V (part 2)

Defn: One who has been long exercised in any service or art, particularly in war; one who has had. Ensigns that pierced the foe's remotest lines, The hardy veteran with tears resigns. Addison.

Note: In the United States, during the civil war, soldiers who had served through one term of enlistment and had reënlisted were specifically designated veterans.

VETERANIZE
Vet"er*an*ize, v. i.

Defn: To reënlist for service as a soldier. [U.S.] Gen. W. T.
Sherman.

VETERINARIAN
Vet`er*i*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [L. veterinarius. See Veterinary.]

Defn: One skilled in the diseases of cattle or domestic animals; a veterinary surgeon.

VETERINARY Vet"er*i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. veterinarius of or belonging to beasts of burden an draught, fr. veterinus, probably originally, of or pertaining to yearlings: cf. F. vétérinaire. See Veteran, Wether.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art of healing or treating the diseases of domestic animals, as oxen, horses, sheep, etc.; as, a veterinary writer or school.

VETIVER
Vet"i*ver, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An East Indian grass (Andropogon muricatus); also, its fragrant roots which are much used for making mats and screens. Also called kuskus, and khuskhus. [Sometimes written vetivert, and vitivert.]

VETO
Ve"to, n.; pl. Vetoes (. Etym: [L. veto I forbid.]

1. An authoritative prohibition or negative; a forbidding; an interdiction. This contemptuous veto of her husband's on any intimacy with her family. G. Eliot.

2. Specifically: — (a) A power or right possessed by one department of government to forbid or prohibit the carrying out of projects attempted by another department; especially, in a constitutional government, a power vested in the chief executive to prevent the enactment of measures passed by the legislature. Such a power may be absolute, as in the case of the Tribunes of the People in ancient Rome, or limited, as in the case of the President of the United States. Called also the veto power. (b) The exercise of such authority; an act of prohibition or prevention; as, a veto is probable if the bill passes. (c) A document or message communicating the reasons of the executive for not officially approving a proposed law; — called also veto message. [U.S.]

Note: Veto is not a term employed in the Federal Constitution, but seems to be of popular use only. Abbott.

VETO
Ve"to, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vetoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Vetoing.]

Defn: To prohibit; to negative; also, to refuse assent to, as a legislative bill, and thus prevent its enactment; as, to veto an appropriation bill.

VETOIST
Ve"to*ist, n.

Defn: One who uses, or sustains the use of, the veto.

VETTURA Vet*tu"ra, n.; pl. Vetture. Etym: [It. vettura, fr. L. vectura conveyance. Cf. Vecture.]

Defn: An Italian four-wheeled carriage, esp. one let for hire; a hackney coach.

VETTURINO
Vet`tu*ri"no, n.; pl. Vetturini. Etym: [It.]

1. One who lets or drives a vettura.

2. A vettura.

VETUST
Ve*tust", a. Etym: [L. vetustus old, ancient.]

Defn: Venerable from antiquity; ancient; old. [Obs.]

VEX Vex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vexed; p. pr. & vb. n. Vexing.] Etym: [F. vexer, L. vexare, vexatum, to vex, originally, to shake, toss, in carrying, v. intens. fr. vehere, vectum, to carry. See Vehicle.]

1. To to White curl the waves, and the vexed ocean roars. Pope.

2. To make angry or annoyed by little provocations; to irritate; to plague; to torment; to harass; to afflict; to trouble; to tease. "I will not vex your souls." Shak. Then thousand torments vex my heart. Prior.

3. To twist; to weave. [R.] Some English wool, vexed in a Belgian loom. Dryden.

Syn.
— See Tease.

VEX
Vex, v. i.

Defn: To be irritated; to fret. [R.] Chapman.

VEXATION
Vex*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vexatio: cf. F. vexation.]

1. The act of vexing, or the state of being vexed; agitation; disquiet; trouble; irritation. Passions too violent . . . afford us nothing but vexation and pain. Sir W. Temple. Those who saw him after a defeat looked in vain for any trace of vexation. Macaulay.

2. The cause of trouble or disquiet; affliction. Your children were vexation to your youth. Shak.

3. A harassing by process of law; a vexing or troubling, as by a malicious suit. Bacon.

Syn. — Chagrin; agitation; mortification; uneasiness; trouble; grief; sorrow; distress. See Chagrin.

VEXATIOUS
Vex*a"tious, a. Etym: [See Vexation.]

1. Causing vexation; agitating; afflictive; annoying; as, a vexatious controversy; a vexatious neighbor. "Continual vexatious wars." South.

2. Full or vexation, trouble, or disquiet; disturbed. He leads a vexatious life. Sir K. Digby. Vexatious suit (Law), a suit commenced for the purpose of giving trouble, or without cause. — Vex*a"tious*ly, adv. — Vex*a"tious*ness, n.

VEXED
Vexed, a.

1. Annoyed; harassed; troubled.

2. Much debated or contested; causing discussion; as, a vexed question.

VEXER
Vex"er, n.

Defn: One who vexes or troubles.

VEXIL
Vex"il, n.

Defn: A vexillum.

VEXILLAR; VEXILLARY Vex"il*lar, Vex"il*la*ry,Etym: [Cf. F. vexillaire, L. vexillarius a standard bearer.]

1. Of or pertaining to an ensign or standard.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vexillum, or upper petal of papilionaceous flowers. Vexilary æstivation (Bot.), a mode of æstivation in which one large upper petal folds over, and covers, the other smaller petals, as in most papilionaceous plants.

VEXILLARY
Vex"il*la*ry, n. Etym: [L. vexillarius: cf. F. vexillaire.]

Defn: A standard bearer. Tennyson.

VEXILLATION
Vex`il*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. vexillatio.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A company of troops under one vexillum.

VEXILLUM
Vex*il"lum, n.; pl. Vexilla. Etym: [L., a standard, a flag.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A flag or standard. (b) A company of troops serving under one standard.

2. (Eccl.) (a) A banner. (b) The sign of the cross.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The upper petal of a papilionaceous flower; the standard.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rhachis and web of a feather taken together; the vane.

VEXINGLY
Vex"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vexing manner; so as to vex, tease, or irritate. Tatler.

V HOOK
V" hook`. (Steam Engine)

Defn: A gab at the end of an eccentric rod, with long jaws, shaped like the letter V.

VIA
Vi"a, n. Etym: [L. See Way.]

Defn: A road way. Via Lactea Etym: [L.] (Anat.), the Milky Way, or Galaxy. See Galaxy, 1. — Via media Etym: [L.] (Theol.), the middle way; — a name applied to their own position by the Anglican high-churchmen, as being between the Roman Catholic Church and what they term extreme Protestantism.

VIA
Vi"a, prep. Etym: [L., ablative of via way. See Way.]

Defn: By the way of; as, to send a letter via Queenstown to London.

VIABILITY
Vi`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being viable. Specifically: —(a) (Law)

Defn: The capacity of living after birth. Bouvier. (b) The capacity of living, or being distributed, over wide geographical limits; as, the viability of a species.

VIABLE
Vi"a*ble, a. Etym: [F., from vie life, L. vita. See Vital.] (Law)

Defn: Capable of living; born alive and with such form and development of organs as to be capable of living; — said of a newborn, or a prematurely born, infant.

Note: Unless he [an infant] is born viable, he acquires no rights, and can not transmit them to his heirs, and is considered as if he had never been born. Bouvier.

VIADUCT Vi`a*duct, n. Etym: [L. via a way + -duct, as in aqueduct: cf. F. viaduc. See Via, and Aqueduct.]

Defn: A structure of considerable magnitude, usually with arches or supported on trestles, for carrying a road, as a railroad, high above the ground or water; a bridge; especially, one for crossing a valley or a gorge. Cf. Trestlework.

VIAGE
Vi"age, n. Etym: [See Voyage.]

Defn: A voyage; a journey. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gower.

VIAL
Vi"al, n. Etym: [OE. viole, fiole, F. fiole. See Phial.]

Defn: A small bottle, usually of glass; a little glass vessel with a narrow aperture intended to be closed with a stopper; as, a vial of medicine. [Written also phial.] Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilled liquor thou off. Shak.

VIAL Vi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vialed or Vialled; p. pr. & vb. n. Vialing or Vialling.]

Defn: To put in a vial or vials. "Precious vialed liquors." Milton.

VIAMETER
Vi*am"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. via a way + -meter.]

Defn: An odometer; — called also viatometer.

VIAND Vi"and, n. Etym: [F. viande meat, food, LL. vianda, vivanda, vivenda, properly, things to live on, fr. L. vivere to live; akin to vivus living. See Vivid, and cf. Victualis.]

Defn: An article of food; provisions; food; victuals; — used chiefly
in the plural. Cowper.
Viands of various kinds allure the taste. Pope.

VIANDER
Vi"and*er, n.

Defn: A feeder; an eater; also, one who provides viands, or food; a host. [Obs.] Holinshed.

VI-APPLE
Vi"-ap`ple, n.

Defn: See Otaheite apple.

VIARY
Vi"a*ry, a. Etym: [L. viarius, fr. via a way, road.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to roads; happening on roads. [Obs.]

VIATECTURE
Vi"a*tec`ture, n. Etym: [L. via way + -tecture, as in architecture.]

Defn: The art of making roads or ways for traveling, including the construction of bridges, canals, viaducts, etc. [R.] R. Park.

VIATIC
Vi*at"ic, a. Etym: [L. viaticus, fr. via a way. See Voyage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a journey or traveling.

VIATICUM
Vi*at"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., from viaticus, a. See Viatic.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An allowance for traveling expenses made to those who were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or perform any service.

2. Provisions for a journey. Davies (Wit's Pilgr.).

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The communion, or eucharist, when given to persons in danger of death.

VIATOMETER
Vi`a*tom"e*ter, n.

Defn: A viameter.

VIBICES Vi*bi"ces, n. pl. Etym: [L., pl. of vibex, -icis, the mark of a blow.] (Med.)

Defn: More or less extensive patches of subcutaneous extravasation of blood.

VIBRACULUM Vi*brac"u*lum, n.; pl. Vibracula. Etym: [NL., dim. from L. vibrare to vibrate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the movable, slender, spinelike organs or parts with which certain bryozoans are furnished. They are regarded as specially modified zooids, of nearly the same nature as Avicularia.

VIBRANCY
Vi"bran*cy, n.

Defn: The state of being vibrant; resonance.

VIBRANT
Vi"brant, a. Etym: [L. vibrans, p. pr.: cf. F. vibrant. See Vibrate.]

Defn: Vibrating; tremulous; resonant; as, vibrant drums. Longfellow.

VIBRATE Vi"brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vibrate; p. pr. & vb. n. Vibrating.] Etym: [L. vibratus, p. p. of vibrare, v. t. & v. i., to snake, brandish, vibrate; akin to Skr. vip to tremble, Icel. veifa to wave, vibrate. See Waive and cf. Whip, v. t.]

1. To brandish; to move to and fro; to swing; as, to vibrate a sword or a staff.

2. To mark or measure by moving to and fro; as, a pendulum vibrating seconds.

3. To affect with vibratory motion; to set in vibration. Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, may . . . impress a swift, tremulous motion. Holder. Star to star vibrates light. Tennyson.

VIBRATE
Vi"brate, v. i.

1. To move to and fro, or from side to side, as a pendulum, an elastic rod, or a stretched string, when disturbed from its position of rest; to swing; to oscillate.

2. To have the constituent particles move to and fro, with alternate compression and dilation of parts, as the air, or any elastic body; to quiver.

3. To produce an oscillating or quivering effect of sound; as, a whisper vibrates on the ear. Pope.

4. To pass from one state to another; to waver; to fluctuate; as, a man vibrates between two opinions.

VIBRATILE
Vi"bra*tile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vibratile.]

Defn: Adapted to, or used in, vibratory motion; having the power of vibrating; vibratory; as, the vibratile organs of insects.

VIBRATILITY
Vi`bra*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vibratilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vibratile; disposition to vibration or oscillation. Rush.

VIBRATION
Vi*bra"tion, n. Etym: [L. vibratio: cf. F. vibration.]

1. The act of vibrating, or the state of being vibrated, or in vibratory motion; quick motion to and fro; oscillation, as of a pendulum or musical string. As a harper lays his open palm Upon his harp, to deaden its vibrations. Longfellow.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A limited reciprocating motion of a particle of an elastic body or medium in alternately opposite directions from its position of equilibrium, when that equilibrium has been disturbed, as when a stretched cord or other body produces musical notes, or particles of air transmit sounds to the ear. The path of the particle may be in a straight line, in a circular arc, or in any curve whatever.

Note: Vibration and oscillation are both used, in mechanics, of the swinging, or rising and falling, motion of a suspended or balanced body; the latter term more appropriately, as signifying such motion produced by gravity, and of any degree of slowness, while the former applies especially to the quick, short motion to and fro which results from elasticity, or the action of molecular forces among the particles of a body when disturbed from their position of rest, as in a spring. Amplitude of vibration, the maximum displacement of a vibrating particle or body from its position of rest. — Phase of vibration, any part of the path described by a particle or body in making a complete vibration, in distinction from other parts, as while moving from one extreme to the other, or on one side of the line of rest, in distinction from the opposite. Two particles are said to be in the same phase when they are moving in the same direction and with the same velocity, or in corresponding parts of their paths.

VIBRATIUNCLE
Vi*bra"ti*un`cle, a. Etym: [Dim. of vibration.]

Defn: A small vibration. [R.] Chambers.

VIBRATIVE
Vi"bra*tive, a. Vibrating

Defn: ; vibratory. "A vibrative motion." Sir I. Newton.

VIBRATOR Vi"bra*tor, n. One that vibrates, or causes vibration or oscillation of any kind; specif. (a) (Elec.) (1)

Defn: A trembler, as of an electric bell. (2)

Defn: A vibrating reed for transmitting or receiving pulsating currents in a harmonic telegraph system. (3)

Defn: A device for vibrating the pen of a siphon recorder to diminish frictional resistance on the paper. (4) An oscillator. (b) An ink-distributing roller in a printing machine, having an additional vibratory motion. (a) (Music) A vibrating reed, esp. in a reed organ. (d) (Weaving) Any of various vibrating devices, as one for slackening the warp as a shed opens. (e) An attachment, usually pneumatic, in a molding machine to shake the pattern loose.

VIBRATORY
Vi"bra*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vibratoire.]

Defn: Consisting in, or causing, vibration, or oscillation; vibrating; as, a vibratory motion; a vibratory power.

VIBRIO Vib"ri*o, n.; pl. E. Vibrios, L. Vibriones. Etym: [NL., fr. L. vibrare to vibrate, to move by undulations.] (Biol.)

Defn: A genus of motile bacteria characterized by short, slightly sinuous filaments and an undulatory motion; also, an individual of this genus.

VIBRISSA Vi*bris"sa, n.; pl. Vibrissæ. Etym: [L. vibrissae, pl., the hairs in the nostrils of man, fr. vibrare to vibrate; — so called because touching them tickles a person, and causes him to shake his head.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the specialized or tactile hairs which grow about the nostrils, or on other parts of the face, in many animals, as the so- called whiskers of the cat, and the hairs of the nostrils of man.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bristlelike feathers near the mouth of many birds.

VIBROGRAPH
Vi"bro*graph, n. [Vibrate + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument to observe and record vibrations.

VIBROSCOPE
Vi"bro*scope, n.

1. An instrument for observing or tracing vibrations.

2. An instrument resembling the phenakistoscope.

VIBURNUM
Vi*bur"num, n. Etym: [L., the wayfaring tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs having opposite, petiolate leaves and cymose flowers, several species of which are cultivated as ornamental, as the laurestine and the guelder-rose.

VICAR Vic"ar, n. Etym: [OE. vicar, viker, vicair, F. vicaire, fr. L. vicarius. See Vicarious.]

1. One deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a substitute in office; a deputy. [R.]

2. (Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: The incumbent of an appropriated benefice.

Note: The distinction between a parson [or rector] and vicar is this: The parson has, for the most part, the whole right to the ecclesiastical dues in his parish; but a vicar has generally an appropriator over him, entitled to the best part of the profits, to whom he is in fact perpetual curate with a standing salary. Burrill. Apostolic vicar, or Vicar apostolic. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A bishop to whom the Roman pontiff delegates a portion of his jurisdiction. (b) Any ecclesiastic acting under a papal brief, commissioned to exercise episcopal authority. (c) A titular bishop in a country where there is no episcopal see, or where the succession has been interrupted. — Vicar forane. Etym: [Cf. LL. foraneus situated outside of the episcopal city, rural. See Vicar, and Foreign.] (R. C. Ch.) A dignitary or parish priest appointed by a bishop to exercise a limited jurisdiction in a particular town or district of a diocese. Addis & Arnold. — Vicar-general. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) The deputy of the Archbishop of Canterbury or York, in whose court the bishops of the province are confirmed. Encyc. Brit. (b) (R. C. Ch.) An assistant to a bishop in the discharge of his official functions. — Vicar of Jesus Christ (R. C. Ch.), the pope as representing Christ on earth.

VICARAGE
Vic"ar*age (; 48), n.

1. The benefice of a vicar.

2. The house or residence of a vicar.

VICARIAL
Vi*ca"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vicarial.]

1. Of or pertaining to a vicar; as, vicarial tithes.

2. Delegated; vicarious; as, vicarial power.

VICARIAN
Vi*ca"ri*an, n.

Defn: A vicar. [Obs.] Marston.

VICARIATE
Vi*ca"ri*ate, a.

Defn: Having delegated power, as a vicar; vicarious. Barrow.

VICARIATE
Vi*ca"ri*ate, n. Etym: [LL. vicariatus, or F. vicariat.]

Defn: Delegated office or power; vicarship; the office or oversight
of a vicar.
The vicariate of that part of Germany which is governed by the Saxon
laws devolved on the elector of Saxony. Robertson.

VICARIOUS Vi*ca"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. vicarius, from vicis change, alternation, turn, the position, place, or office of one person as assumed by another; akin to Gr. wechsel a change, and probably also to E. weak. See Weak, and cf. Vice, prep.]

1. Of or pertaining to a vicar, substitute, or deputy; deputed; delegated; as, vicarious power or authority.

2. Acting of suffering for another; as, a vicarious agent or officer. The soul in the body is but a subordinate efficient, and vicarious . . . in the hands of the Almighty. Sir M. Hale.

3. Performed of suffered in the place of another; substituted; as, a vicarious sacrifice; vicarious punishment. The vicarious work of the Great Deliverer. I. Taylor.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Acting as a substitute; — said of abnormal action which replaces a suppressed normal function; as, vicarious hemorrhage replacing menstruation.

VICARIOUSLY
Vi*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vicarious manner.

VICARSHIP
Vic"ar*ship, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a vicar.

VICARY
Vic"ar*y, n. Etym: [L. vicarius.]

Defn: A vicar. [Obs.]

VICE
Vice, n. Etym: [F., from L. vitium.]

1. A defect; a fault; an error; a blemish; an imperfection; as, the vices of a political constitution; the vices of a horse. Withouten vice of syllable or letter. Chaucer. Mark the vice of the procedure. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A moral fault or failing; especially, immoral conduct or habit, as in the indulgence of degrading appetites; customary deviation in a single respect, or in general, from a right standard, implying a defect of natural character, or the result of training and habits; a harmful custom; immorality; depravity; wickedness; as, a life of vice; the vice of intemperance. I do confess the vices of my blood. Shak. Ungoverned appetite . . . a brutish vice. Milton. When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, The post of honor is a private station. Addison.

3. The buffoon of the old English moralities, or moral dramas, having the name sometimes of one vice, sometimes of another, or of Vice itself; — called also Iniquity.

Note: This character was grotesquely dressed in a cap with ass's ears, and was armed with a dagger of lath: one of his chief employments was to make sport with the Devil, leaping on his back, and belaboring him with the dagger of lath till he made him roar. The Devil, however, always carried him off in the end. Nares. How like you the Vice in the play . . . I would not give a rush for a Vice that has not a wooden dagger to snap at everybody. B. Jonson.

Syn.
— Crime; sin; iniquity; fault. See Crime.

VICE
Vice, n. Etym: [See Vise.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of instrument for holding work, as in filing. Same as
Vise.

2. A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for casements. [Written also vise.]

3. A gripe or grasp. [Obs.] Shak.

VICE
Vice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viced; p. pr. & vb. n. Vicing.]

Defn: To hold or squeeze with a vice, or as if with a vice. Shak.
The coachman's hand was viced between his upper and lower thigh. De
Quincey.

VICE
Vi"ce, prep. Etym: [L., abl. of vicis change, turn. See Vicarious.]

Defn: In the place of; in the stead; as, A. B. was appointed postmaster vice C. D. resigned.

VICE
Vice, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vice-. See Vice, prep.]

Defn: Denoting one who in certain cases may assume the office or duties of a superior; designating an officer or an office that is second in rank or authority; as, vice president; vice agent; vice consul, etc. Vice admiral. Etym: [Cf. F. vice-amiral.] (a) An officer holding rank next below an admiral. By the existing laws, the rank of admiral and vice admiral in the United States Navy will cease at the death of the present incumbents. (b) A civil officer, in Great Britain, appointed by the lords commissioners of the admiralty for exercising admiralty jurisdiction within their respective districts. — Vice admiralty, the office of a vice admiral. — Vice-admiralty court, a court with admiralty jurisdiction, established by authority of Parliament in British possessions beyond the seas. Abbott. — Vice chamberlain, an officer in court next in rank to the lord chamberlain. [Eng.] — Vice chancellor. (a) (Law) An officer next in rank to a chancellor. (b) An officer in a university, chosen to perform certain duties, as the conferring of degrees, in the absence of the chancellor. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The cardinal at the head of the Roman Chancery. — Vice consul Etym: [cf. F. vice-consul], a subordinate officer, authorized to exercise consular functions in some particular part of a district controlled by a consul. — Vice king, one who acts in the place of a king; a viceroy. — Vice legate Etym: [cf. F. vice-légat], a legate second in rank to, or acting in place of, another legate. — Vice presidency, the office of vice president. — Vice president Etym: [cf. F. vice-président], an officer next in rank below a president.

VICED
Viced, a.

Defn: Vicious; corrupt. [Obs.] Shak.

VICEGERENCY
Vice*ge"ren*cy, n.

Defn: The office of a vicegerent. South.

VICEGERENT
Vice*ge"rent, a. Etym: [Vice, a + gerent: cf. F. vicegérant.]

Defn: Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another. Milton.

VICEGERENT
Vice*ge"rent, a. Etym: [Vice, a. + gerent: cf. F. vicegérant.]

Defn: Having or exercising delegated power; acting by substitution, or in the place of another. Milton.

VICEGERENT
Vice*ge"rent, n.

Defn: An officer who is deputed by a superior, or by proper
authority, to exercise the powers of another; a lieutenant; a vicar.
Bacon.
The symbol and vicegerent of the Deity. C. A. Young.

VICEMAN
Vice"man, n.; pl. Vicemen (.

Defn: A smith who works at the vice instead of at the anvil.

VICENARY Vic"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. vicenarius, fr. viceni twenty each; akin to viginti twenty.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to twenty; consisting of twenty.

VICENNIAL Vi*cen"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. vicennium a period of twenty years; viceni twenty + annus year.]

1. Lasting or comprising twenty years.

2. Happening once in twenty years; as, a vicennial celebration.

VICE-REGAL
Vice`-re"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a viceroy or viceroyalty. Macaulay.

VICEROY Vice"roy, n. Etym: [F. vice-roi; pref. vice- in the place of (L. vice) + roi a king, L. rex. See Vice, prep. and Royal.]

