Y

Defn: Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 145, 178-9, 272.

Note: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek u, i, o, and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt, grotto; young, juvenile; day, AS. dæg. See U, I, and J, G.

Note: Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the Greek letter

Y
Y, n.; pl. Y's ( or Ys.

Defn: Something shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling in form the letter Y. Specifically: (a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye. (b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting. (c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two diverging tracks connected by a cross track. Y level (Surv.), an instrument for measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in Y's. — Y moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth Plusia gamma) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the letter Y, on each of the fore wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white species, feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also gamma moth, and silver Y.

Y
Y, pron.

Defn: I. [Obs.] King Horn. Wyclif.

Y-; I- Y-, or I-. Etym: [OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin to D. & G. ge-, OHG. gi-, ga-, Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-; originally meaning, together. Cf. Com-, Aware, Enough, Handiwork, Ywis.]

Defn: A prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle English period, it was little employed except with verbs, being chiefly used with past participles, though occasionally with the infinitive Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only word not entirely obsolete which shows this use. That no wight mighte it see neither yheere. Chaucer. Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent. Chaucer.

Note: Some examples of Chaucer's use of this prefix are; ibe, ibeen, icaught, ycome, ydo, idoon, ygo, iproved, ywrought. It inough, enough, it is combined with an adjective. Other examples are in the Vocabulary. Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix when affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it incorrectly.

YA
Ya, adv.

Defn: Yea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YACARE
Yac"a*re`, n. Etym: [See Jacare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also spectacled alligator, and spectacled cayman. [Written also jacare.]

Note: The name is also applied to allied species.

YACCA
Yac"ca, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for two large timber trees (Podocarpus coriaceus, and P. Purdicanus) of the Yew family. The wood, which is much used, is pale brownish with darker streaks.

YACHT Yacht, n. Etym: [D. jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a jagen to chase, hunt, akin to G. jagen, OHG. jag, of uncertain origin; or perhaps akin to OHG. gahi quick, sudden (cf. Gay).] (Naut.)

Defn: A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished persons from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for pleasure trips, racing, etc. Yacht measurement. See the Note under Tonnage, 4.

YACHT
Yacht, v. i.

Defn: To manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht.

YACHTER
Yacht"er, n.

Defn: One engaged in sailing a jacht.

YACHTING
Yacht"ing, n.

Defn: Sailing for pleasure in a yacht.

YACHTMAN
Yacht"man, n.

Defn: See Yachtsman.

YACHTSMAN
Yachts"man, n.; pl. Yachtsmen (.

Defn: One who owns or sails a yacht; a yachter.

YAF
Yaf, obs. imp. of Give. Etym: [AS. geaf, imp. of giefan to give. See
Give]

Defn: Gave. See Give. Chaucer.

YAFFINGALE
Yaf"fin*gale, n. Etym: [See Yaffle, and cf. Nightingale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

YAFFLE
Yaf"fle, n. Etym: [Probably imitative of its call or cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker (Picus, or Genius, viridis). It is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called also eccle, hewhole, highhoe, laughing bird, popinjay, rain bird, yaffil, yaffler, yaffingale, yappingale, yackel, and woodhack.

YAGER
Ya"ger, n. Etym: [G. jäger a hunter, from jagen to chase, hunt.]
(Mil.)

Defn: In the German army, one belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles, resembling the chasseur of the French army. [Written also jager.]

YAGUARUNDI
Ya`gua*run"di, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Jaguarondi. [Written also yaguarondi, and yagouarondi.]

YAHOO
Ya"hoo, n.

1. One of a race of filthy brutes in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

2. Hence, any brutish or vicious character.

3. A raw countryman; a lout; a greenhorn. [U. S.]

YAHWEH; YAHWE; JAHVEH; JAHVE
Yah"weh, Yah"we, n. Also Jah"veh, Jah"ve, etc.

Defn: A modern transliteration of the Hebrew word translated Jehovah in the Bible; — used by some critics to discriminate the tribal god of the ancient Hebrews from the Christian Jehovah. Yahweh or Yahwe is the spelling now generally adopted by scholars.

YAHWISM; JAHVISM
Yah"wism, n. Also Jah"vism.

1. The religion or worship of Yahweh (Jehovah), or the system of doctrines, etc., connected with it.

2. Use of Yahweh as a name of God.

YAHWIST; JAHVIST; JAHWIST; JEHOVIST
Yah"wist, n. Also Jah"vist, Jah"wist, older Je*ho"vist.

Defn: The author of the passages of the Old Testament, esp. those of the Hexateuch, in which God is styled Yahweh, or Jehovah; the author of the Yahwistic, or Jehovistic, Prophetic Document (J); also, the document itself.

YAJUR-VEDA
Yaj"ur-Ve"da, n. Etym: [Skr. yajur-v.]

Defn: See Veda.

YAK
Yak, n. Etym: [Thibetan gyag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Poëphagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac, sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of the yak.

YAKAMILK
Yak"a*milk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trumpeter, 3 (a).

YAKARE
Yak"a*re`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yacare.

YAKIN
Ya"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic antelope (Budorcas taxicolor) native of the higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty mountains. Its head and neck resemble those of the ox, and its tail is like that of the goat. Called also budorcas.

YAKOOTS
Ya*koots", n. pl.; sing. Yakoot (.

Defn: (Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern Siberia, and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly pastoral in their habits. [Written also Yakuts.]

YAKSHA
Yak"sha, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A kind of demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth.

YAKUT
Ya*kut", n.

Defn: The Turkish language of the Yakuts, a Mongolian people of northeastern Siberia, which is lingua franca over much of eastern Siberia.

YALAH
Ya"lah, n.

Defn: The oil of the mahwa tree.

YAM
Yam, n. Etym: [Pg. inhame, probably from some native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species. — Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.

YAMA
Ya"ma, n. Etym: [Skr. yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor of the wicked. He is represented as of a green color, with red garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and sitting on a buffalo, with a club and noose in his hands.

YAMEN
Ya"men, n. [Chin. ya a civil or military court + men a gate.]

Defn: In China, the official headquarters or residence of a mandarin, including court rooms, offices, gardens, prisons, etc.; the place where the business of any public department is transcated.

YAMMA
Yam"ma, n. Etym: [See Llama.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The llama.

YAMP
Yamp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Carum Gairdneri); also, its small fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho to California.

YANG
Yang, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: The cry of the wild goose; a honk.

YANG
Yang, v. i.

Defn: To make the cry of the wild goose.

YANK
Yank, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. yank a sudden and severe blow.]

Defn: A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK
Yank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yanking.]

Defn: To twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK
Yank, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang]

YANKEE Yan"kee, n. Etym: [Commonly considered to be a corrupt pronunciation of the word English, or of the French word Anglais, by the native Indians of America. According to Thierry, a corruption of Jankin, a diminutive of John, and a nickname given to the English colonists of Connecticut by the Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon ("Hist. of the Amer. War," ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a favorite cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and that it meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse, yankee good cider, etc. Cf. Scot yankie a sharp, clever, and rather bold woman, and Prov. E. bow- yankees a kind of leggins worn by agricultural laborers.]

Defn: A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765).

YANKEE
Yan"kee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees.
The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne.
Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan.

YANKEE-DOODLE
Yan`kee-Doo"dle, n.

1. The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the national airs of the United States.

2. Humorously, a Yankee. We might have withheld our political noodles From knocking their heads against hot Yankee-Doodles. Moore.

YANKEEISM
Yan"kee*ism, n.

Defn: A Yankee idiom, word, custom, or the like. Lowell.

YAOURT
Yaourt, n. Etym: [Turk. yoghurt.]

Defn: A fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.

YAP
Yap, v. i. Etym: [Icel. gjalpa; akin to yelp. Cf. Yaup.]

Defn: To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange.

YAP
Yap, n.

Defn: A bark; a yelp.

YAPOCK
Ya"pock, n. Etym: [Probably from the river Oyapok, between French
Guiana and Brazil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called also water opossum. [Written also yapack.]

YAPON
Ya"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YARAGE
Yar"age (; 48), n. Etym: [See Yare, a.] (Naut.)

Defn: The power of moving, or being managed, at sea; — said with reference to a ship. Sir T. North.

YARD
Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod, ierde, OS. gerda,
D. garde, G. gerte, OHG. gartia, gerta, gart, Icel. gaddr a goad,
sting, Goth. gazds, and probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf. Gad, n.,
Gird, n., Gride, v. i., Hastate.]

1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman. If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer.

2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.] The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd. Chaucer.

3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.]

4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American measure.

5. The penis.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden Yard, or Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in the belt of Orion. — Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YARD Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yard, yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries. garda garden, OS. gardo garden, gard yard, D. gaard garden, G. garten, OHG. garto garden, gari inclosure, Icel. gar yard, house, Sw. gård, Dan. g, Goth. gards a house, garda sheepfold, L. hortus garden, Gr. Court, Garden, Garth, Horticulture, Orchard.]

1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard. A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer. Chaucer.

2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond those limits. — Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. — Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass. — Yard of land. See Yardland.

YARD
Yard, v. t.

Defn: To confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard cows.

YARDARM
Yard"arm`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the center or mast to the end.

Note: Ships are said to be yardarm and yardarm when so near as to touch, or interlock yards.

YARDFUL
Yard"ful, n.; pl. Yardfuls (.

Defn: As much as a yard will contain; enough to fill a yard.

YARDLAND
Yard"land`, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying from fifteen to forty acres; a virgate. [Obs.]

YARDSTICK
Yard"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc.

YARDWAND
Yard"wand`, n.

Defn: A yardstick. Tennyson.

YARE Yare, a. Etym: [OE. yare, ýaru, AS. gearu; akin to OS. garu, OHG. garo, G. gar, Icel. gerr perfect, görva quite, G. gerben to tan, to curry, OHG. garawen, garwen, to make ready. Cf. Carouse, Garb clothing, Gear, n.]

Defn: Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move. [Obs.] "Be yare
in thy preparation." Shak.
The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and is yare;
whereas the greater is slow. Sir W. Raleigh.

YARE
Yare, adv.

Defn: Soon. [Obs.] Cursor Mundi.

YARELY
Yare"ly, adv.

Defn: In a yare manner. [Obs.] Shak.

YARK
Yark, v. t. & i.

Defn: To yerk. [Prov. Eng.]

YARKE
Yar"ke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saki.

YARN
Yarn, n. Etym: [OE. yarn, ýarn, AS. gearn; akin to D. garen, G.,
OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan. garn; of uncertain origin. Cf. Cord.]

1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed.

3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]

YARNEN
Yarn"en, a.

Defn: Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. [Obs.] "A pair of yarnen stocks." Turbervile.

YARNUT
Yar"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Yernut.

YARR
Yarr, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýarren.]

Defn: To growl or snarl as a dog. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

YARRISH
Yar"rish, a. Etym: [Prov. E. yar sour, yare brackish.]

Defn: Having a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.]

YARROW Yar"row, n. Etym: [OE. yarowe, yarwe, ýarowe, AS. gearwe; akin to D. gerw, OHG. garwa, garawa, G. garbe, schafgarbe, and perhaps to E. yare.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also milfoil, and nosebleed.

YARWHIP Yar"whip`, n. Etym: [So called from its sharp cry uttered when taking wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bar-tailed godwit; — called also yardkeep, and yarwhelp. See Godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

YATAGHAN
Yat"a*ghan, n. Etym: [Turk. yataghan.]

Defn: A long knife, or short saber, common among Mohammedan nations, usually having a double curve, sometimes nearly straight. [Written also ataghan, attaghan.] Chaucer.

YATE
Yate, n.

Defn: A gate. See 1st Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Spenser.

YAUD
Yaud, n.

Defn: See Yawd. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

YAUL
Yaul, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Yawl.

YAULP
Yaulp, v. i.

Defn: To yaup.

YAUP
Yaup, v. i. Etym: [See Yap, and Yelp.]

Defn: To cry out like a child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]
[Written also yawp.]

YAUP
Yaup, n. Etym: [Written also yawp.]

1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry of a sickly bird, or of a child in pain. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

YAUPER
Yaup"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, yaups.

YAUPON
Yau"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family, native from Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the black drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also South-Sea tea. [Written also yapon, youpon, and yupon.]

YAUTIA
Yau*ti"a, n. [Native name in the Antilles.]

Defn: In Porto Rico, any of several araceous plants or their starchy edible roots, which are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes, as the taro.

YAW
Yaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawing.] Etym: [Cf.
Yew, v. i.]

Defn: To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in the clarifiers in sugar works.

YAW Yaw, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. gagen to rock, gageln to totter, shake, Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr bent back, gaga to throw the neck back.] (Naut.)

Defn: To steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; — said of a ship. Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing being out of the question. Lowell.

YAW
Yaw, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her course; a deviation from a straight course in steering.

YAWD
Yawd, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.]

Defn: A jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also yaud.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Grose.

YAWI
Yawi, n.

Defn: A fore-and-aft-rigged vessel with a mainmast stepped a little farther forward than in a sloop and carrying a mainsail and jibs, with a jigger mast far aft, usually placed abaft the rudder post.

YAWL
Yawl, n. Etym: [D. jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw. julle. Cf.
Jolly-boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars.
[Written also yaul.]

YAWL Yawl, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýaulen, ýoulen, gaulen, goulen, Icel. gaula to low, bellow. Cf. Gowl.]

Defn: To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell. Tennyson.
There howling Scyllas yawling round about. Fairfax.

YAWL-RIGGED
Yawl"-rigged", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails, but differing from a schooner in that the after mast is very small, and stepped as far aft as possible. See Illustration in Appendix.

YAWN Yawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawning.] Etym: [OE. yanien, ýanien, ganien, gonien, AS. ganian; akin to ginian to yawn, ginan to yawn, open wide, G. gähnen to yawn, OHG. ginen, geinon, Icel. gina to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav. zijati to yawn, L. hiare to gape, yawn; and perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. b. Cf. Begin, Gin to begin, Hiatus.]

1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. "The lazy, yawning drone." Shak. And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod beneath. Trumbull.

2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of anything. 't is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn. Shak.

3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment. Shak.

4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. "One long, yawning gaze." Landor.

YAWN
Yawn, n.

1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a deep and long inspiration following several successive attempts at inspiration, the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open. One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all present. N. Chipman.

2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. Addison.

3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.] Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let loose Imprisoned spirits. Marston.

YAWNINGLY
Yawn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a yawning manner.

YAWP
Yawp, v. & n.

Defn: See Yaup.

YAWS
Yaws, n. Etym: [African yaw a raspberry.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab- yaws.

YAW-WEED
Yaw"-weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant (Morinda Royoc) growing along the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small, white, odorous flowers.

YAZOO FRAUD
Yaz"oo Fraud. (U. S. Hist.)

Defn: The grant by the State of Georgia, by Act of Jan. 7, 1795, of 35,000,000 acres of her western territory, for $500,000, to four companies known as the Yazoo Companies from the region granted ; — commonly so called, the act being known as the Yazoo Frauds Act, because of alleged corruption of the legislature, every member but one being a shareholder in one or more of the companies. The act granting the land was repealed in 1796 by a new legislature, and the repealing provision was incorporated in the State constitution in 1798. In 1802 the territory was ceded to the United States. The claims of the purchasers, whom Georgia had refused to compensate, were sustained by the United States Supreme Court, which (1810) declared the repealing act of 1796 unconstitutional. Congress in 1814 ordered the lands sold and appropriated $5,000,000 to pay the claims.

YBE
Y*be", obs. p. p. of Be.

Defn: Been. Chaucer.

YCLEPED Y*cleped", p. p. Etym: [AS. geclipod, p. p. of clipian, cleopian, cliopian, to call. See Clepe, and also the Note under Y-.]

Defn: Called; named; — obsolete, except in archaic or humorous
writings. [Spelt also yclept.]
It is full fair to ben yclept madame. Chaucer.
But come, thou goddess fair and free. In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne.
Milton.
Those charming little missives ycleped valentines. Lamb.

Y CURRENT
Y current. (Elec.)

Defn: The current through one branch of the star arrangement of a three-phase circuit.

YDO
Y*do", obs. p. p. of Do.

Defn: Done. Chaucer.

YDRAD
Y*drad", obs. p. p. of Dread.

Defn: Dreaded.
Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spenser.

YE
Ye,

Defn: an old method of printing the article the (AS. þe), the "y" being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn. It is sometimes incorrectly pronounced ye. See The, and Thorn, n., 4.

YE
Y"ë (e"e), n.; pl. Yën (.

Defn: An eye. [Obs.]
From his yën ran the water down. Chaucer.

YE
Ye (ye), pron. Etym: [OE. ye, ýe, nom. pl., AS. ge, gi; cf. OS. ge,
gi, OFries. gi, i, D. gij, Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. er, OHG. ir, G. ihr,
Goth. jus, Lith. jus, Gr. yuyam.

