I (part 5)

IRIDECTOMY
Ir`i*dec"to*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The act or process of cutting out a portion of the iris in order to form an artificial pupil.

IRIDESCENCE
Ir`i*des"cence, n. Etym: [See Iridescent.]

Defn: Exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; the quality or state of being iridescent; a prismatic play of color; as, the iridescence of mother-of-pearl.

IRIDESCENT Ir`i*des"cent, a. Etym: [L. iris, iridis, the rainbow: cf. F. iridescent.]

Defn: Having colors like the rainbow; exhibiting a play of changeable colors; nacreous; prismatic; as, iridescent glass.

IRIDIAN
I*rid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iris or rainbow.

IRIDIATED
I*rid"i*a`ted, a.

Defn: Iridescent.

IRIDIC
I*rid"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the iris of the eye.

IRIDIC
I*rid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to iridium; — said specifically of those compounds in which iridium has a relatively high valence.

IRIDIOSCOPE
I*rid"i*o*scope, n. Etym: [See Iris, and -scope.]

Defn: A kind of ophthalmoscope.

IRIDIOUS
I*rid"i*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to iridium; — applied specifically to compounds in which iridium has a low valence.

IRIDIUM
I*rid"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. iris, iridis, the rainbow. So
called from the iridescence of some of its solutions. See Iris.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, of the same group as platinum, which it much resembles, being silver-white, but harder, and brittle, and indifferent to most corrosive agents. With the exception of osmium, it is the heaviest substance known, its specific gravity being 22.4. Symbol Ir. Atomic weight 192.5.

Note: Iridium usually occurs as a native alloy with osmium (iridosmine or osmiridium), which may occur alone or with platinum. Iridium, as an alloy with platinum, is used in bushing the vents of heavy ordnance. It is also used for the points of gold pens, and in a finely powdered condition (iridium black), for painting porcelain black.

IRIDIZE
Ir"i*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iridized; p. pr. & vb. n. Iridizing.]

1. To point or tip with iridium, as a gold pen.

2. To make iridescent; as, to iridize glass.

IRIDOLINE
I*rid"o*line, n. Etym: [Iridescent + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous base C10H9N, extracted from coal-tar naphtha, as an oily liquid. It is a member of the quinoline series, and is probably identical with lepidine.

IRIDOSMINE; IRIDOSMIUM
Ir`i*dos"mine, Ir`i*dos"mi*um, n. Etym: [Iridium + osmium.] (Min.)

Defn: The native compound of iridium and osmium. It is found in flattened metallic grains of extreme hardness, and is often used for pointing gold pens.

IRIS I"ris, n.; pl. E. Irises, L. Irides. Etym: [L. iris, iridis, the goddess, Gr. Orris.]

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The goddess of the rainbow, and swift-footed messenger of the gods. Shak.

2. The rainbow. Sir T. Browne.

3. An appearance resembling the rainbow; a prismatic play of colors. Tennyson.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, and forming the colored portion of the eye. See Eye.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants having showy flowers and bulbous or tuberous roots, of which the flower-de-luce (fleur-de-lis), orris, and other species of flag are examples. See Illust. of Flower-de-luce.

6. (Her.)

Defn: See Fleur-de-lis, 2.

IRISATED
I"ris*a`ted, a. Etym: [See Iris.]

Defn: Exhibiting the prismatic colors; irised; iridescent. W.
Phillips.

IRISCOPE
I"ri*scope, n. Etym: [Iris + -scope.]

Defn: A philosophical toy for exhibiting the prismatic tints by means of thin films.

IRIS DIAPHRAGM
I"ris di"a*phragm.

Defn: An adjustable diaphragm, suggesting the iris of the eye in its action, for regulating the aperture of a lens, consisting of a number of thin pieces fastened to a ring. It is used in cameras and microscopes.

IRISED
I"rised, a. Etym: [See Iris.]

Defn: Having colors like those of the rainbow; iridescent. Holmes.

IRISH
I"rish, a. Etym: [AS. , fr. the Irish. Cf. Aryan, Erse.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ireland or to its inhabitants; produced in Ireland. Irish elk. (Zoöl.) See under Elk. — Irish moss. (a) (Bot.) Carrageen. (b) A preparation of the same made into a blanc mange. — Irish poplin. See Poplin. — Irish potato, the ordinary white potato, so called because it is a favorite article of food in Ireland. — Irish reef, or Irishman's reef (Naut.), the head of a sail tied up. — Irish stew, meat, potatoes, and onions, cut in small pieces and stewed.

IRISH
I*rish", n. sing. & pl.

1. pl.

Defn: The natives or inhabitants of Ireland, esp. the Celtic natives or their descendants.

2. The language of the Irish; the Hiberno-Celtic.

3. An old game resembling backgammon.

IRISH AMERICAN
I"rish A*mer"i*can.

Defn: A native of Ireland who has become an American citizen; also, a child or descendant of such a person.

IRISHISM
I*rish"*ism, n.

Defn: A mode of speaking peculiar to the Irish; an Hibernicism.

IRISHMAN
I"rish*man, n.; pl. Irishmen (.

Defn: A man born in Ireland or of the Irish race; an Hibernian.
Irishman's hurricane (Naut.), a dead calm.
— Irishman's reef. (Naut.) See Irish reef, under Irish, a.

IRISHRY
I"rish*ry, n.

Defn: The Celtic people of Ireland. "The whole Irishry of rebels."
Milton.

IRITIS
I*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Iris, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the iris of the eye.

IRK Irk, v. t. Etym: [OE. irken to tire, become tired; cf. Sw. yrka to urge, enforce, press, or G. ekel disgust, MHG. erklich disgusting; perh. akin to L. urgere to urge, E. urge.]

Defn: To weary; to give pain; to annoy; — used only impersonally at
present.
To see this sight, it irks my very soul. Shak.
It irketh him to be here. M. Arnold.

IRKSOME
Irk"some, a.

1. Wearisome; tedious; disagreeable or troublesome by reason of long continuance or repetition; as, irksome hours; irksome tasks. For not to irksome toil, but to delight, He made us. Milton.

2. Weary; vexed; uneasy. [Obs.] Let us therefore learn not to be irksome when God layeth his cross upon us. Latimer.

Syn. — Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; vexatious; burdensome. — Irksome, Wearisome, Tedious. These epithets describe things which give pain or disgust. Irksome is applied to something which disgusts by its nature or quality; as, an irksome task. Wearisome denotes that which wearies or wears us out by severe labor; as, wearisome employment. Tedious is applied to something which tires us out by the length of time occupied in its performance; as, a tedious speech. Wearisome nights are appointed to me. Job vii. 3. Pity only on fresh objects stays, But with the tedious sight of woes decays. Dryden. — Irk"some*ly, adv. — Irk"some*ness, n.

IRON
I"ron, n. Etym: [OE. iren, AS. iren, isen, isern; akin to D. ijzer,
OS. isarn, OHG. isarn, isan, G. eisen, Icel. isarn, jarn, Sw. & Dan.
jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: The most common and most useful metallic element, being of almost universal occurrence, usually in the form of an oxide (as hematite, magnetite, etc.), or a hydrous oxide (as limonite, turgite, etc.). It is reduced on an enormous scale in three principal forms; viz., cast iron, steel, and wrought iron. Iron usually appears dark brown, from oxidation or impurity, but when pure, or an fresh surface, is a gray or white metal. It is easily oxidized (rusted) by moisture, and is attacked by many corrosive agents. Symbol Fe (Latin Ferrum). Atomic weight 55.9. Specific gravity, pure iron, 7.86; cast iron, 7.1. In magnetic properties, it is superior to all other substances.

Note: The value of iron is largely due to the facility with which it can be worked. Thus, when heated it is malleable and ductile, and can be easily welded and forged at a high temperature. As cast iron, it is easily fusible; as steel, is very tough, and (when tempered) very hard and elastic. Chemically, iron is grouped with cobalt and nickel. Steel is a variety of iron containing more carbon than wrought iron, but less that cast iron. It is made either from wrought iron, by roasting in a packing of carbon (cementation) or from cast iron, by burning off the impurities in a Bessemer converter (then called Bessemer steel), or directly from the iron ore (as in the Siemens rotatory and generating furnace).

2. An instrument or utensil made of iron; — chiefly in composition; as, a flatiron, a smoothing iron, etc. My young soldier, put up your iron. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: Fetters; chains; handcuffs; manacles.
Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay.

4. Strength; power; firmness; inflexibility; as, to rule with a rod of iron. Bar iron. See Wrought iron (below). — Bog iron, bog ore; limonite. See Bog ore, under Bog. — Cast iron (Metal.), an impure variety of iron, containing from three to six percent of carbon, part of which is united with a part of the iron, as a carbide, and the rest is uncombined, as graphite. It there is little free carbon, the product is white iron; if much of the carbon has separated as graphite, it is called gray iron. See also Cast iron, in the Vocabulary. — Fire irons. See under Fire, n. — Gray irons. See under Fire, n. — Gray iron. See Cast iron (above). — It irons (Naut.), said of a sailing vessel, when, in tacking, she comes up head to the wind and will not fill away on either tack. — Magnetic iron. See Magnetite. — Malleable iron (Metal.), iron sufficiently pure or soft to be capable of extension under the hammer; also, specif., a kind of iron produced by removing a portion of the carbon or other impurities from cast iron, rendering it less brittle, and to some extent malleable. — Meteoric iron (Chem.), iron forming a large, and often the chief, ingredient of meteorites. It invariably contains a small amount of nickel and cobalt. Cf. Meteorite. — Pig iron, the form in which cast iron is made at the blast furnace, being run into molds, called pigs. — Reduced iron. See under Reduced. — Specular iron. See Hematite. — Too many irons in the fire, too many objects requiring the attention at once. — White iron. See Cast iron (above). — Wrought iron (Metal.), the purest form of iron commonly known in the arts, containing only about half of one per cent of carbon. It is made either directly from the ore, as in the Catalan forge or bloomery, or by purifying (puddling) cast iron in a reverberatory furnace or refinery. It is tough, malleable, and ductile. When formed into bars, it is called bar iron.

IRON
I"ron, a. Etym: [AS. iren, isen. See Iron, n.]

1. Of, or made of iron; consisting of iron; as, an iron bar, dust.

2. Resembling iron in color; as, iron blackness.

3. Like iron in hardness, strength, impenetrability, power of endurance, insensibility, etc.; as: (a) Rude; hard; harsh; severe. Iron years of wars and dangers. Rowe. Jove crushed the nations with an iron rod. Pope.

(b) Firm; robust; enduring; as, an iron constitution. (c) Inflexible; unrelenting; as, an iron will. (d) Not to be broken; holding or binding fast; tenacious. "Him death's iron sleep oppressed." Philips.

Note: Iron is often used in composition, denoting made of iron, relating to iron, of or with iron; producing iron, etc.; resembling iron, literally or figuratively, in some of its properties or characteristics; as, iron-shod, iron-sheathed, iron-fisted, iron- framed, iron-handed, iron-hearted, iron foundry or iron-foundry. Iron age. (a) (Myth.) The age following the golden, silver, and bronze ages, and characterized by a general degeneration of talent and virtue, and of literary excellence. In Roman literature the Iron Age is commonly regarded as beginning after the taking of Rome by the Goths, A. D. 410. (b) (Archæol.) That stage in the development of any people characterized by the use of iron implements in the place of the more cumbrous stone and bronze. — Iron cement, a cement for joints, composed of cast-iron borings or filings, sal ammoniac, etc. — Iron clay (Min.), a yellowish clay containing a large proportion of an ore of iron. — Iron cross, a Prussian order of military merit; also, the decoration of the order. — Iron crown, a golden crown set with jewels, belonging originally to the Lombard kings, and indicating the dominion of Italy. It was so called from containing a circle said to have been forged from one of the nails in the cross of Christ. — Iron flint (Min.), an opaque, flintlike, ferruginous variety of quartz. — Iron founder, a maker of iron castings. — Iron foundry, the place where iron castings are made. — Iron furnace, a furnace for reducing iron from the ore, or for melting iron for castings, etc.; a forge; a reverberatory; a bloomery. — Iron glance (Min.), hematite. — Iron hat, a headpiece of iron or steel, shaped like a hat with a broad brim, and used as armor during the Middle Ages. — Iron horse, a locomotive engine. [Colloq.] — Iron liquor, a solution of an iron salt, used as a mordant by dyers. — Iron man (Cotton Manuf.), a name for the self-acting spinning mule. — Iron mold or mould, a yellow spot on cloth stained by rusty iron. — Iron ore (Min.), any native compound of iron from which the metal may be profitably extracted. The principal ores are magnetite, hematite, siderite, limonite, Göthite, turgite, and the bog and clay iron ores. — Iron pyrites (Min.), common pyrites, or pyrite. See Pyrites. — Iron sand, an iron ore in grains, usually the magnetic iron ore, formerly used to sand paper after writing. — Iron scale, the thin film which on the surface of wrought iron in the process of forging. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide of iron, Fe3O4. — Iron works, a furnace where iron is smelted, or a forge, rolling mill, or foundry, where it is made into heavy work, such as shafting, rails, cannon, merchant bar, etc.

IRON
I"ron, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ironed; p. pr. & vb. n. Ironing.]

1. To smooth with an instrument of iron; especially, to smooth, as cloth, with a heated flatiron; — sometimes used with out.

2. To shackle with irons; to fetter or handcuff. "Ironed like a malefactor." Sir W. Scott.

3. To furnish or arm with iron; as, to iron a wagon.

IRONBARK TREE
I"ron*bark` tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The Australian Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, used largely by carpenters and shipbuilders; — called also ironwood.

IRONBOUND
I"ron*bound`, a.

