Q (part 2)

RANA
Ra"na, n. Etym: [L., a frog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of anurous batrachians, including the common frogs.

RANAL
Ra"nal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants. Ranal alliance (Bot.), a name proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including Ranunculaceæ, Magnoliaceæ, Papaveraceæ, and others related to them.

RANCE
Rance, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. A prop or shore. [Scot.]

2. A round between the legs of a chair.

RANCESCENT Ran*ces"cent, a. Etym: [L. rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v. incho. from rancere to be rancid.]

Defn: Becoming rancid or sour.

RANCH
Ranch, v. t. [Written also raunch.] Etym: [Cf. Wrench.]

Defn: To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [R.] Dryden. "Hasting to raunch the arrow out." Spenser.

RANCH
Ranch, n. Etym: [See Rancho.]

Defn: A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses, cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U. S.]

RANCHERIA
Ran`che*ri"a, n. [Sp. rancheria.]

1. A dwelling place of a ranchero.

2. A small settlement or collection of ranchos, or rude huts, esp. for Indians. [Sp. Amer. & Southern U. S.]

3. Formerly, in the Philippines, a political division of the pagan tribes.

RANCHERO
Ran*che"ro, n.; pl. Rancheros. Etym: [Sp.] [Mexico & Western U. S.]

1. A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.

2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho.

RANCHMAN
Ranch"man, n.; pl. Ranchmen

Defn: An owner or occupant of, or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman.
[Western U. S.]

RANCHO
Ran"cho, n.; pl. Ranchos. Etym: [Sp., properly, a mess, mess room.
Cf. 2d Ranch.]

1. A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.

2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; — distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated farm or plantation. [Mexico & California] Bartlett.

RANCID
Ran"cid, a. Etym: [L. rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or rank.]

Defn: Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or decomposition; musty; as, rancid oil or butter.

RANCIDITY
Ran*cid"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rancidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil. Ure.

RANCIDLY
Ran"cid*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rancid manner.

RANCIDNESS
Ran"cid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being rancid.

RANCOR Ran"cor, n. [Written also rancour.] Etym: [OE. rancour, OF. rancor, rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or rancid.]

Defn: The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred. "To stint rancour and dissencioun." Chaucer. It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor, and malice of their tongues and hearts. Burke.

Syn. — Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity; malignity. — Rancor, Enmity. Enmity and rancor both describe hostile feelings; but enmity may be generous and open, while rancor implies personal malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our language to express hostile feelings. Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face I see thy fury. Shak. Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor. Cogan.

RANCOROUS
Ran"cor*ous, a. Etym: [OF. rancuros.]

Defn: Full of rancor; evincing, or caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; intensely virulent. So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire. Spenser.

RANCOROUSLY
Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rancorous manner.

RAND
Rand, n. Etym: [AS. rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. rand,
Icel. rönd, and probably to E. rind.]

1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort of steak. Beau. & Fl.

3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the heel.

RAND
Rand, v. i. Etym: [See Rant.]

Defn: To rant; to storm. [Obs.]
I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed. J. Webster.

RANDALL GRASS
Ran"dall grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: The meadow fescue (Festuca elatior). See under Grass.

RANDAN
Ran"dan, n.

Defn: The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran. [Prov. Eng.]

RANDAN
Ran"dan, n.

Defn: A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.

RANDING
Rand"ing, n.

1. (Shoemaking)

Defn: The act or process of making and applying rands for shoes.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A kind of basket work used in gabions.

RANDOM Ran"dom, n. Etym: [OE. randon, OF. randon force, violence, rapidity, a randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. rand edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield, akin to E. rand, n. See Rand, n.]

1. Force; violence. [Obs.] For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and force. E. Hall.

2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; — commonly used in the phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at hazard. Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily. Herrick. O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the archer little meant ! Sir W. Scott.

3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of a rifle ball. Sir K. Digby.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The direction of a rake-vein. Raymond.

RANDOM
Ran"dom, a.

Defn: Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess. Some random truths he can impart. Wordsworth. So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random. H. Spencer. Random courses (Masonry), courses of unequal thickness. — Random shot, a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. — Random work (Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds.

RANDOMLY
Ran"dom*ly, adv.

Defn: In a random manner.

RANDON
Ran"don, n.

Defn: Random. [Obs.] Spenser.

RANDON
Ran"don, v. i.

Defn: To go or stray at random. [Obs.]

RANEDEER
Rane"deer`, n.

Defn: See Reindeer. [Obs.]

RANEE
Ra"nee, n.

Defn: Same as Rani.

RANFORCE
Ran"force`, n. Etym: [Cf. F. renforcer.]

Defn: See Reënforce. [Obs.] Bailey.

RANG
Rang,

Defn: imp. of Ring, v. t. & i.

RANGE
Range, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranging.] Etym:
[OE. rengen, OF. rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc row, rank, F. rang; of
German origin. See Rane, n.]

1. To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; as, to range soldiers in line. Maccabeus ranged his army by hands. 2 Macc. xii. 20.

2. To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; — usually, reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party, etc. It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society. Burke.

3. To separate into parts; to sift. [Obs.] Holland.

4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange regularly; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species.

5. To rove over or through; as, to range the fields. Teach him to range the ditch, and force the brake. Gay.

6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range the coast.

Note: Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French ranger une côte.

7. (Biol.)

Defn: To be native to, or to live in; to frequent.

RANGE
Range, v. i.

1. To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam. Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he sees. Burton.

2. To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to horizontal distance; as, the temperature ranged through seventy degrees Fahrenheit; the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged four miles.

3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or classification; to rank. And range with humble livers in content. Shak.

4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; — often followed by with; as, the front of a house ranges with the street; to range along the coast. Which way the forests range. Dryden.

5. (Biol.)

Defn: To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region; as, the peba ranges from Texas to Paraguay.

Syn.
— To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.

RANGE
Range, n. Etym: [From Range, v.: cf. F. rangée.]

1. A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a range of buildings; a range of mountains.

2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a
class.
The next range of beings above him are the immaterial intelligences.
Sir M. Hale.

3. The step of a ladder; a rung. Clarendon.

4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.] He was bid at his first coming to take off the range, and let down the cinders. L'Estrange.

5. Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways

6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble; an expedition. He may take a range all the world over. South.

8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander and pasture.

9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; as, the range of one's voice, or authority. Far as creation's ample range extends. Pope. The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole circle of the arts. Bp. Fell. A man has not enough range of thought. Addison.

10. (Biol.)

Defn: The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives.

11. (Gun.) (a) The horizontal distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried. (b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a shot or projectile. (c) A place where shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.

12. In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of townships lying between two succession meridian lines six miles apart.

Note: The meridians included in each great survey are numbered in order east and west from the "principal meridian" of that survey, and the townships in the range are numbered north and south from the "base line," which runs east and west; as, township No. 6, N., range 7, W., from the fifth principal meridian.

13. (Naut.)

Defn: See Range of cable, below. Range of accommodation (Optics), the distance between the near point and the far point of distinct vision, — usually measured and designated by the strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if they came from the far point. — Range finder (Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus, variously constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible object, — used to determine what elevation must be given to a gun in order to hit the object; a position finder. — Range of cable (Naut.), a certain length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to letting go the anchor. — Range work (Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of the wall; — distinguished from broken range work, which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously of even height. — To get the range of (an object) (Gun.), to find the angle at which the piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying beyond.

RANGEMENT
Range"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rangement.]

Defn: Arrangement. [Obs.] Waterland.

RANGER
Ran"ger, n.

1. One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a roving robber.

2. That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve. [Obs.] "The tamis ranger." Holland.

3. A dog that beats the ground in search of game.

4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight on foot.

5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for the forest, etc. [Eng.]

RANGERSHIP
Ran"ger*ship, n.

Defn: The office of the keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.]

RANGLE
Ran"gle, v. i.

Defn: To range about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

RANGY
Ran"gy, a. [From Range, v. i.]

Defn: Inclined or able to range, or rove about, for considerable distances; apt or suited for much roving, —chiefly used of cattle.

RANI
Ra"ni, n. Etym: [Hind. rani, Skr. rajni. See Rajah.]

Defn: A queen or princess; the wife of a rajah. [Written also ranee.]
[India]

RANINE
Ra"nine, a. Etym: [L. rana a frog.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; — applied especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.

RANK Rank, a. [Compar. Ranker; superl. Rankest.] Etym: [AS. ranc strong, proud; cf. D. rank slender, Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been influenced by L. rancidus, E. rancid.]

1. Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height; as, rank grass; rank weeds. And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good. Gen. xli. 5.

2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; as, rank heresy. "Rank nonsense." Hare. "I do forgive thy rankest fault." Shak.

3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and fertile; as, rank land. Mortimer.

4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell; rank- smelling rue. Spenser.

5. Strong to the taste. "Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on which they feed." Boyle.

6. Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] Shak. Rank modus (Law), an excessive and unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3. — To set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank, to set so as to take off a thick shaving. Moxon.

RANK
Rank, adv.

Defn: Rankly; stoutly; violently. [Obs.]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell. Fairfax.

RANK Rank, n. Etym: [OE. renk, reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr. OHG. hring a circle, a circular row, G. ring. See Ring, and cf. Range, n. & v.]

1. A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of osiers. Many a mountain nigh Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still. Byron.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A line of soldiers ranged side by side; — opposed to file. See
1st File, 1 (a).
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, In ranks and squadrons
and right form of war. Shak.

3. Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; as, the rank of general; the rank of admiral.

4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders of men; the highest and the lowest ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings.

5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer of the first rank; a lawyer of high rank. These all are virtues of a meaner rank. Addison.

6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position; distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank. Rank and file. (a) (Mil.) The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting the noncommissioned staff. (b) See under 1st File. — The ranks, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a noncommissioned officer to the ranks. — To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a competent number. — To take rank of, to have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place than.pull rank, to insist on one's own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than that of one suggesting a different plan

RANK
Rank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranking,]

1. To place abreast, or in a line.

2. To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to classify. Ranking all things under general and special heads. I. Watts. Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers. Broome. Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft. Dr. H. More.

3. To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.]

RANK
Rank, v. i.

1. To be ranged; to be set or disposed, an in a particular degree, class, order, or division. Let that one article rank with the rest. Shak.

2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or consideration; as, he ranks with the first class of poets; he ranks high in public estimation.

RANKER
Rank"er, n.

Defn: One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.

RANKLE
Ran"kle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rankled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rankling.]
Etym: [From Rank, a.]

1. To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; — used literally and figuratively. A malady that burns and rankles inward. Rowe. This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people. Burke.

2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; — used literally and figuratively; as, a splinter rankles in the flesh; the words rankled in his bosom.

RANKLE
Ran"kle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

RANKLY
Rank"ly, adv.

Defn: With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely; grossly; as, weeds grow rankly.

RANKNESS
Rank"ness, n. Etym: [AS. rancness pride.]

Defn: The condition or quality of being rank.

RANNEL
Ran"nel, n.

Defn: A prostitute. [Obs.]

RANNY
Ran"ny, n. Etym: [L. araneus mus, a kind of small mouse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The erd shrew. [Scot.]

RANSACK Ran"sack, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransacked; p. pr. & vb. n. Ransacking.] Etym: [OE. ransaken, Icel, rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS. ræsn plank, beam) + the root of sækja to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Rest repose.]

1. To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to ransack a house. To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts. South.

2. To plunder; to pillage completely. Their vow is made To ransack Troy. Shak.

3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour. [Obs.] Rich spoil of ransacked chastity. Spenser.

RANSACK
Ran"sack, v. i.

Defn: To make a thorough search.
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead. Chaucer.

RANSACK
Ran"sack, n.

Defn: The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; pillage.
[R.]
Even your father's house Shall not be free fromransack. J. Webster.

RANSOM
Ran"som, n. Etym: [OE. raunson, raunsoun, OF. rançon, raençon,
raançon, F. rançon, fr. L. redemptio, fr. redimere to redeem. See
Redeem, and cf. Redemption.]

1. The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, prisoners hopeless of ransom. Dryden.

2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint, penalty, or forfeit. Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems. Milton. His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his liberty. Sir J. Davies/.

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment. Blackstone. Ransom bill (Law), a war contract, valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured at sea and its safe conduct into port. Kent.

RANSOM
Ran"som, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ransoming.]
Etym: [Cf. F. rançonner. See Ransom, n.]

1. To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.

2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on. [R.] Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a year. Berners.

RANSOMABLE
Ran"som*a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be ransomed.

RANSOMER
Ran"som*er, n.

Defn: One who ransoms or redeems.

RANSOMLESS
Ran"som*less, a.

Defn: Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom. Shak.

RANT
Rant, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranting.] Etym:
[OD. ranten, randen, to dote, to be enraged.]

Defn: To rave in violent, high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a ranting preacher. Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes! Shak.

RANT
Rant, n.

Defn: High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant of fanatics. This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man or reason of things. Atterbury.

RANTER
Rant"er, n.

1. A noisy talker; a raving declaimer.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; — called also Seekers. See Seeker. (b) One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in fervor and zeal; — so called in contempt.

RANTERISM
Rant"er*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The practice or tenets of the Ranters.

RANTINGLY
Rant"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ranting manner.

RANTIPOLE
Rant"i*pole, n. Etym: [Ranty + pole, poll, head.]

Defn: A wild, romping young person. [Low] Marrya

RANTIPOLE
Rant"i*pole, a.

Defn: Wild; roving; rakish. [Low]

RANTIPOLE
Rant"i*pole, v. i.

Defn: To act like a rantipole. [Low]
She used to rantipole about the house. Arbuthnot.

RANTISM
Rant"ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: Ranterism.

RANTY
Rant"y, a.

Defn: Wild; noisy; boisterous.

RANULA Ran"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of rana a frog.] (Med.)

Defn: A cyst formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the submaxillary gland.

RANUNCULACEOUS
Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous, a. Etym: [See Ranunculus.] (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Ranunculaceæ), of which the buttercup is the type, and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.

RANUNCULUS Ra*nun`cu*lus, n.; pl. E. Ranunculuses, L. Ranunculi. Etym: [L., a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of rana a frog; cf. raccare to roar.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (R. Asiaticus, R. aconitifolius, etc.) in which the flowers are double and of various colors.

RANZ DES VACHES Ranz" des` vaches". Etym: [F., the ranks or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]

Defn: The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the Alpine horn, and sometimes sung.

RAP
Rap, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A lay or skein containing 120 yards of yarn. Knight.

RAP
Rap, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Rapping.] Etym:
[Akin to Sw. rappa to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps of
imitative origin.]

Defn: To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on the door.

RAP
Rap, v. t.

1. To strike with a quick blow; to knock on. With one great peal they rap the door. Prior.

2. (Founding)

Defn: To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.

RAP
Rap, n.

Defn: A quick, smart blow; a knock.

RAP Rap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rapped, usually written Rapt; p. pr. & vb. n. Rapping.] Etym: [OE. rapen; akin to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G. raffen, Sw. rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste, and Icel. hrapa to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. rapere to seize. Cf. Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff, v., Ramp, v.]

1. To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt The whirring chariot.
Chapman.
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove.
Sir H. Wotton.

2. To hasten. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as, rapt into admiration. I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears. Addison. Rapt into future times, the bard begun. Pope.

4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Law] To rap and ren, To rap and rend. Etym: [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to hurry and ræna plunder, fr. ran plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to snatch by violence. Dryden. "[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and renne." Chaucer. All they could rap and rend pilfer. Hudibras. — To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath. A judge who rapped out a great oath. Addison.

RAP
Rap, n. Etym: [Perhaps contr. fr. raparee.]

Defn: A popular name for any of the tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value. Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps. Swift. Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a rap, save with her consent. Mrs. Alexander. Not to care a rap, to care nothing. — Not worth a rap, worth nothing.

RAPACES
Ra*pa"ces, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Rapacious.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Accipitres.

RAPACIOUS Rapa"cious, a. Etym: [L. rapax, -acis, from rapere to seize and carry off, to snatch away. See Rapid.]

1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; seizing by force. " The downfall of the rapacious and licentious Knights Templar." Motley.

2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by violence,; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird.

3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous; voracious; as, rapacious usurers; a rapacious appetite. [Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious claim Milton .

Syn.
— Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.
— Ra*pa"cious*ly, adv.
— Ra*pa"cious*ness, n.

RAPACITY
Ra*pac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rapacitas: cf. F. rapacite. See Rapacious.]

1. The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; as, the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of wolves.

2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain. "The rapacity of some ages." Sprat.

RAPAREE
Rap`a*ree", n.

Defn: See Rapparee.

RAPE
Rape (rap), n. Etym: [F. râpe a grape stalk.]

1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster. Ray.

2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must has been expressed in wine making.

3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc. Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed grapes.

RAPE
Rape, n. Etym: [Akin to rap to snatch, but confused with L. rapere.
See Rap to snatch.]

1. The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery. And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain. Sandys.

2. (Law)

Defn: Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See Age of consent, under Consent, n. statutory rape.

3. That which is snatched away. [Obs.] Where now are all my hopes O, never more. Shall they revive! nor death her rapes restore. Sandys.

4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.] rape of the land by mining companies.

RAPE
Rape, v. t.

Defn: To commit rape upon; to ravish. raped first by their assailant, and then by the Justice system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. To rape and ren. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch.

RAPE
Rape, v. i.

Defn: To rob; to pillage. [Obs.] Heywood.

RAPE Rape, n. Etym: [Icel. hreppr village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to catch, obtain, AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.]

Defn: One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire.

RAPE
Rape, n. Etym: [L. rapa, rapum, akin to Gr. rübe.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage birds.

Note: These plants, with the edible turnip, have been variously named, but are all now believed to be derived from the Brassica campestris of Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from the wild stock (B. oleracea) of the cabbage. See Cole. Broom rape. (Bot.) See Broom rape, in the Vocabulary. — Rape cake, the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the seed. — Rape root. Same as Rape. — Summer rape. (Bot.) See Colza.

RAPEFUL
Rape"ful, a.

1. Violent. [Obs.]

2. Given to the commission of rape. Byron.

RAPFULLY
Rap"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: Violently. [Obs.]

RAPHAELESQUE
Raph`a*el*esque", a.

Defn: Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.

RAPHAELISM
Raph"a*el*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian painter.

RAPHAELITE
Raph"a*el*ite, n.

Defn: One who advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.

RAPHANY
Raph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Cf. F. raphanie.] (Med.)

Defn: A convulsive disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism.

RAPHE
Ra"phe (ra"fe), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line; as, the raphe of the tongue.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rhaph.

RAPHIDES
Raph"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [F. raphide.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Rhaphides.

RAPID Rap"id, a. Etym: [L. rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. rapide. Cf. Harpy, Ravish.]

1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion. Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels. Milton.

2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid recurrence; rapid succession.

3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman.

RAPID
Rap"id, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rapide. See Rapid, a.]

Defn: The part of a river where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall or cascade; — usually in the plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence. Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast, The rapids are near, and the daylight's past. Moore.

RAPID-FIRE; RAPID-FIRING Rap"id-fire`, Rap"id-fir`ing, a. (a) (Gun.) Firing shots in rapid succession. (b) (Ordnance) Capable of being fired rapidly; — applied to single- barreled guns of greater caliber than small arms, mounted so as to be quickly trained and elevated, with a quick-acting breech mechanism operated by a single motion of a crank or lever (abbr. R. F.); specif.: (1)

Defn: In the United States navy, designating such a gun using fixed ammunition or metallic cartridge cases; — distinguished from breech- loading (abbr. B. L.), applied to all guns loading with the charge in bags, and formerly from quick-fire. Rapid-fire guns in the navy also sometimes include automatic or semiautomatic rapid-fire guns; the former being automatic guns of not less than one inch caliber, firing a shell of not less than one pound weight, the explosion of each cartridge operating the mechanism for ejecting the empty shell, loading, and firing the next shot, the latter being guns that require one operation of the hand at each discharge, to load the gun. (2)

Defn: In the United States army, designating such a gun, whether using fixed or separate ammunition, designed chiefly for use in coast batteries against torpedo vessels and the lightly armored batteries or other war vessels and for the protection of defensive mine fields; — not distinguished from quick-fire. (3)

Defn: In Great Britain and Europe used, rarely, as synonymous with quick-fire.

RAPID-FIRE MOUNT
Rapid-fire mount. (Ordnance)

Defn: A mount permitting easy and quick elevation or depression and training of the gun, and fitting with a device for taking up the recoil.

RAPIDITY
Ra*pid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rapiditas: cf. F. rapidité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity; velocity; as, the rapidity of growth or improvement.

Syn. — — Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity; swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.

RAPIDLY
Rap"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rapid manner.

RAPIDNESS
Rap"id*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being rapid; rapidity.

RAPIER Ra"pi*er, n. Etym: [F. rapière, perhaps for raspière, and ultimately of German origin, akin to E. rasp, v.]

Defn: A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed blade, used only for thrusting. Rapier fish (Zoöl.), the swordfish. [Obs.] Grew.

RAPIERED
Ra"pi*ered, a.