Defn: The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the
nominative case.
Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. Chaucer.
But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11.
This would cost you your life in case ye were a man. Udall.

Note: In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye. Shak. I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye. Dryden.

YE
Ye, adv. Etym: [See Yea.]

Defn: Yea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEA
Yea (ya or ye; 277), adv. Etym: [OE. ye, ya, ýe, ýa, AS. geá; akin to
OFries. g, i, OS., D., OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, ja, Goth. ja,
jai, and probably to Gr. Yes.]

1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes. Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matt. v. 37.

2. More than this; not only so, but; — used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv., 2. I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18.

Note: Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly. "Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden" Gen. iii. 1.

YEA
Yea, n.

Defn: An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a vote by yeas and nays.

Note: In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty or stability. "All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen." 2 Cor. i. 20.

YEAD
Yead, v. i.

Defn: Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede. [Obs.] Years yead away and faces fair deflower. Drant.

YEAN
Yean, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yeaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.]
Etym: [AS. eánian, or geeánian; perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to
L. agnus, Gr. Ean.]

Defn: To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. Shak.

YEANLING
Yean"ling, n. Etym: [Yean + -ling. Cf. Eanling.]

Defn: A lamb or a kid; an eanling. Shak.

YEAR
Year, n. Etym: [OE. yer, yeer, ýer, AS. geár; akin to OFries. i, g,
D. jaar, OHG. jar, G. jahr, Icel. ar, Dan. aar, Sw. år, Goth. j, Gr.
yare year. sq. root4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]

1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile). Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. Chaucer.

Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.

2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.

3. pl.

Defn: Age, or old age; as, a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year,
the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion
again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.
— A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as
by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month.
— Bissextile year. See Bissextile.
— Canicular year. See under Canicular.
— Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of
time.
— Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days.
— Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap
year.
— Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13
lunar months, or 384 days.
— Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or
the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of
accounts, and another.
— Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic.
— Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian.
— Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary.
— Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months,
or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.
— Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar.
— Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above.
— Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and
Sabbatical.
— Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any
fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9
minutes, and 9.3 seconds.
— Tropical year. See under Tropical.
— Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or
an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all
question. Abbott.
— Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D.
or a. d.

YEARA
Ye*a"ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The California poison oak (Rhus diversiloba). See under Poison, a.

YEARBOOK
Year"book`, n.

1. A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England.

Note: The Yearbooks are the oldest English reports extant, beginning with the reign of Edward II., and ending with the reign of Henry VIII. They were published annually, and derive their name from that fact. They consist of eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law French, and extend over nearly two hundred years. There are, however, several hiatuses, or chasms, in the series. Kent. Bouvier.

YEARED
Yeared, a.

Defn: Containing years; having existed or continued many years; aged.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

YEARLING
Year"ling, n. Etym: [Year + -ling.]

Defn: An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; — applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.

YEARLING
Year"ling, a.

Defn: Being a year old. "A yearling bullock to thy name small smoke."
Pope.

YEARLY
Year"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geárlic.]

1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, a yearly income; a yearly feast.

2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant.

3. Accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit, or revolution, of the earth. Shak.

YEARLY
Year"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. geárlice.]

Defn: Annually; once a year to year; as, blessings yearly bestowed.
Yearly will I do this rite. Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yearned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yearning.] Etym: [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due to the AS. ge (see Y-).]

Defn: To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it." Shak. It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Shak.

YEARN
Yearn, v. i.

Defn: To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.]
"Falstaff he is dead, and we must yearn therefore." Shak.

YEARN
Yearn, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Yearnings.]

Defn: To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]

YEARN Yearn, v. i. Etym: [OE. yernen, , , AS. geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern desirous, girnean, gernean, to desire, D. gaarne gladly, willingly, G. gern, OHG. gerno, adv., gern, a., G. gier greed, OHG. giri greed, ger desirous, ger to desire, G. begehren, Icel. girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth. faíhugaírns covetous, gaírnjan to desire, and perhaps to Gr. hary to desire, to like.

Defn: To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager. Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother; and he sought where to weep. Gen. xliii. 30. Your mother's heart yearns towards you. Addison.

YEARNFUL
Yearn"ful, a. Etym: [OE. , AS. geornfull.]

Defn: Desirous. [Obs.] Ormulum. P. Fletcher.

YEARNINGLY
Yearn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With yearning.

YEARNINGS
Yearn"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th
Earn.]

Defn: The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used a rennet for curdling milk. [Scot.]

YEAR'S PURCHASE
Year's purchase.

Defn: The amount that is yielded by the annual income of property; — used in expressing the value of a thing in the number of years required for its income to yield its purchase price, in reckoning the amount to be paid for annuities, etc.

YEARTH
Yearth, n.

Defn: The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe felled" Ld. Berners.

YEAST Yeast, n. Etym: [OE. ýeest, ýest, AS. gist; akin to D. gest, gist, G. gischt, gäscht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to ferment, G. gischen, gäschen, gähren, Gr. zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. sq. root111.]

1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment.

2. Spume, or foam, of water. They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. Byron.

Defn: A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded cells, rather than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp. members of the orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi may grow both as a yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the conditions of growth. Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. — Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. — Yeast powder, a baling powder, — used instead of yeast in leavening bread.

YEAST-BITTEN
Yeast"-bit`ten, a. (Brewing)

Defn: A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has reëntered the body of the beer.

YEASTINESS
Yeast"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.

YEASTY
Yeast"y, a.

Defn: Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.

YEDDING Yed"ding, n. Etym: [AS. geddung, gidding, giedding, from gieddian, giddian, to sing, speak.]

Defn: The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEDE
Yede, obs. imp.

Defn: Went. See Yode. All as he bade fulfilled was indeed This ilke servant anon right out yede. Chaucer.

Note: Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of
the defective imperfect yode. It is, however, only a variant of yode.
See Yode, and cf. Yead.
[He] on foot was forced for to yeed. Spenser

YEEL
Yeel, n.

Defn: An eel. [Obs.] Holland.

YELDHALL
Yeld"hall`, n.

Defn: Guildhall. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YELDRIN; YELDRINE
Yel"drin or; Yel"drine, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yellow-hammer; — called also yeldrock, and yoldrin. [Prov.
Eng.]

YELK
Yelk, n.

Defn: Same as Yolk.

YELL
Yell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.] Etym:
[OE. yellen, , AS. giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG.
gellan, G. gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw. gälla to ring, resound, and to
AS., OS., & OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and
Nightingale.]

Defn: To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream
as with agony or horror.
They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer.
Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser.
Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled,
some yelled. Milton.

YELL
Yell, v. t.

Defn: To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone.
Shak.

YELL
Yell, n.

Defn: A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.
Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips.

YELLOW Yel"low, a. [Compar. Yellower; superl. Yellowest.] Etym: [OE. yelow, yelwe, ýelow, ýeoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay, Gr. hari tawny, yellowish. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold, Yolk.]

Defn: Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green. Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress. Chaucer. A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf. Milton. The line of yellow light dies fast away. Keble. Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and jaundice. — Yellow bark, calisaya bark. — Yellow bass (Zoöl.), a North American fresh-water bass (Morone interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called also barfish. — Yellow berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian berry, under Persian. — Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] Arbuthnot. — Yellow brier. (Bot.) See under Brier. — Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European labiate plant (Ajuga Chamæpitys). — Yellow bunting (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer. — Yellow cat (Zoöl.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw. — Yellow copperas (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; — called also copiapite. — Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites. See Chalcopyrite. — Yellow cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant (Barbarea præcox), sometimes grown as a salad plant. — Yellow dock. (Bot.) See the Note under Dock. — Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow pigment. — Yellow fever (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary. — Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. — Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack. (b) The quarantine flag. See under Quarantine. — Yellow jacket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American social wasps of the genus Vespa, in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful stings. — Yellow lead ore (Min.), wulfenite. — Yellow lemur (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. — Yellow macauco (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. — Yellow mackerel (Zoöl.), the jurel. — Yellow metal. Same as Muntz metal, under Metal. — Yellow ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. — Yellow oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant (Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy. — Yellow perch (Zoöl.), the common American perch. See Perch. — Yellow pike (Zoöl.), the wall-eye. — Yellow pine (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also, their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of the Eastern and Southern States, and P. ponderosa and P. Arizonica of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific States. — Yellow plover (Zoöl.), the golden plover. — Yellow precipitate (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. — Yellow puccoon. (Bot.) Same as Orangeroot. — Yellow rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail (Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called also yellow crake. — Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket. (Bot.) See under Rattle, and Rocket. — Yellow Sally (Zoöl.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly of the genus Chloroperla; — so called by anglers. — Yellow sculpin (Zoöl.), the dragonet. — Yellow snake (Zoöl.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with black lines. — Yellow spot. (a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye. (b) (Zoöl.) A small American butterfly (Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also Peck's skipper. See Illust. under Skipper, n., 5. — Yellow tit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of crested titmice of the genus Machlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and green. — Yellow viper (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. — Yellow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the predominant color is yellow, especially D. æstiva, which is a very abundant and familiar species; — called also garden warbler, golden warbler, summer yellowbird, summer warbler, and yellow-poll warbler. — Yellow wash (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water, — a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. — Yellow wren (Zoöl.) (a) The European willow warbler. (b) The European wood warbler.

YELLOW
Yel"low, n.

1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded with yellow." Shak.

2. A yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow, Indigo yellow, King's yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc. — Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead nitrate, and common salt. — Patent yellow (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting essentially of a lead oxychloride; — called also Turner's yellow.

YELLOW
Yel"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yellowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yellowing.]

Defn: To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.

YELLOW
Yel"low, v. i.

Defn: To become yellow or yellower.

YELLOWAMMER
Yel"low*am`mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellow-hammer.

YELLOWBILL
Yel"low*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scoter.

YELLOWBIRD Yel"low*bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch. (b) The common yellow warbler; — called also summer yellowbird. See Illust. of Yellow warbler, under Yellow, a.

YELLOW BOOK
Yellow Book. [F. livre jaune.]

Defn: In France, an official government publication bound in yellow covers.

YELLOW-COVERED
Yel"low-cov`ered, a.

Defn: Covered or bound in yellow paper. Yellow-covered literature, cheap sensational novels and trashy magazines; — formerly so called from the usual color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett.

YELLOW-EYED
Yel"low-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having yellow eyes. Yellow-eyed grass (Bot.), any plant of the genus Xyris.

YELLOWFIN
Yel"low*fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large squeteague.

YELLOWFISH
Yel"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rock trout (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) found on the coast of Alaska; — called also striped fish, and Atka mackerel.

YELLOW-GOLDS
Yel"low-golds`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. B. Jonson.

YELLOWHAMMER Yel"low*ham`mer, n. Etym: [For yellow-ammer, where ammer is fr. AS. amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.] (Zoöl.) (a) A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. Called also yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and writing lark. [Written also yellow-ammer.] (b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.]

YELLOWING
Yel"low*ing, n.

Defn: The act or process of making yellow.
Softened . . . by the yellowing which time has given. G. Eliot.

YELLOWISH
Yel"low*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of a yellowish color.
— Yel"low*ish*ness, n.

YELLOWLEGS
Yel"low*legs`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the genus Totanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; — called also stone snipe, tattler, telltale, yellowshanks; and yellowshins. See Tattler, 2.

YELLOWNESS
Yel"low*ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being yellow; as, the yellowness of an orange.

2. Jealousy. [Obs.] I will possess him with yellowness. Shak.

YELLOWROOT
Yel"low*root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically: (a) See Xanthorhiza. (b) Same as Orangeroot.

YELLOWS
Yel"lows, n.

1. (Far.)

Defn: A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice. His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur.

YELLOWSEED
Yel"low*seed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium campestre).

YELLOWSHANKS; YELLOWSHINS
Yel"low*shanks`, Yel"low*shins`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellolegs.

YELLOWTAIL Yel"low*tail`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the genus Seriola; especially, the large California species (S. dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; — called also cavasina, and white salmon. (b) The mademoiselle, or silver perch. (c) The menhaden. (d) The runner, 12. (e) A California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus). (f) The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides).

Note: Several other fishes are also locally called yellowtail.

YELLOWTHROAT
Yel"low*throat`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the genus Geothlypis, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which is a very common species.

YELLOWTOP
Yel"low*top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass, perhaps a species of Agrostis.

YELLOWWOOD
Yel"low*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are the Cladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the Australian Flindersia Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African species of Podocarpus, trees related to the yew; the East Indian Podocarpus latifolia; and the true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia). All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber.

YELLOWWORT
Yel"low*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous (Chlora perfoliata). The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing yellow.

YELP
Yelp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelped; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.] Etym:
[OE. yelpen, , to boast, boast noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan;
akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf. Icel. gjalpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.]

1. To boast. [Obs.] I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe. Chaucer.

2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup. A little herd of England's timorous deer, Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs Shak. At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation. W. Irving.

YELP
Yelp, n.

Defn: A sharp, quick cry; a bark. Chaucer.

YELPER
Yelp"er, n.

Defn: An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically: (Zoöl.) (a) The avocet; — so called from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The tattler. [Local, U. S.]

YELTING
Yel"ting, n. [Orig. uncert.]

Defn: The Florida and West Indian red snapper (Lutianus aya); also, sometimes, one of certain other allied species, as L. caxis.

YEMAN
Ye"man, n.

Defn: A yeoman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEN
Yen, n.

Defn: The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. The yen is equal to 100 sen.

YEND
Yend, v. t.

Defn: To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.]

YENITE
Ye"nite, n. Etym: [After Jena, in Germany.] (Min.)

Defn: A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals; — also called ilvaite. [Spelt also jenite.]

YEOMAN Yeo"man, n.; pl. Yeomen. Etym: [OE. yoman, ýeman, ýoman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries. ga district, region, G. gau, OHG. gewi, gouwi, Goth. gawi. sq. root100.]

1. A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.

Note: A yeoman in England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular States.

2. A servant; a retainer. [Obs.] A yeman hadde he and servants no mo. Chaucer.

3. A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores. Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the royal household.

YEOMANLIKE
Yeo"man*like`, a.

Defn: Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.

YEOMANLY
Yeo"man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanlike. B. Jonson. Well could he dress his tackle yeomanly. Chaucer.

YEOMANRY
Yeo"man*ry, n.

1. The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] "His estate of yeomanry." Chaucer.

2. The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders. The enfranchised yeomanry began to feel an instinct for dominion. Bancroft.

3. The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.] Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]

YEORLING
Yeor"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YER
Yer, prep.

Defn: Ere; before. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YERBA
Yer"ba, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: An herb; a plant.

Note: This word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish; as, yerba buena Etym: [Sp., a good herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa, viridis, etc.), but in California universally applied to a common, sweet-scented labiate plant (Micromeria Douglasii). Yerba dol osa. Etym: [Sp., herb of the she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus Californica). — Yerba mansa. Etym: [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant (Anemopsis Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians. — Yerba reuma. Etym: [Cf. Sp. reuma rheum, rheumatism.] A low California undershrub (Frankenia grandifolia).

YERD
Yerd, n.

Defn: See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YERK
Yerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yerked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.] Etym:
[See Yerk.]

1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk. Their wounded steeds . . . Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters. Shak.

2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]

YERK
Yerk, v. i.

1. To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk. They flirt, they yerk, they backward . . . fling. Drayton.

2. To move a quick, jerking motion.

YERK
Yerk, n.

Defn: A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk.

YERN
Yern, v. i.

Defn: See 3d Yearn. [Obs.]

YERN
Yern, a. Etym: [OE. ýern, ýeorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See
Yearn to long.]

Defn: Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song . . . loud and yern." Chaucer.

YERNE
Yerne, adv. Etym: [OE. ýeorne. See Yern, a.]

Defn: Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
My hands and my tongue go so yerne. Chaucer.

YERNUT
Yer"nut`, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. jordnöd, Sw. jordnöt, earthnut. Cf.
Jarnut.]

Defn: An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut (d). [Written also yarnut.]

YERST
Yerst, adv.

Defn: See Erst. [Obs.] Sylvester.

YES Yes, adv. Etym: [OE. yis, ýis, ýes, ýise, AS. gese, gise; probably fr. geá yea + swa so. sq. root188. See Yea, and So.]

Defn: Ay; yea; — a word which expresses affirmation or consent; — opposed to Ant: no.

Note: Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this — yes, you have done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined." Pope.

Note: "The fine distinction between `yea' and `yes,' `nay' and `no,' that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. `Yea' and `nay' in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. `Will he come' To this it would have been replied, `Yea' or `Nay', as the case might be. But, `Will he not come' To this the answer would have been `Yes' or `No.' Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten." Trench.

YEST
Yest, n.