1. Bound as with iron; rugged; as, an ironbound coast.

2. Rigid; unyielding; as, ironbound traditions.

IRON-CASED
I"ron-cased`, a.

Defn: Cased or covered with iron, as a vessel; ironclad.

IRONCLAD
I"ron*clad`, a.

1. Clad in iron; protected or covered with iron, as a vessel for naval warfare.

2. Rigorous; severe; exacting; as, an ironclad oath or pledge. [Colloq.]

IRONCLAD
I"ron*clad`, n.

Defn: A naval vessel having the parts above water covered and protected by iron or steel usually in large plates closely joined and made sufficiently thick and strong to resist heavy shot.

IRONER
I"ron*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, irons.

IRON-FISTED
I"ron-fist`ed, a.

Defn: Closefisted; stingy; mean.

IRON-GRAY
I"ron-gray`, a.

Defn: Of a gray color, somewhat resembling that of iron freshly broken. — n.

Defn: An iron-gray color; also, a horse of this color.

IRONHEADS
I"ron*heads`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A European composite herb (Centaurea nigra); — so called from the resemblance of its knobbed head to an iron ball fixed on a long handle. Dr. Prior.

IRON-HEARTED
I"ron-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; as, an iron-hearted master.
Cowper.

IRONIC
I*ron"ic, a.

Defn: Ironical. Sir T. Herbert.

IRONICAL
I*ron"ic*al, a. Etym: [LL. ironicus, Gr. ironique. See Irony.]

1. Pertaining to irony; containing, expressing, or characterized by, irony; as, an ironical remark.

2. Addicted to the use of irony; given to irony.
— I*ron"ic*al*ly, adv.
— I*ron"ic*al*ness, n.

IRONING
I"ron*ing, n.

1. The act or process of smoothing, as clothes, with hot flatirons.

2. The clothes ironed. Ironing board, a flat board, upon which clothes are laid being ironed.

IRONISH
I"ron*ish, a.

Defn: Resembling iron, as in taste. Wood.

IRONIST
I"ron*ist, n.

Defn: One who uses irony.

IRONMASTER
I"ron*mas`ter, n.

Defn: A manufacturer of iron, or large dealer therein. Bp. Hurd.

IRONMONGER
I"ron*mon`ger, n.

Defn: A dealer in iron or hardware.

IRONMONGERY
I"ron*mon`ger*y, n.

Defn: Hardware; a general name for all articles made of iron. Gwilt.

IRON-SICK
I"ron-sick`, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having the ironwork loose or corroded; — said of a ship when her bolts and nails are so eaten with rust that she has become leaky.

IRON-SIDED
I"ron-sid`ed, a.

Defn: Having iron sides, or very firm sides.

IRONSIDES
I"ron*sides", n.

Defn: A cuirassier or cuirassiers; also, hardy veteran soldiers; — applied specifically to Cromwell's cavalry.

IRONSMITH
I"ron*smith`, n.

1. A worker in iron; one who makes and repairs utensils of iron; a blacksmith.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian barbet (Megalaima faber), inhabiting the Island of Hainan. The name alludes to its note, which resembles the sounds made by a smith.

IRONSTONE
I"ron*stone`, n.

Defn: A hard, earthy ore of iron. Clay ironstone. See under Clay. — Ironstone china, a hard white pottery, first made in England during the 18th century.

IRONWARE
I"ron*ware`, n.

Defn: Articles made of iron, as household utensils, tools, and the like.

IRONWEED
I"ron*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tall weed with purplish flowers (Vernonia Noveboracensis).
The name is also applied to other plants of the same genus.

IRONWOOD
I"ron*wood`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree unusually hard, strong, or heavy wood.

Note: In the United States, the hornbeam and the hop hornbeam are so called; also the Olneya Tesota, a small tree of Arizona; in the West Indies, the Erythroxylon areolatum, and several other unrelated trees; in China, the Metrosideros vera; in India, the Mesua ferrea, and two species of Inga; in Australia, the Eucalyptus Sideroxylon, and in many countries, species of Sideroxylon and Diospyros, and many other trees.

IRONWORK
I"ron*work`, n.

Defn: Anything made of iron; — a general name of such parts or pieces of a building, vessel, carriage, etc., as consist of iron.

IRON WORKS
I"ron works`

Defn: . See under Iron, a.

IRONWORT
I"ron*wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An herb of the Mint family (Sideritis), supposed to heal sword cuts; also, a species of Galeopsis.

IRONY
I"ron*y, a. Etym: [From Iron.]

1. Made or consisting of iron; partaking of iron; iron; as, irony chains; irony particles. [R.] Woodward.

2. Resembling iron taste, hardness, or other physical property.

IRONY
I"ron*y, n.Etym: [L. ironia, Gr. word: cf. F. ironie.]

1. Dissimulation; ignorance feigned for the purpose of confounding or provoking an antagonist.

2. A sort of humor, ridicule, or light sarcasm, which adopts a mode of speech the meaning of which is contrary to the literal sense of the words.

IROQUOIAN
Ir`o*quoi"an (ir`o*kwoi"an), a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, one of the principal linguistic stocks of the North American Indians. The territory of the northern Iroquoian tribes, of whom the Five Nations, or Iroquois proper, were the chief, extended from the shores of the St. Lawrence and of Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie south, through eastern Pennsylvania, to Maryland; that of the southern tribes, of whom the Cherokees were chief, formed part of Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee, and Kentucky. All of the tribes were agricultural, and they were noted for large, communal houses, palisaded towns, and ability to organize, as well as for skill in war. —n.

Defn: An Indian of an Iroquoian tribe.

IROQUOIS
Ir`o*quois", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A powerful and warlike confederacy of Indian tribes, formerly inhabiting Central New York and constituting most of the Five Nations. Also, any Indian of the Iroquois tribes.

IROUS
I"rous, a. Etym: [OF. iros, from ire. See Ire.]

Defn: Irascible; passionate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

IRP; IRPE
Irp, Irpe, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A fantastic grimace or contortion of the body. [Obs.] Smirks and irps and all affected humors. B. Jonson .

IRP
Irp, a.

Defn: Making irps. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

IRRADIANCE; IRRADIANCY
Ir*ra"di*ance, Ir*ra"di*an*cy, n. Etym: [From Irradiant.]

1. The act of irradiating; emission of rays of light.

2. That which irradiates or is irradiated; luster; splendor; irradiation; brilliancy. Milton.

IRRADIANT
Ir*ra"di*ant, a. Etym: [L. irradians, -antis, p. pr. See Irradiate.]

Defn: Irradiating or illuminating; as, the irradiant moon. Boyse.

IRRADIATE
Ir*ra"di*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irradiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irradiating.] Etym: [L. irradiatus, p. p. of irradiate. See In- in,
and Radiate.]

1. To throw rays of light upon; to illuminate; to brighten; to adorn with luster. Thy smile irradiates yon blue fields. Sir W. Jones.

2. To enlighten intellectually; to illuminate; as, to irradiate the mind. Bp. Bull.

3. To animate by heat or light. Sir M. Hale.

4. To radiate, shed, or diffuse. A splendid fairradiating hospitality. H. James.

IRRADIATE
Ir*ra"di*ate, v. i.

Defn: To emit rays; to shine.

IRRADIATE
Ir*ra"di*ate, a. Etym: [L. irradiatus, p. p.]

Defn: Illuminated; irradiated. Mason.

IRRADIATION
Ir*ra`di*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irradiation.]

1. Act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.

2. Illumination; irradiance; brilliancy. Sir W. Scott.

3. Fig.: Mental light or illumination. Sir M. Hale.

4. (Opt.)

Defn: The apparent enlargement of a bright object seen upon a dark ground, due to the fact that the portions of the retina around the image are stimulated by the intense light; as when a dark spot on a white ground appears smaller, or a white spot on a dark ground larger, than it really is, esp. when a little out of focus.

IRRADICATE
Ir*rad"i*cate, v. t.

Defn: To root deeply. [R.]

IRRATIONAL Ir*ra"tion*al, a. Etym: [L. irrationalis: cf. F. irrationnel. See In- not, and Rational.]

1. Not rational; void of reason or understanding; as, brutes are irrational animals.

2. Not according to reason; absurd; foolish. It seemed utterly irrational any longer to maintain it. I. Taylor.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Not capable of being exactly expressed by an integral number, or by a vulgar fraction; surd; — said especially of roots. See Surd.

Syn.
— Absurd; foolish; preposterous; unreasonable; senseless. See
Absurd.

IRRATIONALITY
Ir*ra`tion*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrational. "Brutish irrationaliity." South.

IRRATIONALLY
Ir*ra"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irrational manner. Boyle.

IRRATIONALNESS
Ir*ra"tion*al*ness, n.

Defn: Irrationality.

IRREBUTTABLE
Ir`re*but"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being rebutted. Coleridge.

IRRECEPTIVE
Ir`re*cep"tive, a.

Defn: Not receiving; incapable of receiving.

IRRECLAIMABLE
Ir`re*claim"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being reclaimed. Addison.
— Ir`re*claim"a*bly, ad

IRRECOGNITION
Ir*rec`og*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. in- not + recognition.]

Defn: A failure to recognize; absence of recognition. Lamb.

IRRECOGNIZABLE
Ir*rec"og*ni`za*ble, a.

Defn: Not recognizable. Carlyle.

IRRECONCILABILITY
Ir*rec`on*ci`la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irreconcilable; irreconcilableness.

IRRECONCILABLE Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + reconcilable: cf. F. irréconciliable.]

Defn: Not reconcilable; implacable; incompatible; inconsistent;
disagreeing; as, irreconcilable enemies, statements.
— Ir*rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n.
— Ir*rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.

IRRECONCILE
Ir*rec"on*cile`, v. t.

Defn: To prevent from being reconciled; to alienate or disaffect.
[Obs.]

IRRECONCILEMENT
Ir*rec"on*cile`ment, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being unreconciled; disagreement.

IRRECONCILIATION
Ir*rec`on*cil`i*a"tion, n.

Defn: Want of reconciliation; disagreement.

IRRECORDABLE Ir`re*cord"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir— not + record: cf. L. irrecordabilis not to be remembered.]

Defn: Not fit or possible to be recorded.

IRRECOVERABLE
Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being recovered, regained, or remedied; irreparable; as, an irrecoverable loss, debt, or injury. That which is past is gone and irrecoverable. Bacon.

Syn.
— Irreparable; irretrievable; irremediable; unalterable; incurable;
hopeless.
— Ir`re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n.
— Ir`re*cov"er*a*bly, adv.

IRRECUPERABLE Ir`re*cu"per*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrecuperabilis: cf. OF. irrecuperable. See In- not, and Recuperate.]

Defn: Irrecoverable.
— Ir`re*cu"per*a*bly, adv.

IRRECURED
Ir`re*cured", a.

Defn: Incurable. [Obs.]

IRRECUSABLE Ir`re*cu"sa*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrecusabilis; pref. ir— not + recusabilis that should be rejected, fr. recusare to reject: cf. F. irrécusable.]

Defn: Not liable to exception or rejection. Sir W. Hamilton.

IRREDEEMABILITY
Ir`re*deem`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irredeemable; irredeemableness.

IRREDEEMABLE
Ir`re*deem"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not redeemable; that can not be redeemed; not payable in gold or silver, as a bond; — used especially of such government notes, issued as currency, as are not convertible into coin at the pleasure of the holder. — Ir`re*deem"a*ble*ness, adv.

IRREDUCIBILITY
Ir`re*du`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreducible.

IRREDUCIBLE
Ir`re*du"ci*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being reduced, or brought into a different state; incapable of restoration to its proper or normal condition; as, an irreducible hernia.

2. (Math.)

Defn: Incapable of being reduced to a simpler form of expression; as, an irreducible formula. Irreducible case (Alg.), a particular case in the solution of a cubic equation, in which the formula commonly employed contains an imaginary quantity, and therefore fails in its application. — Ir`re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. — — Ir`re*du"ci*bly, adv.

IRREFLECTION
Ir`re*flec"tion, n.

Defn: Want of reflection.

IRREFLECTIVE
Ir`re*flect"ive, a.

Defn: Not reflective. De Quincey.

IRREFORMABLE
Ir`re*form"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being reformed; incorrigible. Joseph Cook.

IRREFRAGABILITY
Ir*ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrefragable; incapability of being refuted.

IRREFRAGABLE
Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble, a. Etym: [F. irréfragable, L. irrefragabilis. See
Refragable.]

Defn: Not refragable; not to be gainsaid or denied; not to be refuted or overthrown; unanswerable; incontestable; undeniable; as, an irrefragable argument; irrefragable evidence. — Ir*ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. — Ir*ref"ra*ga*bly, adv.

Syn. — Incontrovertible; unanswerable; indisputable; unquestionable; incontestable; indubitable; undeniable; irrefutable.

IRREFRANGIBILITY
Ir`re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrefrangible; irrefrangibleness.

IRREFRANGIBLE
Ir`re*fran"gi*ble, a.

Defn: Not refrangible; that can not be refracted in passing from one
medium to another.
— Ir`re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n.

IRREFUTABLE
Ir`re*fut"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrefutabilis: cf. F. irréfutable. See
Refute.]

Defn: Incapable of being refuted or disproved; indisputable.
— Ir`re*fut"a*ble*ness, n.
— Ir`re*fut"a*bly, adv.

IRREGENERACY
Ir`re*gen"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: Unregeneracy.

IRREGENERATION
Ir`re*gen`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: An unregenerate state. [Obs.]

IRREGULAR
Ir*reg"u*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + regular: cf. F. irrégulier.]