Defn: Wearing a rapier. "Scarletcoated, rapiered figures." Lowell.

RAPILLI
Ra*pil"li, n. pl. Etym: [It.] (Min.)

Defn: Lapilli.

RAPINE Rap"ine, n. Etym: [F. rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L. rapina, fr. rapere to seize and carry off by force. See Rapid, and cf. Raven rapine.]

1. The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation; pillage; plunder. Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of rapine as by the desire of glory. Macaulay.

2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Shak.

RAPINE
Rap"ine, v. t.

Defn: To plunder. Sir G. Buck.

RAPINOUS
Rap"i*nous, a.

Defn: Given to rapine. [Obs.]

RAPPAGE
Rap"page, n. (Founding)

Defn: The enlargement of a molt caused by rapping the pattern.

RAPPAREE
Rap`pa*ree", n.

Defn: A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; — so called from his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary. [Written also raparee.]

RAPPED
Rapped (râpt),

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rap, to strike.

RAPPED
Rapped,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.

RAPPEE Rap*pee", n. Etym: [F. râpé, fr. râper to grate, to rasp. See Rasp, v.]

Defn: A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco leaves.

RAPPEL
Rap"pel, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Repeal.] (Mil.)

Defn: The beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms.

RAPPER
Rap"per, n. Etym: [From Rap.]

1. One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door. Sterne.

2. A forcible oath or lie. [Slang] Bp. Parker.

RAPPORT Rap*port", n. Etym: [F., fr. rapporter to bring again or back, to refer; pref. re- re- + apporter to bring, L. apporter to bring, L. apportare. Cf. Report.]

Defn: Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord. 'T is obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions and languages in every country. Sir W. Temple. En` rap`port" ( Etym: [F.], in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of sympathy which permits influence or communication.

RAPPROCHEMENT
Rap`proche`ment", n. [F., fr. rapprocher to cause to approach again.
See Re-; Approach.]

Defn: Act or fact of coming or being drawn near or together; establishment or state of cordial relations.

He had witnessed the gradual rapprochement between the papacy and
Austria.
Wilfrid Ward.

RAPSCALLION
Rap*scal"lion, n. Etym: [See Rascallion.]

Defn: A rascal; a good-for-nothing fellow. [Colloq.] Howitt.

RAPT
Rapt,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.

RAPT
Rapt, a.

1. Snatched away; hurried away or along. Waters rapt with whirling away. Spenser.

2. Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.; enraptured. "The rapt musician." Longfellow. 3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation. "Rapt in secret studies." Shak.

RAPT Rapt, n. Etym: [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt, a., and Rapid.]

1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.

2. Rapidity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

RAPT
Rapt, v. i.

1. To transport or ravish. [Obs.] Drayton.

2. To carry away by force. [Obs.] Daniel.

RAPTER
Rap"ter, n.

Defn: A raptor. [Obs.] Drayton.

RAPTOR
Rap"tor, n. Etym: [L. raptor, from rapere to ravish. See Rapid.]

Defn: A ravisher; a plunderer. [Obs.]

RAPTORES
Rap*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Raptor.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Accipitres. Called also Raptatores.

RAPTORIAL Rap*to"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Rapacious; living upon prey; — said especially of certain birds. (b) Adapted for seizing prey; — said of the legs, claws, etc., of insects, birds, and other animals. (c) Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust. (f) of Aves.

RAPTORIOUS
Rap*to"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. raptorius.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Raptorial.

RAPTURE
Rap"ture, n. Etym: [L. rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. See
Rapid.]

1. A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence. [Obs.] That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash With headlong rapture. Chapman.

2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy. Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into rapture. Addison. You grow correct that once with rapture writ. Pope.

3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn.
— Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.

RAPTURE
Rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raptured; p. pr. & vb. n. Rapturing.]

Defn: To transport with excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic] Thomson.

RAPTURIST
Rap"tur*ist, n.

Defn: An enthusiast. [Obs.] J. Spencer.

RAPTURIZE
Rap"tur*ize, v. i. & i.

Defn: To put, or be put, in a state of rapture. [R.]

RAPTUROUS
Rap"tur*ous, a.

Defn: Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or delight; rapturous applause.

RAPTUROUSLY
Rap"tur*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rapturous manner.

RARE
Rare, a. Etym: [Cf. Rather, Rath.]

Defn: Early. [Obs.]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late Work in the market place.
Chapman.

RARE Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer; superl. Rarest.] Etym: [Cf. AS. hrer, or E. rare early.]

Defn: Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked; underdone;
as, rare beef or mutton.
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care Turned by a gentle fire, and
roasted rare. Dryden.

Note: This word is in common use in the United States, but in England its synonym underdone is preferred.

RARE Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer; superl. Rarest.] Etym: [F., fr. L. rarus thin, rare.]

1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a rare event.

2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree
seldom found.
Rare work, all filled with terror and delight. Cowley.
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare. Dryden.

3. Thinly scattered; dispersed. Those rare and solitary, three in flocks. Milton.

4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere at high elevations. Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times rarer, than gold. Sir I. Newton.

Syn. — Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary; incomparable. — Rare, Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as scarce, which, though usually abundant, is for the time being to be had only in diminished quantities; as, a bad harvest makes corn scarce. A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in the world. Burke. When any particular piece of money grew very scarce, it was often recoined by a succeeding emperor. Addison.

RAREBIT
Rare"bit, n.

Defn: A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under
Rabbit.

RAREE-SHOW
Rar"ee-show`, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. rarity-show.]

Defn: A show carried about in a box; a peep show. Pope.

RAREFACTION
Rar`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. raréfaction. See Rarefy.]

Defn: The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; - - opposed to condensation; as, the rarefaction of air.

RAREFIABLE
Rar"e*fi`a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. raréfiable.]

Defn: Capable of being rarefied. Boyle.

RAREFY
Rar"e*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rarefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Rarefying.]
Etym: [F. raréfier; L. rarus rare + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf.
L. rarefacere. See -fy.]

Defn: To make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge without adding any new portion of matter to; — opposed to condense.

RAREFY
Rar"e*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become less dense; to become thin and porous. "Earth rarefies to dew." Dryden.

RARELY
Rare"ly, adv.

1. In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as, things rarely seen.

2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d Rare, 2. The person who played so rarely on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott. The rest of the spartments are rarely gilded. Evelyn.

RARENESS
Rare"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being rare.
And let the rareness the small gift commend. Dryden.

RARERIPE
Rare"ripe`, a. Etym: [Rare early + ripe. Cf. Rathripe.]

Defn: Early ripe; ripe before others, or before the usual season.

RARERIPE
Rare"ripe`, n.

Defn: An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone peach.

RARIFICATION
Rar`i*fi*ca"tion, n.

Defn: See Rarefaction. [R.] Am. Chem. Journal.

RARITY
Rar"i*ty, n.; pl. Rarities. Etym: [L. raritas: cf. F. rareté. See
Rare.]

1. The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases.

2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its scarcity. I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than any other shows in the place. Addison.

RAS
Ras, n.

Defn: See 2d Reis.

RASANTE
Ra`sante", a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.)

Defn: Sweeping; grazing; — applied to a style of fortification in which the command of the works over each other, and over the country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more effectually sweep or graze the ground before them. H. L. Scott.

RASCAL Ras"cal, n. Etym: [OE. rascaille rabble, probably from an OF. racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. racler to scrape, (assumed) LL. rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L. radere, rasum. See Rase, v.]

1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, ill- conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.] He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the rascal. Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19). Poor men alone No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge as the rascal. Shak.

2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster. For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's a rascal who pretends to more. Dryden.

RASCAL
Ras`cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; mean; base. "The rascal many." Spencer. "The rascal people." Shak. While she called me rascal fiddler. Shak.

RASCALDOM
Ras"cal*dom, n.

Defn: State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals, collectively. Emerson.

RASCALESS
Ras"cal*ess, n.

Defn: A female rascal. [Humorous]

RASCALITY
Ras*cal`i*ty, n.; pl. Rascalities (

1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.

2. The poorer and lower classes of people.[Obs.] The chief heads of their clans with their several rascalities T. Jackson.

RASCALLION
Ras*cal"lion, n. Etym: [From Rascal]

Defn: A low, mean wretch [Written also rascalion.]

RASCALLY
Ras"cal*ly, a.

Defn: Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; — often in humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty. Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep. Swift.

RASE Rase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rased; p. pr. & vb. n. Rasing.] Etym: [F. raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, shave; cf. Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to gnaw. Cf. Raze, Razee, Razor, Rodent.]

1. To rub along the surface of; to graze.[Obsoles.] Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death and might not the bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his head South. Sometimes his feet rased the surface of water, and at others the skylight almost flattened his nose. Beckford.

2. To rub or scratch out; to erase. [Obsoles.] Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our mind. Fuller.

3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze. [In this sense rase is generally used.] Till Troy were by their brave hands rased, They would not turn home. Chapman.

Note: This word, rase, may be considered as nearly obsolete; graze, erase, and raze, having superseded it. Rasing iron, a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of a vessel.

Syn. — To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin.

RASE
Rase, v. i.

Defn: To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow.
[Obs.]

RASE
Rase, n.

1. A scratching out, or erasure. [Obs.]

2. A slight wound; a scratch. [Obs.] Hooker.

3. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A way of measuring in which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above it. Burrill.

RASH
Rash, v. t. Etym: [For arace]

1. To pull off or pluck violently. [Obs.]

2. To slash; to hack; to slice. [Obs.] Rushing of helms and riving plates asunder. Spenser.

RASH
Rash, n. Etym: [OF. rashe an eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed)
LL. rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, scratch,
shave. See Rase, and cf. Rascal.] (Med.)

Defn: A fine eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no
elevation. Canker rash. See in the Vocabulary.
— Nettle rash. See Urticaria.
— Rose rash. See Roseola.
— Tooth rash. See Red-gum.

RASH
Rash, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ras short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf.
Rase); or cf. It. rascia serge, G. rasch, probably fr. Arras in
France (cf. Arras).]

Defn: An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted.
[Obs.] Donne.

RASH Rash, a. [Compar. Rasher; superl. Rashest.] Etym: [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel. röskr vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G. rasch quick, of uncertain origin.]

1. Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.] "Strong as aconitum or rash gunpowder." Shak.

2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] I scarce have leisure to salute you, My matter is so rash. Shak.

3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution; opposed to prudent; said of persons; as, a rash statesman or commander.

4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; as, rash words; rash measures.

5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn. [Prov. Eng.]

Syn. — Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty; indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless; inconsiderate; unwary. — Rash, Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is adventurous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and the bold. A man is rash who does it from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost. A man is foolhardy who throws himself into danger in disregard or defiance of the consequences. Was never known a more adventurous knight. Dryden. Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat. Milton. If any yet to be foolhardy To expose themselves to vain jeopardy; If they come wounded off, and lame, No honors got by such a maim. Hudibras.

RASH
Rash, v. t.

Defn: To prepare with haste. [Obs.] Foxe.

RASHER Rash"er, n. Etym: [In sense 1, probably fr. rash, a., as being hastily cooked.]

1. A thin slice of bacon.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California rockfish (Sebastichthys miniatus).

RASHFUL
Rash"ful, a.

Defn: Rash; hasty; precipitate. [Obs.]

RASHLING
Rash"ling, n.

Defn: A rash person. [Obs.]

RASHLY
Rash"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rush manner; with precipitation. He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly; for he was free to deliberate or not. L'Estrange.

RASHNESS
Rash"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of state of being rash. We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves. South.

Syn.
— Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation; hastiness;
indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness. See
Temerity.

RASKOLNIK
Ras*kol"nik, n. Etym: [Russ. rascolenik' schismatic, heretic.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: One of the separatists or dissenters from the established or
Greek church in Russia. [Written also rascolnik.]

RASORES
Ra*so`res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. radere, rasum, to scratch. See
Rase, v. t.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds; the Gallinæ.

Note: Formely, the word Rasores was used in a wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in classification.

RASORIAL
Ra*so"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and the like.

RASOUR
Ra"sour, n.

Defn: Rasor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RASP Rasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Rasping.] Etym: [OF. rasper, F. râper, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. raspon to scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap to snatch.]

1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder.

2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my temper.

RASP
Rasp, n. Etym: [OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. râpe. See Rasp, v.]

1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.

2. The raspberry. [Obs.] "Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will be smaller." Bacon. Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong aërial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the common name.

RASPATORIUM
Ras`pa*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: See Raspatory.

RASPATORY Rasp"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See Rasp, v.]

Defn: A surgeon's rasp. Wiseman.

RASPBERRY Rasp"ber*ry, n, Etym: [From E. rasp, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the fruit.] (Bot.) (a) The thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Idæus and other similar brambles; as, the black, the red and the white raspberry. (b) The shrub bearing this fruit.

Note: Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly attached to the receptacle.

RASPER
Rasp"er, n.

Defn: One who, or which, rasps; a scraper.

RASPIS
Ras"pis, n.

Defn: The raspberry. [Obs.] Langham.

RASPY
Rasp"y, a.

Defn: Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating. R. D.
Blackmore.

RASSE
Rasse, n. Etym: [Cf. Malay rasa taste, sensation.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A carnivore (Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese. Called also Malacca weasel, and lesser civet.

RASURE
Ra"sure, n. Etym: [L. rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to scrape, to shave.
See Rase, v.]

1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure; obliteration.

2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure. Ayliffe.

RAT Rat, n. Etym: [AS. ræt; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato, ratta, G. ratte, ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw. råtta, F. rat, Ir. & Gael radan, Armor. raz, of unknown origin. Cf. Raccoon.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into Anerica from the Old World.

2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair. [Local, U.S.]

3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union. [Cant]

Note: "It so chanced that, not long after the accession of the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or Norway, rats, were first brought over to this country (in some timber as is said); and being much stronger than the black, or, till then, the common, rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter. The word (both the noun and the verb to rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the government of George the First, but has by degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden and mercenary change in politics." Lord Mahon. Bamboo rat (Zoöl.), any Indian rodent of the genus Rhizomys. — Beaver rat, Coast rat. (Zoöl.) See under Beaver and Coast. — Blind rat (Zoöl.), the mole rat. — Cotton rat (Zoöl.), a long-haired rat (Sigmodon hispidus), native of the Southern United States and Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the crop. — Ground rat. See Ground Pig, under Ground. — Hedgehog rat. See under Hedgehog. — Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo. — Norway rat (Zoöl.), the common brown rat. See Rat. — Pouched rat. (Zoöl.) (a) See Pocket Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any African rodent of the genus Cricetomys. Rat Indians (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan stock. — Rat mole. (Zoöl.) See Mole rat, under Mole. — Rat pit, an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a dog for sport. — Rat snake (Zoöl.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas mucosus) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc. — Spiny rat (Zoöl.), any South America rodent of the genus Echinomys. — To smell a rat. See under Smell. — Wood rat (Zoöl.), any American rat of the genus Neotoma, especially N. Floridana, common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are white.

RAT
Rat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ratting.]

1. In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by a trades union. Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having ratted, solely by his inability to follow the friends of his early days. De Quincey.

2. To catch or kill rats.

RATA
Ra"ta, n. Etym: [Maori.] (Bot.)

Defn: A New Zealand forest tree (Metrosideros robusta), also, its hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.

RATABILITY
Rat`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being ratable.

RATABLE
Rat"a*ble, a.

1. Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value. Twenty oræ were ratable to [at] two marks of silver. Camden.

2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; as, ratable estate.

3. Made at a proportionate rate; as, ratable payments.
— Rat"a*ble*ness, n.
— Rat"a*bly, adv.

RATAFIA Rat`a*fi"a, n. Etym: [F., fr. Malay arak arrack + tafia a spirit distilled from molasses.]

Defn: A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened with sugar; — a term applied to the liqueurs called noyau, curaçao, etc. [Written also ratifia and ratafee.]

RATAN
Ra*tan", n.

Defn: See Rattan.

RATANY
Rat"a*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rhatany.

RATAPLAN
Ra`ta`plan", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of a galloping horse.

RATCH
Ratch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rotche.

RATCH
Ratch, n. Etym: [See Rack the instrument, Ratchet.]

Defn: A ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick works.

RATCHEL
Ratch"el, n.

Defn: Gravelly stone. [Prov. Eng.]

RATCHET Ratch"et, n. Etym: [Properly a diminutive from the same word as rack: cf. F. rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the instrument.]

1. A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.

2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl. See Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d Ratch. Ratchet brace (Mech.), a boring brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by back and forth movements of the brace handle. — Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth. — Ratchet wheel (Mach.), a circular wheel having teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning backward.

Note: In the cut, the moving pawl c slides over the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the pawl d prevents it from turning in the contrary direction.

RATE Rate, v. t. & i. Etym: [Perh. fr. E. rate, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault, to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat refuse, hrati rubbish.]

Defn: To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
Spencer.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy! Shak.
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it,
and rating them for it. Barrow.

RATE
Rate, n. Etym: [OF., fr. L. rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus reckoned,
fixed by calculation, p. p. of reri to reckon, to calculate. Cf.
Reason.]

1. Established portion or measure; fixed allowance. The one right feeble through the evil rate, Of food which in her duress she had found. Spenser.

2. That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate of movement; rate of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum. Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was different from what it is nowadays. South. In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful. Calamy. Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon enough. Clarendon.

3. Variation; prise fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge; as, high or low rates of transportation. They come at dear rates from Japan. Locke.

4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; as, parish rates; town rates.

5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.] Thus sat they all around in seemly rate. Spenser.

6. Ratification; approval. [R.] Chapman.

7. (Horol.)

Defn: The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; as, daily rate; hourly rate; etc.

8. (Naut.) (a) The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, second rate, etc. (b) The class of a merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.

RATE
Rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rating.]

1. To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree. To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent indeed, but not infallible. South. You seem not high enough your joys to rate. Dryden.

2. To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.

3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a seaman; to rate a pension.

4. To ratify. [Obs.] "To rate the truce." Chapman. To rate a chronometer, to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation depended thereon.

Syn.
— To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.

RATE
Rate, v. i.

1. To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship rates as a ship of the line.

2. To make an estimate.

RATEABLE
Rate"a*ble, a.

Defn: See Ratable.

RATEL
Ra"tel, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any carnivore of the genus Mellivora, allied to the weasels and the skunks; — called also honey badger.

Note: Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape ratel
(M. Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M. Indica) are the best known.
The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are
fond of honey, and rob the nests of wild bees.

RATEPAYER
Rate"pay`er, n.

Defn: One who pays rates or taxes.

RATER
Rat"er, n.

Defn: One who rates or estimates.

RATER
Rat"er, n.

Defn: One who rates or scolds.

RATFISH
Rat"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rat-tail.

RATH
Rath, n. Etym: [Ir. rath.]

1. A hill or mound. [Ireland] Spencer.

2. A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland.

RATH; RATHE
Rath, Rathe, a. Etym: [AS. hræ\'eb, hræd, quick, akin to OHG. hrad,
Icel. hrathr.]

Defn: Coming before others, or before the usual time; early. [Obs. or
Poetic]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies. Milton.

RATH; RATHE
Rath, Rathe, adv.

Defn: Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why rise ye up so rathe Chaucer.
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal. Spencer.

RATHER
Rath"er, a. Etym: [Compar. of Rath, a.]

Defn: Prior; earlier; former. [Obs.]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town. Sir J. Mandeville.

RATHER Rath"er, adv. Etym: [AS. hrathor, compar. of hrathe, hræ\'ebe, quickly, immediately. See Rath, a.]

1. Earlier; sooner; before. [Obs.] Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I. Chaucer. A good mean to come the rather to grace. Foxe.

2. More readily or willingly; preferably. My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my life. Job vii. 15.

3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested; instead. Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark v. 26.

4. Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat. He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain, And nowhere finding, rather feared her slain. Dryden.

5. More properly; more correctly speaking. This is an art Which does mend nature, change it rather, but The art itself is nature. Shak.

6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is rather warm; the house is rather damp. The rather, the more so; especially; for better reason; for particular cause. You are come to me in happy time, The rather for I have some sport in hand. Shak. — Had rather, or Would rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he had, or would, rather go than stay. "I had rather speak five words with my understanding than ten thousands words in an unknown tongue." 1 Cor. xiv. 19. See Had rather, under Had.

RATHRIPE
Rath"ripe`, a.

Defn: Rareripe, or early ripe.
— n.

Defn: A rareripe. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits. Fuller.

RATHSKELLER Raths"kel`ler (räts"kel*ler), n. [G., also ratskeller, prop., town- hall cellar.]

Defn: Orig., in Germany, the cellar or basement of the city hall, usually rented for use as a restaurant where beer is sold; hence, a beer saloon of the German type below the street level, where, usually, drinks are served only at tables and simple food may also be had; — sometimes loosely used, in English, of what are essentially basement restaurants where liquors are served.

RATIFICATION
Rat`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ratification.]

Defn: The act of ratifying; the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the ratification of a treaty.

RATIFIER
Rat"i*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer. Shak.