Defn: See Yeast. Shak.

YESTER
Yes"ter, a. Etym: [See Yesterday.]

Defn: Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday.
[An enemy] whom yester sun beheld Mustering her charms. Dryden.

Note: This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as, yesterday, yesternight, etc.

YESTERDAY Yes"ter*day, n. Etym: [OE. ýisterdai, AS. geostran dæg, from geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D. gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron, Icel. gær yesterday, to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr. hyas) + dæg day. Cf. Hestern.

1. The day last past; the day next before the present. All our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Shak. We are but of yesterday, and know nothing. Job viii. 9.

2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past. The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs. Macaulay.

YESTERDAY
Yes"ter*day, adv.

Defn: On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the affair took place yesterday.

YESTEREVE; YESTER-EVENING
Yes"ter*eve`, Yes"ter-e`ven*ing, n.

Defn: The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.

YESTERMORN; YESTER-MORNING
Yes"ter*morn`, Yes"ter-morn`ing, n.

Defn: The morning of yesterday. Coleridge.

YESTERN
Yes"tern, a. Etym: [See Yester.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.

YESTERNIGHT
Yes"ter*night`, n.

Defn: The last night; the night last past.

YESTERNIGHT
Yes"ter*night`, adv. Etym: [AS. gystran niht. See Yesterday.]

Defn: On the last night. B. Jonson.

YESTERNOON
Yes"ter*noon`, n.

Defn: The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.

YESTERWEEK
Yes"ter*week`, n.

Defn: The week last past; last week.

YESTERYEAR
Yes"ter*year`, n.

Defn: The year last past; last year.

YESTREEN
Yes`treen", n.

Defn: Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.]
Yestreen I did not know How largely I could live. Bp. Coxe.

YESTY
Yest"y, a.

Defn: See Yeasty. Shak.

YET
Yet, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging to the genus Yetus, or Cymba; a boat shell.

YET Yet, adv. Etym: [OE. yet, ýet, ýit, AS. git, gyt, giet, gieta; akin to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.]

1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little longer; yet a little longer." Dryden. This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy. Atterbury. The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice. L'Estrange.

2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still. Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens. Addison.

3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; — and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj. Ne never yet no villainy ne said. Chaucer.

4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He 'll be hanged yet." Shak.

5. Even; — used emphatically. Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them. Bacon.

YET
Yet, conj.

Defn: Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however. Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these. Matt. vi. 29.

Syn.
— See However.

YEVE
Yeve, v. i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEVEN
Yev"en, p. p.

Defn: Given. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEW
Yew, v. i.

Defn: See Yaw.

YEW Yew, n. Etym: [OE. ew, AS. eów, iw, eoh; akin to D. ijf, OHG. iwa, iha, G. eibe, Icel. ; cf. Ir. iubhar, Gael. iubhar, iughar, W. yw, ywen, Lith. jëva the black alder tree.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards.

2. The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine- grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain.

Note: The American yew (Taxus baccata, var. Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. The California yew (Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas.

3. A bow for shooting, made of the yew.

YEW
Yew (u), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, a yew whipstock.

YEWEN
Yew"en, a.

Defn: Made of yew; as, yewen bows.

YEX
Yex, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýexen, yesken, AS. giscian to sob.]

Defn: To hiccough. [Written also yox, yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
He yexeth and he speaketh through the nose. Chaucer.

YEX
Yex, n. Etym: [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.]

Defn: A hiccough. [Written also yox, and yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
"The excessive yex." Holland.

YEZDEGERDIAN
Yez`de*ger"di*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees.

YEZDI
Yez"di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi. Taylor.

YEZIDEE; YEZIDI
Yez"i*dee, Yez"i*di, n.

Defn: Same as Izedi.

YFERE
Y*fere", adv.

Defn: Together. See Ifere. [Obs.]
As friends do when they be met yfere. Chaucer.

YGDRASYL
Yg"dra*syl, n. (Scand. Myth.)

Defn: See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

YGHE
Y"ghe, n.

Defn: Eye. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YGO
Y*go", obs. p. p. of Go.

Defn: Gone. Chaucer.

YGROUND
Y*ground", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.

YHOLDE
Y*hold"e, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Hold. Chaucer.

YID
Yid, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Jew. [Slang or Colloq.] "Almost any young Yid who goes out from among her people." John Corbin.

YIDDISH
Yid"dish, n. [G. jüdisch, prop., Jewish, fr. Jude Jew. See Jew,
Jewish.]

Defn: A language used by German and other Jews, being a Middle German dialect developed under Hebrew and Slavic influence. It is written in Hebrew characters.

YIDDISHER
Yid"dish*er, n. [See Yiddish.]

Defn: A Yid. [Slang]

YIELD Yield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yielded; obs. p. p. Yold; p. pr. & vb. n. Yielding.] Etym: [OE. yelden, ýelden, ýilden, AS. gieldan, gildan, to pay, give, restore, make an offering; akin to OFries. jelda, OS. geldan, D. gelden to cost, to be worth, G. gelten, OHG. geltan to pay, restore, make an offering, be worth, Icel. gjalda to pay, give up, Dan. gielde to be worth, Sw. gälla to be worth, gälda to pay, Goth. gildan in fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld, Guild.]

1. To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at interest yields six or seven per cent. To yelde Jesu Christ his proper rent. Chaucer. When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforth yield unto thee her strength. Gen. iv. 12.

2. To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. "Vines yield nectar." Milton. [He] makes milch kine yield blood. Shak. The wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children. Job xxiv. 5.

3. To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc. And, force perforce, I'll make him yield the crown. Shak. Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame. Milton.

4. To admit to be true; to concede; to allow. I yield it just, said Adam, and submit. Milton.

5. To permit; to grant; as, to yield passage.

6. To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more, And the gods yield you for
't. Shak.
God yield thee, and God thank ye. Beau. & Fl.
To yield the breath, the ghost, or the life, to die; to expire; —
often followed by up.
One calmly yields his willing breath. Keble.

YIELD
Yield, v. i.

1. To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb. He saw the fainting Grecians yield. Dryden.

2. To comply with; to assent; as, I yielded to his request.

3. To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readily yield to the current of opinion, or to customs; the door yielded. Will ye relent, And yield to mercy while 't is offered you Shak.

4. To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they will yield to us in nothing. Nay tell me first, in what more happy fields The thistle springs, to which the lily yields Pope.

YIELD
Yield, n.

Defn: Amount yielded; product; — applied especially to products resulting from growth or cultivation. "A goodly yield of fruit doth bring." Bacon.

YIELDABLE
Yield"a*ble, a.

Defn: Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] — Yield"a*ble*ness, n. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

YIELDANCE
Yield"ance, n.

1. The act of producing; yield; as, the yieldance of the earth. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The act of yielding; concession. [R.] South.

YIELDER
Yield"er, n.

Defn: One who yields. Shak.

YIELDING
Yield"ing, a.

Defn: Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, a yielding temper. Yielding and paying (Law), the initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved. Burrill.

Syn.
— Obsequious; attentive.
— Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may be
attentive or yielding in a high degree without any sacrifice of his
dignity; but he who is obsequious seeks to gain favor by excessive
and mean compliances for some selfish end.
— Yield"ing*ly, adv.
— Yield"ing*ness, n.

YIELDLESS
Yield"less, a.

Defn: Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.]

YIFT
Yift, n.

Defn: Gift. [Obs.] "Great yiftes." Chaucer.

YIN
Yin, n.

Defn: A Chinese weight of 2

YIS
Yis, adv.

Defn: Yes. [Obs.]
"Yis, sir," quod he, "yis, host." Chaucer.

YIT
Yit, conj.

Defn: Yet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YITE
Yite, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer.

YIVE
Yive, v. t. & i.

Defn: To give. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-YL -yl. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.

Note: -yl was first used in 1832 by Liebig and Wöhler in naming benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, or fundamental material, then in 1834 by Dumas and Peligot in naming methyl, in the sense of wood. After this -yl was generally used as in benzoyl, in the sense of stuff, characteristic ground, fundamental material.

YLANG-YLANG
Y*lang`-y*lang", n.

Defn: See Ihlang-ihlang.

YLE
Yle, n.

Defn: Isle. [Obs.] "The barren yle." Chaucer.

Y LEVEL
Y" lev`el. (Surv.)

Defn: See under Y, n.

YLICHE; YLIKE
Y*liche", Y*like", a. & adv.

Defn: Like; alike. [Obs.] "All . . . yliche good." Chaucer.

YLLANRATON
Yl`lan*ra*ton", n. Etym: [From the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The agouara.

YMAKED
Y*mak"ed, obs. p. p. of Make.

Defn: Made.

YMEL
Y*mel", prep. Etym: [OE. ymel, imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. i
milli, i millum (properly, in the middle, fr. mi, me, middle, akin to
E. middle), Dan. imellem, Sw. emellan. See In, and Middle.]

Defn: Among. [Obs.] "Ymel them all." Chaucer.

YNAMBU
Y*nam"bu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); — called also perdiz grande, and rufous tinamou. See Illust. of Tinamou.

YNOUGH; YNOW
Y*nough", Y*now", a. Etym: [See Enough.]

Defn: Enough. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOCKEL
Yock"el, n. Etym: [Cf. Yokel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle.

YODE Yode, obs. imp. of Go. Etym: [OE. yode, yede, , , eode, AS. eóde, used as the imp. of gan to go; akin to Goth. iddja I, he, went, L. ire to go, Gr. i, ya. Issue.]

Defn: Went; walked; proceeded. [Written also yede.] See Yede.
Quer [whether] they rade [rode] or yoke. Cursor Mundi.
Then into Cornhill anon I yode. Lydgate.

YODEL; YODLE Yo"del, Yo"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yodeled, Yodled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yodeling, Yodling.] Etym: [G. jodeln.]

Defn: To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.

YODEL; YODLE
Yo"del, Yo"dle, n.

Defn: A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.

YODLER
Yo"dler, n.

Defn: One who yodels.

YOGA
Yo"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yoga union.]

Defn: A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in a complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the votary expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and to acquire superhuman faculties.

YOGI
Yo"gi, n. Etym: [Skr. yogin.]

Defn: A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt also yokin.] Whitworth.

YOGISM
Yo"gism, n.

Defn: Yoga, or its practice.

YOICKS
Yo"icks, interj. (Hunting)

Defn: A cry of encouragement to foxhounds.

YOIT
Yoit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOJAN
Yo"jan, n. Etym: [Skr. y.]

Defn: A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but usually about five. [India] [Written also yojana.]

YOKE
Yoke, n. Etym: [OE. yok, , AS. geoc; akin to D. juk, OHG. joh, G.
joch, Icel. & Sw. ok, Dan. aag, Goth. juk, Lith. jungas, Russ. igo,
L. jugum, Gr. yuga, and to L. jungere to join, Gr. yui. Join, Jougs,
Joust, Jugular, Subjugate, Syzycy, Yuga, Zeugma.]

1. A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads or necks for working together. A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke, Untamed, unconscious of the galling yoke. Pope.

Note: The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs about the horns.

2. A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape. Specifically: (a) A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid's yoke. (b) A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence. (c) A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it. See Illust. of Bell. (d) A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from amidships. (e) (Mach.) A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts. (f) (Arch.) A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain. (g) (Dressmaking) A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt.

3. Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection. Boweth your neck under that blissful yoke . . . Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock. Chaucer. This yoke of marriage from us both remove. Dryden.

4. A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service. Our country sinks beneath the yoke. Shak. My yoke is easy, and my burden is light. Matt. xi. 30.

5. Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together. I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them. Luke xiv. 19.

6. The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.] Gardner.

7. A portion of the working day; as, to work two yokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Neck yoke, Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. — Yoke elm (Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.

YOKE
Yoke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yoked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yoking.]

1. To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, to yoke oxen, or pair of oxen.

2. To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequally yoked with unbelievers." 2 Cor. vi. 14. Cassius, you are yoked with a lamb. Shak.

3. To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine.
Then were they yoked with garrisons. Milton.
The words and promises that yoke The conqueror are quickly broke.
Hudibras.

YOKE
Yoke, v. i.

Defn: To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate. We 'll yoke together, like a double shadow. Shak.

YOKEAGE
Yoke"age, n.

Defn: See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]

YOKEFELLOW
Yoke"fel`low, n. Etym: [Yoke + fellow.]

Defn: An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow; especially, a partner in marriage. Phil. iv. 3. The two languages [English and French] became yokefellows in a still more intimate manner. Earle. Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion and yokefellow. Addison.

YOKEL
Yo"kel, n. Etym: [Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E. gawk.]

Defn: A country bumpkin. [Eng.] Dickens.

YOKELET
Yoke"let, n.

Defn: A small farm; — so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it. [Prov. Eng.]

YOKEMATE
Yoke"mate`, n.

Defn: Same as Yokefellow.

YOKE-TOED
Yoke"-toed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers.

YOLD
Yold, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded. Spenser.

YOLDEN
Yold"en, obs. p. p. of Yield.

Defn: Yielded.

YOLK Yolk, n. Etym: [OE. yolke, yelke, ýolke, ýelke, AS. geoloca, geoleca, fr. geolu yellow. See Yellow.] [Written also yelk.]

1. The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep. Yolk cord (Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. — Yolk gland (Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. See Illust. of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. — Yolk sack (Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

YOLL
Yoll, v. i.

Defn: To yell. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOM
Yom, n. [Heb. yom.]

Defn: Day; — a Hebrew word used in the names of various Jewish feast days; as, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; Yom Teruah (lit., day of shouting), the Feast of Trumpets.

YON Yon, a. Etym: [OE. yon, , AS. geon; akin to G. jener, OHG. jen, Icel. enn, inn; cf. Goth. jains. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic]
Read thy lot in yon celestial sign. Milton.
Though fast yon shower be fleeting. Keble.

YON
Yon, adv.

Defn: Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic] But, first and chiefest, with thee bring Him that yon soars on golden wing. Milton.

YONCOPIN
Yon"co*pin, n. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted from Illinois micoupena,
Chippewa makopin, the American lotus.] (Bot.)

Defn: A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the
American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).

YOND
Yond, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. anda, onda, anger, andian to be angry.]

Defn: Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood and yond." Spenser.

YOND
Yond, adv. & a. Etym: [OE. yond, ýond, ýeond, through, beyond, over,
AS. geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth. jaind thither. sq. root188. See
Yon, a.]

Defn: Yonder. [Obs.] "Yond in the garden." Chaucer.

YONDER Yon"der, adv. Etym: [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]

Defn: At a distance, but within view.
Yonder are two apple women scolding. Arbuthnot.

YONDER
Yon"der, a.

Defn: Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors, yonder alleys green." Milton. "Yonder sea of light." Keble. Yonder men are too many for an embassage. Bacon.

YONI
Yo"ni, n. Etym: [Skr. y.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.

YONKER
Yon"ker, n. Etym: [See Younker.]

Defn: A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

YORE Yore, adv. Etym: [OE. , yare, , AS. geára;akin to geár a year, E. year. Year.]

Defn: In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic]
As it hath been of olde times yore. Chaucer.
Which though he hath polluted oft and yore, Yet I to them for
judgment just do fly. Spenser.
Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. "But
Satan now is wiser than of yore." Pope.
Where Abraham fed his flock of yore. Keble.

YORKER
York"er, n. (Cricket)

Defn: A tice.

YORK RITE
York rite. (Freemasonry)

Defn: The rite or ceremonial observed by one of the Masonic systems, deriving its name from the city of York, in England; also, the system itself, which, in England, confers only the first three degrees.

YORKSHIRE
York"shire, n.

Defn: A county in the north of England. Yorkshire grit, a kind of
stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers.
Simmonds.
— Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.

YORK USE
York" use`. (Eccl.)

Defn: The one of the three printed uses of England which was followed in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use, n., 6. Shipley.

YOT
Yot, v. t.

Defn: To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.]

YOTE
Yote, v. t. Etym: [OE. , , to pour, AS. geótan. See Found to cast.]

Defn: To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Grose.
My fowls, which well enough, I, as before, found feeding at their
trough Their yoted wheat. Chapman.

YOU You, pron. [Possess. Your or Yours (; dat. & obj. You.] Etym: [OE. you, eou, eow, dat. & acc., AS. eów, used as dat. & acc. of ge, g, ye; akin to OFries. iu, io, D. u, G. euch, OHG. iu, dat., iuwih, acc., Icel. y, dat. & acc., Goth. izwis; of uncertain origin. sq. root189. Cf. Your.]

Defn: The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See the Note under Ye. Ye go to Canterbury; God you speed. Chaucer. Good sir, I do in friendship counsel you To leave this place. Shak. In vain you tell your parting lover You wish fair winds may waft him over. Prior.