Defn: Not regular; not conforming to a law, method, or usage recognized as the general rule; not according to common form; not conformable to nature, to the rules of moral rectitude, or to established principles; not normal; unnatural; immethodical; unsymmetrical; erratic; no straight; not uniform; as, an irregular line; an irregular figure; an irregular verse; an irregular physician; an irregular proceeding; irregular motion; irregular conduct, etc. Cf. Regular. Mazes intricate, Eccentric, intervolved, yet regular Then most when most irregular they seem. Milton. Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight Against the irregular and wild Glendower. Shak. A flowery meadow through which a clear stream murmured in many irregular meanders. Jones.

Syn. — Immethodical; unsystematic; abnormal; unnatural; anomalous; erratic; devious; crooked; eccentric; unsettled; uneven; variable; changeable; mutable; desultory; disorderly; wild; immoderate; intemperate; inordinate; vicious.

IRREGULAR
Ir*reg"u*lar, n.

Defn: One who is not regular; especially, a soldier not in regular service.

IRREGULARIST
Ir*reg"u*lar*ist, n.

Defn: One who is irregular. Baxter.

IRREGULARITY Ir*reg`u*lar"i*ty, n.; pl. Irregularities. Etym: [Cf. F. irrégularité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being irregular; that which is irregular.

IRREGULARLY
Ir*reg"u*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irregular manner.

IRREGULATE
Ir*reg"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To make irregular; to disorder. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

IRREGULOUS
Ir*reg"u*lous, a.

Defn: Lawless. [Obs.] Shak.

IRREJECTABLE
Ir`re*ject"a*ble, a.

Defn: That can not be rejected; irresistible. Boyle.

IRRELAPSABLE
Ir`re*laps"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not liable to relapse; secure. Dr. H. More.

IRRELATE
Ir`re*late, a.

Defn: Ir

IRRELATION
Ir`re*la"tion, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrelative; want of connection or relation.

IRRELATIVE
Ir*rel"a*tive, a.

Defn: Not relative; without mutual relations; unconnected. — Ir*rel"a*tive*ly, adv. Irrelative chords (Mus.), those having no common tone. — Irrelative repetition (Biol.), the multiplication of parts that serve for a common purpose, but have no mutual dependence or connection. Owen.

IRRELAVANCE
Ir*rel"a*vance, n.

Defn: Irrelevancy.

IRRELAVANCY
Ir*rel"a*van*cy, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrelevant; as, the irrelevancy of an argument.

IRRELAVANT
Ir*rel"a*vant, a.

Defn: Not relevant; not applicable or pertinent; not bearing upon or
serving to support; foreign; extraneous; as, testimony or arguments
irrelevant to a case.
— Ir*rel"a*vant*ly, adv.

IRRELIEVABLE
Ir`re*liev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not admitting relief; incurable; hopeless.

IRRELIGION Ir`re*li"gion, n. Etym: [L. irreligio: cf. F. irréligion. See In- not, and Religion.]

Defn: The state of being irreligious; want of religion; impiety.

IRRELIGIONIST
Ir`re*li"gion*ist, n.

Defn: One who is irreligious.

IRRELIGIOUS
Ir`re*li"gious, a. Etym: [L. irreligiosus: cf. F. irréligieux.]

1. Destitute of religion; not controlled by religious motives or principles; ungodly. Cf. Impiou. Shame and reproach are generally the portion of the impious and irreligious. South.

2. Indicating a want of religion; profane; wicked; as, irreligious speech.

IRRELIGIOUSLY
Ir`re*li"gious*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irreligious manner.

IRRELIGIOUSNESS
Ir`re*li"gious*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreligious; ungodliness.

IRREMEABLE Ir*re"me*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremeabilis; pref. ir- not + remeabilis returning, fr. remeare: cf. F. irréméable. See Remeant.]

Defn: Admitting no return; as, an irremeable way. [Obs.] Dryden.

IRREMEDIABLE
Ir`re*me"di*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremediabilis: cf. F. irrémédiable.
See In- not, and Remediable.]

Defn: Not to be remedied, corrected, or redressed; incurable; as, an irremediable disease or evil.

IRREMEDIABLENESS
Ir`re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irremediable.

IRREMEDIABLY
Ir`re*me"di*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction.

IRREMISSIBLE
Ir`re*mis"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremissibilis: cf. F. irrémissible.
See In- not, and Remissible.]

Defn: Not remissible; unpardonable; as, irremissible crimes. Burke.
— Ir`re*mis"si*ble, n.
— Ir`re*mis"si*bly, adv.

IRREMISSION
Ir`re*mis"sion, n.

Defn: Refusal of pardon.

IRREMISSIVE
Ir`re*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Not remitting; unforgiving.

IRREMITTABLE
Ir`re*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being remitted; irremissible. Holinshed.

IRREMOVABILITY
Ir`re*mov`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irremovable; immovableness.

IRREMOVABLE
Ir`re*mov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not removable; immovable; inflexible. Shak.
— Ir`re*mov"a*bly, adv.

IRREMOVAL
Ir`re*mov"al, n.

Defn: Absence of removal.

IRREMUNERABLE Ir`re*mu"ner*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. irremunerabilis: cf. F. irrémunérable. See Remunerate.]

Defn: Not remunerable; not capable of remuneration.

IRRENOWNED
Ir`re*nowned", a.

Defn: Not renowned. [Obs.]

IRREPARABILITY
Ir*rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irréparabilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being irreparable; irreparableness.
Sterne.

IRREPARABLE
Ir*rep"a*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. irreparabilis: cf. F. irréparable. See
In- not, and Reparable.]

Defn: Not reparable; not capable of being repaired, recovered, regained, or remedied; irretrievable; irremediable; as, an irreparable breach; an irreparable loss. Shak.

IRREPARABLENESS
Ir*rep"a*ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being irreparable.

IRREPARABLY
Ir*rep"a*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irreparable manner.

IRREPEALABILITY
Ir`re*peal`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irrepealable.

IRREPEALABLE
Ir`re*peal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not repealable; not capable of being repealed or revoked, as a
law.
— Ir`re*peal"a*ble*ness, n.
— Ir`re*peal"a*bly, adv.

IRREPENTANCE
Ir`re*pent"ance, n.

Defn: Want of repentance; impenitence. Bp. Montagu.

IRREPLEVIABLE; IRREPLEVISABLE
Ir`re*plev"i*a*ble, Ir`re*plev"i*sa*ble, a. (Law)

Defn: Not capable of being replevied.

IRREPREHENSIBLE Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble, a. Etym: [L. irreprehensibilis: cf. F. irrépréhensible. See Reprehensible.]

Defn: Not reprehensible; blameless; innocent.
— Ir*rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n.
— Ir*rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.

IRREPRESENTABLE
Ir*rep`re*sent"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being represented or portrayed.

IRREPRESSIBLE
Ir`re*press"i*ble, a.

Defn: Not capable of being repressed, restrained, or controlled; as, irrepressible joy; an irrepressible conflict. W. H. Steward.

IRREPRESSIBLY
Ir`re*press"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a manner or to a degree that can not be repressed.

IRREPROACHABLE Ir`re*proach"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + reproachable: cf. F. irréprochable.]

Defn: Not reproachable; above reproach; not deserving reproach;
blameless.
He [Berkely] erred, — and who is free from error — but his
intentions were irreproachable. Beattie.

IRREPROACHABLENESS
Ir`re*proach"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irreproachable; integrity; innocence.

IRREPROACHABLY
Ir`re*proach"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irreproachable manner; blamelessly.

IRREPROVABLE
Ir`re*prov"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being justly reproved; irreproachable; blameless;
upright.
— Ir`re*prov"a*ble*ness, n.
— Ir`re*prov"a*bly, adv.

IRREPTITIOUS Ir`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. irrepere, irreptum, to creep in; pref. ir- in + repere to creep.]

Defn: Surreptitious; spurious. [Obs.] Dr. Castell (1673).

IRREPUTABLE
Ir*rep"u*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Disreputable. [Obs.]

IRRESILIENT
Ir`re*sil"i*ent, a.

Defn: Not resilient; not recoiling or rebounding; inelastic.

IRRESISTANCE
Ir`re*sist"ance, n.

Defn: Nonresistance; passive submission.

IRRESISTIBILITY
Ir`re*sist`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irrésistibilité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being irrestible, irresistibleness.

IRRESISTIBLE Ir`re*sist"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + resistible: cf. F. irrésistible.]

Defn: That can not be successfully resisted or opposed; superior to
opposition; resistless; overpowering; as, an irresistible attraction.
An irresistible law of our nature impels us to seek happiness. J. M.
Mason.

IRRESISTIBLENESS
Ir`re*sist"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being irrestible.

IRRESISTIBLY
Ir`re*sist"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irrestible manner.

IRRESISTLESS
Ir`re*sist"less, a.

Defn: Irresistible. [Obs.] Glanvill.

IRRESOLUBLE
Ir*res"o*lu*ble, a. Etym: [L. irresolubilis: cf. F. irrésoluble. See
Resoluble, and cf. Irresolvable.]

1. Incapable of being dissolved or resolved into parts; insoluble. Boyle.

2. Incapable of being relieved or assisted. [Obs.] The second is in the irresoluble condition of our souls after a known sin committed. Bp. Hall.

IRRESOLUBLENESS
Ir*res"o*lu*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irresoluble; insolubility.

IRRESOLUTE
Ir*res"o*lute, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + resolute: cf. F. irrésolu,
L. irresolutus not loosened.]

Defn: Not resolute; not decided or determined; wavering; given to doubt or irresolution. Weak and irresolute is man. Cowper.

Syn.
— Wavering; vacillating; undetermined; undecided; unsettled;
fickle; changeable; inconstant.
— Ir*res"o*lute*ly, adv.
— Ir*res"o*lute*ness, n.

IRRESOLUTION
Ir*res`o*lu"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irrésolution.]

Defn: Want of resolution; want of decision in purpose; a fluctuation of mind, as in doubt, or between hope and fear; irresoluteness; indecision; vacillation. Irresolution on the schemes of life which offer themselves to our choice, and inconstancy in pursuing them, are the greatest causes of all unhappiness. Addison.

IRRESOLVABILITY
Ir`re*solv`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being irresolvable; irresolvableness.

IRRESOLVABLE
Ir`re*solv"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + resolvable. Cf.
Irresoluble.]

Defn: Incapable of being resolved; not separable into component parts. Irresolvable nebulæ (Astron.), nebulæ of a cloudlike appearance, which have not yet been resolved by the telescope into stars. Sir W. Herschel.

IRRESOLVABLENESS
Ir`re*solv"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being irresolvable; irresolvability.

IRRESOLVEDLY
Ir`re*solv"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Without settled determination; in a hesitating manner; doubtfully. [R.]

IRRESPECTIVE
Ir`re*spec"tive, a.

1. Without regard for conditions, circumstances, or consequences; unbiased; independent; impartial; as, an irrespective judgment.

According to this doctrine, it must be resolved wholly into the absolute, irrespective will of God. Rogers.

2. Disrespectful. [Obs.] Sir C. Cornwallis. Irrespective of, regardless of; without regard to; as, irrespective of differences.

IRRESPECTIVELY
Ir`re*spec"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: Without regard to conditions; not making circumstances into
consideration.
Prosperity, considered absolutely and irrespectively, is better and
more desirable than adversity. South.

IRRESPIRABLE
Ir*res"pi*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrespirabilis: cf. F. irrespirable.
See Respirable.]

Defn: Unfit for respiration; not having the qualities necessary to support animal life; as, irrespirable air.

IRRESPONSIBILITY
Ir`re*spon`si*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irresponsabilité.]

Defn: Want of, or freedom from, responsibility or accountability.

IRRESPONSIBLE Ir`re*spon"si*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + responsible: cf. F. irresponsable.]

1. Nor responsible; not liable or able to answer fro consequences; innocent.

2. Not to be trusted; unreliable.

IRRESPONSIBLY
Ir`re*spon"si*bly, adv.

Defn: So as not to be responsible.

IRRESPONSIVE
Ir`re*spon"sive, a.

Defn: Not responsive; not able, ready, or inclined to respond.

IRRESUSCITABLE
Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being resuscitated or revived.
— Ir`re*sus"ci*ta*bly, adv.

IRRETENTION
Ir`re*ten"tion, n.

Defn: Want of retaining power; forgetfulness. De Quincey.

IRRETENTIVE
Ir`re*ten"tive, a.

Defn: Not retentive; as, an irretentive memory.

IRRETRACEABLE
Ir`re*trace"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being retraced; not retraceable.

IRRETRACTILE
Ir`re*tract"ile, a.

1. Not retractile.

2. Not tractile or ductile. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

IRRETRIEVABLE
Ir`re*triev"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable; as, an irretrievable loss.

Syn.
— Irremediable; incurable; irrecoverable.

IRRETRIEVABLENESS
Ir`re*triev"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irretrievable.

IRRETRIEVABLY
Ir`re*triev"a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irretrievable manner.

IRRETURNABLE
Ir`re*turn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Not to be returned.

IRREVEALABLE
Ir`re*veal"a*ble, a.

Defn: Incapable of being revealed.
— Ir`re*veal"a*bly, adv.

IRREVERENCE
Ir*rev"er*ence, n. Etym: [L. irreverentia: cf. F. irrévérence.]

Defn: The state or quality of being irreverent; want of proper reverence; disregard of the authority and character of a superior.

IRREVEREND
Ir*rev"er*end, a.

Defn: Irreverent. [Obs.]
Immodest speech, or irreverend gesture. Strype.

IRREVERENT
Ir*rev"er*ent, a. Etym: [L. irreverens, -entis: cf. F. irrévérent.
See In- not, and Reverent.]

Defn: Not reverent; showing a want of reverence; expressive of a want of veneration; as, an irreverent babbler; an irreverent jest.

IRREVERENTLY
Ir*rev"er*ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an irreverent manner.

