Section Sec"tion, n. Etym: [L. sectio, fr. secare, sectum, to cut; akin to E. saw a cutting instrument: cf. F. section. See Saw, and cf. Scion, Dissect, Insect, Secant, Segment.] (part 2)

Defn: To compose; to arrange in words, lines, etc.; as, to set type; to set a page. To set abroach. See Abroach. [Obs.] Shak. — To set against, to oppose; to set in comparison with, or to oppose to, as an equivalent in exchange; as, to set one thing against another. — To set agoing, to cause to move. — To set apart, to separate to a particular use; to separate from the rest; to reserve. — To set a saw, to bend each tooth a little, every alternate one being bent to one side, and the intermediate ones to the other side, so that the opening made by the saw may be a little wider than the thickness of the back, to prevent the saw from sticking. — To set aside. (a) To leave out of account; to pass by; to omit; to neglect; to reject; to annul. Setting aside all other considerations, I will endeavor to know the truth, and yield to that. Tillotson. (b) To set apart; to reserve; as, to set aside part of one's income. (c) (Law) See under Aside. — To set at defiance, to defy. — To set at ease, to quiet; to tranquilize; as, to set the heart at ease. — To set at naught, to undervalue; to contemn; to despise. "Ye have set at naught all my counsel." Prov. i. 25. — To set a trap, snare, or gin, to put it in a proper condition or position to catch prey; hence, to lay a plan to deceive and draw another into one's power. — To set at work, or To set to work. (a) To cause to enter on work or action, or to direct how tu enter on work. (b) To apply one's self; — used reflexively. — To set before. (a) To bring out to view before; to exhibit. (b) To propose for choice to; to offer to. — To set by. (a) To set apart or on one side; to reject. (b) To attach the value of (anything) to. "I set not a straw by thy dreamings." Chaucer. — To set by the compass, to observe and note the bearing or situation of by the compass. — To set case, to suppose; to assume. Cf. Put case, under Put, v. t. [Obs.] Chaucer. — To set down. (a) To enter in writing; to register. Some rules were to be set down for the government of the army. Clarendon. (b) To fix; to establish; to ordain. This law we may name eternal, being that order which God . . . hath set down with himself, for himself to do all things by. Hooker. (c) To humiliate. — To set eyes on, to see; to behold; to fasten the eyes on. — To set fire to, or To set on fire, to communicate fire to; fig., to inflame; to enkindle the passions of; to irritate. — To set flying (Naut.), to hook to halyards, sheets, etc., instead of extending with rings or the like on a stay; — said of a sail. — To set forth. (a) To manifest; to offer or present to view; to exhibt; to display. (b) To publish; to promulgate; to make appear. Waller. (c) To send out; to prepare and send. [Obs.] The Venetian admiral had a fleet of sixty galleys, set forth by the Venetians. Knolles. — To set forward. (a) To cause to advance. (b) To promote. — To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment, or bondage; to liberate; to emancipate. — To set in, to put in the way; to begin; to give a start to. [Obs.] If you please to assist and set me in, I will recollect myself. Collier. — To set in order, to adjust or arrange; to reduce to method. "The rest will I set in order when I come." 1 Cor. xi. 34. — To set milk. (a) To expose it in open dishes in order that the cream may rise to the surface. (b) To cause it to become curdled as by the action of rennet. See 4 (e). — To set much, or little, by, to care much, or little, for. — To set of, to value; to set by. [Obs.] "I set not an haw of his proverbs." Chaucer. — To set off. (a) To separate from a whole; to assign to a particular purpose; to portion off; as, to set off a portion of an estate. (b) To adorn; to decorate; to embellish. They . . . set off the worst faces with the best airs. Addison. (c) To give a flattering description of. — To set off against, to place against as an equivalent; as, to set off one man's services against another's. — To set on or upon. (a) To incite; to instigate. "Thou, traitor, hast set on thy wife to this." Shak. (b) To employ, as in a task. " Set on thy wife to observe." Shak. (c) To fix upon; to attach strongly to; as, to set one's heart or affections on some object. See definition 2, above. — To set one's cap for. See under Cap, n. — To set one's self against, to place one's self in a state of enmity or opposition to. — To set one's teeth, to press them together tightly. — To set on foot, to set going; to put in motion; to start. — To set out. (a) To assign; to allot; to mark off; to limit; as, to set out the share of each proprietor or heir of an estate; to set out the widow's thirds. (b) To publish, as a proclamation. [Obs.] (c) To adorn; to embellish. An ugly woman, in rich habit set out with jewels, nothing can become. Dryden. (d) To raise, equip, and send forth; to furnish. [R.] The Venetians pretend they could set out, in case of great necessity, thirty men-of-war. Addison. (e) To show; to display; to recommend; to set off. I could set out that best side of Luther. Atterbury. (f) To show; to prove. [R.] "Those very reasons set out how heinous his sin was." Atterbury. (g) (Law) To recite; to state at large. — To set over. (a) To appoint or constitute as supervisor, inspector, ruler, or commander. (b) To assign; to transfer; to convey. — To set right, to correct; to put in order. — To set sail. (Naut.) See under Sail, n. — To set store by, to consider valuable. — To set the fashion, to determine what shall be the fashion; to establish the mode. — To set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a disagreeable sensation, as when acids are brought in contact with them. — To set the watch (Naut.), to place the starboard or port watch on duty. — To set to, to attach to; to affix to. "He . . . hath set to his seal that God is true." John iii. 33. — To set up. (a) To erect; to raise; to elevate; as, to set up a building, or a machine; to set up a post, a wall, a pillar. (b) Hence, to exalt; to put in power. "I will . . . set up the throne of David over Israel." 2 Sam. iii. 10. (c) To begin, as a new institution; to institute; to establish; to found; as, to set up a manufactory; to set up a school. (d) To enable to commence a new business; as, to set up a son in trade. (e) To place in view; as, to set up a mark. (f) To raise; to utter loudly; as, to set up the voice. I'll set up such a note as she shall hear. Dryden. (g) To advance; to propose as truth or for reception; as, to set up a new opinion or doctrine. T. Burnet. (h) To raise from depression, or to a sufficient fortune; as, this good fortune quite set him up. (i) To intoxicate. [Slang] (j) (Print.) To put in type; as, to set up copy; to arrange in words, lines, etc., ready for printing; as, to set up type. — To set up the rigging (Naut.), to make it taut by means of tackles. R. H. Dana, Jr.

Syn.
— See Put.

SET
Set, v. i.

1. To pass below the horizon; to go down; to decline; to sink out of sight; to come to an end. Ere the weary sun set in the west. Shak. Thus this century sets with little mirth, and the next is likely to arise with more mourning. Fuller.

2. To fit music to words. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To place plants or shoots in the ground; to plant. "To sow dry, and set wet." Old Proverb.

4. To be fixed for growth; to strike root; to begin to germinate or form; as, cuttings set well; the fruit has set well (i. e., not blasted in the blossom).

5. To become fixed or rigid; to be fastened. A gathering and serring of the spirits together to resist, maketh the teeth to set hard one against another. Bacon.

6. To congeal; to concrete; to solidify. That fluid substance in a few minutes begins to set. Boyle.

7. To have a certain direction in motion; to flow; to move on; to tend; as, the current sets to the north; the tide sets to the windward.

8. To begin to move; to go out or forth; to start; — now followed by out. The king is set from London. Shak.

9. To indicate the position of game; — said of a dog; as, the dog sets well; also, to hunt game by the aid of a setter.

10. To apply one's self; to undertake earnestly; — now followed by out. If he sets industriously and sincerely to perform the commands of Christ, he can have no ground of doubting but it shall prove successful to him. Hammond.

11. To fit or suit one; to sit; as, the coat sets well.

Note: [Colloquially used, but improperly, for sit.]

Note: The use of the verb set for sit in such expressions as, the hen is setting on thirteen eggs; a setting hen, etc., although colloquially common, and sometimes tolerated in serious writing, is not to be approved. To set about, to commence; to begin. — To set forward, to move or march; to begin to march; to advance. — To set forth, to begin a journey. — To set in. (a) To begin; to enter upon a particular state; as, winter set in early. (b) To settle one's self; to become established. "When the weather was set in to be very bad." Addyson. (c) To flow toward the shore; — said of the tide. — To set off. (a) To enter upon a journey; to start. (b) (Typog.) To deface or soil the next sheet; — said of the ink on a freshly printed sheet, when another sheet comes in contract with it before it has had time to dry. — To set on or upon. (a) To begin, as a journey or enterprise; to set about. He that would seriously set upon the search of truth. Locke. (b) To assault; to make an attack. Bacon. Cassio hath here been set on in the dark. Shak. — To set out, to begin a journey or course; as, to set out for London, or from London; to set out in business;to set out in life or the world. — To set to, to apply one's self to. — To set up. (a) To begin business or a scheme of life; as, to set up in trade; to set up for one's self. (b) To profess openly; to make pretensions. Those men who set up for mortality without regard to religion, are generally but virtuous in part. Swift.

SET
Set, a.

1. Fixed in position; immovable; rigid; as, a set line; a set countenance.

2. Firm; unchanging; obstinate; as, set opinions or prejudices.

3. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set discourse; a set battle. "The set phrase of peace." Shak.

4. Established; prescribed; as, set forms of prayer.

5. Adjusted; arranged; formed; adapted. Set hammer. (a) A hammer the head of which is not tightly fastened upon the handle, but may be reversed. Knight. (b) A hammer with a concave face which forms a die for shaping anything, as the end of a bolt, rivet, etc. — Set line, a line to which a number of baited hooks are attached, and which, supported by floats and properly secured, may be left unguarded during the absence of the fisherman. — Set nut, a jam nut or lock nut. See under Nut. — Set screw (Mach.), a screw, sometimes cupped or printed at one end, and screwed through one part, as of a machine, tightly upon another part, to prevent the one from slipping upon the other. — Set speech, a speech carefully prepared before it is delivered in public; a formal or methodical speech.

SET
Set, n.

1. The act of setting, as of the sun or other heavenly body; descent; hence, the close; termination. "Locking at the set of day." Tennyson. The weary sun hath made a golden set. Shak.

2. That which is set, placed, or fixed. Specifically: — (a) A young plant for growth; as, a set of white thorn. (b) That which is staked; a wager; a venture; a stake; hence, a game at venture. [Obs. or R.] We will in France, by God's grace, play a set Shall strike his father's crown into the hazard. Shak. That was but civil war, an equal set. Dryden. (c) (Mech.)

Defn: Permanent change of figure in consequence of excessive strain, as from compression, tension, bending, twisting, etc.; as, the set of a spring. (d) A kind of punch used for bending, indenting, or giving shape to, metal; as, a saw set. (e) (Pile Driving)

Defn: A piece placed temporarily upon the head of a pile when the latter cannot be reached by the weight, or hammer, except by means of such an intervening piece. [Often incorrectly written sett.] (f) (Carp.)

Defn: A short steel spike used for driving the head of a nail below the surface.

3. Etym: [Perhaps due to confusion with sect, sept.]

Defn: A number of things of the same kind, ordinarily used or classed together; a collection of articles which naturally complement each other, and usually go together; an assortment; a suit; as, a set of chairs, of china, of surgical or mathematical instruments, of books, etc. [In this sense, sometimes incorrectly written sett.]

4. A number of persons associated by custom, office, common opinion, quality, or the like; a division; a group; a clique. "Others of our set." Tennyson. This falls into different divisions, or sets, of nations connected under particular religions. R. P. Ward.

5. Direction or course; as, the set of the wind, or of a current.

6. In dancing, the number of persons necessary to execute a quadrille; also, the series of figures or movements executed.

7. The deflection of a tooth, or of the teeth, of a saw, which causes the the saw to cut a kerf, or make an opening, wider than the blade.

8. (a) A young oyster when first attached. (b) Collectively, the crop of young oysters in any locality.

9. (Tennis)

Defn: A series of as many games as may be necessary to enable one side to win six. If at the end of the tenth game the score is a tie, the set is usually called a deuce set, and decided by an application of the rules for playing off deuce in a game. See Deuce.

10. (Type Founding)

Defn: That dimension of the body of a type called by printers the width. Dead set. (a) The act of a setter dog when it discovers the game, and remains intently fixed in pointing it out. (b) A fixed or stationary condition arising from obstacle or hindrance; a deadlock; as, to be at a dead set. (c) A concerted scheme to defraud by gaming; a determined onset. — To make a dead set, to make a determined onset, literally or figuratively.

Syn.
— Collection; series; group. See Pair.

SETA
Se"ta, n.; pl. Setæ. Etym: [L. seta, saeta, a bristle.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Any slender, more or less rigid, bristlelike organ or part; as the hairs of a caterpillar, the slender spines of a crustacean, the hairlike processes of a protozoan, the bristles or stiff hairs on the leaves of some plants, or the pedicel of the capsule of a moss.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the movable chitinous spines or hooks of an annelid. They usually arise in clusters from muscular capsules, and are used in locomotion and for defense. They are very diverse in form. (b) One of the spinelike feathers at the base of the bill of certain birds.

SETACEOUS
Se*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. seta a bristle: cf. F. sétacé.]

1. Set with, or consisting of, bristles; bristly; as, a stiff, setaceous tail.

2. Bristelike in form or texture; as, a setaceous feather; a setaceous leaf.

SETBACK
Set"back`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Offset, n., 4.

2. A backset; a countercurrent; an eddy. [U. S.]

3. A backset; a check; a repulse; a reverse; a relapse. [Colloq. U.S.]

SETBOLT
Set"bolt`, n. (Shipbuilding)

1. An iron pin, or bolt, for fitting planks closely together. Craig.

2. A bolt used for forcing another bolt out of its hole.

SET CHISEL
Set chisel. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of chisel or punch, variously shaped, with a broad flat end, used for stripping off rivet heads, etc.

SETDOWN
Set"down`, n.

Defn: The humbling of a person by act or words, especially by a retort or a reproof; the retort or the reproof which has such effect.

SETEE
Set*ee", n. (Naut.)

Defn: See 2d Settee.

SETEN
Set"en,

Defn: obs. imp. pl. of Sit. Sat. Chaucer.

SETEWALE
Set"e*wale, n.

Defn: See Cetewale. [Obs.]

SET-FAIR
Set"-fair`, n.

Defn: In plastering, a particularly good troweled surface. Knight.

SETFOIL
Set"foil`, n.

Defn: See Septfoil.

SETHEN
Seth"en, adv. & conj.

Defn: See Since. [Obs.]

SETHIC
Seth"ic, a.

Defn: See Sothic.

SETIFEROUS
Se*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. seta a bristle + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing, or having one or more, bristles.

SETIFORM
Se"ti*form, a. Etym: [Seta + -form: cf. F. sétiforme.]

Defn: Having the form or structure of setæ.

SETIGER
Se"ti*ger, n. Etym: [NL. See Setigerous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An annelid having setæ; a chætopod.

SETIGEROUS
Se*tig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Seta + -gerous.]

Defn: Covered with bristles; having or bearing a seta or setæ; setiferous; as, setigerous glands; a setigerous segment of an annelid; specifically (Bot.), tipped with a bristle.

SETIM
Se"tim, n.

Defn: See Shittim.

SETIPAROUS
Se*tip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Seta + L. papere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Producing setæ; — said of the organs from which the setæ of annelids arise.

SETIREME
Se"ti*reme, n. Etym: [Seta + L. remus an oar.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A swimming leg (of an insect) having a fringe of hairs on the margin.

SETNESS
Set"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being set; formality; obstinacy. "The starched setness of a sententious writer." R. Masters.

SET-OFF
Set"-off`, n. Etym: [Set + off.]

1. That which is set off against another thing; an offset. I do not contemplate such a heroine as a set-off to the many sins imputed to me as committed against woman. D. Jerrold.

2. That which is used to improve the appearance of anything; a decoration; an ornament.

3. (Law)

Defn: A counterclaim; a cross debt or demand; a distinct claim filed or set up by the defendant against the plaintiff's demand.

Note: Set-off differs from recoupment, as the latter generally grows out of the same matter or contract with the plaintiff's claim, while the former grows out of distinct matter, and does not of itself deny the justice of the plaintiff's demand. Offset is sometimes improperly used for the legal term set-off. See Recoupment.

4. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Offset, n., 4.

5. (Print.)

Defn: See Offset, 7.

Syn. — Set-off, Offset. — Offset originally denoted that which branches off or projects, as a shoot from a tree, but the term has long been used in America in the sense of set-off. This use is beginning to obtain in England; though Macaulay uses set-off, and so, perhaps, do a majority of English writers.

SETON Se"ton, n. Etym: [F. séton (cf. It. setone), from L. seta a thick, stiff hair, a bristle.] (Med. & Far.)

Defn: A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen or the like, introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to form an issue; also, the issue so formed.

SETOSE; SETOUS Se*tose", Se"tous, a. Etym: [L. setosus, saetosus, from seta, saeta, bristle: cf. F. séteux.]

Defn: Thickly set with bristles or bristly hairs.

SETOUT
Set"out`, n.

Defn: A display, as of plate, equipage, etc.; that which is displayed. [Coloq.] Dickens.

SET-STITCHED
Set"-stitched`, a.

Defn: Stitched according to a formal pattern. "An old set-stiched chair, valanced, and fringed with party-colored worsted bobs." Sterne.

SETT
Sett, n.

Defn: See Set, n., 2 (e) and 3.

SETTEE
Set*tee", n. Etym: [From Set; cf. Settle a seat.]

Defn: A long seat with a back, — made to accommodate several persons at once.

SETTEE
Set*tee", n. Etym: [F. scétie, scitie.] (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel with a very long, sharp prow, carrying two or three masts with lateen sails, — used in the Mediterranean. [Written also setee.]

SETTER
Set"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which, sets; — used mostly in composition with a noun, as typesetter; or in combination with an adverb, as a setter on (or inciter), a setter up, a setter forth.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hunting dog of a special breed originally derived from a cross between the spaniel and the pointer. Modern setters are usually trained to indicate the position of game birds by standing in a fixed position, but originally they indicated it by sitting or crouching.

Note: There are several distinct varieties of setters; as, the Irish, or red, setter; the Gordon setter, which is usually red or tan varied with black; and the English setter, which is variously colored, but usually white and tawny red, with or without black.

3. One who hunts victims for sharpers. Shak.

4. One who adapts words to music in composition.

5. An adornment; a decoration; — with off. [Obs.] They come as . . . setters off of thy graces. Whitlock.

6. (Pottery)

Defn: A shallow seggar for porcelain. Ure.

SETTER
Set"ter, v. t.

Defn: To cut the dewlap (of a cow or an ox), and to insert a seton, so as to cause an issue. [Prov. Eng.]

SETTERWORT
Set"ter*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The bear's-foot (Helleborus foetidus); — so called because the root was used in settering, or inserting setons into the dewlaps of cattle. Called also pegroots. Dr. Prior.

SETTING
Set"ting, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, sets; as, the setting of type, or of gems; the setting of the sun; the setting (hardening) of moist plaster of Paris; the setting (set) of a current.

2. The act of marking the position of game, as a setter does; also, hunting with a setter. Boyle.

3. Something set in, or inserted. Thou shalt set in it settings of stones. Ex. xxviii. 17.

4. That in which something, as a gem, is set; as, the gold setting of a jeweled pin. Setting coat (Arch.), the finishing or last coat of plastering on walls or ceilings. — Setting dog, a setter. See Setter, n., 2. — Setting pole, a pole, often iron-pointed, used for pushing boats along in shallow water. — Setting rule. (Print.) A composing rule.

SETTING-UP EXERCISE
Set`ting-up" ex"er*cise.

Defn: Any one of a series of gymnastic exercises used, as in drilling recruits, for the purpose of giving an erect carriage, supple muscles, and an easy control of the limbs.

SETTLE Set"tle, n. Etym: [OE. setel, setil, a seat, AS. setl: akin to OHG. sezzal, G. sessel, Goth. sitls, and E. sit. sq. root154. See Sit.]

1. A seat of any kind. [Obs.] "Upon the settle of his majesty" Hampole.

2. A bench; especially, a bench with a high back.

3. A place made lower than the rest; a wide step or platform lower than some other part. And from the bottom upon the ground, even to the lower settle, shall be two cubits, and the breadth one cubit. Ezek. xliii. 14. Settle bed, a bed convertible into a seat. [Eng.]

SETTLE Set"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Settled; p. pr. & vb. n. Settling.] Etym: [OE. setlen, AS. setlan. sq. root154. See Settle, n. In senses 7, 8, and 9 perhaps confused with OE. sahtlen to reconcile, AS. sahtlian, fr. saht reconciliation, sacon to contend, dispute. Cf. Sake.]

1. To place in a fixed or permanent condition; to make firm, steady, or stable; to establish; to fix; esp., to establish in life; to fix in business, in a home, or the like. And he settled his countenance steadfastly upon him, until he was ashamed. 2 Kings viii. 11. (Rev. Ver.) The father thought the time drew on Of setting in the world his only son. Dryden.

2. To establish in the pastoral office; to ordain or install as pastor or rector of a church, society, or parish; as, to settle a minister. [U. S.]

3. To cause to be no longer in a disturbed condition; to render quiet; to still; to calm; to compose. God settled then the huge whale-bearing lake. Chapman. Hoping that sleep might settle his brains. Bunyan.

4. To clear of dregs and impurities by causing them to sink; to render pure or clear; — said of a liquid; as, to settle coffee, or the grounds of coffee.

5. To restore or bring to a smooth, dry, or passable condition; — said of the ground, of roads, and the like; as, clear weather settles the roads.

6. To cause to sink; to lower; to depress; hence, also, to render close or compact; as, to settle the contents of a barrel or bag by shaking it.

7. To determine, as something which is exposed to doubt or question; to free from unscertainty or wavering; to make sure, firm, or constant; to establish; to compose; to quiet; as, to settle the mind when agitated; to settle questions of law; to settle the succession to a throne; to settle an allowance. It will settle the wavering, and confirm the doubtful. Swift.

8. To adjust, as something in discussion; to make up; to compose; to pacify; as, to settle a quarrel.

9. To adjust, as accounts; to liquidate; to balance; as, to settle an account.

10. Hence, to pay; as, to settle a bill. [Colloq.] Abbott.

11. To plant with inhabitants; to colonize; to people; as, the French first settled Canada; the Puritans settled New England; Plymouth was settled in 1620. To settle on or upon, to confer upon by permanent grant; to assure to. "I . . . have settled upon him a good annuity." Addison. — To settle the land (Naut.), to cause it to sink, or appear lower, by receding from it.

Syn. — To fix; establish; regulate; arrange; compose; adjust; determine; decide.

SETTLE
Set"tle, v. i.

1. To become fixed or permanent; to become stationary; to establish one's self or itself; to assume a lasting form, condition, direction, or the like, in place of a temporary or changing state. The wind came about and settled in the west. Bacon. Chyle . . . runs through all the intermediate colors until it settles in an intense red. Arbuthnot.

2. To fix one's residence; to establish a dwelling place or home; as, the Saxons who settled in Britain.

3. To enter into the married state, or the state of a householder. As people marry now and settle. Prior.

4. To be established in an employment or profession; as, to settle in the practice of law.

5. To become firm, dry, and hard, as the ground after the effects of rain or frost have disappeared; as, the roads settled late in the spring.

6. To become clear after being turbid or obscure; to clarify by depositing matter held in suspension; as, the weather settled; wine settles by standing. A government, on such occasions, is always thick before it settles. Addison.

7. To sink to the bottom; to fall to the bottom, as dregs of a liquid, or the sediment of a reserveir.

8. To sink gradually to a lower level; to subside, as the foundation of a house, etc.

9. To become calm; to cease from agitation. Till the fury of his highness settle, Come not before him. Shak.

10. To adjust differences or accounts; to come to an agreement; as, he has settled with his creditors.

11. To make a jointure for a wife. He sighs with most success that settles well. Garth.

SETTLEDNESS
Set"tled*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being settled; confirmed state. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

SETTLEMENT
Set"tle*ment, n.

1. The act of setting, or the state of being settled. Specifically: - - (a) Establishment in life, in business, condition, etc.; ordination or installation as pastor. Every man living has a design in his head upon wealth power, or settlement in the world. L'Estrange.

(b) The act of peopling, or state of being peopled; act of planting, as a colony; colonization; occupation by settlers; as, the settlement of a new country.

(c) The act or process of adjusting or determining; composure of doubts or differences; pacification; liquidation of accounts; arrangement; adjustment; as, settlement of a controversy, of accounts, etc. (d) Bestowal, or giving possession, under legal sanction; the act of giving or conferring anything in a formal and permanent manner. My flocks, my fields, my woods, my pastures take, With settlement as good as law can make. Dryden. (e) (Law)

Defn: A disposition of property for the benefit of some person or persons, usually through the medium of trustees, and for the benefit of a wife, children, or other relatives; jointure granted to a wife, or the act of granting it.

2. That which settles, or is settled, established, or fixed. Specifically: — (a) Matter that subsides; settlings; sediment; lees; dregs. [Obs.] Fuller's earth left a thick settlement. Mortimer.

(b) A colony newly established; a place or region newly settled; as, settlement in the West. (c) That which is bestowed formally and permanently; the sum secured to a person; especially, a jointure made to a woman at her marriage; also, in the United States, a sum of money or other property formerly granted to a pastor in additional to his salary.

3. (Arch.) (a) The gradual sinking of a building, whether by the yielding of the ground under the foundation, or by the compression of the joints or the material. (b) pl.

Defn: Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.

4. (Law)

Defn: A settled place of abode; residence; a right growing out of residence; legal residence or establishment of a person in a particular parish or town, which entitles him to maintenance if a pauper, and subjects the parish or town to his support. Blackstone. Bouvier. Act of settlement (Eng. Hist.), the statute of 12 and 13 William III, by which the crown was limited to the present reigning house (the house of Hanover). Blackstone.

SETTLER
Set"tler, n.

1. One who settles, becomes fixed, established, etc.

2. Especially, one who establishes himself in a new region or a colony; a colonist; a planter; as, the first settlers of New England.

3. That which settles or finishes; hence, a blow, etc., which settles or decides a contest. [Colloq.]

4. A vessel, as a tub, in which something, as pulverized ore suspended in a liquid, is allowed to settle.

SETTLING
Set"tling, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, settles; the act of establishing one's self, of colonizing, subsiding, adjusting, etc.

2. pl.

Defn: That which settles at the bottom of a liquid; lees; dregs; sediment. Milton. Settling day, a day for settling accounts, as in the stock market.

SET-TO
Set"-to`, n.

Defn: A contest in boxing, in an argument, or the like. [Colloq.]
Halliwell.

SETULA Set"u*la, n.; pl. Setulæ. Etym: [L. setula, saetula, dim. of seta, saeta, bristle.]

Defn: A small, short hair or bristle; a small seta.

SETULE
Set"ule, n. Etym: [See Setula.]

Defn: A setula.

SETULOSE
Set"u*lose`, a.

Defn: Having small bristles or setæ.

SETWALL
Set"wall`, n. Etym: [CF. Cetewale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant formerly valued for its restorative qualities (Valeriana officinalis, or V. Pyrenaica). [Obs.] [Written also setwal.] Chaucer.

SEVEN Sev"en, a. Etym: [OE. seven, seoven, seofen, AS. seofon, seofan, seofen; akin to D. zeven, OS., Goth., & OHG. sibun, G. sieben, Icel. sjau, sjö, Sw. sju, Dan. syv, Lith. septyni, Russ. seme, W. saith, Gael. seachd, Ir. seacht, L. septem, Gr. saptan. sq. root305. Cf. Hebdomad, Heptagon, September.]

Defn: One more than six; six and one added; as, seven days make one
week. Seven sciences. See the Note under Science, n., 4.
— Seven stars (Astron.), the Pleiades.
— Seven wonders of the world. See under Wonders.
— Seven-year apple (Bot.), a rubiaceous shrub (Genipa clusiifolia)
growing in the West Indies; also, its edible fruit.
— Seven-year vine (Bot.), a tropical climbing plant (Ipomoea
tuberosa) related to the morning-glory.

SEVEN
Sev"en, n.

1. The number greater by one than six; seven units or objects. Of every beast, and bird, and insect small, Game sevens and pairs. Milton.

2. A symbol representing seven units, as 7, or vii.

SEVENFOLD
Sev"en*fold`, a.

Defn: Repeated seven times; having seven thicknesses; increased to seven times the size or amount. "Sevenfold rage." Milton.

SEVENFOLD
Sev"en*fold`, adv.

Defn: Seven times as much or as often.
Whosoever slayeth Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him sevenfold.
Gen. iv. 15.

SEVENNIGHT
Seven"night, n.

Defn: A week; any period of seven consecutive days and nights. See
Sennight.

SEVENSCORE
Sev"en*score`, n. & a.

Defn: Seven times twenty, that is, a hundred and forty.
The old Countess of Desmond . . . lived sevenscore years. Bacon.

SEVEN-SHOOTER
Sev"en-shoot`er, n.

Defn: A firearm, esp. a pistol, with seven barrels or chambers for cartridges, or one capable of firing seven shots without reloading. [Colloq.]

SEVENTEEN Sev"en*teen`, a. Etym: [OE. seventene, AS. seofontyne, i. e., seven- ten. Cf. Seventy.]

Defn: One more than sixteen; ten and seven added; as, seventeen years.

SEVENTEEN
Sev"en*teen`, n.

1. The number greater by one than sixteen; the sum of ten and seven; seventeen units or objects.

2. A symbol denoting seventeen units, as 17, or xvii.

SEVENTEENTH Sev"en*teenth`, a. Etym: [From Seventeen: cf. AS. seofonteóedha, seofonteogeedha.]

1. Next in order after the sixteenth; coming after sixteen others. In . . . the seventeenth day of the month . . . were all the fountains of the great deep broken up. Gen. vii. 11.

2. Constituting or being one of seventeen equal parts into which anything is divided.

SEVENTEENTH
Sev"en*teenth`, n.

1. The next in order after the sixteenth; one coming after sixteen others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventeen; one of seventeen equal parts or divisions of one whole.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: An interval of two octaves and a third.

SEVENTH
Sev"enth, a. Etym: [From Seven: cf. AS. seofoedha.]

1. Next in order after the sixth;; coming after six others. On the seventh day, God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. Gen. ii. 2.

2. Constituting or being one of seven equal parts into which anything is divided; as, the seventh part. Seventh day, the seventh day of the week; Saturday. — Seventh-day Baptists. See under Baptist.

SEVENTH
Sev"enth, n.

1. One next in order after the sixth; one coming after six others.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by seven; one of seven equal parts into which anything is divided.

3. (Mus.) (a) An interval embracing seven diatonic degrees of the scale. (b) A chord which includes the interval of a seventh whether major, minor, or diminished.

SEVEN-THIRTIES
Sev`en-thir"ties, n. pl.

Defn: A name given to three several issues of United States Treasury notes, made during the Civil War, in denominations of $50 and over, bearing interest at the rate of seven and three tenths (thirty hundredths) per cent annually. Within a few years they were all redeemed or funded.

SEVENTHLY
Sev"enth*ly, adv.

Defn: In the seventh place.