Note: Though you is properly a plural, it is in all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb. "Are you he that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired " Shak. You and your are sometimes used indefinitely, like we, they, one, to express persons not specified. "The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but as you come near it, you see nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods." Addison. "Your medalist and critic are much nearer related than the world imagine." Addison. "It is always pleasant to be forced to do what you wish to do, but what, until pressed, you dare not attempt." Hook. You is often used reflexively for yourself of yourselves. "Your highness shall repose you at the tower." Shak.

YOUL
Youl, v. i.

Defn: To yell; to yowl. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOUNG Young, a. [Compar. Younger; superl. Youngest.] Etym: [OE. yung, yong, , , AS. geong; akin to OFries. iung, iong, D. joing, OS., OHG., & G. jung, Icel. ungr, Sw. & Dan. ung, Goth. juggs, Lith. jaunas, Russ. iunuii, L. juvencus, juvenis, Skr. juva, juven. Junior, Juniper, Juvenile, Younker, Youth.]

1. Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; — said of animals; as, a young child; a young man; a young fawn. For he so young and tender was of age. Chaucer. "Whom the gods love, die young," has been too long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, live young forever. Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2. Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, a young plant; a young tree. While the fears of the people were young. De Foe.

3. Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak. Come, come, elder brother, you are too young in this. Shak.

YOUNG
Young, n.

Defn: The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring
collectively.
[The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow
young. Milton.
With young, with child; pregnant.

YOUNGGER
Young"ger, n.

Defn: One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. "The elder shall serve the younger." Rom. ix. 12.

YOUNGISH
Young"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat young. Tatler.

YOUNGLING
Young"ling, n. Etym: [AS. geongling.]

Defn: A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life.
"More dear . . . than younglings to their dam." Spenser.
He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with us
younglings. Ridley.

YOUNGLING
Young"ling, a.

Defn: Young; youthful. Wordsworth.

YOUNGLY
Young"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geonglic.]

Defn: Like a young person or thing; young; youthful. [Obs.] Shak.

YOUNGLY
Young"ly, adv.

1. In a young manner; in the period of youth; early in life. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Ignorantly; weakly. [R.]

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION
Young Men's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual, social, and physical welfare of young men, founded, June 6, 1844, by George Williams (knighted therefor by Queen Victoria) in London. In 1851 it extended to the United States and Canada, and in 1855 representatives of similar organizations throughout Europe and America formed an international body. The movement has successfully expanded not only among young men in general, but also specifically among railroad men, in the army and navy, with provision for Indians and negroes, and a full duplication of all the various lines of oepration in the boys' departments.

YOUNGNESS
Young"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being young.

YOUNG ONE
Young one.

Defn: A young human being; a child; also, a young animal, as a colt.

YOUNGSTER
Young"ster, n.

Defn: A young person; a youngling; a lad. [Colloq.] "He felt himself quite a youngster, with a long life before him." G. Eliot.

YOUNGTH
Youngth, n.

Defn: Youth. [Obs.]
Youngth is a bubble blown up with breath. Spenser.

YOUNGTHLY
Youngth"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, youth; youthful. [Obs.] Spenser.

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION
Young Women's Christian Association.

Defn: An organization for promoting the spiritual, intellectual, social, and economic welfare of young women, originating in 1855 with Lady Kinnaird's home for young women, and Miss Emma Robert's prayer union for young women,in England, which were combined in the year 1884 as a national association. Now nearly all the civilized countries, and esp. the United States, have local, national, and international organizations.

YOUNKER Youn"ker, n. Etym: [D. jonker, jonkeer; jong young + heer a lord, sir, gentleman. See Young, a.]

Defn: A young person; a stripling; a yonker. [Obs. or Colloq.]
That same younker soon was overthrown. Spenser.

YOUPON
You"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YOUR Your, pron. & a. Etym: [OE. your, , eowr, eower, AS. eówer, originally used as the gen. of ge, ge, ye; akin to OFries. iuwer your, OS. iuwar, D. uw, OHG. iuwer, G. euer, Icel. ythar, Goth. izwara, izwar, and E. you. *189. See You.]

Defn: The form of the possessive case of the personal pronoun you.

Note: The possessive takes the form yours when the noun to which it refers is not expressed, but implied; as, this book is yours. "An old fellow of yours." Chaucer.

YOURS
Yours, pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURS
Yours (ürz), pron.

Defn: See the Note under Your.

YOURSELF
Your*self", pron.; pl. Yourselves. Etym: [Your + self.]

Defn: An emphasized or reflexive form of the pronoun of the second person; — used as a subject commonly with you; as, you yourself shall see it; also, alone in the predicate, either in the nominative or objective case; as, you have injured yourself. Of which right now ye han yourselve heard. Chaucer. If yourselves are old, make it your cause. Shak. Why should you be so cruel to yourself Milton. The religious movement which you yourself, as well as I, so faithfully followed from first to last. J. H. Newman.

YOUTH Youth (uth), n.; pl. Youths (uths; 264) or collectively Youth. Etym: [OE. youthe, youhþe, ýuhethe, ýuwethe, ýeoýethe, AS. geoguth, geogoth; akin to OS. jugth, D. jeugd, OHG. jugund, G. jugend, Goth. junda. *281. See Young.]

1. The quality or state of being young; youthfulness; juvenility. "In my flower of youth." Milton. Such as in his face Youth smiled celestial. Milton.

2. The part of life that succeeds to childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to manhood. He wondered that your lordship Would suffer him to spend his youth at home. Shak. Those who pass their youth in vice are justly condemned to spend their age in folly. Rambler.

3. A young person; especially, a young man. Seven youths from Athens yearly sent. Dryden.

4. Young persons, collectively. It is fit to read the best authors to youth first. B. Jonson.

YOUTHFUL
Youth"ful, a.

1. Not yet mature or aged; young. "Two youthful knights." Dryden.

Defn: Also used figuratively. "The youthful season of the year."
Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to the early part of life; suitable to early life; as, youthful days; youthful sports. "Warm, youthful blood." Shak. "Youthful thoughts." Milton.

3. Fresh; vigorous, as in youth. After millions of millions of ages . . . still youthful and flourishing. Bentley.

Syn. — Puerile; juvenile. — Youthful, Puerile, Juvenile. Puerile is always used in a bad sense, or at least in the sense of what is suitable to a boy only; as, puerile objections, puerile amusements, etc. Juvenile is sometimes taken in a bad sense, as when speaking of youth in contrast with manhood; as, juvenile tricks; a juvenile performance. Youthful is commonly employed in a good sense; as, youthful aspirations; or at least by way of extenuating; as, youthful indiscretions. "Some men, imagining themselves possessed with a divine fury, often fall into toys and trifles, which are only puerilities." Dryden. "Raw, juvenile writers imagine that, by pouring forth figures often, they render their compositions warm and animated." Blair. — Youth"ful*ly, adv. — Youth"ful*ness, n.

YOUTHHOOD
Youth"hood, n. Etym: [AS. geoguedhhad. See Youth, and -hood.]

Defn: The quality or state of being a youth; the period of youth.
Cheyne.

YOUTHLY
Youth"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geoguedhlic.]

Defn: Young; youthful. [Obs.] "All my youthly days." Spenser.

YOUTHSOME
Youth"some, a.

Defn: Youthful. [Obs.] Pepys.

YOUTHY
Youth"y, a.

Defn: Young. [Obs.] Spectator.

YOUZE
Youze, n. Etym: [From a native East Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cheetah.

YOW
Yow, pron.

Defn: You. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YOWE
Yowe, n. Etym: [See Ewe.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ewe. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] G. Eliot.

YOWL
Yowl, v. i. Etym: [See Yawl, v. i.]

Defn: To utter a loud, long, and mournful cry, as a dog; to howl; to yell.

YOWL
Yowl, n.

Defn: A loud, protracted, and mournful cry, as that of a dog; a howl.

YOWLEY
Yow"ley, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

YOX
Yox, v. i.

Defn: See Yex. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPIGHT
Y*pight", obs. p. p. of Pitch.

Defn: See Pight.

YPOCRAS
Yp"o*cras, n.

Defn: Hippocras. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YPRES LACE
Y"pres lace`.

Defn: Fine bobbin lace made at Ypres in Belgium, usually exactly like
Valenciennes lace.

YPSILIFORM
Yp*sil"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Resembling the

YPSILOID
Yp"si*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: In the form of the letter Y; Y-shaped.

YRAFT
Y*raft", obs. p. p. of Reave.

Defn: Bereft. Chaucer.

YREN
Yr"en, n.

Defn: Iron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YRONNE
Y*ron"ne, obs. p. p. of Run.

Defn: Run. Chaucer.

YSAME
Y*same", adv. Etym: [See Same.]

Defn: Together. [Obs.] "And in a bag all sorts of seeds ysame."
Spenser.

YT
Yt.

Defn: , an old method of printing that (AS. æt, edhæt) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "Þ"). Cf. Ye, the.

YT; YT
Yt, Yt (that),

Defn: an old method of printing that (AS. þæt, ðæt) the "y" taking the place of the old letter "thorn" (þ). Cf. Ye, the.

YTHROWE
Y*throwe", obs.

Defn: p. p. of Throw. Chaucer.

YTTERBIC
Yt*ter"bic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ytterbium; containing ytterbium.

YTTERBIUM
Yt*ter"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the boron group, sometimes associated with yttrium or other related elements, as in euxenite and gadolinite. Symbol Yb; provisional atomic weight 173.2. Cf. Yttrium.

Note: Ytterbium is associated with other rare elements, and probably has not been prepared in a pure state.

YTTRIA
Yt"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Yttrium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide, Y2O3, or earth, of yttrium.

YTTRIC
Yt"tric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, yttrium.

YTTRIFEROUS
Yt*trif"er*ous, a.

Defn: Bearing or containing yttrium or the allied elements; as, gadolinite is one of the yttriferous minerals.

YTTRIOUS
Yt"tri*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Yttric.

YTTRIUM
Yt"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Ytterby, in Sweden. See Erbium.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element of the boron-aluminium group, found in gadolinite and other rare minerals, and extracted as a dark gray powder. Symbol Y. Atomic weight, 89. [Written also ittrium.]

Note: Associated with yttrium are certain rare elements, as erbium, ytterbium, samarium, etc., which are separated in a pure state with great difficulty. They are studied by means of their spark or phosphorescent spectra. Yttrium is now regarded as probably not a simple element, but as a mixture of several substances.

YTTRO-CERITE
Yt`tro-ce"rite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a violet-blue color, inclining to gray and white.
It is a hydrous fluoride of cerium, yttrium, and calcium.

YTTRO-COLUMBITE; YTTRO-TANTALITE
Yt`tro-co*lum"bite, Yt`tro-tan"ta*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A tantalate of uranium, yttrium, and calcium, of a brown or black color.

YU
Yu, n. Etym: [Chin.] (Min.)

Defn: Jade.

YUCCA
Yuc"ca, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Flicker, n., 2.

YUCCA
Yuc"ca, n. Etym: [NL., from Yuca, its name in St. Domingo.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American liliaceous, sometimes arborescent, plants having long, pointed, and often rigid, leaves at the top of a more or less woody stem, and bearing a large panicle of showy white blossoms.

Note: The species with more rigid leaves (as Yucca aloifolia, Y. Treculiana, and Y. baccata) are called Spanish bayonet, and one with softer leaves (Y. filamentosa) is called bear grass, and Adam's needle. Yucca moth (Zoöl.), a small silvery moth (Pronuba yuccasella) whose larvæ feed on plants of the genus Yucca.

YUCCA BORER Yuc"ca bor`er. (a) A California boring weevil (Yuccaborus frontalis). (b) A large mothlike butterfly (Megathymus yuccæ) of the family Megatimidæ, whose larva bores in yucca roots.

YUCK
Yuck, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. jucken, D. yeuken, joken. See Itch.]

Defn: To itch. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

YUCK
Yuck, v. t.

Defn: To scratch. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

YUCKEL
Yuck"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yockel.

YUEN
Yu"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crowned gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), native of Siam, Southern China, and the Island of Hainan. It is entirely arboreal in its habits, and has very long arms. the males are dark brown or blackish, with a caplike mass of long dark hair, and usually with a white band around the face. The females are yellowish white, with a dark spot on the breast and another on the crown. Called also wooyen, and wooyen ape.

YUFTS
Yufts, n. Etym: [Russ. iufte.]

Defn: Russia leather.

YUG; YUGA
Yug, Yu"ga, n. Etym: [Skr. yuga an age, a yoke. See Yoke.] (Hindoo
Cosmog.)

Defn: Any one of the four ages, Krita, or Satya, Treta, Dwapara, and Kali, into which the Hindoos divide the duration or existence of the world.

YUKE
Yuke, v. i. & t.

Defn: Same as Yuck. [Prov. Eng.]

YULAN
Yu"lan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Magnolia (M. conspicua) with large white blossoms that open before the leaves. See the Note under Magnolia.

YULE
Yule, n. Etym: [OE. yol, ýol, AS. geól; akin to geóla December or
January, Icel. jol Yule, Ylir the name of a winter month, Sw. jul
Christmas, Dan. juul, Goth. jiuleis November or December. Cf. Jolly.]

Defn: Christmas or Christmastide; the feast of the Nativity of our Savior. And at each pause they kiss; was never seen such rule In any place but here, at bonfire, or at Yule. Drayton. Yule block, or Yule log, a large log of wood formerly put on the hearth of Christmas eve, as the foundation of the fire. It was brought in with much ceremony. — Yule clog, the yule log. Halliwell. W. Irving.

YULETIDE
Yule"tide`, n.

Defn: Christmas time; Christmastide; the season of Christmas.

YUMAN
Yu"man, a.

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, an important linguistic stock of North American Indians of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, nearly all agriculturists and adept potters and basket makers. Their usual dwelling is the brush wikiup, and in their native state they wear little clothing. The Yuma, Maricopa, Mohave, Walapi, and Yavapai are among the chief tribes, all of fine physique.

YUMAS
Yu"mas, n. pl.; sing. Yuma (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians native of Arizona and the adjacent parts of Mexico and California. They are agricultural, and cultivate corn, wheat, barley, melons, etc.

Note: The a wider sense, the term sometimes includes the Mohaves and other allied tribes.

YUNCA
Yun"ca (yoon"ka), n.

Defn: An Indian of a linguistic stock of tribes of the Peruvian coast who had a developed agricultural civilization at the advent of the Spaniards, before which they had been conquered by the Incas. They constructed irrigation canals which are still in use, adorned their buildings with bas-reliefs and frescoes, and were skilled goldsmiths and silversmiths. — Yun"can (#), a.

YUNX
Yunx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds comprising the wrynecks.

YUPON
Yu"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YUX
Yux, n. & v.

Defn: See Yex, n. [Obs.]

YVEL
Y"vel, a. & adv.

Defn: Evil; ill. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YWAR
Y*war", a. Etym: [See Aware.]

Defn: Aware; wary. [Obs.] "Be ywar, and his way shun." Piers Plowman.

YWIS Y*wis", adv. Etym: [OE. ywis, iwis, AS. gewis certain; akin to D. gewis, G. gewiss, and E. wit to know. See Wit to know, and Y-.]

Defn: Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. [Obs. or Archaic]
"Ywis," quod he, "it is full dear, I say." Chaucer.
She answered me, "I-wisse, all their sport in the park is but a
shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato." Ascham.
A right good knight, and true of word ywis. Spenser.

Note: The common form iwis was often written with the prefix apart from the rest of the word and capitalized, as, I wis, I wisse, etc. The prefix was mistaken for the pronoun, I and wis, wisse, for a form of the verb wit to know. See Wis, and cf. Wit, to know. Our ship, I wis, Shall be of another form than this. Longfellow.

Z Z (ze; in England commonly, and in America sometimes, zêd; formerly, also, îz"zêrd)

Defn: Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 273, 274.

ZA
Za, n. (Min.)

Defn: An old solfeggio name for B flat; the seventh harmonic, as heard in the or æolian string; — so called by Tartini. It was long considered a false, but is the true note of the chord of the flat seventh. H. W. Poole.

ZABAISM; ZABISM
Za"ba*ism, Za"bism, n.

Defn: See Sabianism.

ZABIAN
Za"bi*an, a. & n.

Defn: See Sabian.

ZACCO
Zac"co, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Zocco.

ZACHUN
Za*chun", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An oil pressed by the Arabs from the fruit of a small thorny tree (Balanites Ægyptiaca), and sold to piligrims for a healing ointment. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAERTHE
Zaer"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zärthe.

ZAFFER Zaf"fer, n. Etym: [F. zafre, safre; cf. Sp. zafra, safra, It. saffera, G. zaffer; all probably of Arabic origin. Cf. Zaphara.]