RATIFY
Rat"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ratified; p. pr. & vb. n. Ratifying.]
Etym: [F. ratifier, fr. L. ratus fixed by calculation, firm, valid +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate, n., and -fy.]

Defn: To approve and sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant; as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to ratify a nomination. It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by ratifying an imposture with such a miracle. South.

RATIHABITION Rat`i*ha*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid + habere to hold.]

Defn: Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract. [Obs.]
Jer. Tailor.

RATIO Ra"ti*o, n. Etym: [L., fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think, judge. See Reason.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by a to b by a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the dividend; as, a:b = b/a.

Note: Some writers consider ratio as the quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number. The term ratio is also sometimes applied to the difference of two quantities as well as to their quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name ratio is sometimes given to the rule of three in arithmetic. See under Rule.

2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress. Compound ratio, Duplicate ratio, Inverse ratio, etc. See under Compound, Duplicate, etc. — Ratio of a geometrical progression, the constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding one.

RATIOCINATE Ra`ti*oc"i*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. ratiocinatus, p. p. of ratiocinari, fr. ratio reason. See Ratio.]

Defn: To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.

RATIOCINATION
Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ratiocinatio: cf. F. ratiocination.]

Defn: The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from premises; deductive reasoning.

RATIOCINATIVE
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive, a. Etym: [L. ratiocinativus.]

Defn: Characterized by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of proportions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative process. The ratiocinative meditativeness of his character. Coleridge.

RATIOCINATORY
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry, a.

Defn: Ratiocinative. [R.]

RATION Ra"tion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ratio a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference, LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.]

1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence.

Note: Officers have several rations, the number varying according to their rank or the number of their attendants.

2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance; an allotment.

RATION
Ra"tion, v. t.

Defn: To supply with rations, as a regiment.

RATIONAL
Ra"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See Ratio,
Reason, and cf. Rationale.]

1. Relating to reason; not physical; mental. Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the rational, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in comparison of the other. Sir T. North.

2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning. It is our glory and happiness to have a rational nature. Law.

3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational conduct; a rational man.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; — said of formulæ. See under Formula. Rational horizon. (Astron.) See Horizon, 2 (b). — Rational quantity (Alg. ), one that can be expressed without the use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity; — opposed to irrational or radical quantity. — Rational symptom (Med.), one elicited by the statements of the patient himself and not as the result of a physical examination.

Syn. — Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet; judicious. — Rational, reasonable. Rational has reference to reason as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to traditional; as, a rational being, a rational state of mind, rational views, etc. In these cases the speculative reason is more particularly, referred to. Reasonable has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; as, reasonable prospect of success. What higher in her society thou find'st Attractive, human, rational, love still. Milton. A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the lawgivers. Swift.

RATIONAL
Ra"tion*al, n.

Defn: A rational being. Young.

RATIONALE Ra`tion*a"le, n. Etym: [L. rationalis, neut. rationale. See Rational, a.]

Defn: An explanation or exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or like; also, the principles themselves.

RATIONALISM
Ra"tion*al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rationalisme.]

1. (Theol.)

Defn: The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or opposed to, revelation.

2. (Philos.)

Defn: The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of truth; — opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism. Fleming.

RATIONALIST
Ra"tion*al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rationaliste.]

Defn: One who accepts rationalism as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See Citation under Reasonist.

RATIONALISTIC; RATIONALISTICAL
Ra`tion*al*is"tic, Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al a.

Defn: Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of
rationalism.
— Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

RATIONALITY Ra`tion*al"i*ty, n.; pl. -ties. Etym: [F. rationalité, or L. rationalitas.]

Defn: The quality or state of being rational; agreement with reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason; reasonableness. When God has made rationality the common portion of mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure Gov. of Tongue. Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will never bear a rigid examination. Sir T. Browne.

RATIONALIZATION
Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of rationalizing.

RATIONALIZE
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. t.

1. To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism.

2. To interpret in the manner of a rationalist.

3. To form a rational conception of.

4. (Alg.)

Defn: To render rational; to free from radical signs or quantities.

RATIONALIZE
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the principles of rationalism. Theodore . . . is just considered the chief rationalizing doctor of antiquity. J. H. Newman.

RATIONALLY
Ra"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rational manner.

RATIONALNESS
Ra"tion*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rational; rationality.

RATITAE Ra*ti"tæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L. ratitus marked with the figure of a raft.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds in which the wings are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, and apteryx are examples.

RATITATE
Rat"i*tate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ratitæ.

RATITE
Rat"ite, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ratitæ.
— n.

Defn: One of the Ratitæ.

RATLINES; RATLINS
Rat"lines, rat"lins, n. pl. Etym: [Of uncertain origin.] (Naut.)

Defn: The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the steps of a rope ladder. [Written also ratlings, and rattlings.] Totten.

RATON
Rat"on, n. Etym: [Cf. Raccoon.]

Defn: A small rat. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

RATOON
Ra*toon", n.

1. Same as Rattoon, n.

2. A rattan cane. [Obs.] Pepys.

RATOON
Ra*toon", v. i.

Defn: Same as Rattoon, v. i.

RATSBANE
Rats"bane, n. Etym: [Rat + bane.]

Defn: Rat poison; white arsenic.

RATSBANED
Rats"baned`, a.

Defn: Poisoned by ratsbane.

RAT-TAIL
Rat"-tail`, a.

Defn: Like a rat's tale in form; as, a rat-tail file, which is round, slender, and tapering. See Illust. of File.

RAT-TAIL
Rat"-tail`, n.

1. (Far.) pl.

Defn: An excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) The California chimæra. See Chimæra. (b) Any fish of the genus Macrurus. See Grenadier, 2.

RAT-TAILED
Rat"-tailed`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a long, tapering tail like that of a rat. Rat-tailed
larva (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See
Eristalis.
— Rat-tailed serpent (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance.
— Rat-tailed shrew (Zoöl.), the musk shrew.

RATTAN
Rat*tan", n. Etym: [Malay rotan.] [Written also ratan.] (Bot. )

Defn: One of the long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and cordage, and many other purposes.

RATTEEN
Rat*teen", n. Etym: [F. ratine.]

Defn: A thick woolen stuff quilled or twilled.

RATTEN Rat"ten, v. t. Etym: [Prov. E. ratten a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do mischief like a rat.]

Defn: To deprive feloniously of the tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them), for the purpose of annoying; as, to ratten a mechanic who works during a strike. [Trades-union Cant] J. McCarthy.

RATTER
Rat"ter, n.

1. One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.

2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a rat terrier. See Terrier.

RATTINET
Rat`ti*net", n.

Defn: A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.

RATTING
Rat"ting, n.

1. The conduct or practices of one who rats. See Rat, v. i., 1. Sydney Smith.

2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given time.

RATTLE
Rat"tle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rattling.]
Etym: [Akin to D. ratelen, G. rasseln, AS. hrætele a rattle, in
hrætelwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. Rail a bird.]

1. To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to clatter. And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms. Addison. 'T was but the wind, Or the car rattling o'er the stony street. Byron.

2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; as, we rattled along for a couple of miles. [Colloq.]

3. To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to clatter; — with on or away; as, she rattled on for an hour. [Colloq.]

RATTLE
Rat"tle, v. t.

1. To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; as, to rattle a chain.

2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting noise. Sound but another [drum], and another shall As loud as thine rattle the welkin's ear. Shak.

3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to rattle one's judgment; to rattle a player in a game. [Colloq.]

4. To scold; to rail at. L'Estrange. To rattle off. (a) To tell glibly or noisily; as, to rattle off a story. (b) To rail at; to scold. "She would sometimes rattle off her servants sharply." Arbuthnot.

RATTLE
Rat"tle, n.

1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the rattle of a drum. Prior.

2. Noisy, rapid talk. All this ado about the golden age is but an empty rattle and frivolous conceit. Hakewill.

3. An instrument with which a ratting sound is made; especially, a child's toy that rattle when shaken. The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough resemble each other. Sir W. Raleigh. Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope.

4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer. It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering rattle. Macaulay.

5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke. [Obs.] Heylin.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to produce a ratting sound.

Note: The rattle of the rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose, hollow joints.

7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; — chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called the death rattle. See Râle. To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound. — Yellow rattle (Bot.), a yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista- galli), the ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.

RATTLEBOX
Rat"tle*box`, n.

1. A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.

2. (Bot.) (a) An American herb (Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod. (b) Any species of Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.

RATTLE-BRAINED
Rat"tle-brained`, a.

Defn: Giddy; rattle-headed.

RATTLEHEAD
Rat"tle*head`, n.

Defn: An empty, noisy talker.

RATTLE-HEADED
Rat"tle-head`ed, a.

Defn: Noisy; giddy; unsteady.

RATTLEMOUSE
Rat"tle*mouse`, n.

Defn: A bat. [Obs.] Puttenham.

RATTLEPATE
Rat"tle*pate`, n.

Defn: A rattlehead. C. Kingsley.

RATTLE-PATED
Rat"tle-pat`ed, a.

Defn: Rattle-headed. "A noisy, rattle-pated fellow." W. Irving.

RATTLER
Rat"tler, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, rattles.

RATTLESNAKE
Rat"tle*snake`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of venomous American snakes belonging to the genera Crotalus and Caudisona, or Sistrurus. They have a series of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a sharp ratting sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States (Crotalus horridus), and the diamond rattlesnake of the south (C. adamanteus), are the best known. See Illust. of Fang. Ground rattlesnake (Zoöl.), a small rattlesnake (Caudisona, or Sistrurus, miliaria) of the Southern United States, having a small rattle. It has nine large scales on its head. — Rattlesnake fern (Bot.), a common American fern (Botrychium Virginianum) having a triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore cases rising from the middle of the frond. — Rattlesnake grass (Bot.), a handsome American grass (Glyceria Canadensis) with an ample panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called quaking grass. — Rattlesnake plantain (Bot.), See under Plantain. — Rattlesnake root (Bot.), a name given to certain American species of the composite genus Prenanthes (P. alba and P. serpentaria), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the rattlesnake. Calling also lion's foot, gall of the earth, and white lettuce. — Rattlesnake's master (Bot.) (a) A species of Agave (Agave Virginica) growing in the Southern United States. (b) An umbelliferous plant (Eryngium yuccæfolium) with large bristly-fringed linear leaves. (c) A composite plant, the blazing star (Liatris squarrosa). — Rattlesnake weed (Bot.), a plant of the composite genus Hieracium (H. venosum); — probably so named from its spotted leaves. See also Snakeroot.

RATTLETRAP
Rat"tle*trap`, n.

Defn: Any machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly. [Colloq.] A.
Trollope.

RATTLEWEED
Rat"tle*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the genus Astragalus. See Milk vetch.

RATTLEWINGS
Rat"tle*wings`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The golden-eye.

RATTLEWORT
Rat"tle*wort`, n. Etym: [AS. hrætelwyrt.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rattlebox.

RATTLINGS
Rat"tlings, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Ratlines.

RATTOON
Rat*toon", n. Etym: [Sp. retoño.]

Defn: One of the stems or shoots of sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later. See Plant-cane.

RATTOON
Rat*toon", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattooned; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rattooning.] Etym: [Cf. Sp. retoñar.]

Defn: To sprout or spring up from the root, as sugar cane of the previous year's planting.

RAUCID
Rau"cid, a. Etym: [L. raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.]

Defn: Hoarse; raucous [R.] Lamb.

RAUCITY Rau"ci*ty, n. Etym: [L. rausitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F. raucité.]

Defn: Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; as, the raucity of a trumpet, or of the human voice.

RAUCOUS
Rau"cous, a. Etym: [L. raucus.]

Defn: Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a raucous, thick tone. "His voice slightly raucous." Aytoun. — Rau"cous*ly, adv.

RAUGHT
Raught, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Reach. Shak.

RAUGHT
Raught, obs.

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Reck. Chaucer.

RAUNCH
Raunch, v. t.

Defn: See Ranch. Spenser.

RAUNSOUN
Raun*soun", n.

Defn: Ransom. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RAVAGE Rav"age (; 48), n. Etym: [F., fr. (assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum, fr. rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See Rapacious, Ravish.]

Defn: Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste; as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of fire or tempest; the ravages of an army, or of time. Would one think 't were possible for love To make such ravage in a noble soul Addison.

Syn. — Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder; spoil; waste; ruin.

RAVAGE
Rav"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ravaging.]
Etym: [F. ravager. See Ravage, n.]

Defn: To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit havoc
or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to consume.
Already Cæsar Has ravaged more than half the globe. Addison.
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven away. Macaulay.

Syn. — To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil; devastate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.

RAVAGER
Rav"a*ger, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.

RAVE Rave, n. Etym: [Prov. E. raves, or rathes, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay, etc.]

Defn: One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a wagon body or a sleigh.

RAVE Rave, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raved; p. pr. & vb. n. Raving.] Etym: [F. rêver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. rabere to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf. Rage, Reverie.]

1. To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman. In our madness evermore we rave. Chaucer. Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast Addison. The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went raving down the valley to the gorge of Kiliecrankie. Macaulay.

2. To rush wildly or furiously. Spencer.

3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or excitement; — followed by about, of, or on; as, he raved about her beauty. The hallowed scene Which others rave on, though they know it not. Byron.

RAVE
Rave, v. t.

Defn: To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave nonsense. Young.

RAVEHOOK
Rave"hook, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A tool, hooked at the end, for enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.

RAVEL
Rav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raveled or Ravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raveling or Ravelling.] Etym: [. ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG.
rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.]

1. To separate or undo the texture of; to take apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; — often followed by out; as, to ravel a twist; to ravel out a sticking. Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of care. Shak.

2. To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle.

3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve. What glory's due to him that could divide Such raveled interests has he not untied Waller. The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or raveled and entangled in weak discourses! Jer. Taylor.

RAVEL
Rav"el, v. i.

1. To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of intricacy.

2. To fall into perplexity and confusion. [Obs.] Till, by their own perplexities involved, They ravel more, still less resolved. Milton.

3. To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of
a woven pattern. [Obs.]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or entangled matters.
Sir W. Temple.

RAVELER
Rav"el*er, n. Etym: [Also raveller.]

Defn: One who ravels.

RAVELIN Rave"lin, n. Etym: [F.; cf. Sp. rebellin, It. revellino, rivellino; perhaps fr. L. re- again + vallum wall.] (Fort.)

Defn: A detached work with two embankments with make a salient angle.
It is raised before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place.
Formerly called demilune and half-moon.

RAVELING
Rav"el*ing, n. Etym: [Also ravelling.]

1. The act of untwisting, or of disentangling.

2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture.

RAVEN
Ra"ven, n. Etym: [AS. hræfn; akin to raaf, G. rabe, OHG. hraban,
Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large black passerine bird (Corvus corax), similar to the crow, but larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia and America, and is noted for its sagacity. Sea raven (Zoöl.), the cormorant.

RAVEN
Ra"ven, a.

Defn: Of the color of the raven; jet black; as, raven curls; raven darkness.

RAVEN
Rav"en, n. Etym: [OF. ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine ravine.
See Ravine, Rapine.] [Written also ravin, and ravine.]

1. Rapine; rapacity. Ray.

2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.

RAVEN
Rav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravened; p. pr. & vb. n. Ravening.] Etym:
[Written also ravin, and ravine.]

1. To obtain or seize by violence. Hakewill.

2. To devoir with great eagerness. Like rats that ravin down their proper bane. Shak.

RAVEN
Rav"en, v. i.

Defn: To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity. [Written also ravin, and ravine.] Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. Gen. xlix. 27.

RAVENALA
Rav`e*na"la, n. Etym: [Malagasy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants related to the banana.

Note: Ravenala Madagascariensis, the principal species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant is called traveller's tree.

RAVENER
Rav"en*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, ravens or plunders. Gower.

2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture. [Obs.] Holland.

RAVENING
Rav"en*ing, n.

Defn: Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. Luke xi. 39.

RAVENING
Rav"en*ing, a.

Defn: Greedily devouring; rapacious; as, ravening wolves.
— Rav"en*ing*ly, adv.

RAVENOUS
Rav"en*ous, a. Etym: [From 2d Raven.]

1. Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; as, a ravenous wolf or vulture.

2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite or
desire.
— Rav"en*ous*ly, adv.
— Rav"en*ous*ness, n.

RAVEN'S-DUCK
Ra"ven's-duck`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. ravenstuch.]

Defn: A fine quality of sailcloth. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

RAVER
Rav"er, n.

Defn: One who raves.

RAVIN
Rav"in, n.

Defn: Ravenous. [Obs.] Shak.

RAVIN; RAVINE
Rav"in, Ravine, n. Etym: [See 2d Raven.]

Defn: Food obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven. "Fowls of
ravyne." Chaucer.
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw With ravine, shrieked against
his creed. Tennyson.

RAVIN; RAVINE
Rav"in, Rav"ine, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Raven, v. t. & i.

RAVINE
Ra*vine", n. Etym: [F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr.
ravir to snatch or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina rapine. See
Ravish, and cf. Rapine, Raven prey.]

1. A torrent of water. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.

RAVING
Rav"ing, a.

Defn: Talking irrationally and wildly; as, a raving lunatic.
— Rav"ing*ly, adv.

RAVISH
Rav"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravished; p. pr. & vb. n. Ravishing.]
Etym: [OE. ravissen, F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear away,
to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and -ish.]

1. To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin Will quicken, and
accuse thee. Shak.
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right. Dryden.

2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy. "Ravished . . . for the joy." Chaucer. Thou hast ravished my heart. Cant. iv. 9.

3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her consent; to rape. Shak.

Syn. — To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate; deflour; force.

RAVISHER
Rav"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who ravishes (in any sense).

RAVISHING
Rav"ish*ing, a.

Defn: Rapturous; transporting.

RAVISHINGLY
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ravishing manner.

RAVISHMENT
Rav"ish*ment, n. Etym: [F. ravissement. See Ravish.]

1. The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone.

2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy. Spencer. In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze. Milton.

3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.

RAVISSANT
Rav"is*sant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: In a half-raised position, as if about to spring on prey.

RAW Raw, a. [Compar Rawer; superl. Rawest.] Etym: [AS. hreáw; akin to D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. ro, Icel. hrar, Dan. raa, Sw. rå, L. crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. sq. root18. Cf. Crude, Cruel.]

1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat.

2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw recruit. Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude. De Quincey.

3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] Bacon. (b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton. (c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow. (e) Not tanned; as, raw hides. (f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.

4. Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a) Bald. [Obs.] "With scull all raw." Spencer (b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore. (c) Sore, as if by being galled. And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment. Spenser.

5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a raw wind. "A raw and gusty day." Shak. Raw material, material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. — Raw pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.

RAW
Raw, n.

Defn: A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch
one on the raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw. De
Quincey.

RAWBONE
Raw"bone`, a.

Defn: Rawboned. [Obs.] Spencer.

RAWBONED
Raw"boned`, a.

Defn: Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak.

RAWHEAD
Raw"head`, n.

Defn: A specter mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and bloodybones.

RAWHIDE
Raw"hide`, n.

Defn: A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.

RAWISH
Raw"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat raw. [R.] Marston.

RAWLY
Raw"ly, adv.

1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.

2. Without proper preparation or provision. Shak.

RAWNESS
Raw"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being raw.

RAY
Ray, v. t. Etym: [An aphetic form of array; cf. Beray.]

1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] "The fifth that did it ray." Spenser.

RAY
Ray, n.

Defn: Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. Spenser.

RAY Ray, n. Etym: [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.]

1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A radiating part of the flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.

4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under Light.

5. Sight; perception; vision; — from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen. All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze. Pope.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray. Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. — Extraordinary ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. — Ordinary ray (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. — Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. — Ray flower, or Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. — Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. — Röntgen ray ( (Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, or sciagraphs. So called from the discoverer, W. C. Röntgen. — X ray, the Röntgen ray; — so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.

RAY
Ray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Raying.] Etym: [Cf.
OF. raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See Ray, n., and
cf. Radiate.]

1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Etym: [From Ray, n.]

Defn: To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thompson.

RAY
Ray, v. t.

Defn: To shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.

RAY Ray, n. Etym: [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate. Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon nàrinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. — Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. — Devil ray. See Sea Devil. — Eagle ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ. The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. — Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. — Starry ray, a common European skate (Raia radiata). — Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.

RAYAH Ra"yah, n. Etym: [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture, guard.]

Defn: A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.
[Turkey.]

RAY GRASS
Ray" grass` Etym: [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); — called also rye grass, and red darnel. See Darnel, and Grass. Italian ray, or rye, grass. See Darnel, and Grass.

RAYLESS
Ray"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.

RAYON
Ray"on, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser.

RAYONNANT
Ray"on*nant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.

RAZE
Raze, n. Etym: [See Rack.]

Defn: A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root.

RAZE Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed; p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] Etym: [F. raser. See Rase, v. t.] [Written also rase.]

1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate. Razing the characters of your renown. Shak.

2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to destroy; to demolish. The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. Dryden.

Syn.
— To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin.
See Demolish.

RAZED
Razed, a.

Defn: Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] "Two Provincial roses on my razed shoes." Shak.