SEVENTIETH
Sev"en*ti*eth, a. Etym: [AS. hund-seofontigoedha.]

1. Next in order after the sixty-ninth; as, a man in the seventieth year of his age.

2. Constituting or being one of seventy equal parts.

SEVENTIETH
Sev"en*ti*eth, n.

1. One next in order after the sixty-ninth.

2. The quotient of a unit divided by seventy; one of seventy equal parts or fractions.

SEVENTY
Sev"en*ty, a. Etym: [AS. hund-seofontig. See Seven, and Ten, and cf.
Seventeen, Sixty.]

Defn: Seven times ten; one more than sixty-nine.

SEVENTY
Sev"en*ty, n.; pl. Seventies (.

1. The sum of seven times ten; seventy units or objects.

2. A symbol representing seventy units, as 70, or lxx. The Seventy, the translators of the Greek version of the Old Testament called the Septuagint. See Septuagint.

SEVENTY-FOUR
Sev`en*ty-four", n. (Naut.)

Defn: A naval vessel carrying seventy-four guns.

SEVEN-UP
Sev"en-up`, n.

Defn: The game of cards called also all fours, and old sledge. [U.
S.]

SEVER
Sev"er, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Severed; p. pr. & vb. n. Severing.]
Etym: [OF. sevrer, severer, to separate, F. sevrer to wean, fr. L.
separare. See Separate, and cf. Several.]

1. To separate, as one from another; to cut off from something; to divide; to part in any way, especially by violence, as by cutting, rending, etc.; as, to sever the head from the body. The angels shall come forth, and sever the wicked from among the just. Matt. xiii. 49.

2. To cut or break open or apart; to divide into parts; to cut through; to disjoin; as, to sever the arm or leg. Our state can not be severed; we are one. Milton.

3. To keep distinct or apart; to except; to exempt. I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there. Ex. viii. 22.

4. (Law)

Defn: To disunite; to disconnect; to terminate; as, to sever an estate in joint tenancy. Blackstone.

SEVER
Sev"er, v. i.

1. To suffer disjunction; to be parted, or rent asunder; to be separated; to part; to separate. Shak.

2. To make a separation or distinction; to distinguish.
The Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of
Egypt. Ex. ix. 4.
They claimed the right of severing in their challenge. Macaulay.

SEVERABLE
Sev"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being severed. Encyc. Dict.

SEVERAL Sev"er*al, a. Etym: [OF., fr. LL. separalis, fr. L. separ separate, different. See Sever, Separate.]

1. Separate; distinct; particular; single. Each several ship a victory did gain. Dryden. Each might his several province well command, Would all but stoop to what they understand. Pope.

2. Diverse; different; various. Spenser. Habits and faculties, several, and to be distinguished. Bacon. Four several armies to the field are led. Dryden.

3. Consisting of a number more than two, but not very many; divers; sundry; as, several persons were present when the event took place.

SEVERAL
Sev"er*al, adv.

Defn: By itself; severally. [Obs.]
Every kind of thing is laid up several in barns or storehoudses.
Robynson (More's Utopia).

SEVERAL
Sev"er*al, n.

1. Each particular taken singly; an item; a detail; an individual. [Obs.] There was not time enough to hear . . . The severals. Shak.

2. Persons oe objects, more than two, but not very many. Several of them neither rose from any conspicuous family, nor left any behind them. Addison.

3. An inclosed or separate place; inclosure. [Obs.] They had their several for heathen nations, their several for the people of their own nation. Hooker. In several, in a state of separation. [R.] "Where pastures in several be." Tusser.

SEVERALITY
Sev`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Severalities (.

Defn: Each particular taken singly; distinction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

SEVERALIZE
Sev"er*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To distinguish. [Obs.]

SEVERALLY
Sev"er*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Separately; distinctly; apart from others; individually. There must be an auditor to check and revise each severally by itself. De Quincey.

SEVERALTY
Sev"er*al*ty, n.

Defn: A state of separation from the rest, or from all others; a holding by individual right. Forests which had never been owned in severalty. Bancroft. Estate in severalty (Law), an estate which the tenant holds in his own right, without being joined in interest with any other person; — distinguished from joint tenancy, coparcenary, and common. Blackstone.

SEVERANCE
Sev"er*ance, n.

1. The act of severing, or the state of being severed; partition; separation. Milman.

2. (Law)

Defn: The act of dividing; the singling or severing of two or more that join, or are joined, in one writ; the putting in several or separate pleas or answers by two or more disjointly; the destruction of the unity of interest in a joint estate. Bouvier.

SEVERE
Se*vere", a. [Compar. Severer; superl. Severest.] Etym: [L. severus;
perhaps akin to Gr. swikns innocent, chaste: cf. F. sévère. Cf.
Asseverate, Persevere.]

1. Serious in feeeling or manner; sedate; grave; austere; not light, lively, or cheerful. Your looks alter, as your subject does, From kind to fierce, from wanton to severe. Waller.

2. Very strict in judgment, discipline, or government; harsh; not mild or indulgent; rigorous; as, severe criticism; severe punishment. "Custody severe." Milton. Come! you are too severe a moraler. Shak. Let your zeal, if it must be expressed in anger, be always more severe against thyself than against others. Jer. Taylor.

3. Rigidly methodical, or adherent to rule or principle; exactly conformed to a standard; not allowing or employing unneccessary ornament, amplification, etc.; strict; — said of style, argument, etc. "Restrained by reason and severe principles." Jer. Taylor. The Latin, a most severe and compendious language. Dryden.

4. Sharp; afflictive; distressing; violent; extreme; as, severe pain, anguish, fortune; severe cold.

5. Difficult to be endured; exact; critical; rigorous; as, a severe test.

Syn.
— Strict; grave; austere; stern; morose; rigid; exact; rigorous;
hard; rough; harsh; censorious; tart; acrimonious; sarcastic;
satirical; cutting; biting; keen; bitter; cruel. See Strict.
— Se*vere"ly, adv.
— Se*vere"ness, n.

SEVERITY Se*ver"i*ty, n.; pl. Severities. Etym: [L. severitas: cf. F. sévérité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being severe. Specifically: — (a) Gravity or austerity; extreme strictness; rigor; harshness; as, the severity of a reprimand or a reproof; severity of discipline or government; severity of penalties. "Strict age, and sour severity." Milton. (b) The quality or power of distressing or paining; extreme degree; extremity; intensity; inclemency; as, the severity of pain or anguish; the severity of cold or heat; the severity of the winter. (c) Harshness; cruel treatment; sharpness of punishment; as, severity practiced on prisoners of war. (d) Exactness; rigorousness; strictness; as, the severity of a test. Confining myself to the severity of truth. Dryden.

SEVERY
Sev"er*y, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. ciborium. Oxf. Gloss.]
(Arch.)

Defn: A bay or compartment of a vaulted ceiling. [Written also civery.]

SEVOCATION
Sev`o*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. sevocare, sevocatum, to call aside.]

Defn: A calling aside. [Obs.]

SEVRES BLUE
Sè"vres blue`.

Defn: A very light blue.

SEVRES WARE
Sè"vres ware`.

Defn: Porcelain manufactured at Sèvres, France, ecpecially in the national factory situated there.

SEW
Sew, n.Etym: [OE. See Sewer household officer.]

Defn: Juice; gravy; a seasoned dish; a delicacy. [Obs.] Gower.
I will not tell of their strange sewes. Chaucer.

SEW
Sew, v. t. Etym: [See Sue to follow.]

Defn: To follow; to pursue; to sue. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

SEW Sew, v. t. [imp. Sewed; p. p. Sewed, rarely Sewn (; p. pr. & vb. n. Sewing.] Etym: [OE. sewen, sowen, AS. siówian, siwian; akin to OHG. siuwan, Icel. s, Sw. sy, Dan. sye, Goth. siujan, Lith. siuti, Russ, shite, L. ssuere, Gr. siv. sq. root156. Cf. Seam a suture, Suture.]

1. To unite or fasten together by stitches, as with a needle and thread. No man also seweth a piece of new cloth on an old garment. Mark ii. 21.

2. To close or stop by ssewing; — often with up; as, to sew up a rip.

3. To inclose by sewing; — sometimes with up; as, to sew money in a bag.

SEW
Sew, v. i.

Defn: To practice sewing; to work with needle and thread.

SEW
Sew, v. t. Etym: [sq. root151 b. See Sewer a drain.]

Defn: To drain, as a pond, for taking the fish. [Obs.] Tusser.

SEWAGE
Sew"age, n.

1. The contents of a sewer or drain; refuse liquids or matter carried off by sewers

2. Sewerage, 2.

SEWE
Sewe, v. i.

Defn: To perform the duties of a sewer. See 3d Sewer. [Obs.]

SEWEL
Sew"el, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A scarecrow, generally made of feathers tied to a string, hung up to prevent deer from breaking into a place. Halliwell.

SEWELLEL
Se*wel"lel, n. Etym: [Of American Indian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar gregarious burrowing rodent (Haplodon rufus), native of the coast region of the Northwestern United States. It somewhat resembles a muskrat or marmot, but has only a rudimentary tail. Its head is broad, its eyes are small and its fur is brownish above, gray beneath. It constitutes the family Haplodontidæ. Called also boomer, showt'l, and mountain beaver.

SEWEN
Sew"en, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A British trout usually regarded as a variety (var. Cambricus) of the salmon trout.

SEWER
Sew"er, n.

1. One who sews, or stitches.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small tortricid moth whose larva sews together the edges of a leaf by means of silk; as, the apple-leaf sewer (Phoxopteris nubeculana)

SEWER Sew"er, n. Etym: [OF. sewiere, seuwiere, ultimately fr. L. ex out + a derivative of aqua water; cf. OF. essevour a drain, essever, esseuwer, essiaver, to cause to flow, to drain, to flow, LL. exaquatorium a channel through which water runs off. Cf. Ewer, Aquarium.]

Defn: A drain or passage to carry off water and filth under ground; a subterraneous channel, particularly in cities.

SEWER Sew"er, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. assewer, and asseour, OF. asseour, F. asseoir to seat, to set, L. assidere to sit by; ad + sedere to sit (cf. Sit); or cf. OE. sew pottage, sauce, boiled meat, AS. seáw juice, Skr. su to press out.]

Defn: Formerly, an upper servant, or household officer, who set on and removed the dishes at a feast, and who also brought water for the hands of the guests. Then the sewer Poured water from a great and golden ewer, That from their hands to a silver caldron ran. Chapman.

SEWERAGE
Sew"er*age, n.

1. The construction of a sewer or sewers.

2. The system of sewers in a city, town, etc.; the general drainage of a city or town by means of sewers.

3. The material collected in, and discharged by, sewers. [In this sense sewage is preferable and common.]

SEWIN
Sew"in, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sewen.

SEWING
Sew"ing, n.

1. The act or occupation of one who sews.

2. That which is sewed with the needle. Sewing horse (Harness making), a clamp, operated by the foot, for holding pieces of leather while being sewed. — Sewing machine, a machine for sewing or stitching. — Sewing press, or Sewing table (Bookbinding), a fixture or table having a frame in which are held the cords to which the back edges of folded sheets are sewed to form a book.

SEWSTER
Sew"ster, n.

Defn: A seamstress. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SEX-
Sex-. Etym: [L. sex six. See Six.]

Defn: A combining form meaning six; as, sexdigitism; sexennial.

SEX
Sex, n. Etym: [L. sexus: cf. F. sexe.]

1. The distinguishing peculiarity of male or female in both animals and plants; the physical difference between male and female; the assemblage of properties or qualities by which male is distinguished from female.

2. One of the two divisions of organic beings formed on the distinction of male and female.

3. (Bot.) (a) The capability in plants of fertilizing or of being fertilized; as, staminate and pistillate flowers are of opposite sexes. (b) One of the groups founded on this distinction. The sex, the female sex; women, in general.

SEXAGENARIAN
Sex`a*ge*na"ri*an, n. Etym: [See Sexagenary.]

Defn: A person who is sixty years old.

SEXAGENARY Sex*ag"e*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. sexagenarius, fr. sexageni sixty each, akin to sexaginta sixty, sex six: cf. sexagénaire. See Six.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, the number sixty; poceeding by sixties; sixty years old. Sexagenary arithmetic. See under Sexagesimal. — Sexagenary, or Sexagesimal, scale (Math.), a scale of numbers in which the modulus is sixty. It is used in treating the divisions of the circle.

SEXAGENARY
Sex*ag"e*na*ry, n.

1. Something composed of sixty parts or divisions.

2. A sexagenarian. Sir W. Scott.

SEXAGESIMA Sex`a*ges"i*ma, n. Etym: [L., fem. of sexagesimus sixtieth, fr. sexaginta sixty.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The second Sunday before Lent; — so called as being about the sixtieth day before Easter.

SEXAGESIMAL
Sex`a*ges"i*mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. sexagésimal.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or founded on, the number sixty. Sexagesimal fractions or numbers (Arith. & Alg.), those fractions whose denominators are some power of sixty; as, astronomical fractions, because formerly there were no others used in astronomical calculations. — Sexagesimal, or Sexagenary, arithmetic, the method of computing by the sexagenary scale, or by sixties. — Sexagesimal scale (Math.), the sexagenary scale.

SEXAGESIMAL
Sex`a*ges"i*mal, n.

Defn: A sexagesimal fraction.

SEXANGLE Sex"an`gle, n. Etym: [L. sexangulus sexangular; sex six + angulus angle: cf. F. sexangle. Cf. Hexangular.] (Geom.)

Defn: A hexagon. [R.] Hutton.

SEXANGLED; SEXANGULAR
Sex"an`gled, Sex*an"gu*lar a. Etym: [Cf. F. sexangulaire.]

Defn: Having six angles; hexagonal. [R.] Dryden.

SEXANGULARLY
Sex*an"gu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: Hexagonally. [R.]

SEXAVALENT
Sex*av"a*lent, a.

Defn: See Sexivalent. [R.]

SEXDIGITISM
Sex*dig"it*ism, n. Etym: [Sex- + digit.]

Defn: The state of having six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.

SEXDIGITIST
Sex*dig"it*ist, n.

Defn: One who has six fingers on a hand, or six toes on a foot.

SEXED
Sexed, a.

Defn: Belonging to sex; having sex; distinctively male of female; as, the sexed condition.

SEXENARY
Sex"e*na*ry, a.

Defn: Proceeding by sixes; sextuple; — applied especially to a system of arithmetical computation in which the base is six.

SEXENNIAL Sex*en"ni*al, a. Etym: [L. sexennium a period of six years, sexennis of six years; sex six + annus a year. See Six, and Annual.]

Defn: Lasting six years, or happening once in six years. — n.

Defn: A sexennial event.

SEXENNIALLY
Sex*en"ni*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Once in six years.

SEXFID; SEXIFID
Sex"fid, Sex"i*fid, a. Etym: [Sex- + root of L. findere to split: cf.
F. sexfide.] (Bot.)

Defn: Six-cleft; as, a sexfid calyx or nectary.

SEXISYLLABIC
Sex`i*syl*lab"ic, a. Etym: [Sex- + syllabic.]

Defn: Having six syllables. Emerson.

SEXISYLLABLE
Sex"i*syl`la*ble, n. Etym: [Sex- + syllable.]

Defn: A word of six syllables.

SEXIVALENT Sex*iv"a*lent, a. Etym: [Sex- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] (hem.)

Defn: Hexavalent. [R.]

SEXLESS
Sex"less, a.

Defn: Having no sex.

SEXLOCULAR
Sex`loc"u*lar, a. Etym: [Sex- + locular: cf. F. sexloculaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having six cells for seeds; six-celled; as, a sexlocular pericarp.

SEXLY
Sex"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to sex. [R.] Should I ascribe any of these things unto myself or my sexly weakness, I were not worthy to live. Queen Elizabeth.

SEXRADIATE
Sex*ra"di*ate, a. Etym: [Sex- + radiate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having six rays; — said of certain sponge spicules. See
Illust. of Spicule.

SEXT Sext, n. Etym: [L. sexta, fem. of sextus sixtt, fr. sex six: cf. F. sexte.] (R.C.Ch.) (a) The office for the sixth canonical hour, being a part of the Breviary. (b) The sixth book of the decretals, added by Pope Boniface VIII.

SEXTAIN
Sex"tain, n. Etym: [L. sextus sixth, fr. sex six: cf. It. sestina.]
(Pros.)

Defn: A stanza of six lines; a sestine.

SEXTANS
Sex"tans, n. Etym: [L. See Sextant.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A Roman coin, the sixth part of an as.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation on the equator south of Leo; the Sextant.

SEXTANT Sex"tant, n. Etym: [L. sextans, -antis, the sixth part of an as, fr. sextus sixth, sex six. See Six.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: The sixth part of a circle.

2. An instrument for measuring angular distances between objects, — used esp. at sea, for ascertaining the latitude and longitude. It is constructed on the same optical principle as Hadley's quadrant, but usually of metal, with a nicer graduation, telescopic sight, and its arc the sixth, and sometimes the third, part of a circle. See Quadrant.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: The constellation Sextans. Box sextant, a small sextant inclosed in a cylindrical case to make it more portable.

SEXTARY Sex"ta*ry, n.; pl. Sextaries. Etym: [L. sextarius the sixth part of a measure, weight, etc., fr. sextus sixth, sex six.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An ancient Roman liquid and dry measure, about equal to an
English pint.

SEXTARY
Sex"ta*ry, n. Etym: [For sextonry.]

Defn: A sacristy. [Obs.]

SEXTET; SEXTETTO
Sex*tet", Sex*tet"to, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Sestet.

SEXTEYN
Sex"teyn, n.

Defn: A sacristan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SEXTIC
Sex"tic, a. Etym: [L. sextus sixth.] (Math.)

Defn: Of the sixth degree or order.
— n. (Alg.)

Defn: A quantic of the sixth degree.

SEXTILE
Sex"tile, a. Etym: [F. sextil, fr. L. sextus the sixth, from sex six.
See Six.] (Astrol.)

Defn: Measured by sixty degrees; fixed or indicated by a distance of sixty degrees. Glanvill.

SEXTILE
Sex"tile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. aspect sextil.] (Astrol.)

Defn: The aspect or position of two planets when distant from each other sixty degrees, or two signs. This position is marked thus: Hutton.

SEXTILLION Sex*til"lion, n. Etym: [Formed (in imitation of million) fr. L. sextus sixth, sex six: cf. F. sextilion.]

Defn: According to the method of numeration (which is followed also in the United States), the number expressed by a unit with twenty-one ciphers annexed. According to the English method, a million raised to the sixth power, or the number expressed by a unit with thirty-six ciphers annexed. See Numeration.

SEXTO
Sex"to, n.; pl. Sextos. Etym: [L. sextus sixth.]

Defn: A book consisting of sheets each of which is folded into six leaves.

SEXTODECIMO Sex`to*dec"i*mo, a. Etym: [L. sextus-decimus the sixteenth; sextus the sixth (fr. sex six) + decimus the tenth, from decem ten. See - mo.]

Defn: Having sixteen leaves to a sheet; of, or equal to, the size of one fold of a sheet of printing paper when folded so as to make sixteen leaves, or thirty-two pages; as, a sextodecimo volume.

SEXTODECIMO
Sex`to*dec"imo, n.; pl. Sextodecimos (.

Defn: A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; — usually written 16mo, or 16º.

SEXTOLET
Sex"to*let, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A double triplet; a group of six equal notes played in the time of four.

SEXTON
Sex"ton, n. Etym: [OE. sextein, contr. fr. sacristan.]

Defn: An under officer of a church, whose business is to take care of the church building and the vessels, vestments, etc., belonging to the church, to attend on the officiating clergyman, and to perform other duties pertaining to the church, such as to dig graves, ring the bell, etc. Sexton beetle (Zoöl.), a burying beetle.

SEXTONESS
Sex"ton*ess, n.

Defn: A female sexton; a sexton's wife.

SEXTONRY
Sex"ton*ry, n.

Defn: Sextonship. [Obs.] Ld. Bernes.

SEXTONSHIP
Sex"ton*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a sexton. Swift.

SEXTRY
Sex"try, n.

Defn: See Sacristy. [Obs.]

SEXTUPLE Sex"tu*ple, a. Etym: [Formed (in imitation of quadruple) fr. L. sextus sixth: cf. F. sextuple.]

1. Six times as much; sixfold.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Divisible by six; having six beats; as, sixtuple measure.

SEXUAL
Sex"u*al, a. Etym: [L. sexualis, fr. sexus sex: cf. F. sexuel.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sex, or the sexes; distinguishing sex; peculiar to the distinction and office of male or female; relating to the distinctive genital organs of the sexes; proceeding from, or based upon, sex; as, sexual characteristics; sexual intercourse, connection, or commerce; sexual desire; sexual diseases; sexual generation. Sexual dimorphism (Biol.), the condition of having one of the sexes existing in two forms, or varieties, differing in color, size, etc., as in many species of butterflies which have two kinds of females. — Sexual method (Bot.), a method of classification proposed by Linnæus, founded mainly on difference in number and position of the stamens and pistils of plants. — Sexual selection (Biol.), the selective preference of one sex for certain characteristics in the other, such as bright colors, musical notes, etc.; also, the selection which results from certain individuals of one sex having more opportunities of pairing with the other sex, on account of greater activity, strength, courage, etc.; applied likewise to that kind of evolution which results from such sexual preferences. Darwin. In these cases, therefore, natural selection seems to have acted independently of sexual selection. A. R. Wallace.

SEXUALIST
Sex"u*al*ist, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One who classifies plants by the sexual method of Linnæus.

SEXUALITY
Sex`u*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being distinguished by sex. Lindley.

SEXUALIZE
Sex"u*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To attribute sex to.

SEXUALLY
Sex"u*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sexual manner or relation.

SEY; SEYH
Sey, Seyh, obs. imp. sing. & 2d pers. pl.

Defn: of See. Chaucer.

SEYE; SEYEN
Seye, Seyen, obs. imp. pl. & p. p.

Defn: of See.

SEYND
Seynd, obs. p. p.

Defn: of Senge, to singe. Chaucer.

SEYNT
Seynt, n.

Defn: A gridle. See 1st Seint. [Obs.]

SFORZANDO; SFORZATO Sfor*zan"do, Sfor*za"to, a. Etym: [It. sforzando, p. pr., and sforzato, p. p. of sforzare to force.] (Mus.)

Defn: Forcing or forced; — a direction placed over a note, to signify that it must be executed with peculiar emphasis and force; — marked fz (an abbreviation of forzando), sf, sfz, or

SFUMATO
Sfu*ma"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Paint.)

Defn: Having vague outlines, and colors and shades so mingled as to give a misty appearance; — said of a painting.

SGRAFFITO
Sgraf*fi"to, a. Etym: [It.] (Paint.)

Defn: Scratched; — said of decorative painting of a certain style, in which a white overland surface is cut or scratched through, so as to form the design from a dark ground underneath.

SHAB
Shab, n. Etym: [OE. shabbe, AS. sc. See Scab.]

Defn: The itch in animals; also, a scab. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHAB
Shab, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shabbing.] Etym:
[See Scab, 3.]

Defn: To play mean tricks; to act shabbily. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHAB
Shab, v. t.

Defn: To scratch; to rub. [Obs.] Farquhar.

SHABBED
Shab"bed, a.

Defn: Shabby. [Obs.] Wood.

SHABBILY
Shab"bi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shabby manner.

SHABBINESS
Shab"bi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sghabby.

SHABBLE; SHABBLE
Shab"ble, Shab"ble, n.Etym: [Cf. D. sabel, and G. säbel.]

Defn: A kind of crooked sword or hanger. [Scot.]

SHABBY Shab"by, a. [Compar. Shabbier; superl. Shabbiest.] Etym: [See Shab, n., Scabby, and Scab.]

1. Torn or worn to rage; poor; mean; ragged. Wearing shabby coats and dirty shirts. Macaulay.

2. Clothed with ragged, much worn, or soiled garments. "The dean was so shabby." Swift.

3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as, shabby treatment. "Very shabby fellows." Clarendon.

SHABRACK Shab"rack, n. Etym: [Turk. tshaprak, whence F. chabraque, G. shabracke.] (Mil.)

Defn: The saddlecloth or housing of a cavalry horse.

SHACK
Shack, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E., to shake, to shed. See Shake.]

1. To shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

2. To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn. [Prov. Eng.]

3. To wander as a vagabond or a tramp. [Prev.Eng.]

SHACK
Shack, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. shag refuse of barley or oats.]

1. The grain left after harvest or gleaning; also, nuts which have fallen to the ground. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Liberty of winter pasturage. [Prov. Eng.]

3. A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. All the poor old shacks about the town found a friend in Deacon Marble. H. W. Beecher. Common of shack (Eng.Law), the right of persons occupying lands lying together in the same common field to turn out their cattle to range in it after harvest. Cowell.

SHACKATORY
Shack"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A hound. [Obs.]

SHACKLE
Shac"kle, n.

Defn: Stubble. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

SHACKLE Shac"kle, n. Etym: [Generally used in the plural.] Etym: [OE. schakkyll, schakle, AS. scacul, sceacul, a shackle, fr. scacan to shake; cf. D. schakel a link of a chain, a mesh, Icel. skökull the pole of a cart. See Shake.]

1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter. His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean. Spenser.

2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free action. His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles. South.

3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament. Most of the men and women . . . had all earrings made of gold, and gold shackles about their legs and arms. Dampier.

4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a movable bolt, so that the parts can be separated, or the loop removed; a clevis.

5. A link for connecting railroad cars; — called also drawlink, draglink, etc.

6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which it is hung to the staple. Knight. Shackle joint (Anat.), a joint formed by a bony ring passing through a hole in a bone, as at the bases of spines in some fishes.

SHACKLE
Shac"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shackled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shackling.]

1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain. To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn Of gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief. J. Philips.

2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber. Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom could pursue that object. Walpole.

3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.] Shackle bar, the coupling between a locomotive and its tender. [U.S.] — Shackle bolt, a shackle. Sir W. Scott.

SHACKLOCK
Shack"lock`, n.

Defn: A sort of shackle. [Obs.]

SHACKLY
Shack"ly, a.

Defn: Shaky; rickety. [Colloq. U. S.]

SHAD
Shad, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [AS. sceadda a kind of fish, akin to Prov.
G. schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a herring, W. ysgadan herrings; all
perhaps akin to E. skate a fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (C. alosa), and the twaite shad. (C. finta), are less important species. [Written also chad.]

Note: The name is loosely applied, also, to several other fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under Gizzard), called also mud shad, white- eyed shad, and winter shad. Hardboaded, or Yellow-tailed, shad, the menhaden. — Hickory, or Tailor, shad, the mattowacca. — Long-boned shad, one of several species of important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres. — Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier (A. Canadensis, and A. alnifolia) Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called service tree, and Juneberry. — Shad frog, an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); — so called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in the rivers. — Trout shad, the squeteague. — White shad,the common shad.

SHADBIRD Shad"bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The American, or Wilson's, snipe. See under Snipe. So called because it appears at the same time as the shad. (b) The common European sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]

SHADD
Shadd, n. (Mining.)

Defn: Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of the ground, and indicating a vein. Raymond.

SHADDE
Shad"de,

Defn: obs. imp. of Shed. Chaucer.

SHADDOCK Shad"dock, n. Etym: [Said to be so called from a Captain Shaddock, who first brought this fruit from the East Indies.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tree (Citrus decumana) and its fruit, which is a large species of orange; — called also forbidden fruit, and pompelmous.

SHADE Shade, n. Etym: [OE. shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS. sceadu, scead; akin to OS. skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato, (gen. scatewes), G. schatten, Goth. skadus, Ir. & Gael. sgath, and probably to Gr. Shadow, Shed a hat.]

1. Comparative obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the rays of light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of something between the space contemplated and the source of light.

Note: Shade differs from shadow as it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. When we speak of the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its form and extent.

2. Darkness; obscurity; — often in the plural. The shades of night were falling fast. Longfellow.

3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light; hence, a secluded retreat. Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak.

4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light or the direct rays of the sun; hence, also, that which protects from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection; shelter; cover; as, a lamp shade. The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand. Ps. cxxi. 5. Sleep under a fresh tree's shade. Shak. Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading shades of vegetables. J. Philips.

5. Shadow. [Poetic.] Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope.

6. The soul after its separation from the body; — so called because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight, though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the shades of departed heroes. Swift as thought the flitting shade Thro' air his momentary journey made. Dryden.

7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.)

Defn: The darker portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See
Def. 1, above.

8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or lighter, stronger or paler; as, a delicate shade of pink. White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green only in by the eyes. Locke.

9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought, belief, expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything which is distinguished from others similar by slight differences; as, the shades of meaning in synonyms. New shades and combinations of thought. De Quincey. Every shade of religious and political opinion has its own headquarters. Macaulay. The Shades, the Nether World; the supposed abode of souls after leaving the body.

SHADE
Shade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shading.]

1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off illumination from. Milton. I went to crop the sylvan scenes, And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden.

2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen; to hide; as, to shade one's eyes. Ere in our own house I do shade my head. Shak.

3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of. Thou shad'st The full blaze of thy beams. Milton.

4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken.

5. To mark with gradations of light or color.

6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent. [Obs.] [The goddess] in her person cunningly did shade That part of Justice which is Equity. Spenser.

SHADEFUL
Shade"ful, a.

Defn: Full of shade; shady.

SHADELESS
Shade"less, a.

Defn: Being without shade; not shaded.

SHADER
Shad"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shades.

SHADILY
Shad"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shady manner.

SHADINESS
Shad"i*ness

Defn: , n. Quality or state of being shady.

SHADING
Shad"ing, n.

1. Act or process of making a shade.

2. That filling up which represents the effect of more or less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in a picture or a drawing.

SHADOOF
Sha*doof", n. Etym: [Ar. shad.]

Defn: A machine, resembling a well sweep, used in Egypt for raising water from the Nile for irrigation.

SHADOW
Shad"ow, n. Etym: [Originally the same word as shade. sq. root162.
See Shade.]

1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a surface, and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as, the shadow of a man, of a tree, or of a tower. See the Note under Shade, n., 1.

2. Darkness; shade; obscurity. Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.

3. A shaded place; shelter; protection; security. In secret shadow from the sunny ray, On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Spenser.

4. A reflected image, as in a mirror or in water. Shak.

5. That which follows or attends a person or thing like a shadow; an inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious follower. Sin and her shadow Death. Milton.

6. A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom. "Hence, horrible shadow!" Shak.

7. An imperfect and faint representation; adumbration; indistinct image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical reprresentation; type. The law having a shadow of good things to come. Heb. x. 1. [Types] and shadows of that destined seed. Milton.

8. A small degree; a shade. "No variableness, neither shadow of turning." James i. 17.

9. An uninvited guest coming with one who is invited. [A Latinism] Nares. I must not have my board pastered with shadows That under other men's protection break in Without invitement. Massinger. Shadow of death, darkness or gloom like that caused by the presence or the impending of death. Ps. xxiii. 4.

SHADOW
Shad"ow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shadowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shadowing.]
Etym: [OE. shadowen, AS. sceadwian. See adow, n.]