Defn: A pigment obtained, usually by roasting cobalt glance with sand or quartz, as a dark earthy powder. It consists of crude cobalt oxide, or of an impure cobalt arseniate. It is used in porcelain painting, and in enameling pottery, to produce a blue color, and is often confounded with smalt, from which, however, it is distinct, as it contains no potash. The name is often loosely applied to mixtures of zaffer proper with silica, or oxides of iron, manganese, etc. [Written also zaffre, and formerly zaffree, zaffar, zaffir.]

ZAIM
Zaim, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'im.]

Defn: A Turkish chief who supports a mounted militia bearing the same name. Smart.

ZAIMET
Zaim"et, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. za'imet.]

Defn: A district from which a Zaim draws his revenue. Smart.

ZAIN
Zain, n.

Defn: A horse of a dark color, neither gray nor white, and having no spots. Smart.

ZALAMBDODONT
Za*lamb"do*dont, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a tribe (Zalambdodonta) of Insectivora in which the molar teeth have but one V-shaped ridge.

ZALAMBDODONT
Za*lamb"do*dont, n.

Defn: One of the Zalambdodonta. The tenrec, solenodon, and golden moles are examples.

ZAMANG
Za*mang", n. (Bot.)

Defn: An immense leguminous tree (Pithecolobium Saman) of Venezuela. Its branches form a hemispherical mass, often one hundred and eighty feet across. The sweet pulpy pods are used commonly for feeding cattle. Also called rain tree. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

ZAMBO
Zam"bo, n.; pl. Zambos. Etym: [See Sambo.]

Defn: The child of a mulatto and a negro; also, the child of an
Indian and a negro; colloquially or humorously, a negro; a sambo.

ZAMIA
Za"mi*a, n. Etym: [L. zamia a kind of fir cone, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cycadaceous plants, having the appearance of low palms, but with exogenous wood. See Coontie, and Illust. of Strobile.

ZAMINDAR Zam`in*dar", n. Etym: [Hind. zemindar, zamindar, a landholder, Per. zamindar; zamin land dar holding.]

Defn: A landowner; also, a collector of land revenue; now, usually, a kind of feudatory recognized as an actual proprietor so long as he pays to the government a certain fixed revenue. [Written also zemindar.] [India]

ZAMINDARY; ZAMINDARI
Zam"in*da*ry, Zam"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: The jurisdiction of a zamindar; the land possessed by a zamindar. [Written also zemindary, zemindari.]

ZAMITE
Za"mite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil cycad of the genus Zamia.

ZAMOUSE
Za*mouse", n. Etym: [From a native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West African buffalo (Bubalus brachyceros) having short horns depressed at the base, and large ears fringed internally with three rows of long hairs. It is destitute of a dewlap. Called also short- horned buffalo, and bush cow.

ZAMPOGNA
Zam*po"gna, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A sort of bagpipe formerly in use among Italian peasants. It is now almost obsolete. [Written also zampugna.]

ZANDER
Zan"der, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European pike perch (Stizostedion lucioperca) allied to the wall-eye; — called also sandari, sander, sannat, schill, and zant.

ZANDMOLE Zand"mole`, n. Etym: [Cf. D. zand sand. See Sand, and Mole the animal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sand mole.

ZANTE
Zan"te, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Zantewood.

ZANTE CURRANT
Zan"te cur"rant.

Defn: A kind of seedless grape or raisin; — so called from Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANTEWOOD Zan"te*wood`, n. (Bot.) (a) A yellow dyewood; fustet; — called also zante, and zante fustic. See Fustet, and the Note under Fustic. (b) Satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia).

ZANTIOT
Zan"ti*ot, n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Zante, one of the Ionian Islands.

ZANY
Za"ny, n.; pl. Zanies. Etym: [It. zanni a buffoon, merry-andrew,
orig. same as Giovanni John, i. e., merry John, L. Ioannes, Gr.
Yokhanan, prop., the Lord graciously gave: cf. F. zani, fr. the
Italian. Cf. Jenneting.]

Defn: A merry-andrew; a buffoon.
Then write that I may follow, and so be Thy echo, thy debtor, thy
foil, thy zany. Donne.
Preacher at once, and zany of thy age. Pope.

ZANY
Za"ny, v. t.

Defn: To mimic. [Obs.]
Your part is acted; give me leave at distance To zany it. Massinger.

ZANYISM
Za"ny*ism, n.

Defn: State or character of a zany; buffoonery. Coleridge. H. Morley.

ZAPAS
Za*pas", n. [Russ.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

ZAPATERA
Za`pa*te"ra, n. [Sp. aceituna zapatera.] (Olive trade)

Defn: A cured olive which has spoiled or is on the verge of decomposition; loosely, an olive defective because of bruises, wormholes, or the like.

ZAPHARA
Zaph"a*ra, n.

Defn: Zaffer.

ZAPHRENTIS
Za*phren"tis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of cyathophylloid corals common in the Paleozoic formations. It is cup-shaped with numerous septa, and with a deep pit in one side of the cup.

ZAPOTILLA
Zap`o*til"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sapodilla.

ZAPTIAH
Zap"ti*ah, n.

Defn: A Turkish policeman. [Written also zaptieh.]

ZARATHUSTRIAN; ZARATHUSTRIC
Zar`a*thus"tri*an, Zar`a*thus"tric, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Zarathustra, or Zoroaster; Zoroastrian.
Tylor.

ZARATHUSTRISM
Zar`a*thus"trism, n.

Defn: See Zoroastrianism.

ZARATITE
Zar"a*tite, n. (Min.) Etym: [Named after Gen. Zarata of Spain.]

Defn: A hydrous carbonate of nickel occurring as an emerald-green incrustation on chromite; — called also emerald nickel.

ZAREBA
Za*re"ba, n. (Mil.)

Defn: An improvised stockade; especially, one made of thorn bushes, etc. [Written also zareeba, and zeriba.] [Egypt] "Ah," he moralizes, "what wonderful instinct on the part of this little creature to surround itself with a zareba like the troops after Osman Digma." R. Jefferies.

ZARF
Zarf, n. [Ar.] (Art)

Defn: A metallic cuplike stand used for holding a finjan.

ZARNICH
Zar"nich, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. az-zernikh, fr. Gr. Arsenic.] (Min.)

Defn: Native sulphide of arsenic, including sandarach, or realgar, and orpiment.

ZARTHE; ZAERTHE
Zär"the, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European bream (Abramis vimba). [Written also zaerthe.]

ZASTRUGI Zas*tru"gi, n. pl.; sing. -ga (#). [Russ. zastruga furrow made on the shore by water.]

Defn: Grooves or furrows formed in snow by the action of the wind, and running parallel with the direction of the wind. This formation results from the erosion of transverse waves previously formed.

ZATI
Za"ti, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of macaque (Macacus pileatus) native of India and Ceylon. It has a crown of long erect hair, and tuft of radiating hairs on the back of the head. Called also capped macaque.

ZAUSCHNERIA Zau*schne"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., named for M. Zauschner, a Bohemian botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowering plants. Zauschneria Californica is a suffrutescent perennial, with showy red flowers much resembling those of the garden fuchsia.

ZAX
Zax, n.

Defn: A tool for trimming and puncturing roofing states. [Written also sax.]

ZAYAT
Za"yat, n.

Defn: A public shed, or portico, for travelers, worshipers, etc.
[Burmah]

ZEA
Ze"a, n. Etym: [L., a kind of grain, fr. Gr. yava barley.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of large grasses of which the Indian corn (Zea Mays) is the only species known. Its origin is not yet ascertained. See Maize.

ZEAL Zeal, n. Etym: [F. zèle; cf. Pg. & It. zelo, Sp. zelo, celo; from L. zelus, Gr. Yeast, Jealous.]

1. Passionate ardor in the pursuit of anything; eagerness in favor of a person or cause; ardent and active interest; engagedness; enthusiasm; fervor. "Ambition varnished o'er with zeal." Milton. "Zeal, the blind conductor of the will." Dryden. "Zeal's never-dying fire." Keble. I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. Rom. x. 2. A zeal for liberty is sometimes an eagerness to subvert with little care what shall be established. Johnson.

2. A zealot. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

ZEAL
Zeal, v. i.

Defn: To be zealous. [Obs. & R.] Bacon.

ZEALANT
Zeal"ant, n.

Defn: One who is zealous; a zealot; an enthusiast. [Obs.]
To certain zealants, all speech of pacification is odious. Bacon.

ZEALED
Zealed, a.

Defn: Full of zeal; characterized by zeal. [Obs.] "Zealed religion."
Beau. & Fl.

ZEALFUL
Zeal"ful, a.

Defn: Full of zeal. [R.] Sylvester.

ZEALLESS
Zeal"less, a.

Defn: Wanting zeal. Hammond.

ZEALOT
Zeal"ot, n. Etym: [F. zélote, L. zelotes, Gr. Zeal.]

Defn: One who is zealous; one who engages warmly in any cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor; especially, one who is overzealous, or carried away by his zeal; one absorbed in devotion to anything; an enthusiast; a fanatical partisan. Zealots for the one [tradition] were in hostile array against zealots for the other. Sir J. Stephen. In Ayrshire, Clydesdale, Nithisdale, Annandale, every parish was visited by these turbulent zealots. Macaulay.

ZEALOTICAL
Zea*lot"ic*al, a.

Defn: Like, or suitable to, a zealot; ardently zealous. [R.] Strype.

ZEALOTISM
Zeal"ot*ism, n.

Defn: The character or conduct of a zealot; zealotry.

ZEALOTIST
Zeal"ot*ist, n.

Defn: A zealot. [Obs.] Howell.

ZEALOTRY
Zeal"ot*ry, n.

Defn: The character and behavior of a zealot; excess of zeal; fanatical devotion to a cause. Enthusiasm, visionariness, seems the tendency of the German; zeal, zealotry, of the English; fanaticism, of the French. Coleridge.

ZEALOUS
Zeal"ous, a. Etym: [LL. zelosus. See Zeal.]

1. Filled with, or characterized by, zeal; warmly engaged, or ardent, in behalf of an object. He may be zealous in the salvation of souls. Law.

2. Filled with religious zeal. [Obs.] Shak.
— Zeal"ous*ly, adv.
— Zeal"ous*ness, n.

ZEBEC
Ze"bec, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Xebec.

ZEBRA
Ze"bra, n. Etym: [Pg. zebra; cf. Sp. cebra; probably from a native
African name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of South African wild horses remarkable for having the body white or yellowish white, and conspicuously marked with dark brown or brackish bands.

Note: The true or mountain zebra (Equus, or Asinus, zebra) is nearly white, and the bands which cover the body and legs are glossy black. Its tail has a tuft of black hair at the tip. It inhabits the mountains of Central and Southern Africa, and is noted for its wariness and wildness, as well as for its swiftness. The second species (Equus, or Asinus, Burchellii), known as Burchell's zebra, and dauw, inhabits the grassy plains of South Africa, and differs from the preceding in not having dark bands on the legs, while those on the body are more irregular. It has a long tail, covered with long white flowing hair. Zebra caterpillar, the larva of an American noctuid moth (Mamestra picta). It is light yellow, with a broad black stripe on the back and one on each side; the lateral stripes are crossed with withe lines. It feeds on cabbages, beets, clover, and other cultivated plants. — Zebra opossum, the zebra wolf. See under Wolf. — Zebra parrakeet, an Australian grass parrakeet, often kept as a cage bird. Its upper parts are mostly pale greenish yellow, transversely barred with brownish black crescents; the under parts, rump, and upper tail coverts, are bright green; two central tail feathers and the cheek patches are blue. Called also canary parrot, scallop parrot, shell parrot, and undulated parrot. — Zebra poison (Bot.), a poisonous tree (Euphorbia arborea) of the Spurge family, found in South Africa. Its milky juice is so poisonous that zebras have been killed by drinking water in which its branches had been placed, and it is also used as an arrow poison. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). — Zebra shark. Same as Tiger shark, under Tiger. — Zebra spider, a hunting spider. — Zebra swallowtail, a very large North American swallow-tailed butterfly (Iphiclides ajax), in which the wings are yellow, barred with black; — called also ajax. — Zebra wolf. See under Wolf.

ZEBRAWOOD Ze"bra*wood`, n. (a) A kind of cabinet wood having beautiful black, brown, and whitish stripes, the timber of a tropical American tree (Connarus Guianensis). (b) The wood of a small West Indian myrtaceous tree (Eugenia fragrans). (c) The wood of an East Indian tree of the genus Guettarda.

ZEBRINE
Ze"brine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the zebra.

ZEBRINNY
Ze*brin"ny, n.; pl. -nies.

Defn: A cross between a male horse and a female zebra.

ZEBRULA; ZEBRULE
Ze"bru*la, Ze"brule, n.

Defn: A cross between a male zebra and a female horse.

ZEBU
Ze"bu, n. [zébu; of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Ros Indicus) extensively domesticated in India, China, the East Indies, and East Africa. It usually has short horns, large pendulous ears, slender legs, a large dewlap, and a large, prominent hump over the shoulders; but these characters vary in different domestic breeds, which range in size from that of the common ox to that of a large mastiff.

Note: Some of the varieties are used as beasts of burden, and some fore for riding, while others are raised for their milk and flesh. The Brahmin bull, regarded as sacred by the Hindoos, also belongs to this species. The male is called also Indian bull, Indian ox, Madras ox, and sacred bull.

ZEBUB
Ze"bub, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large noxious fly of Abyssinia, which like the tsetse fly, is destructive to cattle.

ZECHIN
Ze"chin, n.

Defn: See Sequin.

ZECHSTEIN
Zech"stein`, n. Etym: [Gr., fr. zeche a mine + stein a stone.]
(Geol.)

Defn: The upper division of the Permian (Dyas) of Europe. The prevailing rock is a magnesian limestone.

ZED
Zed, n. Etym: [F., probably through It. zeta, fr. L. zeta. See Zeta.]

Defn: The letter Z; — called also zee, and formerly izzard. "Zed, thou unnecessary letter!" Shak.

ZEDOARY Zed"o*a*ry, n. Etym: [F. zédoaire, LL. zedoaria; cf. It. zedoaria, zettovario, Pg. zedoaria, Sp. zedoaria, cedoaria; all fr. Ar. & Per. zedw.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicinal substance obtained in the East Indian, having a fragrant smell, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is used in medicine as a stimulant.

Note: It is the rhizome of different species of Curcuma, esp. C. zedoaria, and comes in short, firm pieces, externally of a wrinkled gray, ash-colored appearance, but within of a brownish red color. There are two kinds, round zedoary, and long zedoary.

ZEEKOE
Zee"koe, n. Etym: [D., sea cow, lake cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hippopotamus.

ZEEMAN EFFECT
Zee"man ef*fect". (Physics)

Defn: The widening and duplication, triplication, etc., of spectral lines when the radiations emanate in a strong magnetic field, first observed in 1896 by P. Zeeman, a Dutch physicist, and regarded as an important confirmation of the electromagnetic theory of light.

ZEHNER
Zeh"ner, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: An Austrian silver coin equal to ten kreutzers, or about five cents.

ZEIN
Ze"in, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zé\'8bne. See Zea.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous substance of the nature of gluten, obtained from the seeds of Indian corn (Zea) as a soft, yellowish, amorphous substance. [Formerly written zeine.]

ZEITGEIST Zeit"geist`, n. [G.; zeit time + geist spirit. See Tide, n.; Ghost, n.]

Defn: The spirit of the time; the general intellectual and moral state or temper characteristic of any period of time.

ZEMINDAR
Zem`in*dar", n.

Defn: Same as Zamindar.

ZEMINDARY; ZEMINDARI
Zem"in*da*ry, Zem"in*da*ri, n.

Defn: Same as Zamindary.

ZEMNI
Zem"ni, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blind mole rat (Spalax typhlus), native of Eastern Europe and Asia. Its eyes and ears are rudimentary, and its fur is soft and brownish, more or less tinged with gray. It constructs extensive burrows.

ZEMSTVO
Zem"stvo, n. [Russ., fr. zemlya land.]

Defn: In Russia, an elective local district and provincial administrative assembly. Originally it was composed of representatives elected by the peasantry, the householders of the towns, and the landed proprietors. In the reign of Alexander III. the power of the noble landowners was increased, the peasants allowed only to elect candidates from whom the governor of the province nominated the deputy, and all acts of the zemstvo subjected to the approval of the governor. Theoretically the zemstvo has large powers relating to taxation, education, public health, etc., but practically these powers are in most cases limited to the adjustment of the state taxation.

ZENANA Ze*na"na, n. Etym: [Hind. zenana, zanana, fr. Per. zanana, fr. zan woman; akin to E. queen.]

Defn: The part of a dwelling appropriated to women. [India]

ZEND
Zend, n. Etym: [See Zend-Avesta.]

Defn: Properly, the translation and exposition in the Huzvâresh, or literary Pehlevi, language, of the Avesta, the Zoroastrian sacred writings; as commonly used, the language (an ancient Persian dialect) in which the Avesta is written.