RAZEE Ra*zee", n. Etym: [F. vaisseau rasé, fr. raser to rase, to cut down ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] (Naut.)

Defn: An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate. Totten.

RAZEE
Ra*zee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed; p. pr. & vb. n. Razeeing.]

Defn: To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or glass, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article.

RAZOR
Ra"zor, n. Etym: [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir,
LL. rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.]

1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head. "Take thee a barber's rasor." Ezek. v. 1.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A task of a wild boar. Razor fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A small Mediterranean fish (Coryphæna novacula), prized for the table. (b) The razor shell. — Razor grass (Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. — Razor grinder (Zoöl.), the European goat-sucker. — Razor shell (Zoöl.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially Solen, or Ensatella, ensis, and Americana, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also rasor clam, razor fish, knife handle. — Razor stone. Same as Novaculite. — Razor strap, or razor strop, a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.

RAZORABLE
Ra"zor*a*ble, a.

Defn: Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] Shak.

RAZORBACK
Ra"zor*back", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The rorqual.

RAZOR-BACKED
Ra"zor-backed", a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.

RAZORBILL Ra"zor*bill, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of auk (Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See Auk, and Illust. in Appendix. (b) See Cutwater, 3.

RAZURE
Ra"zure, n. Etym: [See Rasure.]

1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure.

2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.

RAZZIA
Raz"zi*a, n. Etym: [F., fr. Ar. ghazia (pron. razia in Algeria).]

Defn: A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a rai

RE- Re-. Etym: [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-, ré-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate, reassure. Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.

RE
Re (ra). Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.

REABSORB
Re`ab*sorb", v. t.

Defn: To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; — used esp. of fluids.

REABSORPTION
Re`ab*sorp"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of rearbsorbing.

REACCESS
Re`ac*cess", n.

Defn: A second access or approach; a return. Hakewill.

REACCUSE
Re"ac*cuse", v. t.

Defn: To accuse again. Cheyne.

REACH
Reach, n.

Defn: An effort to vomit. [R.]

REACH Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (Raught, the old preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] Etym: [OE. rechen, AS. ræcan, ræcean, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. rice powerful, rich, E. rich. sq. root115.]

1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the like. Her tresses yellow, and long straughten, Unto her heeles down they raughten. Rom. of R. Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side. John xx. 27. Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far Their pampered boughs. Milton.

2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach one a book. He reached me a full cap. 2 Esd. xiv. 39.

3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; too extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a spear. O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford, Than I may reach the beast. Dryden.

4. To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; as, to reach an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell.

5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as. If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine. Locke.

6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent; as, his hand reaches the river. Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. Milton.

7. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be advanced to. The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration can reach, comes short of its reality. Cheyne.

9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.] Do what, sir I reach you not. Beau. & Fl.

10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South.

REACH
Reach, v. t.

1. To stretch out the hand. Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste! Milton.

2. To strain after something; to make efforts. Reaching above our nature does no good. Dryden.

3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something. And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. Gen. xxviii. 12. The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone. Boyle.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another,
or with the ind nearly abeam. To reach after or at, to make efforts
to attain to or obtain.
He would be in the mind reaching after a positive idea of infinity.
Locke.

REACH
Reach, n.

1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as, the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon shot.

2. The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity. Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters which they least intended. Hayward. Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. Pope.

3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope. And on the left hand, hell, With long reach, interposed. Milton. I am to pray you not to strain my speech To grosser issues, nor to larger reach Than to suspicion. Shak.

4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land. "The river's wooded reach." Tennyson. The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches. Holland.

5. An article to obtain an advantage. The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand to cross the design. Bacon.

6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward bolster of a wagon.

REACHABLE
Reach"a*ble, a.

Defn: Being within reach.

REACHER
Reach"er, n.

1. One who reaches.

2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] Fuller.

REACHLESS
Reach"less, a.

Defn: Being beyond reach; lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight. Bp. Hall.

REACT
Re*act", v. t.

Defn: To act or perform a second time; to do over again; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.

REACT
Re*act", v. i.

1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.

2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.

REACTANCE
Re*act"ance, n. [React + -ance.] (Elec.)

Defn: The influence of a coil of wire upon an alternating current passing through it, tending to choke or diminish the current, or the similar influence of a condenser; inductive resistance. Reactance is measured in ohms. The reactance of a circuit is equal to the component of the impressed electro-motive force at right angles to the current divided by the current, that is, the component of the impedance due to the self-inductance or capacity of the circuit.

REACTANCE COIL
Reactance coil (Elec.)

Defn: A choking coil.

REACTION
Re*ac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réaction.]

1. Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe reaction, Flame reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame.

3. (Med.)

Defn: An action included by vital resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or shock.

4. (Mech.)

Defn: The force which a body subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite direction. Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in opposite directions. Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).

5. (Politics)

Defn: Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any direction. The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming reaction. Macaulay. Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; — called also physiological time. — Reaction wheel (Mech.), a water wheel driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or inclined, to its radii.

REACTIONARY
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Being, causing, or favoring reaction; as, reactionary movements.

REACTIONARY
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Reactionaries (.

Defn: One who favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or revolution.

REACTIONIST
Re*ac"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A reactionary. C. Kingsley.

REACTIVE
Re*act`ive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réactif.]

Defn: Having power to react; tending to reaction; of the nature of
reaction.
— Re*act"ive*ly, adv.
— Re*act"ive*ness, n.

REACTOR
Re*act"or, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A choking coil.

READ
Read, n.

Defn: Rennet. See 3d Reed. [Prov. Eng.]

READ Read, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Read; p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.] Etym: [OE. reden, ræden, AS. rædan to read, advice, counsel, fr. ræd advise, counsel, rædan (imperf. reord) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D. raden to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel. raedha, Goth. redan (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr. radh to succeed. sq. root116. Cf. Riddle.]

1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See Rede. Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and thereby try all doctrine. Tyndale.

2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle.

3. To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.] But read how art thou named, and of what kin. Spenser.

4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; as, to read a discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music; to read a book. Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille. Chaucer. Well could he rede a lesson or a story. Chaucer.

5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend. Who is't can read a woman Shak.

6. To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to learn by observation. An armed corse did lie, In whose dead face he read great magnanimity. Spenser. Those about her From her shall read the perfect ways of honor. Shak.

7. To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as, to read theology or law. To read one's self in, to read about the Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, — required of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates in a new benefice.

READ
Read, v. t.

1. To give advice or counsel. [Obs.]

2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like document. So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the sense. Neh. viii. 8.

4. To study by reading; as, he read for the bar.

5. To learn by reading. I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an iniquitous sentence. Swift.

6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of, certain words or characters; as, the passage reads thus in the early manuscripts.

7. To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence reads queerly. To read between the lines, to infer something different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.

READ Read, n. Etym: [AS. ræd counsel, fr. rædan to counsel. See Read, v. t.]

1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See Rede. [Obs.]

2. Etym: [Read, v.]

Defn: Reading. [Colloq.] Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read. Furnivall.

READ
Read,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Read, v. t. & i.

READ
Read, a.

Defn: Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus. Addison.

READABILITY
Read`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being readable; readableness.

READABLE
Read"a*ble, a.

Defn: Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth
reading; interesting.
— Read"a*ble*ness, n.
— Read"a*bly, adv,.

READDRESS
Re`ad*dress", v. t.

Defn: To address a second time; — often used reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her. Boyle.

READEPT Re`a*dept, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + L. adeptus. p. p. of adipisci to obtain.]

Defn: To regain; to recover. [Obs.]

READEPTION
Re`a*dep"tion, n.

Defn: A regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.] Bacon.

READER
Read"er, n. Etym: [AS. rædere.]

1. One who reads. Specifically: (a) One whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church. (b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who reads lectures on scientific subjects. Lyell. (c) A proof reader. (d) One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding their merit.

2. One who reads much; one who is studious.

3. A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book.

READERSHIP
Read"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of reader. Lyell.

READILY
Read"i*ly, adv.

1. In a ready manner; quickly; promptly. Chaucer.

2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly; cheerfully. How readily we wish time spent revoked! Cowper.

READINESS
Read"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being ready; preparation; promptness;
aptitude; willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of mind. Acts xvii. 11.

Syn. — Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See Facility.

READING
Read"ing, n.

1. The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter to be read.

2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive reading.

3. A lecture or prelection; public recital. The Jews had their weekly readings of the law. Hooker.

4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection; version.

5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of rendering. [Cant]

6. An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as, the reading of a barometer. Reading of a bill (Legislation), its normal recital, by the proper officer, before the House which is to consider it.

READING
Read"ing, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.

2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading community. Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a reader. — Reading desk, a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service in a church. — Reading glass, a large lens with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc. — Reading man, one who reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close, industrious student. — Reading room, a room appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.

READJOURN
Re`ad*journ", v. t.

Defn: To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.

READJOURNMENT
Re`ad*journ"ment, n.

Defn: The act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.

READJUST
Re`ad*just", v. t.

Defn: To adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation; to rearrange.

READJUSTER
Re`ad*just"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's creditors.

READJUSTMENT
Re`ad*just"ment, n.

Defn: A second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.

READMISSION
Re`ad*mis"sion, n.

Defn: The act of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; as, the readmission fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the readmission of a student into a seminary.

READMIT
Re`ad*mit", v. t.

Defn: To admit again; to give entrance or access to again. Whose ear is ever open, and his eye Gracious to readmit the suppliant. Milton.

READMITTANCE
Re`ad*mit"tance, n.

Defn: Allowance to enter again; a second admission.

READOPT
Re`a*dopt", v. t.

Defn: To adopt again. Young.

READORN
Re`a*dorn", v. t.

Defn: To adorn again or anew.

READVANCE
Re`ad*vance", v. i.

Defn: To advance again.

READVERTENCY
Re`ad*vert"en*cy, n.

Defn: The act of adverting to again, or of reviewing. [R.] Norris.

READY Read"y, a. [Compar. Readier; superl. Readiest.] Etym: [AS. ræde; akin to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth. garáids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf. Array, 1st Curry.]

1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march; ready for the journey. "When she redy was." Chaucer.

2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. "Dinner was ready." Fielding. My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage. Matt. xxii. 4.

3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; inclined; disposed. I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus. Acts xxi. 13. If need be, I am ready to forego And quit. Milton.

4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit; a ready writer or workman. "Ready in devising expedients." Macaulay. Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly. Sir W. Scott.

5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy. "The readiest way." Milton. A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, The readiest weapon that his fury found. Dryden.

6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; — with a following infinitive. My heart is ready to crack. Shak.

7. (Mil.)

Defn: A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is, aim. All ready, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared. "[I] am all redy at your hest." Chaucer. — Ready money, means of immediate payment; cash. "'Tis all the ready money fate can give." Cowley. — Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of interest, prices, etc. — To make ready, to make preparation; to get in readiness.

Syn. — Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous; apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune; fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See Prompt.

READY
Read"y, adv.

Defn: In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as to need
no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed. Num. xxxii. 17.

READY
Read"y, n.

Defn: Ready money; cash; — commonly with the; as, he was supplied
with the ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear
old debts. Arbuthnot.

READY
Read"y, v. t.

Defn: To dispose in order. [Obs.] Heywood.

READY-MADE
Read"y-made`, a.

Defn: Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made jokes.

READY-WITTED
Read"y-wit`ted, a.

Defn: Having ready wit.

REAFFIRM
Re`af*firm", v. t.

Defn: To affirm again.

REAFFIRMANCE; REAFFIRMATION
Re`af*firm"ance, Re*af`fir*ma"tion n.

Defn: A second affirmation.

REAFFOREST
Re`af*for"est, v. t.

Defn: To convert again into the forest, as a region of country.

REAFFORESTATION
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting again into a forest.

REAGENT
Re*a"gent, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance capable of producing with another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies; a test.

REAGGRAVATION
Re*ag`gra*va"tion, n. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication.

REAGREE
Re`a*gree", v. t.

Defn: To agree again.

REAK
Reak, n. [Wrack seaweed.]

Defn: A rush. [Obs.] "Feeds on reaks and reeds." Drant.

REAK
Reak, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.]

Defn: A prank. [Obs.] "They play such reaks." Beau & Fl.

REAL
Re"al, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See Regal, and cf.
Ree a coin.]

Defn: A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.

Note: A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of its coinage, from 12real vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2

REAL
Re*al", a.

Defn: Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] "The blood real of Thebes."
Chaucer.

REAL
Re"al, a. Etym: [LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F. réel.
Cf. Rebus.]

1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a
description of real life.
Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowed. Milton.

2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real ginger. Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity. Milton.

5. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.] Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the real part of business. Bacon.

4. (Alg.)

Defn: Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.

5. (Law)

Defn: Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or movable property. Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. — Real action (Law), an action for the recovery of real property. — Real assets (Law), lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the debts of the ancestor. — Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof. Blackstone. — Real estate or property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in houses and land. Kent. Burrill. — Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. — Real servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier.

Syn. — Actual; true; genuine; authentic. — Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, "It actually exists," "It has actually been done." Thus its really is shown by its actually. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment. For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger of an actual fault. Dryden. Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things. Locke.

REAL
Re"al, n.

Defn: A realist. [Obs.] Burton.

REALGAR Re*al"gar, n. Etym: [F. réalgar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al ghar powder of the mine.] (Min.)

Defn: Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product.

REALISM
Re"al*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réalisme.]

1. (Philos.) (a) An opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities, existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or in re (Aristotle). (b) As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and representative.

2. (Art & Lit.)

Defn: Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.

REALIST
Re"al*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réaliste.]

1. (Philos.)

Defn: One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as maintained by the nominalists.

2. (Art. & Lit.)

Defn: An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. See
Realism, 2.

REALISTIC
Re`al*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination.

REALISTICALLY
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the realistic manner.

REALITY
Re*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Realities. Etym: [Cf. F. réalité, LL. realitas.
See 3d Real. and cf. 2d Realty.]

1. The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact. A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in reality he does not comprehend his meaning. Addison.

2. That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence, and is not merely an idea. And to realities yield all her shows. Milton. My neck may be an idea to you, but it is reality to me. Beattie.

3. Etym: [See 1st Realty, 2.]

Defn: Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor. Fuller.

4. (Law)

Defn: See 2d Realty, 2.

REALIZABLE
Re"al*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being realized.

REALIZATION
Re`al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réalisation.]

Defn: The act of realizing, or the state of being realized.

REALIZE
Re"al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Realized; p. pr. & vb. n. Realizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. réaliser.]

1. To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to realize a scheme or project. We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighting a single grain against the globe of earth. Glanvill.

2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience. Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us. Jowett. We can not realize it in thought, that the object . . . had really no being at any past moment. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as, to realize his fortune.

4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to realize large profits from a speculation. Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by diligent thrift realize a good estate. Macaulay.

5. To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets.

REALIZE
Re"al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To convert any kind of property into money, especially property representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc. Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word now first brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into something real. W. Irving.

REALIZER
Re"al*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who realizes. Coleridge.

REALIZING
Re"al*i`zing, a.

Defn: Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; as, a realizing view of the danger incurred. — Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv.

REALLEGE
Re`al*lege", v. t.

Defn: To allege again. Cotgrave.

REALLIANCE
Re`al*li"ance, n.

Defn: A renewed alliance.

RE-ALLY
Re"-al*ly", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + ally, v. t.]

Defn: To bring together again; to compose or form anew. Spenser.

REALLY
Re"al*ly`, adv.

Defn: Royally. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REALLY
Re"al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness. Swift.

Note: Really is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration. Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old. Young.

REALM
Realm, n. Etym: [OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme, roialme, F.
royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L. regalis royal. See
Regal.]

1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the dominion of a king; a kingdom. The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually alone. Motley.

2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; division; as, the realm of fancy.

REALMLESS
Realm"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a realm. Keats.

REALNESS
Re"al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being real; reality.

REALTY
Re"al*ty, n. Etym: [OF. réalté, LL. regalitas, fr. L. regalis. See
Regal.]

1. Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] Milton.

REALTY
Re"al*ty, n. Etym: [Contr. from 1st Reality.]

1. Realty. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; — so written in legal language for reality. (b) Real estate; a piece of real property. Blackstone.

REAM
Ream, n. Etym: [AS. reám, akin to G. rahm.]

Defn: Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale. [Scot.]

REAM
Ream, v. i.

Defn: To cream; to mantle. [Scot.] A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, reamed with excellent claret. Sir W. Scott.

REAM
Ream, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Reim.]

Defn: To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or filaments.

REAM Ream, n. Etym: [OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma), fr. Ar. rizma a bundle, especially of paper.]

Defn: A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets. Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A common practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the ream. Knight.

REAM
Ream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Reaming.] Etym:
[Cf. G. räumen to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See Room.]

Defn: To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.

REAME
Reame, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REAMER
Ream"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole, as a bore of a cannon, etc.

REAMPUTATION
Re*am`pu*ta"tion, n. (Surg.)

Defn: The second of two amputations performed upon the same member.

REANIMATE
Re*an"i*mate, v. t.

Defn: To animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate; as, to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate disheartened troops; to reanimate languid spirits. Glanvill.

REANIMATION
Re*an"i*ma"tion, n.

Defn: The act or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.

REANNEX
Re`an*nex", v. t.

Defn: To annex again or anew; to reunite. "To reannex that duchy."
Bacon.

REANNEXATION
Re*an`nex*a"tion, n.

Defn: Act of reannexing.

REANSWER
Re*an"swer, v. t. & i.

Defn: To answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends
for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow under. Shak.

REAP Reap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raped; p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.] Etym: [OE. repen, AS. ripan to seize, reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G. raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E. ripe.]

1. To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by cutting. When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap the corners of thy field. Lev.

2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; — in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from exertions. Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing For peace, reap nothing but repulse and hate Milton.

3. To clear or a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.

4. To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] Shak. Reaping hook, an instrument having a hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; — in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of serrated.

REAP
Reap, v. i.

Defn: To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a
harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. Ps. cxxvi. 5.

REAP
Reap, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]

Defn: A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright.

REAPER
Reap"er, n.

1. One who reaps. The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads. Macaulay.

2. A reaping machine.

REAPPAREL
Re`ap*par"el, v. t.

Defn: To clothe again.

REAPPEAR
Re`ap*pear, v. i.

Defn: To appear again.

REAPPEARANCE
Re`ap*pear"ance, v. i.

Defn: A second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing again.

REAPPLICATION
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.

REAPPLY
Re`ap*ply", v. t. & i.

Defn: To apply again.

REAPPOINT
Re`ap*point", v. t.

Defn: To appoint again.

REAPPOINTMENT
Re`ap*point"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.

REAPPORTION
Re`ap*por"tion, v. t.

Defn: To apportion again.

REAPPORTIONMENT
Re`ap*por"tion*ment, n.

Defn: A second or a new apportionment.

REAPPROACH
Re`ap*proach", v. i. & t.

Defn: To approach again or anew.

REAR
Rear, adv.

Defn: Early; soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear! Gay.

REAR
Rear, n. Etym: [OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf.
Arrear.]

1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last on order; — opposed to Ant: front. Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost. Milton.

2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest. When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear. Milton.

REAR
Rear, a.

Defn: Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear
rank of a company. Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in rank
below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See Admiral.
— Rear front (Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when faced
about and standing in that position.
— Rear guard (Mil.), the division of an army that marches in the
rear of the main body to protect it; — used also figuratively.
— Rear line (Mil.), the line in the rear of an army.
— Rear rank (Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which is
in the rear, or last in order.
— Rear sight (Firearms), the sight nearest the breech.
— To bring up the rear, to come last or behind.

REAR
Rear, v. t.

Defn: To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]

REAR
Rear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reared; p. pr. & vb. n. Rearing.] Etym:
[AS. ræran to raise, rear, elevate, for ræsan, causative of risan to
rise. See Rise, and cf. Raise.]

1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to rear a monolith. In adoration at his feet I fell Submiss; he reared me. Milton. It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts. Barrow. Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner. Ld. Lytton.

2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear defenses or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of another. One reared a font of stone. Tennyson.

3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or R.] And having her from Trompart lightly reared, Upon his set the lovely load. Spenser.

4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to foster; as, to rear offspring. He wants a father to protect his youth, And rear him up to virtue. Southern.

5. To breed and raise; as, to rear cattle.

6. To rouse; to strip up. [Obs.] And seeks the tusky boar to rear. Dryden.

Syn. — To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish. See the Note under Raise, 3 (c).

REAR
Rear, v. i.

Defn: To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect. Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing. Knight.

REARDORSE; REARDOSS
Rear"dorse, Rear"doss, n.

Defn: A reredos.

REARER
Rear"er, n.

Defn: One he, or that which, rears.

REARGUE
Re*ar"gue, v. t.

Defn: To argue anew or again.

REARGUMENT
Re*ar"gu*ment, n.

Defn: An arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.

REAR-HORSE Rear"-horse`, n. Etym: [So called because it rears up when disturbed.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mantis.

REARLY
Rear"ly, adv.

Defn: Early. [Obs.] Beau. & Ft.

REARMOST
Rear"most`, a.