1. The governor of a country or province who rules in the name of the sovereign with regal authority, as the king's substitute; as, the viceroy of India.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and handsome American butterfly (Basilarchia, or
Limenitis, archippus). Its wings are orange-red, with black lines
along the nervures and a row of white spots along the outer margins.
The larvæ feed on willow, poplar, and apple trees.

VICEROYALTY
Vice*roy"al*ty, n.

Defn: The dignity, office, or jurisdiction of a viceroy.

VICEROYSHIP
Vice"roy*ship, n.

Defn: Viceroyalty.

VICETY
Vi"ce*ty, n. Etym: [From Vice a fault.]

Defn: Fault; defect; coarseness. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

VICHY WATER
Vi"chy wa`ter.

Defn: A mineral water found at Vichy, France. It is essentially an effervescent solution of sodium, calcium, and magnetism carbonates, with sodium and potassium chlorides; also, by extension, any artificial or natural water resembling in composition the Vichy water proper. Called also, colloquially, Vichy.

VICIATE
Vi"ci*ate, v. t.

Defn: See Vitiate. [R.]

VICINAGE
Vi"ci*nage (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. veisinage, F. voisinage, from OF.
veisin, F. voisin, neighboring, a neighbor, L. vicunus. See
Vicinity.]

Defn: The place or places adjoining or near; neighborhood; vicinity; as, a jury must be of the vicinage. "To summon the Protestant gentleman of the vicinage." Macaulay. Civil war had broken up all the usual ties of vicinage and good neighborhood. Sir W. Scott.

VICINAL
Vic"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. vicinalis: cf. F. vicinal.]

Defn: Near; vicine. T. Warton. Vicinal planes (Min.), subordinate planes on a crystal, which are very near to the fundamental planes in angles, and sometimes take their place. They have in general very complex symbols.

VICINE
Vic"ine, a. Etym: [L. vicinus: cf. F. voisin.]

Defn: Near; neighboring; vicinal. [R.] Glanvill.

VICINE
Vic"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid ex tracted from the seeds of the vetch (Vicia sativa) as a white crystalline substance.

VICINITY Vi*cin"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vicinitas, from vicinus neighboring, near, from vicus a row of houses, a village; akin to Gr. v a house, vi to enter, Goth. weihs town: cf. OF. vicinité. Cf. Diocese, Economy, Parish, Vicinage, Wick a village.]

1. The quality or state of being near, or not remote; nearness; propinquity; proximity; as, the value of the estate was increased by the vicinity of two country seats. A vicinity of disposition and relative tempers. Jer. Taylor.

2. That which is near, or not remote; that which is adjacent to anything; adjoining space or country; neighborhood. "The vicinity of the sun." Bentley.

Syn.
— Neighborhood; vicinage. See Neighborhood.

VICIOSITY
Vi`ci*os"i*ty, n.

Defn: Vitiosity. [R.]

VICIOUS Vi"cious, a. Etym: [OF. vicious, F. vicieux, fr. L. vitiosus, fr. vitium vice. See Vice a fault.]

1. Characterized by vice or defects; defective; faulty; imperfect.
Though I perchance am vicious in my guess. Shak.
The title of these lords was vicious in its origin. Burke.
A charge against Bentley of vicious reasoning. De Quincey.

2. Addicted to vice; corrupt in principles or conduct; depraved; wicked; as, vicious children; vicious examples; vicious conduct. Who . . . heard this heavy curse, Servant of servants, on his vicious race. Milton.

3. Wanting purity; foul; bad; noxious; as, vicious air, water, etc. Dryden.

4. Not correct or pure; corrupt; as, vicious language; vicious idioms.

5. Not well tamed or broken; given to bad tricks; unruly; refractory; as, a vicious horse.

6. Bitter; spiteful; malignant. [Colloq.]

Syn.
— Corrupt; faulty; wicked; depraved.
— Vi"cious*ly, adv.
— Vi"cious*ness, n.

VICISSITUDE
Vi*cis"si*tude, n. Etym: [L. vicissitudo, fr. vicis change, turn: cf.
F. vicissitude. See Vicarious.]

1. Regular change or succession from one thing to another; alternation; mutual succession; interchange. God made two great lights . . . To illuminate the earth and rule the day In their vicissitude, and rule the night. Milton.

2. Irregular change; revolution; mutation. This man had, after many vicissitudes of fortune, sunk at last into abject and hopeless poverty. Macaulay.

VICISSITUDINARY
Vi*cis`si*tu"di*na*ry, a.

Defn: Subject to vicissitudes. Donne.

VICISSITUDINOUS
Vi*cis`si*tu"di*nous, a.

Defn: Full of, or subject to, changes.

VICISSY DUCK
Vi*cis"sy duck`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian duck, sometimes domesticated.

VICKERS' GUN
Vick"ers' gun. (Ordnance)

Defn: One of a system of guns manufactured by the firm of Vickers'
Sons, at Sheffield, Eng. now included in Vickers-Maxim guns.

VICKERS-MAXIM AUTOMATIC MACHINE GUN
Vick"ers-Max"im automatic machine gun.

Defn: An automatic machine gun in which the mechanism is worked by the recoil, assisted by the pressure of gases from the muzzle, which expand in a gas chamber against a disk attached to the end of the barrel, thus moving the latter to the rear with increased recoil, and against the front wall of the gas chamber, checking the recoil of the system.

VICKERS-MAXIM GUN
Vickers-Maxim gun. (Ordnance)

Defn: One of a system of ordnance, including machine, quick-fire, coast, and field guns, of all calibers, manufactured by the combined firms of Vickers' Sons of Sheffield and Maxim of Birmingham and elsewhere, England.

VICONTIEL
Vi*con"ti*el, a. Etym: [From OE. vicounte a viscount. See Viscount.]
(O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the viscount or sheriff of a country.
Vicontiel rents. See Vicontiels.
— Vicontiel writs, such writs as were triable in the sheriff, or
county, court.

VICONTIELS
Vi*con"ti*els, n. pl. Etym: [See Vicontiel.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Things belonging to the sheriff; especially, farms (called also vicontiel rents) for which the sheriff used to pay rent to the king.

VICOUNT
Vi"count, n.

Defn: See Viscount.

VICTIM
Vic"tim, n. Etym: [L. victima: cf. F. victime.]

1. A living being sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a religious rite; a creature immolated, or made an offering of. Led like a victim, to my death I'll go. Dryden.

2. A person or thing destroyed or sacrificed in the pursuit of an object, or in gratification of a passion; as, a victim to jealousy, lust, or ambition.

3. A person or living creature destroyed by, or suffering grievous injury from, another, from fortune or from accident; as, the victim of a defaulter; the victim of a railroad accident.

4. Hence, one who is duped, or cheated; a dupe; a gull. [Colloq.]

VICTIMATE Vic"tim*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. victimatus, p. p. of victimare to sacrifice.]

Defn: To make a victim of; to sacrifice; to immolate. [Obs.]
Bullokar.

VICTIMIZE
Vic"tim*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Victimized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Victimizing.]

Defn: To make a victim of, esp. by deception; to dupe; to cheat.

VICTOR Vic"tor, n. Etym: [L. victor, fr. vincere, victum, to vanquish, to conquer. See Vanquish.]

1. The winner in a contest; one who gets the better of another in any struggle; esp., one who defeats an enemy in battle; a vanquisher; a conqueror; — often followed by art, rarely by of. In love, the victors from the vanquished fly; They fly that wound, and they pursue that die. Waller.

2. A destroyer. [R. & Poetic] There, victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this lord of useless thousands ends. Pope.

VICTOR
Vic"tor, a.

Defn: Victorious. "The victor Greeks." Pope.

VICTORESS
Vic"tor*ess, n.

Defn: A victress. [Obs.] Spenser.

VICTORIA
Vic*to"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aquatic plants named in honor of Queen Victoria. The Victoria regia is a native of Guiana and Brazil. Its large, spreading leaves are often over five feet in diameter, and have a rim from three to five inches high; its immense rose-white flowers sometimes attain a diameter of nearly two feet.

2. A kind of low four-wheeled pleasure carriage, with a calash top, designed for two persons and the driver who occupies a high seat in front.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: An asteroid discovered by Hind in 1850; — called also Clio. Victoria cross, a bronze Maltese cross, awarded for valor to members of the British army or navy. It was first bestowed in 1857, at the close of the Crimean war. The recipients also have a pension of £10 a year. — Victoria green. (Chem.) See Emerald green, under Green. — Victoria lily (Bot.), the Victoria regia. See def. 1, above.

VICTORIA CRAPE
Victoria crape.

Defn: A kind of cotton crape.

VICTORIAN
Vic*to"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the reign of Queen Victoria of England; as, the Victorian poets. Victorian period. See Dionysian period, under Dyonysian.

VICTORINE
Vic`tor*ine", n.

Defn: A woman's fur tippet.

VICTORIOUS
Vic*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. victoriosus: cf. F. victorieux. See
Victory.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to victory, or a victor' being a victor; bringing or causing a victory; conquering; winning; triumphant; as, a victorious general; victorious troops; a victorious day. But I shall rise victorious, and subdue My vanquisher. Milton. Now are our brows bound wind victorious wreaths. Shak. — Vic*to"ri*ous*ly, adv. — Vic*to"ri*ous*ness, n.

VICTORIUM
Vic*to"ri*um, n. [NL. So named after Victoria, queen of Great
Britain.] (Chem.)

Defn: A probable chemical element discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1898. Its nitrate is obtained byy practical decomposition and crystallization of yttrium nitrate. At. wt., about 117.

VICTORY Vic"to*ry, n.; pl. Victories. Etym: [OE. victorie, OF. victorie, victoire, F. victoire, L. victoria. See Victor.]

Defn: The defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in any contest; a gaining of the superiority in any struggle or competition; conquest; triumph; — the opposite of Ant: defeat. Death is swallowed up in victory. 1 Cor. xv. 54. God on our side, doubt not of victory. Shak. Victory may be honorable to the arms, but shameful to the counsels, of a nation. Bolingbroke.

VICTRESS
Vic"tress, n. Etym: [Cf. L. victrix.]

Defn: A woman who wins a victory; a female victor.

VICTRICE
Vic"trice, n.

Defn: A victress. [R.] B. Jonson.

VICTRIX
Vic"trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Victress. C. Bronté.

VICTUAL
Vict"ual, n.

1. Food; — now used chiefly in the plural. See Victuals. 2 Chron.
xi. 23. Shak.
He was not able to keep that place three days for lack of victual.
Knolles.
There came a fair-hair'd youth, that in his hand Bare victual for the
movers. Tennyson.
Short allowance of victual. Longfellow.

2. Grain of any kind. [Scot.] Jamieson.

VICTUAL Vict"ual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Victualed or Victualled; p. pr. & vb. n. Victualing or Victualling.]

Defn: To supply with provisions for subsistence; to provide with
food; to store with sustenance; as, to victual an army; to victual a
ship.
I must go victual Orleans forthwith. Shak.

VICTUALAGE
Vict"ual*age (; 48), n.

Defn: Victuals; food. [R.] "With my cargo of victualage." C. Bronté.

VICTUALER
Vict"ual*er, n. Etym: [F. victuailleur.] [Written also victualler.]

1. One who furnishes victuals.

2. One who keeps a house of entertainment; a tavern keeper; an innkeeper. Shak.

3. A vessel employed to carry provisions, usually for military or naval use; a provision use; a provision ship.

4. One who deals in grain; a corn factor. [Scot.] Licensed victualer. See under Licensed.

VICTUALING
Vict"ual*ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to victuals, or provisions; supplying provisions; as, a victualing ship.

VICTUALS Vict"uals, n. pl. Etym: [OE. vitaille, OF. vitaille, F. victuaille, pl. victuailles, fr. L. victualia, pl. of. victualis belonging to living or nourishment, fr. victus nourishment, from vivere, victum, to live; akin to vivus living. See Vivid.]

Defn: Food for human beings, esp. when it is cooked or prepared for
the table; that which supports human life; provisions; sustenance;
meat; viands.
Then had we plenty of victuals. Jer. xliv. 17.

VICTUS
Vic"tus, n. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Food; diet.

VICUNA; VICUNYA; VICUGNA
Vi*cu"ña, Vi*cu"gna, n. Etym: [Sp. vicuña. Cf. Vigonia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American mammal (Auchenia vicunna) native of the elevated plains of the Andes, allied to the llama but smaller. It has a thick coat of very fine reddish brown wool, and long, pendent white hair on the breast and belly. It is hunted for its wool and flesh.

VIDA FINCH
Vid"a finch`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whidah bird.

VIDAME Vi*dame", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. vice-dominus, fr. L. vice instead of + dominus master, lord.] (Fr. Feud. Law)

Defn: One of a class of temporal officers who originally represented the bishops, but later erected their offices into fiefs, and became feudal nobles.

VIDE
Vi"de,

Defn: imperative sing. of L. videre, to see; — used to direct attention to something; as, vide supra, see above.

VIDELICET Vi*del"i*cet, adv. Etym: [L., contr. fr. videre licet, literally, it is easy to see, one may or can see.]

Defn: To wit; namely; — often abbreviated to viz.

VIDETTE
Vi*dette", n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same Vedette.

VIDONIA Vi*do"ni*a, n. Etym: [Cf. Pg. vidonho the quality of grapes, Sp. veduño.]

Defn: A dry white wine, of a tart flavor, produced in Teneriffe; — called also Teneriffe.

VIDUAGE
Vid"u*age, n. Etym: [See Vidual.]

Defn: The state of widows or of widowhood; also, widows, collectively.

VIDUAL Vid"u*al, a. Etym: [L. vidualis, fr. vidua a widow, fr. viduus widowed. See Widow.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the state of a widow; widowed. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.

VIDUATION
Vid`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: The state of being widowed or bereaved; loss; bereavement. [R.]

VIDUITY
Vi*du"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. viduitas: cf. F. viduité.]

Defn: Widowhood. [R.] "Chaste viduity." Ld. Ellenborough.

VIE Vie, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Vied; p. pr. & vb. n. Vying.] Etym: [OE. vien, shortened fr. envien, OF. envier to invite, to challenge, a word used in gambling, L. invitare to invite; of uncertain origin. Cf. Invite, Envie.]

1. To stake a sum upon a hand of cards, as in the old game of gleek. See Revie. [Obs.]

2. To strive for superiority; to contend; to use emulous effort, as in a race, contest, or competition. In a trading nation, the younger sons may be placed in such a way of life as . . . to vie with the best of their family. Addison. While Waterloo with Cannæ's carnage vies. Byron.

VIE
Vie, v. t.

1. To stake; to wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. To do or produce in emulation, competition, or rivalry; to put in competition; to bandy. [Obs.] She hung about my neck; and kiss on kiss She vied so fast. Shak. Nor was he set over us to vie wisdom with his Parliament, but to be guided by them. Milton. And vying malice with my gentleness, Pick quarrels with their only happiness. Herbert.

VIE
Vie, n.

Defn: A contest for superiority; competition; rivalry; strife; also,
a challenge; a wager. [Obs.]
We 'll all to church together instantly, And then a vie for boys. J.
Fletcher.

VIELLE
Vi*elle", n. Etym: [F. Cf. Viol.]

Defn: An old stringed instrument played upon with a wheel; a hurdy- gurdy.

VIENNA PASTE
Vi*en"na paste`. (Pharm.)

Defn: A caustic application made up of equal parts of caustic potash and quicklime; — called also Vienna caustic.

VIENNESE
Vi`en*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Vienna, or people of Vienna.
— n. sing. & pl.

Defn: An inhabitant, or the inhabitants, of Vienna.

VIERKLEUR
Vier"kleur`, n. [D., fr. vier four + kleur color, F. couleur.]

Defn: The four-colored flag of the South African Republic, or
Transvaal, — red, white, blue, and green.

VIEW
View, n. Etym: [OF. veue, F. vue, fr. OF. veoir to see, p. p. veu, F.
voir, p. p. vu, fr. L. videre to see. See Vision, and cl. Interview,
Purview, Review, Vista.]

1. The act of seeing or beholding; sight; look; survey; examination
by the eye; inspection.
Thenceforth I thought thee worth my nearer view. Milton.
Objects near our view are thought greater than those of a larger size
are more remote. Locke.
Surveying nature with too nice a view. Dryden.

2. Mental survey; intellectual perception or examination; as, a just view of the arguments or facts in a case. I have with exact view perused thee, Hector. Shak.

3. Power of seeing, either physically or mentally; reach or range of sight; extent of prospect. The walls of Pluto's palace are in view. Dryden.

4. That which is seen or beheld; sight presented to the natural or intellectual eye; scene; prospect; as, the view from a window. 'T is distance lends enchantment to the view. Campbell.

5. The pictorial representation of a scene; a sketch, as, a fine view of Lake George.

6. Mode of looking at anything; manner of apprehension; conception; opinion; judgment; as, to state one's views of the policy which ought to be pursued. To give a right view of this mistaken part of liberty. Locke.

7. That which is looked towards, or kept in sight, as object, aim, intention, purpose, design; as, he did it with a view of escaping. No man sets himself about anything but upon some view or other which serves him for a reason. Locke.

8. Appearance; show; aspect. [Obs.] [Graces] which, by the splendor of her view Dazzled, before we never knew. Waller. Field of view. See under Field. — Point of view. See under Point. — To have in view, to have in mind as an incident, object, or aim; as, to have one's resignation in view. — View halloo, the shout uttered by a hunter upon seeing the fox break cover. — View of frankpledge (Law), a court of record, held in a hundred, lordship, or manor, before the steward of the leet. Blackstone. — View of premises (Law), the inspection by the jury of the place where a litigated transaction is said to have occurred.

VIEW
View, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Viewing.]

1. To see; to behold; especially, to look at with attention, or for the purpose of examining; to examine with the eye; to inspect; to explore. O, let me view his visage, being dead. Shak. Nearer to view his prey, and, unespied, To mark what of their state he more might learn. Milton.

2. To survey or examine mentally; to consider; as, to view the subject in all its aspects. The happiest youth, viewing his progress through. Shak.

VIEWER
View"er, n.

1. One who views or examines.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person appointed to inspect highways, fences, or the like, and to report upon the same.

3. The superintendent of a coal mine. [Eng.]

VIEWINESS
View"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being viewy, or of having unpractical views.

VIEWLESS
View"less, a.

Defn: Not perceivable by the eye; invisible; unseen. "Viewless
winds." Shak.
Swift through the valves the visionary fair Repassed, and viewless
mixed with common air. Pope.

VIEWLY; VIEWSOME
View"ly, View"some, a.

Defn: Pleasing to the sight; sightly. [Prov. Eng.]

VIEWY
View"y, a.

1. Having peculiar views; fanciful; visionary; unpractical; as, a viewy person.

2. Spectacular; pleasing to the eye or the imagination. A government intent on showy absurdities and viewy enterprises rather than solid work. London Spectator.

VIFDA
Vif"da, n.

Defn: In the Orkney and Shetland Islands, beef and mutton hung and dried, but not salted. [Scot.] [Written also vivda.] Jamieson.

VIGESIMAL
Vi*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [L. vigesimus twentieth, from viginti twenty.]

Defn: Twentieth; divided into, or consisting of, twenties or twenty parts. Tylor.

VIGESIMATION
Vi*ges`i*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act of putting to death every twentieth man. [R.]

VIGESIMO-QUARTO
Vi*ges"i*mo-quar"to, a. Etym: [L. vigesimus quartus twenty-fourth.
Cf. Duodecimo.]

Defn: Having twenty-four leaves to a sheet; as, a vigesimo-quarto form, book, leaf, size, etc.

VIGESIMO-QUARTO
Vi*ges"i*mo-quar"to, n.; pl. -tos (.

Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into twenty- four leaves; hence, indicating more or less definitely a size of book so made; — usually written 24mo, or 24º.

VIGIL
Vig"il, n. Etym: [OE. vigile, L. vigilia, from vigil awake, watchful,
probably akin to E. wake: cf. F. vigile. See Wake, v. i., and cf.
Reveille, Surveillance, Vedette, Vegetable, Vigor.]

1. Abstinence from sleep, whether at a time when sleep is customary or not; the act of keeping awake, or the state of being awake, or the state of being awake; sleeplessness; wakefulness; watch. "Worn out by the labors and vigils of many months." Macaulay. Nothing wears out a fine face like the vigils of the card table and those cutting passions which attend them. Addison.

2. Hence, devotional watching; waking for prayer, or other religious
exercises.
So they in heaven their odes and vigils tuned. Milton.
Be sober and keep vigil, The Judge is at the gate. Neale (Rhythm of
St. Bernard).

3. (Eccl.) (a) Originally, the watch kept on the night before a feast. (b) Later, the day and the night preceding a feast. He that shall live this day, and see old age, Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors, And say, "To-morrow is St. Crispian." Shak.

(c) A religious service performed in the evening preceding a feast. Vigils, or Watchings, of flowers (Bot.), a peculiar faculty belonging to the flowers of certain plants of opening and closing their petals as certain hours of the day. [R.]

VIGILANCE
Vig"i*lance, n. Etym: [L. vigilantia: cf. F. vigilance.]

1. The quality or state of being vigilant; forbearance of sleep; wakefulness.

2. Watchfulness in respect of danger; care; caution; circumspection. Cowper. And flaming ministers to watch and tend Their earthly charge; of these the vigilance I dread. Milton.

3. Guard; watch. [Obs.] "In at this gate none pass the vigilance here placed." Milton. Vigilance committee, a volunteer committee of citizens for the oversight and protection of any interest, esp. one organized for the summary suppression and punishment of crime, as when the processes of law appear inadequate.

VIGILANCY
Vig"i*lan*cy, n.

Defn: Vigilance. [Obs.] Fuller.

VIGILANT Vig"i*lant, a. Etym: [L. vigilans, -antis, p. pr. of vigilare to watch, fr. vigil awake: cf. F. vigilant. See Vigil.]

Defn: Attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to provide for
safety; wakeful; watchful; circumspect; wary. "Be sober, be
vigilant." 1 Pet. v. 8.
Sirs, take your places, and be vigilant. Shak.

VIGILANTLY
Vig"i*lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vigilant manner.

VIGILY
Vig"i*ly, n. Etym: [L. vigilia.]

Defn: A vigil. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VIGINTIVIRATE Vi`gin*tiv"i*rate, n. Etym: [L. vigintiviratus, fr. vigintiviri; viginti twenty + vir a man.]

Defn: The office of the vigintiviri, a body of officers of government consisting of twenty men; also, the vigintiviri. [R.]

VIGNETTE Vi*gnette", n. Etym: [F. vignette, fr. vigne a vine. See Vine, and cf. Vinette.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in
Gothic architecture.

2. A decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position; hence, by extension, any small picture in a book; hence, also, as such pictures are often without a definite bounding line, any picture, as an engraving, a photograph, or the like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.

VIGNETTE
Vi*gnette", v. t.

Defn: To make, as an engraving or a photograph, with a border or edge insensibly fading away.

VIGNETTER
Vi*gnett"er, n.

1. A device used by photographers in printing vignettes, consisting of a screen of paper or glass with a central aperture the edges of which become opaque by intensible gradations.

2. A maker of vignettes.

VIGONIA
Vi*go"ni*a, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vigogne vicuña. See Vicuña.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the vicuña; characterizing the vicuña; — said of the wool of that animal, used in felting hats, and for other purposes. Prescott.

