident to a whole people, epidemic.—n. a pandemic disease.—n. Pandem′ia, a widespread disease. [Gr. pandēmios—pas, pan, all, dēmos, the people.]

Pandemonium, pan-dē-mō′ni-um, n. the great hall of evil spirits, described in Paradise Lost: any disorderly assembly, or loud tumultuous noise. [Gr. pas, pan, all, daimōn, a demon.]

Pander, pan′dėr, n. one who procures for another the means of gratifying his passions: a pimp.—v.t. to play the pander for.—v.i. to act as a pander: to minister to the passions.—ns. Pan′derage, act, employment, or vices of a pander; Pan′deress, a procuress; Pan′derism, the employment or practices of a pander.—adjs. Pan′derly (Shak.), acting as a pander; Pan′derous. [Pandarus, the pimp in the story of Troilus and Cressida in the versions of Boccaccio (Filostrato), Chaucer, and Shakespeare.]

Pandiculation, pan-dik-ū-lā′shun, n. the act of stretching one's self after sleep, &c.: restlessness before fever, hysteria, &c.: yawning.—adj. Pandic′ulāted, stretched out. [L. pandiculāri, -ātus, to stretch one's self out.]

Pandion, pan-dī′on, n. the genus of ospreys or fishing-hawks. [Gr., the father of Procne, who was changed into a swallow.]

Pandit. Same as Pundit.

Pandora, pan-dō′ra, n. a beautiful woman to whom Jupiter, in order to punish the theft of heavenly fire by Prometheus, gave a box containing all the ills of human life, which, on the box being opened, spread over all the earth. [Gr., pan, all, dōron, a gift.]

Pandore, pan-dōr′, n. a musical instrument of the lute kind with three or four strings—also Bandore.—n. Pandū′ra, a Neapolitan musical instrument with eight metal wires, played with a quill.—adjs. Pan′durate, -d, Pandū′riform, fiddle-shaped. [Gr. pandoura, a 3-stringed instrument, invented by Pan.]

Pandore, pan′dōr, n. an esteemed variety of oysters found near Prestonpans on the Firth of Forth.

Pandour, pan′dōōr, n. a Hungarian foot-soldier in the Austrian service: a robber.—Also Pan′door. [From Pandur, a village in Hungary.]

Pandowdy, pan-dew′di, n. a pudding baked with bread and apples.

Pandy, pan′di, n. a stroke on the palm as a school punishment.—v.t. to slap. [L. pande, hold out, imper. of pandĕre, to hold out.]

Pane, pān, n. a plate of glass: a square in a pattern: a flat division or side in any kind of work: a slash in a dress, showing an under garment, or for the insertion of a piece of cloth of different colour, &c.: a panel or piece of cloth of a different colour from the rest, esp. in variegated work.—v.t. to insert panes or panels in.—adj. Paned, composed of panes or small squares: variegated. [Fr. pan, a lappet, pane—L. pannus, a cloth, a rag, akin to Gr. pēnos, the woof.]

Panegoism, pan-ē′gō-izm, n. Same as Solipsism (q.v.).

Panegyric, pan-ē-jir′ik, n. an oration or eulogy in praise of some person or event: an encomium.—adjs. Panēgyr′ic, -al.—adv. Panēgyr′ically.—n. Panēgyr′icon, in the Greek Church, a collection of sermons for festivals.—v.t. Pan′ēgyrise, to write or pronounce a panegyric on: to praise highly.—ns. Pan′ēgyrist; Pan′ēgyry (obs.). [L.,—Gr. panēgyrikos, fit for a national festival—pas, pan, all, agyris (agora), an assembly.]

Paneity, pā-nē′i-ti, n. the state of being bread. [L. panis, bread.]