ZEND-AVESTA Zend`-A*ves"ta, n. Etym: [Properly, the Avesta, or sacred text, and its zend, or interpretation, in a more modern and intelligible language. W. D. Whitney.]

Defn: The sacred writings of the ancient Persian religion, attributed to Zoroaster, but chiefly of a later date.

ZENDIK
Zen"dik, n. Etym: [Ar. zandik.]

Defn: An atheist or unbeliever; — name given in the East to those charged with disbelief of any revealed religion, or accused of magical heresies.

ZENICK
Ze"nick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African burrowing mammal (Suricata tetradactyla), allied to the civets. It is grayish brown, with yellowish transverse stripes on the back. Called also suricat.

ZENIK
Ze"nik, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Zenick.

ZENITH Ze"nith, n. Etym: [OE. senyth, OF. cenith, F. zénith, Sp. zenit, cenit, abbrev. fr. Ar. samt-urras way of the head, vertical place; samt way, path + al the + ras head. Cf. Azimuth.]

1. That point in the visible celestial hemisphere which is vertical to the spectator; the point of the heavens directly overhead; — opposed to nadir. From morn To noon he fell, from noon to dewy eve, A summer's day; and with the setting sun Dropped from the zenith, like a falling star. Milton.

2. hence, figuratively, the point of culmination; the greatest height; the height of success or prosperity. I find my zenith doth depend upon A most auspicious star. Shak. This dead of midnight is the noon of thought, And wisdom mounts her zenith with the stars. Mrs. Barbauld. It was during those civil troubles . . . this aspiring family reached the zenith. Macaulay. Zenith distance. (Astron.) See under Distance. — Zenith sector. (Astron.) See Sector, 3. — Zenith telescope (Geodesy), a telescope specially designed for determining the latitude by means of any two stars which pass the meridian about the same time, and at nearly equal distances from the zenith, but on opposite sides of it. It turns both on a vertical and a horizontal axis, is provided with a graduated vertical semicircle, and a level for setting it to a given zenith distance, and with a micrometer for measuring the difference of the zenith distances of the two stars.

ZENITHAL
Ze"nith*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the zenith. "The deep zenithal blue."
Tyndall.

ZEOLITE
Ze"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. zéolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A term now used to designate any one of a family of minerals, hydrous silicates of alumina, with lime, soda, potash, or rarely baryta. Here are included natrolite, stilbite, analcime, chabazite, thomsonite, heulandite, and others. These species occur of secondary origin in the cavities of amygdaloid, basalt, and lava, also, less frequently, in granite and gneiss. So called because many of these species intumesce before the blowpipe. Needle zeolite, needlestone; natrolite.

ZEOLITIC
Ze`o*lit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zeolite; consisting of, or resembling, a zeolite.

ZEOLITIFORM
Ze`o*lit"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a zeolite.

ZEPHYR
Zeph"yr, n. Etym: [L. zephyrus, Gr. zéphyr.]

Defn: The west wind; poetically, any soft, gentle breeze. "Soft the
zephyr blows." Gray.
As gentle As zephyrs blowing below the violet. Shak.
Zephyr cloth, a thin kind of cassimere made in Belgium; also, a
waterproof fabric of wool.
— Zephyr shawl, a kind of thin, light, embroidered shawl made of
worsted and cotton.
— Zephyr yarn, or worsted, a fine, soft kind of yarn or worsted, —
used for knitting and embroidery.

ZEPHYRUS
Zeph"y*rus, n. Etym: [L. See Zephyr.]

Defn: The west wind, or zephyr; — usually personified, and made the most mild and gentle of all the sylvan deities. Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes. Milton.

ZEPPELIN
Zep`pe*lin" (tsep`pe*le"; Angl. zep"pe*lin), n.

Defn: A dirigible balloon of the rigid type, consisting of a cylindrical trussed and covered frame supported by internal gas cells, and provided with means of propulsion and control. It was first successfully used by Ferdinand Count von Zeppelin.

ZEQUIN
Ze"quin, n.

Defn: See Sequin.

ZERDA
Zer"da, n. Etym: [Of African origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fennec.

ZERIBA
Ze*ri"ba, n. (Mil.)

Defn: Same as Zareba.

ZERO Ze"ro, n; pl. Zeros or Zeroes. Etym: [F. zéro, from Ar. çafrun, çifrun, empty, a cipher. Cf. Cipher.]

1. (Arith.)

Defn: A cipher; nothing; naught.

2. The point from which the graduation of a scale, as of a thermometer, commences.

Note: Zero in the Centigrade, or Celsius thermometer, and in the Réaumur thermometer, is at the point at which water congeals. The zero of the Fahrenheit thermometer is fixed at the point at which the mercury stands when immersed in a mixture of snow and common salt. In Wedgwood's pyrometer, the zero corresponds with 1077° on the Fahrenheit scale. See Illust. of Thermometer.

3. Fig.: The lowest point; the point of exhaustion; as, his patience had nearly reached zero. Absolute zero. See under Absolute. — Zero method (Physics), a method of comparing, or measuring, forces, electric currents, etc., by so opposing them that the pointer of an indicating apparatus, or the needle of a galvanometer, remains at, or is brought to, zero, as contrasted with methods in which the deflection is observed directly; — called also null method. — Zero point, the point indicating zero, or the commencement of a scale or reckoning.

ZEST Zest, n. Etym: [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft, divided, Gr. Schism.]

1. A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc.

2. Hence, something that gives or enhances a pleasant taste, or the taste itself; an appetizer; also, keen enjoyment; relish; gusto. Almighty Vanity! to thee they owe Their zest of pleasure, and their balm of woe. Young. Liberality of disposition and conduct gives the highest zest and relish to social intercourse. Gogan.

3. The woody, thick skin inclosing the kernel of a walnut. [Obs.]

ZEST
Zest, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zested; p. pr. & vb. n. Zesting.]

1. To cut into thin slips, as the peel of an orange, lemon, etc.; to squeeze, as peel, over the surface of anything.

2. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten the taste or relish of; as, to zest wine. Gibber.

ZETA
Ze"ta, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Zed.]

Defn: A Greek letter [z] corresponding to our z.

ZETETIC
Ze*tet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zététique.]

Defn: Seeking; proceeding by inquiry. Zetetic method (Math.), the method used for finding the value of unknown quantities by direct search, in investigation, or in the solution of problems. [R.] Hutton.

ZETETIC
Ze*tet"ic, n.

Defn: A seeker; — a name adopted by some of the Pyrrhonists.

ZETETICS
Ze*tet"ics, n. Etym: [See Zetetic, a.] (Math.)

Defn: A branch of algebra which relates to the direct search for unknown quantities. [R.]

ZEUGLODON
Zeu"glo*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Eocene whales, remains of which have been found in the Gulf States. The species had very long and slender bodies and broad serrated teeth. See Phocodontia.

ZEUGLODONT
Zeu"glo*dont, (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Zeuglodonta.

ZEUGLODONTA
Zeu`glo*don"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Phocodontia.

ZEUGMA
Zeug"ma, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Yoke.] (Gram.)

Defn: A figure by which an adjective or verb, which agrees with a nearer word, is, by way of supplement, referred also to another more remote; as, "hic illius arma, hic currus fuit;" where fuit, which agrees directly with currus, is referred also to arma.

ZEUGMATIC
Zeug*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zeugma; characterized by zeugma.

ZEUGOBRANCHIATA
Zeu`go*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zygobranchia.

ZEUS
Zeus, n. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The chief deity of the Greeks, and ruler of the upper world (cf. Hades). He was identified with Jupiter.

ZEUZERIAN
Zeu*ze"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of a group of bombycid moths of which the genus Zeuzera is the type. Some of these moths are of large size. The goat moth is an example.

ZEYLANITE
Zey"lan*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Ceylanite.

ZIBET; ZIBETH
Zib"et, Zib"eth, n. Etym: [Cf. It. zibetto. See Civet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivorous mammal (Viverra zibetha) closely allied to the civet, from which it differs in having the spots on the body less distinct, the throat whiter, and the black rings on the tail more numerous.

Note: It inhabits India, Southern China, and the East Indies. It yields a perfume similar to that of the civet. It is often domesticated by the natives, and then serves the same purposes as the domestic cat. Called also Asiatic, or Indian, civet.

ZIEGA
Zie"ga, n.

Defn: Curd produced from milk by adding acetic acid, after rennet has ceased to cause coagulation. Brande & C.

ZIETRISIKITE
Zie`tri*si"kite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral wax, vert similar to ozocerite. It is found at
Zietrisika, Moldavia, whence its name.

ZIF
Zif, n. Etym: [Heb. ziv.]

Defn: The second month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding to our May.

ZIGGER; ZIGHYR
Zig"ger, Zig"hyr, v. i. (Mining)

Defn: Same as Sicker. [Prov. Eng.] Raymond.

ZIGZAG Zig"zag`, n. Etym: [F. zigzag, G. zickzack, from zacke, zacken, a dentil, tooth. Cf. Tack a small nail.]

1. Something that has short turns or angles. The fanatics going straight forward and openly, the politicians by the surer mode of zigzag. Burke.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: A molding running in a zigzag line; a chevron, or series of chevrons. See Illust. of Chevron, 3.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: See Boyau.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, a.

Defn: Having short, sharp turns; running this way and that in an onward course.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zigzagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Zigzagging.]

Defn: To form with short turns.

ZIGZAG
Zig"zag`, v. i.

Defn: To move in a zigzag manner; also, to have a zigzag shape. R.
Browning.

ZIGZAGGERY
Zig"zag`ger*y, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being zigzag; crookedness. [R.]
The . . . zigzaggery of my father's approaches. Sterne.

ZIGZAGGY
Zig"zag`gy, a.

Defn: Having sharp turns. Barham.

ZIKKURAT
Zik"ku*rat, n.

Defn: A temple tower of the Babylonians or Assyrians, consisting of a lofty pyramidal structure, built in successive stages, with outside staircases, and a shrine at the top.

ZILLA
Zil"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, thorny, suffrutescent, crucifeous plant (Zilla myagroides) found in the deserts of Egypt. Its leaves are boiled in water, and eaten, by the Arabs.

ZILLAH
Zil"lah, n. Etym: [Ar. zila.]

Defn: A district or local division, as of a province. [India]

ZIMB
Zimb, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, venomous, two-winged fly, native of Abyssinia. It is allied to the tsetse fly, and, like the latter, is destructive to cattle.

ZIMENT-WATER
Zim"ent-wa`ter, n. Etym: [G. cement-wasser. See Cement.]

Defn: A kind of water found in copper mines; water impregnated with copper.

ZIMOCCA
Zi*moc"ca, n.

Defn: A sponge (Euspongia zimocca) of flat form and fine quality, from the Adriatic, about the Greek islands, and the coast of Barbary.

ZINC Zinc, n. Etym: [G. zinc, probably akin to zinn tin: cf. F. zinc, from the German. Cf. Tin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An abundant element of the magnesium-cadmium group, extracted principally from the minerals zinc blende, smithsonite, calamine, and franklinite, as an easily fusible bluish white metal, which is malleable, especially when heated. It is not easily oxidized in moist air, and hence is used for sheeting, coating galvanized iron, etc. It is used in making brass, britannia, and other alloys, and is also largely consumed in electric batteries. Symbol Zn. Atomic weight 64.9 [Formerly written also zink.] Butter of zinc (Old Chem.), zinc chloride, ZnCl2, a deliquescent white waxy or oily substance. — Oxide of zinc. (Chem.) See Zinc oxide, below. — Zinc amine (Chem.), a white amorphous substance, Zn(NH2)2, obtained by the action of ammonia on zinc ethyl; — called also zinc amide. — Zinc amyle (Chem.), a colorless, transparent liquid, composed of zinc and amyle, which, when exposed to the atmosphere, emits fumes, and absorbs oxygen with rapidity. — Zinc blende Etym: [cf. G. zinkblende] (Min.), a native zinc sulphide. See Blende, n. (a) — Zinc bloom Etym: [cf. G. zinkblumen flowers of zinc, oxide of zinc] (Min.), hydrous carbonate of zinc, usually occurring in white earthy incrustations; — called also hydrozincite. — Zinc ethyl (Chem.), a colorless, transparent, poisonous liquid, composed of zinc and ethyl, which takes fire spontaneously on exposure to the atmosphere. — Zinc green, a green pigment consisting of zinc and cobalt oxides; — called also Rinmann's green. — Zinc methyl (Chem.), a colorless mobile liquid Zn(CH3)2, produced by the action of methyl iodide on a zinc sodium alloy. It has a disagreeable odor, and is spontaneously inflammable in the air. It has been of great importance in the synthesis of organic compounds, and is the type of a large series of similar compounds, as zinc ethyl, zinc amyle, etc. — Zinc oxide (Chem.), the oxide of zinc, ZnO, forming a light fluffy sublimate when zinc is burned; — called also flowers of zinc, philosopher's wool, nihil album, etc. The impure oxide produced by burning the metal, roasting its ores, or in melting brass, is called also pompholyx, and tutty. — Zinc spinel (Min.), a mineral, related to spinel, consisting essentially of the oxides of zinc and aluminium; gahnite. — Zinc vitriol (Chem.), zinc sulphate. See White vitriol, under Vitriol. — Zinc white, a white powder consisting of zinc oxide, used as a pigment.

ZINC
Zinc, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Zincked or Zinced (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Zincking or Zincing (.]

Defn: To coat with zinc; to galvanize.

ZINCANE
Zinc"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Zinc chloride. [Obs.]

ZINCIC
Zinc"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zinc; zincous.

ZINCIDE
Zinc"ide, n.

Defn: A binary compound of zinc. [R.]

ZINCIFEROUS
Zinc*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Zinc + -ferous.]

Defn: Containing or affording zinc.

ZINCIFICATION
Zinc`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of applying zinc; the condition of being zincified, or covered with zinc; galvanization.

ZINCIFY
Zinc"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Zinc + -fy.] (Metal.)

Defn: To coat or impregnate with zinc.

ZINCITE
Zinc"ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Native zinc oxide; a brittle, translucent mineral, of an orange-red color; — called also red zinc ore, and red oxide of zinc.

ZINCKING; ZINCING
Zinck"ing, or Zinc"ing, n. (Metal.)

Defn: The act or process of applying zinc; galvanization.

ZINCKY
Zinck"y

Defn: , Pertaining to zinc, or having its appearance. [Written also zinky.]

ZINCO-
Zin"co-.

Defn: A combining form from zinc; in chemistry, designating zinc as an element of certain double compounds. Also used adjectively.

ZINCODE
Zinc"ode, n. Etym: [Zinc + -ode, as in electrode.] (Elec.)

Defn: The positive electrode of an electrolytic cell; anode. [R.]
Miller.

ZINCOGRAPH
Zin"co*graph, n.

Defn: A zinc plate prepared for printing by zincography; also, a print from such a plate.

ZINCOGRAPHER
Zin*cog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: Am engraver on zinc.

ZINCOGRAPHIC; ZINCOGRAPHICAL
Zin`co*graph"ic, Zin`co*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zincography; as, zincographic processes.

ZINCOGRAPHY
Zin*cog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zinco- + -graphy.]

Defn: The art or process of engraving or etching on zinc, in which the design is left in relief in the style of a wood cut, the rest of the ground being eaten away by acid.

ZINCOID
Zinc"oid, a. Etym: [Zinc + -oid.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, zinc; — said of the electricity of the zincous plate in connection with a copper plate in a voltaic circle; also, designating the positive pole. [Obs.]

ZINCO-POLAR
Zin`co-po"lar, a. Etym: [Zinco- + polar.] (Elec.)

Defn: Electrically polarized like the surface of the zinc presented to the acid in a battery, which has zincous affinity. [Obs.]

ZINCOUS
Zinc"ous, a.

1. (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or containing, zinc; zincic; as, zincous salts. (b) Hence, formerly, basic, basylous, as opposed to chlorous.

2. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the positive pole of a galvanic battery; electro-positive.

ZINGARO
Zin"ga*ro, n.; pl. Zingari. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A gypsy.

ZINGEL
Zing"el, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, edible, freshwater European perch (Aspro zingel), having a round, elongated body and prominent snout.

ZINGIBERACEOUS
Zin`gi*ber*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. zingiber ginger. See Ginger.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to ginger, or to a tribe (Zingibereæ) of endogenous plants of the order Scitamineæ. See Scitamineous.

ZINK
Zink, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Zinc. [Obs.]

ZINKENITE
Zink"en*ite, n. Etym: [From Zinken, director at one time of the
Hanoverian mines.] (Min.)

Defn: A steel-gray metallic mineral, a sulphide of antimony and lead.

ZINKY
Zink"y, a.

Defn: See Zincky. Kirwan.