VIGOR
Vig"or, n. Etym: [OE. vigour, vigor, OF. vigor, vigur, vigour, F.
vigueur, fr. L. vigor, fr. vigere to be lively or strong. See
Vegetable, Vigil.]

1. Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy. The vigor of this arm was never vain. Dryden.

2. Strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor.

3. Strength; efficacy; potency. But in the fruithful earth . . . His beams, unactive else, their vigor find. Milton.

Note: Vigor and its derivatives commonly imply active strength, or the power of action and exertion, in distinction from passive strength, or strength to endure.

VIGOR
Vig"or, v. t.

Defn: To invigorate. [Obs.] Feltham.

VIGORITE
Vig"or*ite, n. Etym: [L. vigor strength.]

Defn: An explosive containing nitroglycerin. It is used in blasting.

VIGOROSO
Vig`o*ro"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Vigorous; energetic; with energy; — a direction to perform a passage with energy and force.

VIGOROUS
Vig"or*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. vigoros, F. vigoureux, LL. vigorosus.]

1. Possessing vigor; full of physical or mental strength or active force; strong; lusty; robust; as, a vigorous youth; a vigorous plant. Famed for his valor, young, At sea successful, vigorous and strong. Waller.

2. Exhibiting strength, either of body or mind; powerful; strong; forcible; energetic; as, vigorous exertions; a vigorous prosecution of a war. The beginnings of confederacies have been always vigorous and successful. Davenant. — Vig"or*ous*ly, adv. — Vig"or*ous*ness, n.

VIKING
Vi"king, n. Etym: [Icel. vikingr, fr. vik a bay, inlet.]

Defn: One belonging to the pirate crews from among the Northmen, who
plundered the coasts of Europe in the eighth, ninth, and tenth
centuries.
Of grim Vikings, and the rapture Of the sea fight, and the capture,
And the life of slavery. Longfellow.

Note: Vikings differs in meaning from sea king, with which frequently confounded. "The sea king was a man connected with a royal race, either of the small kings of the country, or of the Haarfager family, and who, by right, received the title of king as soon he took the command of men, although only of a single ship's crew, and without having any land or kingdom . . . Vikings were merely pirates, alternately peasants and pirates, deriving the name of viking from the vicks, wicks, or inlets, on the coast in which they harbored with their long ships or rowing galleys." Laing.

VILANY
Vil"a*ny, n.

Defn: Villainy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VILAYET
Vi`la*yet", n. Etym: [Turk., from Ar. wilayah.]

Defn: One of the chief administrative divisions or provinces of the
Ottoman Empire; — formerly called eyalet.

VILD
Vild, a. Etym: [As if the p. p. of a verb to vile. See Vile, a.]

Defn: Vile. [Obs.] "That vild race." Spenser.
— Vild"ly, adv. [Obs.] Spenser.

VILE
Vile, a. [Comp. Viler; superl. Vilest.] Etym: [OE. vil, F. vil, from
L. vilis cheap, worthless, vile, base.]

1. Low; base; worthless; mean; despicable. A poor man in vile raiment. James ii. 2. The craft either of fishing, which was Peter's, or of making tents, which was Paul's, were [was] more vile than the science of physic. Ridley. The inhabitants account gold but as a vile thing. Abp. Abbot.

2. Morally base or impure; depraved by sin; hateful; in the sight of God and men; sinful; wicked; bad. "Such vile base practices." Shak. Behold, I am vile; what shall I answer thee Job xl. 4.

Syn.
— See Base.
— Vile"ly, adv.
— Vile"ness, n.

VILED
Viled, a. Etym: [See Vild.]

Defn: Abusive; scurrilous; defamatory; vile. [Obs.] "Viled speeches."
Hayward.

VILEYNS
Vil"eyns, a. Etym: [See Villain.]

Defn: Villainous. [Obs.] "Vileyns sinful deeds make a churl."
Chaucer.

VILIFICATION
Vil`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of vilifying or defaming; abuse. South.

VILIFIER
Vil"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who vilifies or defames.

VILIFY
Vil"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vilified; p. pr. & vb. n. Vilifying.]
Etym: [L. vilis vile + -fly; cf. L. vilificare to esteem of little
value.]

1. To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to disgrace. [R.] When themselves they vilified To serve ungoverned appetite. Milton.

2. To degrade or debase by report; to defame; to traduce; to calumniate. I. Taylor. Many passions dispose us to depress and vilify the merit of one rising in the esteem of mankind. Addison.

3. To treat as vile; to despise. [Obs.] I do vilify your censure. Beau. & Fl.

VILIPEND Vil"i*pend, v. t. Etym: [L. vilipendere; vilis vile + pendere to weigh, to value: cf. F. vilipender.]

Defn: To value lightly; to depreciate; to slight; to despise.
To vilipend the art of portrait painting. Longfellow.

VILIPENDENCY
Vil"i*pend"en*cy, n.

Defn: Disesteem; slight; disparagement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

VILITY
Vil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vilitas: cf. F. vileté, vilité, OF. vilté.]

Defn: Vileness; baseness. [Obs.] Kennet.

VILL
Vill, n. Etym: [OF. ville, vile, a village, F. ville a town, city.
See Villa.]

Defn: A small collection of houses; a village. "Every manor, town, or
vill." Sir M. Hale.
Not should e'er the crested fowl From thorp or vill his matins sound
for me. Wordsworth.

Note: A word of various significations in English, law; as, a manor; a tithing; a town; a township; a parish; a part of a parish; a village. The original meaning of vill, in England, seems to have been derived from the Roman sense of the term villa, a single country residence or farm; a manor. Later, the term was applied only to a collection of houses more than two, and hence came to comprehend towns. Burrill. The statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I., mentions entire- vills, demivills, and hamlets.

VILLA
Vil"la, n.; pl. Villas. Etym: [L. villa, LL. also village, dim. of L.
vicus a village: cf. It. & F. villa. See Vicinity, and cf. Vill,
Village, Villain.]

Defn: A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some pretensions to elegance. Dryden. Cowper.

VILLAGE Vil"lage (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. villaticus belonging to a country house or villa. See Villa, and cf. Villatic.]

Defn: A small assemblage of houses in the country, less than a town or city. Village cart, a kind of two-wheeled pleasure carriage without a top.

Syn. — Village, Hamlet, Town, City. In England, a hamlet denotes a collection of houses, too small to have a parish church. A village has a church, but no market. A town has both a market and a church or churches. A city is, in the legal sense, an incorporated borough town, which is, or has been, the place of a bishop's see. In the United States these distinctions do not hold.

VILLAGER
Vil"la*ger, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of a village.
Brutus had rather be a villager Than to repute himself a son of Rome
Under these hard condition. Shak.

VILLAGERY
Vil"lage*ry, n.

Defn: Villages; a district of villages. [Obs.] "The maidens of the villagery." Shak.

VILLAIN Vil"lain, n. Etym: [OE. vilein, F. vilain, LL. villanus, from villa a village, L. villa a farm. See Villa.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant. [In this sense written also villan, and villein.] If any of my ansectors was a tenant, and a servant, and held his lands as a villain to his lord, his posterity also must do so, though accidentally they become noble. Jer. Taylor.

Note: Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is, annexed to the manor (LL. adscripti glebæ); and villains in gross, that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from one to another. Blackstone.

2. A baseborn or clownish person; a boor. [R.] Pour the blood of the villain in one basin, and the blood of the gentleman in another, what difference shall there be proved Becon.

3. A vile, wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes; a deliberate scoundrel; a knave; a rascal; a scamp. Like a villain with a smiling cheek. Shak. Calm, thinking villains, whom no faith could fix. Pope.

VILLAIN
Vil"lain, a. Etym: [F. vilain.]

Defn: Villainous. [R.] Shak.

VILLAIN
Vil"lain, v. t.

Defn: To debase; to degrade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

VILLAINOUS
Vil"lain*ous, a. Etym: [Written also villanous.]

1. Base; vile; mean; depraved; as, a villainous person or wretch.

2. Proceeding from, or showing, extreme depravity; suited to a villain; as, a villainous action.

3. Sorry; mean; mischievous; — in a familiar sense. "A villainous trick of thine eye." Shak. Villainous judgment (O. E. Law), a judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person. —- Vil"lain*ous*ly, adv. Vil"lain*ous*ness, n.

VILLAINY Vil"lain*y, n.; pl. Villainies. Etym: [OE. vilanie, OF. vilanie, vilainie, vileinie, vilanie, LL. villania. See Villain, n.] [Written also villany.]

1. The quality or state of being a villain, or villainous; extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; as, the villainy of the seducer. "Lucre of vilanye." Chaucer. The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy. Shak.

2. Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk. [Archaic] He never yet not vileinye ne said In all his life, unto no manner wight. Chaucer. In our modern language, it [foul language] is termed villainy, as being proper for rustic boors, or men of coarsest education and employment. Barrow. Villainy till a very late day expressed words foul and disgraceful to the utterer much oftener than deeds. Trench.

3. The act of a villain; a deed of deep depravity; a crime.
Such villainies roused Horace into wrath. Dryden.
That execrable sum of all villainies commonly called a slave trade.
John Wesley.

VILLAKIN
Vil"la*kin, n.

Defn: A little villa. [R.] Gay.

VILLAN
Vil"lan, n.

Defn: A villain. [R.]

VILLANAGE
Vil"lan*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. villenage, vilenage. See Villain.]

1. (Feudal Law)

Defn: The state of a villain, or serf; base servitude; tenure on condition of doing the meanest services for the lord. [In this sense written also villenage, and villeinage.] I speak even now as if sin were condemned in a perpetual villanage, never to be manumitted. Milton. Some faint traces of villanage were detected by the curious so late as the days of the Stuarts. Macaulay.

2. Baseness; infamy; villainy. [Obs.] Dryden.

VILLANEL
Vil`la*nel", n. Etym: [See Villanelle.]

Defn: A ballad. [Obs.] Cotton.

VILLANELLA Vil`la*nel"la, n.; pl. Villanelle. Etym: [It., a pretty country girl.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old rustic dance, accompanied with singing.

VILLANELLE
Vil`la*nelle", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A poem written in tercets with but two rhymes, the first and third verse of the first stanza alternating as the third verse in each successive stanza and forming a couplet at the close. E. W. Gosse.

VILLANETTE
Vil`la*nette", n. Etym: [Dim. of villa; formed on the analogy of the
French.]

Defn: A small villa. [R.]

VILLANIZE
Vil"lan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Villanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Villanizing.]

Defn: To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to revile. [R.] Were virtue by descent, a noble name Could never villanize his father's fame. Dryden.

VILLANIZER
Vil"lan*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who villanizes. [R.]

VILLANOUS; VILLANOUSLY; VILLANOUSNESS
Vil"lan*ous, a. Vil"lan*ous*ly, adv., Vil"lan*ous*ness, n.,

Defn: See Villainous, etc.

VILLANY
Vil"lan*y, n.

Defn: See Villainy.

VILLATIC
Vil*lat"ic, a. Etym: [L. villaticus belonging to a country house. See
Village.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a farm or a village; rural. "Tame villatic fowl." Milton.

VILLEIN
Vil"lein, n. (Feudal Law)

Defn: See Villain, 1.

VILLENAGE
Vil"len*age, n. Etym: [See Villanage.] (Feudal Law)

Defn: Villanage. Blackstone.

VILLENOUS
Vil"len*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a villein.

VILLI
Vil"li, n.

Defn: , pl. of Villus.

VILLIFORM
Vil"li*form, a. Etym: [Villus + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or appearance of villi; like close-set fibers, either hard or soft; as, the teeth of perch are villiform.

VILLOSE
Vil*lose", a. (Bot.)

Defn: See Villous.

VILLOSITY
Vil*los"i*ty, n.

1. State of being villous.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A coating of long, slender hairs.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A villus.

VILLOUS
Vil"lous, a. Etym: [L. villosus: cf. F. villeux. Cf. Velvet.]

1. Abounding in, or covered with, fine hairs, or a woolly substance; shaggy with soft hairs; nappy.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished or clothed with villi.

VILLUS
Vil"lus, n.; pl. Villi. Etym: [L., shaggy hair, a tuft of hair.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface.

2. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: Fine hairs on plants, resembling the pile of velvet.

VIM
Vim, n. Etym: [L., accusative of vis strength.]

Defn: Power; force; energy; spirit; activity; vigor. [Colloq.]

VIMEN
Vi"men, n. Etym: [L., a twig.] (Bot.)

Defn: A long, slender, flexible shoot or branch.

VIMINAL Vim"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. viminalis pertaining to osiers, fr. vimen a pliant twig, osier.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to twigs; consisting of twigs; producing twigs.

VIMINEOUS
Vi*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. vimineus, fr. vimen pliant twig.]

1. Of or pertaining to twigs; made of pliant twigs. "In the hive's vimineous dome." Prior.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing long, slender twigs or shoots.

VINACEOUS
Vi*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. vinaceus. See Vine.]

1. Belonging to, or like, wine or grapes.

2. Of the color of wine, especially of red wine.

VINAIGRETTE
Vin`ai*grette", n. Etym: [F., fr. vinaigre vinegar.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, — used esp. for cold meats.

2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; — called also vinegarette.

3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a boy or man. [R.]

VINAIGROUS
Vin"ai*grous, a. Etym: [F. vinaigre vinegar.]

1. Resembling vinegar; sour.

2. Fig.: Unamiable; morose. Carlyle.

VINASSE
Vi*nasse", n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar, — used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.

VINATICO
Vi*nat"i*co, n. Etym: [Pg. vinhatico.]

Defn: Madeira mahogany; the coarse, dark-colored wood of the Persea
Indica.

VINCENTIAN
Vin*cen"tian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Saint Vincent de Paul, or founded by him.
[R.]

VINCENTIAN Vin*cen"tian, n. (R. C. Ch.) (a) Same as Lazarist. (b) A member of certain charitable sisterhoods.

VINCETOXIN
Vin`ce*tox"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from the root of the white swallowwort (Vincetoxicum officinale, a plant of the Asclepias family) as a bitter yellow amorphous substance; — called also asclepiadin, and cynanchin.

VINCIBILITY
Vin`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vincible, vincibleness.

VINCIBLE Vin"ci*ble, a. Etym: [L. vincibilis, fr. vincere to vanquish, conquer: cf. F. vincible. See Victor.]

Defn: Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. "He, not vincible in spirit . . . drew his sword." Hayward. "Vincible by human aid." Paley. Vincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance within the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible before God.

VINCIBLENESS
Vin"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vincible.

VINCTURE
Vinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. vinctura, fr. vincire, vinctum, to bind.]

Defn: A binding. [Obs.]

VINCULUM Vin"cu*lum, n.; pl. L. Vincula, E. Vinculums. Etym: [L., from vincire, vinctum, to bind.]

1. A bond of union; a tie.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation, as in the expression x2 + y2 - x + y.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: A band or bundle of fibers; a frænum.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A commissure uniting the two main tendons in the foot of certain birds.

VINDEMIAL
Vin*de"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. vindemialis, fr. vindemia a vintage. See
Vintage.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vintage, or grape harvest. [R.]

VINDEMIATE
Vin*de"mi*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. vindemiare. See Vindemial.]

Defn: To gather the vintage. [Obs.] Evelyn.

VINDEMIATION
Vin*de`mi*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. vindemiatio.]

Defn: The operation of gathering grapes. [Obs.] Bailey.

VINDICABLE
Vin"di*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being vindicated.
— Vin`di*ca*bil"i*ty, n.

VINDICATE
Vin"di*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vindicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vindicating.] Etym: [L. vindicatus, p. p. of vindicare to lay claim
to, defend, avenge. See Vengeance.]

1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.] Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Pope.

2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title.

3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure, or objections; to defend; to justify. When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts. Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope.

4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies. Milton.

5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.] I am confident he deserves much more That vindicates his country from a tyrant Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger.

6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity.
[Obs.] Bacon.
God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion.
Bp. Pearson.

Syn.
— To assert; maintain; claim. See Assert.

VINDICATION Vin`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vindicatio a laying claim, defense, vindication. See Vindicate.]

1. The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete. Occasion for the vindication of this passage in my book. Locke.

2. (Civil Law)

Defn: The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or title in, or to, a thing. Burrill.

VINDICATIVE
Vin"di*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vindicatif. Cf. Vindictive.]

1. Tending to vindicate; vindicating; as, a vindicative policy.

2. Revengeful; vindictive. [Obs.] Vindicative persons live the life of witches, who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate. Bacon. — Vin"di*ca*tive*ness, n.

VINDICATOR
Vin"di*ca`tor, n. Etym: [LL., an avenger.]

Defn: One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains. Locke.

VINDICATORY
Vin"di*ca*to*ry, a.

1. Tending or serving to vindicate or justify; justificatory; vindicative.

2. Inflicting punishment; avenging; punitory. The afflictions of Job were no vindicatory punishments to take vengeance of his sins. Abp. Bramhall.

VINDICTIVE Vin*dic"tive, a. Etym: [For vindicative, confused with L. vindicta revenge, punishment, fr. vindicare to vindicate. Cf. Vindicative.]

1. Disposed to revenge; prompted or characterized by revenge; revengeful. I am vindictive enough to repel force by force. Dryden.

2. Punitive. [Obs.] Vindictive damages. (Law) See under Damage, n.
— Vin*dic"tive*ly, adv.
— Vin*dic"tive*ness, n.

VINE Vine, n. Etym: [F. vigne, L. vinea a vineyard, vine from vineus of or belonging to wine, vinum wine, grapes. See Wine, and cf. Vignette.] (Bot.) (a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. (b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants. There shall be no grapes on the vine. Jer. viii. 13. And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89. Vine apple (Bot.), a small kind of squash. Roger Williams. — Vine beetle (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beetles which are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the more important species are the grapevine fidia (see Fidia), the spotted Pelidnota (see Rutilian), the vine fleabeetle (Graptodera chalybea), the rose beetle (see under Rose), the vine weevil, and several species of Colaspis and Anomala. — Vine borer. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially Sinoxylon basilare, a small species the larva of which bores in the stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris, a small reddish brown weevil (called also vine weevil), which produces knotlike galls on the branches. (b) A clearwing moth (Ægeria polistiformis), whose larva bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive. — Vine dragon, an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.] Holland. — Vine forester (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larvæ feed on the leaves of the grapevine. — Vine fretter (Zoöl.), a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that injuries the grapevine. — Vine grub (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of insect larvæ that are injurious to the grapevine. — Vine hopper (Zoöl.), any one of several species of leaf hoppers which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis. See Illust. of Grape hopper, under Grape. — Vine inchworm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of geometrid moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria diversilineata. — Vine-leaf rooer (Zoöl.), a small moth (Desmia maculalis) whose larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The moth is brownish black, spotted with white. — Vine louse (Zoöl.), the phylloxera. — Vine mildew (Bot.), a fungous growth which forms a white, delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant has been called Oidium Tuckeri, but is now thought to be the conidia- producing stage of an Erysiphe. — Vine of Sodom (Bot.), a plant named in the Bible (Deut. xxxii. 32), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple of Sodom, under Apple. — Vine sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfiy (Selandria vitis) whose larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larvæ stand side by side in clusters while feeding. — Vine slug (Zoöl.), the larva of the vine sawfly. — Vine sorrel (Bot.), a climbing plant (Cissus acida) related to the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the West Indies. — Vine sphinx (Zoöl.), any one of several species of hawk moths. The larvæ feed on grapevine leaves. — Vine weevil. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall, under Wound.

VINEAL
Vi"ne*al, a. Etym: [L. vinealis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to vines; containing vines. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

VINE-CLAD
Vine"-clad`, a.

Defn: Covered with vines.

VINED
Vined, a.

Defn: Having leaves like those of the vine; ornamented with vine leaves. "Vined and figured columns." Sir H. Wotton.

VINEDRESSER
Vine"dress`er, n.

Defn: One who cultivates, prunes, or cares for, grapevines; a laborer
in a vineyard.
The sons of the shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers. Isa.
lxi. 5.

VINEGAR Vin"e*gar, n. Etym: [OE. vinegre, F. vinaigre; vin wine (L. vinum) + aigre sour. See Wine, and Eager, a.]

1. A sour liquid used as a condiment, or as a preservative, and obtained by the spontaneous (acetous) fermentation, or by the artificial oxidation, of wine, cider, beer, or the like.

Note: The characteristic sourness of vinegar is due to acetic acid, of which it contains from three to five per cent. Wine vinegar contains also tartaric acid, citric acid, etc.

2. Hence, anything sour; — used also metaphorically. Here's the challenge: . . . I warrant there's vinegar and pepper in't. Shak. Aromatic vinegar, strong acetic acid highly flavored with aromatic substances. — Mother of vinegar. See 4th Mother. — Radical vinegar, acetic acid. — Thieves' vinegar. See under Thief. — Vinegar eel (Zoöl.), a minute nematode worm (Leptodera oxophila, or Anguillula acetiglutinis), commonly found in great numbers in vinegar, sour paste, and other fermenting vegetable substances; — called also vinegar worm. — Vinegar lamp (Chem.), a fanciful name of an apparatus designed to oxidize alcohol to acetic acid by means of platinum. — Vinegar plant. See 4th Mother. — Vinegar tree (Bot.), the stag-horn sumac (Rhus typhina), whose acid berries have been used to intensify the sourness of vinegar. — Wood vinegar. See under Wood.

VINEGAR
Vin"e*gar, v. t.

Defn: To convert into vinegar; to make like vinegar; to render sour
or sharp. [Obs.]
Hoping that he hath vinegared his senses As he was bid. B. Jonson.

VINEGARETTE
Vin`e*gar*ette", n.

Defn: See Vinaigrette, n., 2.

VINEGAR FLY
Vin"e*gar fly.

Defn: Any of several fruit flies, esp. Drosophila ampelopophila, which breed in imperfectly sealed preserves and in pickles.

VINEGARROON
Vin`e*gar*roon", n. [Cf. Sp. vinagre vinegar.]

Defn: A whip scorpion, esp. a large Mexican species (Thelyphonus giganteus) popularly supposed to be very venomous; — from the odor that it emits when alarmed.

VINEGARY
Vin"e*gar*y, a.

Defn: Having the nature of vinegar; sour; unamiable.

VINER
Vin"er, n.

Defn: A vinedresser. [Obs.]

VINERY
Vin"er*y, n.

1. A vineyard. [Obs.] "The vinery of Ramer." Fabyan.

2. A structure, usually inclosed with glass, for rearing and protecting vines; a grapery.

VINETTE
Vi*nette", n. Etym: [Cf. Vignette.]

Defn: A sprig or branch. [Archaic] Halliwell.

VINEWED
Vin"ewed, a.

Defn: Same as Vinnewed.

VINEYARD Vine"yard, n. Etym: [For OE. winyard, AS. wingeard; influenced by E. vine. See Wine, and Yard an inclosure.]

Defn: An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines producing grapes.

VINEYARDIST
Vine"yard*ist, n.

Defn: One who cultivates a vineyard.

VINGT ET UN
Vingt` et` un". Etym: [F., twenty and one.]

Defn: A game at cards, played by two or more persons. The fortune of each player depends upon obtaining from the dealer such cards that the sum of their pips, or spots, is twenty-one, or a number near to it.

VINGTUN
Vingt`un", n.

Defn: Contraction for Vingt et un.

VINIC
Vin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to wine; as, vinic alcohol.

VINICULTURE
Vin"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. vinum wine + cultura culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of the vine, esp. for making wine; viticulture.

VINIFICATION
Vin`i*fi*ca"tion, n. [L. vinum wine + E. -fication.]