Panel, pan′el, n. a rectangular piece of any material: (archit.) a flat surface with raised margins, or with a surrounding frame: a thin board on which a picture is painted: (law) a schedule containing the names of those summoned to serve as jurors: the jury: (Scots law) a prisoner at the bar: a frame for carrying a mortar: a rail in a post-and-rail fence.—v.t. to furnish with panels:—pr.p. pan′elling; pa.p. pan′elled.—Also Pann′el.—ns. Pan′el-game, the act of stealing articles by means of a sliding panel; Pan′elling, panel-work; Pan′el-pic′ture, a picture painted on a panel; Pan′el-plān′er, a machine for dressing panels and feathering their edges to fit them to the grooves in the stiles; Pan′el-saw, a saw for cutting very thin wood; Pan′el-strip, a narrow piece of wood or metal for covering a joint between two panels; Pan′el-work′ing, a method of working a coal-mine by dividing it into compartments. [O. Fr.,—Low L. pannellus—L. pannus, a rag.]

Paneulogism, pan-ū′lō-jizm, n. indiscriminate eulogy.

Panful, pan′fool, n. the quantity that a pan will hold:—pl. Pan′fuls.

Pang, pang, v.t. (Scot.) to cram, stuff with food.

Pang, pang, n. a violent but not long-continued pain: a sudden and bitter feeling of sorrow: a throe.—v.t. to cause a pang, to torture.—adj. Pang′less, free from pain. [A form of prong, prob. modified by confusion with Fr. poing, a fist—L. pugnus, the fist.]

Pangenesis, pan-jen′e-sis, n. the theory that every separate part of the whole organisation reproduces itself.—adj. Pangenet′ic. [Gr. pas, pan, all, genesis, production.]

Pangolin, pang′gō-lin, n. the scaly ant-eater, a name given to the various species of the genus Manis belonging to the mammalian order Edentata. [Malay.]

Pangrammatist, pan-gram′a-tist, n. one who twists all the letters of the alphabet into sentences, as in the following example: 'John P. Brady, give me a black walnut box of quite a small size.'

Pan-handle, pan′-han′dl, n. the handle of a pan: a long narrow strip projecting like this.

Panharmonicon, pan-har-mon′i-kon, n. a mechanical musical instrument of the orchestrion class.—Also Orpheus-harmonica.

Panhellenic, pan-hel-en′ik, adj. pertaining to all Greece.—ns. Panhellē′nion, or Panhellē′nium, a council representing all the sections of the Greeks; Panhell′enism, a scheme for forming all Greeks into one political body; Panhell′enist, one who favours Panhellenism. [Gr. pas, pan, all, Hellēnikos, Greek—Hellas, Greece.]

Panic, pan′ik, n. extreme or sudden fright: great terror without any visible ground or foundation: a state of terror about investments produced by some startling collapse in credit, impelling men to rush and sell what they possess.—adj. of the nature of a panic: extreme or sudden: imaginary.—adj. Pan′icky (coll.), inclined to panic or sudden terror, affected by financial panic.—n. Pan′ic-mong′er, one who creates panics.—adjs. Pan′ic-strick′en, Pan′ic-struck, struck with a panic or sudden fear. [Orig. an adj.; Gr. panikon (deima), 'panic' (fear), from panikos, belonging to Pan, god of the woods.]

Panicle, pan′i-kl, n. (bot.) a form of the arrangement of flowers on a stalk, in which the cluster is irregularly branched, as in oats.—n. Pan′ic, a grass of the genus Panicum.—adjs. Pan′icled (bot.), furnished with panicles: arranged in or like panicles; Panic′ulāte, -d, furnished with, arranged in, or like panicles.—adv. Panic′ulātely.—n. Pan′icum, a large genus of true grasses having the one or two-flowered spikelets in spikes, racemes, or panicles—including the common millet. [L. panicula, double dim. of panus, thread wound on a bobbin, akin to L. pannus and Gr. pēnos. See Pane.]

Panidrosis, pan-i-drō′sis, n. a perspiration over the whole body. [Gr. pas, pan, all, hidrōs, perspiration.]