IRREVERSIBILITY
Ir`re*vers`i*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreversible; irreversibleness.

IRREVERSIBLE
Ir`re*vers"i*ble, a.

1. Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine.

2. Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as, an irreversible sentence or decree. This rejection of the Jews, as it is not universal, so neither is it final and irreversible. Jortin.

Syn.
— Irrevocable; irrepealable; unchangeable.

IRREVERSIBLENESS
Ir`re*vers"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being irreversible.

IRREVERSIBLE STEERING GEAR
Ir`re*vers"i*ble steering gear. (Mach.)

Defn: A steering gear, esp. for an automobile, not affected by the road wheels, as when they strike an obstacle side ways, but easily controlled by the hand wheel or steering lever.

IRREVERSIBLY
Ir`re*vers"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irreversible manner.

IRREVOCABILITY
Ir*rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irrévocabilité.]

Defn: The state or quality of being irrevocable; irrevocableness.

IRREVOCABLE
Ir*rev"o*ca*ble, a. Etym: [L. irrevocabilis: cf. F. irrévocable. See
In- not, and Revoke, and cf. Irrevocable.]

Defn: Incapable of being recalled or revoked; unchangeable;
irreversible; unalterable; as, an irrevocable promise or decree;
irrevocable fate.
Firm and irrevocable is my doom. Shak.
— Ir*rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n.
— Ir*rev"o*ca*bly, adv.

IRREVOKABLE
Ir`re*vok"a*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + revoke.]

Defn: Irrevocable. [R.]

IRREVOLUBLE
Ir*rev"o*lu*ble, a.

Defn: That has no finite period of revolution; not revolving. [R.]
The dateless and irrevocable circle of eternity. Milton.

IRRHETORICAL
Ir`rhe*tor"ic*al, a.

Defn: Not rethorical.

IRRIGATE
Ir"ri*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrigated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irrigating.] Etym: [L. irrigatus, p. p. of irrigare to irrigate: ir-
in + rigare to water; prob. akin to E. rain. See Rain.]

1. To water; to wet; to moisten with running or dropping water; to bedew.

2. (Agric.)

Defn: To water, as land, by causing a stream to flow upon, over, or through it, as in artificial channels.

IRRIGATION
Ir`ri*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. irrigatio: cf. F. irrigation.]

Defn: The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.

IRRIGUOUS
Ir*rig"u*ous, a. Etym: [L. irriguus. See Irrigate.]

1. Watered; watery; moist; dewy. [Obs.] The flowery lap Of some irriguous valley spreads her store. Milton.

2. Gently penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] J. Philips.

IRRISIBLE
Ir*ris"i*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. ir- not + risible. See Irrision.]

Defn: Not risible. [R.]

IRRISION Ir*ri"sion, n. Etym: [L. irrisio, fr. irridere, irrisum. to laugh at; pref. ir- in + ridere to laugh: cf. F. irrision.]

Defn: The act of laughing at another; derision.
This being spoken scepticè, or by way of irrision. Chapman.

IRRITABILITY
Ir`ri*ta*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. irritabilitas: cf. F. irritabilité.]

1. The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability; petulance; fretfulness; as, irritability of temper.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: A natural susceptibility, characteristic of all living organisms, tissues, and cells, to the influence of certain stimuli, response being manifested in a variety of ways, — as that quality in plants by which they exhibit motion under suitable stimulation; esp., the property which living muscle processes, of responding either to a direct stimulus of its substance, or to the stimulating influence of its nerve fibers, the response being indicated by a change of form, or contraction; contractility.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of morbid excitability of an organ or part of the body; undue susceptibility to the influence of stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.

IRRITABLE
Ir"ri*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. irritabilis: cf. F. irritable. See
Irritate.]

1. Capable of being irriated.

2. Very susceptible of anger or passion; easily inflamed or exasperated; as, an irritable temper. Vicious, old, and irritable. Tennyson.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: Endowed with irritability; susceptible of irritation; capable of being excited to action by the application of certain stimuli.

4. (Med.)

Defn: Susceptible of irritation; unduly sensitive to irritants or stimuli. See Irritation, n., 3.

Syn.
— Excitable; irascible; touchy; fretful; peevish.

IRRITABLENESS
Ir"ri*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Irritability.

IRRITABLY
Ir"ri*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In an irritable manner.

IRRITANCY
Ir"ri*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From 1st Irritant.] (Scots Law)

Defn: The state or quality of being null and void; invalidity; forfeiture. Burrill.

IRRITANCY
Ir"ri*tan*cy, n. Etym: [From 2d Irritant.]

Defn: The state o quality of being irritant or irritating.

IRRITANT
Ir"ri*tant, a. Etym: [LL. irritants, -antis, p. pr. of irritare to
make null, fr. L. irritus void; pref. ir- not + ratus established.]
(Scots Law)

Defn: Rendering null and void; conditionally invalidating. The states elected Harry, Duke of Anjou, for their king, with this clause irritant; that, if he did violate any part of his oath, the people should owe him no allegiance. Hayward.

IRRITANT Ir"ri*tant, a. Etym: [L. irritans, -antis, p. pr. of irritare: cf. F. irritant. See Irritate to excite.]

Defn: Irritating; producing irritation or inflammation.

IRRITANT
Ir"ri*tant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irritant.]

1. That which irritates or excites.

2. (Physiol. & Med.)

Defn: Any agent by which irritation is produced; as, a chemical irritant; a mechanical or electrical irritant.

3. (Toxicology)

Defn: A poison that produces inflammation. Counter irritant. See
under Counter.
— Pure irritant (Toxicology), a poison that produces inflammation
without any corrosive action upon the tissues.

IRRITATE
Ir"ri*tate, v. t. Etym: [See 1 st Irritant.]

Defn: To render null and void. [R.] Abp. Bramhall.

IRRITATE
Ir"ri*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irritated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irritating.] Etym: [L. irritatus, p. p. of irritare. Of doubtful
origin.]

1. To increase the action or violence of; to heighten excitement in; to intensify; to stimulate. Cold maketh the spirits vigorous and irritateth them. Bacon.

2. To excite anger or displeasure in; to provoke; to tease; to exasperate; to annoy; to vex; as, the insolence of a tyrant irritates his subjects. Dismiss the man, nor irritate the god: Prevent the rage of him who reigns above. Pope.

3. (Physiol.)

Defn: To produce irritation in; to stimulate; to cause to contract.
See Irritation, n., 2.

4. (Med.)

Defn: To make morbidly excitable, or oversensitive; to fret; as, the skin is irritated by friction; to irritate a wound by a coarse bandage.

Syn. — To fret; inflame; excite; provoke; tease; vex; exasperate; anger; incense; enrage. — To Irritate, Provoke, Exasperate. These words express different stages of excited or angry feeling. Irritate denotes an excitement of quick and slightly angry feeling which is only momentary; as, irritated by a hasty remark. To provoke implies the awakening of some open expression of decided anger; as, a provoking insult. Exasperate denotes a provoking of anger at something unendurable. Whatever comes across our feelings irritates; whatever excites anger provokes; whatever raises anger to a high point exasperates. "Susceptible and nervous people are most easily irritated; proud people are quickly provoked; hot and fiery people are soonest exasperated." Crabb.

IRRITATE
Ir"ri*tate, a.

Defn: Excited; heightened. [Obs.]

IRRITATION
Ir`ri*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. irritatio: cf. F. irritation.]

1. The act of irritating, or exciting, or the state of being irritated; excitement; stimulation, usually of an undue and uncomfortable kind; especially, excitement of anger or passion; provocation; annoyance; anger. The whole body of the arts and sciences composes one vast machinery for the irritation and development of the human intellect. De Quincey.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The act of exciting, or the condition of being excited to action, by stimulation; — as, the condition of an organ of sense, when its nerve is affected by some external body; esp., the act of exciting muscle fibers to contraction, by artificial stimulation; as, the irritation of a motor nerve by electricity; also, the condition of a muscle and nerve, under such stimulation.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.

IRRITATIVE
Ir"ri*ta*tive, a.

1. Serving to excite or irritate; irritating; as, an irritative agent.

2. Accompanied with, or produced by, increased action or irritation; as, an irritative fever. E. Darwin.

IRRITATORY
Ir"ri*ta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Exciting; producing irritation; irritating. [R.] Hales.

IRRORATE
Ir"ro*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Irrorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Irrorating.] Etym: [L. irroratus, p. p. of irrorare to bedew; pref.
ir- in + ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: To sprinkle or moisten with dew; to bedew. [Obs.]

IRRORATE
Ir"ro*rate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with minute grains, appearing like fine sand.

IRRORATION
Ir`ro*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. irroration.]

Defn: The act of bedewing; the state of being moistened with de
[Obs.] Chambers.

IRROTATIONAL
Ir`ro*ta"tion*al, a. (Physics)

Defn: Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; — said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass. Sir W. Thomson.

IRRUBRICAL
Ir*ru"bric*al, a.

Defn: Contrary to the rubric; not rubrical.

IRRUGATE
Ir"ru*gate, v. t. Etym: [L. irrugatus, p. p. of irrugare to wrinkle.]

Defn: To wrinkle. [Obs.]

IRRUPTED Ir*rupt"ed, a. Etym: [L. irruptus, p. p. of irrumpere to break in; pref. ir- in + rumpere to break or burst. See Rupture.]

Defn: Broken with violence.

IRRUPTION
Ir*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. irruptio: cf. F. irruption. See Irrupted.]

1. A bursting in; a sudden, violent rushing into a place; as, irruptions of the sea. Lest evil tidings, with too rude irruption Hitting thy aged ear, should pierce too deep. Milton.

2. A sudden and violent inroad, or entrance of invaders; as, the irruptions of the Goths into Italy. Addison.

Syn.
— Invasion; incursion; inroad. See Invasion.

IRRUPTIVE
Ir*rup"tive, a.

Defn: Rushing in or upon.

IRVINGITE
Ir"ving*ite, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: The common designation of one a sect founded by the Rev. Edward Irving (about 1830), who call themselves the Catholic Apostolic Church. They are highly ritualistic in worship, have an elaborate hierarchy of apostles, prophets, etc., and look for the speedy coming of Christ.

IS-
Is-

Defn: . See Iso-.

IS
Is, v. i. Etym: [AS. is; akin to G. & Goth. ist, L. est, Gr. asti. .
Cf. Am, Entity, Essence, Absent.]

Defn: The third person singular of the substantive verb be, in the indicative mood, present tense; as, he is; he is a man. See Be.

Note: In some varieties of the Northern dialect of Old English, is
was used for all persons of the singular.
For thy is I come, and eke Alain. Chaucer.
Aye is thou merry. Chaucer.

Note: The idiom of using the present for future events sure to happen is a relic of Old English in which the present and future had the same form; as, this year Christmas is on Friday. To-morrow is the new moon. 1 Sam. xx. 5.

ISABEL; ISABEL COLOR
Is"a*bel, n., Is"a*bel col"or.Etym: [F. isabelle.]

Defn: See Isabella.

ISABELLA; ISABELLA COLOR Is`a*bel"la, n., Is`a*bel"la col"or. Etym: [Said to be named from the Spanish princess Isabella, daughter of king Philip II., in allusion to the color assumed by her shift, which she wore without change from 1601 to 1604, in consequence of a vow made by her.]

Defn: A brownish yellow color.

ISABELLA GRAPE
Is`a*bel"la grape`. (Bot.)

Defn: A favorite sweet American grape of a purple color. See Fox grape, under Fox.

ISABELLA MOTH
Is`a*bel"la moth`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A common American moth (Pyrrharctia isabella), of an isabella color. The larva, called woolly bear and hedgehog caterpillar, is densely covered with hairs, which are black at each end of the body, and red in the middle part.

ISABELLINE
Is`a*bel"line, a.

Defn: Of an isabel or isabella color.

ISAGELOUS; ISAGEL
A. [Is- + Gr. Agelos Information.]

Defn: Containing the same information, as isagelous sentences. The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely isagelous. Bacon The complementary strands have isagelous sequences. J. D. Watson. — Isagel I*sag"e*lous (i*sâg"ê*lûs), a. Etym: [Is- + Gr. a`gelos information.]

Defn: Containing the same information, as isagelous sentences. "The coded message and the original, though appearing entirely unlike, are completely isagelous." Bacon "The complementary strands have isagelous sequences." J. D. Watson. — Is"a*gel n.

Defn: One of two or more objects containing the same information.

ISAGOGE
I"sa*goge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Fr.

Defn: An introduction. [Obs.] Harris.

ISAGOGIC; ISAGOGICAL
I"sa*gog"ic, I"sa*gog"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. isagogicus, Gr.

Defn: Introductory; especially, introductory to the study of theology.

ISAGOGICS
I"sa*gog"ics, n. (Theol.)

Defn: That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of the Scriptures.

ISAGON
I"sa*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. isagone, a.] (Math.)

Defn: A figure or polygon whose angles are equal.

ISAPOSTOLIC
Is*ap`os*tol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having equal, or almost equal, authority with the apostles of their teachings.

ISATIC; ISATINIC
I*sat"ic, I`sa*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, isatin; as, isatic acid, which is also called trioxindol.

ISATIDE
I"sa*tide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance obtained by the partial reduction of isatin. [Written also isatyde.]

ISATIN
I"sa*tin, n. Etym: [See Isatis.] (Chem.)

Defn: An orange-red crystalline substance, C8H5NO2, obtained by the oxidation of indigo blue. It is also produced from certain derivatives of benzoic acid, and is one important source of artificial indigo. [Written also, less properly, isatine.]

ISATIS
I"sa*tis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of plant, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of herbs, some species of which, especially the Isatis tinctoria, yield a blue dye similar to indigo; woad.

ISATOGEN
I*sat"o*gen, n. Etym: [Isatin + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous radical, C8H4NO2, regarded as the essential residue of a series of compounds, related to isatin, which easily pass by reduction to indigo blue. — I*sat`o*gen"ic, a.

ISATROPIC
I`sa*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Is- + atropine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from atropine, and isomeric with cinnamic acid.

ISCHIAC
Is"chi*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Ischial.

ISCHIADIC
Is`chi*ad"ic, a. Etym: [L. ischiadicus, Gr. Sciatic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Ischial. [R.] Ischiadic passion or disease (Med.), a rheumatic or neuralgic affection of some part about the hip joint; — called also sciatica.

ISCHIAL
Is"chi*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ischium or hip; ischiac; ischiadic; ischiatic. Ischial callosity (Zoöl.), one of the patches of thickened hairless, and often bright-colored skin, on the buttocks of many apes, as the drill.

ISCHIATIC
Is`chi*at"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Ishial.

ISCHIOCAPSULAR
Is`chi*o*cap"su*lar a. Etym: [Ischium + capsular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ischium and the capsule of the hip joint; as, the ischiocapsular ligament.

ISCHIOCERITE
Is`chi*o*ce"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint or the antennæ of the Crustacea.

ISCHION; ISCHIUM
Is"chi*on, Is"chi*um, n. Etym: [L., Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The ventral and posterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; seat bone; the huckle bone.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the pleuræ of insects.

ISCHIOPODITE
Is`chi*op"o*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The third joint of the typical appendages of Crustacea.

ISCHIORECTAL
Is`chi*o*rec"tal, a. Etym: [Ischium + rectal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region between the rectum and ishial tuberosity.

ISCHURETIC
Is`chu*ret"ic, a.

Defn: Having the quality of relieving ischury.
— n.

Defn: An ischuretic medicine.

ISCHURY
Is"chu*ry, n. Etym: [L. ischuria, Gr. ischurie.] (Med.)

Defn: A retention or suppression of urine.

-ISE -ise

Defn: . See -ize.

ISENTROPIC
I`sen*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Is- + entropy + -ic.] (Physics)

Defn: Having equal entropy. Isentropic lines, lines which pass through points having equal entropy.

ISETHIONIC
I*seth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Is- + ethionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid, HO.C2H4.SO3H, obtained as an oily or crystalline substance, by the action of sulphur trioxide on alcohol or ether. It is derivative of sulphuric acid.

-ISH -ish. Etym: [AS. -isc; akin to G. -isch, OHG. -isc, Goth. & Dan. - isk, Gr. -esque.]

Defn: A suffix used to from adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It denotes relation, resemblance, similarity, and sometimes has a diminutive force; as, selfish, boyish, brutish; whitish, somewhat white.

-ISH -ish. Etym: [OE. -issen, fr. F. -is, -iss- (found in the present particle, etc., of certain verbs, as finir to finish, fleurir to flourish), corresponding to L. -escere, an inchoative ending.]

Defn: A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; as, abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish, impoverish.

ISHMAELITE
Ish"ma*el*ite, n.

1. A descendant of Ishmael (the son of Abraham and Hagar), of whom it was said, "His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him." Gen. xvi. 12.

2. One at enmity with society; a wanderer; a vagabond; an outcast. Thackeray.

3. See Ismaelian.

ISHMAELITISH
Ish"ma*el*i`tish, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an Ishmaelite or the
Ishmaelites.

ISIAC
I"si*ac, a. Etym: [L. Isiacus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the goddess Isis; as, Isiac mysteries.

ISICLE
I"si*cle, n.

Defn: A icicle. [Obs.]

ISIDORIAN
Is`i*do"ri*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining, or ascribed, to Isidore; as, the Isidorian decretals, a spurious collection of decretals published in the ninth century.

ISINGLASS I"sin*glass, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. D. huizenblas (akin to G. hausenblase), lit., bladder of the huso, or large sturgeon; huizen sturgeon + blas bladder. Cf. Bladder, Blast a gust of wind.]

1. A semitransparent, whitish, and very pure from of gelatin, chiefly prepared from the sounds or air bladders of various species of sturgeons (as the Acipenser huso) found in the of Western Russia. It used for making jellies, as a clarifier, etc. Cheaper forms of gelatin are not unfrequently so called. Called also fish glue.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A popular name for mica, especially when in thin sheets.

ISIS
I"sis, n. Etym: [L., the goddess Isis, fr. Gr.

1. (Myth.)

Defn: The principal goddess worshiped by the Egyptians. She was regarded as the mother of Horus, and the sister and wife of Osiris. The Egyptians adored her as the goddess of fecundity, and as the great benefactress of their country, who instructed their ancestors in the art of agriculture.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any coral of the genus Isis, or family Isidæ, composed of joints of white, stony coral, alternating with flexible, horny joints. See Gorgoniacea.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: One of the asteroids.

ISLAM
Is"lam, n. Etym: [Ar. islam obedience to the will of God, submission,
humbling one's self, resigning one's self to the divine disposal. Cf.
Moslem.]

1. The religion of the Mohammedans; Mohammedanism; Islamism. Their formula of faith is: There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.

2. The whole body of Mohammedans, or the countries which they occupy.

ISLAMISM
Is"lam*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. islamisme.]

Defn: The faith, doctrines, or religious system of the Mohammedans;
Mohammedanism; Islam.

ISLAMITE
Is"lam*ite, n.

Defn: A Mohammedan.

ISLAMITIC
Is`lam*it"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Islam; Mohammedan.

ISLAMIZE
Is"lam*ize, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Islamized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Islamizing.]

Defn: To conform, or cause to conform, to the religion of Islam.

ISLAND Is"land, n. Etym: [OE. iland, yland, AS. igland, , ; ig, , island + land, lond, land. AS. ig, , is akin to AS. eá water, river, OHG. , G. au meadow, Icel. ey island, Dan. & Sw. ö, Goth. ahwa a stream, water, L. aqua water. The s is due to confusion with isle. Cf. Ait, Eyot, Ewer, Aquatic.]

1. A tract of land surrounded by water, and smaller than a continent. Cf. Continent.

2. Anything regarded as resembling an island; as, an island of ice.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Isle, n., 2. Islands of the blessed (Myth.), islands supposed to lie in the Western Ocean, where the favorites of the gods are conveyed at death, and dwell in everlasting joy.

ISLAND
Is"land, v. t.

1. To cause to become or to resemble an island; to make an island or islands of; to isle. Shelley.

2. To furnish with an island or with islands; as, to island the deep. Southey.

ISLANDER
Is"land*er, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of an island.

ISLANDY
Is"land*y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to islands; full of islands. Cotgrave.

ISLE
Isle, n. Etym: [Obs.]

Defn: See Aisle.

ISLE
Isle, n. Etym: [OF. isle, F. île, L. insula; cf. Lith. sala. Cf.
Insulate.]

1. An island. [Poetic] Imperial rule of all the seagirt isles. Milton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spot within another of a different color, as upon the wings of some insects.

ISLE
Isle, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island. [Poetic] Isled in sudden seas of light. Tennyson.

ISLET
Is"let, n. Etym: [OF. islette (cf. F. îlot), dim. of isle.]

Defn: A little island.

-ISM -ism. Etym: [F. -isme, or L. -ismus, Gr.

Defn: A suffix indicating an act, a process, the result of an act or a process, a state; also, a characteristic (as a theory, doctrine, idiom, etc.); as, baptism, galvanism, organism, hypnotism, socialism, sensualism, Anglicism.

ISM
Ism, n. Etym: [See ism, above.]

Defn: A doctrine or theory; especially, a wild or visionary theory.
E. Everett.
The world grew light-headed, and forth came a spawn of isms which no
man can number. S. G. Goodrich.

ISMAELIAN; ISMAELITE
Is`ma*e"li*an, Is"ma*el*ite, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of a sect of Mohammedans who favored the pretensions of the family of Mohammed ben Ismael, of the house Ali.

ISO-; IS-
I"so-, Is-.Etym: [Gr. 'i`sos equal.]

Defn: A prefix or combining form, indicating identity, or equality; the same numerical value; as in isopod, isomorphous, isochromatic. Specif.: (a) (Chem.) Applied to certain compounds having the same composition but different properties; as in isocyanic. (b) (Organic Chem.) Applied to compounds of certain isomeric series in whose structure one carbon atom, at least, is connected with three other carbon atoms; — contrasted with neo- and normal; as in isoparaffine; isopentane.

ISOBAR
I"so*bar, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting or marking places upon the surface of the earth where height of the barometer reduced to sea level is the same either at a given time, or for a certain period (mean height), as for a year; an isopiestic line. [Written also isobare.]

ISOBAR
I"so*bar, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.

ISOBARIC
I`so*bar"ic, a. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Denoting equal pressure; as, an isobaric line; specifically, of or pertaining to isobars.

ISOBARISM
I"so*bar*ism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being equal in weight, especially in atmospheric pressure. Also, the theory, method, or application of isobaric science.

ISOBAROMETRIC
I`so*bar`o*met"ric, a. Etym: [Iso + barometric.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Indicating equal barometric pressure.

ISOBATHYTHERM
I`so*bath"y*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting the points on the surface of the earth where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.

ISOBATHYTHERMIC
I`so*bath"y*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an isobathytherm; possessing or indicating the same temperature at the same depth.

ISOBRONT
I"so*bront (i"so*bront), n. [Iso- + Gr. bronth` thunder.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An imaginary line, or a line on a chart, marking the simultaneous development of a thunderstorm, as noted by observing the time when the thunder is heard at different places.

ISOCEPHALISM
I`so*ceph"a*lism, n. Etym: [From Gr. Iso-, and Cephalon.] (Art)

Defn: A peculiarity in the design of bas-relief by which the heads of human figures are kept at the same height from the ground, whether the personages are seated, standing, or mounted on horseback; — called also isokephaleia.

ISOCHASM
I"so*chasm, n. Etym: [Iso- + chasm.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting places on the earth's surface at which there is the same mean frequency of auroras.

ISOCHASMIC
I`so*chas"mic, a.

Defn: Indicating equal auroral display; as, an isochasmic line.

ISOCHEIM
I"so*cheim, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting places on the earth having the same mean winter temperature. Cf. Isothere.

ISOCHEIMAL; ISOCHIMAL
I`so*chei"mal, I`so*chi"mal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or making, isocheims; as, an isocheimal line; an isocheimal chart.

ISOCHEIMENAL; ISOCHIMENAL
I`so*chei"me*nal, I`so*chi"me*nal a.

Defn: The same as Isocheimal.

ISOCHEIMIC
I`so*chei"mic, a.

Defn: The same as Isocheimal.

ISOCHIMENE
I`so*chi"mene, n.

Defn: The same as Isocheim.

ISOCHOR
I"so*chor, n. [Iso- + Gr. xhw`ra space.] (Physics)

Defn: A line upon a thermodynamic diagram so drawn as to represent the pressures corresponding to changes of temperature when the volume of the gas operated on is constant. — I`so*chor"ic (#), a.

ISOCHROMATIC
I`so*chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + chromatic.] (Opt.)

Defn: Having the same color; connecting parts having the same color, as lines drawn through certain points in experiments on the chromatic effects of polarized light in crystals.

ISOCHRONAL
I*soch"ro*nal, a. Etym: [See Isochronous.]

Defn: Uniform in time; of equal time; performed in equal times; recurring at regular intervals; isochronal vibrations or oscillations.

ISOCHRONIC
I`so*chron"ic, a.

Defn: Isochronal.

ISOCHRONISM
I*soch"ro*nism, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being isochronous.

ISOCHRONIZE I*soch"ro*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -nized; p. pr. & vb. n. - nizing.] [See Isochronous.]

Defn: To make, or tend to make (the motion of a moving body), uniform in rate of rotation, or in frequency of vibration.

ISOCHRONON
I*soch"ro*non, n. Etym: [NL. See Isochronous.]

Defn: A clock that is designed to keep very accurate time.

ISOCHRONOUS
I*soch"ro*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Isochronal.

ISOCHROOUS
I*soch"ro*ous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Having the same tint or color throughout; uniformly or evenly colored.

ISOCLINAL; ISOCLINIC
I`so*cli"nal, I`so*clin"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or indicating, equality of inclination or dip; having equal inclination or dip. Isoclinal lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface connecting places at which a dipping needle indicates the same inclination or dip.

ISOCRYMAL
I`so*cry"mal, a. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or illustrating, an isocryme; as, an isocrymal line; an isocrymal chart.

ISOCRYME
I"so*cryme, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.

ISOCRYMIC
I`so*crym"ic, a.

Defn: Isocrymal.

ISOCYANIC
I`so*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating an acid isomeric with cyanic acid. Isocyanic acid, an acid metameric with cyanic acid, and resembling it in its salts. It is obtained as a colorless, mobile, unstable liquid by the heating cyanuric acid. Called technically carbimide.

ISOCYANURIC
I`so*cy`a*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + cyanuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, an acid isomeric with cyanuric acid, and called also fulminuric acid. See under Fulminuric.

ISODIABATIC
I`so*di`a*bat"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to the reception or the giving out of equal quantities of heat by a substance. Rankine. Isodiabatic lines or curves, a pair of lines or curves exhibiting, on a diagram of energy, the law of variation of the pressure and density of a fluid, the one during the lowering, and the other during the raising, of its temperature, when the quantity of heat given out by the fluid during any given stage of the one process is equal to the quantity received during the corresponding stage of the other. Such lines are said to be isodiabatic with respect to each other. Compare Adiabatic.

ISODIAMETRIC
I`so*di`a*met"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + diametric.]

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Developed alike in the directions of the several lateral axes; — said of crystals of both the tetragonal and hexagonal systems.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the several diameters nearly equal; — said of the cells of ordinary parenchyma.

ISODIMORPHIC
I`so*di*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Iso- + dimorphic.]

Defn: Isodimorphous.

ISODIMORPHISM
I`so*di*mor"phism, n.

Defn: Isomorphism between the two forms severally of two dimorphous substances.

ISODIMORPHOUS
I`so*di*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Iso- + dimorphous.]

Defn: Having the quality of isodimorphism.

ISODROME
I"so*drome, n. [Iso- + Gr. course.] (Nav.)

Defn: A method of moving a fleet from one formation to another, the direction usually being changed eight points (90º), by means of paths of equal length for each ship. It is prohibited in the United States navy.

ISODULCITE
I`so*dul"cite, n. Etym: [Iso- + dulcite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, sugarlike substance, obtained by the decomposition of certain glucosides, and intermediate in nature between the hexacid alcohols (ductile, mannite, etc.) and the glucoses.

ISODYNAMIC
I`so*dy*nam"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + dynamic.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, having, or denoting, equality of force.
Isodynamic foods (Physiol.), those foods that produce a similar
amount of heat.
— Isodynamic lines (Magnetism), lines on the earth's surface
connecting places at which the magnetic intensity is the same.

ISODYNAMOUS
I`so*dy"na*mous, a. Etym: [Gr. Isodynamic.]

Defn: Of equal force or size.

ISOGEOTHERM
I`so*ge"o*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. gh^ the earth + qe`rmh heat.]
(Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line or curved surface passing beneath the earth's surface through points having the same mean temperature.

ISOGEOTHERMAL; ISOGEOTHERMIC
I`so*ge`o*ther"mal, I`so*ge`o*ther"mic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, having the nature of, or marking, isogeotherms; as, an isogeothermal line or surface; as isogeothermal chart. — n.

Defn: An isogeotherm.

ISOGONIC
I`so*gon"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or noting, equal angles. Isogonic lines (Magnetism), lines traced on the surface of the globe, or upon a chart, connecting places at which the deviation of the magnetic needle from the meridian or true north is the same.

ISOGONIC
I`so*gon"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Characterized by isogonism.

ISOGONISM
I*sog"o*nism, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The quality of having similar sexual zooids or gonophores and dissimilar hydrants; — said of certain hydroids.

ISOGRAPHIC
I`so*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to isography.

ISOGRAPHY
I*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Iso- + -graphy.]

Defn: Imitation of another's handwriting,

ISOHYETOSE
I`so*hy"e*tose`, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. "yeto`s rain.] (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to lines connecting places on the earth's surface which have a mean annual rainfall. — n.

Defn: An isohyetose line.

ISOLABLE
I"so*la*ble, a. Etym: [See Isolate.] (Chem.)

Defn: Capable of being isolated, or of being obtained in a pure state; as, gold is isolable.

ISOLATE
I"so*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Isolated; p. pr. & vb. n. Isolating.]
Etym: [It. isolato, p. p. of isolare to isolate, fr. isola island, L.
insula. See 2d Isle, and cf. Insulate.]

1. To place in a detached situation; to place by itself or alone; to insulate; to separate from others. Short isolated sentences were the mode in which ancient wisdom delighted to convey its precepts. Bp. Warburton.

2. (Elec.)

Defn: To insulate. See Insulate.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: To separate from all foreign substances; to make pure; to obtain in a free state.

ISOLATED
I"so*la`ted, a.

Defn: Placed or standing alone; detached; separated from others.
Isolated point of a curve. (Geom.) See Acnode.

ISOLATEDLY
I"so*la`ted*ly, adv.

Defn: In an isolated manner.

ISOLATION
I`so*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. isolation.]

Defn: The act of isolating, or the state of being isolated; insulation; separation; loneliness. Milman.

ISOLATOR
I"so*la`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, isolates.

ISOLOGOUS
I*sol"o*gous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having similar proportions, similar relations, or similar differences of composition; — said specifically of groups or series which differ by a constant difference; as, ethane, ethylene, an acetylene, or their analogous compounds, form an isologous series.

ISOMER
I"so*mer, n. Etym: [See Isomeric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A body or compound which is isomeric with another body or compound; a member of an isomeric series.

ISOMERE
I"so*mere, n. [Iso- + -mere.] (Zoöl.)

1. A homologous or corresponding part or segment.

2. (Chem.) = Isomer.

ISOMERIC
I`so*mer"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. isomérique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having the same percentage composition; — said of two or more different substances which contain the same ingredients in the same proportions by weight, often used with with. Specif.: (a) Polymeric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight, but with different molecular weights; as, acetylene and benzine are isomeric (polymeric) with each other in this sense. See Polymeric. (b) Metameric; i. e., having the same elements united in the same proportions by weight, and with the same molecular weight, but which a different structure or arrangement of the ultimate parts; as, ethyl alcohol and methyl ether are isomeric (metameric) with each other in this sense. See Metameric.

ISOMERIDE
I*som"er*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An isomer. [R.]

ISOMERISM
I*som"er*ism, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The state, quality, or relation, of two or more isomeric substances. Physical isomerism (Chem.), the condition or relation of certain (metameric) substances, which, while chemically identical (in that they have the same composition, the same molecular weights, and the same ultimate constitution), are yet physically different, as in their action on polarized light, as dextro- and lævo-tartaric acids. In such compounds there is usually at least one unsymmetrical carbon atom. See Unsymmetrical.

ISOMEROMORPHISM
I`so*mer`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Isomer + Gr. ism.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Isomorphism between substances that are isomeric.

ISOMETRIC; ISOMETRICAL
I`so*met"ric, I`so*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, equality of measure.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Noting, or conforming to, that system of crystallization in which the three axes are of equal length and at right angles to each other; monometric; regular; cubic. Cf. Crystallization. Isometric lines (Thermodynamics), lines representing in a diagram the relations of pressure and temperature in a gas, when the volume remains constant. — Isometrical perspective. See under Perspective. — Isometrical projection, a species of orthographic projection, in which but a single plane of projection is used. It is so named from the fact that the projections of three equal lines, parallel respectively to three rectangular axes, are equal to one another. This kind of projection is principally used in delineating buildings or machinery, in which the principal lines are parallel to three rectangular axes, and the principal planes are parallel to three rectangular planes passing through the three axes.

ISOMORPH
I"so*morph, n. Etym: [See Isomorphous.]

Defn: A substance which is similar to another in crystalline form and composition.

ISOMORPHIC
I`so*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Isomorphous.

ISOMORPHISM
I`so*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. isomorphisme.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: A similarity of crystalline form between substances of similar composition, as between the sulphates of barium (BaSO4) and strontium (SrSO4). It is sometimes extended to include similarity of form between substances of unlike composition, which is more properly called homoeomorphism.

ISOMORPHOUS
I`so*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Iso- + -morphous.]

Defn: Having the quality of isomorphism.

ISONANDRA
I`so*nan"dra, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of sapotaceous trees of India. Isonandra Gutta is the principal source of gutta-percha.

ISONEPHELIC
I`so*ne*phel"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: Having, or indicating, an equal amount of cloudiness for a given period; as, isonephelic regions; an isonephelic line.

ISONICOTINE
I`so*nic"o*tine, n. Etym: [Iso- + nicotine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, nitrogenous base, C10H14N2, isomeric with nicotine.

ISONICOTINIC I`so*nic`o*tin"ic, a. (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or derived from, isonicotine. (b) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid isomeric with nicotinic acid.

ISONITROSO-
I`so*ni*tro"so-. Etym: [Iso- + nitroso-.] (Chem.)

Defn: A combining from (also used adjectively), signifying: Pertaining to, or designating, the characteristic, nitrogenous radical, NOH, called the isonitroso group.

ISONOMIC
I`so*nom"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The same, or equal, in law or right; one in kind or origin; analogous; similar. Dana.

ISONOMY
I*son"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. isonomie. See Isonomic.]

Defn: Equal law or right; equal distribution of rights and privileges; similarity.

ISOPATHY I*sop"a*thy, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Med.) (a) The system which undertakes to cure a disease by means of the virus of the same disease. (b) The theory of curing a diseased organ by eating the analogous organ of a healthy animal. Mayne. (c) The doctrine that the power of therapeutics is equal to that of the causes of disease.

ISOPEPSIN
I`so*pep"sin, n. Etym: [Iso- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pepsin modified by exposure to a temperature of from 40º to 60º
C.

ISOPERIMETRICAL
I`so*per`i*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. isopérimètre. See Perimeter.]
(Geom.)

Defn: Having equal perimeters of circumferences; as, isoperimetrical figures or bodies.

ISOPERIMETRY
I`so*per*im"e*try, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The science of figures having equal perimeters or boundaries.

ISOPIESTIC
I`so*pi*es"tic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: Having equal pressure. Isopiestic lines, lines showing, in a diagram, the relations of temperature and volume, when the elastic force is constant; — called also isobars.

ISOPLEURA
I`so*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Iso-, and Pleura.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A subclass of Gastropoda, in which the body is symmetrical, the right and left sides being equal.

Note: The intestine terminates at the posterior end of the body, and the gills and circulatory and reproductive organs are paired. It includes the chitons (Polyplacophora), together with Neomenia and Chætoderma, which are wormlike forms without a shell.

ISOPOD
I"so*pod, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the legs similar in structure; belonging to the Isopoda.
— n.

Defn: One of the Isopoda.

ISOPODA
I*sop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Iso-, and -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of sessile-eyed Crustacea, usually having seven pairs of legs, which are all similar in structure.

Note: The body is usually depressed, with the abdominal segments short, and often consolidated in part. The branchiæ are on the abdominal appendages. The group includes the terrestrial pill bugs and sow bugs, with numerous marine forms. See Arthrostrata, Gribble.

ISOPODIFORM
I`so*pod"i*form, a. Etym: [Isopod + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the shape of an isopod; — said of the larvæ of certain insects.

ISOPODOUS
I*sop"o*dous, a.

Defn: Same as Isopod.

ISOPOGONOUS
I`so*pog"o*nous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the two webs equal in breath; — said of feathers.

ISOPRENE
I"so*prene, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily, volatile hydrocarbon, obtained by the distillation of caoutchouc or guttaipercha.C5H8 — unsaturated, and used to make synthetic rubber by polymerization. In organic chemistry, viewed conceptually as the building block of the terpene series of hydrocarbons

ISOPYCNIC
I`so*pyc"nic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. pykno`s dense.] (Physics)

Defn: Having equal density, as different regions of a medium; passing through points at which the density is equal; as, an isopycnic line or surface.

ISOPYCNIC
I`so*pyc"nic, n. (Physics)

Defn: A line or surface passing through those points in a medium, at which the density is the same.

ISORCIN
I*sor"cin, n. Etym: [Iso- + orcin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline hydrocarbon derivative, metameric with orcin, but produced artificially; — called also cresorcin.

ISORROPIC I`sor*rop"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. 'iso`rropos in equipoise; 'i`sos equal + "roph` downward inclination or momentum.]

Defn: Of equal value. Isorropic line (in a diagram) (Geom.), the locus of all the points for which a specified function has a constant value. Newcomb.

ISOSCELES
I*sos"ce*les, a. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + (Geom.)

Defn: Having two legs or sides that are equal; — said of a triangle.

ISOSPONDYLI
I`so*spon"dy*li, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'i`sos equal + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of fishes, including the salmons, herrings, and many allied forms.

ISOSPONDYLOUS
I`so*spon"dy*lous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Isospondyli; having the anterior vertebræ separate and normal.

ISOSPORE I"so*spore, n. (Biol.) (a) One of the spores produced by an isosporous organism. (b) A zygospore.

ISOSPORIC
I`so*spor"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns and Equiseta. Cf.
Heterosporic.

ISOSPOROUS
I*sos"po*rous, a. [Iso- + Gr. fruit.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing but one kind of spore, as the ferns.

ISOSTASY
I*sos"ta*sy, n. [See Iso-; Stasis.]

Defn: The state or quality of being isostatic. Specif. (Geol.),

Defn: general equilibrium in the earth's crust, supposed to be maintained by the yielding or flow of rock material beneath the surface under gravitative stress. By the theory of isostasy each unit column of the earth, from surface to center, has approximately the same weight, and the continents stand higher than the ocean beds chiefly because the material of the crust has there less density.

ISOSTATIC
I`so*stat"ic, a. [Iso- + static.] (Physics & Geol.)

Defn: Subjected to equal pressure from every side; being in hydrostatic equilibrium, as a body submerged in a liquid at rest; pertaining to, or characterized by, isostasy.

ISOSTEMONOUS
I`so*stem"o*nous, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Having exactly as many stamens as petals.

ISOSTEMONY
I`so*stem"o*ny, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The quality or state of being isostemonous.

ISOSULPHOCYANATE
I`so*sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of isosulphocyanic acid.

ISOSULPHOCYANIC
I`so*sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, HNCS, isomeric with sulphocyanic acid.

ISOTHERAL
I*soth"er*al, a.

Defn: Having the nature of an isothere; indicating the distribution of temperature by means of an isothere; as, an isotheral chart or line.

ISOTHERE
I"so*there, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting points on the earth's surface having the same mean summer temperature.

ISOTHERM
I"so*therm, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog.)

Defn: A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface having the same temperature. This may be the temperature for a given time of observation, or the mean temperature for a year or other period. Also, a similar line based on the distribution of temperature in the ocean.

ISOTHERMAL I`so*ther"mal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. isotherme.] (a) Relating to equality of temperature. (b) (Phys. Geog.) Having reference to the geographical distribution of temperature, as exhibited by means of isotherms; as, an isothermal line; an isothermal chart. Isothermal line. (a) An isotherm. (b) A line drawn on a diagram of energy such that its ordinates represent the pressures of a substance corresponding to various volumes, while the absolute temperature is maintained at a constant value. — Isothermal zones, spaces on opposite sides of the equator having the same mean temperature, and bounded by corresponding isothermal lines.

ISOTHERMOBATH
I`so*ther"mo*bath, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Phys. Geog)

Defn: A line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.

ISOTHERMOBATHIC
I`so*ther`mo*bath"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an isothermobath; possessing or indicating equal temperatures in a vertical section, as of the ocean.

ISOTHEROMBROSE I*soth`er*om"brose, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. qe`ros summer + 'o`mbros rain.] (Phys. Geog)

Defn: A line connecting or marking points on the earth's surface, which have the same mean summer rainfall.

ISOTONIC
I`so*ton"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + tonic.]

Defn: Having or indicating, equal tones, or tension. Isotonic system (Mus.), a system consisting of intervals, in which each concord is alike tempered, and in which there are twelve equal semitones.

ISOTRIMORPHIC
I`so*tri*mor"phic, a.

Defn: Isotrimorphous.

ISOTRIMORPHISM
I`so*tri*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Iso- + Gr.

Defn: Isomorphism between the three forms, severally, of two trimorphous substances.

ISOTRIMORPHOUS
I`so*tri*mor"phous, a.

Defn: Having the quality of isotrimorphism; isotrimorphic.

ISOTROPIC
I`so*trop"ic, a. Etym: [Iso- + Gr. (Physics)

Defn: Having the same properties in all directions; specifically, equally elastic in all directions.

ISOTROPISM
I*sot"ro*pism, n.

Defn: Isotropy.

ISOTROPOUS
I*sot"ro*pous, a.

Defn: Isotropic.

ISOTROPY
I*sot"ro*py, n. (Physics)

Defn: Uniformity of physical properties in all directions in a body; absence of all kinds of polarity; specifically, equal elasticity in all directions.

ISOURIC
I`so*u"ric, a. Etym: [Iso- + uric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid, isomeric with uric acid.

ISRAELITE
Is"ra*el*ite, n. Etym: [L. Israëlites, Gr. Yisra, i. e., champion of
God; sarah to fight + God.]

Defn: A descendant of Israel, or Jacob; a Hebrew; a Jew.

ISRAELITIC; ISRAELITISH
Is`ra*el*it"ic, Is"ra*el*i`tish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Israel, or to the Israelites; Jewish;
Hebrew.

ISSUABLE
Is"su*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Issue.]

1. Leading to, producing, or relating to, an issue; capable of being made an issue at law. Burrill.

2. Lawful or suitable to be issued; as, a writ issuable on these grounds. Issuable plea (Law), a plea to the merits, on which the adverse party may take issue and proceed to trial.

ISSUABLY
Is"su*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In an issuable manner; by way of issue; as, to plead issuably.

ISSUANCE
Is"su*ance, n.

Defn: The act of issuing, or giving out; as, the issuance of an order; the issuance of rations, and the like.

ISSUANT
Is"su*ant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Issuing or coming up; — a term used to express a charge or bearing rising or coming out of another.

ISSUE
Is"sue, n. Etym: [OF. issue, eissue, F. issue, fr. OF. issir, eissir,
to go out, L. exire; ex out of, from + ire to go, akin to Gr. i.,
Goth. iddja went, used as prefect of gaggan to go. Cf. Ambition,
Count a nobleman, Commence, Errant, Exit, Eyre, Initial, Yede went.]

1. The act of passing or flowing out; a moving out from any inclosed place; egress; as, the issue of water from a pipe, of blood from a wound, of air from a bellows, of people from a house.

2. The act of sending out, or causing to go forth; delivery; issuance; as, the issue of an order from a commanding officer; the issue of money from a treasury.

3. That which passes, flows, or is sent out; the whole quantity sent forth or emitted at one time; as, an issue of bank notes; the daily issue of a newspaper.

4. Progeny; a child or children; offspring. In law, sometimes, in a general sense, all persons descended from a common ancestor; all lineal descendants. If the king Should without issue die. Shak.

5. Produce of the earth, or profits of land, tenements, or other property; as, A conveyed to B all his right for a term of years, with all the issues, rents, and profits.

6. A discharge of flux, as of blood. Matt. ix. 20.

7. (Med.)

Defn: An artificial ulcer, usually made in the fleshy part of the arm or leg, to produce the secretion and discharge of pus for the relief of some affected part.

8. The final outcome or result; upshot; conclusion; event; hence,
contest; test; trial.
Come forth to view The issue of the exploit. Shak.
While it is hot, I 'll put it to the issue. Shak.

9. A point in debate or controversy on which the parties take affirmative and negative positions; a presentation of alternatives between which to choose or decide.

10. (Law)

Defn: In pleading, a single material point of law or fact depending in the suit, which, being affirmed on the one side and denied on the other, is presented for determination. See General issue, under General, and Feigned issue, under Feigned. Blount. Cowell. At issue, in controversy; disputed; opposing or contesting; hence, at variance; disagreeing; inconsistent. As much at issue with the summer day As if you brought a candle out of doors. Mrs. Browning. — Bank of issue, Collateral issue, etc. See under Bank, Collateral, etc. — Issue pea, a pea, or a similar round body, used to maintain irritation in a wound, and promote the secretion and discharge of pus. — To join, or take, issue, to take opposing sides in a matter in controversy.

ISSUE
Is"sue, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Issued; p. pr. & vb. n. Issuing.]

1. To pass or flow out; to run out, as from any inclosed place. From it issued forced drops of blood. Shak.

2. To go out; to rush out; to sally forth; as, troops issued from the town, and attacked the besiegers.

3. To proceed, as from a source; as, water issues from springs; light issues from the sun.

4. To proceed, as progeny; to be derived; to be descended; to spring. Of thy sons that shall issue from thee. 2 Kings xx. 18.

5. To extend; to pass or open; as, the path issues into the highway.

6. To be produced as an effect or result; to grow or accrue; to arise; to proceed; as, rents and profits issuing from land, tenements, or a capital stock.

7. To close; to end; to terminate; to turn out; as, we know not how the cause will issue.

8. (Law)

Defn: In pleading, to come to a point in fact or law, on which the parties join issue.

ISSUE
Is"sue, v. t.

1. To send out; to put into circulation; as, to issue notes from a bank.

2. To deliver for use; as, to issue provisions.

3. To send out officially; to deliver by authority; as, to issue an order; to issue a writ.

ISSUELESS
Is"sue*less, a.

Defn: Having no issue or progeny; childless. "The heavens . . . have left me issueless." Shak.

ISSUER
Is"su*er, n.

Defn: One who issues, emits, or publishes.

-IST -ist. Etym: [Gr. iste.]

Defn: A noun suffix denoting an agent, or doer, one who practices, a believer in; as, theorist, one who theorizes; socialist, one who holds to socialism; sensualist, one given to sensuality.

IS'T
Is't.

Defn: A contraction of is it.

ISTHMIAN
Isth"mi*an, a. Etym: [L. Isthmius, Gr. Isthmus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an isthmus, especially to the Isthmus of Corinth, in Greece. Isthmian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of Greece, celebrated on the Isthmus of Corinth in the spring of every alternate year. They consisted of all kinds of athletic sports, wrestling, boxing, racing on foot and in chariots, and also contests in music and poetry. The prize was a garland of pine leaves.

ISTHMUS Isth"mus, n.; pl. Isthmuses. Etym: [L. isthmus, Gr. 'isqmo`s a neck, a neck of land between two seas, an isthmus, especially the Isthmus of Corinth; prob. from the root of 'ie`nai to go; cf. Icel. eiedh isthmus. See Issue.] (Geog.)

Defn: A neck or narrow slip of land by which two continents are
connected, or by which a peninsula is united to the mainland; as, the
Isthmus of Panama; the Isthmus of Suez, etc. Isthmus of the fauces.
(Anat.) See Fauces.

ISTLE
Is"tle, n.

Defn: Same as Ixtle.

ISURET
I*su"ret, n. Etym: [Iso- + urea.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial nitrogenous base, isomeric with urea, and forming a white crystalline substance; — called also isuretine.

IT
It, pron. Etym: [OE. it, hit, AS. hit; cf. D. het. sq. root181. See
He.]

Defn: The neuter pronoun of the third person, corresponding to the masculine pronoun he and the feminine she, and having the same plural (they, their of theirs, them).

Note: The possessive form its is modern, being rarely found in the writings of Shakespeare and Milton, and not at all in the original King James's version of the Bible. During the transition from the regular his to the anomalous its, it was to some extent employed in the possessive without the case ending. See His, and He. In Dryden's time its had become quite established as the regular form. The day present hath ever inough to do with it owne grief. Genevan Test. Do, child, go to it grandam, child. Shak. It knighthood shall do worse. It shall fright all it friends with borrowing letters. B. Jonson.

Note: In the course of time, the nature of the neuter sign i in it, the form being found in but a few words, became misunderstood. Instead of being looked upon as an affix, it passed for part of the original word. Hence was formed from it the anomalous genitive it, superseding the Saxon his. Latham. The fruit tree yielding fruit after his (its) kind. Gen. i. 11. It is used, —

1. As a substance for any noun of the neuter gender; as, here is the book, take it home.

2. As a demonstrative, especially at the beginning of a sentence, pointing to that which is about to be stated, named, or mentioned, or referring to that which apparent or well known; as, I saw it was John. It is I; be not afraid. Matt. xiv. 27. Peter heard that it was the Lord. John xxi. 7. Often, in such cases, as a substitute for a sentence or clause; as, it is thought he will come; it is wrong to do this.

3. As an indefinite nominative for a impersonal verb; as, it snows; it rains.

4. As a substitute for such general terms as, the state of affairs, the condition of things, and the like; as, how is it with the sick man Think on me when it shall be well with thee. Gen. xl. 14.

5. As an indefinite object after some intransitive verbs, or after a substantive used humorously as a verb; as, to foot it (i. e., to walk). The Lacedemonians, at the Straits of Thermopylæ, when their arms failed them, fought it out with nails and teeth. Dryden. Whether the charmer sinner it, or saint it, If folly grows romantic, I must paint it. Pope. Its self. See Itself.

ITACISM
I"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. itacisme. See Etacism, and cf. Iotacism.]
(Greek Gram.)

Defn: Pronunciation of e in the English word be. This was the pronunciation advocated by ReuEtacism. In all such questions between a the confusing element of itacism comes in. Alford.

ITACIST
I"ta*cist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. itaciste.]

Defn: One who is in favor of itacism.

ITACOLUMITE
It`a*col"u*mite, n. Etym: [From Itacolumi, a mountain of Brazil.]
(Min.)

Defn: A laminated, granular, siliceous rocks, often occurring in regions where the diamond is found.

ITACONIC It`a*con"ic, a. Etym: [From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, C5H6O4, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids.

ITALA
It"a*la, n. Etym: [Fem. of L. Italus Italian.]

Defn: An early Latin version of the Scriptures (the Old Testament was translated from the Septuagint, and was also called the Italic version).

ITALIAN
I*tal"ian, a. Etym: [Cf. F. italien, It. italiano. Cf. Italic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Italy, or to its people or language.
Italian cloth a light material of cotton and worsted; — called also
farmer's satin.
— Italian iron, a heater for fluting frills.
— Italian juice, Calabrian liquorice.

ITALIAN
I*tal"ian, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Italy.

2. The language used in Italy, or by the Italians.

ITALIANATE
I*tal"ian*ate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. It. italianare.]

Defn: To render Italian, or conformable to Italian customs; to
Italianize. [R.] Ascham.

ITALIANATE
I*tal"ian*ate, a.

Defn: Italianized; Italianated. "Apish, childish, and Italianate."
Marlowe.

ITALIANISM
I*tal"ian*ism, n.

1. A word, phrase, or idiom, peculiar to the Italians; an Italicism.

2. Attachment to, or sympathy for, Italy.

ITALIANIZE
I*tal"ian*ize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Italianized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Italianizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. italianiser, It. italianizzare.]

1. To play the Italian; to speak Italian. Cotgrave.

2. To render Italian in any respect; to Italianate. "An Englishman Italianized." Lowell.

ITALIC
I*tal"ic, a. Etym: [L. Italicus: cf. F. italique. Cf. Italian.]

1. Relating to Italy or to its people.

2. Applied especially to a kind of type in which the letters do not stand upright, but slope toward the right; — so called because dedicated to the States of Italy by the inventor, Aldus Manutius, about the year 1500. Italic languages, the group or family of languages of ancient Italy. — Italic order (Arch.), the composite order. See Composite. — Italic school, a term given to the Pythagorean and Eleatic philosophers, from the country where their doctrines were first promulgated. — Italic version. See Itala.

ITALIC
I*tal"ic, n.; pl. Italics (. (Print.)

Defn: An Italic letter, character, or type (see Italic, a., 2.); — often in the plural; as, the Italics are the author's. Italic letters are used to distinguish words for emphasis, importance, antithesis, etc. Also, collectively, Italic letters.

ITALICISM
I*tal"i*cism, n.

1. A phrase or idiom peculiar to the Italian language; to Italianism.

2. The use of Italics.

ITALICIZE
I*tal"i*cize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Italicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Italicizing.]

Defn: To print in Italic characters; to underline written letters or words with a single line; as, to Italicize a word; Italicizes too much.

ITA PALM
I"ta palm`. (Bot.)

Defn: A magnificent species of palm (Mauritia flexuosa), growing near the Orinoco. The natives eat its fruit and buds, drink its sap, and make thread and cord from its fiber.

ITCH
Itch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itched; p. pr. & vb. n. Itching.] Etym:
[OE. icchen, , AS. giccan; akin to D. jeuken, joken, G. jucken, OHG.
jucchen.]

1. To have an uneasy sensation in the skin, which inclines the person to scratch the part affected. My mouth hath itched all this long day. Chaucer.

2. To have a constant desire or teasing uneasiness; to long for; as, itching ears. "An itching palm." Shak.

ITCH
Itch, n.

1. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of small, isolated, acuminated vesicles, produced by the entrance of a parasitic mite (the Sarcoptes scabei), and attended with itching. It is transmissible by contact.

2. Any itching eruption.

3. A sensation in the skin occasioned (or resembling that occasioned) by the itch eruption; — called also scabies, psora, etc.

4. A constant irritating desire. An itch of being thought a divine king. Dryden. Baker's itch. See under Baker. — Barber's itch, sycosis. — Bricklayer's itch, an eczema of the hands attended with much itching, occurring among bricklayers. — Grocer's itch, an itching eruption, being a variety of eczema, produced by the sugar mite (Tyrogluphus sacchari). — Itch insect (Zoöl.), a small parasitic mite (Sarcoptes scabei) which burrows and breeds beneath the human skin, thus causing the disease known as the itch. See Illust. in Append. — Itch mite. (Zoöl.) Same as Itch insect, above. Also, other similar mites affecting the lower animals, as the horse and ox. — Sugar baker's itch, a variety of eczema, due to the action of sugar upon the skin. — Washerwoman's itch, eczema of the hands and arms, occurring among washerwomen.

ITCHINESS
Itch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being itchy.

ITCHLESS
Itch"less, a.

Defn: Free from itching.

ITCHY
Itch"y, a.

Defn: Infected with the itch, or with an itching sensation. Cowper.

-ITE -ite. Etym: [From Gr.

1. A suffix denoting one of a party, a sympathizer with or adherent of, and the like, and frequently used in ridicule; as, a Millerite; a Benthamite.

2. A suffix used in naming minerals; as, chlorite, from its characteristic green color; barite, from its heaviness; graphite, from its use in writing.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A suffix used to denote the salts formed from those acids whose names end in -ous; as, sulphite, from sulphurous; nitrite, from nitrous acid, etc.

ITEM
I"tem, adv. Etym: [L. See Iterate.]

Defn: Also; as an additional article.

ITEM
I"tem, n. Etym: [From Item, adv.]

1. An article; a separate particular in an account; as, the items in a bill.

2. A hint; an innuendo. [Obs.] A secret item was given to some of the bishops . . . to absent themselves. Fuller.

3. A short article in a newspaper; a paragraph; as, an item concerning the weather.

ITEM
I"tem, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Itemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Iteming.]

Defn: To make a note or memorandum of.
I have itemed it in my memory. Addison.

ITEMIZE
I"tem*ize, v. t.

Defn: To state in items, or by particulars; as, to itemize the cost of a railroad. [Local, U. S.]

ITER
I"ter, n. Etym: [L. See Eyre.] (Anat.)

Defn: A passage; esp., the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the aqueduct of Sylvius.

ITERABLE
It"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. iterabilis. See Iterate.]

Defn: Capable of being iterated or repeated. [Obs.]

ITERANCE
It"er*ance, n.

Defn: Iteration. [Obs.]

ITERANT
It"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. iterans, p. pr. of iterare.]

Defn: Repeating; iterating; as, an iterant echo. Bacon.

ITERATE It"er*ate, a. Etym: [L. iteratus, p. p. of iterare to repeat, fr. iterum again, prop. a compar. from the stem of is he, that; cf. L. ita so, item likewise, also, Skr. itara other, iti thus. Cf. Identity, Item.]

Defn: Uttered or done again; repeated. [Obs.] Bp. Gardiner.

ITERATE
It"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Iterated; p. pr. & vb. n. Iterating.]

Defn: To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat; as, to
iterate advice.
Nor Eve to iterate Her former trespass feared. Milton.

ITERATE
It"er*ate, adv.

Defn: By way of iteration.

ITERATION
It`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. iteratio.]

Defn: Recital or performance a second time; repetition. Bacon.
What needs this iteration, woman Shak.

ITERATIVE
It"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. iterativus: cf. F. itératif.]

Defn: Repeating. Cotgrave.
— It"er*a*tive*ly, adv.

ITHYPHALLIC Ith`y*phal"lic, a. Etym: [L. ithyphallicus, fr. ithyphallus, Gr. membrum virile erectum, or a figure thereof carried in the festivals of Bacchus.]

Defn: Lustful; lewd; salacious; indecent; obscene.

ITINERACY
I*tin"er*a*cy, n.

Defn: The act or practice of itinerating; itinerancy.

ITINERANCY
I*tin"er*an*cy, n. Etym: [See Itinerant.]

1. A passing from place to place. Dr. H. More.

2. A discharge of official duty involving frequent change of residence; the custom or practice of discharging official duty in this way; also, a body of persons who thus discharge official duty.

ITINERANT
I*tin"er*ant, a. Etym: [LL. itinerans, -antis, p. pr. of itinerare to
make a journey, fr. L. iter, itineris, a walk, way, journey. See
Errant, Issue.]

Defn: Passing or traveling about a country; going or preaching on a circuit; wandering; not settled; as, an itinerant preacher; an itinerant peddler. The king's own courts were then itinerant, being kept in the king's palace, and removing with his household in those royal progresses which he continually made. Blackstone.

ITINERANT
I*tin"er*ant, a.

Defn: One who travels from place to place, particularly a preacher;
one who is unsettled.
Glad to turn itinerant, To stroll and teach from town to town.
Hudibras.

ITINERANTLY
I*tin"er*ant*ly, adv.

Defn: In an itinerant manner.

ITINERARY
I*tin"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. itinerarius: cf. F. itinéraire. See
Itinerant.]

Defn: Itinerant; traveling; passing from place to place; done on a
journey.
It was rather an itinerary circuit of justice than a progress. Bacon.

ITINERARY I*tin"er*a*ry, n.; pl. Itineraries. Etym: [L. itinerarium: cf. F. itinéraire. See Itinerary, a.]

Defn: An account of travels, or a register of places and distances as a guide to travelers; as, the Itinerary of Antoninus.

ITINERATE
I*tin"er*ate. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Itinerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Itinerating.] Etym: [LL. itineratus, p. p. of itinerari, itinerare.
See Itinerant.]

Defn: To wander without a settled habitation; to travel from place or on a circuit, particularly for the purpose of preaching, lecturing, etc.

-ITIS -i"tis, Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A suffix used in medical terms to denote an inflammatory disease of; as, arthritis; bronchitis, phrenitis.

ITS
Its.

Defn: Possessive form of the pronoun it. See It.

ITSELF
It*self", pron.

Defn: The neuter reciprocal pronoun of It; as, the thing is good in itself; it stands by itself. Borrowing of foreigners, in itself, makes not the kingdom rich or poor. Locke.

ITTRIA
It"tri*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Yttria.

ITTRIUM
It"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Yttrium.

ITZIBU
It"zi*bu, n. Etym: [Jap. ichibu.] (Numis.)

Defn: A silver coin of Japan, worth about thirty-four cents. [Written also itzebu, ichebu, itcheboo, etc.]

IULIDAN
I*u"li*dan, n. Etym: [See Iulus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Iulidæ, a family of myriapods, of which the genus
Iulus is the type. See Iulus.

IULUS
I*u"lus, n. Etym: [L., down, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of chilognathous myriapods. The body is long and round, consisting of numerous smooth, equal segments, each of which bears two pairs of short legs. It includes the galleyworms. See Chilognatha.

IVAN IVANOVITCH
I*van" I*van"o*vitch

Defn: . An ideal personification of the typical Russian or of the
Russian people; — used as "John Bull" is used for the typical
Englishman.

I'VE
I've

Defn: . Colloquial contraction of I have.

-IVE -ive. Etym: [L. -ivus.]

Defn: An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to; as affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.

IVIED
I"vied, a. Etym: [From Ivy.]

Defn: Overgrown with ivy.

IVORIDE
I"vo*ride, n.

Defn: A composition resembling ivory in appearance and used as a substitute for it.

IVORY
I"vo*ry, n.; pl. Ivories. Etym: [OE. ivori, F. ivoire, fr. L. eboreus
made of ivory, fr. ebur, eboris, ivory, cf. Skr. ibha elephant. Cf.
Eburnean.]

1. The hard, white, opaque, fine-grained substance constituting the tusks of the elephant. It is a variety of dentine, characterized by the minuteness and close arrangement of the tubes, as also by their double flexure. It is used in manufacturing articles of ornament or utility.

Note: Ivory is the name commercially given not only to the substance constituting the tusks of the elephant, but also to that of the tusks of the hippopotamus and walrus, the hornlike tusk of the narwhal, etc.

2. The tusks themselves of the elephant, etc.

3. Any carving executed in ivory. Mollett.

4. pl.

Defn: Teeth; as, to show one's ivories. [Slang] Ivory black. See under Black, n. — Ivory gull (Zoöl.), a white Arctic gull (Larus eburneus). — Ivory nut (Bot.), the nut of a species of palm, the Phytephas macroarpa, often as large as a hen's egg. When young the seed contains a fluid, which gradually hardness into a whitish, close- grained, albuminous substance, resembling the finest ivory in texture and color, whence it is called vegetable ivory. It is wrought into various articles, as buttons, chessmen, etc. The palm is found in New Grenada. A smaller kind is the fruit of the Phytephas microarpa. The nuts are known in commerce as Corosso nuts. — Ivory palm (Bot.), the palm tree which produces ivory nuts. — Ivory shell (Zoöl.), any species of Eburna, a genus of marine gastropod shells, having a smooth surface, usually white with red or brown spots. — Vegetable ivory, the meat of the ivory nut. See Ivory nut (above).

IVORY-BILL
I"vo*ry-bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome, North American woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), having a large, sharp, ivory-colored beak. Its general color is glossy black, with white secondaries, and a white dorsal stripe. The male has a large, scarlet crest. It is now rare, and found only in the Gulf States.

IVORYTYPE
I"vo*ry*type`, n. (photog.)

Defn: A picture produced by superposing a very light print, rendered translucent by varnish, and tinted upon the back, upon a stronger print, so as to give the effect of a photograph in natural colors; — called also hellenotype. Knight.

IVY I"vy, n.; pl. Ivies. Etym: [AS. ifig; akin to OHG. ebawi, ebah, G. epheu.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Hedera (H. helix), common in Europe. Its
leaves are evergreen, dark, smooth, shining, and mostly five-pointed;
the flowers yellowish and small; the berries black or yellow. The
stem clings to walls and trees by rootlike fibers.
Direct The clasping ivy where to climb. Milton.
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere. Milton.
American ivy. (Bot.) See Virginia creeper.
— English ivy (Bot.), a popular name in America for the ivy proper
(Hedera helix).
— German ivy (Bot.), a creeping plant, with smooth, succulent
stems, and fleshy, light-green leaves; a species of Senecio (S.
scandens).
— Ground ivy. (Bot.) Gill (Nepeta Glechoma).
— Ivy bush. (Bot.) See Mountain laurel, under Mountain.
— Ivy owl (Zoöl.), the barn owl.
— Ivy tod (Bot.), the ivy plant. Tennyson.
— Japanese ivy (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ampelopsis tricuspidata),
closely related to the Virginia creeper.
— Poison ivy (Bot.), an American woody creeper (Rhus
Toxicodendron), with trifoliate leaves, and greenish-white berries.
It is exceedingly poisonous to the touch for most persons.
— To pipe in an ivy leaf, to console one's self as best one can.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
— West Indian ivy, a climbing plant of the genus Marcgravia.

IVY-MANTLED
I"vy-man`tled, a.

Defn: Covered with ivy.

IWIS
I*wis", adv.

Defn: Indeed; truly. See Ywis. [Written also iwys, iwisse, etc.]
[Obs.] Ascham.

I. W. W.
I. W. W. (Abbrev.)

Defn: Industrial Workers of the World (the name of two American labor organizations, one of which advocates syndicalism).

IXIA
Ix"i*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A South African bulbous plant of the Iris family, remarkable for the brilliancy of its flowers.

IXODES
Ix*o"des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of parasitic Acarina, which includes various species of ticks. See Tick, the insect.

IXODIAN
Ix*o"di*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tick of the genus Ixodes, or the family Ixodidæ.

IXTLE; IXTLI
Ix"tle, Ix"tli, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican name for a variety of Agave rigida, which furnishes a strong coarse fiber; also, the fiber itself, which is called also pita, and Tampico fiber. [Written also istle.]

IXTLE; IXTIL
Ix"tle Ix"til, n.

Defn: The fine, soft fiber of the bromeliaceous plant Bromelia sylvestris.

IZARD
Iz"ard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the chamois found in the Pyrenees.

-IZE -ize. Etym: [F. -iser, L. -izare, Gr.

Defn: A verb suffix signifying to make, to do, to practice; as apologize, baptize, theorize, tyrannize.

Note: In the case of certain words the spelling with -ise (after analogy with F. -iser) is the usual form; as, catechise, criticise. With regard to most words, however, which have this suffix there is a diversity of usage, some authorities spelling -ise, others (as in this book) -ize.

IZEDI
Iz"e*di, n.

Defn: One of an Oriental religious sect which worships Satan or the Devil. The Izedis or Yezdis, the so-called Devil worshipers, still remain a numerous though oppressed people in Mesopotamia and adjacent countries. Tylor.

IZEDISM
Iz"e*dism, n.

Defn: The religion of the Izedis.

IZZARD
Iz"zard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Izard.

IZZARD
Iz"zard, n. Etym: [Formerly ezed, prob. fr. F. et zÉde and z.]

Defn: The letter z; — formerly so called.