Defn: The conversion of a fruit juice or other saccharine solution into alcohol by fermentation.

VINNEWED
Vin"newed, a. Etym: [See Fenowed.]

Defn: Moldy; musty. [Written also vinewed.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] —
Vin"newed*ness, n. [Obs.]
Many of Chaucer's words are become, as it were, vinnewed and hoary
with over-long lying. F. Beaumont.

VINNY
Vin"ny, a.

Defn: Vinnewed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

VINOLENCY
Vin"o*len*cy, n. Etym: [L. vinolentina. See Vinolent.]

Defn: Drunkennes. [Obs.]

VINOLENT
Vin"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. vinolentus, fr. vinum wine.]

Defn: Given to wine; drunken; intemperate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VINOMETER
Vin*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. vinum vine + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for determining the strength or purity of wine by measuring its density.

VIN ORDINAIRE
Vin` or`di`naire". Etym: [F., lit., common wine.]

Defn: A cheap claret, used as a table wine in France.

VINOSE
Vi*nose", a.

Defn: Vinous.

VINOSITY
Vi*nos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vinositas: cf. F. vinosité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vinous.

VINOUS
Vi"nous, a. Etym: [L. vinosus, fr. vinum wine: cf. F. vineux. See
Wine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to wine; having the qualities of wine; as, a vinous taste.

VINQUISH
Vin"quish, n. (Far.)

Defn: See Vanquish, n.

VINTAGE Vint"age (; 48), n. Etym: [Corrupted by influence of vintner, vintry, from OE. vindage, vendage, for vendange, OF. vendenge, F. vendange, from L. vindemia; vinum wine, grapes + demere to take off; de + emere, originally, to take. See Wine, Redeem, and cf. Vindemial.]

1. The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as, the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840.

2. The act or time of gathering the crop of grapes, or making the wine for a season. Vintage spring, a wine fount. — Vintage time, the time of gathering grapes and making wine. Milton.

VINTAGER
Vint"a*ger, n. Etym: [From Vintage: cf. F. vendangeur.]

Defn: One who gathers the vintage.

VINTAGING
Vint"a*ging, n.

Defn: The act of gathering the vintage, or crop of grapes.

VINTNER
Vint"ner, n. Etym: [OE. vintener, viniter, OF. vinetier, vinotier,
LL. vinetarius, fr. L. vinetum a vineyard, fr. vinum wine. See Wine.]

Defn: One who deals in wine; a wine seller, or wine merchant.

VINTRY Vint"ry, n. Etym: [OE. viniterie, from OF. vinotier, vinetier, wine merchant. See Vintner.]

Defn: A place where wine is sold. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

VINUM
Vi"num, n.; pl. Vina (#). [L. See Wine.]

Defn: Wine, —chiefly used in Pharmacy in the name of solutions of some medicinal substance in wine; as: vina medicata, medicated wines; vinum opii, wine of opium.

VINY
Vin"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to vines; producing, or abounding in, vines.
P. Fletcher.

VINYL
Vi"nyl, n. Etym: [L. vinum wine + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical C2H3, regarded as the characteristic residue of ethylene and that related series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with which the allyl compounds are homologous.

VIOL Vi"ol, n. Etym: [F. viole; cf. Pr. viola, viula, Sp., Pg., & It. viola, LL. vitula; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. vitulari to celebrate a festival, keep holiday, be joyful, perhaps originally, to sacrifice a calf (vitulus; cf. Veal). Cf. Fiddle, Vielle, 2d Viola, Violin.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed musical instrument formerly in use, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having six strings, to be struck with a bow, and the neck furnished with frets for stopping the strings. Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still, more apt for mournful things. Milton.

Note: The name is now applied as a general term to designate instruments of the violin kind, as tenor viol, bass viol, etc.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A large rope sometimes used in weighing anchor. [Written also voyal, and voyal.] Totten.

VIOLA
Vi"o*la, n. Etym: [L., a violet. See Violet.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of polypetalous herbaceous plants, including all kinds of violets.

VIOLA
Vi"o*la, n. Etym: [It. See Viol.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument in form and use resembling the violin, but larger, and a fifth lower in compass. Viola da braccio Etym: [It., viol for the arm], the tenor viol, or viola, a fifth lower than the violin. Its part is written in the alto clef, hence it is sometimes called the alto. — Viola da gamba Etym: [It., viol for the leg], an instrument resembling the viola, but larger, and held between the knees. It is now rarely used. — Viola da spalla Etym: [It., viol for the shoulder], an instrument formerly used, resembling the viola, and intermediate in size between the viola and the viola da gamba. — Viola di amore Etym: [It., viol of love: cf. F. viole d'amour], a viol, larger than the viola, having catgut strings upon, and brass or steel wires under, the keyboard. These, sounding sympathetically with the strings, yield a peculiarly soft and silvery sound. It is now seldom used.

VIOLABLE
Vi"o*la*ble, a. Etym: [L. violabilis: cf. F. violable. See Violate.]

Defn: Capable of being violated, broken, or injured.
— Vi"o*la*bly, adv.

VIOLACEOUS
Vi`o*la"ceous, a. Etym: [L. violaceus, fr. viola a violet.]

1. Resembling violets in color; bluish purple.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants, of which the violet is the type. It contains about twenty genera and two hundred and fifty species.

VIOLANILINE
Vi`o*lan"i*line, n. Etym: [Violet + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A dyestuff of the induline group, made from aniline, and used as a substitute for indigo in dyeing wool and silk a violet-blue or a gray-blue color.

VIOLANTIN
Vi`o*lan"tin, n. Etym: [See Violuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance, produced as a yellow crystalline substance, and regarded as a complex derivative of barbituric acid.

VIOLAQUERCITRIN
Vi`o*la*quer"cit*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline glucoside obtained from the pansy (Viola tricolor), and decomposing into glucose and quercitrin.

VIOLASCENT
Vi`o*las"cent, a.

Defn: Violescent. [R.]

VIOLATE
Vi"o*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Violates; p. pr. & vb. n. Violating.]
Etym: [L. violatus, p. p. of violare to violate, fr. vis strength,
force. See Violent.]

1. To treat in a violent manner; to abuse. His wife Boadicea violated with stripes, his daughters with rape. Milton.

2. To do violence to, as to anything that should be held sacred or respected; to profane; to desecrate; to break forcibly; to trench upon; to infringe. Violated vows 'Twixt the souls of friend and friend. Shak. Oft have they violated The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts. Milton.

3. To disturb; to interrupt. "Employed, it seems, to violate sleep." Milton.

4. To commit rape on; to ravish; to outrage.

Syn. — To injure; disturb; interrupt; infringe; transgress; profane; deflour; debauch; dishonor.

VIOLATION
Vi`o*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. violatio: cf. F. violation.]

Defn: The act of violating, treating with violence, or injuring; the state of being violated. Specifically: — (a) Infringement; transgression; nonobservance; as, the violation of law or positive command, of covenants, promises, etc. "The violation of my faith." Shak. (b) An act of irreverence or desecration; profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things; as, the violation of a church. Udall. (c) Interruption, as of sleep or peace; disturbance. (d) Ravishment; rape; outrage. Shak.

VIOLATIVE
Vi"o*la*tive, a.

Defn: Violating, or tending to violate.

VIOLATOR
Vi"o*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who violates; an infringer; a profaner; a ravisher.

VIOLE
Vi"ole, n.

Defn: A vial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VIOLENCE
Vi"o*lence, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. violentia. See Violent.]

1. The quality or state of being violent; highly excited action, whether physical or moral; vehemence; impetuosity; force. That seal You ask with such a violence, the king, Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me. Shak. All the elements At least had gone to wrack, disturbed and torn With the violence of this conflict. Milton.

2. Injury done to that which is entitled to respect, reverence, or observance; profanation; infringement; unjust force; outrage; assault. Do violence to do man. Luke iii. 14. We can not, without offering violence to all records, divine and human, deny an universal deluge. T. Burnet. Looking down, he saw The whole earth filled with violence. Milton.

3. Ravishment; rape; constupration. To do violence on, to attack; to murder. "She . . . did violence on herself." Shak. — To do violence to, to outrage; to injure; as, he does violence to his own opinions.

Syn. — Vehemence; outrage; fierceness; eagerness; violation; infraction; infringement; transgression; oppression.

VIOLENCE
Vi"o*lence, v. t.

Defn: To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence; to compel.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

VIOLENT Vi"o*lent, a. Etym: [F., from L. violentus, from vis strength, force; probably akin to Gr.

1. Moving or acting with physical strength; urged or impelled with force; excited by strong feeling or passion; forcible; vehement; impetuous; fierce; furious; severe; as, a violent blow; the violent attack of a disease. Float upon a wild and violent sea. Shak. A violent cross wind from either coast. Milton.

2. Acting, characterized, or produced by unjust or improper force; outrageous; unauthorized; as, a violent attack on the right of free speech. To bring forth more violent deeds. Milton. Some violent hands were laid on Humphrey's life. Shak.

3. Produced or effected by force; not spontaneous; unnatural; abnormal. These violent delights have violent ends. Shak. No violent state can be perpetual. T. Burnet. Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void. Milton. Violent presumption (Law), presumption of a fact that arises from proof of circumstances which necessarily attend such facts. — Violent profits (Scots Law), rents or profits of an estate obtained by a tenant wrongfully holding over after warning. They are recoverable in a process of removing.

Syn. — Fierce; vehement; outrageous; boisterous; turbulent; impetuous; passionate; severe; extreme.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, n.

Defn: An assailant. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. violenter.]

Defn: To urge with violence. [Obs.] Fuller.

VIOLENT
Vi"o*lent, v. i.

Defn: To be violent; to act violently. [Obs.] The grief is fine, full, perfect, that I taste, An violenteth in a sense as strong As that which causeth it. Shak.

VIOLENTLY
Vi"o*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a violent manner.

VIOLESCENT
Vi`o*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. viola a violet.]

Defn: Tending to a violet color; violascent.

VIOLET Vi"o*let, n. Etym: [F. violette a violet (cf. violet violet-colored), dim. of OF. viole a violet, L. viola; akin to Gr. Iodine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant or flower of the genus Viola, of many species. The violets are generally low, herbaceous plants, and the flowers of many of the species are blue, while others are white or yellow, or of several colors, as the pansy (Viola tricolor).

Note: The cultivated sweet violet is Viola odorata of Europe. The common blue violet of the eastern United States is V. cucullata; the sand, or bird-foot, violet is V. pedata.

2. The color of a violet, or that part of the spectrum farthest from red. It is the most refrangible part of the spectrum.

3. In art, a color produced by a combination of red and blue in equal proportions; a bluish purple color. Mollett.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small violet-colored butterflies belonging to Lycæna, or Rusticus, and allied genera.

Corn violet. See under Corn.
— Dame's violet. (Bot.) See Damewort.
— Dogtooth violet. (Bot.) See under Dogtooth.
— Water violet (Bot.), an aquatic European herb (Hottonia
palustris) with pale purplish flowers and pinnatifid leaves.

VIOLET
Vi"o*let, a. Etym: [Cf. F. violet. See Violet, n.]

Defn: Dark blue, inclining to red; bluish purple; having a color produced by red and blue combined. Violet shell (Zoöl.), any species of Ianthina; — called also violet snail. See Lanthina. — Violet wood, a name given to several kinds of hard purplish or reddish woods, as king wood, myall wood, and the wood of the Andira violacea, a tree of Guiana.

VIOLET-EAR
Vi"o*let-ear`, n.

Defn: Any tropical humming bird of the genus Petasophora, having violet or purplish ear tufts.

VIOLET-TIP
Vi"o*let-tip", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very handsome American butterfly (Polygonia interrogationis). Its wings are mottled with various shades of red and brown and have violet tips.

VIOLIN
Vi`o*lin", n. Etym: [It. violino, dim. of viola. See Viol.] (Mus.)

Defn: A small instrument with four strings, played with a bow; a fiddle.

Note: The violin is distinguished for the brilliancy and gayety, as well as the power and variety, of its tones, and in the orchestra it is the leading and most important instrument.

VIOLINE Vi"o*line, n. (Chem.) (a) A pale yellow amorphous substance of alkaloidal nature and emetic properties, said to have been extracted from the root and foliage of the violet (Viola). (b) Mauve aniline. See under Mauve.

VIOLINIST Vi`o*lin"ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. violiniste, violoniste, It. violonista.]

Defn: A player on the violin.

VIOLIST
Vi"ol*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. violiste.]

Defn: A player on the viol.

VIOLONCELLIST Vi`o*lon*cel"list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. violoncelliste, It. violoncellista.]

Defn: A player on the violoncello.

VIOLONCELLO Vi`o*lon*cel"lo, n. Etym: [It. violoncello, dim. of violone a bass viol. See Violone.] (Mus.)

Defn: A stringed instrument of music; a bass viol of four strings, or a bass violin with long, large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the viola, or tenor or alto violin.

VIOLONE
Vi`o*lo"ne, n. Etym: [It. violone, augment. of viola a viol. See
Viol.] (Mus.)

Defn: The largest instrument of the bass-viol kind, having strings tuned an octave below those of the violoncello; the contrabasso; — called also double bass. [Written also violono.]

VIOLOUS
Vi"o*lous, a.

Defn: Violent. [Obs.] J. Fletcher.

VIOLURIC
Vi`o*lu"ric, a. Etym: [Violet + barbituric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitroso derivative of barbituric acid. It is obtained as a white or yellow crystalline substance, and forms characteristic yellow, blue, and violet salts.

VIPER Vi"per, n. Etym: [F. vipère, L. vipera, probably contr. fr. vivipera; vivus alive + parere to bring forth, because it was believed to be the only serpent that brings forth living young. Cf. Quick, a., Parent, Viviparous, Wivern, Weever.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Old World venomous makes belonging to Vipera, Clotho, Daboia, and other genera of the family Viperidæ. There came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts xxviii. 3.

Note: Among the best-known species are the European adder (Pelias berus), the European asp (Vipera aspis), the African horned viper (V. cerastes), and the Indian viper (Daboia Russellii).

2. A dangerous, treacherous, or malignant person. Who committed To such a viper his most sacred trust Of secrecy. Milton. Horned viper. (Zoöl.) See Cerastes. — Red viper (Zoöl.), the copperhead. — Viper fish (Zoöl.), a small, slender, phosphorescent deep-sea fish (Chauliodus Sloanii). It has long ventral and dorsal fins, a large mouth, and very long, sharp teeth. — Viper's bugloss (Bot.), a rough-leaved biennial herb (Echium vulgare) having showy purplish blue flowers. It is sometimes cultivated, but has become a pestilent weed in fields from New York to Virginia. Also called blue weed. — Viper's grass (Bot.), a perennial composite herb (Scorzonera Hispanica) with narrow, entire leaves, and solitary heads of yellow flowers. The long, white, carrot-shaped roots are used for food in Spain and some other countries. Called also viper grass.

VIPERINA
Vi`per*i"na, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Viperoidea.

VIPERINE
Vi"per*ine, a. Etym: [L. viperinus: cf. F. vipérin.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a viper or vipers; resembling a viper. Viperine snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any venomous snake of the family Viperidæ. (b) A harmless snake resembling a viper in form or color, esp. Tropidonotus viperinus, a small European species which resembles the viper in color.

VIPERISH
Vi"per*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat like a viper; viperous.

VIPEROID
Vi"per*oid, a. [Viper + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the vipers.

VIPEROIDEA; VIPEROIDES Vi`per*oi"de*a, Vi`per*oi"des, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Viper, and - oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of serpents which includes the true vipers of the Old World and the rattlesnakes and moccasin snakes of America; — called also Viperina.

VIPEROUS
Vi"per*ous, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as, a viperous tongue. "This viperous slander." Shak. — Vi"per*ous*ly, adv.

VIRAGINIAN
Vi`ra*gin"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a virago; having the qualities of a virago.
Milton.

VIRAGINITY
Vi`ra*gin"i*ty, n.

Defn: The qualities or characteristics of a virago.

VIRAGO
Vi*ra"go, n.; pl. Viragoes. Etym: [L. virago, -intis, from vir a man.
See Virile.]

1. A woman of extraordinary stature, strength, and courage; a woman who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man; a female warrior. To arms! to arms! the fierce virago cries. Pope.

2. Hence, a mannish woman; a bold, turbulent woman; a termagant; a vixen. Virago . . . serpent under femininity. Chaucer.

VIRE
Vire, n. Etym: [OF. vire, fr. virer to turn. Cf. Veer, Vireton.]

Defn: An arrow, having a rotary motion, formerly used with the crossbow. Cf. Vireton. Gower.

VIRELAY
Vir"e*lay, n. Etym: [F. virelai; virer to turn + lai a song, a lay.]

Defn: An ancient French song, or short poem, wholly in two rhymes,
and composed in short lines, with a refrain.
Of such matter made he many lays, Songs, complains, roundels,
virelayes. Chaucer.
To which a lady sung a virelay. Dryden.

Note: "The virelay admitted only two rhymes, and, after employing one for some time, the poet was virer, or to turn, to the other." Nares.

VIRENT
Vi"rent, a. Etym: [L. virens, p. pr. of virere to be green.]

Defn: Green; not withered. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

VIREO
Vir"e*o, n. Etym: [L., a species of bird.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of American singing birds belonging to Vireo and allied genera of the family Vireonidæ. In many of the species the back is greenish, or olive-colored. Called also greenlet.

Note: In the Eastern United States the most common species are the white-eyed vireo (Vireo Noveboracensis), the redeyed vireo (V. olivaceus), the blue-headed, or solitary, vireo (V. solitarius), the warbling vireo (V. gilvus), and the yellow-throated vireo (V. flavifrons). All these are noted for the sweetness of their songs.

VIRESCENCE
Vi*res"cence, (Bot.)

Defn: The act or state of becoming green through the formation of chlorophyll.

VIRESCENT Vi*res"cent, a. Etym: [L. virescens, p. pr. of virescere to grow green, verb incho. fr. virere to be green.]

Defn: Beginning to be green; slightly green; greenish.

VIRETON
Vir"e*ton, n. Etym: [F. See Vire.]

Defn: An arrow or bolt for a crossbow having feathers or brass placed at an angle with the shaft to make it spin in flying.

VIRGALIEU
Vir"ga*lieu, n. Etym: [Cf. Virgouleuse.] (Bot.)

Defn: A valuable kind of pear, of an obovate shape and with melting flesh of delicious flavor; — more properly called White Doyenné. [Written also virgaloo, vergalieu, vergaloo, etc.]

VIRGATE
Vir"gate, a. Etym: [L. virgatus made of twigs, fr. virga a twig, rod.
See Verge a rod.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a straight rod; wand-shaped; straight and slender.

VIRGATE Vir"gate, n. Etym: [LL. virgata, virgata terrae, so much land as virga terrae, a land measure, contains, fr. L. virga a twig, rod.]

Defn: A yardland, or measure of land varying from fifteen to forty acres. [Obs.] T. Warton.

VIRGATED
Vir"ga*ted, a. Etym: [L. virgatus striped. See Virgate, a.]

Defn: Striped; streaked. [Obs.]

VIRGE
Virge, n.

Defn: A wand. See Verge. [Obs.]

VIRGER
Vir"ger, n.

Defn: See Verger. [Obs.]

VIRGILIAN
Vir*gil"i*an, a. Etym: [L. Virgilianus, better Vergilianus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet; resembling the style of Virgil. [Spelt also Vergilian.] The rich Virgilian rustic measure Of Lari Maxume. Tennyson.

VIRGIN Vir"gin, n. Etym: [L. virgo, -inis: cf. OF. virgine, virgene, virge, vierge, F. vierge.]

1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of man; a maid.

2. A person of the male sex who has not known sexual indulgence. [Archaic] Wyclif. These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins. Rev. xiv. 4. He his flesh hath overcome; He was a virgin, as he said. Gower.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: See Virgo.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of gossamer-winged butterflies of the family Lycænidæ.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A female insect producing eggs from which young are hatched, though there has been no fecundation by a male; a parthenogenetic insect. The Virgin, or The Blessed Virgin, the Virgin Mary, the Mother of our Lord. — Virgin's bower (Bot.), a name given to several climbing plants of the genus Clematis, as C. Vitalba of Europe, and C. Virginiana of North America.

VIRGIN
Vir"gin, a.

1. Being a virgin; chaste; of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly; modest; indicating modesty; as, a virgin blush. "Virgin shame." Cowley. Innocence and virgin modesty . . . That would be wooed, and unsought be won. Milton.

2. Pure; undefiled; unmixed; fresh; new; as, virgin soil; virgin gold. "Virgin Dutch." G. W. Cable. The white cold virgin snow upon my heart. Shak. A few ounces of mutton, with a little virgin oil. Landor.

3. Not yet pregnant; impregnant. Milton.

VIRGIN
Vir"gin, v. i.

Defn: To act the virgin; to be or keep chaste; — followed by it. See
It, 5. [Obs.] "My true lip hath virgined it e'er since [that kiss]."
Shak.

VIRGINAL
Vir"gin*al, a. Etym: [L. virginalis: cf. F. virginal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a virgin; becoming a virgin; maidenly.
"Chastity and honor virginal." Spenser. Virginal generation (Biol.),
parthenogenesis.
— Virginal membrane (Anat.), the hymen.

VIRGINAL Vir"gin*al, n. Etym: [Cf. F. virginale; — probably so called from being used by young girls, or virgins.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument somewhat resembling the spinet, but having a rectangular form, like the small piano. It had strings and keys, but only one wire to a note. The instrument was used in the sixteenth century, but is now wholly obsolete. It was sometimes called a pair of virginals.

VIRGINAL
Vir"gin*al, v. i.

Defn: To play with the fingers, as if on a virginal; to tap or pat.
[Obs.] "Still virginaling upon his palm!" Shak.

VIRGINHOOD
Vir"gin*hood, n.

Defn: Virginity; maidenhood.

VIRGINIA
Vir*gin"i*a, n.

Defn: One of the States of the United States of America.
— a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the State of Virginia. Virginia cowslip
(Bot.), the American lungwort (Mertensia Virginica).
— Virginia creeper (Bot.), a common ornamental North American woody
vine (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), climbing extensively by means of
tendrils; — called also woodbine, and American ivy. [U.S.] —
Virginia fence. See Worm fence, under Fence.
— Virginia nightingale (Zoöl.), the cardinal bird. See under
Cardinal.
— Virginia quail (Zoöl.), the bobwhite.
— Virginia reel, an old English contradance; — so called in the
United States. Bartlett.
— Virginia stock. (Bot.) See Mahon stock.

VIRGINITY
Vir*gin"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. virgintee, F. virginité, L. virginitas.]

1. The quality or state of being a virgin; undefiled purity or chastity; maidenhood.

2. The unmarried life; celibacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VIRGO Vir"go, n. Etym: [L. virgo a virgin, the constellation Virgo in the zodiac. See Virgin.] (Astron.) (a) A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of August, marked thus [ (b) A constellation of the zodiac, now occupying chiefly the sign Libra, and containing the bright star Spica.

VIRGOULEUSE
Vir"gou*leuse, n. Etym: [F. virgouleuse, from the village of
Virgoulée, near Limoges.] (Bot.)

Defn: An old French variety of pear, of little value.

VIRGULARIAN
Vir`gu*la"ri*an, n. Etym: [From. L. virgula a small rod.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long, slender Alcyonaria belonging to Virgularia and allied genera of the family Virgularidæ. These corals are allied to the sea-pens, but have a long rodlike rhachis inclosing a slender, round or square, calcareous axis. The polyps are arranged in transverse rows or clusters along each side of the rhachis.