Panification, pan-i-fi-kā′shun, n. a conversion into bread.—adj. Paniv′orous, eating bread.

Panionic, pan-ī-on′ik, adj. pertaining to all the Ionian peoples.

Panisc, pan′isk, n. the god Pan, represented as a satyr.

Panislamic, pan-is-lam′ik, adj. relating to all Islam, or all the Mohammedan races.—n. Panis′lamism, the idea of union amongst the Mohammedan races.

Panjandrum, pan-jan′drum, n. an imaginary figure of great power and importance, a burlesque potentate.—Also Panjan′darum. [A gibberish word.]

Panlogism, pan′lō-jizm, n. the theory that the universe is an outward manifestation of the Logos.

Panmelodion, pan-mē-lō′di-on, n. a keyboard musical instrument whose tone is produced by wheels rubbing on metal bars.

Panmixia, pan-mik′si-a, n. (biol.) cessation of natural selection, as on a useless organ.

Pannade, pa-nād′, n. the curvet of a horse.

Pannage, pan′āj, n. food picked up by swine in the woods, mast; also the right to this.

Pannel. Same as Panel.

Panniculus, pa-nik′ū-lus, n. a thin, sheet-like investment. [L., dim. of pannus, a cloth.]

Pannier, pan′yėr, or pan′i-ėr, n. a bread-basket: one of two baskets thrown across a horse's back, for carrying light produce to market: (archit.) a corbel: a contrivance for puffing out a woman's dress at the hips: a piece of basket-work for protecting archers, or, when filled with gravel or sand, for forming and protecting dikes, embankments, &c.—adj. Pann′iered, loaded with panniers. [Fr. panier—L. panarium, a bread-basket—panis, bread.]

Pannikel, pan′i-kl, n. the brain-pan: (Spens.) the skull. [Dim. of pan.]

Pannikin, pan′i-kin, n. a small pan or saucer.

Pannose, pan′ōs, adj. (bot.) like felt in texture. [L. pannosus—pannus, cloth.]

Pannus, pan′us, n. an opaque vascular membrane over the cornea: a tent for a wound: a birth-mark on the skin. [L., 'cloth.']

Pannuscorium, pan-us-kō′ri-um, n. a leather-cloth for boots. [L. pannus, cloth, corium, leather.]

Panocha, pa-nō′cha, n. a Mexican coarse sugar.

Panochia, pa-nō′chi-a, n. bubo in the groin or armpit. [Gr. cheia, a hole.]

Panoistic, pan-ō-is′tik, adj. producing ova only—opp. to Meroistic. [Gr. ōon, an egg.]

Panophobia, pan-ō-fō′bi-a, n. a morbid fear of everything. [Gr. pas, pan, all, phobos, fear.]

Panophthalmitis, pan-of-thal-mī′tis, n. suppurative inflammation of the whole eye.

Panoply, pan′ō-pli, n. complete armour: a full suit of armour.—adj. Pan′oplied, dressed in panoply: completely armed.—n. Pan′oplist, one so armed. [Gr. panoplia—pas, pan, all, hopla (pl.), arms.]

Panopticon, pan-op′ti-kon, n. a prison so constructed that all the prisoners can be watched from one point: an exhibition room. [Gr. pas, pan, all, horaein, fut. opsesthai, to see.]

Panorama, pan-ō-rä′ma, n. a wide or complete view: a picture giving views of objects in all directions: a picture representing a number of scenes unrolled and made to pass before the spectator.—adj. Panora′mic. [Gr. pan, all, horama, a view, from horaein, to see.]

Panotitis, pan-ō-tī′tis, n. inflammation in both the middle and internal ear.

Panotype, pan′ō-tīp, n. a picture made by the collodion process.

Panpharmacon, pan-far′ma-kon, n. a universal remedy.

Pan-Presbyterian, pan-pres-bi-tē′ri-an, adj. of or pertaining to the whole body of Presbyterians.—Pan-Presbyterian Council, a council representing all the Presbyterian churches throughout the world.