ZINNIA
Zin"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. So called after Professor Zinn, of
Göttingen.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the composite genus Zinnia, Mexican herbs with opposite leaves and large gay-colored blossoms. Zinnia elegans is the commonest species in cultivation.

ZINNWALDITE Zinn"wald*ite, n. Etym: [So called after Zinnwald, in Bohemia, where it occurs.] (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica containing lithium, often associated with tin ore.

ZINSANG
Zin"sang, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The delundung.

ZINZIBERACEOUS
Zin`zi*ber*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Zingiberaceous.

ZION
Zi"on, n. Etym: [Heb. tsiy, originally, a hill.]

1. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A hill in Jerusalem, which, after the capture of that city by the Israelites, became the royal residence of David and his successors.

2. Hence, the theocracy, or church of God.

3. The heavenly Jerusalem; heaven.

ZIONISM
Zi"on*ism, n. [Zion + -ism.]

Defn: Among the Jews, a theory, plan, or movement for colonizing their own race in Palestine, the land of Zion, or, if that is impracticable, elsewhere, either for religious or nationalizing purposes; — called also Zion movement. —Zi"on*ist, n. — Zi`on*is"tic (#), a.

ZIP
Zip, n. [Imitative.]

Defn: A hissing or sibilant sound such as that made by a flying bullet.

ZIP
Zip, v. i.

Defn: To make, or move with, such a sound.

ZIPHIOID
Ziph"i*oid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Xiphioid.

ZIRCO-
Zir"co-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) designating zirconium as an element of certain double compounds; zircono-; as in zircofluoric acid, sodium zircofluoride.

ZIRCOFLUORIDE
Zir`co*flu"or*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A double fluoride of zirconium and hydrogen, or some other positive element or radical; as, zircofluoride of sodium.

ZIRCON Zir"con, n. Etym: [F., the same word as jargon. See Jargon a variety of zircon.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or gray color. It consists of silica and zirconia. A red variety, used as a gem, is called hyacinth. Colorless, pale-yellow or smoky- brown varieties from Ceylon are called jargon. Zircon syenite, a coarse-grained syenite containing zircon crystals and often also elæolite. It is largely developed in Southern Norway.

ZIRCONA
Zir"co*na, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: Zirconia.

ZIRCONATE
Zir"con*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of zirconic acid.

ZIRCONIA
Zir*co"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it is used as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummomd light.

ZIRCONIC
Zir*con"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, zirconium; as, zirconic oxide; zirconic compounds. Zirconic acid, an acid of zirconium analogous to carbonic and silicic acids, known only in its salts.

ZIRCONIUM
Zir*co"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the carbon-silicon group, intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, obtained from the mineral zircon as a dark sooty powder, or as a gray metallic crystalline substance. Symbol Zr. Atomic weight, 90.4.

ZIRCON LIGHT
Zir"con light. (Physics)

Defn: A light, similar to the calcium light, produced by incandescent zirconia.

ZIRCONO
Zir"co*no.

Defn: See Zirco-.

ZIRCONOID
Zir"con*oid, n. Etym: [Zircon + oid.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A double eight-sided pyramid, a form common with tetragonal crystals; — so called because this form often occurs in crystals of zircon.

ZITHER
Zith"er, n. Etym: [G. zither. See Cittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument of music used in Austria and Germany. It has from thirty to forty wires strung across a shallow sounding-board, which lies horizontally on a table before the performer, who uses both hands in playing on it.

Note: [Not to be confounded with the old lute-shaped cittern, or cithern.]

ZITTERN
Zit"tern, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Cittern.

ZIZANIA
Zi*za"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL., from L. zizanium darnel, cockle, Gr.
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses including Indian rice. See Indian rice, under Rice.

ZIZEL
Ziz"el, n. Etym: [G. ziesel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The suslik. [Written also zisel.]

ZIZITH
Zi"zith, n. pl. [Heb. tsitsith.]

Defn: The tassels of twisted cords or threads on the corners of the upper garment worn by strict Jews. The Hebrew for this word is translated in both the Authorized and Revised Versions (Deut. xxii. 12) by the word "fringes."

ZOANTHACEA
Zo`an*tha"ce*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Actinaria, including Zoanthus and allied genera, which are permanently attached by their bases.

ZOANTHARIA
Zo`an*tha"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Anthozoa.

ZOANTHARIAN
Zo`an*tha"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zoantharia.
— n.

Defn: One of the Anthozoa.

ZOANTHODEME
Zo*an"tho*deme, n. Etym: [See Zoantharia, and Deme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zooids of a compound anthozoan, collectively.

ZOANTHOID
Zo*an"thoid, a. Etym: [See Zoantharia, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zoanthacea.

ZOANTHROPY
Zo*an"thro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A kind of monomania in which the patient believes himself transformed into one of the lower animals.

ZOANTHUS
Zo*an"thus, n. Etym: [NL. See Zoantharia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Actinaria, including numerous species, found mostly in tropical seas. The zooids or polyps resemble small, elongated actinias united together at their bases by fleshy stolons, and thus forming extensive groups. The tentacles are small and bright colored.

ZOBO
Zo"bo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of domestic cattle reared in Asia for its flesh and milk. It is supposed to be a hybrid between the zebu and the yak.

ZOCCO; ZOCCOLO
Zoc"co, Zoc"co*lo, n. Etym: [It. fr. L. socculus. See Socle, and cf.
Zacco.] (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Socle.

ZOCLE
Zo"cle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Socle.

ZODIAC
Zo"di*ac, n. Etym: [F. zodiaque (cf. It. zodiaco), fr. L. zodiacus,
Gr.

1. (Astron.) (a) An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16º or 18º broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the twelve signs of the zodiac. (b) A figure representing the signs, symbols, and constellations of the zodiac.

2. A girdle; a belt. [Poetic & R.] By his side, As in a glistering zodiac, hung the sword. Milton.

ZODIACAL
Zo*di"a*cal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zodiacal.] (Astron.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the zodiac; situated within the zodiac; as, the zodiacal planets. Zodiacal light, a luminous tract of the sky, of an elongated, triangular figure, lying near the ecliptic, its base being on the horizon, and its apex at varying altitudes. It is to be seen only in the evening, after twilight, and in the morning before dawn. It is supposed to be due to sunlight reflected from multitudes of meteoroids revolving about the sun nearly in the plane of the ecliptic.

ZOEA
Zo"ë*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar larval stage of certain decapod Crustacea, especially of crabs and certain Anomura. [Written also zoæa.]

Note: In this stage the anterior part of the body is relatively large, and usually bears three or four long spines. The years are conspicuous, and the antennæ and jaws are long, fringed organs used in swimming. The thoracic legs are undeveloped or rudimentary, the abdomen long, slender, and often without appendages. The zoëa, after casting its shell, changes to a megalops.

ZOETROPE
Zo"e*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An optical toy, in which figures made to revolve on the inside of a cylinder, and viewed through slits in its circumference, appear like a single figure passing through a series of natural motions as if animated or mechanically moved.

ZOHAR
Zo"har, n. Etym: [Heb. z candor, splendor.]

Defn: A Jewish cabalistic book attributed by tradition to Rabbi Simon ben Yochi, who lived about the end of the 1st century, a. d. Modern critics believe it to be a compilation of the 13th century. Encyc. Brit.

ZOIC
Zo"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals, or animal life.

ZOIDE
Zo"ide, n. (Biol.)

Defn: See Meride.

ZOILEAN
Zo*il"e*an, a.

Defn: Having the characteristic of Zoilus, a bitter, envious, unjust critic, who lived about 270 years before Christ.

ZOILISM
Zo"i*lism, n.

Defn: Resemblance to Zoilus in style or manner; carping criticism;
detraction.
Bring candid eyes the perusal of men's works, and let not Zoilism or
detraction blast well-intended labors. Sir T. Browne.

ZOISITE Zois"ite, n. Etym: [After its discoverer, Von Zois, an Austrian mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A grayish or whitish mineral occurring in orthorhombic, prismatic crystals, also in columnar masses. It is a silicate of alumina and lime, and is allied to epidote.

ZOISM
Zo"ism, n. [Gr. zwh` life + -ism.]

1. Reverence for animal life or belief in animal powers and influences, as among savages.

2. (Biol.) A doctrine, now discarded, that the phenomena of life are due to a peculiar vital principle; the theory of vital force.

ZOKOR
Zo"kor, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Asiatic burrowing rodent (Siphneus aspalax) resembling the mole rat. It is native of the Altai Mountains.

ZOLAESQUE
Zo`la*esque", a.

Defn: In the style of Zola (see Zolaism).

ZOLAISM
Zo"la*ism, n.

Defn: The literary theories and practices of the French novelist
Emile Zola (1840-1902); naturalism, esp. in a derogatory sense. —
Zo"la*ist, n. — Zo`la*is"tic (#), a. — Zo"la*ize (#), v.

ZOLLNER'S LINES Zöll"ner's lines`. [So called after Friedrich Zöllner, a German physicist.]

Defn: Parallel lines that are made to appear convergent or divergent by means of oblique intersections.

ZOLLVEREIN
Zoll"ve*rein`, n. Etym: [G., from zoll duty + verein union.]

Defn: Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the several customs unions successively formed under the leadership of Prussia among certain German states for establishing liberty of commerce among themselves and common tariff on imports, exports, and transit.

Note: In 1834 a zollverein was established which included most of the principal German states except Austria. This was terminated by the events of 1866, and in 1867 a more closely organized union was formed, the administration of which was ultimately merged in that of the new German empire, with which it nearly corresponds territorially.

ZOMBORUK
Zom"bo*ruk, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Zumbooruk.

ZONA
Zo"na, n.; pl. Zonæ. Etym: [L., a girdle. See Zone.]

Defn: A zone or band; a layer. Zona pellucida. Etym: [NL.] (Biol.) (a) The outer transparent layer, or envelope, of the ovum. It is a more or less elastic membrane with radiating striæ, and corresponds to the cell wall of an ordinary cell. See Ovum, and Illust. of Microscope. (b) The zona radiata. — Zona radiata Etym: [NL.] (Biol.), a radiately striated membrane situated next the yolk of an ovum, or separated from it by a very delicate membrane only.

ZONAL
Zon"al, a. Etym: [L. zonalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or zones. Zonal equation (Crystallog.), the mathematical relation which belongs to all the planes of a zone, and expresses their common position with reference to the axes. — Zonal structure (Crystallog.), a structure characterized by the arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal in parallel or concentric layers, which usually follow the outline of the crystal, and mark the changes that have taken place during its growth. — Zonal symmetry. (Biol.) See the Note under Symmetry.

ZONAR
Zo"nar, n. Etym: [Mod. Gr. Zone.]

Defn: A belt or girdle which the Christians and Jews of the Levant were obliged to wear to distinguish them from Mohammedans. [Written also zonnar.]

ZONARIA
Zo*na"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mammalia in which the placenta is zonelike.

ZONATE
Zon"ate, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Divided by parallel planes; as, zonate tetraspores, found in certain red algæ.

ZONE
Zone, n. Etym: [F. zone, L. zona, Gr. j to gird, Zend yah.]

1. A girdle; a cincture. [Poetic] An embroidered zone surrounds her waist. Dryden. Loose were her tresses seen, her zone unbound. Collins.

2. (Geog.)

Defn: One of the five great divisions of the earth, with respect to latitude and temperature.

Note: The zones are five: the torrid zone, extending from tropic to tropic 46º 56min, or 23º 28min on each side of the equator; two temperate or variable zones, situated between the tropics and the polar circles; and two frigid zones, situated between the polar circles and the poles. Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every tempest, and invades. Bancroft.

3. (Math.)

Defn: The portion of the surface of a sphere included between two parallel planes; the portion of a surface of revolution included between two planes perpendicular to the axis. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.)

4. (Nat. Hist.) (a) A band or stripe extending around a body. (b) A band or area of growth encircling anything; as, a zone of evergreens on a mountain; the zone of animal or vegetable life in the ocean around an island or a continent; the Alpine zone, that part of mountains which is above the limit of tree growth.

5. (Crystallog.)

Defn: A series of planes having mutually parallel intersections.

6. Circuit; circumference. [R.] Milton. Abyssal zone. (Phys. Geog.) See under Abyssal. — Zone axis (Crystallog.), a straight line passing through the center of a crystal, to which all the planes of a given zone are parallel.

ZONE
Zone, v. t.

Defn: To girdle; to encircle. [R.] Keats.

ZONED
Zoned, a.

1. Wearing a zone, or girdle. Pope.

2. Having zones, or concentric bands; striped.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Zonate.

ZONELESS
Zone"less, a.

Defn: Not having a zone; ungirded.
The reeling goddess with the zoneless waist. Cowper.
In careless folds, loose fell her zoneless vest. Mason.

ZONNAR
Zon"nar, n.

Defn: See Zonar.

ZONULAR
Zon"u*lar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped. "The zonular type of a placenta." Dana.

ZONULE
Zon"ule, n.

Defn: A little zone, or girdle.

ZONULET
Zon"u*let, n.

Defn: A zonule. Herrick.

ZONURE
Zon"ure, n. Etym: [Zone + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several of South African lizards of the genus
Zonura, common in rocky situations.

ZOO-; ZOOE-
Zo"ö-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. zwo^,n an animal, as in zoögenic, zoölogy, etc.

ZOOCHEMICAL; ZOOECHEMICAL
Zo`ö*chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to zoöchemistry.

ZOOCHEMISTRY; ZOOECHEMISTRY
Zo`ö*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Zoö- + chemistry.]

Defn: Animal chemistry; particularly, the description of the chemical compounds entering into the composition of the animal body, in distinction from biochemistry.

ZOOCHEMY; ZOOECHEMY
Zo*öch"e*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: Animal chemistry; zoöchemistry. Dunglison.

ZOOCHLORELLA; ZOOECHLORELLA
Zo`ö*chlo*rel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the small green granulelike bodies found in the interior of certain stentors, hydras, and other invertebrates.

ZOOCYST; ZOOECYST
Zo"ö*cyst, n. Etym: [Zoö- + cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cyst formed by certain Protozoa and unicellular plants which the contents divide into a large number of granules, each of which becomes a germ.

ZOOCYTIUM; ZOOECYTIUM
Zo`ö*cy"ti*um, n.; pl. Zoöcytia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common support, often branched, of certain species of social Infusoria.

ZOODENDRIUM; ZOOEDENDRIUM
Zo`ö*den"dri*um, n.; pl. Zoödendria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The branched, and often treelike, support of the colonies of certain Infusoria.

ZOOECIUM
Zo*oe"ci*um, n.; pl. Zooecia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells or tubes which inclose the feeling zooids of
Bryozoa. See Illust. of Sea Moss.

ZOOERYTHRINE; ZOOEERYTHRINE
Zo`ö*e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar organic red coloring matter found in the feathers of various birds.

ZOOGAMOUS; ZOOEGAMOUS
Zo*ög"a*mous, a. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining zoögamy.

ZOOGAMY; ZOOEGAMY
Zo*ög"a*my, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The sexual reproduction of animals.

ZOOGENIC; ZOOEGENIC
Zo`ö*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Zoö- + -gen + -ic: cf. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoögeny, animal production.

ZOOGENY; ZOOEGENY; ZOOGONY; ZOOEGONY
Zo*ög"e*ny, Zo*ög"o*ny, n. Etym: [Zoö- + root of Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of the formation of living beings.

ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL; ZOOEGEOGRAPHICAL
Zo`ö*ge`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoögraphy.

ZOOGEOGRAPHY; ZOOEGEOGRAPHY
Zo`ö*ge*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + geography.]

Defn: The study or description of the geographical distribution of animals.

ZOOGLOEA; ZOOEGLOEA
Zo`ö*gloe"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A colony or mass of bacteria imbedded in a viscous gelatinous substance. The zoögloea is characteristic of a transitory stage through which rapidly multiplying bacteria pass in the course of their evolution. Also used adjectively.

ZOOGRAPHER; ZOOEGRAPHER
Zo*ög"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes animals, their forms and habits.

ZOOGRAPHIC; ZOOEGRAPHIC; ZOOGRAPHICAL; ZOOEGRAPHICAL
Zo`ö*graph"ic, Zo`ö*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the description of animals.

ZOOGRAPHIST; ZOOEGRAPHIST
Zo*ög"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A zoögrapher.

ZOOGRAPHY; ZOOEGRAPHY
Zo*ög"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + -graphy: cf. F. zoographie.]

Defn: A description of animals, their forms and habits.

ZOOID
Zo"oid, a. Etym: [Zoö- + -oid.] (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an animal.

ZOOID
Zo"oid, n.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: An organic body or cell having locomotion, as a spermatic cell or spermatozooid.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal in one of its inferior stages of development, as one of the intermediate forms in alternate generation. (b) One of the individual animals in a composite group, as of Anthozoa, Hydroidea, and Bryozoa; — sometimes restricted to those individuals in which the mouth and digestive organs are not developed.

ZOOIDAL
Zo*oid"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a zooid; as, a zooidal form.

ZOOLATRY; ZOOELATRY
Zo*öl"a*try, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: The worship of animals.

ZOOLOGER; ZOOELOGER
Zo*öl"o*ger, n.

Defn: A zoölogist. Boyle.

ZOOLOGICAL; ZOOELOGICAL
Zo`ö*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoölogy, or the science of animals.

ZOOLOGICALLY; ZOOELOGICALLY
Zo`ö*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a zoölogical manner; according to the principles of zoölogy.

ZOOLOGIST; ZOOELOGIST
Zo*öl"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zoologiste.]

Defn: One who is well versed in zoölogy.

ZOOLOGIZE
Zo*öl"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study zoölogy; esp., to collect animals for study.

ZOOLOGY; ZOOELOGY
Zo*öl"o*gy, n.; pl. Zoölogies. Etym: [Zoö- + -logy: cf. F. zoologie.
See Zodiac.]

1. That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

2. A treatise on this science.

ZOOMELANIN; ZOOEMELANIN
Zo`ö*mel"a*nin, n. Etym: [Zoö- + melanin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A pigment giving the black color to the feathers of many birds.

ZOOMORPHIC; ZOOEMORPHIC
Zo`ö*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoömorphism.

ZOOMORPHISM; ZOOEMORPHISM
Zo`ö*mor"phism, n.

1. The transformation of men into beasts. [R.] Smart.

2. The quality of representing or using animal forms; as, zoömorphism in ornament.

3. The representation of God, or of gods, in the form, or with the attributes, of the lower animals. To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into the vastly greater, and more absurd, error of zoömorphism. Mivart.

ZOON; ZOOEN Zo"ön, n.; pl. Zoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal which is the sole product of a single egg; — opposed to zooid. H. Spencer. (b) Any one of the perfectly developed individuals of a compound animal.

ZOONIC; ZOOENIC
Zo*ön"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zoonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals; obtained from animal substances.

ZOONITE; ZOOENITE Zo"ö*nite, n. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the segments of the body of an articulate animal. (b) One of the theoretic transverse divisions of any segmented animal.

ZOONOMY; ZOOENOMY
Zo*ön"o*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. zoonomie.]

Defn: The laws animal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations.

ZOONULE; ZOOENULE
Zo"ö*nule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zoönite.

ZOOPATHOLOGY; ZOOEPATHOLOGY
Zo`ö*pa*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + pathology.]

Defn: Animal pathology.

ZOOPHAGA; ZOOEPHAGA
Zo*öph"a*ga, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artificial group comprising various carnivorous and insectivorous animals.

ZOOPHAGAN; ZOOEPHAGAN
Zo*öph"a*gan, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A animal that feeds on animal food.

ZOOPHAGOUS; ZOOEPHAGOUS
Zo*öph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Feeding on animals.

Note: This is a more general term than either sarcophagous or carnivorous.

ZOOPHILIST; ZOOEPHILIST
Zo*öph"i*list, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of animals. Southey.

ZOOPHILY; ZOOEPHILY
Zo*öph"i*ly, n.

Defn: Love of animals.

ZOOPHITE; ZOOEPHITE
Zo"ö*phite, n.

Defn: A zoöphyte. [R.]

ZOOPHORIC; ZOOEPHORIC
Zo`ö*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. zoophorique.]

Defn: Bearing or supporting the figure of an animal; as, a zoöphoric column.

ZOOPHOROUS; ZOOEPHOROUS
Zo*öph"o*rous, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Zoöphoric.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The part between the architrave and cornice; the frieze; — so called from the figures of animals carved upon it.

ZOOPHYTA; ZOOEPHYTA
Zo*öph"y*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive artificial and heterogeneous group of animals, formerly adopted by many zoölogists. It included the coelenterates, echinoderms, sponges, Bryozoa, Protozoa, etc.

Note: Sometimes the name is restricted to the Coelentera, or to the
Anthozoa.

ZOOPHYTE; ZOOEPHYTE Zo"ö*phyte, n. Etym: [F. zoophyte, Gr. Zodiac, and Be, v. i.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which more or less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of growth, as the corals, gorgonians, sea anemones, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges, etc., especially any of those that form compound colonies having a branched or treelike form, as many corals and hydroids. (b) Any one of the Zoöphyta.

ZOOPHYTIC; ZOOEPHYTIC; ZOOPHYTICAL; ZOOEPHYTICAL
Zo`ö*phyt"ic, Zo`ö*phyt"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoophytique.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöphytes.

ZOOPHYTOID; ZOOEPHYTOID
Zo*öph"y*toid, a. Etym: [Zoöphyte + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a zoöphyte.

ZOOPHYTOLOGICAL; ZOOEPHYTOLOGICAL
Zo`ö*phyt`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zoophytologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöphytology; as, zoöphytological observations.

ZOOPHYTOLOGY; ZOOEPHYTOLOGY
Zo*öph`y*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoöphyte + -logy: cf. F. zoophytologie.]

Defn: The natural history zoöphytes.

ZOOPRAXISCOPE; ZOOEPRAXISCOPE
Zo`ö*prax"i*scope, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument similar to, or the same as, the, the phenakistoscope, by means of which pictures projected upon a screen are made to exhibit the natural movements of animals, and the like.

ZOOPSYCHOLOGY; ZOOEPSYCHOLOGY
Zo`ö*psy*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zoö- + psychology.]

Defn: Animal psychology.

ZOOSPERM; ZOOESPERM
Zo"ö*sperm, n. Etym: [Zoö- + sperm.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the spermatic particles; spermatozoid.

ZOOSPORANGIUM; ZOOESPORANGIUM
Zo`ö*spo*ran"gi*um, n.; pl. -sporangia. Etym: [NL. See Zoö-, and
Sporangium.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore, or conceptacle containing zoöspores.

ZOOSPORE; ZOOESPORE
Zo"ö*spore, n. Etym: [Zoö- + spore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A spore provided with one or more slender cilia, by the vibration of which it swims in the water. Zoöspores are produced by many green, and by some olive-brown, algæ. In certain species they are divided into the larger macrozoöspores and the smaller microzoöspores. Called also sporozoid, and swarmspore.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Swarmspore.

ZOOSPORIC; ZOOESPORIC
Zo`ö*spor"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoöspores; of the nature of zoöspores.

ZOOTIC; ZOOETIC
Zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Containing the remains of organized bodies; — said of rock or soil.

ZOOTOMICAL; ZOOETOMICAL
Zo`ö*tom"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zootomique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zoötomy.

ZOOTOMIST; ZOOETOMIST
Zo*öt"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. zootomiste.]

Defn: One who dissects animals, or is skilled in zoötomy.

ZOOTOMY; ZOOETOMY
Zo*öt"o*my, n. Etym: [Zoö- + Gr. zootomie.]

Defn: The dissection or the anatomy of animals; — distinguished from androtomy.

ZOOTROPHIC; ZOOETROPHIC
Zo`ö*troph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. Zoö-, and Trophic.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the nourishment of animals.

ZOOZOO
Zoo"zoo`, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wood pigeon. [Prov. Eng.]

ZOPE
Zope, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European fresh-water bream (Abramis ballerus).

ZOPILOTE
Zo"pi*lote, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urubu, or American black vulture.

ZORIL
Zor"il, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zorilla.

ZORILLA Zo*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp. zorilla, zorillo, dim. of zorra, zorro, a fox: cf. F. zorille.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of small African carnivores of the genus Ictonyx allied to the weasels and skunks. [Written also zoril, and zorille.]

Note: The best-known species (Ictonyx zorilla) has black shiny fur with white bands and spots. It has anal glands which produce a very offensive secretion, similar to that of the skunk. It feeds upon birds and their eggs and upon small mammals, and is often very destructive to poultry. It is sometimes tamed by the natives, and kept to destroy rats and mice. Called also mariput, Cape polecat, and African polecat. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the American skunk.

ZOROASTRIAN
Zo`ro*as"tri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Zoroaster, or his religious system.

ZOROASTRIAN
Zo`ro*as"tri*an, n.

Defn: A follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.

ZOROASTRIANISM
Zo`ro*as"tri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf. Fire worship, under Fire, and Parsee.

ZOROASTRISM
Zo`ro*as"trism, n.

Defn: Same as Zoroastrianism. Tylor.

ZOSTER
Zos"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Zone.] (Med.)

Defn: Shingles.

ZOSTERA
Zos"te*ra, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the Naiadaceæ, or Pondweed family. Zostera marina is commonly known as sea wrack, and eelgrass.

ZOSTEROPS
Zos"ter*ops, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds that comprises the white-eyes. See White-eye.

ZOUAVE Zouave, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. Zouaoua a tribe of Kabyles living among the Jurjura mountains in Algeria.] (Mil.) (a) One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in the French service, originally Arabs, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Arab dress. (b) Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and drill of the Zouaves, as was done by a number of volunteer regiments in the army of the United States in the Civil War, 1861-65.

ZOUNDS
Zounds, interj. Etym: [Contracted from God's wounds.]

Defn: An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.

ZOUTCH
Zoutch, v. t. (Cookery)

Defn: To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with just enough or liquid to cover them. Smart.

ZUBR
Zubr, n. Etym: [Polish .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurochs.

ZUCHE
Zuche, n.

Defn: A stump of a tree. Cowell.

ZUCHETTO
Zu*chet"to, n. Etym: [It. zucchetto.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a priest's black.

ZUFOLO
Zu"fo*lo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds. [Written also zuffolo.]

ZUIAN
Zu"ñi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pert. to the Zuñis, or designating their linguistic stock. —n.

Defn: A Zuñi.

ZUISIN
Zui"sin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American widgeon. [Local, U. S.]

ZULU
Zu"lu, n. [Also Zooloo.]

1. Any member of the tribe of Zulus; a Zulu-Kaffir. See Zulus.

2. (Philol.) One of the most important members of the South African, or Bantu, family of languages, spoken partly in Natal and partly in Zululand, but understood, and more or less in use, over a wide territory, at least as far north as the Zambezi; — called also Zulu- Kaffir.

ZULU-KAFFIR
Zu"lu-Kaf"fir, n.

Defn: A member of the Bantu race comprising the Zulus and the
Kaffirs.

ZULUS
Zu"lus, n. pl.; sing. Zulu (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.

ZUMBOORUK
Zum*boo"ruk, n. Etym: [Turk. & Ar. zamb, fr. Ar. zamb a hornet.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A small cannon supported by a swiveled rest on the back of a camel, whence it is fired, — used in the East.

ZUMIC; ZUMOLOGICAL; ZUMOLOGY; ZUMOMETER Zu"mic, a., Zu`mo*log"ic*al, a., Zu*mol"o*gy, n., Zu*mom"e*ter, n., etc.

Defn: See Zymic, Zymological, etc.

ZUNIS
Zu"nis, n. pl.; sing. Zuni (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a village in New Mexico, on the Zuni River.

ZUNYITE
Zun"yite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals at the Zuñi mine in Colorado.

ZWANZIGER
Zwan"zi*ger, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: Am Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20 kreutzers, or about 10 cents.

ZWIEBACK Zwie"back`, n. [G., fr. zwie-two, twice (see Twice) + backen to bake.]

Defn: A kind of biscuit or rusk first baked in a loaf and afterwards cut and toasted.

ZWINGLIAN
Zwing"li*an, a. (Theol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ulric Zwingli (1481-1531), the reformer of German Switzerland, who maintained that in the Lord's Supper the true body of Christ is present by the contemplation of faith but not in essence or reality, and that the sacrament is a memorial without mystical elements. — n.

Defn: A follower of Zwingli.

ZYGANTRUM
Zy*gan"trum, n.; pl. Zygantra. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See under Zygosphene.

ZYGAPOPHYSIS
Zyg`a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Zygapophyses. Etym: [Gr. apophysis.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra. — Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al, a.

ZYGENID
Zyg"e*nid, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of moths of the family Zygænidæ, most of which are bright colored. The wood nymph and the vine forester are examples. Also used adjectively.

ZYGOBRANCHIA
Zyg`o*bran"chi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of marine gastropods in which the gills are developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are also paired. The abalone (Haliotis) and the keyhole limpet (Fissurella) are examples.

ZYGOBRANCHIATE
Zyg`o*bran"chi*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Zygobranchia.

ZYGODACTYL; ZYGODACTYLE
Zyg`o*dac"tyl, Zyg`o*dac"tyle, n. Etym: [See Zygodactylic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any zygodactylous bird.

ZYGODACTYLAE
Zyg`o*dac"ty*læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense applied to a division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides, and other related birds.

ZYGODACTYLI
Zyg`o*dac"ty*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Scansores.

ZYGODACTYLIC; ZYGODACTYLOUS
Zyg`o*dac"ty*lic, Zyg`o*dac"tyl*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. zygodactyle.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; — applied to birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the parrot, cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.

ZYGOMA Zy*go"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The jugal, malar, or cheek bone. (b) The zygomatic process of the temporal bone. (c) The whole zygomatic arch.

ZYGOMATIC
Zyg`o*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zygomatique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma. Zygomatic arch, the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed in most mammals by the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the lower vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some reptiles. — Zygomatic process, a process of the temporal or squamosal bone helping to form the zygomatic arch.

ZYGOMORPHIC; ZYGOMORPHOUS
Zyg`o*mor"phic, Zyg`o*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Symmetrical bilaterally; — said of organisms, or parts of organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves only in a single plane.

ZYGOPHYTE
Zy"go*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes, Zygophyta, or Zygosporeæ), in which reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf. Oöphyte.

ZYGOSIS
Zy*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Conjugation.

ZYGOSPERM
Zyg"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr. sperm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A spore formed by the union of the contents of two similar cells, either of the same or of distinct individual plants. Zygosperms are found in certain orders of algæ and fungi.

ZYGOSPHENE
Zyg"o*sphene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebræ of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa, called the zygantrum, on the back part of the arch in front.

ZYGOSPORE Zyg"o*spore, n. Etym: [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) (a) Same as Zygosperm. (b) A spore formed by the union of several zoöspores; — called also zygozoöspore.

ZYLONITE
Zy"lon*ite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Celluloid.

ZYMASE
Zym"ase, n. Etym: [From Zyme.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble ferment, or enzyme. See Enzyme.

ZYME
Zyme, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A ferment.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The morbific principle of a zymotic disease. Quain.

ZYMIC
Zym"ic, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; — formerly, by confusion, used to designate lactic acid.

ZYMOGEN
Zym"o*gen, n. Etym: [Zyme + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical ferment; — applied to such substances as, not being themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to a ferment. The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though there is present in it a body, zymogen, which gives birth to the ferment. Foster.

ZYMOGENE
Zym"o*gene, n. Etym: [Zyme + root of Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of a physiological group of globular bacteria which produces fermentations of diverse nature; — distinguished from pathogene.

ZYMOGENIC Zym`o*gen"ic, a. (Biol.) (a) Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene. (b) Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment. Zymogenic organism (Biol.), a microörganism, such as the yeast plant of the Bacterium lactis, which sets up certain fermentative processes by which definite chemical products are formed; — distinguished from a pathogenic organism. Cf. Micrococcus.

ZYMOLOGIC; ZYMOLOGICAL
Zy`mo*log"ic, Zy`mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. zymologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to zymology.

ZYMOLOGIST
Zy*mol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of liquors.

ZYMOLOGY
Zy*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Zyme + -logy: cf. F. zymologie.]

Defn: A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. [Written also zumology.]

ZYMOLYSIS
Zy*mol"y*sis, n. [NL. See Zyme, and Lysis.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The action of enzymes; also, the changes produced by such action. —Zy`mo*lyt"ic (#), a.

ZYMOME
Zy"mome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A glutinous substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling legumin; — now called vegetable fibrin, vegetable albumin, or gluten casein.

ZYMOMETER; ZYMOSIMETER Zy*mom"e*ter, Zy`mo*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. zymosimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.

ZYMOPHYTE
Zym"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Zyme + Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A bacteroid ferment.

ZYMOSE
Zy*mose", n. (Chem.)

Defn: Invertin.

ZYMOSIS Zy*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by which an infectious disease is believed to be developed. (b) A zymotic disease. [R.]

ZYMOTIC
Zy*mot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of diseases. See Zymotic disease, below. Zymotic disease (Med.), any epidemic, endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is produced by some morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.

ZYTHEM
Zy"them, n.

Defn: See Zythum.

ZYTHEPSARY
Zy*thep"sa*ry, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A brewery. [R.]

ZYTHUM
Zy"thumn. Etym: [L.fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and wheat. [Written also zythem.]