VIRGULATE
Vir"gu*late, a.

Defn: Shaped like a little twig or rod.

VIRGULE
Vir"gule, n. Etym: [F. virgule, fr. L. virgula, dim. of virga. See
Verge a rod.]

Defn: A comma. [R.] In the MSS. of Chaucer, the line is always broken by a cæsura in the middle, which is pointed by a virgule. Hallam.

VIRIAL
Vir"i*al, n. Etym: [L. vis, viris, force.] (Physics)

Defn: A certain function relating to a system of forces and their points of application, — first used by Clausius in the investigation of problems in molecular physics.

VIRID
Vir"id, a. Etym: [L. viridis green. See Verdant.]

Defn: Green. [Obs.]
The virid marjoram Her sparkling beauty did but see. Crompton.

VIRIDESCENCE
Vir`i*des"cence, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being viridescent.

VIRIDESCENT Vir`i*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. viridescens, p. pr. of viridescere to grow green.]

Defn: Slightly green; greenish.

VIRIDINE
Vir"i*dine, n. Etym: [L. viridis green.] (Chem.)

Defn: A greenish, oily, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C12H19N7, obtained from coal tar, and probably consisting of a mixture of several metameric compounds which are higher derivatives of the base pyridine.

VIRIDITE
Vir"i*dite, n. Etym: [L. viridis green.] (Min.)

Defn: A greenish chloritic mineral common in certain igneous rocks, as diabase, as a result of alternation.

VIRIDITY Vi*rid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. viriditas, fr. viridis green: cf. F. viridité. See Verdant.]

1. Greenness; verdure; the color of grass and foliage.

2. Freshness; soundness. [Obs.] Evelyn.

VIRIDNESS
Vir"id*ness, n.

Defn: Viridity; greenness.

VIRILE Vi"rile, a. Etym: [L. virilis, fr. vir a man; akin to AS. wer: cf. F. viril. See Werewolf, World, and cf. Decemvir, Virago, Virtue.]

Defn: Having the nature, properties, or qualities, of an adult man; characteristic of developed manhood; hence, masterful; forceful; specifically, capable of begetting; — opposed to womanly, feminine, and puerile; as, virile age, virile power, virile organs.

VIRILITY
Vi*ril"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. virilitas: cf. F. virilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being virile; developed manhood; manliness; specif., the power of procreation; as, exhaustion. "Virility of visage." Holland.

VIRIPOTENT
Vi*rip"o*tent, a. Etym: [L. vir man + potens fit for.]

Defn: Developed in manhood; hence, able to beget; marriageable.
[Obs.]
Being not of ripe years, not viripotent. Holinshed.

VIRMILION
Vir*mil"ion, n.

Defn: See Vermilion. [R.]

VIROLE
Vi*role", n. Etym: [F., a ferrule. See Ferrule.] (Her.)

Defn: A ring surrounding a bugle or hunting horn.

VIROLED
Vi*roled", a. (Her.)

Defn: Furnished with a virole or viroles; — said of a horn or a bugle when the rings are of different tincture from the rest of the horn.

VIROSE
Vi*rose", a. Etym: [L. virosus. See Virus.]

Defn: Having a nauseous odor; fetid; poisonous. [R.]

VIRTU
Vir*tu", n. Etym: [It. virtù virtue, excellence, from L. virtus. See
Virtue.]

Defn: A love of the fine arts; a taste for curiosities. J. Spence. An article, or piece, of virtu, an object of art or antiquity; a curiosity, such as those found in museums or private collections. I had thoughts, in my chambers to place it in view, To be shown to my friends as a piece of virtù. Goldsmith.

VIRTUAL
Vir"tu*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. virtuel. See Virtue.]

1. Having the power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the agency of the material or sensible part; potential; energizing. Heat and cold have a virtual transition, without communication of substance. Bacon. Every kind that lives, Fomented by his virtual power, and warmed. Milton.

2. Being in essence or effect, not in fact; as, the virtual presence of a man in his agent or substitute. A thing has a virtual existence when it has all the conditions necessary to its actual existence. Fleming. To mask by slight differences in the manners a virtual identity in the substance. De Quincey. Principle of virtual velocities (Mech.), the law that when several forces are in equilibrium, the algebraic sum of their virtual moments is equal to zero. — Virtual focus (Opt.), the point from which rays, having been rendered divergent by reflection of refraction, appear to issue; the point at which converging rays would meet if not reflected or refracted before they reach it. — Virtual image. (Optics) See under Image. — Virtual moment (of a force) (Mech.), the product of the intensity of the force multiplied by the virtual velocity of its point of application; — sometimes called virtual work. — Virtual velocity (Mech.), a minute hypothetical displacement, assumed in analysis to facilitate the investigation of statical problems. With respect to any given force of a number of forces holding a material system in equilibrium, it is the projection, upon the direction of the force, of a line joining its point of application with a new position of that point indefinitely near to the first, to which the point is conceived to have been moved, without disturbing the equilibrium of the system, or the connections of its parts with each other. Strictly speaking, it is not a velocity but a length. — Virtual work. (Mech.) See Virtual moment, above.

VIRTUALITY
Vir`tu*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. virtualité.]

1. The quality or state of being virtual.

2. Potentiality; efficacy; potential existence. [Obs.] In one grain of corn, there lieth dormant a virtuality of many other. Sir T. Browne.

VIRTUALLY
Vir"tu*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a virtual manner; in efficacy or effect only, and not actually; to all intents and purposes; practically.

VIRTUATE
Vir"tu*ate, v. t.

Defn: To make efficacious; to give virtue of efficacy. [Obs.] Harvey.

VIRTUE Vir"tue, n. Etym: [OE. vertu, F. vertu, L. virtus strength, courage, excellence, virtue, fr. vir a man. See Virile, and cf. Virtu.]

1. Manly strength or courage; bravery; daring; spirit; valor. [Obs.] Shak. Built too strong For force or virtue ever to expugn. Chapman.

2. Active quality or power; capacity or power adequate to the production of a given effect; energy; strength; potency; efficacy; as, the virtue of a medicine. Jesus, immediately knowing in himself that virtue had gone out of him, turned him about. Mark v. 30. A man was driven to depend for his security against misunderstanding, upon the pure virtue of his syntax. De Quincey. The virtue of his midnight agony. Keble.

3. Energy or influence operating without contact of the material or sensible substance. She moves the body which she doth possess, Yet no part toucheth, but by virtue's touch. Sir. J. Davies.

4. Excellence; value; merit; meritoriousness; worth. I made virtue of necessity. Chaucer. In the Greek poets, . . . the economy of poems is better observed than in Terence, who thought the sole grace and virtue of their fable the sticking in of sentences. B. Jonson.

5. Specifically, moral excellence; integrity of character; purity of soul; performance of duty. Virtue only makes our bliss below. Pope. If there's Power above us, And that there is all nature cries aloud Through all her works, he must delight in virtue. Addison.

6. A particular moral excellence; as, the virtue of temperance, of charity, etc. "The very virtue of compassion." Shak. "Remember all his virtues." Addison.

7. Specifically: Chastity; purity; especially, the chastity of women; virginity. H. I believe the girl has virtue. M. And if she has, I should be the last man in the world to attempt to corrupt it. Goldsmith.

8. pl.

Defn: One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy. Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers. Milton. Cardinal virtues. See under Cardinal, a. — In, or By, virtue of, through the force of; by authority of. "He used to travel through Greece by virtue of this fable, which procured him reception in all the towns." Addison. "This they shall attain, partly in virtue of the promise made by God, and partly in virtue of piety." Atterbury. — Theological virtues, the three virtues, faith, hope, and charity. See 1 Cor. xiii. 13.

VIRTUELESS
Vir"tue*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of virtue; without efficacy or operating qualities;
powerless.
Virtueless she wished all herbs and charms. Fairfax.

VIRTUOSITY
Vir`tu*os"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being a virtuoso; in a bad sense, the character of one in whom mere artistic feeling or æsthetic cultivation takes the place of religious character; sentimentalism. This famous passage . . . over which the virtuosity of modern times, rejoicing in evil, has hung so fondly. C. Kingsley.

2. Virtuosos, collectively. Carlyle.

3. An art or study affected by virtuosos.

VIRTUOSO
Vir`tu*o"so, n.; pl. Virtuosos; It. Virtuosi. Etym: [It. See
Virtuous.]

1. One devoted to virtu; one skilled in the fine arts, in antiquities, and the like; a collector or ardent admirer of curiosities, etc. Virtuoso the Italians call a man who loves the noble arts, and is a critic in them. Dryden.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A performer on some instrument, as the violin or the piano, who excels in the technical part of his art; a brilliant concert player.

VIRTUOSOSHIP
Vir`tu*o"so*ship, n.

Defn: The condition, pursuits, or occupation of a virtuoso. Bp. Hurd.

VIRTUOUS Vir"tu*ous, a. Etym: [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: — (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [Obs.] Old Priam's son, amongst them all, was chiefly virtuous. Chapman.

(b) Having power or efficacy; powerfully operative; efficacious; potent. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lifting up his virtuous staff on high, He smote the sea, which calméd was with speed. Spenser. Every virtuous plant and healing herb. Milton.

(c) Having moral excellence; characterized by morality; upright; righteous; pure; as, a virtuous action. The virtuous mind that ever walks attended By a strong siding champion, conscience. Milton.

2. Chaste; pure; — applied especially to women. Mistress Ford . . . the virtuous creature, that hath the jealous fool to her husband. Shak. — Vir"tu*ous*ly, adv. — Vir"tu*ous*ness, n.

VIRULENCE; VIRULENCY Vir"u*lence, Vir"u*len*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. virulence, L. virulentia an offensive odor, a stench.]

1. The quality or state of being virulent or venomous; poisonousness; malignancy.

2. Extreme bitterness or malignity of disposition. "Refuted without satirical virulency." Barrow. The virulence of one declaimer, or the profundities and sublimities of the other. I. Taylor.

VIRULENT Vir"u*lent, a. Etym: [L. virulentus, fr. virus poison: cf. F. virulent. See Virus.]

1. Extremely poisonous or venomous; very active in doing injury. A contagious disorder rendered more virulent by uncleanness. Sir W. Scott.

2. Very bitter in enmity; actuated by a desire to injure; malignant; as, a virulent invective.

VIRULENTED
Vir"u*lent*ed, a.

Defn: Made virulent; poisoned. [Obs.]

VIRULENTLY
Vir"u*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a virulent manner.

VIRUS Vi"rus, n. Etym: [L., a slimy liquid, a poisonous liquid, poison, stench; akin to Gr. visha. Cf. Wizen, v. i.]

1. (Med.) (a) Contagious or poisonous matter, as of specific ulcers, the bite of snakes, etc.; — applied to organic poisons. (b) The special contagion, inappreciable to the senses and acting in exceedingly minute quantities, by which a disease is introduced into the organism and maintained there.

Note: The specific virus of diseases is now regarded as a microscopic living vegetable organism which multiplies within the body, and, either by its own action or by the associated development of a chemical poison, causes the phenomena of the special disease.

2. Fig.: Any morbid corrupting quality in intellectual or moral conditions; something that poisons the mind or the soul; as, the virus of obscene books.

VIS
Vis, n.

1. Force; power.

2. (Law) (a) Physical force. (b) Moral power. Principle of vis viva (Mech.), the principle that the difference between the aggregate work of the accelerating forces of a system and that of the retarding forces is equal to one half the vis viva accumulated or lost in the system while the work is being done. — Vis impressa Etym: [L.] (Mech.), force exerted, as in moving a body, or changing the direction of its motion; impressed force. — Vis inertiæ. Etym: [L.] (a) The resistance of matter, as when a body at rest is set in motion, or a body in motion is brought to rest, or has its motion changed, either in direction or in velocity. (b) Inertness; inactivity. Vis intertiæ and inertia are not strictly synonymous. The former implies the resistance itself which is given, while the latter implies merely the property by which it is given. — Vis mortua Etym: [L.] (Mech.), dead force; force doing no active work, but only producing pressure. — Vis vitæ, or Vis vitalis Etym: [L.] (Physiol.), vital force. — Vis viva Etym: [L.] (Mech.), living force; the force of a body moving against resistance, or doing work, in distinction from vis mortua, or dead force; the kinetic energy of a moving body; the capacity of a moving body to do work by reason of its being in motion. See Kinetic energy, in the Note under Energy. The term vis viva is not usually understood to include that part of the kinetic energy of the body which is due to the vibrations of its molecules.

VISA
Vi"sa, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Vis.

VISA
Vi"sa, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Visaed; p. pr. & vb. n. Visaing.]

Defn: To indorse, after examination, with the word visé, as a passport; to visé.

VISAGE Vis"age (; 48), n. Etym: [F. visage, from L. visus a seeing, a look, fr. videre, visum, to see. See Vision.]

Defn: The face, countenance, or look of a person or an animal; —
chiefly applied to the human face. Chaucer. "A visage of demand."
Shak.
His visage was so marred more than any man. Isa. lii. 14.
Love and beauty still that visage grace. Waller.

VISAGE
Vis"age (; 48), v. t.

Defn: To face. [Obs.] Chaucer.

VISAGED
Vis"aged, a.

Defn: Having a visage. Shak.

VISARD
Vis"ard, n.

Defn: A mask. See Visor.

VISARD
Vis"ard, v. t.

Defn: To mask.

VIS-A-VIS
Vis`-a-vis", n. Etym: [F., opposite, face to face.]

1. One who, or that which, is face to face with another; esp., one who faces another in dancing.

2. A carriage in which two persons sit face to face. Also, a form of sofa with seats for two persons, so arranged that the occupants are face to face while sitting on opposite sides.

VIS-A-VIS
Vis`-a-vis", adv.

Defn: Face to face.

VISAYAN
Vi*sa"yan, n. [Cf. Sp. Bisayo a Visayan.]

Defn: A member of the most numerous of the native races of the
Philippines, occupying the Visayan Islands and the northern coast
Mindanao; also, their language. The Visayans possessed a native
culture and alphabet.

VISCACHA; VIZ-CACHA
Vis*ca"cha, Viz-ca"cha (, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large burrowing South American rodent (Lagostomus trichodactylus) allied to the chinchillas, but much larger. Its fur is soft and rather long, mottled gray above, white or yellowish white beneath. There is a white band across the muzzle, and a dark band on each cheek. It inhabits grassy plains, and is noted for its extensive burrows and for heaping up miscellaneous articles at the mouth of its burrows. Called also biscacha, bizcacha, vischacha, vishatscha.

VISCERA
Vis"ce*ra, n.,

Defn: pl. of Viscus.

VISCERAL
Vis"cer*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. viscéral, LL. visceralis.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the viscera; splanchnic.

2. Fig.: Having deep sensibility. [R.] Bp. Reynolds. Visceral arches (Anat.), the bars or ridges between the visceral clefts. — Visceral cavity or tube (Anat.), the ventral cavity of a vertebrate, which contains the alimentary canal, as distinguished from the dorsal, or cerebro-spinal, canal. — Visceral clefts (Anat.), transverse clefts on the sides just back of the mouth in the vertebrate embryo, which open into the pharyngeal portion of the alimentary canal, and correspond to the branchial clefts in adult fishes.

VISCERATE
Vis"cer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viscerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Viscerating.]

Defn: To deprive of the viscera, or entrails; to eviscerate; to disembowel.

VISCEROSKELETAL
Vis`cer*o*skel"e*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the framework, or skeleton, or skeleton, of the viscera; as, the visceroskeletal system of muscles. Mivart.

VISCID Vis"cid, a. Etym: [L. viscidus, fr. viscum the mistletoe, birdlime made from the berries of the mistletoe; akin to Gr. viscide.]

Defn: Sticking or adhering, and having a ropy or glutinous consistency; viscous; glutinous; sticky; tenacious; clammy; as, turpentine, tar, gums, etc., are more or less viscid.

VISCIDITY
Vis*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. viscidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being viscid; also, that which is viscid; glutinous concretion; stickiness.

VISCIN
Vis"cin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A clear, viscous, tasteless substance extracted from the mucilaginous sap of the mistletoe (Viscum album), holly, etc., and constituting an essential ingredient of birdlime.

VISCOIDAL
Vis*coid"al, a.

Defn: Somewhat viscous. Cf. Mobile, a., 2.

VISCOSIMETER
Vis`co*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Viscosity + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of viscosity of liquids, as solutions of gum.

VISCOSITY
Vis*cos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. viscosité, LL. viscositas.]

1. The quality or state of being viscous.

2. (Physics)

Defn: A quality analogous to that of a viscous fluid, supposed to be caused by internal friction, especially in the case of gases.

VISCOUNT
Vis"count`, n. Etym: [OE. vicounte, OF. visconte, vescunte, F.
vicomte, LL. vicecomes; L. vice (see Vice, a.) + comes a companion,
LL., a count. See Count.]

1. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An officer who formerly supplied the place of the count, or earl; the sheriff of the county.

2. A nobleman of the fourth rank, next in order below an earl and next above a baron; also, his degree or title of nobility. See Peer, n., 3. [Eng.] Chaucer.

VISCOUNTCY
Vis"count`cy, n.

Defn: The dignity or jurisdiction of a viscount. Sir B. Burke.

VISCOUNTESS
Vis"count`ess, n. Etym: [F. vicomtesse, LL. vicecomitissa.]

Defn: The wife of a viscount.

VISCOUNTSHIP; VISCOUNTY
Vis"count`ship, Vis"count`y, n. Etym: [F. vicomté.]

Defn: The quality, rank, or office of a viscount.

VISCOUS
Vis"cous, a. Etym: [L. viscosus. See Viscid.]

Defn: Adhesive or sticky, and having a ropy or glutinous consistency; viscid; glutinous; clammy; tenacious; as, a viscous juice. — Vis"cous*ness, n.

Note: There is no well-defined distinction in meaning between viscous and viscid.

VISCUM
Vis"cum, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic shrubs, including the mistletoe of Europe.

2. Birdlime, which is often made from the berries of the European mistletoe.

VISCUS
Vis"cus, n.; pl. Viscera. Etym: [L., perhaps akin to E. viscid.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the organs, as the brain, heart, or stomach, in the great cavities of the body of an animal; — especially used in the plural, and applied to the organs contained in the abdomen.

VISE Vise, n. Etym: [F. vis a screw, winding stairs, OF. vis, viz, fr. L. vitis a vine; probably akin to E. withy.]

Defn: An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing. [Written also vice.]

VISE Vi*sé", n. Etym: [F. visé, p. p. of viser to put a visa to, fr. L. visus seen, p. p. of videre to see.]

Defn: An indorsement made on a passport by the proper authorities of certain countries on the continent of Europe, denoting that it has been examined, and that the person who bears it is permitted to proceed on his journey; a visa.

VISE
Vi*sé", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Viséed; p. pr. & vb. n. Viséing.]

Defn: To examine and indorse, as a passport; to visa.

VISHNU Vish"nu, n. Etym: [Skr. Vish, from vish to pervade., to extend through nature.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A divinity of the modern Hindoo trimurti, or trinity. He is regarded as the preserver, while Brahma is the creator, and Siva the destroyer of the creation.

VISIBILITY
Vis`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. visibilitas: cf. F. visibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being visible.

VISIBLE Vis"i*ble, a. Etym: [L. visibilis, fr. videre, visum, to see: cf. F. visible. See Vision.]

1. Perceivable by the eye; capable of being seen; perceptible; in view; as, a visible star; the least spot is visible on white paper. Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible. Bk. of Com. Prayer. Virtue made visible in outward grace. Young.

2. Noticeable; apparent; open; conspicuous. Shak. The factions at court were greater, or more visible, than before. Clarendon. Visible church (Theol.), the apparent church of Christ on earth; the whole body of professed believers in Christ, as contradistinguished from the invisible, or real, church, consisting of sanctified persons. — Visible horizon. Same as Apparent horizon, under Apparent. — Vis"i*ble*ness, n. — Vis"i*bly, adv.

VISIBLE SPEECH
Vis"i*ble speech". (Phon.)

Defn: A system of characters invented by Prof. Alexander Melville Bell to represent all sounds that may be uttered by the speech organs, and intended to be suggestive of the position of the organs of speech in uttering them.

VISIGOTH
Vis"i*goth, n. Etym: [L. Visegothae, pl. Cf. West, and Goth.]

Defn: One of the West Goths. See the Note under Goth.
— Vis`i*goth"ic, a.

VISION
Vi"sion, n. Etym: [OE. visioun, F. vision, fr. L. visio, from videre,
visum, to see: akin to Gr. wit. See Wit, v., and cf. Advice,
Clairvoyant, Envy, Evident, Provide, Revise, Survey, View, Visage,
Visit.]

1. The act of seeing external objects; actual sight. Faith here is turned into vision there. Hammond.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The faculty of seeing; sight; one of the five senses, by which colors and the physical qualities of external objects are appreciated as a result of the stimulating action of light on the sensitive retina, an expansion of the optic nerve.

3. That which is seen; an object of sight. Shak.

4. Especially, that which is seen otherwise than by the ordinary sight, or the rational eye; a supernatural, prophetic, or imaginary sight; an apparition; a phantom; a specter; as, the visions of Isaiah. The baseless fabric of this vision. Shak. No dreams, but visions strange. Sir P. Sidney.

5. Hence, something unreal or imaginary; a creation of fancy. Locke. Arc of vision (Astron.), the arc which measures the least distance from the sun at which, when the sun is below the horizon, a star or planet emerging from his rays becomes visible. — Beatific vision (Theol.), the immediate sight of God in heaven. — Direct vision (Opt.), vision when the image of the object falls directly on the yellow spot (see under Yellow); also, vision by means of rays which are not deviated from their original direction. — Field of vision, field of view. See under Field. — Indirect vision (Opt.), vision when the rays of light from an object fall upon the peripheral parts of the retina. — Reflected vision, or Refracted vision, vision by rays reflected from mirrors, or refracted by lenses or prisms, respectively. — Vision purple. (Physiol.) See Visual purple, under Visual.

VISION
Vi"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Visioned; p. pr. & vb. n. Visioning.]

Defn: To see in a vision; to dream. For them no visioned terrors daunt, Their nights no fancied specters haunt. Sir W. Scott.

VISIONAL
Vi"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vision.

VISIONARINESS
Vi"sion*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being visionary.

VISIONARY
Vi"sion*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. visionnaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to a visions or visions; characterized by, appropriate to, or favorable for, visions. The visionary hour When musing midnight reigns. Thomson.

2. Affected by phantoms; disposed to receive impressions on the imagination; given to reverie; apt to receive, and act upon, fancies as if they were realities. Or lull to rest the visionary maid. Pope.

3. Existing in imagination only; not real; fanciful; imaginary; having no solid foundation; as, visionary prospect; a visionary scheme or project. Swift.

Syn.
— Fanciful; fantastic; unreal. See Fanciful.

VISIONARY
Vi"sion*a*ry, n.; pl. Visionaries (.

1. One whose imagination is disturbed; one who sees visions or phantoms.

2. One whose imagination overpowers his reason and controls his judgment; an unpractical schemer; one who builds castles in the air; a daydreamer.

VISIONED
Vi"sioned, a.

Defn: Having the power of seeing visions; inspired; also, seen in visions. [R.] Shelley.

VISIONIST
Vi"sion*ist, n.

Defn: A visionary.

VISIONLESS
Vi"sion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of vision; sightless.