Pansclerosis, pan-skle-rō′sis, n. complete thickening and hardening of the interstitial tissue of a part.

Panser, pan′sėr, n. an ancient piece of armour for the abdomen. [O. Fr. pansiere—panse, the belly—L. pantex, the belly.]

Pan-Slavic, pan′-slav′ik, adj. pertaining to all the Slavic races.—ns. Pan′-Slav′ism, a movement for the amalgamation of all the Slavonic races into one body, with one language, literature, and social polity; Pan′-Slav′ist, one who favours Pan-Slavism.—adjs. Pan-Slavō′nian, Pan-Slavon′ic.

Pansophy, pan′sō-fi, n. a scheme of universal knowledge, esp. that of the educational reformer, John Amos Comenius (1592-1671): the pretence of universal wisdom.—adjs. Pansoph′ic, -al. [Gr. pas, pan, all, sophia, wisdom.]

Panspermatism, pan-sper′ma-tizm, n. the theory of the widespread diffusion of germs—also Pansper′my.—n. Pansper′matist, a holder of this.—adj. Pansper′mic. [Gr. pas, pan, all, sperma, seed.]

Panstereorama, pan-ster-ē-ō-rä′ma, n. a model showing every part in proportional relief, as of a building. [Gr. pas, pan, all, stereos, solid, horama, a view.]

Pansy, pan′zi, n. a species of violet developed by cultivation into large blossoms of great variety of colour—also Heart's-ease, Love-in-idleness:—pl. Pan′sies.—adj. Pan′sied. [Fr. pensée—penser, to think—L. pensāre, to weigh.]

Pant, pant, v.i. to breathe hard and quickly: to show excitement by quickness of breathing: to gasp: to throb: to desire ardently: to heave, as the breast: to bulge and shrink successively, of iron hulls, &c.—v.t. to gasp out: to long for.—ns. Pant, Pant′ing, rapid breathing: palpitation: longing.—adv. Pant′ingly, in a panting manner: with hard and rapid breathing. [Imit.; or nasalised from pat (v.t.).]

Pantagamy, pan-tag′a-mi, n. a system of communistic marriage, once practised in the Oneida community. [Gr. panta, all, gamos, marriage.]

Pantagogue, pan′ta-gōg, n. a medicine once believed capable of purging away all morbid humours. [Gr. panta, pas, all, agōgos, drawing out—agein, to lead.]

Pantagraph, Pantagraphic, -al. Same as Pantograph, &c.

Pantagruelism, pan-ta-grōō′el-izm, n. the theories and practice of Pantagruel as described by Rabelais (1483-1553)—burlesque ironical buffoonery as a cover for serious satire: empirical medical theory and practice.—adj. Pantagruel′ian.—ns. Pantagruel′ion, a magic herb allegorising fortitude, patience, industry; Pantagru′elist, a cynic who uses the medium of burlesque.

Pantaleon, pan-tal′ē-on, n. a musical instrument invented about 1700 by Pantaleon Hebenstreit, a very large dulcimer.

Pantalets, pan-ta-lets′, n.pl. long frilled drawers, once worn by women and children: a removable kind of ruffle worn at the feet of women's drawers.

Pantaloon, pan-ta-lōōn′, n. in pantomimes, a ridiculous character, a buffoon: (orig.) a ridiculous character in Italian comedy, also a garment worn by him, consisting of breeches and stockings all in one piece: (pl.) a kind of trousers.—n. Pantaloon′ery, buffoonery. [Fr. pantalon—It. pantalone, from Pantaleon (Gr. 'all-lion'), the patron saint of Venice.]

Pantatrophy, pan-tat′ro-fi, n. general atrophy of the whole body.

Pantechnicon, pan-tek′ni-kon, n. a place where every species of workmanship is sold, or where furniture, &c., is stored. [Gr. pas, pan, all, technē, art.]

Panter, pan′tėr, n. (obs.). Same as Panther.