Defn: Farthest in the rear; last.

REARMOUSE; REREMOUSE
Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse`, n. Etym: [AS. hreremus; probably fr. hreran
to agitate, stir (akin to G. rühren, Icel. hræra) + mus mouse.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The leather-winged bat (Vespertilio murinus). [Written also reermouse.]

REARRANGE
Re`ar*range", v. t.

Defn: To arrange again; to arrange in a different way.

REARRANGEMENT
Re`ar*range"ment, n.

Defn: The act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.

REARWARD
Rear"ward`, n. Etym: [Rear + ward.]

Defn: The last troop; the rear of an army; a rear guard. Also used figuratively. Shak.

REARWARD
Rear"ward, a. & adv.

Defn: At or toward the rear.

REASCEND
Re`as*cend", v. i.

Defn: To rise, mount, or climb again.

REASCEND
Re`as*cend", v. t.

Defn: To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending again.
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies. Addison.

REASCENSION
Re`as*cen"sion, n.

Defn: The act of reascending; a remounting.

REASCENT
Re`as*cent", n.

Defn: A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity. Cowper.

REASON Rea"son, n. Etym: [OE. resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio (akin to Goth. rapj number, account, garapjan to count, G. rede speech, reden to speak), fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf. Arraign, Rate, Ratio, Ration.]

1. A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of argument. I'll give him reasons for it. Shak. The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the motion of the next wheel. Sir M. Hale. This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was called "catholic." Bp. Pearson. Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice and wickedness. Tillotson.

2. The faculty of capacity of the human mind by which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires. Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is called the discursive or ratiocinative faculty. We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine or human, but by our five senses and our reason. P. Browne. In common and popular discourse, reason denotes that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of particular ends. Stewart. Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or argumentation. Stewart. By the pure reason I mean the power by which we become possessed of principles. Coleridge. The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized understanding, comprehends. Coleridge.

3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice. I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my rhyme. Spenser. But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private reason, which to us is no law. Milton. The most probable way of bringing France to reason would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies. Addison.

4. (Math.)

Defn: Ratio; proportion. [Obs.] Barrow. By reason of, by means of; on account of; because of. "Spain is thin sown of people, partly by reason of the sterility of the soil." Bacon. In reason, In all reason, in justice; with rational ground; in a right view. When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to doubt of its existence. Tillotson. — It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right. [Obs.] Yet it were great reason, that those that have children should have greatest care of future times. Bacon.

Syn. — Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle; sake; account; object; purpose; design. See Motive, Sense.

REASON
Rea"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reasoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Reasoning.]
Etym: [Cf. F. raisonner. See Reason, n.]

1. To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts.

2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to argue. Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord. 1 Sam. xii. 7.

3. To converse; to compare opinions. Shak.

REASON
Rea"son, v. t.

1. To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the matter with my friend. When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such a theory. T. Burnet.

2. To support with reasons, as a request. [R.] Shak.

3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan. Men that will not be reasoned into their senses. L'Estrange.

4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; — with down; as, to reason down a passion.

5. To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument; — usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon.

REASONABLE Rea"son*a*ble, a. Etym: [OE. resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L. rationabilis. See Reason, n.]

1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; rational; as, a reasonable being.

2. Governed by reason; being under influence of reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational; as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable men. By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any reasonable cause of doubting. Bp. Wilkins. Men have no right to what is not reasonable. Burke.

3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; as, a reasonable demand, amount, price. Let . . . all things be thought upon That may, with reasonable swiftness, add More feathers to you wings. Shak.

Syn. — Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable; moderate; tolerable. See Rational.

REASONABLE
Rea"son*a*ble, adv.

Defn: Reasonable; tolerably. [Obs.]
I have a reasonable good ear in music. Shak.

REASONABLENESS
Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being reasonable.

REASONABLY
Rea"son*a*bly, adv.

1. In a reasonable manner.

2. Moderately; tolerably. "Reasonably perfect in the language." Holder.

REASONER
Rea"son*er, n.

Defn: One who reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a close reasoner; a logical reasoner.

REASONING
Rea"son*ing, n.

1. The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting one's reasons.

2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument. His reasoning was sufficiently profound. Macaulay.

Syn. — Argumentation; argument. — Reasoning, Argumentation. Few words are more interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a difference between them. Reasoning is the broader term, including both deduction and induction. Argumentation denotes simply the former, and descends from the whole to some included part; while reasoning embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See Induction. Reasoning is occupied with ideas and their relations; argumentation has to do with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it; you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections. Such is argumentation. It supposes that there are two sides, and that both agree to the same rules. Reasoning, on the other hand, is often a natural process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience.

REASONIST
Rea"son*ist, n.

Defn: A rationalist. [Obs.]
Such persons are now commonly called "reasonists" and "rationalists,"
to distinguish them from true reasoners and rational inquirers.
Waterland.

REASONLESS
Rea"son*less, a.

1. Destitute of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind. Shak.

2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason; unreasonable. This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak.

REASSEMBLAGE
Re`as*sem"blage, n.

Defn: Assemblage a second time or again.

REASSEMBLE
Re`as*sem"ble, v. t. & i.

Defn: To assemble again.

REASSERT
Re`as*sert", v. t.

Defn: To assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do
so.
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will reassert our
claim to respectability in literature. Walsh.

REASSERTION
Re`as*ser"tion, n.

Defn: A second or renewed assertion of the same thing.

REASSESSMENT
Re`as*sess"ment, n.

Defn: A renewed or second assessment.

REASSIGN
Re`as*sign", v. t.

Defn: To assign back or again; to transfer back what has been assigned.

REASSIGNMENT
Re`as*sign"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reassigning.

REASSIMILATE
Re`as*sim"i*late, v. t. & i.

Defn: To assimilate again.
— Re`as*sim`i*la"tion, n.

REASSOCIATE
Re`as*so"ci*ate, v. t. & i.

Defn: To associate again; to bring again into close relatoins.

REASSUME
Re`as*sume", v. t.

Defn: To assume again or anew; to resume.
— Re`as*sump"tion, n.

REASSURANCE
Re`as*sur"ance, n.

1. Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated. Prynne.

2. (Law)

Defn: Same as Reinsurance.

REASSURE
Re`as*sure", v. t.

1. To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or
terror.
They rose with fear, . . . Till dauntless Pallas reassured the rest.
Dryden.

2. To reinsure.

REASSURER
Re`as*sur"er, n.

Defn: One who reassures.

REASTY
Reas"ty, a. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: Rusty and rancid; — applied to salt meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Tusser.
— Reas"ti*ness, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

REATA
Re*a"ta, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A lariat.

REATTACH
Re`at*tach, v. t.

Defn: To attach again.

REATTACHMENT
Re`at*tach"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reattaching; a second attachment.

REATTAIN
Re`at*tain", v. t.

Defn: To attain again.

REATTAINMENT
Re`at*tain"ment, n.

Defn: The act of reattaining.

REATTEMPT
Re`at*tempt", v. t.

Defn: To attempt again.

REAUME
Re`aume, n.

Defn: Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REAUMUR
Ré`au`mur", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur; conformed to the scale adopted by Réaumur in graduating the thermometer he invented. — n.

Defn: A Réaumur thermometer or scale.

Note: The Réaumur thermometer is so graduated that 0º marks the freezing point and 80º the boiling point of water. Frequently indicated by R. Cf. Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See Illust. of Thermometer.

REAVE Reave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reaved, Reft (, or Raft ( (obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaving.] Etym: [AS. reáfian, from reáf spoil, plunder, clothing, reófan to break (cf. bireófan to deprive of); akin to G. rauben to rob, Icel. raufa to rob, rjufa to break, violate, Goth. biráubon to despoil, L. rumpere to break; cf. Skr. lup to break. sq. root114. Cf. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe, Rove, v. t., Rupture.]

Defn: To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob;
to despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. "To reave his life." Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon. Chaucer.
By privy stratagem my life at home. Chapman.
To reave the orphan of his patrimony. Shak.
The heaven caught and reft him of his tongue. Tennyson.

REAVER
Reav"er, n.

Defn: One who reaves. [Archaic]

REAWAKE
Re`a*wake", v. i.

Defn: To awake again.

REBANISH
Re*ban"ish, v. t.

Defn: To banish again.

REBAPTISATION; REBAPTIZATION Re*bap`ti*sa"tion, Re*bap`ti*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rebaptisation.]

Defn: A second baptism. [Obs.] Hooker.

REBAPTISM
Re*bap"tism, n.

Defn: A second baptism.

REBAPTIZE Re`bap*tize", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + baptist: of F. rebaptiser, L. rebaptizare.]

Defn: To baptize again or a second time.

REBAPTIZER
Re`bap*tiz"er, n.

Defn: One who rebaptizes.

REBARBARIZE
Re*bar"ba*rize, v. t.

Defn: To reduce again to barbarism.
— Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion, n.
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology and religious wars.
Sir W. Hamilton.

REBATE Re*bate", v. t. Etym: [F. rebattre to beat again; pref re- re- + battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike. See Abate.]

1. To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point of, as a lance used for exercise. But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. Shak.

2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs duties. Blount. Rebated cross, a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the fylfot.

REBATE
Re*bate", v. i.

Defn: To abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe.

REBATE
Re*bate", n.

1. Diminution.

2. (Com.)

Defn: Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate payment; a rebate of importation duties. Bouvier.

REBATE
Re*bate", n. Etym: [See Rabbet.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet.

2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out mortar. Elmes.

3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for dressing and polishing wood. Elmes.

4. Etym: [Perhaps a different word.]

Defn: A kind of hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.] Elmes.

REBATE
Re*bate", v. t.

Defn: To cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v.

REBATEMENT
Re*bate"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish,
F. rabatre.]

Defn: Same as 3d Rebate, v.

REBATO
Re*ba"to, n.

Defn: Same as Rabato. Burton.

REBEC Re"bec, n. Etym: [F., fr. It. ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rabab a musical instrument of a round form.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the
violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow. [Written
also rebeck.] Milton.
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note. Drayton.

2. A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REBEL
Reb"el, a. Etym: [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]

Defn: Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt;
rebellious; as, rebel troops.
Whoso be rebel to my judgment. Chaucer.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. Milton.

REBEL
Reb"el, n. Etym: [F. rebelle.]

Defn: One who rebels.

Syn. — Revolter; insurgent. — Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an early, and rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them.

REBEL
Re*bel", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rebelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebelling.]
Etym: [F. rebeller, fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref. re-
again + bellare to make war, fr. bellum war. See Bellicose, and cf.
Revel to carouse.]

1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion. The murmur and the churl's rebelling. Chaucer. Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against the Lord. Josh. xxii. 16.

2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt. Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart How could you heart rebel against your reason Dryden.

REBELDOM
Reb"el*dom, n.

Defn: A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also, conduct o Thackeray.

REBELLER
Re*bel"ler, n.

Defn: One who rebels; a rebel.

REBELLION Re*bel"lion, n. Etym: [F. rébellion, L. rebellio. See Rebel, v. t. Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed war.]

1. The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and resistances to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt; insurrection. No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed than men of desperate principles resort to it. Ames.

2. Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful authority. Commission of rebellion (Eng. Law), a process of contempt on the nonappearance of a defendant, — non abolished. Wharton. Burrill.

Syn.
— Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances; contumacy.
See Insurrection.

REBELLIOUS
Re*bel"lious, a.

Defn: Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels
or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by force.
"Thy rebellious crew." "Proud rebellious arms." Milton.
— Re*bel"lious*ly, adv.
— Re*bel"lious*ness, n.

REBELLOW
Re*bel"low, v. i.

Defn: To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow.
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook. Dryden.

REBITING
Re*bit"ing, n. (Etching)

Defn: The act or process of deepening worn lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action if acid. Fairholt.

REBLOOM
Re*bloom", v. i.

Defn: To bloom again. Crabbe.

REBLOSSOM
Re*blos"som, v. i.

Defn: To blossom again.

REBOANT Re*bo"ant, a. Etym: [L. reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref. re- re- + boare to cry aloud.]

Defn: Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

REBOATION
Re`bo*a"tion, n.

Defn: Repetition of a bellow. [R.] Bp. Patrick.

REBOIL
Re*boil", v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. re- + boil: cf. F. rebouillir.]

1. To boil, or to cause to boil, again.

2. Fig.: To make or to become hot. [Obs.] Some of his companions thereat reboyleth. Sir T. Elyot.

REBORN
Re*born", p. p.

Defn: Born again.

REBOUND
Re*bound", v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + bound: cf. F. rebondir.]

1. To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on collision with another body; as, a rebounding echo. Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of elasticity, will not rebound from one another. Sir I. Newton.

2. To give back an echo. [R.] T. Warton.

3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse. Pope. Rebounding lock (Firearms), one in which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or primer.

REBOUND
Re*bound", v. t.

Defn: To send back; to reverberate.
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound. Dryden.

REBOUND
Re*bound", n.

Defn: The act of rebounding; resilience.
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift rebound. Dryden.

REBOZO
Re*bo"zo, n. [Sp. rebozo.]

Defn: A kind of mantilla worn by women over the head and shoulders, and sometimes over part of the face. [Mexico & Sp. Amer.]

REBRACE
Re*brace", v. t.

Defn: To brace again. Gray.

REBREATHE
Re*breathe", v. t.

Defn: To breathe again.

REBUCOUS
Re*bu"cous, a.

Defn: Rebuking. [Obs.]
She gave unto him many rebucous words. Fabyan.

REBUFF Re*buff", n. Etym: [It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse; pref. ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]

1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance. The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud. Milton.

2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal; repellence; rejection of solicitation.

REBUFF
Re*buff", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebuffing.]

Defn: To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously.

REBUILD
Re*build", v. t.

Defn: To build again, as something which has been demolished; to construct anew; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf, or a city.

REBUILDER
Re*build"er, n.

Defn: One who rebuilds. Bp. Bull.

REBUKABLE
Re*buk"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible. Shak.

REBUKE Re*buke", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuked; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebuking.] Etym: [OF. rebouquier to dull, blunt, F. reboucher; perhaps fr. pref. re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also bouque, L. bucca cheek; if so, the original sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]

Defn: To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily; to chide; to reprove; to admonish. The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered, Nor to rebuke the rich offender feared. Dryden.

Syn.
— To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence. See
Reprove.

REBUKE
Re*buke", n.

1. A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement;
punishment.
For thy sake I have suffered rebuke. Jer. xv. 15.
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not Shak.

2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.] L'Estrange. To be without rebuke, to live without giving cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.

REBUKEFUL
Re*buke"ful, a.

Defn: Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. [Obs.] —
Re*buke"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.]

REBUKER
Re*buk"er, n.

Defn: One who rebukes.

REBUKINGLY
Re*buk"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of rebuke.

REBULLITION
Re`bul*li"tion, n.

Defn: The act of boiling up or effervescing. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

REBURY
Re*bur"y, v. t.

Defn: To bury again. Ashmole.

REBUS Re"bus, n.; pl. Rebuses. Etym: [L. rebus by things, abl. pl. of res a thing: cf. F. rébus. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of res a thing: cf. F. rébus. Cf. 3d Real.]

1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation of words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of such representations.

Note: A gallant, in love with a woman named Rose Hill, had, embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a well, signifying, Rose Hill I love well.

2. (Her.)

Defn: A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the name of the person to whom it belongs. See Canting arms, under Canting.

REBUS
Re"bus, v. t.

Defn: To mark or indicate by a rebus. He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with More in text and Tun under it. Fuller.

REBUT
Re*but", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebutting.]
Etym: [OF. reb to repulse, drive back; pref. re- + bouter to push,
thrust. See 1st Butt, Boutade.]

1. To drive or beat back; to repulse. Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight, Perforce rebutted back. Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or countervailing proof. Abbott.

REBUT
Re*but", v. i.

1. To retire; to recoil. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Law)

Defn: To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on which
the defendant. Blackstone.

REBUTTABLE
Re*but"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being rebutted.

REBUTTAL
Re*but"tal, n. (Law)

Defn: The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same suit.

REBUTTER
Re*but"ter, n. (Law)

Defn: The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.

RECADENCY
Re*ca"den*cy, n.

Defn: A falling back or descending a second time; a relapse. W.
Montagu.

RECALCITRANT
Re*cal"ci*trant, a. Etym: [L. recalcitrans, p. pr. of recalcitrare to
kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to kick, fr. calx heel. Cf.
Inculcate.]

Defn: Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or opposition; refractory.

RECALCITRATE
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. t.

Defn: To kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff. The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and recalcitrate his tricks. De Quincey.

RECALCITRATE
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. i.

Defn: To kick back; to kick against anything; hence, to express repugnance or opposition.

RECALCITRATION
Re*cal`ci*tra"tion, n.

Defn: A kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.

RECALL
Re*call", v. t.

1. To call back; to summon to return; as, to recall troops; to recall an ambassador.

2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to withdraw; as, to recall words, or a decree. Passed sentence may not be recall'd. Shak.

3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect; to remember; as, to recall bygone days.

RECALL
Re*call", n.

1. A calling back; a revocation. 'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past recall. Dryden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which soldiers are recalled from duty, labor, etc. Wilhelm.

RECALLABLE
Re*call"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being recalled.

RECALLMENT
Re*call"ment, n.

Defn: Recall. [R.] R. Browning.

RECANT
Re*cant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Recanting.]
Etym: [L. recantare, recantatum, to recall, recant; pref. re- re- +
cantare to sing, to sound. See 3d Cant, Chant.]

Defn: To withdraw or repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to retract; to recall. How soon . . . ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void! Milton.

Syn.
— To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See
Renounce.

RECANT
Re*cant", v. i.

Defn: To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what has been said; to retract; as, convince me that I am wrong, and I will recant. Dryden.

RECANTATION
Re`can*ta"tion, n.

Defn: The act of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former one; that which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction. The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to make a public recantation. Bp. Stillingfleet.

RECANTER
Re*cant"er, n.

Defn: One who recants.

RECAPACITATE
Re`ca*pac"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To qualify again; to confer capacity on again. Atterbury.

RECAPITULATE Re*ca*pit"u*late, v. t. Etym: [L. recapitulare, recapitulatum; pref. re- re- + capitulum a small head, chapter, section. See Capitulate.]

Defn: To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to relate in brief; to summarize.

RECAPITULATE
Re`ca*pit"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously said; to repeat briefly the substance.

RECAPITULATION Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [LL. recapitulatio: cf. F. recapitulation.]

Defn: The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise statement or enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or statements, in a preceding discourse, argument, or essay.

RECAPITULATOR
Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who recapitulates.

RECAPITULATORY
Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.

RECAPPER
Re*cap"per, n. (Firearms)

Defn: A tool used for applying a fresh percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading it.

RECAPTION
Re*cap"tion, n. (Law)

Defn: The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest; reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them and who wrongfully detains them. Blackstone. Writ of recaption (Law), a writ to recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent or service, are distrained again for the same cause.Wharton.

RECAPTOR
Re*cap"tor, n.

Defn: One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been previously taken.

RECAPTURE
Re*cap"ture, n.

1. The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially, the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.

2. That which is captured back; a prize retaken.

RECAPTURE
Re*cap"ture, v. t.

Defn: To capture again; to retake.

RECARBONIZE
Re*car"bon*ize, v. t. (Metal.)

Defn: To restore carbon to; as, to recarbonize iron in converting it into steel.

RECARNIFY
Re*car"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To convert again into flesh. [Obs.] Howell.

RECARRIAGE
Re*car"riage, n.

Defn: Act of carrying back.

RECARRY
Re*car"ry, v. t.

Defn: To carry back. Walton.

RECAST
Re*cast", v. t.

1. To throw again. Florio.

2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new from a shape; to reconstruct; as, to recast cannon; to recast an argument or a play.

3. To compute, or cast up, a second time.

RECCHE
Rec"che, v. i.

Defn: To reck. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECCHELES
Rec"che*les, a.

Defn: Reckless. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECEDE
Re*cede", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Receded; p. pr. & vb. n. Receding.]
Etym: [L. recedere, recessum; pref. re- re- + cedere to go, to go
along: cf. F. recéder. See Cede.]

1. To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
Like the hollow roar Of tides receding from the instituted shore.
Dryden.
All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from the center.
Bentley.

2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; as, to recede from a demand or proposition.

Syn.
— To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw; desist.

RECEDE
Re*cede", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + cede. Cf. Recede, v. t.]

Defn: To cede back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor; as, to recede conquered territory.

RECEIPT Re*ceipt", n. Etym: [OE. receite, OF. recete, recepte, F. recette, fr. L. recipere, receptum, to receive. See Receive.]

1. The act of receiving; reception. "At the receipt of your letter." Shak.

2. Reception, as an act of hospitality. [Obs.] Thy kind receipt of me. Chapman.

3. Capability of receiving; capacity. [Obs.] It has become a place of great receipt. Evelyn.

4. Place of receiving. [Obs.] He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom. Matt. ix. 9.

5. Hence, a recess; a retired place. [Obs.] "In a retired receipt together lay." Chapman.

6. A formulary according to the directions of which things are to be taken or combined; a recipe; as, a receipt for making sponge cake. She had a receipt to make white hair black. Sir T. Browne.