1. To cut off light from; to put in shade; to shade; to throw a shadow upon; to overspead with obscurity. The warlike elf much wondered at this tree, So fair and great, that shadowed all the ground. Spenser.

2. To conceal; to hide; to screen. [R.] Let every soldier hew him down a bough. And bear't before him; thereby shall we shadow The numbers of our host. Shak.

3. To protect; to shelter from danger; to shroud. Shadoving their right under your wings of war. Shak.

4. To mark with gradations of light or color; to shade.

5. To represent faintly or imperfectly; to adumbrate; hence, to represent typically. Augustus is shadowed in the person of Dryden.

6. To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over. The shadowed livery of the burnished sun. Shak. Why sad I must not see the face O love thus shadowed. Beau & Fl.

7. To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and watch closely, especially in a secret or unobserved manner; as, a detective shadows a criminal.

SHADOWINESS
Shad"ow*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shadowy.

SHADOWING
Shad"ow*ing, n.

1. Shade, or gradation of light and color; shading. Feltham.

2. A faint representation; an adumbration. There are . . . in savage theology shadowings, quaint or majestic, of the conception of a Supreme Deity. Tylor.

SHADOWISH
Shad"ow*ish, a.

Defn: Shadowy; vague. [Obs.] Hooker.

SHADOWLESS
Shad"ow*less, a.

Defn: Having no shadow.

SHADOWY
Shad"ow*y, a.

1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow. "Shadowy verdure." Fenton. This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak.

2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. "The shadowy past." Longfellow.

3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light. The moon . . . with more pleasing light, Shadowy sets off the face things. Milton.

4. Faintly representative; hence, typical. From sshadowy types to truth, from flesh to spirit. Milton.

5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as, shadowy honor. Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death. Addison.

SHADRACH
Sha"drach, n. (Metal.)

Defn: A mass of iron on which the operation of smelting has failed of
its intended effect; — so called from Shadrach, one of the three
Hebrews who came forth unharmed from the fiery furnace of
Nebuchadnezzar. (See Dan. iii. 26, 27.)

SHAD-SPIRIT
Shad"-spir`it, n.

Defn: See Shadbird (a)

SHAD-WAITER
Shad"-wait`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A lake whitefish; the roundfish. See Roundfish.

SHADY
Shad"y, a. [Compar. Shadier; superl. Shadiest.]

1. Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing
shade.
The shady trees cover him with their shadow. Job. xl. 22.
And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.

2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat. Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for summer and warm for winter. Bacon.

3. Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence, unfit to be seen or known; equivocal; dubious or corrupt. [Colloq.] "A shady business." London Sat. Rev. Shady characters, disreputable, criminal. London Spectator. On the shady side of, on the thither side of; as, on the shady side of fifty; that is, more than fifty. [Colloq.] — To keep shady, to stay in concealment; also, to be reticent. [Slang]

SHAFFLE
Shaf"fle, v. i. Etym: [See Shuffle.]

Defn: To hobble or limp; to shuffle. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHAFFLER
Shaf"fler, n.

Defn: A hobbler; one who limps; a shuffer. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHAFIITE
Sha"fi*ite, n.

Defn: A member of one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or Orthodox
Mohammedans; — so called from its founder, Mohammed al-Shafeï.

SHAFT
Shaft, n. Etym: [OE. shaft, schaft, AS. sceaft; akin to D. schacht,
OHG. scaft, G. schaft, Dan. & Sw. skaft handle, haft, Icel. skapt,
and probably to L. scapus, Gr. Scape, Scepter, Shave.]

1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow. His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft. Chaucer. A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele [stale], the feathers, and the head. Ascham.

2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be thrown or darted; as, shafts of light. And the thunder, Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage, Perhaps hath spent his shafts. Milton. Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been attacked with all the shafts of ridicule. V. Knox.

3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or handle of an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially when cylindrical. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant. (b) (Zoöl.) The stem or midrib of a feather. See Illust. of Feather. (c) The pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill. (d) The part of a candlestick which supports its branches. Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . . his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same. Ex. xxv. 31.

(e) The handle or helve of certain tools, instruments, etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc. (f) A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.] Stow. (g) (Arch.) The body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base (see Illust. of Column). Also, the part of a chimney above the roof. Also, the spire of a steeple. [Obs. or R.] Gwilt. (h) A column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar monument. Bid time and nature gently spare The shaft we raise to thee. Emerson. (i) (Weaving)

Defn: A rod at the end of a heddle. (j) (Mach.) A solid or hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more journals on which it rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or more wheels or other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; as, the shaft of a steam engine. See Illust. of Countershaft.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A humming bird (Thaumastura cora) having two of the tail feathers next to the middle ones very long in the male; — called also cora humming bird.

5. Etym: [Cf. G. schacht.] (Mining)

Defn: A well-like excavation in the earth, perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and raising ore, for raising water, etc.

6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air shaft.

7. The chamber of a blast furnace. Line shaft (Mach.), a main shaft of considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means of countershafts; — called also line, or main line. — Shaft alley (Naut.), a passage extending from the engine room to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft. — Shaft furnace (Metal.), a furnace, in the form of a chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at the bottom.

SHAFTED
Shaft"ed, a.

1. Furnished with a shaft, or with shafts; as, a shafted arch.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Having a shaft; — applied to a spear when the head and the shaft are of different tinctures.

SHAFTING
Shaft"ing, n. (Mach.)

Defn: Shafts, collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for communicating motion.

SHAFTMAN; SHAFTMENT
Shaft"man, Shaft"ment, n. Etym: [AS. sceaftmund.]

Defn: A measure of about six inches. [Obs.]

SHAG Shag, n. Etym: [AS. sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. skegg the beard, Sw. skägg, Dan. skj. Cf. Schock of hair.]

1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair. True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay.

2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.

3. (Com.)

Defn: A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of cormorant.

SHAG
Shag, a.

Defn: Hairy; shaggy. Shak.

SHAG
Shag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Shagging.]

Defn: To make hairy or shaggy; hence, to make rough.
Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. J. Barlow.

SHAGBARK
Shag"bark`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A rough-barked species of hickory (Carya alba), its nut. Called also shellbark. See Hickory. (b) The West Indian Pithecolobium micradenium, a legiminous tree with a red coiled-up pod.

SHAGEBUSH
Shage"bush`, n.

Defn: A sackbut. [Obs.]

SHAGGED
Shag"ged, a.

Defn: Shaggy; rough. Milton.
— Shag"ged*ness, n. Dr. H. More.

SHAGGINESS
Shag"gi*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.

SHAGGY Shag"gy, a. [Compar. Shaggier; superl. Shaggiest.] Etym: [From Shag, n.]

Defn: Rough with long hair or wool.
About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. Dryden.

2. Rough; rugged; jaggy. Milton. [A rill] that winds unseen beneath the shaggy fell. Keble.

SHAG-HAIRED
Shag"-haired`, a.

Defn: Having shaggy hair. Shak.

SHAG-RAG
Shag"-rag`, n.

Defn: The unkempt and ragged part of the community. [Colloq. or
Slang.] R. Browning.

SHAGREEN
Sha*green", v. t.

Defn: To chagrin. [Obs.]

SHAGREEN Sha*green", n. Etym: [F. chagrin, It. zigrino, fr. Turk. saghri the back of a horse or other beast of burden, shagreen. Cf. Chagrin.]

1. A kind of untanned leather prepared in Russia and the East, from the skins of horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be covered with small round granulations. This characteristic surface is produced by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when moist, and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left between them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions of the skin which had been compressed or indented by the seeds to swell up into relief. It is used for covering small cases and boxes.

2. The skin of various small sharks and other fishes when having small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of the genus Scyllium furnish a large part of that used in the arts.

SHAGREEN; SHAGREENED
Sha*green", Sha*greened" a.

1. Made or covered with the leather called shagreen. "A shagreen case of lancets." T. Hook.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with rough scales or points like those on shagreen.

SHAH
Shah, n. Etym: [Per. shah a king, sovereign, prince. Cf. Checkmate,
Chess, Pasha.]

Defn: The title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries, especially Persia. [Written also schah.] Shah Nameh. Etym: [Per., Book of Kings.] A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi, being the most ancient in the modern Persian language. Brande & C.

SHAHIN
Sha*hin", n. Etym: [Ar. shahin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and swift Asiatic falcon (Falco pregrinator) highly valued in falconry.

SHAIK
Shaik, n.

Defn: See Sheik.

SHAIL Shail, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. sceolh squinting, Icel. skjagr wry, oblique, Dan. skele to squint.]

Defn: To walk sidewise. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

SHAITAN; SHEITAN
Shai"tan, Shei"tan, n. [Written also sheytan.] [Hind. shaitan, fr.
Ar. shaitsan.]

1. Among Mohammedans:
(a) An evil spirit; the evil one; the devil.
(b) One of bad disposition; a fiend. [Colloq.]

2. (Meteor.) A dust storm. [India]

SHAKE
Shake,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Shake. Chaucer.

SHAKE
Shake, v. t. [imp. Shook; p. p. Shaken, (Shook, obs.); p. pr. & vb.
n. Shaking.] Etym: [OE. shaken, schaken, AS. scacan, sceacan; akin to
Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS. skakan, to depart, to flee. sq. root161. Cf.
Shock, v.]

1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate. As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind. Rev. vi. 13. Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven's basis. Milton.

2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of. When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they persecuted his reputation. Atterbury. Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced. Milton.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake a note in music.

4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; — generally with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down from a tree. Shake off the golden slumber of repose. Shak. 'Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age. Shak. I could scarcely shake him out of my company. Bunyan. To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the staves. — To shake hands, to perform the customary act of civility by clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell, good will, agreement, etc. — To shake out a reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread more canvas. — To shake the bells. See under Bell. — To shake the sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

SHAKE
Shake, v. i.

Defn: To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to totter. Under his burning wheels The steadfast empyrean shook throughout, All but the throne itself of God. Milton. What danger Who 's that that shakes behind there Beau & FL. Shaking piece, a name given by butchers to the piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See Illust. of Beef.

SHAKE
Shake, n.

1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering; agitation. The great soldier's honor was composed Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake. Herbert. Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. Addison.

2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly. Gwilt.

3. A fissure in rock or earth.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a trill.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. Totten.

6. A shook of staves and headings. Knight.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redshank; — so called from the nodding of its head while
on the ground. [Prov. Eng.] No great shakes, of no great importance.
[Slang] Byron.
— The shakes, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]

SHAKEDOWN
Shake"down`, n.

Defn: A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; — perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this purpose. Sir W. Scott.

SHAKEFORK
Shake"fork`, n.

Defn: A fork for shaking hay; a pitchfork. [Obs.]

SHAKEN
Shak"en, a.

1. Caused to shake; agitated; as, a shaken bough.

2. Cracked or checked; split. See Shake, n., 2. Nor is the wood shaken or twisted. Barroe.

3. Impaired, as by a shock.

SHAKER
Shak"er, n.

1. A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is shaken.

2. One of a religious sect who do not marry, popularly so called from the movements of the members in dancing, which forms a part of their worship.

Note: The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to the United States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee. The Shakers are sometimes nicknamed Shaking Quakers, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine and practice. They style themselves the "United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing." The sect is now confined in the United States.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of pigeon. P. J. Selby.

SHAKERESS
Shak"er*ess, n.

Defn: A female Shaker.

SHAKERISM
Shak"er*ism, n.

Defn: Doctrines of the Shakers.

SHAKESPEAREAN
Shake*spear"e*an, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his works. [Written also Shakespearian, Shakspearean, Shakspearian, Shaksperean, Shaksperian.etc.]

SHAKINESS
Shak"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being shaky.

SHAKINGS
Shak"ings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage, canvas, etc. Ham. Nav.
Encyc.

SHAKO
Shak"o, n. Etym: [Hung. csákó: cf. F. shako, schako.]

Defn: A kind of military cap or headress.

SHAKUDO
Shak"u*do", n. [Jap.]

Defn: An alloy of copper, invented by the Japanese, having a very dark blue color approaching black.

SHAKY
Shak"y, a. [Compar. Shakier; superl. Shakiest.]

1. Shaking or trembling; as, a shaky spot in a marsh; a shaky hand. Thackeray.

2. Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; as, shaky timber. Gwilt.

3. Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; as, a shaky constitution; shaky business credit. [Colloq.]

SHALE
Shale, n. Etym: [AS. scealy, scalu. See Scalme, and cf. Shell.]

1. A shell or husk; a cod or pod. "The green shales of a bean." Chapman.

2. Etym: [G. shale.] (Geol.)

Defn: A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure. Bituminous shale. See under Bituminous.

SHALE
Shale, v. t.

Defn: To take off the shell or coat of; to shell. Life, in its upper grades, was bursting its shell, or was shaling off its husk. I. Taylor.

SHALL Shall, v. i. & auxiliary. [imp. Should.] Etym: [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen, pres. zal, imp. zoude, zou, OHG. solan, scolan, pres. scal, sol. imp. scolta, solta, G. sollen, pres. soll, imp. sollte, Icel. skulu, pres. skal, imp. skyldi, SW. skola, pres. skall, imp. skulle, Dan. skulle, pres. skal, imp. skulde, Goth. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skulda, and to AS. scyld guilt, G. schuld guilt, fault, debt, and perhaps to L. scelus crime.]

Note: [Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative, or participle.]

1. To owe; to be under obligation for. [Obs.] "By the faith I shall to God" Court of Love.

2. To be obliged; must. [Obs.] "Me athinketh [I am sorry] that I shall rehearse it her." Chaucer.

3. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat, or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is also employed in the language of prophecy; as, "the day shall come when . . . , " since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is always a less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by will. "I shall go" implies nearly a simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic "I will go." In a question, the relation of speaker and source of obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as, "Shall you go" (answer, "I shall go"); "Shall he go" i. e., "Do you require or promise his going" (answer, "He shall go".) The same relation is transferred to either second or third person in such phrases as "You say, or think, you shall go;" "He says, or thinks, he shall go." After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he shall say they are right. Should is everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he should do it whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be omitted. "He to England shall along with you." Shak.

Note: Shall and will are often confounded by inaccurate speakers and writers. Say: I shall be glad to see you. Shall I do this Shall I help you (not Will I do this) See Will.

SHALLI
Shal"li, n.

Defn: See Challis.

SHALLON
Shal"lon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen shrub (Gaultheria Shallon) of Northwest America; also, its fruit. See Salal-berry.

SHALLOON Shal*loon", n. Etym: [F. chalon, from Châlons, in France, where it was first made.]

Defn: A thin, loosely woven, twilled worsted stuff.
In blue shalloon shall Hannibal be clad. Swift.

SHALLOP
Shal"lop, n. Etym: [F. chaloupe, probably from D. sloep. Cf. Sloop.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A boat.
[She] thrust the shallop from the floating strand. Spenser.

Note: The term shallop is applied to boats of all sizes, from a light canoe up to a large boat with masts and sails.

SHALLOT
Shal*lot", n. Etym: [OF. eschalote (for escalone), F. échalote. See
Scallion, and cf. Eschalot.] (Bot.)

Defn: A small kind of onion (Allium Ascalonicum) growing in clusters, and ready for gathering in spring; a scallion, or eschalot.

SHALLOW Shal"low, a. [Compar. Shallower; superl. Shallowest.] Etym: [OE. schalowe, probably originally, sloping or shelving; cf. Icel. skjalgr wry, squinting, AS. sceolh, D. & G. scheel, OHG. schelah. Cf. Shelve to slope, Shoal shallow.]

1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal. "Shallow brooks, and rivers wide." Milton.

2. Not deep in tone. [R.] The sound perfecter and not so shallow and jarring. Bacon.

3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply; simple; not wise or knowing; ignorant; superficial; as, a shallow mind; shallow learning. The king was neither so shallow, nor so ill advertised, as not to perceive the intention of the French king. Bacon. Deep versed in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.

SHALLOW
Shal"low, n.

1. A place in a body of water where the water is not deep; a shoal; a
flat; a shelf.
A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of
gravel. Bacon.
Dashed on the shallows of the moving sand. Dryden.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rudd. [Prov. Eng.]

SHALLOW
Shal"low, v. t.

Defn: To make shallow. Sir T. Browne.

SHALLOW
Shal"low, v. i.

Defn: To become shallow, as water.

SHALLOW-BODIED
Shal"low-bod`ied, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having a moderate depth of hold; — said of a vessel.

SHALLOW-BRAINED
Shal"low-brained`, a.

Defn: Weak in intellect; foolish; empty-headed. South.

SHALLOW-HEARTED
Shal"low-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Incapable of deep feeling. Tennyson.

SHALLOWLY
Shal"low*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shallow manner.

SHALLOWNESS
Shal"low*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being shallow.

SHALLOW-PATED
Shal"low-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Shallow-brained.

SHALLOW-WAISTED
Shal"low-waist`ed, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having a flush deck, or with only a moderate depression amidships; — said of a vessel.

SHALM
Shalm, n.

Defn: See Shawm. [Obs.] Knolles.

SHALT
Shalt,

Defn: 2d per. sing. of Shall.

SHALY
Shal"y, a.

Defn: Resembling shale in structure.

SHAM Sham, n. Etym: [Originally the same word as shame, hence, a disgrace, a trick. See Shame, n.]

1. That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug. "A mere sham." Bp. Stillingfleet. Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison.

2. A false front, or removable ornamental covering. Pillow sham, a covering to be laid on a pillow.

SHAM
Sham, a.

Defn: False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham
fight.
They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the
Athenians. Jowett (Thucyd)

SHAM
Sham, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shamming.]

1. To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses. Fooled and shammed into a conviction. L'Estrange.

2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. [R.] We must have a care that we do not . . . sham fallacies upon the world for current reason. L'Estrange.

3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign. To sham Abram or Abraham, to feign sickness; to malinger. Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, Sham Abram, or Sham Abraham.

SHAM
Sham, v. i.

Defn: To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose. Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were such fools as they professed to be, or were only shamming. Macaulay.

SHAMA
Sha"ma, n. Etym: [Hind. shama.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A saxicoline singing bird (Kittacincla macroura) of India, noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In confinement it imitates the notes of other birds and various animals with accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are glossy black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut.

SHAMAN
Sha"man, n. Etym: [From the native name.]

Defn: A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among the Shamanists.

SHAMANIC
Sha*man"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Shamanism.

SHAMANISM
Sha"man*ism, n.

Defn: The type of religion which once prevalied among all the Ural- Altaic peoples (Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and which still survives in various parts of Northern Asia. The Shaman, or wizard priest, deals with good as well as with evil spirits, especially the good spirits of ancestors. Encyc. Brit.

SHAMANIST
Sha"man*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of Shamanism.

SHAMBLE Sham"ble, n. Etym: [OE. schamel a bench, stool, AS. scamel, sceamol, a bench, form, stool, fr. L. scamellum, dim. of scamnum a bench, stool.]

1. (Mining)

Defn: One of a succession of niches or platforms, one above another, to hold ore which is thrown successively from platform to platform, and thus raised to a higher level.

2. pl.

Defn: A place where butcher's meat is sold.
As summer flies are in the shambles. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: A place for slaughtering animals for meat.
To make a shambles of the parliament house. Shak.

SHAMBLE
Sham"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shambling.]
Etym: [Cf. OD. schampelen to slip, schampen to slip away, escape. Cf.
Scamble, Scamper.]

Defn: To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if the knees were weak; to shuffle along.

SHAMBLING
Sham"bling, a.

Defn: Characterized by an awkward, irregular pace; as, a shambling trot; shambling legs.

SHAMBLING
Sham"bling, n.

Defn: An awkward, irregular gait.

SHAME Shame, n. Etym: [OE. shame, schame, AS. scamu, sceamu; akin to OS. & OHG. scama, G. scham, Icel. skömm, shkamm, Sw. & Dan. skam, D. & G. schande, Goth. skanda shame, skaman sik to be ashamed; perhaps from a root skam meaning to cover, and akin to the root (kam) of G. hemd shirt, E. chemise. Cf. Sham.]

1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or impropriety, or of having done something which injures reputation, or of the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal. HIde, for shame, Romans, your grandsires' images, That blush at their degenerate progeny. Dryden. Have you no modesty, no maiden shame Shak.

2. Reproach incurred or suffered; dishonor; ignominy; derision;
contempt.
Ye have borne the shame of the heathen. Ezek. xxxvi. 6.
Honor and shame from no condition rise. Pope.
And every woe a tear can claim Except an erring sister's shame.
Byron.

3. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others; disgrace. O Cshame is this! Shak. Guides who are the shame of religion. Shak.

4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered; the private parts. Isa. xlvii. 3. For shame! you should be ashamed; shame on you! — To put to shame, to cause to feel shame; to humiliate; to disgrace. "Let them be driven backward and put to shame that wish me evil." Ps. xl. 14.

SHAME
Shame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shaming.]

1. To make ashamed; to excite in (a person) a comsciousness of guilt or impropriety, or of conduct derogatory to reputation; to put to shame. Were there but one righteous in the world, he would . . . shame the world, and not the world him. South.

2. To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor; to disgrace. And with foul cowardice his carcass shame. Spenser.

3. To mock at; to deride. [Obs. or R.] Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor. Ps. xiv. 6.

SHAME
Shame, v. i. Etym: [AS. scamian, sceamian. See Shame, n.]

Defn: To be ashamed; to feel shame. [R.]
I do shame To think of what a noble strain you are. Shak.

SHAMEFACED
Shame"faced`, a. Etym: [For shamefast; AS. scamf. See Shame, n., and
Fast firm.]

Defn: Easily confused or put out of countenance; diffident; bashful;
modest.
Your shamefaced virtue shunned the people's prise. Dryden.

Note: Shamefaced was once shamefast, shamefacedness was shamefastness, like steadfast and steadfastness; but the ordinary manifestations of shame being by the face, have brought it to its present orthography. Trench. — Shame"faced, adv. — Shame"faced`ness, n.

SHAMEFAST
Shame"fast, a. Etym: [AS. scamfæst.]

Defn: Modest; shamefaced.
— Shame"fast*ly, adv.
— Shame"fast*ness, n. [Archaic] See Shamefaced.
Shamefast she was in maiden shamefastness. Chaucer.
[Conscience] is a blushing shamefast spirit. Shak.
Modest apparel with shamefastness. 1 Tim. ii. 9 (Rev. Ver.).

SHAMEFUL
Shame"ful, a.

1. Bringing shame or disgrace; injurious to reputation; disgraceful. His naval preparations were not more surprising than his quick and shameful retreat. Arbuthnot.

2. Exciting the feeling of shame in others; indecent; as, a shameful picture; a shameful sight. Spenser.

Syn.
— Disgraceful; reproachful; indecent; unbecoming; degrading;
scandalous; ignominious; infamous.
— Shame"ful*ly, adv.
— Shame"ful*ness, n.

SHAMELESS
Shame"less, a. Etym: [AS. scamleás.]

1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; brazen-faced; insensible to disgrace. "Such shameless bards we have." Pope. Shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shameless. Shak.

2. Indicating want of modesty, or sensibility to disgrace; indecent; as, a shameless picture or poem.

Syn.
— Impudent; unblushing; audacious; immodest; indecent; indelicate.
— Shame"less*ly, adv.
— Shame"less*ness, n.

SHAME-PROOF
Shame"-proof`, n.

Defn: Shameless. Shak.

SHAMER
Sham"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, disgraces, or makes ashamed. Beau & Fl.

SHAMMER
Sham"mer, n.

Defn: One who shams; an impostor. Johnson.

SHAMMY
Sham"my, n. Etym: [F. chamious a chamois, shammy leather. See
Chamois.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chamois.

2. A soft, pliant leather, prepared originally from the skin of the chamois, but now made also from the skin of the sheep, goat, kid, deer, and calf. See Shamoying. [Written also chamois, shamoy, and shamois.]

SHAMOIS; SHAMOY
Sham"ois, Sham"oy, n.

Defn: See Shammy.

SHAMOYING
Sha*moy"ing, n. Etym: [See Shammy.]

Defn: A process used in preparing certain kinds of leather, which consists in frizzing the skin, and working oil into it to supply the place of the astringent (tannin, alum, or the like) ordinarily used in tanning.

SHAMPOO
Sham*poo", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shampooed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shampooing.] Etym: [Hind. champna to press, to squeeze.] [Writing
also champoo.]

1. To press or knead the whole surface of the body of (a person), and at the same time to stretch the limbs and joints, in connection with the hot bath.

2. To wash throughly and rub the head of (a person), with the fingers, using either soap, or a soapy preparation, for the more thorough cleansing.

SHAMPOO
Sham*poo", n.

Defn: The act of shampooing.

SHAMPOOER
Sham*poo"er, n.

Defn: One who shampoos.

SHAMROCK Sham"rock, n. Etym: [L. seamrog, seamar, trefoil, white clover, white honeysuckle; akin to Gael. seamrag.] (Bot.)

Defn: A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the trinity.

Note: The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel (Oxalis Acetocella); but now the name is given to the white clover (Trifolium repens), and the black medic (Medicago lupulina).

SHANDRYDAN
Shan"dry*dan, n.

Defn: A jocosely depreciative name for a vehicle. [Ireland]

SHANDYGAFF
Shan"dy*gaff (, n.

Defn: A mixture of strong beer and ginger beer. [Eng.]

SHANGHAI
Shang`hai", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shanghaied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shanghaiing.]

Defn: To intoxicate and ship (a person) as a sailor while in this condition. [Written also shanghae.] [Slang, U.S.]

SHANGHAI
Shang`hai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and tall breed of domestic fowl.

SHANK
Shank, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Chank.

SHANK Shank, n. Etym: [OE. shanke, schanke, schonke, AS. scanca, sceanca, sconca, sceonca; akin to D. schonk a bone, G. schenkel thigh, shank, schinken ham, OHG. scincha shank, Dan. & Sw. skank. sq. root161. Cf. Skink, v.]

1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin
bone; also, the whole leg.
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank.
Shak.

2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or other thing, which connects the acting part with a handle or other part, by which it is held or moved. Specifically: (a) That part of a key which is between the bow and the part which enters the wards of the lock. (b) The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between the ring and the arms. See Illustr. of Anchor. (c) That part of a hoe, rake, knife, or the like, by which it is secured to a handle. (d) A loop forming an eye to a button.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph. Gwilt.

4. (Founding)

Defn: A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.

5. (Print.)

Defn: The body of a type.

6. (Shoemaking)

Defn: The part of the sole beneath the instep connecting the broader front part with the heel.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wading bird with long legs; as, the green-legged shank, or knot; the yellow shank, or tattler; — called also shanks.

8. pl.

Defn: Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make them round. Shank painter (Naut.), a short rope or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of a vessel when it is secured for a voyage. — To ride shank's mare, to go on foot; to walk.

SHANK
Shank, v. i.

Defn: To fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the supporting footstalk; — usually followed by off. Darwin.

SHANKBEER
Shank"beer`, n.

Defn: See Schenkbeer.

SHANKED
Shanked, a.

Defn: Having a shank.

SHANKER
Shank"er, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Chancre.

SHANNY
Shan"ny, n.; pl. Shannies. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European smooth blenny (Blennius pholis). It is olive-green with irregular black spots, and without appendages on the head.

SHAN'T
Shan't.

Defn: A contraction of shall not. [Colloq.]

SHANTY
Shan"ty, a.

Defn: Jaunty; showy. [Prov. Eng.]

SHANTY Shan"ty, n.;pl. Shanties. Etym: [Said to be fr. Ir. sean old + tig. a house.]

Defn: A small, mean dwelling; a rough, slight building for temporary use; a hut.

SHANTY
Shan"ty, v. i.

Defn: To inhabit a shanty. S. H. Hammond.

SHAPABLE
Shap"a*ble, a.

1. That may be shaped.

2. Shapely. [R.] "Round and shapable." De Foe.

SHAPE Shape, v. t. [imp. Shaped; p. p. Shaped or Shapen; p. pr. & vb. n. Shaping.] Etym: [OE. shapen, schapen, AS. sceapian. The p. p. shapen is from the strong verb, AS. scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, p. p. sceapen. See Shape, n.]

1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make into a particular form; to give proper form or figure to. I was shapen in iniquity. Ps. li. 5. Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face. Prior.

2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust; to direct; as, to shape the course of a vessel. To the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Nor spead nor art avail, he shapes his course. Denham. Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acqire, And shape my foolishness to their desire. Prior.

3. To image; to conceive; to body forth. Oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not. Shak.

4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to arrange.
When shapen was all this conspiracy, From point to point. Chaucer.
Shaping machine. (Mach.) Same as Shaper.
— To shape one's self, to prepare; to make ready. [Obs.]
I will early shape me therefor. Chaucer.

SHAPE
Shape, v. i.

Defn: To suit; to be adjusted or conformable. [R.] Shak.

SHAPE Shape, n. Etym: [OE. shap, schap, AS. sceap in gesceap creation, creature, fr. the root of scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, to shape, to do, to effect; akin to OS. giskeppian, OFries. skeppa, D. scheppen, G. schaffen, OHG. scaffan, scepfen, skeffen, Icer. skapa, skepja, Dan. skabe, skaffe, Sw. skapa, skaffa, Goth. gaskapjan, and perhaps to E. shave, v. Cf. -ship.]

1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise; as, the shape of a tree; the shape of the head; an elegant shape. He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman. Shak.

2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a being. Before the gates three sat, On either side, a formidable shape. Milton.

3. A model; a pattern; a mold.

4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of thought or conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some quality. Milton.

5. Dress for disguise; guise. [Obs.] Look better on this virgin, and consider This Persian shape laid by, and she appearing In a Greekish dress. Messinger.

6. (Iron Manuf.) (a) A rolled or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a cross section different from merchant bar. (b) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it will receive when completely forged or fitted. To take shape, to assume a definite form.

SHAPELESS
Shape"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shape or regular form; wanting symmetry of
dimensions; misshapen; — opposed to Ant: shapely.
— Shape"less*ness, n.
The shapeless rock, or hanging precipice. Pope.

SHAPELINESS
Shape"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shapely.

SHAPELY
Shape"ly, a. [Compar. Shapelier; superl. Shapeliest.]

1. Well-formed; having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical. T. Warton. Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn, The spiry fir and shapely box adorn. Pope. Where the shapely column stood. Couper.

2. Fit; suitable. [Obs.] Shaply for to be an alderman. Chaucer.

SHAPER
Shap"er, n.

1. One who shapes; as, the shaper of one's fortunes. The secret of those old shapers died with them. Lowell.

2. That which shapes; a machine for giving a particular form or outline to an object. Specifically; (a) (Metal Working) A kind of planer in which the tool, instead of the work, receives a reciprocating motion, usually from a crank. (b) (Wood Working) A machine with a vertically revolving cutter projecting above a flat table top, for cutting irregular outlines, moldings, etc.

SHAPOO
Sha"poo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The oörial.

SHAPS
Shaps, n. pl. [Shortened fr. chaparajos. Cf. Chaps.]

Defn: Chaparajos. [Western U. S.]

A pair of gorgeous buckskin shaps, embroidered up the sides and adorned with innumerable ermine skins. The Century.

SHARD
Shard, n.

Defn: A plant; chard. [Obs.] Dryden.