VISIT
Vis"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Visited; p. pr. & vb. n. Visiting.] Etym:
[F. visiter, L. visitare, fr. visere to go to see, to visit, fr.
videre, visum to see. See Vision.]

1. To go or come to see, as for the purpose of friendship, business, curiosity, etc.; to attend; to call upon; as, the physician visits his patient.

2. Specifically: To go or come to see for inspection, examination, correction of abuses, etc.; to examine, to inspect; as, a bishop visits his diocese; a superintendent visits persons or works under his charge.

3. (Script.)

Defn: To come to for the purpose of chastising, rewarding, comforting; to come upon with reward or retribution; to appear before or judge; as, to visit in mercy; to visit one in wrath. [God] hath visited and redeemed his people. Like i. 68.

VISIT
Vis"it, v. i.

Defn: To make a visit or visits; to maintain visiting relations; to practice calling on others.

VISIT
Vis"it, n. Etym: [Cf. F. visite. See Visit, v. t., and cf. Visite.]

1. The act of visiting, or going to see a person or thing; a brief stay of business, friendship, ceremony, curiosity, or the like, usually longer than a call; as, a visit of civility or respect; a visit to Saratoga; the visit of a physician.

2. The act of going to view or inspect; an official or formal inspection; examination; visitation; as, the visit of a trustee or inspector. Right of visit (Internat. Law), the right of visitation. See Visitation, 4.

VISITABLE
Vis"it*a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable or subject to be visited or inspected. "All hospitals built since the Reformation are visitable by the king or lord chancellor." Ayliffe.

VISITANT
Vis"it*ant, n. Etym: [L. visitans, -antis; p. pr.: cf. F. visitant.]

Defn: One who visits; a guest; a visitor.
When the visitant comes again, he is no more a stranger. South.

VISITANT
Vis"it*ant, a.

Defn: Visiting. Wordsworth.

VISITATION
Vis`it*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. visitatio: cf. F. visitation.]

1. The act of visiting, or the state of being visited; access for inspection or examination. Nothing but peace and gentle visitation. Shak.

2. Specifically: The act of a superior or superintending officer who, in the discharge of his office, visits a corporation, college, etc., to examine into the manner in which it is conducted, and see that its laws and regulations are duly observed and executed; as, the visitation of a diocese by a bishop.

3. The object of a visit. [Obs.] "O flowers, . . . my early visitation and my last." Milton.

4. (Internat. Law)

Defn: The act of a naval commander who visits, or enters on board, a vessel belonging to another nation, for the purpose of ascertaining her character and object, but without claiming or exercising a right of searching the vessel. It is, however, usually coupled with the right of search (see under Search), visitation being used for the purpose of search.

5. Special dispensation; communication of divine favor and goodness, or, more usually, of divine wrath and vengeance; retributive calamity; retribution; judgment. What will ye do in the day of visitation Isa. x. 3.

6. (Eccl.)

Defn: A festival in honor of the visit of the Virgin Mary to Elisabeth, mother of John the Baptist, celebrated on the second of July. The Order of the Visitation of Our Lady (R. C. Ch.), a religious community of nuns, founded at Annecy, in Savoy, in 1610, and in 1808 established in the United States. In America these nuns are devoted to the education of girls.

VISITATORIAL Vis`it*a*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. visitator a bishop temporarily put in place of another.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to visitation, or a judicial visitor or superintendent; visitorial. An archdeacon has visitatorial power. Ayliffe. The queen, however, still had over the church a visitatorial power of vast and undefined extent. Macaulay.

VISITE
Vi*site", n. Etym: [F. See Visit, n.]

Defn: A light cape or short cloak of silk or lace worn by women in summer.

VISITER
Vis"it*er, n.

Defn: A visitor.

VISITING
Vis"it*ing,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Visit. Visiting ant. (Zoöl.) See Driver ant,
under Driver.
— Visiting book, a book in which a record of visits received, made,
and to be made, is kept. Thackeray.
— Visiting card. See under Card.

VISITOR
Vis"it*or. Etym: [Cf. F. visiteur.] [Written also visiter.]

1. One who visits; one who comes or goes to see another, as in civility or friendship. "This great flood of visitors." Shak.

2. A superior, or a person lawfully appointed for the purpose, who makes formal visits of inspection to a corporation or an institution. See Visit, v. t., 2, and Visitation, n., 2. The king is the visitor of all lay corporations. Blackstone.

VISITORIAL
Vis`it*o"ri*al, a.

Defn: Same as Visitatorial.

VISIVE
Vi"sive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. visif, LL. visivus. See Vision.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the sight; visual. [Obs.] I can not satisfy myself how men should be so little surprised about this visive faculty. Berkeley.

VIS MAJOR
Vis ma"jor. [L. major greater.] (Law)

Defn: A superior force which under certain circumstances is held to exempt from contract obligations; inevitable accident; — a civil-law term used as nearly equivalent to, but broader than, the common-law term act of God (which see).

VISNE
Visne, n. Etym: [OF. visné, veisiné, visnet, neighborhood, LL.
vicinatus, fr. L. vicunus neighboring, a neighbor. See Vicinity.]
(Law)

Defn: Neighborhood; vicinity; venue. See Venue.

VISNOMY
Vis"no*my, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. physiognomy.]

Defn: Face; countenance. [Colloq.] Spenser. Lamb.

VISON
Vi"son, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The mink.

VISOR
Vis"or, n. Etym: [OE. visere, F. visière, fr. OF. vis. See Visage,
Vision.] [Written also visar, visard, vizard, and vizor.]

1. A part of a helmet, arranged so as to lift or open, and so show the face. The openings for seeing and breathing are generally in it.

2. A mask used to disfigure or disguise. "My very visor began to
assume life." Shak.
My weaker government since, makes you pull off the visor. Sir P.
Sidney.

3. The fore piece of a cap, projecting over, and protecting the eyes.

VISORED
Vis"ored, a.

Defn: Wearing a visor; masked.
Visored falsehood and base forgery. Milton.

VISTA Vis"ta, n.; pl. Vistas. Etym: [It., sight, view, fr. vedere, p. p. visto, veduto, to see, fr. L. videre, visum. See View, Vision.]

Defn: A view; especially, a view through or between intervening objects, as trees; a view or prospect through an avenue, or the like; hence, the trees or other objects that form the avenue. The finished garden to the view Its vistas opens, and its alleys green. Thomson. In the groves of their academy, at the end of every vista, you see nothing but the gallows. Burke. The shattered tower which now forms a vista from his window. Sir W. Scott.

VISTO
Vis"to, n.

Defn: A vista; a prospect. [R.] Gay.
Through the long visto of a thousand years. Young.

VISUAL Vis"u*al, a. Etym: [L. visualis, from visus a seeing, sight: cf. F. visuel. See Vision.]

1. Of or pertaining to sight; used in sight; serving as the instrument of seeing; as, the visual nerve. The air, Nowhere so clear, sharpened his visual ray. Milton.

2. That can be seen; visible. [R.] Visual angle. (Opt.) See under Angle. — Visual cone (Persp.), a cone whose vertex is at the point of sight, or the eye. — Visual plane, any plane passing through the point of sight. — Visual point, the point at which the visual rays unite; the position of the eye. — Visual purple (Physiol.), a photochemical substance, of a purplish red color, contained in the retina of human eyes and in the eyes of most animals. It is quickly bleached by light, passing through the colors, red, orange, and yellow, and then disappearing. Also called rhodopsin, and vision purple. See Optography. — Visual ray, a line from the eye, or point of sight. — Visual white (Physiol.), the final product in the action of light on visual purple. It is reconverted into visual purple by the regenerating action of the choroidal epithelium. — Visual yellow (Physiol.), a product intermediate between visual purple and visual white, formed in the photochemical action of light on visual purple.

VISUALIZE
Vis"u*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make visual, or visible; to see in fancy. [Written also
visualise.]
No one who has not seen them [glaciers] can possibly visualize them.
Lubbock.

VISUALIZER
Vis"u*al*iz`er, n.

Defn: One who visualizes or is proficient in visualization; esp.
(Physiol.),

Defn: one whose mental imagery is prevailingly visualization.

VITAILLE
Vi*taille, n. Etym: [See Victuals.]

Defn: Food; victuals. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. Chaucer.

VITAL Vi"tal, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. vitalis, fr. vita life; akin to vivere to live. See Vivid.]

1. Belonging or relating to life, either animal or vegetable; as, vital energies; vital functions; vital actions.

2. Contributing to life; necessary to, or supporting, life; as, vital
blood.
Do the heavens afford him vital food Spenser.
And vital virtue infused, and vital warmth. Milton.

3. Containing life; living. "Spirits that live throughout, vital in every part." Milton.

4. Being the seat of life; being that on which life depends; mortal. The dart flew on, and pierced a vital part. Pope.

5. Very necessary; highly important; essential. A competence is vital to content. Young.

6. Capable of living; in a state to live; viable. [R.] Pythagoras and Hippocrates . . . affirm the birth of the seventh month to be vital. Sir T. Browne. Vital air, oxygen gas; — so called because essential to animal life. [Obs.] — Vital capacity (Physiol.), the breathing capacity of the lungs; — expressed by the number of cubic inches of air which can be forcibly exhaled after a full inspiration. — Vital force. (Biol.) See under Force. The vital forces, according to Cope, are nerve force (neurism), growth force (bathmism), and thought force (phrenism), all under the direction and control of the vital principle. Apart from the phenomena of consciousness, vital actions no longer need to be considered as of a mysterious and unfathomable character, nor vital force as anything other than a form of physical energy derived from, and convertible into, other well- known forces of nature. — Vital functions (Physiol.), those functions or actions of the body on which life is directly dependent, as the circulation of the blood, digestion, etc. — Vital principle, an immaterial force, to which the functions peculiar to living beings are ascribed. — Vital statistics, statistics respecting the duration of life, and the circumstances affecting its duration. — Vital tripod. (Physiol.) See under Tripod. — Vital vessels (Bot.), a name for latex tubes, now disused. See Latex.

VITAL
Vi"tal, n.

Defn: A vital part; one of the vitals. [R.]

VITALIC
Vi*tal"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to life; vital. [R.]

VITALISM
Vi"tal*ism, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The doctrine that all the functions of a living organism are due to an unknown vital principle distinct from all chemical and physical forces.

VITALIST
Vi`tal*ist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory of vitalism; — opposed to physicist.

VITALISTIC
Vi`tal*is"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or involving, vitalism, or the theory of a special vital principle.

VITALITY
Vi*tal"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vitalitas: cf. F. vitalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vital; the principle of life; vital force; animation; as, the vitality of eggs or vegetable seeds; the vitality of an enterprise.

VITALIZATION
Vi`tal*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of vitalizing, or infusing the vital principle.

VITALIZE
Vi"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vitalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. vitaliser.]

Defn: To endow with life, or vitality; to give life to; to make alive; as, vitalized blood.

VITALLY
Vi"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: In a vital manner.

VITALS
Vi"tals, n. pl.

1. Organs that are necessary for life; more especially, the heart, lungs, and brain.

2. Fig.: The part essential to the life or health of anything; as, the vitals of a state. "The vitals of the public body." Glanvill.

VITASCOPE
Vi"ta*scope, n. [L. vita life + -scope.]

Defn: A form of machine for exhibiting animated pictures.

VITELLARY Vit"el*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. vitellus a little calf, the yolk of an egg.] (Biol.)

Defn: Vitelline.

VITELLIGENOUS
Vit`el*lig"e*nous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing yolk, or vitelline substance; — applied to certain cells (also called nutritive, or yolk, cells) formed in the ovaries of many insects, and supposed to supply nutriment to the developing ova.

VITELLIN
Vi*tel"lin, n. Etym: [See Vitellus.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An albuminous body, belonging to the class of globulins, obtained from yolk of egg, of which it is the chief proteid constituent, and from the seeds of many plants. From the latter it can be separated in crystalline form.

VITELLINE
Vi*tel"line, a. Etym: [L. vitellus the yolk of an egg.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the yolk of eggs; as, the vitelline membrane, a smooth, transparent membrane surrounding the vitellus.

VITELLOGENE
Vi*tel"lo*gene, n. Etym: [See Vitellus, and -gen.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gland secreting the yolk of the eggs in trematodes, turbellarians, and some other helminths.

VITELLUS
Vi*tel"lus, n. Etym: [L., the yolk of an egg.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The contents or substance of the ovum; egg yolk. See Illust. of
Ovum.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Perisperm in an early condition.

VITIATE
Vi"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Vitiating.]
Etym: [L. vitiatus, p. p. vitiare to vitiate, fr. vitium a fault,
vice. See Vice a fault.] [Written also viciate.]

1. To make vicious, faulty, or imperfect; to render defective; to injure the substance or qualities of; to impair; to contaminate; to spoil; as, exaggeration vitiates a style of writing; sewer gas vitiates the air. A will vitiated and growth out of love with the truth disposes the understanding to error and delusion. South. Without care it may be used to vitiate our minds. Burke. This undistinguishing complaisance will vitiate the taste of readers. Garth.

2. To cause to fail of effect, either wholly or in part; to make void; to destroy, as the validity or binding force of an instrument or transaction; to annul; as, any undue influence exerted on a jury vitiates their verdict; fraud vitiates a contract.

VITIATION
Vi`ti*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vitiatio.]

Defn: The act of vitiating, or the state of being vitiated; depravation; corruption; invalidation; as, the vitiation of the blood; the vitiation of a contract. The vitiation that breeds evil acts. G. Eliot.

VITICULOSE
Vi*tic"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. viticula, dim. of vitis vine.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having long and slender trailing stems.

VITICULTURAL
Vit`i*cul"tur*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to viticulture.

VITICULTURE
Vit"i*cul`ture, n. Etym: [L. vitis vine + E. culture.]

Defn: The cultivation of the vine; grape growing.

VITICULTURIST
Vit`i*cul"tur*ist, n.

Defn: One engaged in viticulture.

VITILIGO Vit`i*li"go, n. Etym: [L., a kind of tetter, fr. vitium blemish, vice.] (Med.)

Defn: A rare skin disease consisting in the development of smooth, milk-white spots upon various parts of the body.

VITILITIGATE Vit`i*lit"i*gate, v. i. Etym: [L. vitilitigare to quarrel disgracefully; vitium vice + litigare to quarrel.]

Defn: To contend in law litigiously or cavilously. [Obs.]

VITILITIGATION
Vit`i*lit`i*ga"tion, n.

Defn: Cavilous litigation; cavillation. [Obs.] Hudibras.

VITIOSITY
Vi`ti*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vitiositas. See Vicious.]

Defn: Viciousness; depravity.
The perverseness and vitiosity of man's will. South.

VITIOUS; VITIOUSLY; VITIOUSNESS
Vi"tious, a., Vi"tious*ly, adv., Vi"tious*ness, n.

Defn: See Vicious, Viciously, Viciousness.

VITIS
Vi"tis, n. Etym: [L., a vine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including all true grapevines.

VITOE
Vi"to*e, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Durukuli.

VITRAGE
Vit"rage, n. [F., prop., glazing, glass window.]

Defn: A curtain of light and translucent material intended to be secured directly to the woodwork of a French casement window or a glazed door.

VITRELLA
Vi*trel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. vitrum glass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the transparent lenslike cells in the ocelli of certain arthropods.

VITREO-ELECTIC
Vit`re*o-e*lec"tic, a. Etym: [See Vitreous, and Electric.] (Physics)

Defn: Containing or exhibiting positive, or vitreous, electricity.

VITREOUS Vit"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. vitreous, from vitrum glass; perhaps akin to videre to see (see Vision). Cf. Varnish.]

1. Consisting of, or resembling, glass; glassy; as, vitreous rocks.

2. Of or pertaining to glass; derived from glass; as, vitreous electricity. Vitreous body (Anat.), the vitreous humor. See the Note under Eye. — Vitreous electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity excited by rubbing glass with certain substances, as silk; positive electricity; — opposed to resinous, or negative, electricity. — Vitreous humor. (Anat.) See the Note under Eye. — Vitreous sponge (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of siliceous sponges having, often fibrous, glassy spicules which are normally six-rayed; a hexactinellid sponge. See Venus's basket, under Venus.

VITREOUSNESS
Vit"re*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vitreous.

VITRESCENCE
Vi*tres"cence, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vitreous; glassiness, or the quality of being vitrescent; capability of conversion into glass; susceptibility of being formed into glass. Kirwan.

VITRESCENT
Vi*tres"cent, a. Etym: [See Vitreous.]

Defn: Capable of being formed into glass; tending to become glass.

VITRESCIBLE
Vi*tres"ci*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vitrescible.]

Defn: That may be vitrified; vitrifiable.

VITRIC
Vit"ric, a. Etym: [L. vitrum glass.]

Defn: Having the nature and qualities of glass; glasslike; — distinguished from ceramic.

VITRICS
Vit"rics, n. [See Vitric.]

1. The art or study of the manufacture and decoration of glassware.

2. pl. Articles of glassware, glassware in general.

VITRIFACTION
Vit`ri*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. Vitrification.]

Defn: The act, art, or process of vitrifying; also, the state of being vitrified.

VITRIFACTURE Vit`ri*fac"ture, n. Etym: [L. vitrum glass + facere, factum, to make.]

Defn: The manufacture of glass and glassware.

VITRIFIABLE
Vit"ri*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vitrifiable.]

Defn: Capable of being vitrified, or converted into glass by heat and fusion; as, flint and alkalies are vitrifiable.

VITRIFICABLE
Vi*trif"i*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Vitrifiable. [Obs.]

VITRIFICATE
Vit"ri*fi*cate, v. t.

Defn: To convert into glass; to vitrify. [Obs.] Bacon.

VITRIFICATION
Vit`ri*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Vitrify.]

Defn: Same as Vitrifaction. Sir T. Browne. Ure.

VITRIFIED
Vit"ri*fied, a.

Defn: Converted into glass.

VITRIFORM
Vit"ri*form, a. Etym: [L. vitrum glass + -form.]

Defn: Having the form or appearance of glass; resembling glass; glasslike.

VITRIFY
Vit"ri*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitrified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vitrifying.] Etym: [F. vitrifier; L. vitrum glass + -ficare to make.
See Vitreous, -fy.]

Defn: To convert into, or cause to resemble, glass or a glassy substance, by heat and fusion.

VITRIFY
Vit"ri*fy, v. t.

Defn: To become glass; to be converted into glass. Chymists make vessels of animal substances, calcined, which will not vitrify in the fire. Arbuthnot.

VITRINA
Vi*tri"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. vitrum glass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of terrestrial gastropods, having transparent, very thin, and delicate shells, — whence the name.

VITRINE
Vit"rine, n. [F.]

Defn: A glass show case for displaying fine wares, specimens, etc.

VITRIOL Vit"ri*ol, n. Etym: [F. vitriol; cf. Pr. vitriol, vetriol, Sp. & Pg. vitriolo, It. vitriuolo; fr. L. vitreolus of glass, vitreus vitreous. See Vitreous.] (Chem.) (a) A sulphate of any one of certain metals, as copper, iron, zinc, cobalt. So called on account of the glassy appearance or luster. (b) Sulphuric acid; — called also oil of vitriol. So called because first made by the distillation of green vitriol. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric. [Colloq.] Blue vitriol. See under Blue. — Green vitriol, ferrous sulphate; copperas. See under Green. — Oil of vitriol, sulphuric or vitriolic acid; — popularly so called because it has the consistency of oil. — Red vitriol, a native sulphate of cobalt. — Vitriol of Mars, ferric sulphate, a white crystalline substance which dissolves in water, forming a red solution. — White vitriol, zinc sulphate, a white crystalline substance used in medicine and in dyeing. It is usually obtained by dissolving zinc in sulphuric acid, or by roasting and oxidizing certain zinc ores. Formerly called also vitriol of zinc.

VITRIOLATE Vit"ri*o*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vitriolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Vitriolating.] (Old Chem.) (a) To convert into, or change to, a vitriol; to make into sulphuric acid or a sulphate. (b) To subject to the action of, or impregnate with, vitriol.

VITRIOLATE
Vit"ri*o*late, a.

Defn: Vitriolated. [R.]

VITRIOLATE
Vit"ri*o*late, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A sulphate.

VITRIOLATED
Vit"ri*o*la`ted, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Changed into a vitriol or a sulphate, or subjected to the action of sulphuric acid or of a sulphate; as, vitriolated potash, i. e., potassium sulphate.

VITRIOLATION
Vit`ri*o*la"tion, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of vitriolating.

VITRIOLIC
Vit`ri*ol"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vitriolique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to vitriol; derived from, or resembling, vitriol; vitriolous; as, a vitriolic taste. Cf. Vitriol. Vitriolic acid (Old Chem.), (a) sulphuric acid. See Vitriol (b). [Colloq.]

VITRIOLIZABLE
Vit"ri*ol*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being converted into a vitriol.

VITRIOLIZATION
Vit`ri*ol*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vitriolisation.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act of vitriolizing, or the state of being vitriolized; vitriolation.

VITRIOLIZE
Vit"ri*ol*ize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. vitrioliser.]

Defn: To convert into a vitriol; to vitriolate.

VITRIOLOUS
Vi*tri"o*lous, a.

Defn: See Vitriolic. [Obs.]

VITRITE
Vit"rite, n. Etym: [L. vitrum glass.]

Defn: A kind of glass which is very hard and difficult to fuse, used as an insulator in electrical lamps and other apparatus.

VITRO-DI-TRINA
Vit"ro-di-tri"na, n. [It. vetro di trina glass of lace.]

Defn: A kind of Venetian glass or glassware in which white threads are embedded in transparent glass with a lacelike or netlike effect.

VITRUVIAN
Vi*tru"vi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Vitruvius, an ancient Roman architect. Vitruvian scroll (Arch.), a name given to a peculiar pattern of scrollwork, consisting of convolved undulations. It is used in classical architecture. Oxf. Gloss.

VITTA
Vit"ta, n.; pl. Vittæ. Etym: [L. vitta ribbon, fillet.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the oil tubes in the fruit of umbelliferous plants.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A band, or stripe, of color.

VITTATE Vit"tate, a. Etym: [L. vittatus bound with a fillet, fr. vitta fillet.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing or containing vittæ.

2. Striped longitudinally.

VITULINE
Vit"u*line, a. Etym: [L. vitulinus, fr. vitulus a calf. See Veal.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a calf or veal.

VITUPERABLE
Vi*tu"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. vituperabilis: cf. F. vitupérable.]

Defn: Liable to, or deserving, vituperation, or severe censure.

VITUPERATE Vi*tu"per*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. vituperatus, p. p. of vituperare to blame, vituperate; vitium a fault + parare to prepare. See Vice a fault, and Pare, v. t.]

Defn: To find fault with; to scold; to overwhelm with wordy abuse; to censure severely or abusively; to rate.

VITUPERATION
Vi*tu`per*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vituperatio: cf. OF. vituperation. See
Vituperate.]

Defn: The act of vituperating; abuse; severe censure; blame. When a man becomes untractable and inaccessible by fierceness and pride, then vituperation comes upon him. Donne.

VITUPERATIVE
Vi*tu"per*a*tive, a.

Defn: Uttering or writing censure; containing, or characterized by, abuse; scolding; abusive. — Vi*tu"per*a*tive*ly, adv. Vituperative appellations derived from their real or supposed ill qualities. B. Jonson.

VITUPERATOR
Vi*tu"per*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who vituperates, or censures abusively.

VITUPERRIOUS
Vi`tu*per"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Worthy of vituperation; shameful; disgraceful. [Obs.]