7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.

8. That which is received; that which comes in, in distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the like; — usually in the plural; as, the receipts amounted to a thousand dollars. Cross receipts. See under Gross, a.

RECEIPT
Re*ceipt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Receipted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Receipting.]

1. To give a receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a sheriff.

2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; as, to receipt a bill.

RECEIPT
Re*ceipt", v. i.

Defn: To give a receipt, as for money paid.

RECEIPTMENT
Re*ceipt"ment, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly, after the commission of a felony. Burrill.

RECEIPTOR
Re*ceipt"or, n.

Defn: One who receipts; specifically (Law), one who receipts for property which has been taken by the sheriff.

RECEIT
Re*ceit", n.

Defn: Receipt. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECEIVABILITY
Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being receivable; receivableness.

RECEIVABLE
Re*ceiv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. recevable.]

Defn: Capable of being received.
— Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Bills receivable. See under 6th Bill.

RECEIVE
Re*ceive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Received; p. pr. & vb. n. Receiving.]
Etym: [OF. receiver, recevoir, F. recevoir, fr. L. recipere; pref.
re- re- + capere to take, seize. See See Capable, Heave, and cf.
Receipt, Reception, Recipe.]

1. To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; as, to receive money offered in payment of a debt; to receive a gift, a message, or a letter. Receyven all in gree that God us sent. Chaucer.

2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion, notion, etc.; to embrace. Our hearts receive your warnings. Shak. The idea of solidity we receives by our touch. Locke.

3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give credence or acceptance to. Many other things there be which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots. Mark vii. 4.

4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house, presence, company, and the like; as, to receive a lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger, etc. They kindled a fire, and received us every one. Acts xxviii. 2.

5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have capacity fro; to be able to take in. The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to receive the burnt offerings. 1 Kings viii. 64.

6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected to; as, to receive pleasure or pain; to receive a wound or a blow; to receive damage. Against his will he can receive no harm. Milton.

7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen.

8. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: To bat back (the ball) when served. Receiving ship, one on board of which newly recruited sailors are received, and kept till drafted for service.

Syn. — To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit. — Receive, Accept. To receive describes simply the act of taking. To accept denotes the taking with approval, or for the purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we receive a letter when it comes to hand; we receive news when it reaches us; we accept a present when it is offered; we accept an invitation to dine with a friend. Who, if we knew What we receive, would either not accept Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down. Milton.

RECEIVE
Re*ceive", v. i.

1. To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; as, she receives on Tuesdays.

2. (Lawn Tennis)

Defn: To return, or bat back, the ball when served; as, it is your turn to receive.

RECEIVEDNESS
Re*ceiv"ed*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being received, accepted, or current; as, the receivedness of an opinion. Boyle.

RECEIVER
Re*ceiv"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. receveur.]

1. One who takes or receives in any manner.

2. (Law)

Defn: A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its affairs, in certain cases. Bouvier.

3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen. Blackstone.

4. (Chem.) (a) A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving and condensing the product of distillation. (b) A vessel for receiving and containing gases.

5. (Pneumatics)

Defn: The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. Bell jar, and see Illust. of Air pump.

6. (Steam Engine) (a) A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound engine. (b) A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine.

7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at which the message is received and made audible; — opposed to transmitter. Exhausted receiver (Physics), a receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less complete vacuum.

RECEIVER'S CERTIFICATE
Re*ceiv"er's cer*tif"i*cate.

Defn: An acknowledgement of indebtedness made by a receiver under order of court to obtain funds for the preservation of the assets held by him, as for operating a railroad. Receivers' certificates are ordinarily a first lien on the assets, prior to that of bonds or other securities.

RECEIVERSHIP
Re*ceiv"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of a receiver.

RECELEBRATE
Re*cel"e*brate, v. t.

Defn: To celebrate again, or anew.
— Re*cel`e*bra"tion, n.

RECENCY
Re"cen*cy, n. Etym: [LL. recentia, fr. L. recens. See Recent.]

Defn: The state or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time; freshness; as, the recency of a transaction, of a wound, etc.

RECENSE Re*cense", v. t. Etym: [L. recensere; pref. re- again + censere to value, estimate: cf. F. recenser.]

Defn: To review; to revise. [R.] Bentley.

RECENSION
Re*cen"sion, n. Etym: [L. recensio: cf. F. recension.]

1. The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration. Barrow.

2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and establishment.

3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision; an edited version.

RECENSIONIST
Re*cen"sion*ist, n.

Defn: One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical editor.

RECENT
Re"cent, a. Etym: [L. recens, -entis: cf. F. récent.]

1. Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as, recent news. The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile. Woodward.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; as, recent shells.

RECENTER
Re*cen"ter, v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + center.]

Defn: To center again; to restore to the center. Coleridge.

RECENTLY
Re"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as, advices recently received.

RECENTNESS
Re"cent*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being recent.

RECEPTACLE Re*cep"ta*cle, n. Etym: [F. réceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr. receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to receive. See Receive.]

1. That which serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing something, as a basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository. O sacred receptacle of my joys! Shak.

2. (Bot.) (a) The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary. (b) The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a head of flowers. (c) An intercellular cavity containing oil or resin or other matters. (d) A special branch which bears the fructification in many cryptogamous plants.

RECEPTACULAR
Rec`ep*tac"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réceptaculaire.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the receptacular chaff or scales in the sunflower.

RECEPTACULUM
Rec`ep*tac"u*lum, n.; pl. Receptacula. Etym: [L.] (Anat.)

Defn: A receptacle; as, the receptaculum of the chyle.

RECEPTARY
Rec"ep*ta*ry, a.

Defn: Generally or popularly admitted or received. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

RECEPTARY
Rec"ep*ta*ry, n.

Defn: That which is received. [Obs.] "Receptaries of philosophy." Sir
T. Browne.

RECEPTIBILITY
Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

1. The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.

2. A receptible thing. [R.] Glanvill.

RECEPTIBLE
Re*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [L. receptibilis.]

Defn: Such as may be received; receivable.

RECEPTION Re*cep"tion, n. Etym: [F. réception, L. receptio, fr. recipere, receptum. See Receive.]

1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; as, the reception of food into the stomach; the reception of a letter; the reception of sensation or ideas; reception of evidence.

2. The state of being received.

3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; as, a hearty reception; an elaborate reception. What reception a poem may find. Goldsmith.

4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine. Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common reception countenanced. Locke.

5. A retaking; a recovery. [Obs.] Bacon.

RECEPTIVE
Re*cep"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. réceptif. See Receive.]

Defn: Having the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in,
absorb, hold, or contain; receiving or containing; as, a receptive
mind.
Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. Glanvill.

RECEPTIVENESS
Re*cep"tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being receptive.

RECEPTIVITY
Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réceptivité.]

1. The state or quality of being receptive.

2. (Kantian Philos.)

Defn: The power or capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external senses.

RECEPTORY
Re*cep"to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. receptorium a place of shelter.]

Defn: Receptacle. [Obs.] Holland.

RECESS
Re*cess", n. Etym: [L. recessus, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.]

1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as, the recess
of the tides.
Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and degradation from
rationality. South.
My recess hath given them confidence that I may be conquered. Eikon
Basilike.

2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.
In the recess of the jury they are to consider the evidence. Sir M.
Hale.
Good verse recess and solitude requires. Dryden.

3. Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or school. The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks. Macaulay.

4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove, niche, etc. A bed which stood in a deep recess. W. Irving.

5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion. Departure from his happy place, our sweet Recess, and only consolation left. Milton.

6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the difficulties and recesses of science. I. Watts.

7. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: A sinus.

RECESS
Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Recessing.]

Defn: To make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.

RECESS
Re*cess", n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A decree of the imperial diet of the old German empire. Brande & C.

RECESSED
Re*cessed", a.

1. Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed arch or wall.

2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.] "Comfortably recessed from curious impertinents." Miss Edgeworth. Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a series of arches constructed one within another so as to correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the like.

RECESSION
Re*ces"sion, n. Etym: [L. recessio, fr. recedere, recessum. See
Recede.]

Defn: The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim,
or a demand. South.
Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice. Jer. Taylor.

RECESSION
Re*ces"sion, n. Etym: [Pref. re- + cession.]

Defn: The act of ceding back; restoration; repeated cession; as, the recession of conquered territory to its former sovereign.

RECESSIONAL
Re*ces"sion*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal. Recessional hymn, a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir to the robing room.

RECESSIVE
Re*ces"sive, a.

Defn: Going back; receding.

RECHABITE
Re"chab*ite, n. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine. Jer. xxxv. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic liquors.

RECHANGE
Re*change", v. t. & i.

Defn: To change again, or change back.

RECHARGE
Re*charge", v. t. & i. Etym: [Pref. re- + charge: cf. F. recharger.]

1. To charge or accuse in return.

2. To attack again; to attack anew. Dryden.

RECHARTER
Re*char"ter, n.

Defn: A second charter; a renewal of a charter. D. Webster.

RECHARTER
Re*char"ter, v. t.

Defn: To charter again or anew; to grant a second or another charter to.

RECHASE
Re*chase", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + chase: cf. F. rechasser.]

Defn: To chase again; to chase or drive back.

RECHAUFFE Ré`chauf`fé", n. [F., orig. p.p. of réchauffer 8warm over. See Chafe, v. t.]

Defn: A dish of food that has been warmed again, hence, fig., something made up from old material; a rehash.

It is merely a réchauffé of ancient philosophies.
F. W. H. Myers.

RECHEAT
Re*cheat", n. Etym: [F. requêté, fr. requêter to hunt anew. See
Request.] (Sporting)

Defn: A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have lost track of the game.

RECHEAT
Re*cheat", v. i.

Defn: To blow the recheat. Drayton.

RECHERCHE
Re*cher`ché", a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in kind.

RECHLESS
Rech"less, a.

Defn: Reckless. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

RECHOOSE
Re*choose", v. t.

Defn: To choose again.

RECIDIVATE
Re*cid"i*vate, v. i. Etym: [LL. recidivare. See Recidivous.]

Defn: To baskslide; to fall again. [Obs.]

RECIDIVATION
Re*cid`i*va"tion, n. Etym: [LL. recidivatio.]

Defn: A falling back; a backsliding. Hammond.

RECIDIVISM
Re*cid"i*vism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being recidivous; relapse, specif.
(Criminology),

Defn: a falling back or relapse into prior criminal habits, esp. after conviction and punishment.

The old English system of recognizances, in which the guilty party
deposits a sum of money, is an excellent guarantee to society against
recidivism.
Havelock Ellis.

RECIDIVIST
Re*cid"i*vist, n.

Defn: One who is recidivous or is characterized by recidivism; an incorrigible criminal. — Re*cid`i*vis"tic (#), a.

The criminal by passion never becomes a recidivist, it is the social, not the antisocial, instincts that are strong within him, his crime is a solitary event in his life. Havelock Ellis.

RECIDIVOUS
Re*cid"i*vous, a. Etym: [L. r, fr. recidere to fall back.]

Defn: Tending or liable to backslide or r

RECIPE Rec"i*pe, n.; pl. Recipes. Etym: [L., imperative of recipere to take back, take in, receive. See Receive.]

Defn: A formulary or prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.

RECIPIANGLE
Re*cip"i*an`gle, n. Etym: [L. recipere to take + angulus angle.]

Defn: An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one end, and a graduated arc, — used by military engineers for measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.

RECIPIENCE; RECIPIENCY
Re*cip"i*ence, Re*cip"i*en*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving; reception; receptiveness.

RECIPIENT Re*cip"i*ent, n. Etym: [L. recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of recipere to receive: cf. F. récipient. See Receive.]

Defn: A receiver; the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.

RECIPIENT
Re*cip"i*ent, a.

Defn: Receiving; receptive.

RECIPROCAL
Re*cip"ro*cal, a. Etym: [L. reciprocus; of unknown origin.]

1. Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.

2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual; as, reciprocal love; reciprocal duties. Let our reciprocal vows be remembered. Shak.

3. Mutually interchangeable. These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing defined. I. Watts.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Reflexive; — applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.

5. (Math.)

Defn: Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases below. Reciprocal equation (Math.), one which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity. — Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures so related that the first corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second corresponds in the same way to the first. — Reciprocal proportion (Math.), a proportion such that, of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a reciprocal proportion, because 2:5: :1/20:1/8. — Reciprocal quantities (Math.), any two quantities which produce unity when multiplied together. — Reciprocal ratio (Math.), the ratio between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of 4 to 9 is that of ¼ to 1/9. — Reciprocal terms (Logic), those terms which have the same signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and may be used for each other.

Syn. — Mutual; alternate. — Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea of mutual is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same act; as, a mutual covenant; mutual affection, etc. The distinctive idea of reciprocal is, that one party acts by way of return or response to something previously done by the other party; as, a reciprocal kindness; reciprocal reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of the other. To make it mutual in the strictest sense, the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but as the result is the same, the two words are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case where the action is reciprocal, but not mutual.

RECIPROCAL
Re*cip"ro*cal, n.

1. That which is reciprocal to another thing. Corruption is a reciprocal to generation. Bacon.

2. (Arith. & Alg.)

Defn: The quotient arising from dividing unity by any quantity; thus ¼ is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a + b) is the reciprocal of a + b. The reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the denominator divided by the numerator.

RECIPROCALITY
Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.
[R.]

RECIPROCALLY
Re*cip"ro*cal*ly, adv.

1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually. These two particles to reciprocally affect each other with the same force. Bentley.

2. (Math.)

Defn: In the manner of reciprocals. Reciprocally proportional (Arith. & Alg.), proportional, as two variable quantities, so that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the other.

RECIPROCALNESS
Re*cip"ro*cal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return; alternateness.

RECIPROCATE
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reciprocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reciprocating.] Etym: [L. reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See
Reciprocal.]

Defn: To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate. One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows reciprocating air. Dryden. Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; — in distinction from a rotary engine, in which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a circular path. — Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.

RECIPROCATE
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t.

Defn: To give and return mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to unterchange; to alternate; as, to reciprocate favors. Cowper.

RECIPROCATION
Re*cip`ro*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. reciprocatio: cf. F. reciprocation.]

1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and returning; as, the reciprocation of kindness.

2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of the sea in the flow and ebb of tides. Sir T. Browne.

RECIPROCITY
Rec`i*proc"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réciprocité. See Reciprocal.]

1. Mutual action and reaction.

2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation. Reciprocity treaty, or Treaty of reciprocity, a treaty concluded between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or charges on imports, or in other respects.

Syn.
— Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.

RECIPROCORNOUS Re*cip`ro*cor"nous, a. Etym: [L. reciprocus returning, reciprocal + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having horns turning backward and then forward, like those of a ram. [R.] Ash.

RECIPROCOUS
Re*cip"ro*cous, a.

Defn: Reciprocal. [Obs.]

RECIPROK
Rec"i*prok, a. Etym: [F. réciproque, L. reciprocus.]

Defn: Reciprocal. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

RECIPROQUE
Rec"i*proque, a. & n. Etym: [F. réciproque.]

Defn: Reciprocal. Bacon.

RECISION Re*ci"sion, n. Etym: [L. recisio, fr. recidere, recisum, to cut off; pref. re- re- + caedere to cut.]

Defn: The act of cutting off. Sherwood.

RECITAL
Re*cit"al, n. Etym: [From Recite.]

1. The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal; as, the recital of testimony.

2. A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration. Addison.

3. That which is recited; a story; a narration.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; — distinguished from concert; as, a song recital; an organ, piano, or violin recital.

5. (Law)

Defn: The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive allegation. Burn.

Syn. — Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See Account.

RECITATION
Rec`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. recitatio: cf. F. récitation. See
Recite.]

1. The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences. Hammond.

2. The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so delivered.

3. (Colleges and Schools)

Defn: The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.

RECITATIVE
Rec`i*ta*tive", n. Etym: [It. recitativo, or F. récitatif. See
Recite.] (Mus.)

Defn: A species of musical recitation in which the words are delivered in manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music intended for such recitation; — opposed to melisma.

RECITATIVE
Rec`i*ta*tive", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of recitative. — Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv.

RECITATIVO
Rec`i*ta*ti"vo, n. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Recitative.

RECITE
Re*cite", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr. & vb. n. Reciting.]
Etym: [F. réciter, fr. L. recitare, recitatum; pref. re- re- + citare
to call or name, to cite. See Cite.]

1. To repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like; to deliver from a written or printed document, or from recollection; to rehearse; as, to recite the words of an author, or of a deed or covenant.

2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate; as, to recite past events; to recite the particulars of a voyage.

3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.

4. (Law)

Defn: To state in or as a recital. See Recital, 5.

Syn. — To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate; detail; number; count.

RECITE
Re*cite", v. i.

Defn: To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.

RECITE
Re*cite", n.

Defn: A recital. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

RECITER
Re*cit"er, n.

Defn: One who recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.

RECK Reck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recked (obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. & vb. n. Recking.] Etym: [AS. reccan, remccan, to care for; akin to OS. rokian, OHG. ruochan, G. geruhen, Icel. rækja, also to E. reckon, rake an implement. See Rake, and cf. Reckon.]

1. To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard. [Archaic] This son of mine not recking danger. Sir P. Sidney. And may you better reck the rede Than ever did the adviser. Burns.

2. To concern; — used impersonally. [Poetic] What recks it them Milton.

RECK
Reck, v. i.

Defn: To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; — often
followed by of. [Archaic]
Then reck I not, when I have lost my life. Chaucer.
I reck not though I end my life to-day. Shak.
Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire. M. Arnold.

RECKLESS
Reck"less, a. Etym: [AS. recceleás, receleás.]

1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent. Chaucer.

2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless. It made the king as reckless as them diligent. Sir P. Sidney.

Syn.
— Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent;
indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash.
— Reck"less*ly, adv.
— Reck"less*ness, n.

RECKLING
Reck"ling, a.

Defn: Needing care; weak; feeble; as, a reckling child. H. Taylor.
— n.

Defn: A weak child or animal. Tennyson.

RECKON Reck"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reckoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Reckoning.] Etym: [OE. rekenen, AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D. rekenen to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG. rahnjan), and to E. reck, rake an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring together, count together. See Reck, v. t.]

1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
The priest shall reckon to him the money according to the years that
remain. Lev. xxvii. 18.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.
Addison.

2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute. He was reckoned among the transgressors. Luke xxii. 37. For him I reckon not in high estate. Milton.

3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain
quality or value.
Faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. Rom. iv. 9.
Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for a crime.
Hawthorne.

4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; — followed by an objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

Syn. — To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value; esteem; account; repute. See Calculate, Guess.

RECKON
Reck"on, v. i.

1. To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing. Shak.

2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of desert or penalty. "Parfay," sayst thou, "sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer. To reckon for, to answer for; to pay the account for. "If they fail in their bounden duty, they shall reckon for it one day." Bp. Sanderson. — To reckon on or upon, to count or depend on. — To reckon with, to settle accounts or claims with; — used literally or figuratively. After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth with them. Matt. xxv. 19. — To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon erroneously.

RECKONER
Reck"on*er, n.

Defn: One who reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning. Reckoners without their host must reckon twice. Camden.

RECKONING
Reck"on*ing, n.

1. The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or counting; calculation. Specifically: (a) An account of time. Sandys. (b) Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of obligations, liabilities, etc. Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way to make reckonings even is to make them often. South. He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and memorable reckoning had arrived. Macaulay.

2. The charge or account made by a host at an inn. A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a reckoning. Addison.

3. Esteem; account; estimation. You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Navigation) (a) The calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, — in the latter case called dead reckoning (see under Dead); — also used fro dead reckoning in contradistinction to observation. (b) The position of a ship as determined by calculation. To be out of her reckoning, to be at a distance from the place indicated by the reckoning; — said of a ship.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", v. t.

Defn: To claim back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt
to recover possession of.
A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually
reclaiming its prior occupancy. W. Coxe.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclaimed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclaiming.] Etym: [F. réclamer, L. reclamare, reclamatum, to cry out
against; pref. re- re- + clamare to call or cry aloud. See Claim.]

1. To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a certain customary call. Chaucer.

2. To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to, for the purpose of subduing or quieting. The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were deaf to his reclaiming them. Dryden.

3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under discipline; — said especially of birds trained for the chase, but also of other animals. "An eagle well reclaimed." Dryden.

4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor, cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild, desert, waste, submerged, or the like; as, to reclaim wild land, overflowed land, etc.

5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or course of life; to reform. It is the intention of Providence, in all the various expressions of his goodness, to reclaim mankind. Rogers.

6. To correct; to reform; — said of things. [Obs.] Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial. Sir E. Hoby.

7. To exclaim against; to gainsay. [Obs.] Fuller.

Syn.
— To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", v. i.

1. To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions. Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church reclaims, and Christian ears would not hear it. Waterland. At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton. Bain.

2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform. They, hardened more by what might most reclaim, Grieving to see his glory . . . took envy. Milton.