SHARD Shard, n. Etym: [AS. sceard, properly a p. p. from the root of scearn to shear, to cut; akin to D. schaard a fragment, G. scharte a notch, Icel. skar. See Shear, and cf. Sherd.] [Written also sheard, and sherd.]

1. A piece or fragment of an earthen vessel, or a like brittle substance, as the shell of an egg or snail. Shak. The precious dish Broke into shards of beauty on the board. E. Arnold.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard wing case of a beetle.
They are his shards, and he their beetle. Shak.

3. A gap in a fence. [Obs.] Stanyhurst.

4. A boundary; a division. [Obs. & R.] Spenser.

SHARD-BORNE
Shard"-borne`, a.

Defn: Borne on shards or scaly wing cases. "The shard-borne beetle."
Shak.

SHARDED
Shard"ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having elytra, as a beetle.

SHARDY
Shard"y, a.

Defn: Having, or consisting of, shards.

SHARE Share, n. Etym: [OE. schar, AS. scear; akin to OHG. scaro, G. schar, pflugshar, and E. shear, v. See Shear.]

1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare.

2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed. Knight.

SHARE Share, n. Etym: [OE. share, AS. scearu, scaru, fr. sceran to shear, cut. See Shear, v.]

1. A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as, a small share of prudence.

2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to one, of any property or interest owned by a number; a portion among others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend. "My share of fame." Dryden.

3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into which any property or invested capital is divided; as, a ship owned in ten shares.

4. The pubes; the sharebone. [Obs.] Holland. To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned. — Share and share alike, in equal shares.

SHARE
Share, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharing.]

1. To part among two or more; to distribute in portions; to divide. Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger. Swift.

2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; as, to share a shelter with another. While avarice and rapine share the land. Milton.

3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide. [Obs.] The shared visage hangs on equal sides. Dryden.

SHARE
Share, v. i.

Defn: To have part; to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or
suffer with others.
A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share in the goods
of his father. Locke.

SHAREBEAM
Share"beam`, n.

Defn: The part of the plow to which the share is attached.

SHAREBONE
Share"bone`, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The public bone.

SHAREBROKER
Share"bro`ker, n.

Defn: A broker who deals in railway or other shares and securities.

SHAREHOLDER
Share"hold`er, n.

Defn: One who holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or property.

SHARER
Shar"er, n.

Defn: One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also, a divider; a distributer.

SHAREWORT
Share"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A composite plant (Aster Tripolium) growing along the seacoast of Europe.

SHARK Shark, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perhaps through OF. fr. carcharus a kind of dogfish, Gr. Shark, v. t.&i.); cf. Corn. scarceas.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order
Plagiostomi, found in all seas.

Note: Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark, grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in length. Most of them are harmless to man, but some are exceedingly voracious. The man-eating sharks mostly belong to the genera Carcharhinus, Carcharodon, and related genera. They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated edges, as the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, or Rondeleti) of tropical seas, and the great blue shark (Carcharhinus glaucus) of all tropical and temperate seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is the most voracious and dangerous species known. The rare man-eating shark of the United States coast (Charcarodon Atwoodi) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young, of C. carcharias. The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus), and the smaller blue shark (C. caudatus), both common species on the coast of the United States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on shellfish and bottom fishes.

2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper. [Colloq.]

3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as, to live upon the shark. [Obs.]
South. Baskin shark, Liver shark, Nurse shark, Oil shark, Sand shark,
Tiger shark, etc. See under Basking, Liver, etc. See also Dogfish,
Houndfish, Notidanian, and Tope.
— Gray shark, the sand shark.
— Hammer-headed shark. See Hammerhead.
— Port Jackson shark. See Cestraciont.
— Shark barrow, the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse.
— Shark ray. Same as Angel fish (a), under Angel.
— Thrasher shark, or Thresher shark, a large, voracious shark. See
Thrasher.
— Whale shark, a huge harmless shark (Rhinodon typicus) of the
Indian Ocean. It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very
small teeth.

SHARK Shark, v. t. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. shark, n., or perhaps related to E. shear (as hearken to hear), and originally meaning, to clip off. Cf. Shirk.]

Defn: To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. [Obs.] Shak.

SHARK
Shark, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sharked; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharking.]

1. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle. Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning. Bp. Earle.

2. To live by shifts and stratagems. Beau & Fl.

SHARKER
Shark"er, n.

Defn: One who lives by sharking.

SHARKING
Shark"ing, n.

Defn: Petty rapine; trick; also, seeking a livelihood by shifts and dishonest devices.

SHAROCK
Shar"ock, n.

Defn: An East Indian coin of the value of 12

SHARP
Sharp, a. [Compar. Sharper; superl. Sharpest.] Etym: [OE. sharp,
scharp, scarp, AS. scearp; akin to OS. skarp, LG. scharp, D. scherp,
G. scharf, Dan. & Sw. skarp, Icel. skarpr. Cf. Escarp, Scrape,
Scorpion.]

1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a nature to cut or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen. He dies upon my scimeter's sharp point. Shak.

2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or rounded; somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as, a sharp hill; sharp features.

3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting, keen, penetrating, acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid, sour, as ammonia has a sharp taste and odor; to the hearing, piercing, shrill, as a sharp sound or voice; to the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a sharp flash.

4. (Mus.) (a) High in pitch; acute; as, a sharp note or tone. (b) Raised a semitone in pitch; as, C sharp (C#), which is a half step, or semitone, higher than C. (c) So high as to be out of tune, or above true pitch; as, the tone is sharp; that instrument is sharp. Opposed in all these senses to Ant: flat.

5. Very trying to the feelings; pierching; keen; severe; painful; distressing; as, sharp pain, weather; a sharp and frosty air. Sharp misery had worn him to the bones. Shak. The morning sharp and clear. Cowper. In sharpest perils faithful proved. Keble.

6. Cutting in language or import; biting; sarcastic; cruel; harsh; rigorous; severe; as, a sharp rebuke. "That sharp look." Tennyson. To that place the sharp Athenian law Can not pursue us. Shak. Be thy words severe, Sharp as merits but the sword forbear. Dryden.

7. Of keen perception; quick to discern or distinguish; having nice discrimination; acute; penetrating; sagacious; clever; as, a sharp eye; sharp sight, hearing, or judgment. Nothing makes men sharper . . . than want. Addison. Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have never yeL. Watts.

8. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for gratification; keen; as, a sharp appetite.

9. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous. "In sharp contest of battle." Milton. A sharp assault already is begun. Dryden.

10. Keenly or unduly attentive to one's own interest; close and exact in dealing; shrewd; as, a sharp dealer; a sharp customer. The necessity of being so sharp and exacting. Swift.

11. Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty; as, sharp sand. Moxon.

12. Steep; precipitous; abrupt; as, a sharp ascent or descent; a sharp turn or curve.

13. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered in a whisper, or with the breath alone, without voice, as certain consonants, such as p, k, t, f; surd; nonvocal; aspirated.

Note: Sharp is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sharp-cornered, sharp-edged, sharp-pointed, sharp- tasted, sharp-visaged, etc. Sharp practice, the getting of an advantage, or the attempt to do so, by a tricky expedient. — To brace sharp, or To sharp up (Naut.), to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lie well up to the wind.

Syn. — Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick; sagacious; discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid; tart; pungent; acrid; severe; poignant; biting; acrimonious; sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful; afflictive; violent; harsh; fierce; ardent; fiery.

SHARP
Sharp, adv.

1. To a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply. M. Arnold. The head [of a spear] full sharp yground. Chaucer. You bite so sharp at reasons. Shak.

2. Precisely; exactly; as, we shall start at ten o'clock sharp. [Colloq.] Look sharp, attend; be alert. [Colloq.]

SHARP
Sharp, n.

1. A sharp tool or weapon. [Obs.] If butchers had but the manners to go to sharps, gentlemen would be contented with a rubber at cuffs. Collier.

2. (Mus.) (a) The character [#] used to indicate that the note before which it is placed is to be raised a half step, or semitone, in pitch. (b) A sharp tone or note. Shak.

3. A portion of a stream where the water runs very rapidly. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

4. A sewing needle having a very slender point; a needle of the most pointed of the three grades, blunts, betweens, and sharps.

5. pl.

Defn: Same as Middlings, 1.

6. An expert. [Slang]

SHARP
Sharp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sharped; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharping.]

1. To sharpen. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To raise above the proper pitch; to elevate the tone of; especially, to raise a half step, or semitone, above the natural tone.

SHARP
Sharp, v. i.

1. To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper. L'Estrange.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing above the proper pitch.

SHARP-CUT
Sharp-cut`, a.

Defn: Cut sharply or definitely, or so as to make a clear, well- defined impression, as the lines of an engraved plate, and the like; clear-cut; hence, having great distinctness; well-defined; clear.

SHARPEN
Sharp"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sarpened; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharpening.]
Etym: [See Sharp, a.]

Defn: To make sharp. Specifically: (a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper; as, to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw. (b) To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more ready or ingenious. The air . . . sharpened his visual ray To objects distant far. Milton. He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Burke.

(c) To make more eager; as, to sharpen men's desires. Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite. Shak.

(d) To make more pungent and intense; as, to sharpen a pain or disease. (e) To make biting, sarcastic, or severe. "Sharpen each word." E. Smith. (f) To render more shrill or piercing. Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon.

(g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar. (h) (Mus. ) To raise, as a sound, by means of a sharp; to apply a sharp to.

SHARPEN
Sharp"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become sharp.

SHARPER
Sharp"er, n.

Defn: A person who bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in bargains; a swinder; also, a cheating gamester. Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind. L'Estrange.

Syn.
— Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See Swindler.

SHARPIE
Sharp"ie, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A long, sharp, flat-bottomed boat, with one or two masts carrying a triangular sail. They are often called Fair Haven sharpies, after the place on the coast of Connecticut where they originated. [Local, U.S.]

SHARPLING
Sharp"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

SHARPLY
Sharp"ly, adv.

Defn: In a sharp manner,; keenly; acutely.
They are more sharply to be chastised and reformed than the rude
Irish. Spenser.
The soldiers were sharply assailed with wants. Hayward.
You contract your eye when you would see sharply. Bacon.

SHARPNESS
Sharp"ness, n. Etym: [AS. scearpness.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being sharp; keenness; acuteness.

SHARPSAW
Sharp"saw`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great titmouse; — so called from its harsh call notes.
[Prov. Eng.]

SHARP-SET
Sharp"-set`, a.

Defn: Eager in appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as, an eagle or a lion sharp-set. The town is sharp-set on new plays. Pope.

SHARPSHOOTER
Sharp"shoot`er, n.

Defn: One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good marksman.

SHARPSHOOTING
Sharp"shoot`ing, n.

Defn: A shooting with great precision and effect; hence, a keen contest of wit or argument.

SHARP-SIGHTED
Sharp"-sight`ed, a.

Defn: Having quick or acute sight; — used literally and
figuratively.
— Sharp`-sight`ed*ness, n.

SHARPTAIL Sharp"tail`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail duck. (b) The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.

SHARP-WITTED
Sharp"-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.

SHASH
Shash, n. Etym: [See Sash.]

1. The scarf of a turban. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A sash. [Obs.]

SHASTA
Shas"ta, n.

Defn: A mountain peak, etc., in California.

SHASTA DAISY
Shasta daisy.

Defn: A large-flowered garden variety of the oxeye daisy.

SHASTA FIR
Shasta fir.

Defn: A Californian fir (Abies shastensis).

SHASTA SAM
Shasta Sam. (Card Playing)

Defn: A game like California Jack, except that the pack drawn from is turned face down.

SHASTER; SHASTRA Shas"ter, Shas"tra, n. Etym: [Skr. castra an order or command, a sacred book, fr. cas to order, instruct, govern. Cf. Sastra.]

Defn: A treatise for authoritative instruction among the Hindoos; a book of institutes; especially, a treatise explaining the Vedas. [Written also sastra.]

SHATHMONT
Shath"mont (, n.

Defn: A shaftment. [Scot.]

SHATTER Shat"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shattering.] Etym: [OE. schateren, scateren, to scatter, to dash, AS. scateran; cf. D. schateren to crack, to make a great noise, OD. schetteren to scatter, to burst, to crack. Cf. Scatter.]

1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by lightning. A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided amongst revolted subjects. Locke.

2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as, to be shattered in intellect; his constitution was shattered; his hopes were shattered. A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor. Norris.

3. To scatter about. [Obs.] Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Milton.

SHATTER
Shat"ter, v. i.

Defn: To be broken into fragments; to fal Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.

SHATTER
Shat"ter, n.

Defn: A fragment of anything shattered; — used chiefly or soley in the phrase into shatters; as, to break a glass into shatters. Swift.

SHATTER-BRAINED; SHATTER-PATED
Shat"ter-brained`, Shat"ter-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless; wild. J.
Goodman.

SHATTERY
Shat"ter*y, a.

Defn: Easily breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture; brittle; as, shattery spar.

SHAVE
Shave,

Defn: obs. p. p. of Shave. Chaucer.
His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can. Chaucer.

SHAVE Shave, v. t. [imp. Shaved;p. p. Shaved or Shaven (; p. pr. & vb. n. Shaving.] Etym: [OE. shaven, schaven, AS. scafan, sceafan; akin to D. schaven, G. schaben, Icel. skafa, Sw. skafva, Dan. skave, Goth. scaban, Russ. kopate to dig, Gr. scabere to scratch, to scrape. Cf. Scab, Shaft, Shape.]

1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to shave the beard.

2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of; as, to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself. I'll shave your crown for this. Shak. The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of the waving green. Gay.

3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices. Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root. Bacon.

4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing. Now shaves with level wing the deep. Milton.

5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.] To shave a note, to buy it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]

SHAVE
Shave, v. i.

Defn: To use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.

SHAVE Shave, n. Etym: [AS. scafa, sceafa, a sort of knife. See Shave, v. t.]

1. A thin slice; a shaving. Wright.

2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving.

3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.] N. Biddle.

4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.

5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as, the bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.] Shave grass (Bot.), the scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum. — Shave hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharp- edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.

SHAVELING
Shave"ling, n.

Defn: A man shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; — used in
contempt.
I am no longer a shaveling than while my frock is on my back. Sir W.
Scott.

SHAVER
Shav"er, n.

1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.

2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. Swift.

3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer. By these shavers the Turks were stripped. Knolles.

4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] "These unlucky little shavers." Salmagundi. As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase in the name of the king. Dickens.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A tool or machine for shaving. A note shaver, a person who buys notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]

SHAVING
Shav"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off the beard with a razor.

2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. "Shaving of silver." Chaucer. Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the face preparatory to shaving it.

SHAW
Shaw, n. Etym: [OE. schawe, scha, thicket, grove, AS. scaga; akin to
Dan. skov, Sw. skog, Icel. sk.]

1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
Burns.
Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw. Chaucer.
The green shaws, the merry green woods. Howitt.

2. pl.

Defn: The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

SHAWFOWL
Shaw"fowl`, n. Etym: [Scot. schaw, shaw, show + fowl.]

Defn: The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at. Johnson.

SHAWL
Shawl, n. Etym: [Per. & Hind. shal: cf. F. châle.]

Defn: A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. — Shawl goat (Zoöl.), the Cashmere goat.

SHAWL
Shawl, v. t.

Defn: To wrap in a shawl. Thackeray.

SHAWM Shawm, n. Etym: [OE. shalmie, OF. chalemie; cf. F. chalumeau shawm, chaume haulm, stalk; all fr. L. calamus a reed, reed pipe. See Haulm, and cf. Calumet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have
resembled either the clarinet or the hautboy in form. [Written also
shalm, shaum.] Otway.
Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute. Drayton.

SHAWNEES
Shaw`nees", n. pl.; sing. Shawnee (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of North American Indians who occupied Western New York and part of Ohio, but were driven away and widely dispersed by the Iroquois.

SHAY
Shay, n.

Defn: A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

SHE She, pron. [sing. nom. She; poss. Her. ( or Hers (; obj. Her; pl. nom. They; poss. Their or Theirs (; obj. Them.] Etym: [OE. she, sche, scheo, scho, AS. seó, fem. of the definite article, originally a demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. siu, D. zij, G. sie, OHG. siu, si, si, Icel. su, sja, Goth. si she, so, fem. article, Russ. siia, fem., this, Gr. sa, sya. The possessive her or hers, and the objective her, are from a different root. See Her.]

1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of. She loved her children best in every wise. Chaucer. Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. 15.

2. A woman; a female; — used substantively. [R.] Lady, you are the cruelest she alive. Shak.

Note: She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as, a she-bear; a she- cat.

SHEADING
Shead"ing, n. Etym: [From AS. scadan, sceádan, to separate, divide.
See Shed, v. t.]

Defn: A tithing, or division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a coroner, or chief constable. The island is divided into six sheadings.

SHEAF
Sheaf, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A sheave. [R.]

SHEAF Sheaf, n.; pl. Sheaves. Etym: [OE. sheef, shef, schef, AS. sceáf; akin to D. schoof, OHG. scoub, G. schaub, Icel. skauf a fox's brush, and E. shove. See Shove.]

1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw. The reaper fills his greedy hands, And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. Dryden.

2. Any collection of things bound together; a bundle; specifically, a bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a quiver, or the allowance of each archer, — usually twenty-four. The sheaf of arrows shook and rattled in the case. Dryden.

SHEAF
Sheaf, v. t.

Defn: To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to sheaf wheat.

SHEAF
Sheaf, v. i.

Defn: To collect and bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.
They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak.

SHEAFY
Sheaf"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves; resembling a sheaf.

SHEAL
Sheal, n.

Defn: Same as Sheeling. [Scot.]

SHEAL
Sheal, v. t.

Defn: To put under a sheal or shelter. [Scot.]

SHEAL
Sheal, v. t. Etym: [See Shell.]

Defn: To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of its contents, as a husk or a pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Jamieson. That's a shealed peascod. Shak.

SHEAL
Sheal, n.

Defn: A shell or pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHEALING
Sheal"ing, n.

Defn: The outer husk, pod, or shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal; shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

SHEALING
Sheal"ing, n.

Defn: Same as Sheeling. [Scot.]

SHEAR Shear, v. t. [imp. Sheared or Shore (;p. p. Sheared or Shorn (; p. pr. & vb. n. Shearing.] Etym: [OE. sheren, scheren, to shear, cut, shave, AS. sceran, scieran, scyran; akin to D. & G. scheren, Icel. skera, Dan. ski, Gr. Jeer, Score, Shard, Share, Sheer to turn aside.]

1. To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth.

Note: It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from sheep or their skins, and the nap from cloth.

2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece. Before the golden tresses . . . were shorn away. Shak.

3. To reap, as grain. [Scot.] Jamieson.

4. Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.

SHEAR
Shear, n. Etym: [AS. sceara. See Shear, v. t.]

1. A pair of shears; — now always used in the plural, but formerly also in the singular. See Shears. On his head came razor none, nor shear. Chaucer. Short of the wool, and naked from the shear. Dryden.

2. A shearing; — used in designating the age of sheep. After the second shearing, he is a two-sher ram; . . . at the expiration of another year, he is a three-shear ram; the name always taking its date from the time of shearing. Youatt.

3. (Engin.)

Defn: An action, resulting from applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact; — also called shearing stress, and tangential stress.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction, an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an unchanged magnitude in the third direction. Shear blade, one of the blades of shears or a shearing machine. — Shear hulk. See under Hulk. — Shear steel, a steel suitable for shears, scythes, and other cutting instruments, prepared from fagots of blistered steel by repeated heating, rolling, and tilting, to increase its malleability and fineness of texture.

SHEAR
Shear, v. i.

1. To deviate. See Sheer.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: To become more or less completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.

SHEARBILL
Shear"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The black skimmer. See Skimmer.

SHEARD
Sheard, n.

Defn: See Shard. [Obs.]

SHEARER
Shear"er, n.

1. One who shears. Like a lamb dumb before his shearer. Acts viii. 32.

2. A reaper. [Scot.] Jamieson.

SHEARING
Shear"ing, n.

1. The act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine, as the wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.

2. The product of the act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine; as, the whole shearing of a flock; the shearings from cloth.

3. Same as Shearling. Youatt.

4. The act or operation of reaping. [Scot.]

5. The act or operation of dividing with shears; as, the shearing of metal plates.

6. The process of preparing shear steel; tilting.

7. (Mining)

Defn: The process of making a vertical side cutting in working into a face of coal. Shearing machine. (a) A machine with blades, or rotary disks, for dividing plates or bars of metal. (b) A machine for shearing cloth.

SHEARLING
Shear"ling, n.

Defn: A sheep but once sheared.

SHEARMAN
Shear"man, n.; pl. Shearmen (.

Defn: One whose occupation is to shear cloth.

SHEARN
Shearn, n. Etym: [AS. scearn. Cf. Scarn.]

Defn: Dung; excrement. [Obs.] [Written also shern.] Holland.

SHEARS Shears, n. pl. Etym: [Formerly used also in the singular. See Shear, n.,1.]

1. A cutting instrument. Specifically: (a) An instrument consisting of two blades, commonly with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, and working on both sides of the material to be cut, — used for cutting cloth and other substances. Fate urged the shears, and cut the sylph in twain. Pope.

(b) A similar instrument the blades of which are extensions of a curved spring, — used for shearing sheep or skins. (c) A shearing machine; a blade, or a set of blades, working against a resisting edge.

2. Anything in the form of shears. Specifically: (a) A pair of wings. [Obs.] Spenser. (b) An apparatus for raising heavy weights, and especially for stepping and unstepping the lower masts of ships. It consists of two or more spars or pieces of timber, fastened together near the top, steadied by a guy or guys, and furnished with the necessary tackle. [Written also sheers.]

3. (Mach.)

Defn: The bedpiece of a machine tool, upon which a table or slide rest is secured; as, the shears of a lathe or planer. See Illust. under Lathe. Rotary shears. See under Rotary.

SHEAR STEEL
Shear steel.

Defn: See under Shear.

SHEARTAIL Shear"tail`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The common tern. (b) Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus Thaumastura having a long forked tail.

SHEARWATER
Shear"wa`ter, n. Etym: [Shear + water; cf. G. wassersherer; — so
called from its running lightly along the surface of the water.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of the genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater (P. Anglorum), the dusky shearwater (P. obscurus), and the greater shearwater (P. major), are well-known species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon.

SHEATFISH
Sheat"fish`, n. Etym: [Cf. dial. G. scheid, schaid, schaiden.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A European siluroid fish (Silurus glanis) allied to the cat- fishes. It is the largest fresh-water fish of Europe, sometimes becoming six feet or more in length. See Siluroid.

SHEATH Sheath, n. Etym: [OE. schethe, AS. scæedh, sceáedh, sceedh; akin to OS. skeedhia, D. scheede, G. scheide, OHG. sceida, Sw. skida, Dan. skede, Icel. skeiedhir, pl., and to E. shed, v.t., originally meaning, to separate, to part. See Shed.]

1. A case for the reception of a sword, hunting knife, or other long and slender instrument; a scabbard. The dead knight's sword out of his sheath he drew. Spenser.

2. Any sheathlike covering, organ, or part. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The base of a leaf when sheathing or investing a stem or branch, as in grasses. (b) (Zoöl.) One of the elytra of an insect. Medullary sheath. (Anat.) See under Medullary. — Primitive sheath. (Anat.) See Neurilemma. — Sheath knife, a knife with a fixed blade, carried in a sheath. — Sheath of Schwann. (Anat.) See Schwann's sheath.

SHEATHBILL
Sheath"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Either one of two species of birds composing the genus Chionis, and family Chionidæ, native of the islands of the Antarctic.seas.

Note: They are related to the gulls and the plovers, but more nearly to the latter. The base of the bill is covered with a saddle-shaped horny sheath, and the toes are only slightly webbed. The plumage of both species is white.

SHEATHE
Sheathe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheathed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheating.]
Etym: [Written also sheath.]

1. To put into a sheath, case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with, or as with, a sheath or case. The leopard . . . keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes. Grew. 'T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now. Dryden.

2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath. Shak.

3. To case or cover with something which protects, as thin boards, sheets of metal, and the like; as, to sheathe a ship with copper.

4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances, or sharp particles. [R.] Arbuthnot. To sheathe the sword, to make peace.

SHEATHED
Sheathed, a.

1. Povided with, or inclosed in, sheath.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Invested by a sheath, or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses; vaginate.

SHEATHER
Sheath"er, n.

Defn: One who sheathes.

SHEATHFISH
Sheath"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sheatfish.

SHEATHING
Sheath"ing, p. pr. & a.

Defn: from Sheathe. Inclosing with a sheath; as, the sheathing leaves of grasses; the sheathing stipules of many polygonaceous plants.

SHEATHING
Sheath"ing, n.

Defn: That which sheathes. Specifically: (a) The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; the materials for such covering; as, copper sheathing. (b) (Arch.) The first covering of boards on the outside wall of a frame house or on a timber roof; also, the material used for covering; ceiling boards in general.

SHEATHLESS
Sheath"less, a.

Defn: Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.

SHEATH-WINGED
Sheath"-winged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having elytra, or wing cases, as a beetle.

SHEATHY
Sheath"y, a.

Defn: Forming or resembling a sheath or case. Sir T. Browne.

SHEA TREE
She"a tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: An African sapotaceous tree (Bassia, or Butyrospermum, Parkii), from the seeds of which a substance resembling butter is obtained; the African butter tree.

SHEAVE Sheave, n. Etym: [Akin to OD. schijve orb, disk, wheel, D. schiff, G. scheibe, Icel. skifa a shaving, slice; cf. Gr. Shift, v., Shive.]

Defn: A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or the like; the wheel of a pulley. Sheave hole, a channel cut in a mast, yard, rail, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.

SHEAVE
Sheave, v. t. Etym: [See Sheaf of straw.]

Defn: To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves; hence, to collect.
Ashmole.

SHEAVED
Sheaved, a.

Defn: Made of straw. [Obs.] Shak.

SHEBANDER
Sheb"an*der, n. Etym: [Per. shahbandar.]

Defn: A harbor master, or ruler of a port, in the East Indies.
[Written also shebunder.]

SHEBANG
She*bang", n. Etym: [Cf. Shebeen.]

Defn: A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop.
[Slang,U.S.]

SHEBEEN
She*been", n. Etym: [Of Irish origin; cf. Ir. seapa a shop.]

Defn: A low public house; especially, a place where spirits and other excisable liquors are illegally and privately sold. [Ireland]

SHECHINAH
She*chi"nah, n.

Defn: See Shekinah.

SHECKLATON
Sheck"la*ton, n. Etym: [Cf. Ciclatoun.]

Defn: A kind of gilt leather. See Checklaton. [Obs.] Spenser.

SHED
Shed, n. Etym: [The same word as shade. See Shade.]

Defn: A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut; as, a wagon shed; a wood shed. The first Aletes born in lowly shed. Fairfax. Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. Sandys.

SHED Shed, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shed; p. pr. & vb. n. Shedding.] Etym: [OE. scheden, sch, to pour, to part, AS. scadan, sceádan, to pert, to separate; akin to OS. sk, OFries. skscheiden, OHG. sceidan, Goth. skaidan, and probably to Lith. skëdu I part, separate, L. scindere to cleave, to split, Gr. chid, and perch. also to L. caedere to cut. sq. root159. Cf. Chisel, Concise, Schism, Sheading, Sheath, Shide.]

1. To separate; to divide. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] Robert of Brunne.

2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self; to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to pour forth or out; to spill; as, the sun sheds light; she shed tears; the clouds shed rain. Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood Shak. Twice seven consenting years have shed Their utmost bounty on thy head. Wordsworth.

3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering of hair, feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed their feathers; serpents shed their skins; trees shed leaves.

4. To cause to flow off without penetrating; as, a tight roof, or covering of oiled cloth, sheeds water.

5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. [R.] "Her hair . . . is shed with gray." B. Jonson.

6. (Weaving)

Defn: To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.

SHED
Shed, v. i.

1. To fall in drops; to pour. [Obs.] Such a rain down from the welkin shadde. Chaucer.

2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a covering
or envelope.
White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand.
Mortimer.

SHED
Shed, n.

1. A parting; a separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.] They say also that the manner of making the shed of newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a javelin came up then likewise. Sir T. North.

2. The act of shedding or spilling; — used only in composition, as in bloodshed.

3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; — used in composition, as in watershed.

4. (Weaving)

Defn: The passageway between the threads of the warp through which the shuttle is thrown, having a sloping top and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate threads.

SHEDDER
Shed"der, n.

1. One who, or that which, sheds; as, a shedder of blood; a shedder of tears.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crab in the act of casting its shell, or immediately afterwards while still soft; — applied especially to the edible crabs, which are most prized while in this state.

SHEDDING
Shed"ding, n.

1. The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out; as, the shedding of blood.

2. That which is shed, or cast off. [R.] Wordsworth.

SHEELFA; SHILFA
Sheel"fa, Shil"fa, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chaffinch; — so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.]

SHEELING Sheel"ing, n. Etym: [Icel. skj a shelter, a cover; akin to Dan. & Sw. skjul.]

Defn: A hut or small cottage in an expessed or a retired place (as on a mountain or at the seaside) such as is used by shepherds, fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a summer cottage; also, a shed. [Written also sheel, shealing, sheiling, etc.] [Scot.]

SHEELY
Sheel"y, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Sheelfa.

SHEEN Sheen, a. Etym: [OE. sehene, AS. sciéne, sc, sc, splendid, beautiful; akin to OFries. sk, sk, OS. sc, D. schoon, G. schön, OHG. sc, Goth, skanus, and E. shew; the original meaning being probably, visible, worth seeing. It is not akin to E. shine. See Shew, v. t.]

Defn: Bright; glittering; radiant; fair; showy; sheeny. [R., except
in poetry.]
This holy maiden, that is so bright and sheen. Chaucer.
Up rose each warrier bold and brave, Glistening in filed steel and
armor sheen. Fairfax.

SHEEN
Sheen, v. i.

Defn: To shine; to glisten. [Poetic]
This town, That, sheening far, celestial seems to be. Byron.

SHEEN
Sheen, n.

Defn: Brightness; splendor; glitter. "Throned in celestial sheen."
Milton.

SHEENLY
Sheen""ly, adv.

Defn: Brightly. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

SHEENY
Sheen"y, a.

Defn: Bright; shining; radiant; sheen. "A sheeny summer morn."
Tennyson.

SHEEP
Sheep, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [OE. shep, scheep, AS. sc, sceáp; akin to
OFries. sk, LG. & D. schaap, G. schaf, OHG. scaf, Skr. chaga. sq.
root295. Cf. Sheepherd.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus Ovis, native of the higher mountains of both hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia.

Note: The domestic sheep (Ovis aries) varies much in size, in the length and texture of its wool, the form and size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was domesticated in prehistoric ages, and many distinct breeds have been produced; as the merinos, celebrated for their fine wool; the Cretan sheep, noted for their long horns; the fat-tailed, or Turkish, sheep, remarkable for the size and fatness of the tail, which often has to be supported on trucks; the Southdowns, in which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed which always has four horns.

2. A weak, bashful, silly fellow. Ainsworth.

3. pl.

Defn: Fig.: The people of God, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd. Rocky mountain sheep.(Zoöl.) See Bighorn. — Maned sheep. (Zoöl.) See Aoudad. — Sheep bot (Zoöl.), the larva of the sheep botfly. See Estrus. — Sheep dog (Zoöl.), a shepherd dog, or collie. — Sheep laurel (Bot.), a small North American shrub (Kalmia angustifolia) with deep rose-colored flowers in corymbs. — Sheep pest (Bot.), an Australian plant (Acæna ovina) related to the burnet. The fruit is covered with barbed spines, by which it adheres to the wool of sheep. — Sheep run, an extensive tract of country where sheep range and graze. — Sheep's beard (Bot.), a cichoraceous herb (Urospermum Dalechampii) of Southern Europe; — so called from the conspicuous pappus of the achenes. — Sheep's bit (Bot.), a European herb (Jasione montana) having much the appearance of scabious. — Sheep pox (Med.), a contagious disease of sheep, characterixed by the development of vesicles or pocks upon the skin. — Sheep scabious. (Bot.) Same as Sheep's bit. — Sheep shears, shears in which the blades form the two ends of a steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as often as pressed together by the hand in cutting; — so called because used to cut off the wool of sheep. — Sheep sorrel. (Bot.), a prerennial herb (Rumex Acetosella) growing naturally on poor, dry, gravelly soil. Its leaves have a pleasant acid taste like sorrel. — Sheep's-wool (Zoöl.), the highest grade of Florida commercial sponges (Spongia equina, variety gossypina). — Sheep tick (Zoöl.), a wingless parasitic insect (Melophagus ovinus) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes its proboscis in the skin of the sheep and sucks the blood, leaving a swelling. Called also sheep pest, and sheep louse. — Sheep walk, a pasture for sheep; a sheep run. — Wild sheep. (Zoöl.) See Argali, Mouflon, and Oörial.

SHEEPBACK
Sheep"back`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A rounded knoll of rock resembling the back of a sheep. — produced by glacial action. Called also roche moutonnée; — usually in the plural.

SHEEPBERRY
Sheep"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a small North American tree of the genus Viburnum (V. Lentago), having white flowers in flat cymes; also, the tree itself. Called also nannyberry.

SHEEPBITE
Sheep"bite`, v. i.

Defn: To bite or nibble like a sheep; hence, to practice petty thefts. [Obs.] Shak.

SHEEPBITER
Sheep"bit`er, n.

Defn: One who practices petty thefts. [Obs.] Shak. There are political sheepbiters as well as pastoral; betrayers of public trusts as well as of private. L'Estrange.

SHEEPCOT; SHEEPCOTE
Sheep"cot`, Sheep"cote`, n.

Defn: A small inclosure for sheep; a pen; a fold.

SHEEP-FACED
Sheep"-faced`, a.

Defn: Over-bashful; sheepish.

SHEEPFOLD
Sheep"fold`, n.

Defn: A fold or pen for sheep; a place where sheep are collected or confined.

SHEEP-HEADED
Sheep"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Silly; simple-minded; stupid. Taylor (1630)

SHEEPHOOK
Sheep"hook`, n.

Defn: A hook fastened to pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the legs or necks of their sheep; a shepherd's crook. Dryden.

SHEEPISH
Sheep"ish, a.

1. Of or pertaining to sheep. [Obs.]

2. Like a sheep; bashful; over-modest; meanly or foolishly diffident; timorous to excess. Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes abroad, be a sheepish or conceited creature. Locke. — Sheep"ish*ly, adv. — Sheep"ish*ness, n.

SHEEPMASTER
Sheep"mas`ter, n.

Defn: A keeper or feeder of sheep; also, an owner of sheep. 2 Kings iii. 4.

SHEEPRACK
Sheep"rack`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The starling.

SHEEP'S-EYE
Sheep's"-eye`, n.

Defn: A modest, diffident look; a loving glance; — commonly in the
plural.
I saw her just now give him the languishing eye, as they call it; . .
. of old called the sheep's-eye. Wycherley.

SHEEP'S-FOOT
Sheep's-foot`, n.

Defn: A printer's tool consisting of a metal bar formed into a hammer head at one end and a claw at the other, — used as a lever and hammer.

SHEEPSHANK
Sheep"shank`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A hitch by which a rope may be temporarily shortened.

SHEEPSHEAD Sheeps"head` (, n. Etym: [So called because of the fancied resemblance of its head and front teeth to those of a sheep.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large and valuable sparoid food fish (Archosargus, or
Diplodus, probatocephalus) found on the Atlantic coast of the United
States. It often weighs from ten to twelve pounds.

Note: The name is also locally, in a loose way, applied to various other fishes, as the butterfish, the fresh-water drumfish, the parrot fish, the porgy, and the moonfish.

SHEEP-SHEARER
Sheep"-shear`er, n.

Defn: One who shears, or cuts off the wool from, sheep.

SHEEP-SHEARING
Sheep"-shear`ing, n.

1. Act of shearing sheep.

2. A feast at the time of sheep-shearing. Shak.

SHEEPSKIN
Sheep"skin`, n.

1. The skin of a sheep; or, leather prepared from it.

2. A diploma; — so called because usually written or printed on parchment prepared from the skin of the sheep. [College Cant]

SHEEPSPLIT
Sheep"split`, n.

Defn: A split of a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by splitting a sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.

SHEEPY
Sheep"y, a.

Defn: Resembling sheep; sheepish. Testament of Love.

SHEER
Sheer, a. Etym: [OE. shere, skere, pure, bright, Icel. sk; akin to
skirr, AS. scir, OS. skiri, MHG. schir, G. schier, Dan. sk, Sw. skär,
Goth. skeirs clear, and E. shine. sq. root157. See Shine, v. i.]

1. Bright; clear; pure; unmixed. "Sheer ale." Shak. Thou sheer, immaculate, and silver fountain. Shak.

2. Very thin or transparent; — applied to fabrics; as, sheer muslin.

3. Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple; mere; downright; as, sheer folly; sheer nonsense. "A sheer impossibility." De Quincey. It is not a sheer advantage to have several strings to one's bow. M. Arnold.

4. Stright up and down; vertical; prpendicular. A sheer precipice of a thousand feet. J. D. Hooker. It was at least Nine roods of sheer ascent. Wordsworth.

SHEER
Sheer, adv.

Defn: Clean; quite; at once. [Obs.] Milton.

SHEER
Sheer, v. t. Etym: [See Shear.]

Defn: To shear. [Obs.] Dryden.

SHEER
Sheer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sheered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheering.] Etym:
[D. sheren to shear, cut, withdraw, warp. See Shear.]

Defn: To decline or deviate from the line of the proper course; to turn aside; to swerve; as, a ship sheers from her course; a horse sheers at a bicycle. To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance; to move away. — To sheer up, to approach obliquely.

SHEER
Sheer, n.

1. (Naut.) (a) The longitudinal upward curvature of the deck, gunwale, and lines of a vessel, as when viewed from the side. (b) The position of a vessel riding at single anchor and swinging clear of it.

2. A turn or change in a course. Give the canoe a sheer and get nearer to the shore. Cooper.

3. pl.

Defn: Shears See Shear. Sheer batten (Shipbuilding), a long strip of wood to guide the carpenters in following the sheer plan. — Sheer boom, a boom slanting across a stream to direct floating logs to one side. — Sheer hulk. See Shear hulk, under Hulk. — Sheer plan, or Sheer draught (Shipbuilding), a projection of the lines of a vessel on a vertical longitudinal plane passing through the middle line of the vessel. — Sheer pole (Naut.), an iron rod lashed to the shrouds just above the dead-eyes and parallel to the ratlines. — Sheer strake (Shipbuilding), the strake under the gunwale on the top side. Totten. — To break sheer (Naut.), to deviate from sheer, and risk fouling the anchor.

SHEERLY
Sheer"ly, adv.

Defn: At once; absolutely. [Obs.]

SHEERWATER
Sheer"wa`ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shearwater.

SHEET Sheet, n. Etym: [OE. shete, schete, AS. sc, sc, fr. sceát a projecting corner, a fold in a garment (akin to D. schoot sheet, bosom, lap, G. schoss bosom, lap, flap of a coat, Icel. skaut, Goth. skauts the hem of a garment); originally, that which shoots out, from the root of AS. sceótan to shoot. sq. root159. See Shoot, v. t.]

Defn: In general, a large, broad piece of anything thin, as paper, cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of any substance; an expanded superficies. Specifically: (a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or cotton, used for wrapping the body or for a covering; especially, one used as an article of bedding next to the body. He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners. Acts x. 10, 11. If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me In one of those same sheets. Shak.

(b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or unfolded, whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a letter; a newspaper, etc. (c) A single signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl., the book itself. To this the following sheets are intended for a full and distinct answer. Waterland.

(d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or other substance; as, a sheet of copper, of glass, or the like; a plate; a leaf. (e) A broad expanse of water, or the like. "The two beautiful sheets of water." Macaulay. (f) A sail. Dryden. (g) (Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata.

2. Etym: [AS. sceáta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.) (a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in relation in relation to the wind; — usually attached to the lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom. (b) pl.

Defn: The space in the forward or the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; as, fore sheets; stern sheets.

Note: Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves; as, sheet brass, or sheet-brass; sheet glass, or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron, or sheet-iron, etc. A sheet in the wind, half drunk. [Sailors' Slang] — Both sheets in the wind, very drunk. [Sailors' Slang] — In sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded but not bound; — said especially of printed sheets. — Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an eye. — Sheet lightning, Sheet piling, etc. See under Lightning, Piling, etc.

SHEET
Sheet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheeting.]

1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. "The sheeted dead." "When snow the pasture sheets." Shak.

2. To expand, as a sheet. The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted sky. J. R. Drake. To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.

SHEET ANCHOR Sheet" an"chor. Etym: [OE. scheten to shoot, AS. sceótan; cf. OE. shoot anchor. See Shoot, v. t.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A large anchor stowed on shores outside the waist of a vessel; — called also waist anchor. See the Note under Anchor.

2. Anything regarded as a sure support or dependence in danger; the best hope or refuge.

SHEET CABLE
Sheet" ca"ble. (Naut.)

Defn: The cable belonging to the sheet anchor.

SHEET CHAIN
Sheet" chain". (Naut.)

Defn: A chain sheet cable.

SHEETFUL
Sheet"ful, n.; pl. Sheetfuls (.

Defn: Enough to fill a sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.

SHEETING
Sheet"ing, n.

1. Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of double width.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: A lining of planks or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting an embankment.

3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or flat pieces; also, material made into sheets.

SHEIK Sheik, n. Etym: [Ar. sheikh, shaykh, a venerable old man, a chief, fr. shakha to grow or be old.]

Defn: The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also, the chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also applied to Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade. [Written also scheik, shaik, sheikh.]

SHEIL; SHEILING
Sheil, Sheil"ing, n.

Defn: See Sheeling.

SHEKEL
Shek"el, n. Etym: [Heb. shegel, fr. shagal to weigh.]

1. An ancient weight and coin used by the Jews and by other nations of the same stock.

Note: A common estimate makes the shekel equal in weight to about 130 grains for gold, 224 grains for silver, and 450 grains for copper, and the approximate values of the coins are (gold) $5.00, (silver) 60 cents, and (copper half shekel), one and one half cents.

2. pl.

Defn: A jocose term for money.

SHEKINAH
She*ki"nah, n. Etym: [Heb Talmud shekinah, fr. shakan to inhabit.]

Defn: The visible majesty of the Divine Presence, especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercy seat, in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; — a term used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by Christians. [Written also Shechinah.] Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)

SHELD Sheld, a. Etym: [OE., fr. sheld a shield, probably in allusion to the ornamentation of shields. See Shield.]

Defn: Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald. [Prov. Eng.]

SHELDAFLE; SHELDAPLE
Sheld"a*fle, Sheld"a*ple, n. Etym: [Perhaps for sheld dapple. Cf.
Sheldrake.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chaffinch. [Written also sheldapple, and shellapple.]

SHELDFOWL
Sheld"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common sheldrake. [Prov. Eng.]

SHELDRAKE
Shel"drake`, n. Etym: [Sheld + drake.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large Old World ducks of the genus Tadorna and allied genera, especially the European and Asiatic species. (T. cornuta, or tadorna), which somewhat resembles a goose in form and habit, but breeds in burrows.

Note: It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast, sides, and forward part of the back brown, the shoulders and middle of belly black, the speculum green, and the bill and frontal bright red. Called also shelduck, shellduck, sheldfowl, skeelduck, bergander, burrow duck, and links goose.

Note: The Australian sheldrake (Tadorna radja) has the head, neck, breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the upper part of the back and a band on the breast deep chestnut, and the back and tail black. The chestnut sheldrake of Australia (Casarca tadornoides) is varied with black and chestnut, and has a dark green head and neck. The ruddy sheldrake, or Braminy duck (C. rutila), and the white-winged sheldrake (C. leucoptera), are related Asiatic species.

2. Any one of the American mergansers.

Note: The name is also loosely applied to other ducks, as the canvasback, and the shoveler.

SHELDUCK
Shel"duck`, n. Etym: [Sheld variegated + duck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sheldrake. [Written also shellduck.]

SHELF Shelf, n.; pl. Shelves. Etym: [OE. shelfe, schelfe, AS. scylfe; akin to G. schelfe, Icel. skjalf. In senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different word (cf. Shelve, v. i.).]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or ornament.

2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships. On the tawny sands and shelves. Milton. On the secret shelves with fury cast. Dryden.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A stratum lying in a very even manner; a flat, projecting layer of rock.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of timber running the whole length of a vessel inside the timberheads. D. Kemp. To lay on the shelf, to lay aside as unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.

SHELFY
Shelf"y, a.

1. Abounding in shelves; full of dangerous shallows. "A shelfy coast." Dryden.

2. Full of strata of rock. [Obs.] The tillable fields are in some places . . . so shelfy that the corn hath much ado to fasten its root. Carew.

SHELL Shell, n. Etym: [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. Scale of fishes, Shale, Skill.]

1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as, a hazelnut shell. (b) A pod. (c) The hard covering of an egg. Think him as a serpent's egg, . . . And kill him in the shell. Shak. (d) (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. Also, the hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the like. (e) (Zoöl.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments scattered. See Bomb.

3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms.

4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in; as, the shell of a house.

5. A coarse kind of coffin; also, a thin interior coffin inclosed in a more substantial one. Knight.

6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, — the first lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell. When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden.

7. An engraved copper roller used in print works.

8. pl.

Defn: The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve.

10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with
paper; as, a racing shell. Message shell, a bombshell inside of which
papers may be put, in order to convey messages.
— Shell bit, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a brace in
boring wood. See Bit, n., 3.
— Shell button. (a) A button made of shell. (b) A hollow button
made of two pieces, as of metal, one for the front and the other for
the back, — often covered with cloth, silk, etc.
— Shell cameo, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone.
— Shell flower. (Bot.) Same as Turtlehead.
— Shell gland. (Zoöl.) (a) A glandular organ in which the
rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks. (b) A glandular
organ which secretes the eggshells of various worms, crustacea,
mollusks, etc.
— Shell gun, a cannon suitable for throwing shells.
— Shell ibis (Zoöl.), the openbill of India.
— Shell jacket, an undress military jacket.
— Shell lime, lime made by burning the shells of shellfish.
— Shell marl (Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an abundance
of shells, or fragments of shells.
— Shell meat, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous mollusks.
Fuller.
— Shell mound. See under Mound.
— Shell of a boiler, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case
to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and the
furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive, boiler.
— Shell road, a road of which the surface or bed is made of shells,
as oyster shells.
— Shell sand, minute fragments of shells constituting a
considerable part of the seabeach in some places.

SHELL
Shell, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shelling.]

1. To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod, etc.; as, to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters.

2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.

3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as, to shell a town. To shell out, to distribute freely; to bring out or pay, as money. [Colloq.]

SHELL
Shell, v. i.

1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.

2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as, nuts shell in falling.

3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as, wheat or rye shells in reaping.

SHELLAC; SHELL-LAC Shel"lac`, Shell"-lac`, n. Etym: [Shell + lac a resinous substance; cf. D. shellak, G. schellack.]

Defn: See the Note under 2d Lac.

SHELLAPPLE
Shell"ap`ple, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Sheldafle.

SHELLBARK
Shell"bark`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of hickory (Carya alba) whose outer bark is loose and peeling; a shagbark; also, its nut.

SHELLED
Shelled, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a shell.

SHELLER
Shell"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shells; as, an oyster sheller; a corn sheller.

SHELLFISH
Shell"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a shell, either testaceous, as in oysters, clams, and other mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and crabs.

SHELLING
Shell"ing, n.

Defn: Groats; hulled oats. Simmonds.

SHELL-LESS
Shell"-less

Defn: , a. Having no shell. J. Burroughs.

SHELLPROOF
Shell"proof`, a.

Defn: Capable of resisting bombs or other shells; bombproof.

SHELLWORK
Shell"work`, n.

Defn: Work composed of shells, or adorned with them. Cotgrave.

SHELLY
Shell"y, a.

Defn: Abounding with shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell.
"The shelly shore." Prior.
Shrinks backward in his shelly cave. Shak.

SHELTER Shel"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. OE. scheltrun, shiltroun, schelltrome, scheldtrome, a guard, squadron, AS. scildtruma a troop of men with shields; scild shield + truma a band of men. See Shield, n.]

1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a screen. The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade. Pope.

2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender. Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me. Ps. lxi. 3.

3. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security. Who into shelter takes their tender bloom. Young. Shelter tent,a small tent made of pieces of cotton duck arranged to button together. In field service the soldiers carry the pieces.

Syn. — Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary; protection; defense; security.

SHELTER
Shel"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sheltered; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheltering.]

1. To be a shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from injury or annoyance; to shield; to protect. Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head. Dryden. You have no convents . . . in which such persons may be received and sheltered. Southey.

2. To screen or cover from notice; to disguise. In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame, Or shelter passion under friendship's name. Prior.

3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; — used reflexively. They sheltered themselves under a rock. Abp. Abbot.

SHELTER
Shel"ter, v. i.

Defn: To take shelter.
There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, Shelters in cool.
Milton.

SHELTERLESS
Shel"ter*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shelter or protection.
Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies. Rowe.

SHELTERY
Shel"ter*y, a.

Defn: Affording shelter. [R.]

SHELTIE; SHELTY
Shel"tie, Shel"ty, n.

Defn: A Shetland pony.

SHELVE
Shelve, v. t.

1. To furnish with shelves; as, to shelve a closet or a library.

2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf; to put aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely; as, to shelve an officer; to shelve a claim.

SHELVE
Shelve, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shelved; p. pr. & vb. n. Shelving.] Etym:
[Perhapss originally from the same source as shallow, but influenced
by shelf a ledge, a platform.]

Defn: To incline gradually; to be slopping; as, the bottom shelves from the shore.

SHELVING
Shelv"ing, a.

Defn: Sloping gradually; inclining; as, a shelving shore. Shak.
"Shelving arches." Addison.

SHELVING
Shelv"ing, n.

1. The act of fitting up shelves; as, the job of shelving a closet.

2. The act of laying on a shelf, or on the shelf; putting off or aside; as, the shelving of a claim.

3. Material for shelves; shelves, collectively.

SHELVY
Shelv"y, a.

Defn: Sloping gradually; shelving.
The shore was shelving and shallow. Shak.

SHEMITE
Shem"ite, n.

Defn: A descendant of Shem.

SHEMITIC; SHEMITISH
Shem*it"ic, Shem"i*tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah, or his descendants.
See Semitic.

SHEMITISM
Shem"i*tism, n.

Defn: See Semitism.

SHEND
Shend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shent; p. pr. & vb. n. Shending.] Etym:
[AS. scendan to disgrace, bring to shame, from sceand, sceond,
disgrace, dishonor, shame; akin to G. schande, Goth. skanda. See
Shame, n.]

1. To injure, mar, spoil, or harm. [Obs.] "Loss of time shendeth us." Chaucer. I fear my body will be shent. Dryden.

2. To blame, reproach, or revile; to degrade, disgrace, or put to shame. [Archaic] R. Browning. The famous name of knighthood foully shend. Spenser. She passed the rest as Cynthia doth shend The lesser stars. Spenser.

SHENDFUL
Shend"ful, a.

Defn: Destructive; ruinous; disgraceful. [Obs.] — Shend"ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.] Fabyan.

SHENDSHIP
Shend"ship, n.

Defn: Harm; ruin; also, reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHENT
Shent,

Defn: obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Shend, for shendeth. Chaucer.

SHENT
Shent, v. t.

Defn: To shend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHEOL
She"ol, n. Etym: [Heb. sh.]

Defn: The place of departed spirits; Hades; also, the grave.
For thou wilt not leave my soul to sheel. Ps. xvi. 10. (Rev. Ver.)

SHEPEN
Shep"en, n.

Defn: A stable; a shippen. [Obs.]
The shepne brenning with the blacke smoke. Chaucer.

SHEPHERD Shep"herd, n. Etym: [OE. schepherde, schephirde, AS. sceáphyrde; sceáp sheep + hyrde, hirde, heorde, a herd, a guardian. See Sheep, and Herd.]

1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep, esp. a flock grazing at large.

2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of others. Shepherd bird (Zoöl.), the crested screamer. See Screamer. — Shepherd dog (Zoöl.), a breed of dogs used largely for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog. Called also shepherd's dog. — Shepherd dog, a name of Pan. Keats. — Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a nomadic people who invaded Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after about five hundred years, and attempts have been made to connect their expulsion with narrative in the book of Exodus. — Shepherd's club (Bot.), the common mullein. See Mullein. — Shepherd's crook, a long staff having the end curved so as to form a large hook, — used by shepherds. — Shepherd's needle (Bot.), the lady's comb. — Shepherd's plaid, a kind of woolen cloth of a checkered black and white pattern. — Shephered spider (Zoöl.), a daddy longlegs, or harvestman. — Shepherd's pouch, or Shepherd's purse (Bot.), an annual cruciferous plant (Capsella Bursapastoris) bearing small white flowers and pouchlike pods. See Illust. of Silicle. — Shepherd's rod, or Shepherd's staff (Bot.), the small teasel.

SHEPHERD
Shep"herd, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shepherded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shepherding.]

Defn: To tend as a shepherd; to guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a
shepherd. [Poetic]
White, fleecy clouds . . .
Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind. Shelley.

SHEPHERDESS
Shep"herd*ess, n.

Defn: A woman who tends sheep; hence, a rural lass.
She put herself into the garb of a shepherdess. Sir P. Sidney.

SHEPHERDIA
Shep*her"di*a, n.; pl. Shepherdias. Etym: [NL. So called from John
Shepherd, an English botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs having silvery scurfy leaves, and belonging to the same family as Elæagnus; also, any plant of this genus. See Buffalo berry, under Buffalo.

SHEPHERDISH
Shep"herd*ish, n.

Defn: Resembling a shepherd; suiting a shepherd; pastoral. Sir T.
Sidney.

SHEPHERDISM
Shep"herd*ism, n.

Defn: Pastoral life or occupation.

SHEPHERDLING
Shep"herd*ling, n.

Defn: A little shepherd.

SHEPHERDLY
Shep"herd*ly, a.

Defn: Resembling, or becoming to, a shepherd; pastoral; rustic. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.

SHEPSTER
Shep"ster, n.

Defn: A seamstress. [Obs.] Caxton.

SHERARDIZE
Sher"ard*ize, v. t. [From Sherard Cowper-Coles, the inventor.]
(Metal.)

Defn: To subject to the process of vapor galvanizing (which see, below).

SHERBET
Sher"bet, n. Etym: [Ar. sherbet, shorbet, sharbat, properly, one
drink or sip, a draught, beverage, from shariba to drink. Cf. Sorbet,
Sirup, Shrub a drink.]

1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as, orange sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry sherbet, etc.

2. A flavored water ice.

3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; — called also sherbet powder.

SHERD
Sherd, n.

Defn: A fragment; — now used only in composition, as in potsherd.
See Shard.
The thigh . . . which all in sherds it drove. Chapman.

SHEREEF; SHERIF
Sher"eef, Sher"if, n. Etym: [Ar. sherif noble, holy, n., a prince.]

Defn: A member of an Arab princely family descended from Mohammed through his son-in-law Ali and daughter Fatima. The Grand Shereef is the governor of Mecca.

SHERIAT
Sher"i*at, n. Etym: [Turk. sheri 'at]

Defn: The sacred law of the Turkish empire.

SHERIFF Sher"iff, n. Etym: [OE. shereve, AS. scir-ger; scir a shire + ger a reeve. See Shire, and Reeve, and cf. Shrievalty.]

Defn: The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and processes, and the preservation of the peace.

Note: In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the State. The office of sheriff in England is judicial and ministerial. In the United States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His judicial authority is generally confined to ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like. Sheriff, in Scotland, called sheriff depute, is properly a judge, having also certain ministerial powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff's Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in London is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions in that city. Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.

SHERIFFALTY; SHERIFFDOM; SHERIFFRY; SHERIFFSHIP; SHERIFFWICK
Sher"iff*al*ty, Sher"iff*dom, Sher"iff*ry, Sher"iff*ship,
Sher"iff*wick, n.

Defn: The office or jurisdiction of sheriff. See Shrievalty.

SHERN
Shern, n.

Defn: See Shearn. [Obs.]

SHERRIS
Sher"ris, n.

Defn: Sherry. [Obs.] Shak.

SHERRY Sher"ry, n. Etym: [So called from Xeres, a Spanish town near Cadiz, x in Spanish having been formerly pronounced like sh in English.]

Defn: A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in Andalusia. As prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color or a deep amber by mixing with it cheap wine boiled down. Sherry cobbler, a beverage prepared with sherry wine, water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc., and usually imbided through a straw or a glass tube.

SHERRYVALLIES Sher"ry*val`lies, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Sp. zaraquelles wide breeches or overalls.]

Defn: Trousers or overalls of thick cloth or leather, buttoned on the outside of each leg, and generally worn to protect other trousers when riding on horseback. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

SHET Shet, v. t. & i. [imp. Shet. (Obs. Shette ; p. pr. Shet; p. pr. & vb. n. Shetting.]

Defn: To shut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

SHETE
Shete, v. t. & i.

Defn: To shoot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHETH
Sheth, n.

Defn: The part of a plow which projects downward beneath the beam, for holding the share and other working parts; — also called standard, or post.

SHETLAND PONY
Shet"land po"ny.

Defn: One of a small, hardy breed of horses, with long mane and tail, which originated in the Shetland Islands; a sheltie.

SHEW
Shew, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Show.

SHEW
Shew, n.

Defn: Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]

SHEWBREAD
Shew"bread`.

Defn: See Showbread.

SHEWEL
Shew"el, n.

Defn: A scarecrow. [Obs.] Trench.

SHEWER
Shew"er, n.

Defn: One who shews. See Shower.

SHEWN
Shewn,

Defn: p. p. of Shew.

SHIAH
Shi"ah, n.

Defn: Same as Shiite.

SHIBBOLETH Shib"bo*leth, n. Etym: [Heb. shibboleth an ear of corn, or a stream, a flood.]

1. A word which was made the criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites from the Gileadites. The Ephraimites, not being able to pronounce sh, called the word sibboleth. See Judges xii. Without reprieve, adjudged to death, For want of well pronouncing shibboleth. Milton.

Defn: Also in an extended sense. The th, with its twofold value, is . . . the shibboleth of foreigners. Earle.

2. Hence, the criterion, test, or watchword of a party; a party cry or pet phrase.

SHICER
Shi"cer (shi"ser), n. [Prob. fr. G. scheisser one who dungs.]
(Mining)

Defn: An unproductive mine; a duffer. [Australia]

SHIDE Shide, n. Etym: [OE. shide, schide, AS. scide; akin to OHG. scit, G. scheit, Icel. ski, and E. shed, v.t.]

Defn: A thin board; a billet of wood; a splinter. [Prov. Eng.]

SHIE
Shie, v. t.

Defn: See Shy, to throw.

SHIED
Shied,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shy.

SHIEL
Shiel, n.

Defn: A sheeling. [Scot.] Burns.

SHIELD Shield, n. Etym: [OE. sheld, scheld, AS. scield, scild, sceld, scyld; akin to OS. scild, OFries. skeld, D. & G. schild, OHG. scilt, Icel. skjöldr, Sw. sköld, Dan. skiold, Goth. skildus; of uncertain origin. Cf. Sheldrake.]

1. A broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm, — formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body. See Buckler. Now put your shields before your hearts and fight, With hearts more proof than shields. Shak.

2. Anything which protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection. "My council is my shield." Shak.

3. Figuratively, one who protects or defends. Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward. Gen. xv. 1.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: In lichens, a Hardened cup or disk surrounded by a rim and containing the fructification, or asci.

5. (Her.)

Defn: The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms. Cf. Lozenge. See Illust. of Escutcheon.

6. (Mining & Tunneling)

Defn: A framework used to protect workmen in making an adit under ground, and capable of being pushed along as excavation progresses.

7. A spot resembling, or having the form of, a shield. "Bespotted as with shields of red and black." Spenser.

8. A coin, the old French crown, or écu, having on one side the figure of a shield. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shield fern (Bot.), any fern of the genus Aspidium, in which the fructifications are covered with shield-shaped indusia; — called also wood fern. See Illust. of Indusium.

SHIELD
Shield, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shielding.]
Etym: [AS. scidan, scyldan. See Shield, n.]

1. To cover with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to protect from assault or injury. Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field, To see the son the vanquished father shield. Dryden. A woman's shape doth shield thee. Shak.

2. To ward off; to keep off or out. They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to shield the cold to which they had been inured. Spenser.

3. To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a supplicatory exclamation,
forbid! [Obs.]
God shield that it should so befall. Chaucer.
God shield I should disturb devotion! Shak.

SHIELD-BEARER
Shield"-bear`er, n.

1. One who, or that which, carries a shield.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small moth of the genus Aspidisca, whose larva makes a shieldlike covering for itself out of bits of leaves.

SHIELDDRAKE
Shield"drake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sheldrake.

SHIELDLESS
Shield"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a shield, or of protection.
— Shield"less*ly, adv.
— Shield"less*ness, n.

SHIELDTAIL
Shield"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small burrowing snakes of the family Uropeltidæ, native of Ceylon and Southern Asia. They have a small mouth which can not be dilated.

SHIELING
Shiel"ing, n.

Defn: A hut or shelter for shepherds of fishers. See Sheeling.
[Scot.]

SHIFT Shift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shifting.] Etym: [OE. shiften, schiften, to divide, change, remove. AS. sciftan to divide; akin to LG. & D. schiften to divide, distinguish, part Icel. skipta to divide, to part, to shift, to change, Dan skifte, Sw. skifta, and probably to Icel. skifa to cut into slices, as n., a slice, and to E. shive, sheave, n., shiver, n.]

1. To divide; to distribute; to apportion. [Obs.] To which God of his bounty would shift Crowns two of flowers well smelling. Chaucer.

2. To change the place of; to move or remove from one place to another; as, to shift a burden from one shoulder to another; to shift the blame. Hastily he schifte him[self]. Piers Plowman. Pare saffron between the two St. Mary's days, Or set or go shift it that knowest the ways. Tusser.

3. To change the position of; to alter the bearings of; to turn; as, to shift the helm or sails. Carrying the oar loose, [they] shift it hither and thither at pleasure. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. To exchange for another of the same class; to remove and to put some similar thing in its place; to change; as, to shift the clothes; to shift the scenes. I would advise you to shift a shirt. Shak.

5. To change the clothing of; — used reflexively. [Obs.] As it were to ride day and night; and . . . not to have patience to shift me. Shak.

6. To put off or out of the way by some expedient. "I shifted him away." Shak. To shift off, to delay; to defer; to put off; to lay aside. — To shift the scene, to change the locality or the surroundings, as in a play or a story. Shift the scene for half an hour; Time and place are in thy power. Swift.

SHIFT
Shift, v. i.

1. To divide; to distribute. [Obs.] Some this, some that, as that him liketh shift. Chaucer.

2. To make a change or changes; to change position; to move; to veer; to substitute one thing for another; — used in the various senses of the transitive verb. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. Shak. Here the Baillie shifted and fidgeted about in his seat. Sir W. Scott.

3. To resort to expedients for accomplishing a purpose; to contrive; to manage. Men in distress will look to themselves, and leave their companions to schift as well as they can. L'Estrange.

4. To practice indirect or evasive methods. All those schoolmen, though they were exceeding witty, yet better teach all their followers to shift, than to resolve by their distinctions. Sir W. Raleigh.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To slip to one side of a ship, so as to destroy the equilibrum; — said of ballast or cargo; as, the cargo shifted.

SHIFT
Shift, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel skipti. See Shift, v. t.]

1. The act of shifting. Specifically: (a) The act of putting one thing in the place of another, or of changing the place of a thing; change; substitution. My going to Oxford was not merely for shift of air. Sir H. Wotton. (b) A turning from one thing to another; hence, an expedient tried in difficalty; often, an evasion; a trick; a fraud. "Reduced to pitiable shifts." Macaulay. I 'll find a thousand shifts to get away. Shak. Little souls on little shifts rely. Dryden.

2. Something frequently shifted; especially, a woman's under-garment; a chemise.

3. The change of one set of workmen for another; hence, a spell, or turn, of work; also, a set of workmen who work in turn with other sets; as, a night shift.

4. In building, the extent, or arrangement, of the overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed in courses so as to break joints.

5. (Mining)

Defn: A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a fault.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: A change of the position of the hand on the finger board, in playing the violin. To make shift, to contrive or manage in an exigency. "I shall make shift to go without him." Shak. [They] made a shift to keep their own in Ireland. Milton.

SHIFTABLE
Shift"a*ble, a.

Defn: Admitting of being shifted.

SHIFTER
Shift"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or practices artifice; a cozener. 'T was such a shifter that, if truth were known, Death was half glad when he had got him down. Milton.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An assistant to the ship's cook in washing, steeping, and shifting the salt provisions.

3. (Mach.) (a) An arrangement for shifting a belt sidewise from one pulley to another. (b) (Knitting Mach.) A wire for changing a loop from one needle to another, as in narrowing, etc.

SHIFTINESS
Shift"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shifty.
Diplomatic shiftiness and political versatility. J. A. Syminds.

SHIFTING
Shift"ing, a.

1. Changing in place, position, or direction; varying; variable; fickle; as, shifting winds; shifting opinions or principles.

2. Adapted or used for shifting anything. Shifting backstays (Naut.), temporary stays that have to be let go whenever the vessel tacks or jibes. — Shifting ballast, ballast which may be moved from one side of a vessel to another as safety requires. — Shifting center. See Metacenter. — Shifting locomotive. See Switching engine, under Switch.

SHIFTINGLY
Shift"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shifting manner.

SHIFTLESS
Shift"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of expedients, or not using successful expedients; characterized by failure, especially by failure to provide for one's own support, through negligence or incapacity; hence, lazy; improvident; thriftless; as, a shiftless fellow; shiftless management. — Shift"less*ly, adv. — Shift"less*ness, n.

SHIFTY
Shift"y, a.

Defn: Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or
contrivance. Wright.
Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot, there were few things
he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he could not endure. C.
Kingsley.

SHIITE; SHIAH Shi"ite, Shi"ah, n. Etym: [Ar. shi'aia follower of the sect of Ali, fr. shi'at, shi'ah, a multitude following one another in pursuit of the same object, the sect of Ali, fr. sha'a to follow.]

Defn: A member of that branch of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do not acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting Mohammed, as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated as heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans.

SHIKAREE; SHIKARI
Shi*ka"ree, Shi*ka"ri n. Etym: [Hind.]

Defn: A sportsman; esp., a native hunter. [India]

SHILF
Shilf, n. Etym: [CF. G. shilf sedge.]

Defn: Straw. [Obs.]

SHILL
Shill, v. t.

Defn: To shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHILL
Shill, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sheal.]

Defn: To put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.] Brockett.

SHILLALAH; SHILLELAH
Shil*la"lah, Shil*le"lah, n.

Defn: An oaken sapling or cudgel; any cudgel; — so called from
Shillelagh, a place in Ireland of that name famous for its oaks.
[Irish] [Written also shillaly, and shillely.]

SHILLING
Shil"ling, n. Etym: [OE. shilling, schilling, AS. scilling; akin to
D. schelling, OS. & OHG. scilling, G. schilling, Sw. & Dan. skilling,
Icel. skillingr, Goth. skilliggs, and perh. to OHG. scellan to sound,
G. schallen.]

1. A silver coin, and money of account, of Great Britain and its dependencies, equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound, equivalent to about twenty-four cents of the United States currency.

2. In the United States, a denomination of money, differing in value in different States. It is not now legally recognized.

Note: Many of the States while colonies had issued bills of credit which had depreciated in different degrees in the different colonies. Thus, in New England currency (used also in Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida), after the adoption of the decimal system, the pound in paper money was worth only $3.333, and the shilling 16 Am. Cyc.

3. The Spanish real, of the value of one eight of a dollar, or 12 York shilling. Same as Shilling, 3.

SHILL-I-SHALL-I; SHILLY-SHALLY Shill"-I-shall`-I, Shil"ly-shal`ly, adv. Etym: [A reduplication of shall I.]

Defn: In an irresolute, undecided, or hesitating manner.
I am somewhat dainty in making a resolution, because when I make it,
I keep it; I don't stand shill-I-shall-I then; if I say 't, I'll do
't. Congreve.

SHILLY-SHALLY
Shil"ly-shal`ly, v. i.

Defn: To hesitate; to act in an irresolute manner; hence, to occupy one's self with trifles.

SHILLY-SHALLY
Shil"ly-shal`ly, n.

Defn: Irresolution; hesitation; also, occupation with trifles. She lost not one of her forty-five minutes in picking and choosing, - - no shilly-shally in Kate. De Quincey.

SHILOH Shi"loh (shi\'b6lo), n. Etym: [Heb. shiloh, literally, quiet, rest, fr. shalah to rest.] (Script.)

Defn: A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted variously, as "the Messiah," or as the city "Shiloh," or as "Rest."

SHILY
Shi"ly, adv.

Defn: See Shyly.

SHIM
Shim, n.

1. A kind of shallow plow used in tillage to break the ground, and clear it of weeds.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: A thin piece of metal placed between two parts to make a fit.

SHIMMER Shim"mer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shimmered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shimmering.] Etym: [OE. schimeren, AS. scimerian; akin to scimian, sciman, to glitter, D. schemeren, G. schimmern, Dan. skimre, Sw. skimra, AS. scima a light, brightness, Icel. skima, Goth. skeima a torch, a lantern, and E. shine. sq. root157. See Shine, v. i.]

Defn: To shine with a tremulous or intermittent light; to shine faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to glimmer. The shimmering glimpses of a stream. Tennyson.

SHIMMER
Shim"mer, n.

Defn: A faint, tremulous light; a gleaming; a glimmer. TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused . . . a trembling twilight-seeming shimmer through the quiet apartment. Sir W. Scott.

SHIMMERING
Shim"mer*ing, n.

Defn: A gleam or glimmering. "A little shimmering of a light."
Chaucer.

SHIMMY
Shim"my, n.

Defn: A chemise. [Colloq.]

SHIN
Shin, n. Etym: [OE. shine, schine, AS. scina; akin to D. scheen, OHG.
scina, G. schiene, schienbein, Dan. skinnebeen, Sw. skenben. Cf.
Chine.]

1. The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank. "On his shin." Chaucer.

2. (Railbroad)

Defn: A fish plate for rails. Knight. Shin bone (Anat.), the tibia. — Shin leaf (Bot.), a perennial ericaceous herb (Pyrola elliptica) with a cluster of radical leaves and a raceme of greenish white flowers.

SHIN
Shin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Shinning.]

1. To climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or the like; — used with up; as, to shin up a mast. [Slang]

2. To run about borrowing money hastily and temporarily, as for the payment of one's notes at the bank. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

SHIN
Shin, v. t.

Defn: To climb (a pole, etc.) by shinning up. [Slang]

SHINDLE
Shin"dle, n. Etym: [See 2d Shingle.]

Defn: A shingle; also, a slate for roofing. [Obs.] Holland.

SHINDLE
Shin"dle, v. t.

Defn: To cover or roof with shindles. [Obs.]

SHINDY
Shin"dy, n.; pl. Shindies. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain; cf. Shinney,
Shinty.]

1. An uproar or disturbance; a spree; a row; a riot. [Slang] Thackeray.

2. Hockey; shinney. Bartlett.

3. A fancy or liking. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

SHINE Shine, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shone ( (archaic Shined ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shining.] Etym: [OE. shinen, schinen, AS. scinan; akin to D. schijnen, OFries. skina, OS. & OHG. scinan, G. scheinen, Icel.skina, Sw. skina, Dan. skinne, Goth. skeinan, and perh. to Gr. Sheer pure, and Shimmer.]

1. To emit rays of light; to give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit brightness or splendor; as, the sun shines by day; the moon shines by night. Hyperion's quickening fire doth shine. Shak. God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Cghrist. 2 Cor. iv. 6. Let thine eyes shine forth in their full luster. Denham.

2. To be bright by reflection of light; to gleam; to be glossy; as, to shine like polished silver.

3. To be effulgent in splendor or beauty. "So proud she shined in her princely state." Spenser. Once brightest shined this child of heat and air. Pope.

4. To be eminent, conspicuous, or distinguished; to exhibit brilliant intellectual powers; as, to shine in courts; to shine in conversation. Few are qualified to shine in company; but it in most men's power to be agreeable. Swift. To make, or cause, the face to shine upon, to be propitious to; to be gracious to. Num. vi. 25.

SHINE
Shine, v. t.

1. To cause to shine, as a light. [Obs.] He [God] doth not rain wealth, nor shine honor and virtues, upon men equally. Bacon.

2. To make bright; to cause to shine by reflected light; as, in hunting, to shine the eyes of a deer at night by throwing a light on them. [U. S.] Bartlett.

SHINE
Shine, n.

1. The quality or state of shining; brightness; luster, gloss;
polish; sheen.
Now sits not girt with taper's holy shine. Milton.
Fair opening to some court's propitious shine. Pope.
The distant shine of the celestial city. Hawthorne.

2. Sunshine; fair weather. Be it fair or foul, or rain or shine. Dryden.

3. A liking for a person; a fancy. [Slang, U.S.]

4. Caper; antic; row. [Slang] To cut up shines, to play pranks. [Slang, U.S.]

SHINE
Shine, a. Etym: [AS. scin. See Shine, v. i.]

Defn: Shining; sheen. [Obs.] Spenser.

SHINER
Shin"er, n.

Defn: That which shines. Specifically: (a) A luminary. (b) A bright piece of money. [Slang] Has she the shiners, d' ye think Foote. black eye. (c) (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small freshwater American cyprinoid fishes, belonging to Notropis, or Minnilus, and allied genera; as the redfin (Notropis megalops), and the golden shiner (Notemigonus chrysoleucus) of the Eastern United States; also loosely applied to various other silvery fishes, as the dollar fish, or horsefish, menhaden, moonfish, sailor's choice, and the sparada. (d) (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common Lepisma, or furniture bug. Blunt-nosed shiner
(Zoöl.), the silver moonfish.

SHINESS
Shi"ness, n.

Defn: See Shyness.

SHINGLE Shin"gle, n. Etym: [Prob. from Norw. singl, singling, coarse gravel, small round stones.] (Geol.)

Defn: Round, water-worn, and loose gravel and pebbles, or a collection of roundish stones, such as are common on the seashore and elsewhere.

SHINGLE Shin"gle, n. Etym: [OE. shingle, shindle, fr. L. scindula, scandula; cf. scindere to cleave, to split, E. shed, v.t., Gr.

1. A piece of wood sawed or rived thin and small, with one end thinner than the other, — used in covering buildings, especially roofs, the thick ends of one row overlapping the thin ends of the row below. I reached St. Asaph, . . . where there is a very poor cathedral church covered with shingles or tiles. Ray.

2. A sign for an office or a shop; as, to hang out one's shingle. [Jocose, U. S.] Shingle oak (Bot.), a kind of oak (Quercus imbricaria) used in the Western States for making shingles.

SHINGLE
Shin"gle, v. t. [imp. &. p. p. Shingled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shingling.]

1. To cover with shingles; as, to shingle a roof. They shingle their houses with it. Evelyn.

2. To cut, as hair, so that the ends are evenly exposed all over the head, as shingles on a roof.

SHINGLE
Shin"gle, v. t.

Defn: To subject to the process of shindling, as a mass of iron from the pudding furnace.

SHINGLER
Shin"gler, n.

1. One who shingles.

2. A machine for shingling puddled iron.

SHINGLES Shin"gles, n. Etym: [OF. cengle a girth, F. sangle, fr. L. cingulum a girdle, fr. cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture, Cingle, Surcingle.] (Med.)

Defn: A kind of herpes (Herpes zoster) which spreads half way around the body like a girdle, and is usually attended with violent neuralgic pain.

SHINGLING
Shin"gling, n.

1. The act of covering with shingles; shingles, collectively; a covering made of shingles.

2. (Metal)

Defn: The process of expelling scoriæ and other impurities by hammering and squeezing, in the production of wrought iron. Shingling hammer, a ponderous hammer moved by machinery, used in shingling puddled iron. — Shingling mill, a mill or forge where puddled iron is shingled.

SHINGLY
Shin"gly, a.

Defn: Abounding with shingle, or gravel.

SHINHOPPLE
Shin"hop`ple, n.

Defn: The hobblebush.

SHINING
Shin"ing, a.

1. Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant; as, shining lamps; also, bright by the reflection of light; as, shining armor. "Fish . . . with their fins and shining scales." Milton.

2. Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished; conspicious; as, a shining example of charity.

3. Having the surface smooth and polished; — said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.

Syn. — Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent; lustrous; brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious. — Shining, Brilliant, Sparking. Shining describes the steady emission of a strong light, or the steady reflection of light from a clear or polished surface. Brilliant denotes a shining of great brightness, but with gleams or flashes. Sparkling implies a fitful, intense shining from radiant points or sparks, by which the eye is dazzled. The same distinctions obtain when these epithets are figuratively applied. A man of shining talents is made conspicious by possessing them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly striking effect, we call them brilliant; if his brilliancy is marked by great vivacity and occasional intensity, he is sparkling. True paradise . . . inclosed with shining rock. Milton. Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist, Some round her neck a circling light display. Gay. His sparkling blade about his head he blest. Spenser.

SHINING
Shin"ing, n.

Defn: Emission or reflection of light.

SHININGNESS
Shin"ing*ness, n.

Defn: Brightness. J. Spence.

SHINNEY
Shin"ney, n. Etym: [CF. Shindy.]

Defn: The game of hockey; — so called because of the liability of the players to receive blows on the shin. Halliwell.

SHINPLASTER
Shin"plas`ter, n.

Defn: Formerly, a jocose term for a bank note greatly depreciated in value; also, for paper money of a denomination less than a dollar. [U. S.]

SHIN SHU
Shin Shu. [Jap., lit., true sect.]

Defn: The leading and most progressive Buddhist sect of Japan, resting its faith rather upon Amida than Gautama Buddha. Rites and ceremonies are held useless without uprightness.

SHINTIYAN; SHINTYAN Shin"ti*yan (shin"ti*yan), Shin"ty*an (shin"ti*an), n. [Ar. shintian.]

Defn: A kind of wide loose drawers or trousers worn by women in
Mohammedan countries.

SHINTO; SHINTIISM
Shin"to, Shin"ti*ism, n. Etym: [Chin. shin god + tao way, doctrine.]

Defn: One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes. [Written also Sintu, and Sintuism.]

SHINTOIST
Shin"to*ist, n.

Defn: An adherent of Shintoism.

SHINTY
Shin"ty, n. Etym: [Cf. Gael. sinteag a skip, a bound.]

Defn: A Scotch game resembling hockey; also, the club used in the game. Jamieson.

SHINY
Shin"y, a. [Compar. Shinier; superl. Shiniest.]

Defn: Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.
Like distant thunder on a shiny day. Dryden.

-SHIP -ship. Etym: [OE. -schipe, AS. -scipe; akin to OFries. -skipe, OLG. - skepi, D. -schap, OHG. -scaf, G. -schaft. Cf. Shape, n., and Landscape.]

Defn: A suffix denoting state, office, dignity, profession, or art; as in lordship, friendship, chancellorship, stewardship, horsemanship.

SHIP
Ship, n. Etym: [AS. scipe.]

Defn: Pay; reward. [Obs.] In withholding or abridging of the ship or the hire or the wages of servants. Chaucer.

SHIP
Ship, n. Etym: [OE. ship, schip, AS. scip; akin to OFries. skip, OS.
scip, D. schip, G. schiff, OHG. scif, Dan. skib, Sw. skeep, Icel. &
Goth. skip; of unknown origin. Cf. Equip, Skiff, Skipper.]

1. Any large seagoing vessel.
Like a stately ship . . . With all her bravery on, and tackle trim,
Sails filled, and streamers waving. Milton.
Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! Longfellow.

2. Specifically, a vessel furnished with a bowsprit and three masts
(a mainmast, a foremast, and a mizzenmast), each of which is composed
of a lower mast, a topmast, and a topgallant mast, and square-rigged
on all masts. See Illustation in Appendix. l Port or Larboard Side; s
Starboard Side; 1 Roundhouse or Deck House; 2 Tiller; 3 Grating; 4
Wheel; 5 Wheel Chains; 6 Binnacle; 7 Mizzenmast; 8 Skylight; 9
Capstan; 10 Mainmast; 11 Pumps; 12 Galley or Caboose; 13 Main
Hatchway; 14 Windlass; 15 Foremast; 16 Fore Hatchway; 17 Bitts; 18
Bowsprit; 19 Head Rail; 20 Boomkins; 21 Catheads on Port Bow and
Starboard Bow; 22 Fore Chains; 23 Main Chains; 24 Mizzen Chains; 25
Stern. 1 Fore Royal Stay; 2 Flying Jib Stay; 3 Fore Topgallant Stay;4
Jib Stay; 5 Fore Topmast Stays; 6 Fore Tacks; 8 Flying Martingale; 9
Martingale Stay, shackled to Dolphin Striker; 10 Jib Guys; 11 Jumper
Guys; 12 Back Ropes; 13 Robstays; 14 Flying Jib Boom; 15 Flying Jib
Footropes; 16 Jib Boom; 17 Jib Foottropes; 18 Bowsprit; 19 Fore
Truck; 20 Fore Royal Mast; 21 Fore Royal Lift; 22 Fore Royal Yard; 23
Fore Royal Backstays; 24 Fore Royal Braces; 25 Fore Topgallant Mast
and Rigging; 26 Fore Topgallant Lift; 27 Fore Topgallant Yard; 28
Fore Topgallant Backstays; 29 Fore Topgallant Braces; 30 Fore Topmast
and Rigging; 31 Fore Topsail Lift; 32 Fore Topsail Yard; 33 Fore
Topsail Footropes; 34 Fore Topsail Braces; 35 Fore Yard; 36 Fore
Brace; 37 Fore Lift; 38 Fore Gaff; 39 Fore Trysail Vangs; 40 Fore
Topmast Studding-sail Boom; 41 Foremast and Rigging; 42 Fore Topmast
Backstays; 43 Fore Sheets; 44 Main Truck and Pennant; 45 Main Royal
Mast and Backstay; 46 Main Royal Stay; 47 Main Royal Lift; 48 Main
Royal Yard; 49 Main Royal Braces; 50 Main Topgallant Mast and
Rigging; 51 Main Topgallant Lift; 52 Main Topgallant Backstays; 53
Main Topgallant Yard; 54 Main Topgallant Stay; 55 Main Topgallant
Braces; 56 Main Topmast and Rigging; 57 Topsail Lift; 58 Topsail
Yard; 59 Topsail Footropes; 60 Topsail Braces; 61 Topmast Stays; 62
Main Topgallant Studding-sail Boom; 63 Main Topmast Backstay; 64 Main
Yard; 65 Main Footropes; 66 Mainmast and Rigging; 67 Main Lift; 68
Main Braces; 69 Main Tacks; 70 Main Sheets; 71 Main Trysail Gaff; 72
Main Trysail Vangs; 73 Main Stays; 74 Mizzen Truck; 75 Mizzen Royal
Mast and Rigging; 76 Mizzen Royal Stay; 77 Mizzen Royal Lift; 78
Mizzen Royal Yard; 79 Mizzen Royal Braces; 80 Mizzen Topgallant Mast
and Rigging; 81 Mizzen Topgallant Lift; 82 Mizzen Topgallant
Backstays; 83 Mizzen Topgallant Braces; 84 Mizzen Topgallant Yard; 85
Mizzen Topgallant Stay; 86 Mizzen Topmast and Rigging; 87 Mizzen
Topmast Stay; 88 Mizzen Topsail Lift; 89 Mizzen Topmast Backstays; 90
Mizzen Topsail Braces; 91 Mizzen Topsail Yard; 92 Mizzen Topsail
Footropes; 93 Crossjack Yard; 94 Crossjack Footropes; 95 Crossjack
Lift; 96 Crossjack Braces; 97 Mizzenmast and Rigging; 98 Mizzen Stay;
99 Spanker Gaff; 100 Peak Halyards; 101 Spanker Vangs; 102 Spanker
Boom; 103 Spanker Boom Topping Lift; 104 Jacob's Ladder, or Stern
Ladder; 105 Spanker Sheet; 106 Cutwater; 107 Starboard Bow; 108
Starboard Beam; 109 Water Line; 110 Starboard Quarter; 111 Rudder.

3. A dish or utensil (originally fashioned like the hull of a ship) used to hold incense. [Obs.] Tyndale. Armed ship, a private ship taken into the service of the government in time of war, and armed and equipped like a ship of war. [Eng.] Brande & C. — General ship. See under General. — Ship biscuit, hard biscuit prepared for use on shipboard; — called also ship bread. See Hardtack. — Ship boy, a boy who serves in a ship. "Seal up the ship boy's eyes." Shak. — Ship breaker, one who breaks up vessels when unfit for further use. — Ship broker, a mercantile agent employed in buying and selling ships, procuring cargoes, etc., and generally in transacting the business of a ship or ships when in port. — Ship canal, a canal suitable for the passage of seagoing vessels. — Ship carpenter, a carpenter who works at shipbuilding; a shipwright. — Ship chandler, one who deals in cordage, canvas, and other, furniture of vessels. — Ship chandlery, the commodities in which a ship chandler deals; also, the business of a ship chandler. — Ship fever (Med.), a form of typhus fever; — called also putrid, jail, or hospital fever. — Ship joiner, a joiner who works upon ships. — Ship letter, a letter conveyed by a ship not a mail packet. — Ship money (Eng. Hist.), an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and counties, of England, for providing and furnishing certain ships for the king's service. The attempt made by Charles I. to revive and enforce this tax was resisted by John Hampden, and was one of the causes which led to the death of Charles. It was finally abolished. — Ship of the line. See under Line. — Ship pendulum, a pendulum hung amidships to show the extent of the rolling and pitching of a vessel. — Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway with a cradelike car, by means of which a ship may be drawn out of water, as for repairs. (b) A railway arranged for the transportation of vessels overland between two water courses or harbors. — Ship's company, the crew of a ship or other vessel. — Ship's days, the days allowed a vessel for loading or unloading. — Ship's husband. See under Husband. — Ship's papers (Mar. Law), papers with which a vessel is required by law to be provided, and the production of which may be required on certain occasions. Among these papers are the register, passport or sea letter, charter party, bills of lading, invoice, log book, muster roll, bill of health, etc. Bouvier. Kent. — To make ship, to embark in a ship or other vessel.

SHIP
Ship, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Shipping.]

1. To put on board of a ship, or vessel of any kind, for transportation; to send by water. The timber was . . . shipped in the bay of Attalia, from whence it was by sea transported to Pelusium. Knolles.

2. By extension, in commercial usage, to commit to any conveyance for transportation to a distance; as, to ship freight by railroad.

3. Hence, to send away; to get rid of. [Colloq.]

4. To engage or secure for service on board of a ship; as, to ship seamen.

5. To receive on board ship; as, to ship a sea.

6. To put in its place; as, to ship the tiller or rudder.

SHIP
Ship, v. i.

1. To engage to serve on board of a vessel; as, to ship on a man-of- war.

2. To embark on a ship. Wyclif (Acts xxviii. 11)

SHIPBOARD
Ship"board`, n. Etym: [Ship + board. See Board, n., 8]

Defn: A ship's side; hence, by extension, a ship; — found chiefly in adverbial phrases; as, on shipboard; a shipboard.

SHIPBUILDER
Ship"build`er, n.

Defn: A person whose occupation is to construct ships and other vessels; a naval architect; a shipwright.

SHIPBUILDING
Ship"build`ing, n.

Defn: Naval architecturel the art of constructing ships and other vessels.

SHIPFUL
Ship"ful, n.; pl. Shipfuls (.

Defn: As much or as many as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.

SHIPHOLDER
Ship"hold`er, n.

Defn: A shipowner.

SHIPLESS
Ship"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of ships. Gray.

SHIPLET
Ship"let, n.

Defn: A little ship. [R.] Holinshed.

SHIPLOAD
Ship"load`, n.

Defn: The load, or cargo, of a ship.

SHIPMAN
Ship"man, n.; pl. Shipmen (.

Defn: A seaman, or sailor. [Obs. or Poetic] Chaucer. R. Browning.
About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some
country. Acts xxvii. 27.
Shipman's card, the mariner's compass. [Obs.] Shak.

SHIPMASTER
Ship"mas`ter, n.

Defn: The captain, master, or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 6.

SHIPMATE
Ship"mate`, n.

Defn: One who serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow sailor.

SHIPMENT
Ship"ment, n.

1. The act or process of shipping; as, he was engaged in the shipment of coal for London; an active shipment of wheat from the West.

2. That which is shipped. The question is, whether the share of M. in the shipment is exempted from condemnation by reason of his neutral domicle. Story.

SHIPOWNER
Ship"own`er, n.

Defn: Owner of a ship or ships.

SHIPPEN
Ship"pen, n. Etym: [AS. scypen. Cf. Shop, Shepen.]

Defn: A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

SHIPPER
Ship"per, n. Etym: [See Ship, n., and cf. Skipper.]

Defn: One who sends goods from one place to another not in the same city or town, esp. one who sends goods by water.

SHIPPING
Ship"ping, a.

1. Relating to ships, their ownership, transfer, or employment; as, shiping concerns.

2. Relating to, or concerned in, the forwarding of goods; as, a shipping clerk.

SHIPPING
Ship"ping, n.

1. The act of one who, or of that which, ships; as, the shipping of flour to Liverpool.

2. The collective body of ships in one place, or belonging to one port, country, etc.; vessels, generally; tonnage.

3. Navigation. "God send 'em good shipping." Shak. Shipping articles, articles of agreement between the captain of a vessel and the seamen on board, in respect to the amount of wages, length of time for which they are shipping, etc. Bouvier. — To take shipping, to embark; to take ship. [Obs.] John vi.24. Shak.

SHIPPING NOTE
Ship"ping note. (Com.)

Defn: A document used in shipping goods by sea. In the case of free goods the shipping notes are the receiving note, addressed by the shipper to the chief officer of the vessel, requesting him to receive on board specified goods, and a receipt for the mate to sign, on receiving whose signature it is called the mate's receipt, and is surrendered by the shipper for the bills of lading.

SHIPPO Ship*po", n. [Jap. shippo seven precious things; Chin. ts'ih seven + pao gem.] (Japanese Art)

Defn: Cloisonné enamel on a background of metal or porcelain.

SHIPPON
Ship"pon, n.

Defn: A cowhouse; a shippen. [Prov. Eng.] Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the shippon, or churn, or make cheese. Dickens.

SHIP RAILWAY Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway running into the water with a cradelike car on which a vessel may be drawn out on land, as for repairs. (b) A railway on which to transport vessels overland between bodies of water.

SHIP-RIGGED
Ship"-rigged`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Rigged like a ship, that is, having three masts, each with square sails.

SHIPSHAPE
Ship"shape`, a.

Defn: Arranged in a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy;
orderly.
Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery executioner's mode
of tying a knot, and did it herself in a shipshape orthodox manner.
De Quincey.
Keep everything shipshape, for I must go Tennyson.

SHIPSHAPE
Ship"shape`, adv.

Defn: In a shipshape or seamanlike manner.

SHIPWORM
Ship"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of Teredo and allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. See Teredo.

SHIPWRECK
Ship"wreck`, n.

1. The breaking in pieces, or shattering, of a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or driven against rocks, shoals, etc., by the violence of the winds and waves.

2. A ship wrecked or destroyed upon the water, or the parts of such a ship; wreckage. Dryden.

3. Fig.: Destruction; ruin; irretrievable loss. Holding faith and a good conscience, which some having put away concerning faith have made shipwreck. 1 Tim. 1. 19. It was upon an Indian bill that the late ministry had made shipwreck. J. Morley.

SHIPWRECK
Ship"wreck`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shipwrecked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shipwrecking.]

1. To destroy, as a ship at sea, by running ashore or on rocks or sandbanks, or by the force of wind and waves in a tempest. Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break. Shak.

2. To cause to experience shipwreck, as sailors or passengers. Hence, to cause to suffer some disaster or loss; to destroy or ruin, as if by shipwreck; to wreck; as, to shipwreck a business. Addison.

SHIPWRIGHT
Ship"wright`, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to construct ships; a builder of ships or other vessels.

SHIPYARD
Ship"yard`, n.

Defn: A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.

SHIRAZ
Shi*raz", n.

Defn: A kind of Persian wine; — so called from the place whence it is brought.

SHIRE
Shire, n. Etym: [AS. scire, scir, a division, province, county. Cf.
Sheriff.]

1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a smaller district; as, Wiltshire, Yorkshire, Richmondshire, Hallamshire. An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire. Blackstone.

2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.]

Note: Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county as a part of its name; as, Yorkshire instead of York shire, or the shire of York; Berkshire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are used in England. In the United States the composite word is sometimes the only name of a county; as, Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania. The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, etc. Encyc. Brit. Knight of the shire. See under Knight. — Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also, an under sheriff. [Eng.] — Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff's turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. — Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. — Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town. — Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.

SHIRE HORSE
Shire horse.

Defn: One of an English breed of heavy draft horses believed to be descended largely from the horses used in war in the days of heavy armor. They are the largest of the British draft breeds, and have long hair on the back of the cannons and fetlocks. Brown or bay with white on the face and legs is now the commonest color.

SHIRK
Shirk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shirked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirking.] Etym:
[Probably the same word as shark. See Shark, v. t.]

1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation. You that never heard the call of any vocation, . . . that shirk living from others, but time from Yourselves. Bp. Rainbow.

2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; — implying unfaithfulness or fraud; as, to shirk duty. The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties. Hare.

SHIRK
Shirk, v. i.

1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark.

2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away. One of the cities shirked from the league. Byron.

SHIRK
Shirk, n.

Defn: One who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.

SHIRKER
Shirk"er, n.

Defn: One who shirks. Macaulay.

SHIRKY
Shirk"y, a.

Defn: Disposed to shirk. [Colloq.]

SHIRL
Shirl, a.

Defn: Shrill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

SHIRL
Shirl, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Schorl.

SHIRLEY
Shir"ley, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bullfinch.

SHIRR
Shirr, n. (Sewing)

Defn: A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to make the material between them set full by gatherings; — called also shirring, and gauging.

SHIRRED
Shirred, a.

1. (Sewing)

Defn: Made or gathered into a shirr; as, a shirred bonnet.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the fire; — said of eggs.

SHIRT Shirt, n. Etym: [OE. schirte, sherte, schurte; akin to Icel. skyrta, Dan. skiorte, Sw. skjorta, Dan. skiört a petticoat, D. schort a petticoat, an argon, G. schurz, schürze, an argon; all probably from the root of E. short, as being originally a short garment. See Short, and cf. Skirt.]

Defn: A loose under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, or other material; — formerly used of the under- garment of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men and boys. Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders but their shirts. Addison. She had her shirts and girdles of hair. Bp. Fisher.

SHIRT
Shirt, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Shirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirting.]

Defn: To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt. Dryden.

SHIRTING
Shirt"ing, n.

Defn: Cloth, specifically cotton cloth, suitable for making shirts.

SHIRTLESS
Shirt"less, a.

Defn: Not having or wearing a shirt. Pope.
— Shirt"less*ness, n.

SHIRT WAIST
Shirt waist.

Defn: A belted waist resembling a shirt in plainness of cut and style, worn by women or children; — in England called a blouse.

SHIRT-WAIST SUIT
Shirt-waist suit.

Defn: A costume consisting of a plain belted waist and skirt of the same material.

SHIST; SHISTOSE
Shist, Shis*tose".

Defn: See Shist, Schistose.

SHITTAH; SHITTAH TREE
Shit"tah, Shit"tah tree`, n. Etym: [Heb. shittah, pl. shittim.]

Defn: A tree that furnished the precious wood of which the ark, tables, altars, boards, etc., of the Jewish tabernacle were made; — now believed to have been the wood of the Acacia Seyal, which is hard, fine grained, and yellowish brown in color.

SHITTIM; SHITTIM WOOD
Shit"tim, Shit"tim wood`, n.

Defn: The wood of the shittah tree.

SHITTLE
Shit"tle, n. Etym: [See Shuttle.]

Defn: A shuttle. [Obs.] Chapman.

SHITTLE
Shit"tle, a.

Defn: Wavering; unsettled; inconstant. [Obs.] Holland.

SHITTLECOCK
Shit"tle*cock`, n.

Defn: A shuttlecock. [Obs.]

SHITTLENESS
Shit"tle*ness, n.

Defn: Instability; inconstancy. [Obs.]
The vain shittlenesse of an unconstant head. Baret.

SHIVE
Shive, n. Etym: [See Sheave, n.]

1. A slice; as, a shive of bread. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Shak.

2. A thin piece or fragment; specifically, one of the scales or pieces of the woody part of flax removed by the operation of breaking.

3. A thin, flat cork used for stopping a wide-mouthed bottle; also, a thin wooden bung for casks.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, n. Etym: [OE. schivere, fr. shive; cf. G. schifer a
splinter, slate, OHG. scivere a splinter, Dan. & Sw. skifer a slate.
See Shive, and cf. Skever.]

1. One of the small pieces, or splinters, into which a brittle thing is broken by sudden violence; — generally used in the plural. "All to shivers dashed." Milton.

2. A thin slice; a shive. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "A shiver of their own loaf." Fuller. Of your soft bread, not but a shiver. Chaucer.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A variety of blue slate.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A sheave or small wheel in a pulley.

5. A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter.

6. A spindle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shivered; p. pr. & vb. n. Shivering.]
Etym: [OE. schiveren, scheveren; cf. OD. scheveren. See Shiver a
fragment.]

Defn: To break into many small pieces, or splinters; to shatter; to dash to pieces by a blow; as, to shiver a glass goblet. All the ground With shivered armor strown. Milton.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. i.

Defn: To separate suddenly into many small pieces or parts; to be
shattered.
There shiver shafts upon shields thick. Chaucer
The natural world, should gravity once cease, . . . would instantly
shiver into millions of atoms. Woodward.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. i. Etym: [OE. chiveren, cheveren; of uncertain origin.
This word seems to have been confused with shiver to shatter.]

Defn: To tremble; to vibrate; to quiver; to shake, as from cold or
fear.
Prometheus is laid On icy Caucasus to shiver. Swift.
The man that shivered on the brink of sin, Thus steeled and hardened,
ventures boldly in. Creech.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.

SHIVER
Shiv"er, n.

Defn: The act of shivering or trembling.

SHIVERINGLY
Shiv"er*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a shivering manner.

SHIVER-SPAR
Shiv"er-spar`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schiefer-spath.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of calcite, so called from its slaty structure; — called also slate spar.

SHIVERY
Shiv"er*y, a.

1. Tremulous; shivering. Mallet.

2. Easily broken; brittle; shattery.

SHIZOKU Shi*zo"ku, n. sing. & pl. [Jap. shi-zoku, fr. Chin. ch' (chi) branch, posterity + tsu kindered, class.]

Defn: The Japanese warrior gentry or middle class, formerly called samurai; also, any member of this class.

SHOAD
Shoad, n. Etym: [Cf. G. schutt rubbish.] (Mining)

Defn: A train of vein material mixed with rubbish; fragments of ore which have become separated by the action of water or the weather, and serve to direct in the discovery of mines. [Written also shode.]

SHOADING
Shoad"ing, n. (Mining)

Defn: The tracing of veins of metal by shoads. [Written also shoding.] Pryce.

SHOAL Shoal, n. Etym: [AS. scolu, sceolu, a company, multitude, crowd, akin to OS. skola; probably originally, a division, and akin to Icel. skilja to part, divide. See Skill, and cf. School. of fishes.]

Defn: A great multitude assembled; a crowd; a throng; — said
especially of fish; as, a shoal of bass. "Great shoals of people."
Bacon.
Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides. Waller.

SHOAL
Shoal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shoaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoaling.]

Defn: To assemble in a multitude; to throng; as, the fishes shoaled about the place. Chapman.

SHOAL Shoal, a. Etym: [Cf. Shallow; or cf. G. scholle a clod, glebe, OHG. scollo, scolla, prob. akin to E. shoal a multitude.]

Defn: Having little depth; shallow; as, shoal water.

SHOAL
Shoal, n.

1. A place where the water of a sea, lake, river, pond, etc., is shallow; a shallow. The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides some shoals for the fish to lay their span. Mortimer. Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, And sounded all the depths and shoals of honor. Shak.

2. A sandbank or bar which makes the water shoal. The god himself with ready trident stands, And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands, Then heaves them off the shoals. Dryden.

SHOAL
Shoal, v. i.

Defn: To become shallow; as, the color of the water shows where it shoals.

SHOAL
Shoal, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become more shallow; to come to a more shallow part of; as, a ship shoals her water by advancing into that which is less deep. Marryat.

SHOALINESS
Shoal"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shoaly; little depth of water; shallowness.

SHOALING
Shoal"ing, a.

Defn: Becoming shallow gradually. "A shoaling estuary." Lyell.

SHOALY
Shoal"y, a.

Defn: Full of shoals, or shallow places.
The tossing vessel sailed on shoaly ground. Dryden.

SHOAR
Shoar (shor), n.

Defn: A prop. See 3d Shore.

SHOAT
Shoat (shot), n.

Defn: A young hog. Same as Shote.

SHOCK Shock, n. Etym: [OE. schokke; cf. OD schocke, G. schock a heap, quantity, threescore, MHG. schoc, Sw. skok, and also G. hocke a heap of hay, Lith. kugis.]

1. A pile or assemblage of sheaves of grain, as wheat, rye, or the like, set up in a field, the sheaves varying in number from twelve to sixteen; a stook. And cause it on shocks to be by and by set. Tusser. Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks. Thomson.

2. Etym: [G. schock.] (Com.)

Defn: A lot consisting of sixty pieces; — a term applied in some
Baltic ports to loose goods.

SHOCK
Shock, v. t.

Defn: To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook; as, to shock rye.

SHOCK
Shock, v. i.

Defn: To be occupied with making shocks. Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn, Bind fast, shock apace. Tusser.

SHOCK Shock, n. Etym: [Cf. D. schok a bounce, jolt, or leap, OHG. scoc a swing, MHG. schoc, Icel. skykkjun tremuously, F. choc a shock, collision, a dashing or striking against, Sp. choque, It. ciocco a log. sq. root161. Cf. Shock to shake.]

1. A quivering or shaking which is the effect of a blow, collision, or violent impulse; a blow, impact, or collision; a concussion; a sudden violent impulse or onset. These strong, unshaken mounds resist the shocks Of tides and seas tempestuous. Blackmore. He stood the shock of a whole host of foes. Addison.

2. A sudden agitation of the mind or feelings; a sensation of pleasure or pain caused by something unexpected or overpowering; also, a sudden agitating or overpowering event. "A shock of pleasure." Talfourd.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A sudden depression of the vital forces of the entire body, or of a port of it, marking some profound impression produced upon the nervous system, as by severe injury, overpowering emotion, or the like.

4. (Elec.)

Defn: The sudden convulsion or contraction of the muscles, with the feeling of a concussion, caused by the discharge, through the animal system, of electricity from a charged body.

Syn. — Concussion, Shock. Both words signify a sudden violent shaking caused by impact or colision; but concussion is restricted in use to matter, while shock is used also of mental states.

SHOCK
Shock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Shocking.] Etym:
[OE. schokken; cf. D. schokken, F. choquer, Sp. chocar. sq. root161.
Cf. Chuck to strike, Jog, Shake, Shock a striking, Shog, n. & v.]

1. To give a shock to; to cause to shake or waver; hence, to strike against suddenly; to encounter with violence. Come the three corners of the world in arms, And we shall shock them. Shak. A shall never forget the force with which he shocked De Vipont. Sir W. Scott.

2. To strike with surprise, terror, horror, or disgust; to cause to recoil; as, his violence shocked his associates. Advise him not to shock a father's will. Dryden.

SHOCK
Shock, v. i.

Defn: To meet with a shock; to meet in violent encounter. "They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together." De Quincey.

SHOCK
Shock, n. Etym: [Cf. Shag.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dog with long hair or shag; — called also shockdog.

2. A thick mass of bushy hair; as, a head covered with a shock of sandy hair.

SHOCK
Shock, a.

Defn: Bushy; shaggy; as, a shock hair.
His red shock peruke . . . was laid aside. Sir W. Scott.

SHOCKDOG
Shock"dog`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See 7th Shock, 1.

SHOCK-HEAD
Shock"-head`, a.

Defn: Shock-headed. Tennyson.

SHOCK-HEADED
Shock"-head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a thick and bushy head of hair.

SHOCKING
Shock"ing, a.

Defn: Causing to shake or tremble, as by a blow; especially, causing
to recoil with horror or disgust; extremely offensive or disgusting.
The grossest and most shocking villainies. Secker.
— Shock"ing*ly, adv.
— Shock"ing*ness, n.

SHOD
Shod, imp. & p. p.

Defn: f Shoe.

SHODDY Shod"dy, n. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Shed, v. t.; as meaning originally, waste stuff shedor thrown off.]

1. A fibrous material obtained by "deviling," or tearing into fibers, refuse woolen goods, old stockings, rags, druggets, etc. See Mungo.

2. A fabric of inferior quality made of, or containing a large amount of, shoddy.

Note: The great quantity of shoddy goods furnished as army supplies in the late Civil War in the United States gave wide currency to the word, and it came to be applied to persons who pretend to a higher position in society than that to which their breeding or worth entitles them.

SHODDY
Shod"dy, a.

Defn: Made wholly or in part of shoddy; containing shoddy; as, shoddy cloth; shoddy blankets; hence, colloquially, not genuine; sham; pretentious; as, shoddy aristocracy. Shoddy inventions designed to bolster up a factitious pride. Compton Reade.

SHODDY FEVER
Shoddy fever. (Med.)

Defn: A febrile disease characterized by dyspnoa and bronchitis caused by inhaling dust.

SHODDYISM
Shod"dy*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being shoddy. [Colloq.] See the Note under Shoddy, n.

SHODE
Shode, n. Etym: [AS. scade, fr. sceádan. See Shed, v. t.]

1. The parting of the hair on the head. [Obs.] Full straight and even lay his jolly shode. Chaucer.

2. The top of the head; the head. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHODE; SHODING
Shode, Shod"ing.

Defn: See Shoad, Shoading.

SHODER
Sho"der, n.

Defn: A package of gold beater's skins in which gold is subjected to the second process of beating.

SHOE Shoe, n.; pl. Shoes, formerly Shoon, now provincial. Etym: [OE. sho, scho, AS. sc, sceóh; akin to OFries. sk, OS. sk, D. schoe, schoen, G. schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. sk, Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. sk; of unknown origin.]

1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far up the leg. Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe untied. Shak. Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon. Shak.

2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or use. Specifically: (a) A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend it from injury. (b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle which slides on the snow. (c) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill. (d) The part of a railroad car brake which presses upon the wheel to retard its motion. (e) (Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building. (f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for conveying the grain from the hopper to the eye of the millstone. (g) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill. (h) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter. (i) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile. (j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece, interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; — called also slipper, and gib.

Note: Shoe is often used adjectively, or in composition; as, shoe buckle, or shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or shoe-latchet; shoe leathet, or shoe-leather; shoe string, shoe-string, or shoestring. Shoe of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke, — used to prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or lowered. (b) A broad, triangular piece of plank placed upon the fluke to give it a better hold in soft ground. — Shoe block (Naut.), a block with two sheaves, one above the other, and at right angles to each other. — Shoe bolt, a bolt with a flaring head, for fastening shoes on sleigh runners. — Shoe pac, a kind of moccasin. See Pac. — Shoe stone, a sharpening stone used by shoemakers and other workers in leather.

SHOE Shoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shod; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoeing.] Etym: [AS. sc, sce. See Shoe, n.]

1. To furnish with a shoe or shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; as, to shoe a horse, a sled, an anchor.

2. To protect or ornament with something which serves the purpose of a shoe; to tip. The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is shod with brass or silver. Evelyn.

SHOEBILL
Shoe"bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large African wading bird (Balæniceps rex) allied to the storks and herons, and remarkable for its enormous broad swollen bill. It inhabits the valley of the White Nile. See Illust. (l.) of Beak.

SHOEBLACK
Shoe"black`, n.

Defn: One who polishes shoes.

SHOEFLY
Shoe"fly`, n.

1. (Railroading) A contrivance for throwing the track temporarily to one side for convenience in filling washouts or effecting other repairs. [Cant, U. S.]

2. (Print.) In some cylinder presses, a device with long fingers for freeing the sheet from the cylinder.

SHOEHORN; SHOEING-HORN
Shoe"horn`, Shoe"ing-horn`, n.

1. A curved piece of polished horn, wood, or metal used to facilitate the entrance of the foot into a shoe.

2. Figuratively: (a) Anything by which a transaction is facilitated; a medium; — by way of contempt. Spectator. (b) Anything which draws on or allures; an inducement. [Low] Beau & Fl.

SHOELESS
Shoe"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of shoes. Addison.

SHOEMAKER
Shoe"mak`er, n.

1. One whose occupation it is to make shoes and boots.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The threadfish. (b) The runner, 12.

SHOEMAKING
Shoe"mak`ing, n.

Defn: The business of a shoemaker.

SHOER
Sho"er, n.

Defn: One who fits shoes to the feet; one who furnishes or puts on shoes; as, a shoer of horses.

SHOG
Shog, n. Etym: [See Shock a striking.]

Defn: A shock; a jog; a violent concussion or impulse. [R. or Scot.]

SHOG
Shog, v. t.

Defn: To shake; to shock. [R. or Scot.]

SHOG
Shog, v. i. Etym: [Cf. W. ysgogi to wag, to stir. Cf. Jog.]

Defn: To jog; to move on. [R. or Scot.] Beau & Fl.

SHOGGLE
Shog"gle, v. t. Etym: [See Shog, Joggle.]

Defn: To joggle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Pegge.

SHOGUN
Sho"gun, n. Etym: [Chin. tsiang kiÜn commander in chief.]

Defn: A title originally conferred by the Mikado on the military governor of the eastern provinces of Japan. By gradual usurpation of power the Shoguns (known to foreigners as Tycoons) became finally the virtual rulers of Japan. The title was abolished in 1867. [Written variously, Shiogun, Shiogoon, etc.]

SHOGUNATE
Sho*gun"ate, n.

Defn: The office or dignity of a Shogun. [Written also Siogoonate.]

SHOLA
Sho"la, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Sola.

SHOLE
Shole, n.

Defn: A plank fixed beneath an object, as beneath the rudder of a vessel, to protect it from injury; a plank on the ground under the end of a shore or the like.

SHOLE
Shole, n.

Defn: See Shoal. [Obs.]

SHONDE
Shonde, n. Etym: [AS. sceond. Cf. Shend.]

Defn: Harm; disgrace; shame. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SHONE
Shone,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Shine.

SHOO
Shoo, interj. Etym: [Cf. G. scheuchen to scare, drive away.]

Defn: Begone; away; — an expression used in frightening away animals, especially fowls.

SHOOI
Sho"oi, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Richardson's skua (Stercorarius parasiticus);- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

SHOOK
Shook,

Defn: imp. & obs. or poet. p. p. of Shake.

SHOOK Shook, n. Etym: [Cf. Shock a bundle of sheaves.] (Com.) (a) A set of staves and headings sufficient in number for one hogshead, cask, barrel, or the like, trimmed, and bound together in compact form. (b) A set of boards for a sugar box. (c) The parts of a piece of house furniture, as a bedstead, packed together.

SHOOK
Shook, v. t.

Defn: To pack, as staves, in a shook.

SHOON
Shoon, n.,

Defn: pl. of Shoe. [Archaic] Chaucer.
They shook the snow from hats and shoon. Emerson.

SHOOP
Shoop, obs.

Defn: imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

SHOOT Shoot, n. Etym: [F. chute. See Chute. Confused with shoot to let fly.]

Defn: An inclined plane, either artificial or natural, down which timber, coal, etc., are caused to slide; also, a narrow passage, either natural or artificial, in a stream, where the water rushes rapidly; esp., a channel, having a swift current, connecting the ends of a bend in the stream, so as to shorten the course. [Written also chute, and shute.] [U. S.] To take a shoot, to pass through a shoot instead of the main channel; to take the most direct course. [U.S.]

SHOOT Shoot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shot; p. pr. & vb. n. Shooting. The old participle Shotten is obsolete. See Shotten.] Etym: [OE. shotien, schotien, AS. scotian, v. i., sceótan; akin to D. schieten, G. schie, OHG. sciozan, Icel. skj, Sw. skjuta, Dan. skyde; cf. Skr. skund to jump. sq. root159. Cf. Scot a contribution, Scout to reject, Scud, Scuttle, v. i., Shot, Sheet, Shut, Shuttle, Skittish, Skittles.]

1. To let fly, or cause to be driven, with force, as an arrow or a bullet; — followed by a word denoting the missile, as an object. If you please To shoot an arrow that self way. Shak.

2. To discharge, causing a missile to be driven forth; — followed by a word denoting the weapon or instrument, as an object; — often with off; as, to shoot a gun. The two ends od a bow, shot off, fly from one another. Boyle.

3. To strike with anything shot; to hit with a missile; often, to kill or wound with a firearm; — followed by a word denoting the person or thing hit, as an object. When Roger shot the hawk hovering over his master's dove house. A. Tucker.

4. To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit. An honest weaver as ever shot shuttle. Beau & Fl. A pit into which the dead carts had nightly shot corpses by scores. Macaulay.

5. To push or thrust forward; to project; to protrude; — often with out; as, a plant shoots out a bud. They shoot out the lip, they shake the head. Ps. xxii. 7. Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting. Dryden.

6. (Carp.)

Defn: To plane straight; to fit by planing. Two pieces of wood that are shot, that is, planed or else pared with a paring chisel. Moxon.

7. To pass rapidly through, over, or under; as, to shoot a rapid or a bridge; to shoot a sand bar. She . . . shoots the Stygian sound. Dryden.

8. To variegate as if by sprinkling or intermingling; to color in spots or patches. The tangled water courses slept, Shot over with purple, and green, and yellow. Tennyson. To be shot of, to be discharged, cleared, or rid of. [Colloq.] "Are you not glad to be shot of him" Sir W. Scott.

SHOOT
Shoot, v. i.

1. To cause an engine or weapon to discharge a missile; — said of a person or an agent; as, they shot at a target; he shoots better than he rides. The archers have . . . shot at him. Gen. xlix. 23.

2. To discharge a missile; — said of an engine or instrument; as, the gun shoots well.

3. To be shot or propelled forcibly; — said of a missile; to be emitted or driven; to move or extend swiftly, as if propelled; as, a shooting star. There shot a streaming lamp along the sky. Dryden.

4. To penetrate, as a missile; to dart with a piercing sensation; as, shooting pains. Thy words shoot through my heart. Addison.

5. To feel a quick, darting pain; to throb in pain. These preachers make His head to shoot and ache. Herbert.

6. To germinate; to bud; to sprout. Onions, as they hang, will shoot forth. Bacon. But the wild olive shoots, and shades the ungrateful plain. Dryden.

7. To grow; to advance; as, to shoot up rapidly. Well shot in years he seemed. Spenser. Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, To teach the young idea how to shoot. Thomson.

8. To change form suddenly; especially, to solidify. If the menstruum be overcharged, metals will shoot into crystals. Bacon.

9. To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend; as, the land shoots
into a promontory.
There shot up against the dark sky, tall, gaunt, straggling houses.
Dickens.

10. (Naut.)

Defn: To move ahead by force of momentum, as a sailing vessel when the helm is put hard alee. To shoot ahead, to pass or move quickly forward; to outstrip others.

SHOOT
Shoot, n.

1. The act of shooting; the discharge of a missile; a shot; as, the
shoot of a shuttle.
The Turkish bow giveth a very forcible shoot. Bacon.
One underneath his horse to get a shoot doth stalk. Drayton.

2. A young branch or growth. Superfluous branches and shoots of this second spring. Evelyn.

3. A rush of water; a rapid.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A vein of ore running in the same general direction as the lode. Knight.

5. (Weaving)

Defn: A weft thread shot through the shed by the shuttle; a pick.

6. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A shoat; a young hog.

SHOOTER
Shoot"er, n.

1. One who shoots, as an archer or a gunner.

2. That which shoots. Specifically: (a) A firearm; as, a five-shooter. [Colloq. U.S.] (b) A shooting star. [R.]

SHOOTING
Shoot"ing, n.

1. The act of one who, or that which, shoots; as, the shooting of an archery club; the shooting of rays of light.

2. A wounding or killing with a firearm; specifically (Sporting), the killing of game; as, a week of shooting.

3. A sensation of darting pain; as, a shooting in one's head.

SHOOTING
Shoot"ing, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to shooting; for shooting; darting. Shooting board (Joinery), a fixture used in planing or shooting the edge of a board, by means of which the plane is guided and the board held true. — Shooting box, a small house in the country for use in the shooting season. Prof. Wilson. — Shooting gallery, a range, usually covered, with targets for practice with firearms. — Shooting iron, a firearm. [Slang, U.S.] — Shooting star. (a) (Astron.) A starlike, luminous meteor, that, appearing suddenly, darts quickly across some portion of the sky, and then as suddenly disappears, leaving sometimes, for a few seconds, a luminous train, - - called also falling star. Shooting stars are small cosmical bodies which encounter the earth in its annual revolution, and which become visible by coming with planetary velocity into the upper regions of the atmosphere. At certain periods, as on the 13th of November and 10th of August, they appear for a few hours in great numbers, apparently diverging from some point in the heavens, such displays being known as meteoric showers, or star showers. These bodies, before encountering the earth, were moving in orbits closely allied to the orbits of comets. See Leonids, Perseids. (b) (Bot.) The American cowslip (Dodecatheon Meadia). See under Cowslip. — Shooting stick (Print.), a tapering piece of wood or iron, used by printers to drive up the quoins in the chase. Hansard.

SHOOTY
Shoot"y, a.

Defn: Sprouting or coming up freely and regularly. [Prev. Eng.]
Grose.

SHOP
Shop, obs.

Defn: imp. of Shape. Shaped. Chaucer.

SHOP Shop, n. Etym: [OE. shoppe, schoppe, AS. sceoppa a treasury, a storehouse, stall, booth; akin to scypen a shed, LG. schup a shed, G. schoppen, schuppen, a shed, a coachhouse, OHG. scopf.]

1. A building or an apartment in which goods, wares, drugs, etc., are sold by retail. From shop to shop Wandering, and littering with unfolded silks The polished counter. Cowper.

2. A building in which mechanics or artisans work; as, a shoe shop; a car shop. A tailor called me in his shop. Shak.

Note: Shop is often used adjectively or in composition; as, shop rent, or shop-rent; shop thief, or shop-thief; shop window, or shop- window, etc. To smell of the shop, to indicate too distinctively one's occupation or profession. — To talk shop, to make one's business the topic of social conversation; also, to use the phrases peculiar to one's employment. [Colloq.]

Syn.
— Store; warehouse. See Store.

SHOP
Shop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Shopping.]

Defn: To visit shops for the purpose of purchasing goods.
He was engaged with his mother and some ladies to go shopping. Byron.

SHOPBOARD
Shop"board`, n.

Defn: A bench or board on which work is performed; a workbench.
South.

SHOPBOOK
Shop"book`, n.

Defn: A book in which a tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke.

SHOPBOY
Shop"boy`, n.

Defn: A boy employed in a shop.

SHOPEN
Sho"pen, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shape. Chaucer.

SHOPGIRL
Shop"girl`, n.

Defn: A girl employed in a shop.

SHOPKEEPER
Shop"keep`er, n.

Defn: A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail; — in distinction from one who sells by wholesale. Addison.

SHOPLIFTER
Shop"lift`er, n. Etym: [Shop + lift. See Lift to steal.]

Defn: One who steals anything in a shop, or takes goods privately from a shop; one who, under pretense of buying goods, takes occasion to steal.

SHOPLIFTING
Shop"lift`ing, n.

Defn: Larceny committed in a shop; the stealing of anything from a shop.

SHOPLIKE
Shop"like`, a.

Defn: Suiting a shop; vulgar. B. Jonson.

SHOPMAID
Shop"maid`, n.

Defn: A shopgirl.

SHOPMAN
Shop"man, n.; pl. Shopmen (.

1. A shopkeeper; a retailer. Dryden.

2. One who serves in a shop; a salesman.

3. One who works in a shop or a factory.

SHOPPER
Shop"per, n.

Defn: One who shops.

SHOPPISH
Shop"pish, a.

Defn: Having the appearance or qualities of a shopkeeper, or shopman.

SHOPPY
Shop"py, a.

1. Abounding with shops. [Colloq.]

2. Of or pertaining to shops, or one's own shop or business; as, shoppy talk. [Colloq.] Mrs. Gaskell.

SHOPSHIFT
Shop"shift`, n.

Defn: The trick of a shopkeeper; deception. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SHOPWALKER
Shop"walk`er, n.

Defn: One who walks about in a shop as an overseer and director. Cf.
Floorwalker.

SHOPWOMAN
Shop"wom`an, n.; pl. Shopwomen (.

Defn: A woman employed in a shop.

SHOPWORN
Shop"worn`, a.

Defn: Somewhat worn or damaged by having been kept for a time in a shop.

SHORAGE
Shor"age, n.

Defn: Duty paid for goods brought on shore. Grabb.

SHORE
Shore,

Defn: imp. of Shear. Chaucer.

SHORE
Shore, n.

Defn: A sewer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

SHORE Shore, n. Etym: [OE. schore; akin to LG. schore, D. schoor, OD. schoore, Icel. skor, and perhaps to E. shear, as being a piece cut off.]

Defn: A prop, as a timber, placed as a brace or support against the side of a building or other structure; a prop placed beneath anything, as a beam, to prevent it from sinking or sagging. [Written also shoar.]

SHORE
Shore, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shored; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoring.] Etym:
[OE. schoren. See Shore a prop.]

Defn: To support by a shore or shores; to prop; — usually with up; as, to shore up a building.

SHORE Shore, n. Etym: [OE. schore, AS. score, probably fr. scieran, and so meaning properly, that which is shorn off, edge; akin to OD. schoore, schoor. See Shear, v. t.]

Defn: The coast or land adjacent to a large body of water, as an ocean, lake, or large river. Michael Cassio, Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello, Is come shore. Shak. The fruitful shore of muddy Nile. Spenser. In shore, near the shore. Marryat. — On shore. See under On. — Shore birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for the various limicoline birds found on the seashore. — Shore crab (Zoöl.), any crab found on the beaches, or between tides, especially any one of various species of grapsoid crabs, as Heterograpsus nudus of California. — Shore lark (Zoöl.), a small American lark (Otocoris alpestris) found in winter, both on the seacoast and on the Western plains. Its upper parts are varied with dark brown and light brown. It has a yellow throat, yellow local streaks, a black crescent on its breast, a black streak below each eye, and two small black erectile ear tufts. Called also horned lark. — Shore plover (Zoöl.), a large-billed Australian plover (Esacus magnirostris). It lives on the seashore, and feeds on crustaceans, etc. — Shore teetan (Zoöl.), the rock pipit (Anthus obscurus). [Prov. Eng.]

SHORE
Shore, v. t.

Defn: To set on shore. [Obs.] Shak.

SHORELESS
Shore"less, a.

Defn: Having no shore or coast; of indefinite or unlimited extent; as, a shoreless ocean. Young.

SHORELING
Shore"ling, n.

Defn: See Shorling.

SHORER
Shor"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shores or props; a prop; a shore.

SHOREWARD
Shore"ward, adv.

Defn: Toward the shore.

SHORING
Shor"ing, n.

1. The act of supporting or strengthening with a prop or shore.

2. A system of props; props, collectively.

SHORL; SHORLACEOUS
Shorl, n., Shor*la"ceous (,a. (Min.)

Defn: See Schorl, Schorlaceous.

SHORLING
Shor"ling, n.

1. The skin of a sheen after the fleece is shorn off, as distinct from the morling, or skin taken from the dead sheep; also, a sheep of the first year's shearing. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A person who is shorn; a shaveling; hence, in contempt, a priest. [Obs.] Halliwell.

SHORN
Shorn (,

Defn: p. p. of Shear.

SHORT Short, a. [Compar. Shorter; superl. Shortest.] Etym: [OE. short, schort, AS. scort, sceort; akin to OHG. scurz, Icel. skorta to be short of, to lack, and perhaps to E. shear, v. t. Cf. Shirt.]

1. Not long; having brief length or linear extension; as, a short distance; a short piece of timber; a short flight. The bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it. Isa. xxviii. 20.

2. Not extended in time; having very limited duration; not protracted; as, short breath. The life so short, the craft so long to learn. Chaucer. To short absense I could yield. Milton.

3. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty; as, a short supply of provisions, or of water.

4. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking; not coming up to a resonable, or the ordinary, standard; — usually with of; as, to be short of money. We shall be short in our provision. Shak.

5. Deficient; defective; imperfect; not coming up, as to a measure or standard; as, an account which is short of the trith.

6. Not distant in time; near at hand. Marinell was sore offended That his departure thence should be so short. Spenser. He commanded those who were appointed to attend him to be ready by a short day. Clarendon.

7. Limited in intellectual power or grasp; not comprehensive; narrow;
not tenacious, as memory.
Their own short understandings reach No farther than the present.
Rowe.

8. Less important, efficaceous, or powerful; not equal or equivalent;
less (than); — with of.
Hardly anything short of an invasion could rouse them again to war.
Landor.

9. Abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant; as, he gave a short answer to the question.

10. (Cookery)

Defn: Breaking or crumbling readily in the mouth; crisp; as, short pastry.

11. (Metal)

Defn: Brittle.

Note: Metals that are brittle when hot are called ; as, cast iron may be hot-short, owing to the presence of sulphur. Those that are brittle when cold are called cold-short; as, cast iron may be cold- short, on account of the presence of phosphorus.

12. (Stock Exchange)

Defn: Engaging or engaged to deliver what is not possessed; as, short contracts; to be short of stock. See The shorts, under Short, n., and To sell short, under Short, adv.

Note: In mercantile transactions, a note or bill is sometimes made payable at short sight, that is, in a little time after being presented to the payer.

13. (Phon.)

Defn: Not prolonged, or relatively less prolonged, in utterance; — opposed to long, and applied to vowels or to syllables. In English, the long and short of the same letter are not, in most cases, the long and short of the same sound; thus, the i in ill is the short sound, not of i in isle, but of ee in eel, and the e in pet is the short sound of a in pate, etc. See Quantity, and Guide to Pronunciation, §§22, 30.

Note: Short is much used with participles to form numerous self- explaining compounds; as, short-armed, short-billed, short-fingered, short-haired, short-necked, short-sleeved, short-tailed, short- winged, short-wooled, etc. At short notice, in a brief time; promptly. — Short rib (Anat.), one of the false ribs. — Short suit (Whist), any suit having only three cards, or less than three. R. A. Proctor. — To come short, To cut short, To fall short, etc. See under Come, Cut, etc.

SHORT
Short, n.

1. A summary account. The short and the long is, our play is preferred. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The part of milled grain sifted out which is next finer than
the bran.
The first remove above bran is shorts. Halliwell.

3. pl.

Defn: Short, inferior hemp.

4. pl.

Defn: Breeches; shortclothes. [Slang] Dickens.

5. (Phonetics)

Defn: A short sound, syllable, or vowel. If we compare the nearest conventional shorts and longs in English, as in "bit" and "beat," "not" and "naught," we find that the short vowels are generally wide, the long narrow, besides being generally diphthongic as well. Hence, originally short vowels can be lengthened and yet kept quite distinct from the original longs. H. Sweet. In short, in few words; in brief; briefly. — The long and the short, the whole; a brief summing up. — The shorts (Stock Exchange), those who are unsupplied with stocks which they contracted to deliver.

SHORT
Short, adv.

Defn: In a short manner; briefly; limitedly; abruptly; quickly; as, to stop short in one's course; to turn short. He was taken up very short, and adjudged corrigible for such presumptuous language. Howell. To sell short (Stock Exchange), to sell, for future delivery, what the party selling does not own, but hopes to buy at a lower rate.

SHORT
Short, v. t. Etym: [AS. sceortian.]

Defn: To shorten. [Obs.]

SHORT
Short, v. i.

Defn: To fail; to decrease. [Obs.]

SHORTAGE
Short"age, n.

Defn: Amount or extent of deficiency, as determined by some requirement or standard; as, a shortage in money accounts.

SHORT-BREATHED
Short"-breathed`, a.

1. Having short-breath, or quick respiration.

2. Having short life.

SHORTCAKE
Short"cake`, n.

Defn: An unsweetened breakfast cake shortened with butter or lard, rolled thin, and baked.

SHORT CIRCUIT
Short" cir"cuit. (Elec.)

Defn: A circuit formed or closed by a conductor of relatively low resistance because shorter or of relatively great conductivity.

SHORT-CIRCUIT
Short"-cir`cuit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Short-circuited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Short-circuiting.] (Elec.)

Defn: To join, as the electrodes of a battery or dynamo or any two points of a circuit, by a conductor of low resistance.

SHORTCLOTHES
Short"clothes`, n.

Defn: Coverings for the legs of men or boys, consisting of trousers which reach only to the knees, — worn with long stockings.

SHORTCOMING
Short"com`ing, n.

Defn: The act of falling, or coming short; as: (a) The failure of a crop, or the like. (b) Neglect of, or failure in, performance of duty.

SHORT-DATED
Short"-dat`ed, a.

Defn: Having little time to run from the date. "Thy short-dated life." Sandys.

SHORTEN
Short"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shortened ; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shortening.] Etym: [See Short, a.]

1. To make short or shorter in measure, extent, or time; as, to shorten distance; to shorten a road; to shorten days of calamity.

2. To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen; to abridge; to curtail; to contract; as, to shorten work, an allowance of food, etc. Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain. Dryden.

3. To make deficient (as to); to deprive; — with of. Spoiled of his nose, and shortened of his ears. Dryden.

4. To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, pot liquor, or the like. To shorten a rope (Naut.), to take in the slack of it. — To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce sail by taking it in.

SHORTEN
Short"en, v. i.

Defn: To become short or shorter; as, the day shortens in northern latitudes from June to December; a metallic rod shortens by cold.

SHORTENER
Short"en*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, shortens.

SHORTENING
Short"en*ing, n.

1. The act of making or becoming short or shorter.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: That which renders pastry short or friable, as butter, lard, etc.

SHORTHAND
Short"hand`, n.

Defn: A compendious and rapid method or writing by substituting characters, abbreviations, or symbols, for letters, words, etc.; short writing; stenography. See Illust. under Phonography.

SHORT-HANDED
Short`-hand"ed, a.

Defn: Short of, or lacking the regular number of, servants or helpers.

SHORTHEAD
Short"head`, n.

Defn: A sucking whale less than one year old; — so called by sailors.

SHORTHORN
Short"horn`, a.

Defn: One of a breed of large, heavy domestic cattle having short horns. The breed was developed in England.

SHORT-JOINTED
Short"-joint`ed, a.

Defn: Having short intervals between the joints; — said of a plant or an animal, especially of a horse whose pastern is too short.

SHORT-LIVED
Short"-lived`, a.

Defn: Not living or lasting long; being of short continuance; as, a short-lived race of beings; short-lived pleasure; short-lived passion.

SHORTLY
Short"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. sceortlice.]

1. In a short or brief time or manner; soon; quickly. Chaucer. I shall grow jealous of you shortly. Shak. The armies came shortly in view of each other. Clarendon.

2. In few words; briefly; abruptly; curtly; as, to express ideas more shortly in verse than in prose.

SHORTNESS
Short"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being short; want of reach or extension; brevity; deficiency; as, the shortness of a journey; the shortness of the days in winter; the shortness of an essay; the shortness of the memory; a shortness of provisions; shortness of breath.

SHORTSIGHTED
Short"sight`ed, a.

1. Not able to see far; nearsighted; myopic. See Myopic, and Myopia.

2. Fig.: Not able to look far into futurity; unable to understand things deep; of limited intellect.

3. Having little regard for the future; heedless.
— Short"sight`ed*ly, adv.
— Short"sight`ed*ness, n.
Cunning is a kind of shortsightedness. Addison.

SHORT-SPOKEN
Short"-spo`ken, a.

Defn: Speaking in a quick or short manner; hence, gruff; curt.
[Colloq.]

SHORTSTOP
Short"stop`, n. (Baseball)

Defn: The player stationed in the field bewtween the second and third bases.

SHORT-WAISTED
Short"-waist`ed, a.

Defn: Having a short waist.

SHORT-WINDED
Short"-wind`ed, a.

Defn: Affected with shortness of breath; having a quick, difficult respiration, as dyspnoic and asthmatic persons. May.

SHORTWING
Short"wing`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of small wrenlike Asiatic birds having short wings and a short tail. They belong to Brachypterix, Callene, and allied genera.

SHORT-WITED
Short"-wit`ed, a.

Defn: Having little wit; not wise; having scanty intellect or judgment.

SHORY
Shor"y, a.

Defn: Lying near the shore. [Obs.]

SHOSHONES
Sho*sho"nes, n. pl.; sing. Shoshone (. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A linguistic family or stock of North American Indians,
comprising many tribes, which extends from Montana and Idaho into
Mexico. In a restricted sense the name is applied especially to the
Snakes, the most northern of the tribes.

SHOT
Shot,

Defn: imp. & p. p. Shoot.

SHOT
Shot, a.

Defn: Woven in such a way as to produce an effect of variegation, of changeable tints, or of being figured; as, shot silks. See Shoot, v. t., 8.

SHOT Shot, n. Etym: [AS. scot, sceot, fr. sceótan to shoot; akin to D. sschot, Icel. skot. sq. root159. See Scot a share, Shoot, v. t., and cf. Shot a shooting.]

Defn: A share or proportion; a reckoning; a scot.
Here no shots are where all shares be. Chapman.
A man is never . . . welcome to a place till some certain shot be
paid and the hostess say "Welcome." Shak.

SHOT Shot, n.; pl. Shotor Shots. Etym: [OE. shot, schot, AS. gesceot a missile; akin to D. schot a shot, shoot, G. schuss, geschoss a missile, Icel. skot a throwing, a javelin, and E. shoot, v.t. sq. root159. See Shoot, and cf. Shot a share.]

1. The act of shooting; discharge of a firearm or other weapon which throws a missile. He caused twenty shot of his greatest cannon to be made at the king's army. Clarendon.

2. A missile weapon, particularly a ball or bullet; specifically, whatever is discharged as a projectile from firearms or cannon by the force of an explosive.

Note: Shot used in war is of various kinds, classified according to the material of which it is composed, into lead, wrought-iron, and cast-iron; according to form, into spherical and oblong; according to structure and modes of operation, into solid, hollow, and case. See Bar shot, Chain shot, etc., under Bar, Chain, etc.

3. Small globular masses of lead, of various sizes, — used chiefly for killing game; as, bird shot; buckshot.

4. The flight of a missile, or the distance which it is, or can be, thrown; as, the vessel was distant more than a cannon shot.

5. A marksman; one who practices shooting; as, an exellent shot. Shot belt, a belt having a pouch or compartment for carrying shot. — Shot cartridge, a cartridge containing powder and small shot, forming a charge for a shotgun. — Shot garland (Naut.), a wooden frame to contain shot, secured to the coamings and ledges round the hatchways of a ship. — Shot gauge, an instrument for measuring the diameter of round shot. Totten. — shot hole, a hole made by a shot or bullet discharged. — Shot locker (Naut.), a strongly framed compartment in the hold of a vessel, for containing shot. — Shot of a cable (Naut.), the splicing of two or more cables together, or the whole length of the cables thus united. — Shot prop (Naut.), a wooden prop covered with tarred hemp, to stop a hole made by the shot of an enemy in a ship's side. — Shot tower, a lofty tower for making shot, by dropping from its summit melted lead in slender streams. The lead forms spherical drops which cool in the descent, and are received in water or other liquid. — Shot window, a window projecting from the wall. Ritson, quoted by Halliwell, explains it as a window that opens and shuts; and Wodrow describes it as a window of shutters made of timber and a few inches of glass above them.

SHOT
Shot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shotting.]

Defn: To load with shot, as a gun. Totten.

SHOT-CLOG
Shot"-clog`, n.

Defn: A person tolerated only because he pays the shot, or reckoning,
for the rest of the company, otherwise a mere clog on them. [Old
Slang]
Thou common shot-clog, gull of all companies. Chapman.

SHOTE
Shote, n. Etym: [AS. sceóta a darting fish, a trout, fr. sceótan. See
Shoot, v. t.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish resembling the trout. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Garew.

2. Etym: [Perh. a different word.]

Defn: A young hog; a shoat.

SHOT-FREE
Shot"-free`, a.

Defn: Not to be injured by shot; shot-proof. [Obs.] Feltham.

SHOT-FREE
Shot"-free`, a.

Defn: Free from charge or expense; hence, unpunished; scot-free.
[Obs.] Shak.

SHOTGUN
Shot"gun`, n.

Defn: A light, smooth-bored gun, often double-barreled, especially designed for firing small shot at short range, and killing small game.

SHOT-PROOF
Shot"-proof`, a.

Defn: Impenetrable by shot.

SHOTS
Shots, n. pl.

Defn: The refuse of cattle taken from a drove. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

SHOT SAMPLES
Shot samples. (Metal.)

Defn: Samples taken for assay from a molten metallic mass pouring a portion into water, to granulate it.

SHOTTED
Shot"ted, a.

1. Loaded with shot.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Having a shot attached; as, a shotten suture.

SHOTTEN Shot"ten, n. Etym: [Properly p. p. of shoot; AS. scoten, sceoten, p. p. of sceótan.]

1. Having ejected the spawn; as, a shotten herring. Shak.

2. Shot out of its socket; dislocated, as a bone.

SHOUGH
Shough, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shockdog.

SHOUGH
Shough, interj.

Defn: See Shoo. Beau & Fl.

SHOULD
Should, imp. of Shall. Etym: [OE. sholde, shulde, scholde, schulde,
AS. scolde, sceolde. See Shall.]

Defn: Used as an auxiliary verb, to express a conditional or contingent act or state, or as a supposition of an actual fact; also, to express moral obligation (see Shall); e. g.: they should have come last week; if I should go; I should think you could go. "You have done that you should be sorry for." Shak.

Syn.
— See Ought.

SHOULDER Shoul"der, n. Etym: [OE. shulder, shuldre, schutder, AS. sculdor; akin to D. schoulder, G. schulter, OHG. scultarra, Dan. skulder, Sw. skuldra.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The joint, or the region of the joint, by which the fore limb is connected with the body or with the shoulder girdle; the projection formed by the bones and muscles about that joint.

2. The flesh and muscles connected with the shoulder joint; the upper part of the back; that part of the human frame on which it is most easy to carry a heavy burden; — often used in the plural. Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore The gates of Azza. Milton. Adown her shoulders fell her length of hair. Dryden.

3. Fig.: That which supports or sustains; support. In thy shoulder do I build my seat. Shak.

4. That which resembles a human shoulder, as any protuberance or projection from the body of a thing. The north western shoulder of the mountain. Sir W. Scott.

5. The upper joint of the fore leg and adjacent parts of an animal, dressed for market; as, a shoulder of mutton.

6. (Fort.)

Defn: The angle of a bastion included between the face and flank. See
Illust. of Bastion.

7. An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc., as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber, the part of the top of a type which projects beyond the base of the raised character, etc. Shoulder belt, a belt that passes across the shoulder. — Shoulder blade (Anat.), the flat bone of the shoulder, to which the humerus is articulated; the scapula. — Shoulder block (Naut.), a block with a projection, or shoulder, near the upper end, so that it can rest against a spar without jamming the rope. — Shoulder clapper, one who claps another on the shoulder, or who uses great familiarity. [Obs.] Shak. — Shoulder girdle. (Anat.) See Pectoral girdle, under Pectoral. — Shoulder knot, an ornamental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder; a kind of epaulet or braided ornament worn as part of a military uniform. — Shoulder-of-mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail carried on a boat's mast; — so called from its shape. — Shoulder slip, dislocation of the shoulder, or of the humerous. Swift. — Shoulder strap, a strap worn on or over the shoulder. Specifically (Mil. & Naval), a narrow strap worn on the shoulder of a commissioned officer, indicating, by a suitable device, the rank he holds in the service. See Illust. in App.

SHOULDER
Shoul"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shouldered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shouldering.]

1. To push or thrust with the shoulder; to push with violence; to jostle. As they the earth would shoulder from her seat. Spenser. Around her numberless the rabble flowed, Shouldering each other, crowding for a view. Rowe.

2. To take upon the shoulder or shoulders; as, to shoulder a basket; hence, to assume the burden or responsibility of; as, to shoulder blame; to shoulder a debt. As if Hercules Or burly Atlas shouldered up their state. Marston. Right shoulder arms (Mil.), a position in the Manual of Arms which the piece is placed on the right shoulder, with the lock plate up, and the muzzle elevated and inclined to the left, and held as in the illustration.

SHOULDERED
Shoul"dered, a.

Defn: Having shoulders; — used in composition; as, a broad- shouldered man. "He was short-shouldered." Chaucer.

SHOULDER-SHOTTEN
Shoul"der-shot`ten, a.

Defn: Sprained in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak.

SHOUT
Shout, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Shouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shouting.] Etym:
[OE. shouten, of unknown origin; perhaps akin to shoot; cf. Icel. sk,
sk, a taunt.]

Defn: To utter a sudden and loud outcry, as in joy, triumph, or
exultation, or to attract attention, to animate soldiers, etc.
Shouting of the men and women eke. Chaucer.
They shouted thrice: what was the last cry for Shak.
To shout at, to utter shouts at; to deride or revile with shouts.

SHOUT
Shout, v. t.

1. To utter with a shout; to cry; — sometimes with out; as, to shout, or to shout out, a man's name.

2. To treat with shouts or clamor. Bp. Hall.

SHOUT
Shout, n.

Defn: A loud burst of voice or voices; a vehement and sudden outcry, especially of a multitudes expressing joy, triumph, exultation, or animated courage. The Rhodians, seeing the enemy turn their backs, gave a great shout in derision. Knolles.

SHOUTER
Shout"er, n.

Defn: One who shouts.

SHOVE Shove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoved; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoving.] Etym: [OE. shoven, AS. scofian, fr. sc; akin to OFries. sk, D. schuiven, G. schieben, OHG. scioban, Icel. sk, sk, Sw. skuffa, Dan. skuffe, Goth. afskiuban to put away, cast away; cf. Skr. kshubh to become agitated, to quake, Lith. skubrus quick, skubinti to hasten. sq. root160. Cf. Sheaf a bundle of stalks, Scoop, Scuffle.]

1. To drive along by the direct and continuous application of strength; to push; especially, to push (a body) so as to make it move along the surface of another body; as, to shove a boat on the water; to shove a table across the floor.

2. To push along, aside, or away, in a careless or rude manner; to
jostle.
And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Milton.
He used to shove and elbow his fellow servants. Arbuthnot.

SHOVE
Shove, v. i.

1. To push or drive forward; to move onward by pushing or jostling.

2. To move off or along by an act pushing, as with an oar a pole used by one in a boat; sometimes with off. He grasped the oar,shoved from shore. Garth.

SHOVE
Shove, n.

Defn: The act of shoving; a forcible push.
I rested . . . and then gave the boat another shove. Swift.

Syn.
— See Thrust.

SHOVE
Shove, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

SHOVEBOARD; SHOVEGROAT
Shove"board`, Shove"groat`, n.

Defn: The same as Shovelboard.

SHOVEL
Shov"el, n. Etym: [OE. shovele, schovele, AS. scoft, sceoft; akin to
D. schoffel, G. schaufel, OHG. sc, Dan. skovl, Sw. skofvel, skyffel,
and to E. shove. sq. root160. See Shove, v. t.]

Defn: An implement consisting of a broad scoop, or more or less hollow blade, with a handle, used for lifting and throwing earth, coal, grain, or other loose substances. Shovel hat, a broad-brimmed hat, turned up at the sides, and projecting in front like a shovel, - - worn by some clergy of the English Church. [Colloq.] — Shovelspur (Zoöl.), a flat, horny process on the tarsus of some toads, — used in burrowing. — Steam shovel, a machine with a scoop or scoops, operated by a steam engine, for excavating earth, as in making railway cuttings.

SHOVEL
Shov"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shoveled or Shovelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shoveling or Shovelling.]

1. To take up and throw with a shovel; as, to shovel earth into a heap, or into a cart, or out of a pit.

2. To gather up as with a shovel.

SHOVELARD
Shov"el*ard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Shoveler. [Prov. Eng.]

SHOVELBILL
Shov"el*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The shoveler.

SHOVELBOARD
Shov"el*board`, n.

1. A board on which a game is played, by pushing or driving pieces of metal or money to reach certain marks; also, the game itself. Called also shuffleboard, shoveboard, shovegroat, shovelpenny.

2. A game played on board ship in which the aim is to shove or drive with a cue wooden disks into divisions chalked on the deck; — called also shuffleboard.

SHOVELER
Shov"el*er, n. Etym: [Also shoveller.]

1. One who, or that which, shovels.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A river duck (Spatula clypeata), native of Europe and America. It has a large bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head and neck are dark green. Called also broadbill, spoonbill, shovelbill, and maiden duck. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck (S. rhynchotis), is a similar species.

SHOVELFUL
Shov"el*ful, n.; pl. Shovelfuls (.

Defn: As much as a shovel will hold; enough to fill a shovel.

SHOVELHEAD
Shov"el*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shark (Sphryna tiburio) allied to the hammerhead, and native of the warmer parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans; — called also bonnet shark.

SHOVELNOSE Shov"el*nose`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The common sand shark. See under Snad. (b) A small California shark (Heptranchias maculatus), which is taken for its oil. (c) A Pacific Ocean shark (Hexanchus corinus). (d) A ganoid fish of the Sturgeon family (Scaphirhynchus platyrhynchus) of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers; — called also white sturgeon.

SHOVEL-NOSED
Shov"el-nosed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a broad, flat nose; as, the shovel-nosed duck, or shoveler.

SHOVEN
Shov"en, obs.

Defn: p. p. of Shove. Chaucer.

SHOW Show, v. t. [imp. Showed; p. p. Shown or Showed; p. pr. & vb. n. Showing. It is sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn, shewing.] Etym: [OE. schowen, shewen, schewen, shawen, AS. sceáwian, to look, see, view; akin to OS. scaw, OFries. skawia, D. schouwen, OHG. scouw, G. schauen, Dan. skue, Sw. sk, Icel. sko, Goth. usskawjan to waken, skuggwa a mirror, Icel. skuggy shade, shadow, L. cavere to be on one's guard, Gr. kavi wise. Cf. Caution, Scavenger, Sheen.]

1. To exhibit or present to view; to place in sight; to display; — the thing exhibited being the object, and often with an indirect object denoting the person or thing seeing or beholding; as, to show a house; show your colors; shopkeepers show customers goods (show goods to customers). Go thy way, shew thyself to the priest. Matt. viii. 4. Nor want we skill or art from whence to raise Magnificence; and what can heaven show more Milton.

2. To exhibit to the mental view; to tell; to disclose; to reveal; to make known; as, to show one's designs. Shew them the way wherein they must walk. Ex. xviii. 20. If it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away. 1 Sam. xx. 13.

3. Specifically, to make known the way to (a person); hence, to direct; to guide; to asher; to conduct; as, to show a person into a parlor; to show one to the door.

4. To make apparent or clear, as by evidence, testimony, or reasoning; to prove; to explain; also, to manifest; to evince; as, to show the truth of a statement; to show the causes of an event. I 'll show my duty by my timely care. Dryden.

5. To bestow; to confer; to afford; as, to show favor. Shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me. Ex. xx. 6. To show forth, to manifest; to publish; to proclaim. — To show his paces, to exhibit the gait, speed, or the like; — said especially of a horse. — To show off, to exhibit ostentatiously. — To show up, to expose. [Colloq.]

SHOW
Show, v. i. Etym: [Written also shew.]

1. To exhibit or manifest one's self or itself; to appear; to look; to be in appearance; to seem. Just such she shows before a rising storm. Dryden. All round a hedge upshoots, and shows At distance like a little wood. Tennyson.

2. To have a certain appearance, as well or ill, fit or unfit; to become or suit; to appear. My lord of York, it better showed with you. Shak. To show off, to make a show; to display one's self.

SHOW
Show, n. Etym: [Formerly written also shew.]

1. The act of showing, or bringing to view; exposure to sight; exhibition.

2. That which os shown, or brought to view; that which is arranged to be seen; a spectacle; an exhibition; as, a traveling show; a cattle show. As for triumphs, masks, feasts, and such shows. Bacon.

3. Proud or ostentatious display; parade; pomp. I envy none their pageantry and show. Young.

4. Semblance; likeness; appearance. He through the midst unmarked, In show plebeian angel militant Of lowest order, passed. Milton.

5. False semblance; deceitful appearance; pretense. Beware of the scribes, . . . which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers. Luke xx. 46. 47.

6. (Med.)

Defn: A discharge, from the vagina, of mucus streaked with blood, occuring a short time before labor.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A pale blue flame, at the top of a candle flame, indicating the presence of fire damp. Raymond. Show bill, a broad sheet containing an advertisement in large letters. — Show box, a box xontaining some object of curiosity carried round as a show. — Show card, an advertising placard; also, a card for displaying samples. — Show case, a gla — Show glass, a glass which displays objects; a mirror. — Show of hands, a raising of hands to indicate judgment; as, the vote was taken by a show of hands. — Show stone, a piece of glass or crystal supposed to have the property of exhibiting images of persons or things not present, indicating in that way future events.

SHOWBREAD
Show"bread`, n. (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: Bread of exhibition; loaves to set before God; — the term used in translating the various phrases used in the Hebrew and Greek to designate the loaves of bread which the priest of the week placed before the Lord on the golden table in the sanctuary. They were made of fine flour unleavened, and were changed every Sabbath. The loaves, twelve in number, represented the twelve tribes of Israel. They were to be eaten by the priests only, and in the Holy Place. [Written also shewbread.] Mark ii. 26.

SHOWER
Show"er, n.

1. One who shows or exhibits.

2. That which shows; a mirror. [Obs.] Wyclif.

SHOWER Show"er, n. Etym: [OE. shour, schour, AS. se; akin to D. schoer, G. schauer, OHG. sc, Icel. sk, Sw. skur, Goth. sk a storm of wind; of uncertain origin.]

1. A fall or rain or hail of short duration; sometimes, but rarely, a
like fall of snow.
In drought or else showers. Chaucer.
Or wet the thirsty earth with falling showers. Milton.

2. That which resembles a shower in falling or passing through the air copiously and rapidly. With showers of stones he drives them far away. Pope.

3. A copious supply bestowed. [R.] He and myself Have travail'd in the great shower of your gifts. Shak. Shower bath, a bath in which water is showered from above, and sometimes from the sides also.

SHOWER
Show"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Showered; p. pr. & vb. n. Showering.]

1. To water with a shower; to Lest it again dissolve and shower the earth. Milton.

2. To bestow liberally; to destribute or scatter in Shak. Cshowers down greatness on his friends. Addison.

SHOWER
Show"er, v. i.

Defn: To rain in showers; to fall, as in a hower or showers. Shak.

SHOWERFUL
Show"er*ful, a.

Defn: Full of showers. Tennyson.

SHOWERINESS
Show"er*i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being showery.

SHOWERLESS
Show"er*less, a.

Defn: Rainless; freo from showers.

SHOWERY
Show"er*y, a.

1. Raining in showers; abounding with frequent showers of rain.

2. Of or pertaining to a shower or showers. "Colors of the showery arch." Milton.

SHOWILY
Show"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a showy manner; pompously; with parade.

SHOWINESS
Show"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being showy; pompousness; great parade; ostentation.

SHOWING
Show"ing, n.

1. Appearance; display; exhibition.

2. Presentation of facts; statement. J. S. Mill.

SHOWISH
Show"ish, a.

Defn: Showy; ostentatious. Swift.

SHOWMAN
Show"man, n.; pl. Showmen.

Defn: One who exhibits a show; a proprietor of a show.

SHOWN
Shown,

Defn: p. p. of Show.

SHOWROOM
Show"room`, n.

Defn: A room or apartment where a show is exhibited.

2. A room where merchandise is exposed for sale, or where samples are displayed.

SHOWY
Show"y

Defn: , a. Etym: [Compar. Showier (; superl. Showiest.]

Defn: Making a show; attracting attention; presenting a marked appearance; ostentatious; gay; gaudy. A present of everything that was rich and showy. Addison.

Syn. — Splendid; gay; gaudy; gorgeous; fine; magnificent; grand; stately; sumptuous; pompous.

SHRAG
Shrag, n. Etym: [CF. Scrag.]

Defn: A twig of a tree cut off. [Obs.]

SHRAG
Shrag, v. t.

Defn: To trim, as trees; to lop. [Obs.]

SHRAGGER
Shrag"ger, n.

Defn: One who lops; one who trims trees. [Obs.] Huloet.

SHRAM
Shram, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Shrink.]

Defn: To cause to shrink or shrivel with cold; to benumb. [Prov.
Eng.]

SHRANK
Shrank,

Defn: imp. of Shrink.

SHRAP; SHRAPE
Shrap, Shrape, n. Etym: [Cf. Scrap, and Scrape.]

Defn: A place baited with chaff to entice birds. [Written also scrap.] [Obs.] Bp. Bedell.

SHRAPNEL
Shrap"nel, a.

Defn: Applied as an appellation to a kind of shell invented by Gen. H. Shrapnel of the British army. — n.

Defn: A shrapnel shell; shrapnel shells, collectively. Shrapnel shell (Gunnery), a projectile for a cannon, consisting of a shell filled with bullets and a small bursting charge to scatter them at any given point while in flight. See the Note under Case shot.

SHRED
Shred, n. Etym: [OE. shrede, schrede, AS. screáde; akin to OD.
schroode, G. schrot a piece cut off, Icel. skrjothr a shred, and to
E. shroud. Cf. Screed, Scroll, Scrutiny.]

1. A long, narrow piece cut or torn off; a strip. "Shreds of tanned leather." Bacon.

2. In general, a fragment; a piece; a particle. Shak.

SHRED
Shred, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shred or Shredded (; p. pr. & vb. n.
Shredding.] Etym: [OE. shreden, schreden, AS. screádian; akin to OD.
schrooden, OHG. scr, G. schroten. See Shred, n.]

1. To cut or tear into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces, as of cloth or leather. Chaucer.