VIVACE
Vi*va"ce, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Brisk; vivacious; with spirit; — a direction to perform a passage in a brisk and lively manner.

VIVACIOUS
Vi*va"cious, a. Etym: [L. vívax, -acis, fr. vivere to live. See
Vivid.]

1. Having vigorous powers of life; tenacious of life; long-lived. [Obs.] Hitherto the English bishops have been vivacious almost to wonder. . . . But five died for the first twenty years of her [Queen Elizabeth's] reign. Fuller. The faith of Christianity is far more vivacious than any mere ravishment of the imagination can ever be. I. Taylor.

2. Sprightly in temper or conduct; lively; merry; as, a vivacious poet. "Vivacious nonsense." V. Knox.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Living through the winter, or from year to year; perennial.
[R.]

Syn.
— Sprightly; active; animated; sportive; gay; merry; jocund; light-
hearted.
— Vi*va"cious*ly, adv.
— Vi*va"cious*ness, n.

VIVACITY
Vi*vac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. vivicitas: cf. F. vivacité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being vivacious. Specifically: — (a) Tenacity of life; vital force; natural vigor. [Obs.] The vivacity of some of these pensioners is little less than a miracle, they lived so long. Fuller.

(b) Life; animation; spiritedness; liveliness; sprightliness; as, the vivacity of a discourse; a lady of great vivacity; vivacity of countenance.

Syn.
— Liveliness; gayety. See Liveliness.

VIVANDIER Vi`van`dier", n. [OF. & F. vivandier, fr. LL. vivanda, vivenda, provisions. Cf. Viand.]

Defn: In Continental armies, esp. the French, a sutler.

VIVANDIERE
Vi`van`dière", n. Etym: [F. See Viand.]

Defn: In Continental armies, especially in the French army, a woman accompanying a regiment, who sells provisions and liquor to the soldiers; a female sutler.

VIVARIUM
Vi*va"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Vivariums, L. Vivaria. Etym: [L., fr.
vivarius belonging to living creatures, fr. vivus alive, living. See
Vivid.]

Defn: A place artificially arranged for keeping or raising living animals, as a park, a pond, an aquarium, a warren, etc.

VIVARY
Vi"va*ry, n.; pl. Vivaries (.

Defn: A vivarium. "That . . . vivary of fowls and beasts." Donne.

VIVA VOCE
Vi"va vo"ce. Etym: [L.]

Defn: By word of mouth; orally.

VIVDA
Viv"da, n.

Defn: See Vifda.

VIVE Vive (vev). Etym: [F., imperative sing. pres. fr. vivre to live, L. vivere.]

Defn: Long live, that is, success to; as, vive le roi, long live the king; vive la bagatelle, success to trifles or sport.

VIVE
Vive (viv), a. Etym: [L. vivus: cf. F. vif. See Vivid.]

Defn: Lively; animated; forcible. [Obs.] Bacon.

VIVELY
Vive"ly, adv.

Defn: In a lively manner. [Obs.]
If I see a thing vively represented on the stage. B. Jonson.

VIVENCY
Vi"ven*cy, n. Etym: [L. vivens, p. pr. of vivere to live.]

Defn: Manner of supporting or continuing life or vegetation. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

VIVERRA
Vi*ver"ra, n. Etym: [L., a ferret.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of carnivores which comprises the civets.

VIVERRINE
Vi*ver"rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Viverridæ, or Civet family.

VIVERS
Vi"vers, n. pl. Etym: [F. vivres, pl. of vivre, orig., to live.]

Defn: Provisions; victuals. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
I 'll join you at three, if the vivers can tarry so long. Sir W.
Scott.

VIVES Vives, n. Etym: [OF. vives, F. avives (cf. Sp. abivas, adiva) fr. Ar. ad-dhiba. Cf. Fives vives.] (Far.)

Defn: A disease of brute animals, especially of horses, seated in the glands under the ear, where a tumor is formed which sometimes ends in suppuration.

VIVIANITE Viv"i*an*ite, n. Etym: [So called by Werner after the English mineralogist F. G. Vivian.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of iron of a blue to green color, growing darker on exposure. It occurs in monoclinic crystals, also fibrous, massive, and earthy.

VIVID Viv"id, a. Etym: [L. vividus, from vivere to life; akin to vivus living. See Quick, a., and cf. Revive, Viand, Victuals, Vital.]

1. True to the life; exhibiting the appearance of life or freshness; animated; spirited; bright; strong; intense; as, vivid colors. In dazzling streaks the vivid lightnings play. Cowper. Arts which present, with all the vivid charms of painting, the human face and human form divine. Bp. Hobart.

2. Forming brilliant images, or painting in lively colors; lively; sprightly; as, a vivid imagination. Body is a fit workhouse for sprightly, vivid faculties to exercise . . . themselves in. South.

Syn.
— Clear; lucid; bright; strong; striking; lively; quick; sprightly;
active.
— Viv"id*ly, adv.
— Viv"id*ness, n.

VIVIDITY
Vi*vid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being vivid; vividness. [R.]

VIVIFIC; VIVIFICAL
Vi*vif"ic, Vi*vif"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. vivificus: cf. F. vivifique.
See Vivify.]

Defn: Giving life; reviving; enlivening. [R.]

VIVIFICATE
Vi*vif"i*cate, v. t. Etym: [L. vivificatus, p. p. vivificare. See
Vivify.]

1. To give life to; to animate; to revive; to vivify. [R.] God vivificates and actuates the whole world. Dr. H. More.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring back a metal to the metallic form, as from an oxide or solution; to reduce. [Obs.]

VIVIFICATION
Viv`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vivificatio: cf. vivification.]

1. The act of vivifying, or the state of being vivified; restoration of life; revival. Bacon.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: One of the changes of assimilation, in which proteid matter which has been transformed, and made a part of the tissue or tissue cells, is endowed with life, and thus enabled to manifest the phenomena of irritability, contractility, etc. McKendrick.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of vivificating. [Obs.]

VIVIFICATIVE
Viv"i*fi*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Able or tending to vivify, animate, or give life; vivifying.

VIVIFY
Viv"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vivified; p. pr. & vb. n. Vivifying.]
Etym: [F. vivifier, L. vivificare. See Vivid, -fy; cf. Vivificate.]

Defn: To endue with life; to make to be living; to quicken; to
animate.
Sitting on eggs doth vivify, not nourish. Bacon.

VIVIPARA
Vi*vip"a*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Viviparous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial division of vertebrates including those that produce their young alive; — opposed to Ovipara.

VIVIPARITY
Viv`i*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or condition of being viviparous. H. Spencer.

VIVIPAROUS Vi*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. viviparus; vivus alive + parere to bear, bring forth. Cf. Viper.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing young in a living state, as most mammals, or as those plants the offspring of which are produced alive, either by bulbs instead of seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on the plant, instead of falling, as they usually do; — opposed to oviparous. Viviparous fish. (Zoöl.) See Embiotocoid. — Viviparous shell (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of operculated fresh-water gastropods belonging to Viviparus, Melantho, and allied genera. Their young, when born, have a well-developed spiral shell.

VIVIPAROUSLY
Vi*vip"a*rous*ly, adv. (Biol.)

Defn: In a viviparous manner.

VIVIPAROUSNESS
Vi*vip"a*rous*ness, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The quality of being viviparous; viviparity.

VIVISECT
Viv"i*sect`, v. t.

Defn: To perform vivisection upon; to dissect alive. [Colloq.] Pop.
Sci. Monthly.

VIVISECTION Viv`i*sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. vivus alive + E. section: cf. F. vivisection. See Vivid, and Section.]

Defn: The dissection of an animal while alive, for the purpose of making physiological investigations.

VIVISECTIONAL
Viv`i*sec"tion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to vivisection.

VIVISECTIONIST
Viv`i*sec"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who practices or advocates vivisection; a vivisector.

VIVISECTOR
Viv`i*sec"tor, n.

Defn: A vivisectionist.

VIXEN
Vix"en, n. Etym: [AS. fixen a she-fox, for fyxen, fem. of fox. See
Fox.]

1. A female fox. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. A cross, ill-tempered person; — formerly used of either sex, now only of a woman. Barrow. She was a vixen when she went to school. Shak.

VIXENISH
Vix"en*ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a vixen; resembling a vixen.

VIXENLY
Vix"en*ly, a.

Defn: Like a vixen; vixenish. Barrow.

VIZ
Viz, adv. Etym: [Contr. fr. videlicet.]

Defn: To wit; that is; namely.

VIZARD
Viz"ard, n. Etym: [See Visor.]

Defn: A mask; a visor. [Archaic] "A grotesque vizard." Sir W. Scott.
To mislead and betray them under the vizard of law. Milton.

VIZARDED
Viz"ard*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a vizard. [R.] Shak.

VIZCACHA
Viz*ca"cha, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Viscacha.

VIZIER
Viz"ier, n. Etym: [Ar. wezir, wazir, properly, a bearer of burdens, a
porter, from wazara to bear a burden: cf. F. vizir, visir. Cf.
Alguazil.]

Defn: A councilor of state; a high executive officer in Turkey and other Oriental countries. [Written also visier, vizir, and vizer.] Grand vizier, the chief minister of the Turkish empire; — called also vizier-azem.

VIZIERATE
Viz"ier*ate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vizirat.]

Defn: The office, dignity, or authority of a vizier.

VIZIER-AZEM
Vi*zier`-a*zem", n. Etym: [Ar. azam great. See Vizier.]

Defn: A grand vizier. See under Vizier.

VIZIERIAL
Vi*zier"i*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vizirial.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or issued by, a vizier. [Written also vizirial.]

VIZIR
Vi*zir", n.

Defn: See Vizier.

VIZOR
Viz"or, n.

Defn: See Visor.

VLISSMAKI
Vliss*ma"ki, n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The diadem indris. See Indris.

V MOTH
V" moth`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common gray European moth (Halia vauaria) having a V-shaped spot of dark brown on each of the fore wings.

VOCABLE
Vo"ca*ble, n. Etym: [L. vocabulum an appellation, designation, name,
fr. vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, a voice, a word: cf. F. vocable.
See Voice.]

Defn: A word; a term; a name; specifically, a word considered as composed of certain sounds or letters, without regard to its meaning. Swamped near to drowning in a tide of ingenious vocables. Carlyle.

VOCABULARY Vo*cab"u*la*ry, n.; pl. Vocabularies. Etym: [LL. vocabularium, vocabularius: cf. F. vocabulaire. See Vocable.]

1. A list or collection of words arranged in alphabetical order and explained; a dictionary or lexicon, either of a whole language, a single work or author, a branch of science, or the like; a word-book.

2. A sum or stock of words employed. His vocabulary seems to have been no larger than was necessary for the transaction of business. Macaulay.

VOCABULIST
Vo*cab"u*list, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vocabuliste.]

Defn: The writer or maker of a vocabulary; a lexicographer.

VOCAL
Vo"cal, a. Etym: [L. vocalis, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F. vocal.
See Voice, and cf. Vowel.]

1. Of or pertaining to the voice or speech; having voice; endowed with utterance; full of voice, or voices. To hill or valley, fountain, or fresh shade, Made vocal by my song. Milton.

2. Uttered or modulated by the voice; oral; as, vocal melody; vocal prayer. "Vocal worship." Milton.

3. Of or pertaining to a vowel or voice sound; also,

4. (Phon.) (a) Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng; sonant; intonated; voiced. See Voice, and Vowel, also Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 199-202. (b) Of or pertaining to a vowel; having the character of a vowel; vowel. Vocal cords or chords. (Anat.) See Larynx, and the Note under Voice, n., 1. — Vocal fremitus Etym: [L. fremitus a dull roaring or murmuring] (Med.), the perceptible vibration of the chest wall, produced by the transmission of the sonorous vibrations during the act of using the voice. — Vocal music, music made by the voice, in distinction from instrumental music; hence, music or tunes set to words, to be performed by the human voice. — Vocal tube (Anat.), the part of the air passages above the inferior ligaments of the larynx, including the passages through the nose and mouth.

VOCAL
Vo"cal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vocal, LL. vocalis.]

1. (Phon.)

Defn: A vocal sound; specifically, a purely vocal element of speech, unmodified except by resonance; a vowel or a diphthong; a tonic element; a tonic; — distinguished from a subvocal, and a nonvocal.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A man who has a right to vote in certain elections.

VOCALIC
Vo*cal"ic, a. Etym: [L. vocalis (sc. littera) a vowel. See Vocal, a.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to vowel sounds; consisting of the vowel
sounds. Earle.
The Gaelic language being uncommonly vocalic. Sir W. Scott.

VOCALISM
Vo"cal*ism, n.

1. The exercise of the vocal organs; vocalization.

2. A vocalic sound. [R.]

VOCALIST
Vo"cal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. vocaliste.]

Defn: A singer, or vocal musician, as opposed to an instrumentalist.

VOCALITY
Vo*cal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. L. vocalitas euphony.]

1. The quality or state of being vocal; utterableness; resonance; as, the vocality of the letters.

2. The quality of being a vowel; vocalic character.

VOCALIZATION
Vo`cal*i*za"tion, n.

1. The act of vocalizing, or the state of being vocalized.

2. The formation and utterance of vocal sounds.

VOCALIZE
Vo"cal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vocalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vocalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. vocaliser.]

1. To form into voice; to make vocal or sonant; to give intonation or resonance to. It is one thing to give an impulse to breath alone, another thing to vocalize that breath. Holder.

2. To practice singing on the vowel sounds.

VOCALLY
Vo"cal*ly, adv.

1. In a vocal manner; with voice; orally; with audible sound.

2. In words; verbally; as, to express desires vocally.

VOCALNESS
Vo"cal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being vocal; vocality.

VOCATION Vo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. vocatio a bidding, invitation, fr. vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice: cf. F. vocation. See Vocal.]

1. A call; a summons; a citation; especially, a designation or appointment to a particular state, business, or profession. What can be urged for them who not having the vocation of poverty to scribble, out of mere wantonness make themselves ridiculous Dryden.

2. Destined or appropriate employment; calling; occupation; trade; business; profession. He would think his service greatly rewarded, if he might obtain by that means to live in the sight of his prince, and yet practice his own chosen vocation. Sir. P. Sidney.

3. (Theol.)

Defn: A calling by the will of God. Specifically: — (a) The bestowment of God's distinguishing grace upon a person or nation, by which that person or nation is put in the way of salvation; as, the vocation of the Jews under the old dispensation, and of the Gentiles under the gospel. "The golden chain of vocation, election, and justification." Jer. Taylor. (b) A call to special religious work, as to the ministry. Every member of the same [the Church], in his vocation and ministry. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

VOCATIVE
Voc"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. vocativus, fr. vocare to call.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to calling; used in calling; specifically (Gram.), used in address; appellative; — said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed; as, Domine, O Lord.

VOCATIVE
Voc"a*tive, n. Etym: [L. vocativus (sc. casus): cf. F. vocatif.]
(Gram.)

Defn: The vocative case.

VOCIFERANCE
Vo*cif"er*ance, n.

Defn: Vociferation; noise; clamor. [R.] R. Browning.

VOCIFERANT
Vo*cif"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. vociferans, p. pr.]

Defn: Noisy; clamorous. Gauden. R. Browning.

VOCIFERATE Vo*cif"er*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. vociferatus, p. p. vociferari to vociferate; vox, vocis, voice + ferre to bear. See Voice, and Bear to carry.]

Defn: To cry out with vehemence; to exclaim; to bawl; to clamor.
Cowper.

VOCIFERATE
Vo*cif"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vociferated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Vociferating.]

Defn: To utter with a loud voice; to shout out.
Though he may vociferate the word liberty. V. Knox.

VOCIFERATION
Vo*cif`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. vociferatio: cf. F. vocifération.]

Defn: The act of vociferating; violent outcry; vehement utterance of
the voice.
Violent gesture and vociferation naturally shake the hearts of the
ignorant. Spectator.
Plaintive strains succeeding the vociferations of emotion or of pain.
Byron.

VOCIFERATOR
Vo*cif"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who vociferates, or is clamorous. [R.]

VOCIFEROUS
Vo*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. vocifère.]

Defn: Making a loud outcry; clamorous; noisy; as, vociferous heralds.
— Vo*cif"er*ous*ly, adv.
— Vo*cif"er*ous*ness, n.

VOCULE
Voc"ule, n. Etym: [L. vocula, dim. of vox, vocis, voice.] (Phon.)

Defn: A short or weak utterance; a faint or feeble sound, as that heard on separating the lips in pronouncing p or b. Rush. — Voc"u*lar, a.

VODANIUM
Vo*da"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A supposed element, afterward found to be a mixture of several metals, as copper, iron, lead, nickel, etc.

VODKA
Vod"ka, n. Etym: [Russ.]

Defn: A Russian drink distilled from rye.

VOE
Voe, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel ver sea, vöar a fenced-in landing place.]

Defn: An inlet, bay, or creek; — so called in the Orkney and
Shetland Islands. Jamieson.

VOGLE
Vo"gle, n. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Vugg.

VOGUE Vogue, n. Etym: [F. vogue a rowing, vogue, fashion, It. voga, fr. vogare to row, to sail; probably fr. OHG. wag to move, akin to E. way. Cf. Way.]

1. The way or fashion of people at any particular time; temporary mode, custom, or practice; popular reception for the time; — used now generally in the phrase in vogue. One vogue, one vein, One air of thoughts usurps my brain. Herbert. Whatsoever its vogue may be, I still flatter myself that the parents of the growing generation will be satisfied with what Burke. Use may revive the obsoletest words, And banish those that now are most in vogue. Roscommon.

2. Influence; power; sway. [Obs.] Strype.

VOICE
Voice, n. Etym: [OE. vois, voys, OF. vois, voiz, F. voix, L. vox,
vocis, akin to Gr. vac to say, to speak, G. erwähnen to mention. Cf.
Advocate, Advowson, Avouch, Convoke, Epic, Vocal, Vouch, Vowel.]

1. Sound uttered by the mouth, especially that uttered by human beings in speech or song; sound thus uttered considered as possessing some special quality or character; as, the human voice; a pleasant voice; a low voice. He with a manly voice saith his message. Chaucer. Her voice was ever soft, Gentle, and low; an excellent thing in woman. Shak. Thy voice is music. Shak. Join thy voice unto the angel choir. Milton.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Sound of the kind or quality heard in speech or song in the consonants b, v, d, etc., and in the vowels; sonant, or intonated, utterance; tone; — distinguished from mere breath sound as heard in f, s, sh, etc., and also whisper.

Note: Voice, in this sense, is produced by vibration of the so-called vocal cords in the larynx (see Illust. of Larynx) which act upon the air, not in the manner of the strings of a stringed instrument, but as a pair of membranous tongues, or reeds, which, being continually forced apart by the outgoing current of breath, and continually brought together again by their own elasticity and muscular tension, break the breath current into a series of puffs, or pulses, sufficiently rapid to cause the sensation of tone. The power, or loudness, of such a tone depends on the force of the separate pulses, and this is determined by the pressure of the expired air, together with the resistance on the part of the vocal cords which is continually overcome. Its pitch depends on the number of aërial pulses within a given time, that is, on the rapidity of their succession. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 5, 146, 155.

3. The tone or sound emitted by anything.
After the fire a still small voice. 1 Kings xix. 12.
Canst thou thunder with a voice like him Job xl. 9.
The floods have lifted up their voice. Ps. xciii. 3.
O Marcus, I am warm'd; my heart Leaps at the trumpet's voice.
Addison.

4. The faculty or power of utterance; as, to cultivate the voice.

5. Language; words; speech; expression; signification of feeling or opinion. I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice; for I stand in doubt of you. Gal. iv. 20. My voice is in my sword. Shak. Let us call on God in the voice of his church. Bp. Fell.

6. Opinion or choice expressed; judgment; a vote. Sic. How now, my masters! have you chose this man 1 Cit. He has our voices, sir. Shak. Some laws ordain, and some attend the choice Of holy senates, and elect by voice. Dryden.

7. Command; precept; — now chiefly used in scriptural language. So shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the Lord your God. Deut. viii. 20.

8. One who speaks; a speaker. "A potent voice of Parliament." Tennyson.

9. (Gram.)

Defn: A particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses. Active voice (Gram.), that form of the verb by which its subject is represented as the agent or doer of the action expressed by it. — Chest voice (Phon.), a kind of voice of a medium or low pitch and of a sonorous quality ascribed to resonance in the chest, or thorax; voice of the thick register. It is produced by vibration of the vocal cords through their entire width and thickness, and with convex surfaces presented to each other. — Head voice (Phon.), a kind of voice of high pitch and of a thin quality ascribed to resonance in the head; voice of the thin register; falsetto. In producing it, the vibration of the cords is limited to their thin edges in the upper part, which are then presented to each other. — Middle voice (Gram.), that form of the verb by which its subject is represented as both the agent, or doer, and the object of the action, that is, as performing some act to or upon himself, or for his own advantage. — Passive voice. (Gram.) See under Passive, a. — Voice glide (Pron.), the brief and obscure neutral vowel sound that sometimes occurs between two consonants in an unaccented syllable (represented by the apostrophe), as in able (a"b'l). See Glide, n., 2. — Voice stop. See Voiced stop, under Voiced, a. — With one voice, unanimously. "All with one voice . . . cried out, Great is Diana of the Ephesians." Acts xix. 34.

VOICE
Voice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Voiced; p. pr. & vb. n. Voicing.]

1. To give utterance or expression to; to utter; to publish; to announce; to divulge; as, to voice the sentiments of the nation. "Rather assume thy right in silence and . . . then voice it with claims and challenges." Bacon. It was voiced that the king purposed to put to death Edward Plantagenet. Bacon.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: To utter with sonant or vocal tone; to pronounce with a narrowed glottis and rapid vibrations of the vocal cords; to speak above a whisper.

3. To fit for producing the proper sounds; to regulate the tone of; as, to voice the pipes of an organ.

4. To vote; to elect; to appoint. [Obs.] Shak.

VOICE
Voice, v. i.

Defn: To clamor; to cry out. [Obs.] South.

VOICED
Voiced, a.

1. Furnished with a voice; expressed by the voice.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Uttered with voice; pronounced with vibrations of the vocal cords; sonant; — said of a sound uttered with the glottis narrowed. Voiced stop, Voice stop (Phon.), a stopped consonant made with tone from the larynx while the mouth organs are closed at some point; a sonant mute, as b, d, g hard.

VOICEFUL
Voice"ful, a.

Defn: Having a voice or vocal quality; having a loud voice or many
voices; vocal; sounding.
Beheld the Iliad and the Odyssey Rise to the swelling of the voiceful
sea. Coleridge.

VOICELESS
Voice"less, a.

1. Having no voice, utterance, or vote; silent; mute; dumb. I live and die unheard, With a most voiceless thought, sheathing it as a sword. Byron.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: Not sounded with voice; as, a voiceless consonant; surd.
Voiceless stop (Phon.), a consonant made with no audible sound except
in the transition to or from another sound; a surd mute, as p, t, k.
— Voice"less*ly, adv.
— Voice"less*ness, n.

VOID Void, a. Etym: [OE. voide, OF. voit, voide, vuit, vuide, F. vide, fr. (assumed) LL. vocitus, fr. L. vocare, an old form of vacare to be empty, or a kindred word. Cf. Vacant, Avoid.]

1. Containing nothing; empty; vacant; not occupied; not filled. The earth was without form, and void. Gen. i. 2. I 'll get me to a place more void. Shak. I 'll chain him in my study, that, at void hours, I may run over the story of his country. Massinger.

2. Having no incumbent; unoccupied; — said of offices and the like. Divers great offices that had been long void. Camden.

3. Being without; destitute; free; wanting; devoid; as, void of learning, or of common use. Milton. A conscience void of offense toward God. Acts xxiv. 16. He that is void of wisdom despiseth his neighbor. Prov. xi. 12.

4. Not producing any effect; ineffectual; vain. [My word] shall not return to me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please. Isa. lv. 11. I will make void the counsel of Judah. Jer. xix. 7.

5. Containing no immaterial quality; destitute of mind or soul. "Idol, void and vain." Pope.

6. (Law)

Defn: Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification; null. Cf. Voidable, 2. Void space (Physics), a vacuum.

Syn. — Empty; vacant; devoid; wanting; unfurnished; unsupplied; unoccupied.

VOID
Void, n.

Defn: An empty space; a vacuum. Pride, where wit fails, steps in to our defense, And fills up all the mighty void of sense. Pope.

VOID
Void, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Voided; p. pr. & vb. n. Voiding.] Etym:
[OF. voidier, vuidier. See Void, a.]

1. To remove the contents of; to make or leave vacant or empty; to quit; to leave; as, to void a table. Void anon her place. Chaucer. If they will fight with us, bid them come down, Or void the field. Shak.

2. To throw or send out; to evacuate; to emit; to discharge; as, to
void excrements.
A watchful application of mind in voiding prejudices. Barrow.
With shovel, like a fury, voided out The earth and scattered bones.
J. Webster.

3. To render void; to make to be of no validity or effect; to vacate; to annul; to nullify. After they had voided the obligation of the oath he had taken. Bp. Burnet. It was become a practice . . . to void the security that was at any time given for money so borrowed. Clarendon.

VOID
Void, v. i.

Defn: To be emitted or evacuated. Wiseman.

VOIDABLE
Void"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being voided, or evacuated.

2. (Law)

Defn: Capable of being avoided, or of being adjudged void, invalid, and of no force; capable of being either avoided or confirmed. If the metropolitan . . . grants letters of administration, such administration is not, but voidable by sentence. Ayliffe.

Note: A voidable contract may be ratified and confirmed; to render it null and of no effect, it must be avoided; a void contract can not be ratified.

VOIDANCE
Void"ance, n.

1. The act of voiding, emptying, ejecting, or evacuating.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A ejection from a benefice.

3. The state of being void; vacancy, as of a benefice which is without an incumbent.

4. Evasion; subterfuge. [Obs.] Bacon.

VOIDED
Void"ed, a.

1. Emptied; evacuated.

2. Annulled; invalidated.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Having the inner part cut away, or left vacant, a narrow border being left at the sides, the tincture of the field being seen in the vacant space; — said of a charge.

VOIDER
Void"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, voids,

2. A tray, or basket, formerly used to receive or convey that which is voided or cleared away from a given place; especially, one for carrying off the remains of a meal, as fragments of food; sometimes, a basket for containing household articles, as clothes, etc. Piers Plowman laid the cloth, and Simplicity brought in the voider. Decker. The cloth whereon the earl dined was taken away, and the voider, wherein the plate was usually put, was set upon the cupboard's head. Hist. of Richard Hainam.

3. A servant whose business is to void, or clear away, a table after a meal. [R.] Decker.

4. (Her.)

Defn: One of the ordinaries, much like the flanch, but less rounded and therefore smaller.

VOIDING
Void"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, v Bp. Hall.

2. That which is voided; that which is ejected or evacuated; a remnant; a fragment. [R.] Rowe. Voiding knife, a knife used for gathering up fragments of food to put them into a voider.

VOIDING
Void"ing, a.

Defn: Receiving what is ejected or voided. "How in our voiding lobby hast thou stood" Shak.

VOIDNESS
Void"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being void;

VOIR DIRE Voir dire. Etym: [OF., to say the truth, fr. L. verus true + dicere to say.] (Law)

Defn: An oath administered to a witness, usually before being sworn in chief, requiring him to speak the truth, or make true answers in reference to matters inquired of, to ascertain his competency to give evidence. Greenleaf. Ld. Abinger.

VOITURE
Voi"ture, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. vectura a carrying, conveying. Cf.
Vettura.]

Defn: A carriage. Arbuthnot.

VOIVODE
Voi"vode, n.

Defn: See Waywode. Longfellow.

VOLACIOUS
Vo*la"cious, a. Etym: [L. volare to fly.]

Defn: Apt or fit to fly. [R.]

VOLADOR Vo*la*dor", n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.) (a) A flying fish of California (Exocoetus Californicus): — called also volator. (b) The Atlantic flying gurnard. See under Flying.

VOLAGE
Vo*lage", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Light; giddy. [Obs.]
They wroughten all their lust volage. Chaucer.

VOLANT Vo"lant, a. Etym: [L. volans, -antis, p. pr. of volare to fly: cf. F. volant.]

1. Passing through the air upon wings, or as if upon wings; flying; hence, passing from place to place; current. English silver now was current, and our gold volant in the pope's court. Fuller.

2. Nimble; light and quick; active; rapid. "His volant touch." Milton.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Represented as flying, or having the wings spread; as, an eagle volant. Volant piece (Anc. Armor), an adjustable piece of armor, for guarding the throat, etc., in a joust.

VOLANTE
Vo*lan"te, n. Etym: [Sp., prop., flying.]

Defn: A cumbrous two-wheeled pleasure carriage used in Cuba.

VOLAPUK; VOLAPUEK
Vol`a*pük", n

Defn: Literally, world's speech; the name of an artificial language invented by Johan Martin Schleyer, of Constance, Switzerland, about 1879.

VOLAPUKIST; VOLAPUEKIST
Vol`a*pük"ist, n.

Defn: One who is conversant with, or who favors adoption of, Volapük.

VOLAR Vo"lar, a. Etym: [L. vola the palm of the hand, the sole of the foot.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.

VOLARY
Vol"a*ry, n.

Defn: See Volery. [Obs.]

VOLATILE Vol"a*tile, a. Etym: [F. volatil, L. volatilis, fr. volare to fly, perhaps akin to velox swift, E. velocity. Cf. Volley.]

1. Passing through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the atmosphere; flying; having the power to fly. [Obs.]

2. Capable of wasting away, or of easily passing into the aëriform state; subject to evaporation.

Note: Substances which affect the smell with pungent or fragrant odors, as musk, hartshorn, and essential oils, are called volatile substances, because they waste away on exposure to the atmosphere. Alcohol and ether are called volatile liquids for a similar reason, and because they easily pass into the state of vapor on the application of heat. On the contrary, gold is a fixed substance, because it does not suffer waste, even when exposed to the heat of a furnace; and oils are called fixed when they do not evaporate on simple exposure to the atmosphere.

3. Fig.: Light-hearted; easily affected by circumstances; airy; lively; hence, changeable; fickle; as, a volatile temper. You are as giddy and volatile as ever. Swift. Volatile alkali. (Old Chem.) See under Alkali. — Volatile liniment, a liniment composed of sweet oil and ammonia, so called from the readiness with which the latter evaporates. — Volatile oils. (Chem.) See Essential oils, under Essential.

VOLATILE
Vol"a*tile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volatile.]

Defn: A winged animal; wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Chaucer. Sir T.
Browne.

VOLATILENESS; VOLATILITY
Vol"a*tile*ness, Vol`a*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volatilité.]

Defn: Quality or state of being volatile; disposition to evaporate; changeableness; fickleness.

Syn.
— See Levity.

VOLATILIZABLE
Vol"a*til*i`za*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. volatisable.]

Defn: Capable of being volatilized.

VOLATILIZATION
Vol`a*til*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volatilisation.]

Defn: The act or process of volatilizing, or rendering volatile; the state of being volatilized.

VOLATILIZE
Vol"a*til*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volatilized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Volatilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. volatiliser.]

Defn: To render volatile; to cause to exhale or evaporate; to cause
to pass off in vapor.
The water . . . dissolving the oil, and volatilizing it by the
action. Sir I. Newton.

VOLATOR
Vo*la"tor, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Volador, 1.

VOL-AU-VENT
Vol`-au`-vent", n. Etym: [F.] (Cookery)

Defn: A light puff paste, with a raised border, filled, after baking, usually with a ragout of fowl, game, or fish.

VOLBORTHITE Vol"borth*ite, n. Etym: [So named after Volborth, who first discovered it.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in small six-sided tabular crystals of a green or yellow color. It is a hydrous vanadate of copper and lime.

VOLCANIAN
Vol*ca"ni*an, a.

Defn: Volcanic. [R.] Keats.

VOLCANIC
Vol*can"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. volcanique, It. vulcanico.]

1. Of or pertaining to a volcano or volcanoes; as, volcanic heat.

2. Produced by a volcano, or, more generally, by igneous agencies; as, volcanic tufa.

3. Changed or affected by the heat of a volcano. Volcanic bomb, a mass ejected from a volcano, often of molten lava having a rounded form. — Volcanic cone, a hill, conical in form, built up of cinders, tufa, or lava, during volcanic eruptions. — Volcanic foci, the subterranean centers of volcanic action; the points beneath volcanoes where the causes producing volcanic phenomena are most active. — Volcanic glass, the vitreous form of lava, produced by sudden cooling; obsidian. See Obsidian. — Volcanic mud, fetid, sulphurous mud discharged by a volcano. — Volcanic rocks, rocks which have been produced from the discharges of volcanic matter, as the various kinds of basalt, trachyte, scoria, obsidian, etc., whether compact, scoriaceous, or vitreous.

VOLCANICALLY
Vol*can"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Like a volcano.

VOLCANICITY
Vol`can*ic"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volcanicité.]

Defn: Quality or state of being volcanic; volcanic power.

VOLCANIC NECK
Vol*can"ic neck. (Geol.)

Defn: A column of igneous rock formed by congelation of lava in the conduit of a volcano and later exposed by the removal of surrounding rocks.

VOLCANIC WIND
Volcanic wind. (Meteorol.)

Defn: A wind associated with a volcanic outburst and due to the eruption or to convection currents over hot lava.

VOLCANISM
Vol"can*ism, n.

Defn: Volcanic power or action; volcanicity.

VOLCANIST
Vol"can*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. volcaniste, vulcaniste.]

1. One versed in the history and phenomena of volcanoes.

2. One who believes in the igneous, as opposed to the aqueous, origin of the rocks of the earth's crust; a vulcanist. Cf. Neptunist.

VOLCANITY
Vol*can"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Volcanic, and Volcanicity.]

Defn: The quality or state of being volcanic, or volcanic origin; volcanicity. [R.]

VOLCANIZATION
Vol`can*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of volcanizing, or the state of being volcanized; the process of undergoing volcanic heat, and being affected by it.

VOLCANIZE
Vol"can*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volcanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Volcanizing.] Etym: [Cf. Vulcanize.]

Defn: To subject to, or cause to undergo, volcanic heat, and to be affected by its action.

VOLCANO
Vol*ca"no, n.; pl. Volcanoes. Etym: [It. volcano, vulcano, fr. L.
Vulcanus Vulkan, the god of fire. See Vulkan.] (Geol.)

Defn: A mountain or hill, usually more or less conical in form, from which lava, cinders, steam, sulphur gases, and the like, are ejected; — often popularly called a burning mountain.

Note: Volcanoes include many of the most conspicuous and lofty mountains of the earth, as Mt. Vesuvius in Italy (4,000 ft. high), Mt. Loa in Hawaii (14,000 ft.), Cotopaxi in South America (nearly 20,000 ft.), which are examples of active volcanoes. The crater of a volcano is usually a pit-shaped cavity, often of great size. The summit crater of Mt. Loa has a maximum length of 13,000 ft., and a depth of nearly 800 feet. Beside the chief crater, a volcano may have a number of subordinate craters.

VOLE
Vole, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. Swift.

VOLE
Vole, v. i. (Card Playing)

Defn: To win all the tricks by a vole. Pope.

VOLE
Vole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of micelike rodents belonging to Arvicola and allied genera of the subfamily Arvicolinæ. They have a thick head, short ears, and a short hairy tail.

Note: The water vole, or water rat, of Europe (Arvicola amphibius) is a common large aquatic species. The short-tailed field vole (A. agrestis) of Northern and Central Europe, and Asia, the Southern field vole (A. arvalis), and the Siberian root vole (A. oeconomus), are important European species. The common species of the Eastern United States (A. riparius) (called also meadow mouse) and the prairie mouse (A. austerus) are abundant, and often injurious to vegetation. Other species are found in Canada.

VOLERY Vol"er*y, n. Etym: [F. volerie a flying, volière a large bird cage, fr. voler to fly, L. volare. See Volatile.]

1. A flight of birds. [R.] Locke.

2. A large bird cage; an aviary.

VOLGE
Volge, n. Etym: [L. vulgus.]

Defn: The common sort of people; the crowd; the mob. [Obs.] Fuller.

VOLITABLE
Vol"i*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Volatilizable. [Obs.]

VOLITATION Vol`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. volitare, volitatum, to fly to and fro, v. freq. from volare to fly.]

Defn: The act of flying; flight. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

VOLITIENT
Vo*li"tient, a. Etym: [See Volition.]

Defn: Exercising the will; acting from choice; willing, or having power to will. "What I do, I do volitient, not obedient." Mrs. Browning.

VOLITION Vo*li"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. volo I will, velle to will, be willing. See Voluntary.]

1. The act of willing or choosing; the act of forming a purpose; the exercise of the will. Volition is the actual exercise of the power the mind has to order the consideration of any idea, or the forbearing to consider it. Locke. Volition is an act of the mind, knowingly exerting that dominion it takes itself to have over any part of the man, by employing it in, or withholding it from, any particular action. Locke.

2. The result of an act or exercise of choosing or willing; a state of choice.

3. The power of willing or determining; will.

Syn. — Will; choice; preference; determination; purpose. — Volition, Choice. Choice is the familiar, and volition the scientific, term for the same state of the will; viz., an "elective preference." When we have "made up our minds" (as we say) to a thing, i. e., have a settled state of choice respecting it, that state is called an immanent volition; when we put forth any particular act of choice, that act is called an emanent, or executive, or imperative, volition. When an immanent, or settled state of, choice, is one which controls or governs a series of actions, we call that state a predominant volition; while we give the name of subordinate volitions to those particular acts of choice which carry into effect the object sought for by the governing or "predominant volition." See Will.

VOLITIONAL
Vo*li"tion*al, a.

Defn: Belonging or relating to volition. "The volitional impulse."
Bacon.

VOLITIVE
Vol"i*tive, a. Etym: [See Volition.]

1. Of or pertaining to the will; originating in the will; having the power to will. "They not only perfect the intellectual faculty, but the volitive." Sir M. Hale.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Used in expressing a wish or permission as, volitive proposition.

VOLKSLIED
Volks"lied, n.; pl. Volkslieder Etym: [G.] (Mus.)

Defn: A popular song, or national air.

VOLKSRAAD
Volks"raad`, n. [D.]

Defn: A legislative assembly or parliament of any one of several countries colonized by the Dutch, esp. that of the South African Republic, or the Transvaal, and that of the Orange Free State.

VOLLEY
Vol"ley, n.; pl. Volleys. Etym: [F. volée; flight, a volley, or
discharge of several guns, fr. voler to fly, L. volare. See
Volatile.]

1. A flight of missiles, as arrows, bullets, or the like; the simultaneous discharge of a number of small arms. Fiery darts in flaming volleys flew. Milton. Each volley tells that thousands cease to breathe. Byron.

2. A burst or emission of many things at once; as, a volley of words. "This volley of oaths." B. Jonson. Rattling nonsense in full volleys breaks. Pope.

3. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball before it touches the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball full to the top of the wicket.

Half volley. (a) (Tennis) A return of the ball immediately after is has touched the ground. (b) (Cricket) A sending of the ball so that after touching the ground it flies towards the top of the wicket. R. A. Proctor. — On the volley, at random. [Obs.] "What we spake on the volley begins work." Massinger. — Volley gun, a gun with several barrels for firing a number of shots simultaneously; a kind of mitrailleuse.

VOLLEY
Vol"ley, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Volleyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Volleying.]

Defn: To discharge with, or as with, a volley.

VOLLEY
Vol"ley, v. i.

1. To be thrown out, or discharged, at once; to be discharged in a volley, or as if in a volley; to make a volley or volleys. Tennyson.

2. (a) (Tennis) To return the ball before it touches the ground. (b) (Cricket) To send the ball full to the top of the wicket. R. A. Proctor.

VOLLEY BALL
Vol"ley ball.

Defn: A game played by volleying a large inflated ball with the hands over a net 7 ft. 6 in. high.

VOLLEYED
Vol"leyed, a.

Defn: Discharged with a sudden burst, or as if in a volley; as, volleyed thunder.

VOLOST
Vo"lost, n. [Russ. volost'.]

Defn: In the greater part of Russia, a division for local government consisting of a group of mirs, or village communities; a canton.

VOLOW Vol"ow, v. t. Etym: [From the answer, Volo I will, in the baptismal service. Richardson (Dict.).]

Defn: To baptize; — used in contempt by the Reformers. [Obs.]
Tyndale.

VOLPLANE Vol"plane`, v. i. [F. vol plané act of volplaning; vol flight + plané, p.p.; cf. planer to hover.] (Aëronautics)

Defn: To glide in a flying machine.

VOLT
Volt, n. Etym: [F. volte; cf. It. volta. See Vault.]

1. (Man.)

Defn: A circular tread; a gait by which a horse going sideways round a center makes two concentric tracks.

2. (Fencing)

Defn: A sudden movement to avoid a thrust.

VOLT
Volt, n. Etym: [After Alessandro Volta, the Italian electrician.]
(Elec.)

Defn: The unit of electro-motive force; — defined by the International Electrical Congress in 1893 and by United States Statute as, that electro-motive force which steadily applied to a conductor whose resistance is one ohm will produce a current of one ampère. It is practically equivalent to

VOLTA
Vol"ta, n.; pl. Volte. Etym: [It. volta a turn, turning, a time. See
Volt a tread.] (Mus.)

Defn: A turning; a time; — chiefly used in phrases signifying that the part is to be repeated one, two, or more times; as, una volta, once. Seconda volta, second time, points to certain modifications in the close of a repeated strain.

VOLTA-ELECTRIC
Vol"ta-e*lec"tric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to voltaic electricity, or voltaism.

VOLTA-ELECTROMETER
Vol`ta-e`lec*trom"e*ter, n.

Defn: An instrument for the exact measurement of electric currents.

VOLTAGE
Vol"tage, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.

VOLTAGRAPHY
Vol*tag"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Voltaic + -graphy.]

Defn: In electrotypy, the act or art of copying, in metals deposited by electrolytic action, a form or pattern which is made the negative electrode. [R.]

VOLTAIC
Vol*ta"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. voltaïque, It. voltaico.]

1. Of or pertaining to Alessandro Volta, who first devised apparatus for developing electric currents by chemical action, and established this branch of electric science; discovered by Volta; as, voltaic electricity.

2. Of or pertaining to voltaism, or voltaic electricity; as, voltaic induction; the voltaic arc.

Note: See the Note under Galvanism. Voltaic arc, a luminous arc, of intense brilliancy, formed between carbon points as electrodes by the passage of a powerful voltaic current. — Voltaic battery, an apparatus variously constructed, consisting of a series of plates or pieces of dissimilar metals, as copper and zinc, arranged in pairs, and subjected to the action of a saline or acid solution, by which a current of electricity is generated whenever the two poles, or ends of the series, are connected by a conductor; a galvanic battery. See Battery, 4. (b), and Note. — Voltaic circuit. See under Circuit. — Voltaic couple or element, a single pair of the connected plates of a battery. — Voltaic electricity. See the Note under Electricity. — Voltaic pile, a kind of voltaic battery consisting of alternate disks of dissimilar metals, separated by moistened cloth or paper. See 5th Pile. — Voltaic protection of metals, the protection of a metal exposed to the corrosive action of sea water, saline or acid liquids, or the like, by associating it with a metal which is positive to it, as when iron is galvanized, or coated with zinc.

VOLTAIREAN
Vol*tair"e*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. voltairien.]

Defn: Of or relating to Voltaire, the French author. J. Morley.

VOLTAIRISM
Vol*tair"ism, n.

Defn: The theories or practice of Voltaire. J. Morley.

VOLTAISM
Vol"ta*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. voltaïsme.] (Physics)

Defn: That form of electricity which is developed by the chemical action between metals and different liquids; voltaic electricity; also, the science which treats of this form of electricity; — called also galvanism, from Galvani, on account of his experiments showing the remarkable influence of this agent on animals.

VOLTAMETER
Vol*tam"e*ter, n. Etym: [Voltaic + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the voltaic electricity passing through it, by its effect in decomposing water or some other chemical compound acting as an electrolyte.

VOLTAMMETER
Volt*am"me`ter, n.

Defn: A wattmeter.

VOLT AMPERE
Volt ampère. (Elec.)

Defn: A unit of electric measurement equal to the product of a volt and an ampere. For direct current it is a measure of power and is the same as a watt; for alternating current it is a measure of apparent power.

VOLTAPLAST
Vol"ta*plast, n. Etym: [Voltaic + Gr.

Defn: A form of voltaic, or galvanic, battery suitable for use electrotyping. G. Francis.

VOLTATYPE
Vol"ta*type, n. Etym: [Voltaic + type.]

Defn: An electrotype. [R.]

VOLTI Vol"ti, imperative. Etym: [It., fr. voltare to turn. See Volt a tread.] (Mus.)

Defn: Turn, that is, turn over the leaf. Volti subito Etym: [It.]
(Mus.), turn over quickly.

VOLTIGEUR
Vol`ti*geur, n. Etym: [F., fr. voltiger to vault, It. volteggiare.
See Volt a tread.]

1. A tumbler; a leaper or vaulter.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a picked company of irregular riflemen in each regiment of the French infantry.

VOLTMETER
Volt"me`ter, n. Etym: [2d volt + -meter.] (elec.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring in volts the differences of potential between different points of an electrical circuit.

VOLTZITE
Voltz"ite, n. Etym: [So named in honor of Voltz, a French engineer.]
(Min.)

Defn: An oxysulphide of lead occurring in implanted spherical globules of a yellowish or brownish color; — called also voltzine.

VOLUBILATE; VOLUBILE
Vo*lu"bi*late, Vol"u*bile}, a. Etym: [See Voluble.]

Defn: Turning, or whirling; winding; twining; voluble.

VOLUBILITY
Vol`u*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. volubilitas: cf. F. volubilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being voluble (in any of the senses of the adjective).

VOLUBLE Vol"u*ble, a. Etym: [L. volubilis, fr. volvere, volutum, to roll, to turn round; akin to Gr. welle a wave: cf. F. voluble. Cf. F. Well of water, Convolvulus, Devolve, Involve, Revolt, Vault an arch, Volume, Volute.]

1. Easily rolling or turning; easily set in motion; apt to roll; rotating; as, voluble particles of matter.

2. Moving with ease and smoothness in uttering words; of rapid speech; nimble in speaking; glib; as, a flippant, voluble, tongue. [Cassio,] a knave very voluble. Shak.

Note: Voluble was used formerly to indicate readiness of speech merely, without any derogatory suggestion. "A grave and voluble eloquence." Bp. Hacket.

3. Changeable; unstable; fickle. [Obs.]

4. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the power or habit of turning or twining; as, the voluble stem of hop plants. Voluble stem (Bot.), a stem that climbs by winding, or twining, round another body. — Vol"u*ble*ness, n. — Vol"u*bly, adv.