3. To draw back; to give way. [R. & Obs.] Spenser.

RECLAIM
Re*claim", n.

Defn: The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed; reclamation; recovery. [Obs.]

RECLAIMABLE
Re*claim"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be reclaimed.

RECLAIMANT
Re*claim"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réclamant, p. pr.]

Defn: One who reclaims; one who cries out against or contradicts.

RECLAIMER
Re*claim"er, n.

Defn: One who reclaims.

RECLAIMLESS
Re*claim"less, a.

Defn: That can not be reclaimed.

RECLAMATION
Rec`la*ma"tion, n. Etym: [F. réclamation, L. reclamatio. See
Reclaim.]

1. The act or process of reclaiming.

2. Representation made in opposition; remonstrance. I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity and of justice, try clemency. Landor.

RECLASP
Re*clasp", v. i.

Defn: To clasp or unite again.

RECLINANT
Re*clin"ant, a. Etym: [L. reclinans, p. pr. See Recline.]

Defn: Bending or leaning backward.

RECLINATE
Rec"li*nate, a. Etym: [L. reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.)

Defn: Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.

RECLINATION
Rec`li*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. réclinaison.]

1. The act of leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.

2. (Dialing)

Defn: The angle which the plane of the dial makes with a vertical plane which it intersects in a horizontal line. Brande & C.

3. (Surg.)

Defn: The act or process of removing a cataract, by applying the needle to its anterior surface, and depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way that front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and its back surface the lower one. Dunglison.

RECLINE
Re*cline", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclined; p. pr. & vb. n. Reclining.]
Etym: [L. reclinare; pref. re- re- + clinare to lean, incline. See
Incline, Lean to incline.]

Defn: To cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in a recumbent position; as, to recline the head on the hand. The mother Reclined her dying head upon his breast. Dryden.

RECLINE
Re*cline", v. i.

1. To lean or incline; as, to recline against a wall.

2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; as, to recline on a couch.

RECLINE
Re*cline", a. Etym: [L. reclinis. See Recline, v. t.]

Defn: Having a reclining posture; leaning; reclining. [R.]
They sat, recline On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.
Milton.

RECLINED
Re*clined", a. (Bot.)

Defn: Falling or turned downward; reclinate.

RECLINER
Re*clin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reclines.

RECLINING Re*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) (a) Bending or curving gradually back from the perpendicular. (b) Recumbent. Reclining dial, a dial whose plane is inclined to the vertical line through its center. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.).

RECLOSE
Re*close", v. t.

Defn: To close again. Pope.

RECLOTHE
Re*clothe", v. t.

Defn: To clothe again.

RECLUDE Re*clude", v. t. Etym: [L. recludere to unclose, open; pref. re- again, back, un- + claudere to shut.]

Defn: To open; to unclose. [R.] Harvey.

RECLUSE Re*cluse", a. Etym: [L. reclus, L. reclusus, from recludere, reclusum, to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See Close.]

Defn: Shut up, sequestered; retired from the world or from public
notice; solitary; living apart; as, a recluse monk or hermit; a
recluse life
In meditation deep, recluse From human converse. J. Philips.

RECLUSE
Re*cluse", n. Etym: [F. reclus, LL. reclusus. See Recluse, a.]

1. A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class of secluded devotees who live in single cells; usually attached to monasteries.

2. The place where a recluse dwells. [Obs.] Foxe.

RECLUSE
Re*cluse", v. t.

Defn: To shut; to seclude. [Obs.]

RECLUSELY
Re*cluse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a recluse or solitary manner.

RECLUSENESS
Re*cluse"ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being recluse.

RECLUSION
Re*clu"sion, n. Etym: [LL. reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.]

Defn: A state of retirement from the world; seclusion.

RECLUSIVE
Re*clu"sive, a.

Defn: Affording retirement from society. "Some reclusive and religious life." Shak.

RECLUSORY
Re*clu"so*ry, n. Etym: [LL. reclosorium.]

Defn: The habitation of a recluse; a hermitage.

RECOCT Re*coct", v. t. Etym: [L. recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to cook or boil over again. See Re-, and 4th Cook.]

Defn: To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to reconstruct. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

RECOCTION
Re*coc"tion, n.

Defn: A second coction or preparation; a vamping up.

RECOGNITION
Rec`og*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. recognitio: cf. F. recognition. See
Recognizance.]

Defn: The act of recognizing, or the state of being recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or avowed; notice. The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly memorials, solemn recognition in the church of God. Hooker.

RECOGNITOR
Re*cog"ni*tor, n. Etym: [LL.] (Law)

Defn: One of a jury impaneled on an assize. Blackstone.

RECOGNITORY
Re*cog"ni*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.

RECOGNIZABILITY
Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being recognizable.

RECOGNIZABLE
Rec"og*ni`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being recognized. [Written also recognisable.] —
Rec"og*ni`za*bly, adv.

RECOGNIZANCE Re*cog"ni*zance, n. Etym: [F. reconnaissance, OF. recognoissance, fr. recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to recognize, F. reconnaître, fr. L. recognoscere; pref. re- re- + cognoscere to know. See Cognizance, Know, and cf. Recognize, Reconnoissance.] [Written also recognisance.]

1. (Law) (a) An obligation of record entered into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond, being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal. (b) The verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize. Cowell.

Note: Among lawyers the g in this and the related words (except recognize) is usually silent.

2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge. That recognizance and pledge of love Which I first gave her. Shak.

3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession; recognition.

RECOGNIZATION
Re*cog`ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: Recognition. [R.]

RECOGNIZE
Rec"og*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recognized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recognizing.] Etym: [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and cf.
Reconnoiter.] [Written also recognise.]

1. To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of. Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen. Harte.

2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal acknowledgment; as, to recognize an obligation; to recognize a consul.

3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation, bowing, or the like.

4. To show appreciation of; as, to recognize services by a testimonial.

5. To review; to reëxamine. [Obs.] South.

6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.] R. Monro.

Syn.
— To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede. See
Acknowledge.

RECOGNIZE
Rec"og*nize, v. i. (Law)

Defn: To enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; as, A, B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars. [Written also recognise.]

Note: In legal usage in the United States the second syllable is often accented.

RECOGNIZEE
Re*cog`ni*zee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person in whose favor a recognizance is made. [Written also recognisee.] Blackstone.

RECOGNIZER
Rec"og*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who recognizes; a recognizor. [Written also recogniser.]

RECOGNIZOR; RECOGNISOR
Re*cog`ni*zor", Re*cog`ni*sor", n. (Law)

Defn: One who enters into a recognizance. [Written also recognisor.]
Blackstone.

RECOGNOSCE
Rec"og*nosce, v. t. Etym: [L. recognoscere. See Recognizance.]

Defn: To recognize. [R. & Obs.] Boyle.

RECOIL Re*coil", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recoiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Recoiling.] Etym: [OE. recoilen, F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re- re- + culus the fundament. The English word was perhaps influenced in form by accoil.]

1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to return. Evil on itself shall back recoil. Milton. The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we should recoil into our ordinary spirits. De Quincey.

2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing, alarming, or the like; to shrink. Shak.

3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire. [Obs.] "To your bowers recoil." Spenser.

RECOIL
Re*coil", v. t.

Defn: To draw or go back. [Obs.] Spenser.

RECOIL
Re*coil", n.

1. A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as, the recoil of nature, or of the blood.

2. The state or condition of having recoiled. The recoil from formalism is skepticism. F. W. Robertson.

3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when discharged. Recoil dynamometer (Gunnery), an instrument for measuring the force of the recoil of a firearm. — Recoil escapement See the Note under Escapement.

RECOILER
Re*coil"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, recoils.

RECOILINGLY
Re*coil"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a recoil.

RECOILMENT
Re*coil"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. reculement.]

Defn: Recoil. [R.]

RECOIN
Re*coin", v. t.

Defn: To coin anew or again.

RECOINAGE
Re*coin"age, n.

1. The act of coining anew.

2. That which is coined anew.

RE-COLLECT
Re`-col*lect", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + collect.]

Defn: To collect again; to gather what has been scattered; as, to re-
collect routed troops.
God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our scattered dust.
Barrow.

RECOLLECT
Rec`ol*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recollected; imp. & p. p.
Recollecting.] Etym: [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L. recolligere,
recollectum, to collect. Cf. Recollet.]

1. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory; to remember.

2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover self-command; as, to recollect one's self after a burst of anger; — sometimes, formerly, in the perfect participle. The Tyrian queen . . . Admired his fortunes, more admired the man; Then recollected stood. Dryden.

RECOLLECT
Rec"ol*lect, n. Etym: [See Recollet.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A friar of the Strict Observance, — an order of Franciscans.
[Written also Recollet.] Addis & Arnold.

RECOLLECTION
Rec`ol*lec"tion (rk`l*lk"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. récollection.]

1. The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the operation by which objects are recalled to the memory, or ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence; remembrance.

2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which things can be recollected; remembrance; memory; as, an event within my recollection.

3. That which is recollected; something called to mind; reminiscence. "One of his earliest recollections." Macaulay.

4. The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control. [Archaic] From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity and recollection. Robertson.

Syn.
— Reminiscence; remembrance. See Memory.

RECOLLECTIVE
Rec`ol*lect"ive (-lk"tv), a.

Defn: Having the power of recollecting. J. Foster.

RECOLLET Rec"ol*let (rk"l*lt; F. r`k`l"), n. Etym: [F. récollet, fr. L. recollectus, p.p. of recolligere to gather again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp. for religious contemplation.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Recollect, n.

RECOLONIZATION
Re*col`o*ni*za"tion (r*kl`*n*z"shn), n.

Defn: A second or renewed colonization.

RECOLONIZE
Re*col"o*nize (r*kl"*nz), v. t.

Defn: To colonize again.

RECOMBINATION
Re*com`bi*na"tion (r*km`b*n"shn), n.

Defn: Combination a second or additional time.

RECOMBINE
Re`com*bine" (r`km*bn"), v. t.

Defn: To combine again.

RECOMFORT Re*com"fort (r*km"frt), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + comfort: cf. F. réconforter.]

Defn: To comfort again; to console anew; to give new strength to.
Bacon.
Gan her recomfort from so sad affright. Spenser.

RECOMFORTLESS
Re*com"fort*less, a.

Defn: Without comfort. [Obs.]

RECOMFORTURE
Re*com"for*ture (-fr*tr;135), n.

Defn: The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort. [Obs.] Shak.

RECOMMENCE
Re`com*mence" (r`km*mns"), v. i.

1. To commence or begin again. Howell.

2. To begin anew to be; to act again as. [Archaic.] He seems desirous enough of recommencing courtier. Johnson.

RECOMMENCE Re`com*mence", v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + commence: cf. F. recommencer.]

Defn: To commence again or anew.

RECOMMENCEMENT
Re`com*mence"ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: A commencement made anew.

RECOMMEND Rec`om*mend" (rk`m*mnd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recommended; p. pr. & vb. n. Recommending.] Etym: [Pref. re- + commend: cf. F. recommander.]

1. To commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit to another's care, confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on; as, he recommended resting the mind and exercising the body. Mæcenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious to posterity. Dryden.

2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to. A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Succeeds, and e'en a stranger recommends. Pope.

3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend. Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the grace of God. Acts xv. 40 .

RECOMMENDABLE
Rec`om*mend"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. recommandable.]

Defn: Suitable to be recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.
Glanvill.
— Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness, n.
— Rec`om*mend"a*bly, adv.

RECOMMENDATION
Rec`om*men*da"tion (rk`m*mn*d"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. recommandation.]

1. The act of recommending.

2. That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception, or to secure acceptance and adoption; as, he brought excellent recommendations.

3. The state of being recommended; esteem. [R.] The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an extraordinary recommendation amongst the ancient. Sir T. North.

RECOMMENDATIVE
Rec`om*mend"a*tive (-mnd"*tv), n.

Defn: That which recommends; a recommendation. [Obs.]

RECOMMENDATORY
Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry (-*t*r), a.

Defn: Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory. Swift.

RECOMMENDER
Rec`om*mend"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who recommends.

RECOMMISSION
Re`com*mis"sion (r`km*mshn), v. t.

Defn: To commission again; to give a new commission to.
Officers whose time of service had expired were to be recommissioned.
Marshall.

RECOMMIT
Re`com*mit" (-mt"), v. t.

Defn: To commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to refer again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to the same committee.

RECOMMITMENT; RECOMMITTAL
Re`com*mit"ment (-mnt), Re`com*mit"tal (-l), n.

Defn: A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a committee.

RECOMPACT
Re`com*pact" (-pkt"), v. t.

Defn: To compact or join anew. "Recompact my scattered body." Donne.

RECOMPENSATION
Re*com`pen*sa"tion (r*km`pn*s"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. LL. recompensatio.]

1. Recompense. [Obs.]

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded by the defendant is met by a set-off pleaded by the plaintiff.

RECOMPENSE Rec"om*pense (rèk"òm*pèns), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recompensed (-pnst); p. pr. & vb. n. Recompensing (-pn`sng).] Etym: [F. récompenser, LL. recompensare, fr.L. pref. re- re- + compensare to compensate. See Compensate.]

1. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to remunerate; to compensate. He can not recompense me better. Shak.

2. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone
for; to pay for.
God recompenseth the gift. Robynson (More's Utopia).
To recompense My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed. Milton.

3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved. [R.] Recompense to no man evil for evil. Rom. xii. 17.

Syn.
— To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate.

RECOMPENSE
Rec"om*pense (rk"m*pns), v. i.

Defn: To give recompense; to make amends or requital. [Obs.]

RECOMPENSE
Rec"om*pense, n. Etym: [Cf. F. récompense.]

Defn: An equivalent returned for anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable return. To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense. Deut. xxii. 35. And every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense of reward. Heb. ii. 2.

Syn. — Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends; satisfaction; reward; requital.

RECOMPENSEMENT
Rec"om*pense`ment (-pns`mnt), n.

Defn: Recompense; requital. [Obs.] Fabyan.

RECOMPENSER
Rec"om*pen`ser (-pn`sr), n.

Defn: One who recompenses.
A thankful recompenser of the benefits received. Foxe.

RECOMPENSIVE
Rec"om*pen`sive (-sv), a.

Defn: Of the nature of recompense; serving to recompense. Sir T.
Browne.

RECOMPILATION
Re*com`pi*la"tion (r*km`p*l"tion), n.

Defn: A new compilation.

RECOMPILE
Re`com*pile" (re`kòm*pil"), v. t.

Defn: To compile anew.

RECOMPILEMENT
Re`com*pile"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; as, a recompilement of the laws. Bacon.

RECOMPOSE Re`com*pose" (-pz"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recomposed (-pzd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Recomposing.] Etym: [Pref. re- + compose: cf. F. recomposer.]

1. To compose again; to form anew; to put together again or repeatedly. The far greater number of the objects presented to our observation can only be decomposed, but not actually recomposed. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize; as, to recompose the mind. Jer. Taylor.

RECOMPOSER
Re`com*pos"er (-pz"r), n.

Defn: One who recomposes.

RECOMPOSITION
Re*com`po*si"tion (r*km`pzshn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. recomposition.]

Defn: The act of recomposing.

RECONCENTRADO Re*con`cen*tra"do, n. [Sp., p.p. of reconcentrar to inclose, to reconcentrate.]

Defn: Lit., one who has been reconcentrated; specif., in Cuba, the Philippines, etc., during the revolution of 1895-98, one of the rural noncombatants who were concentrated by the military authorities in areas surrounding the fortified towns, and later were reconcentrated in the smaller limits of the towns themselves.

RECONCENTRATE
Re`con*cen"trate, v. t. & i.

Defn: To concentrate again; to concentrate thoroughly.

RECONCENTRATION
Re*con`cen*tra"tion, n.

Defn: The act of reconcentrating or the state of being reconcentrated; esp., the act or policy of concentrating the rural population in or about towns and villages for convenience in political or military administration, as in Cuba during the revolution of 1895-98.

RECONCILABLE
Rec"on*ci`la*ble (rk"n*s`l*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réconciliable.]

Defn: Capable of being reconciled; as, reconcilable adversaries; an
act reconciable with previous acts.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships are reconcilable.
Arbuthnot.
— Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n.
— Rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.

RECONCILE Rec"on*cile` (-sl`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reconciled (-sld`); p. pr. & vb. n. Reconciling.] Etym: [F. réconcilier, L. reconciliare; pref. re- re- + conciliare to bring together, to unite. See Conciliate.]

1. To cause to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at variance; as, to reconcile persons who have quarreled. Propitious now and reconciled by prayer. Dryden. The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be reconciled [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the bishop. Chaucer. We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.

2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission; as, to reconcile one's self to affictions.

3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or suitableness; — followed by with or to. The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual labor with affairs of state. Locke. Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear, Considered singly, or beheld too near; Which, but proportioned to their light or place, Due distance reconciles to form and grace. Pope.

4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences.

Syn.
— To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.

RECONCILE
Rec"on*cile`, v. i.

Defn: To become reconciled. [Obs.]

RECONCILEMENT
Rec"on*cile`ment (-ment), n.

Defn: Reconciliation. Milton.

RECONCILER
Rec"on*ci`ler (-s`lr), n.

Defn: One who reconciles.

RECONCILIATION Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (-sl`*"shn), n. Etym: [F. réconciliation, L. reconciliatio.]

1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship. Reconciliation and friendship with God really form the basis of all rational and true enjoyment. S. Miller.

2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency;
harmony.
A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming inconsistencies of
Scripture. D. Rogers.

Syn. — Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement; propitiation; atonement; expiation.

RECONCILIATORY
Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-sl"**t*r), a.

Defn: Serving or tending to reconcile. Bp. Hall.

RECONDENSATION
Re*con`den*sa"tion (r*kn`dn*s"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of recondensing.

RECONDENSE
Re`con*dense" (r`kn*dns"), v. t.

Defn: To condense again.

RECONDITE Rec"on*dite (rk"n*dt or r*kn"dt;277), a. Etym: [L. reconditus, p. p. of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. re- re- + condere to bring or lay together. See Abscond.]

1. Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as, recondite causes of things.

2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as, recondite studies. "Recondite learning." Bp. Horsley.

RECONDITORY
Re*con"di*to*ry (rkn"d*t*r), n. Etym: [LL. reconditorium.]

Defn: A repository; a storehouse. [Obs.] Ash.

RECONDUCT
Re`con*duct" (r`kn*dkt"), v. t.

Defn: To conduct back or again. "A guide to reconduct thy steps."
Dryden.

RECONFIRM Re`con*firm" (-frm"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F. reconfirmer.]

Defn: To confirm anew. Clarendon.

RECONFORT
Re`con*fort" (-frt"), v. t. Etym: [F. réconforter.]

Defn: To recomfort; to comfort. [Obs.] Chaucer.

RECONJOIN
Re`con*join" (r`kn*join"), v. t.

Defn: To join or conjoin anew. Boyle.

RECONNOISSANCE; RECONNAISSANCE
Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance (r-kn"ns-sns), n. Etym: [F. See
Recognizance.]

Defn: The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or survey. Specifically: (a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region in reference to its general geological character. (b) (Engin.)

Defn: An examination of a region as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work. (c) (Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory expedition. Reconnoissance in force (Mil.), a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the purpose of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.

RECONNOITER; RECONNOITRE Rec`on*noi"ter, Rec`on*noi"tre (rk`n*noi"tr), v. t. Etym: [F. reconnoitre, a former spelling of reconnaître. See Recognize.]

1. To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.

2. To recognize. [Obs.] Sir H. Walpole.

RECONQUER Re*con"quer (r*kn"kr), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F. reconquérir.]

Defn: To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a revolted province.

RECONQUEST
Re*con"quest (-kwst), n.

Defn: A second conquest.

RECONSECRATE
Re*con"se*crate (-kn"s*krt), v. t.

Defn: To consecrate anew or again.

RECONSECRATION
Re*con`se*cra"tion, n.

Defn: Renewed consecration.

RECONSIDER
Re`con*sid"er (r`kn*sd"r), v. t.

1. To consider again; as, to reconsider a subject.

2. (Parliamentary Practice)

Defn: To take up for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon.

RECONSIDERATION
Re`con*sid`er*a"tion (-"shn), n.

Defn: The act of reconsidering, or the state of being reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a legislative body.

RECONSOLATE
Re*con"so*late (r*kn"s*lt), v. t.

Defn: To console or comfort again. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

RECONSOLIDATE
Re`con*sol"i*date (r`kn*sl"*dt), v. t.

Defn: To consolidate anew or again.

RECONSOLIDATION
Re`con*sol`i*da"tion (-d"shn), n.

Defn: The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.

RECONSTRUCT
Re`con*struct" (-strkt"), v. t.

Defn: To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or
anew.
Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed. Macaulay.

RECONSTRUCTION
Re`con*struc"tion (-strk"shn), n.

1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.

2. (U.S. Politics)

Defn: The act or process of reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of reëstablishing their constitutional relations to the national government, after the close of the Civil War.

RECONSTRUCTIVE
Re`con*struct"ive (-strk"tv), a.

Defn: Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a reconstructive policy.

RECONTINUANCE
Re`con*tin"u*ance (-tn"*ns), n.

Defn: The act or state of recontinuing.

RECONTINUE
Re`con*tin"ue (-), v. t. & i.

Defn: To continue anew.

RECONVENE
Re`con*vene" (r`kn*vn"), v. t. & i.

Defn: To convene or assemble again; to call or come together again.

RECONVENTION
Re`con*ven"tion (-vn"shn), n. (Civil Law)

Defn: A cross demand; an action brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge. Burrill. Bouvier.

RECONVERSION
Re`con*ver"sion (-vr"shn), n.

Defn: A second conversion.

RECONVERT
Re`con*vert" (-vrt"), v. t.

Defn: To convert again. Milton.

RECONVERT
Re*con"vert (r*kn"vrt), n.

Defn: A person who has been reconverted. Gladstone.

RECONVERTIBLE
Re`con*vert"i*ble (r`kn*vrt"*b'l), a. (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being reconverted; convertible again to the original form or condition.

RECONVEY
Re`con*vey" (-v"), v. t.

1. To convey back or to the former place; as, to reconvey goods.

2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to reconvey an estate.

RECONVEYANCE
Re`con*vey"ance (-v"ns), n.

Defn: Act of reconveying.

RECOPY
Re*cop"y (r*kp"), v. t.

Defn: To copy again.

RECORD
Re*cord" (r*krd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recording.] Etym: [OE. recorden to repeat, remind, F. recorder, fr.
L. recordari to remember; pref. re- re- + cor, cordis, the heart or
mind. See Cordial, Heart.]

1. To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate. [Obs.] "I it you record." Chaucer.

2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play. [Obs.] They longed to see the day, to hear the lark Record her hymns, and chant her carols blest. Fairfax.

3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note of; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to enroll; as, to record the proceedings of a court; to record historical events. Those things that are recorded of him . . . are written in the chronicles of the kings. 1 Esd. i. 42. To record a deed, mortgage, lease, etc., to have a copy of the same entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the information of the public.

RECORD
Re*cord", v. i.

1. To reflect; to ponder. [Obs.] Praying all the way, and recording upon the words which he before had read. Fuller.

2. To sing or repeat a tune. [Obs.] Shak. Whether the birds or she recorded best. W. Browne.

RECORD Rec"ord (rk"rd), n. Etym: [OF. recort, record, remembrance, attestation, record. See Record, v. t.]

1. A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of temperature during a certain time; a family record.

2. Especially: (a) An official contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some public body, or public officer, are recorded; as, a record of city ordinances; the records of the receiver of taxes. (b) An authentic official copy of a document which has been entered in a book, or deposited in the keeping of some officer designated by law. (c) An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record. (d) The various legal papers used in a case, together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; as, it is not permissible to allege facts not in the record.

3. Testimony; witness; attestation. John bare record, saying. John i. 32 .

4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or events; a monument; a memorial.

5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as in the life of a public man; as, a politician with a good or a bad record.

6. That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race. Court of record (pron. rin Eng.), a court whose acts and judicial proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual memorial. — Debt of record, a debt which appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a cognizance. — Trial by record, a trial which is had when a matter of record is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such record. In this case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other evidence being admissible. Blackstone. — To beat, or break, the record (Sporting), to surpass any performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; as, to break the record in a walking match.

RECORDANCE
Re*cord"ance (r*krd"ns), n.

Defn: Remembrance. [Obs.]

RECORDATION Rec`or*da"tion (rk`r*d"shn), n. Etym: [L. recordatio: cf. F. recordation. See Record, v. t.]

Defn: Remembrance; recollection; also, a record. [Obs.] Shak.

RECORDER
Re*cord"er (r*krd"r), n.

1. One who records; specifically, a person whose official duty it is to make a record of writings or transactions.

2. The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central Criminal Court.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet. [Obs.]
"Flutes and soft recorders." Milton.

RECORDERSHIP
Re*cord"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a recorder.

RECORDING
Re*cord"ing, a.

Defn: Keeping a record or a register; as, a recording secretary; — applied to numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which makes a record of their action; as, a recording gauge or telegraph.

RECORPORIFICATION
Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion (r`kr*pr`*f*k"shn), n.

Defn: The act of investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew with a body. [R.] Boyle.

RECOUCH Re*couch" (r*kouch"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + couch: cf. F. recoucher.]

Defn: To retire again to a couch; to lie down again. [Obs.] Sir H.
Wotton.

RECOUNT
Re*count" (r*kount"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + count.]

Defn: To count or reckon again.

RECOUNT
Re*count", n.

Defn: A counting again, as of votes.

RECOUNT Re*count" (r*kount"), v. t. Etym: [F. raconter to relate, to recount; pref. re- again + ad.) + conter to relate. See Count, v.]

Defn: To tell over; to relate in detail; to recite; to tell or
narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to enumerate; as, to recount
one's blessings. Dryden.
To all his angels, who, with true applause, Recount his praises.
Milton.

RECOUNTMENT
Re*count`ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: Recital. [Obs.] Shak.

RECOUP; RECOUPE Re*coup", Re*coupe" (-kp"), v. t. Etym: [F. recouper; pref. re- re- + couper to cut.]

1. (Law)

Defn: To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct; as, where a landlord recouped the rent of premises from damages awarded to the plaintiff for eviction.

2. To get an equivalent or compensation for; as, to recoup money lost at the gaming table; to recoup one's losses in the share market.

3. To reimburse; to indemnify; — often used reflexively and in the passive. Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might recoup herself at Philip's cost. Froude. Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by extensive custom. Duke of Argyll.

RECOUPER
Re*coup"er (r*kp"r), n.

Defn: One who recoups. Story.

RECOUPMENT
Re*coup"ment (-mnt), n.

Defn: The act of recouping.

Note: Recoupment applies to equities growing out of the very affair from which thw principal demand arises, set-off to cross-demands which may be independent in origin. Abbott.

RECOURSE Re*course" (r*krs"), n. Etym: [F. recours, L. recursus a running back, return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run back. See Recur.]

1. A coursing back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing; renewed course; return; retreat; recurence. [Obs.] "Swift recourse of flushing blood." Spenser. Unto my first I will have my recourse. Chaucer. Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or the recourse thereof in the valetudinary. Sir T. Browne.

2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like; access or application for aid; resort. Thus died this great peer, in a time of great recourse unto him and dependence upon him. Sir H. Wotton. Our last recourse is therefore to our art. Dryden.

3. Access; admittance. [Obs.] Give me recourse to him. Shak. Without recourse (Commerce), words sometimes added to the indorsement of a negotiable instrument to protect the indorser from liability to the indorsee and subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.

RECOURSE
Re*course", v. i.

1. To return; to recur. [Obs.] The flame departing and recoursing. Foxe.

2. To have recourse; to resort. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

RECOURSEFUL
Re*course"ful (-fl), a.

Defn: Having recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately. [Obs.]
Drayton.

RECOVER Re*cov"er (r*kv"r), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + cover: cf. F. recouvrir.]

Defn: To cover again. Sir W. Scott.

RECOVER Re*cov"er (r*kv"r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recovered (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Recovering. ] Etym: [OE. recoveren, OF. recovrer, F. recouvrer, from L. recuperare; pref. re- re + a word of unknown origin. Cf.Recuperate.]

1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to win back; to regain. David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away. 1. Sam. xxx. 18.

2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve; to repair the loss or injury of; as, to recover lost time. "Loss of catel may recovered be." Chaucer. Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and recover. Rogers.

3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring back to life or health; to cure; to heal. The wine in my bottle will recover him. Shak.

4. To overcome; to get the better of, — as a state of mind or body. I do hope to recover my late hurt. Cowley. When I had recovered a little my first surprise. De Foe.

5. To rescue; to deliver. That they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him. 2. Tim. ii. 26.

6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come to.
[Archaic]
The forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that, we're sure
enough. Shak.
Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge he was to die.
Hales.

7. (Law)

Defn: To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to recover debt and costs in a suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law; as, to recover lands in ejectment or common recovery; to gain by legal process; as, to recover judgement against a defendant. Recover arms (Mil. Drill), a command whereby the piece is brought from the position of "aim" to that of "ready."

Syn.
— To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal; cure.

RECOVER
Re*cov"er (r*kv"r), v. i.

1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well; to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; — often followed by of or from; as, to recover from a state of poverty; to recover from fright. Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover of this disease. 2 Kings i. 2.

2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive. [Obs.] With much ado the Christians recovered to Antioch. Fuller.

3. (Law)

Defn: To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; as, the plaintiff has recovered in his suit.

RECOVER
Re*cov"er, n.

Defn: Recovery. Sir T. Malory.

RECOVERABLE
Re*cov"er*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [Cf. F. recouvrable.]

Defn: Capable of being recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a debtor or possessor; as, the debt is recoverable; goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not recoverable. A prodigal course Is like the sun's; but not, like his, recoverable. Shak. If I am recoverable, why am I thus Cowper. — Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n.

RECOVERANCE
Re*cov"er*ance (ans), n.

Defn: Recovery. [Obs.]

RECOVEREE
Re*cov`er*ee" (-"), n. (Law)

Defn: The person against whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery.

RECOVERER
Re*cov"er*er (r*kv"r*r), n.

Defn: One who recovers.

RECOVEROR
Re*cov`er*or" (-r), n. (Law)

Defn: The demandant in a common recovery after judgment. Wharton.

RECOVERY
Re*cov"er*y (r*kv"r*), n.

1. The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking possession.

2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of fright, etc.

3. (Law)

Defn: The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to something by a verdict and judgment of court.

4. The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had. [Obs.] "Help be past recovery." Tusser.

5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for making a new stroke. Common recovery (Law), a species of common assurance or mode of conveying lands by matter of record, through the forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use, but now abolished or obsolete, both in England and America. Burrill. Warren.

RECREANCE
Rec"re*ance (rk"r*ns), n.

Defn: Recreancy.

RECREANCY
Rec"re*an*cy (-an*s), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being recreant.

RECREANT Rec"re*ant (-ant), a. Etym: [OF., cowardly, fr. recroire, recreire, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as conquered, LL. recredere se to declare one's self conquered in combat; hence, those are called recrediti or recreanti who are considered infamous; L. pref. re- again, back + credere to believe, to be of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow one's opinion. See Creed.]

1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly; mean-spirited; craven. "This recreant knight." Spenser.

2. Apostate; false; unfaithful. Who, for so many benefits received, Turned recreant to God, ingrate and false. Milton.

RECREANT
Rec"re*ant, n.

Defn: One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited, cowardly wretch. Blackstone. You are all recreants and dastards! Shak.

RE-CREATE
Re`-cre*ate" (r`kr*t"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + create.]

Defn: To create or form anew. On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of reënforcing, it was necessary to re-create, the army. Marshall.

RECREATE Rec"re*ate (rk"r*t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recreated (-`td); p. pr. & vb. n. Recreating.] Etym: [L. recreatus, p. p. of recreate to create anew, to refresh; pref. re- re- + creare to create. See Create.]

Defn: To give fresh life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety; to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify. Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them colors mixed with blue and green, to recreate their eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than any. Dryden. St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with a tame partridge. Jer. Taylor. These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their aromatic scent. Dr. H. More.

RECREATE
Rec"re*ate, v. i.

Defn: To take recreation. L. Addison.

RECREATION
Rec"re*a"tion (-"shn), n. Etym: [F. récréation, L. recreatio.]

Defn: The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated; refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement; diversion; sport; pastime.

RE-CREATION
Re`-*cre*a"tion (r`kr*shn), n. Etym: [See Re-create.]

Defn: A forming anew; a new creation or formation.

RE-CREATION
Re`-cre*a"tion (r`kr*shn), n. [See Re-create.]

Defn: A forming anew; a new creation or formation.

RE-CREATIVE
Re`-cre*a"tive (-`tv), a.

Defn: Creating anew; as, re-creative power.

RECREATIVE
Rec"re*a`tive (rk"r*`tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. récr. See Recreate.]

Defn: Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor or
animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or pain;
amusing; diverting.
Let the music of them be recreative. Bacon.
—- Rec"re*a`tive*ly, adv.
— Rec"re*a`tive*ness, n.

RECREMENT Rec"re*ment (rk"r*ment), n. Etym: [L. recrementum; pref. re- re- + cernere, cretum, to separate, sift: cf. F. récrément.]

1. Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful; dross; scoria; as, the recrement of ore.

2. (Med.) (a) Excrement. [Obs.] (a) A substance secreted from the blood and again absorbed by it.

RECREMENTAL
Rec`re*men"tal (-mn"tal), a.

Defn: Recrementitious.

RECREMENTITIAL
Rec`re*men*ti"tial (-mn*tsh"al), a. Etym: [Cf. F. récrémentitiel.]
(Med.)

Defn: Of the nature of a recrement. See Recrement,2 (b).
"Recrementitial fluids." Dunglison.

RECREMENTITIOUS
Rec`re*men*ti"tious (-tsh"s), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or dross. Boyle.

RECRIMINATE
Re*crim"i*nate (r*krm"*nt), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + criminate: cf.
F. récriminer ,LL. recriminare.]

Defn: To return one charge or accusation with another; to chargeback
fault or crime upon an accuser.
It is not my business to recriminate, hoping sufficiently toBp.
Stillingfleet.

RECRIMINATE
Re*crim"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To accuse in return. South.

RECRIMINATION Re*crim`i*na"tion (-n"shn), n. Etym: [F. récrimination, LL. recriminatio.]

Defn: The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter accusation. Accusations and recriminations passed back ward and forward between the contending parties. Macaulay.

RECRIMINATIVE
Re*crim"i*na*tive (-n*tv), a.

Defn: Recriminatory.

RECRIMINATOR
Re*crim"i*na`tor (-n`tr), n.

Defn: One who recriminates.

RECRIMINATORY
Re*crim"i*na*to*ry (-n*t*r), a. Etym: [Cf. F. récriminatoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of recrimination; retorting accusation; recriminating.

RECROSS
Re*cross" (r*krs";115), v. t.

Defn: To cross a second time.

RECRUDENCY
Re*cru"den*cy (r*kr"den*s), n.

Defn: Recrudescence.

RECRUDESCE
Re`cru*desce", v. i. [See Recrudescent.]

Defn: To be in a state of recrudescence; esp., to come into renewed freshness, vigor, or activity; to revive.

The general influence . . . which is liable every now and then to recrudesce in his absence. Edmund Gurney.

RECRUDESCENCE; RECRUDESCENCY
Re`cru*des"cence (r`kr*ds"sens), Re`cru*des`cen*cy (-ds"sen*s), n.
Etym: [Cf. F. recrudescence.]

1. The state or condition of being recrudescent. A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land] to chronic poverty and waste. Duke of Argyll.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Increased severity of a disease after temporary remission.
Dunglison.

RECRUDESCENT Re`cru*des"cent (-sent), a. Etym: [L. recrudescens, -entis, p.pr. of recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re- re- + crudescere to become hard or raw: cf. F. recrudescent.]

1. Growing raw, sore, or painful again.

2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or supression; as, a recrudescent epidemic.

RECRUIT Re*cruit" (r*krt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recruited; p. pr. & vb. n. Recruiting.] Etym: [F. recruter, corrupted (under influence of recrue recruiting, recruit, from recro, p.p. recr, to grow again) from an older recluter, properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. re- + OF. clut piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. kl kerchief, E. clout.]

1. To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or deficiency in; as, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise recruit the spirits. Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their color. Glanvill.

2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in strength or health; to reinvigorate.

3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; as, he recruited two regiments; the army was recruited for a campaign; also, to muster; to enlist; as, he recruited fifty men. M. Arnold.

RECRUIT
Re*cruit", v. i.

1. To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or the like; to recuperate; as, lean cattle recruit in fresh pastures.

2. To gain new supplies of men for military or other service; to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops.

RECRUIT
Re*cruit", n.

1. A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a reënforcement. The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. Burke.

2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.

RECRUITER
Re*cruit"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, recruits.

RECRUITMENT
Re*cruit"ment (-ment), n.

Defn: The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment of men for an army.

RECRYSTALLIZATION
Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion (r*krs`tal*z"shn), n. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: The process or recrystallizing.

RECRYSTALLIZE
Re*crys"tal*lize (r*krs"tal*lz), v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.)

Defn: To crystallize again. Henry.

RECTAL
Rec"tal (rk"tal), a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the region of the rectum.

RECTANGLE Rec"tan`gle (rk"t`g'l), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rectus right + angulus angle. See Right, and Angle.] (Geom.)

Defn: A four-sided figure having only right angles; a right-angled parallelogram.

Note: As the area of a rectangle is expressed by the product of its two dimensions, the term rectangle is sometimes used for product; as, the rectangle of a and b, that is, ab.

RECTANGLE
Rec"tan`gle, a.

Defn: Rectangular. [R.]

RECTANGLED
Rec"tan`gled (-g'ld), a.

Defn: Rectangular. Hutton.

RECTANGULAR
Rec*tan"gu*lar (rk*tn"g*lr), a. Etym: [CF. F. rectangulaire.]

Defn: Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees.
— Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly (r, adv.
— Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.

RECTANGULARITY
Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty (-lr"*t), n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being rectangular, or right-angled.

RECTI-
Rec"ti- (rk"t*). Etym: [L. rectus straight.]

Defn: A combining form signifying straight; as, rectilineal, having straight lines; rectinerved.

RECTIFIABLE
Rec"ti*fi`a*ble (rk"t*f`*b'l), a.

1. Capable of being rectified; as, a rectifiable mistake.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a straight l

RECTIFICATION
Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion (rk`t*f*k1shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. rectification.]

1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification of an error; the rectification of spirits. After the rectification of his views, he was incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error. De Quincey.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: The determination of a straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve. Rectification of a globe (Astron.), its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem.

RECTIFICATOR
Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor (rk"t*f*k`tr), n. (Chem.)

Defn: That which rectifies or refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the process of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.

RECTIFIER
Rec"ti*fi`er (rk"t*f`r), n.

1. One who, or that which, rectifies.

2. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) An instrument used for determining and rectifying the variations of the compass on board ship. (b) (Chem.) A rectificator.

RECTIFY
Rec"ti*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rectified (-fd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rectifying (-f`ng).] Etym: [F. rectifier, LL. rectificare; L. rectus
right + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Right, and -fy.]

1. To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend; as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to rectify disorders. I meant to rectify my conscience. Shak. This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have rectified. Burke.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: To refine or purify by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser; as, to rectify spirit of wine.

3. (Com.)

Defn: To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum, etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added. To rectify a globe, to adjust it in order to prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.

Syn. — To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform; redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See Amend.

RECTILINEAL; RECTILINEAR Rec`ti*lin"e*al, Rec`ti*lin"e*ar (-ln"*r), a. Etym: [Recti- + lineal, linear.]

Defn: Straight; consisting of a straight line or lines; bounded by
straight lines; as, a rectineal angle; a rectilinear figure or
course.
— Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly, adv.
— Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly, adv.

RECTILINEARITY
Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-r"*t), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rectilinear. Coleridge.

RECTILINEOUS
Rec`ti*lin"e*ous (-s), a.

Defn: Rectilinear. [Obs.] Ray.

RECTINERVED
Rec"ti*nerved` (rk"t*nrrvd`), a. Etym: [Recti- + nerve.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the veins or nerves straight; — said of leaves.

RECTION Rec"tion (rk"shn), n. Etym: [L. rectio, fr. regere to rule or govern.] (Gram.)

Defn: See Government, n., 7. Gibbs.

RECTIROSTRAL
Rec`ti*ros"tral (rk`t*rs"tral), a. Etym: [Recti- + rostral.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a straight beak.

RECTISERIAL
Rec`ti*se"ri*al (-s"r*al), a. Etym: [Recti- + serial.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; — opposed to curviserial.

RECTITIS
Rec*ti"tis (rk*t"ts), n. Etym: [NL. See Rectum, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Proctitis. Dunglison.

RECTITUDE Rec"ti*tude (rk"t*td), n. Etym: [L. rectitudo, fr. rectus right, straight: cf. F. rectitude. See Right.]

1. Straightness. [R.] Johnson.

2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind; uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.

3. Right judgment. [R.] Sir G. C. Lewis.

Syn.
— See Justice.

RECTO-
Rec"to- (rk"t*).

Defn: A combining form indicating connection with, or relation to, the rectum; as, recto-vesical.

RECTO
Rec"to, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de recto. See Right.] (Law)

Defn: A writ of right.

RECTO
Rec"to, n. Etym: [Cf. F. recto.] (Print.)

Defn: The right-hand page; — opposed to verso.

RECTOR Rec"tor (rk"tr), n. Etym: [L., fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to rule: cf. F. recteur. See Regiment, Right.]

1. A ruler or governor.[R.] God is the supreme rector of the world. Sir M. Hale.

2. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate. See the Note under Vicar. Blackstone. (b) (Prot. Epis. Ch.)

Defn: A clergyman in charge of a parish.

3. The head master of a public school. [Scot.]

4. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford.