← Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Volume 4
Chapter 3
G (part 3)
3. One who runs house to house, tattling and telling news; an idle tattler. The common chat of gossips when they meet. Dryden.
4. The tattle of a gossip; groundless rumor. Bubbles o'er like a city with gossip, scandal, and spite. Tennyson.
GOSSIP
Gos"sip, v. t.
Defn: To stand sponsor to. [Obs.] Shak.
GOSSIP
Gos"sip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gossiped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gossiping.]
1. To make merry. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To prate; to chat; to talk much. Shak.
3. To run about and tattle; to tell idle tales.
GOSSIPER
Gos"sip*er, n.
Defn: One given to gossip. Beaconsfield.
GOSSIPREDE
Gos"sip*rede, n. Etym: [Cf. Kindred.]
Defn: The relationship between a person and his sponsors. [Obs.]
GOSSIPRY
Gos"sip*ry, n.
1. Spiritual relationship or affinity; gossiprede; special intimacy. Bale.
2. Idle talk; gossip. Mrs. Browning.
GOSSIPY
Gos"sip*y, a.
Defn: Full of, or given to, gossip.
GOSSOON Gos*soon", n. Etym: [Scot. garson an attendant, fr. F. garçon, OF. gars.]
Defn: A boy; a servant. [Ireland]
GOSSYPIUM
Gos*syp"i*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gossypion, gossipion.] (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of plants which yield the cotton of the arts. The species are much confused. G. herbaceum is the name given to the common cotton plant, while the long-stapled sea-island cotton is produced by G. Barbadense, a shrubby variety. There are several other kinds besides these.
GOT
Got,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Get. See Get.
GOTE Gote, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. gote, gaute, canal, G. gosse; akin to giessen to pour, shed, AS. geótan, and E. fuse to melt.]
Defn: A channel for water. [Prov. Eng.] Crose.
GOTER
Go"ter, n.
Defn: a gutter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GOTH
Goth, n. Etym: [L. Gothi, pl.; cf. Gr.
1. (Ethnol.)
Defn: One of an ancient Teutonic race, who dwelt between the Elbe and the Vistula in the early part of the Christian era, and who overran and took an important part in subverting the Roman empire.
Note: Under the reign of Valens, they took possession of Dacia (the modern Transylvania and the adjoining regions), and came to be known as Ostrogoths and Visigoths, or East and West Goths; the former inhabiting countries on the Black Sea up to the Danube, and the latter on this river generally. Some of them took possession of the province of Moesia, and hence were called Moesogoths. Others, who made their way to Scandinavia, at a time unknown to history, are sometimes styled Suiogoths.
2. One who is rude or uncivilized; a barbarian; a rude, ignorant person. Chesterfield.
GOTHAMIST
Go"tham*ist, n.
Defn: A wiseacre; a person deficient in wisdom; — so called from Gotham, in Nottinghamshire, England, noted for some pleasant blunders. Bp. Morton.
GOTHAMITE
Go"tham*ite, n.
1. A gothamist.
2. An inhabitant of New York city. [Jocular] Irving.
GOTHIC
Goth"ic, a. Etym: [L. Gothicus: cf. F. gothique.]
1. Pertaining to the Goths; as, Gothic customs; also, rude; barbarous.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to a style of architecture with pointed arches, steep roofs, windows large in proportion to the wall spaces, and, generally, great height in proportion to the other dimensions — prevalent in Western Europe from about 1200 to 1475 a. d. See Illust. of Abacus, and Capital.
GOTHIC
Goth"ic, n.
1. The language of the Goths; especially, the language of that part of the Visigoths who settled in Moesia in the 4th century. See Goth.
Note: Bishop Ulfilas or Walfila translated most of the Bible into Gothic about the Middle of the 4th century. The portion of this translaton which is preserved is the oldest known literary document in any Teutonic language.
2. A kind of square-cut type, with no hair lines.
Note: This is Nonpareil GOTHIC.
3. (Arch.)
Defn: The style described in Gothic, a., 2.
GOTHICISM
Goth"i*cism, n.
1. A Gothic idiom.
2. Conformity to the Gothic style of architecture.
3. Rudeness of manners; barbarousness.
GOTHICIZE
Goth"i*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gothicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gothicizing.]
Defn: To make Gothic; to bring back to barbarism.
GOTHITE; GOETHITE
Gö"thite, or Goe"thite (, n. Etym: [After the poet Göthe.] (Min.)
Defn: A hydrous oxide of iron, occurring in prismatic crystals, also massive, with a fibrous, reniform, or stalactitic structure. The color varies from yellowish to blackish brown.
GOTTEN
Got"ten,
Defn: p. p. of Get.
GOUACHE
Gouache, n. Etym: [F., It. guazzo.]
Defn: A method of painting with opaque colors, which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum; also, a picture thus painted.
GOUD Goud, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. gaide, F. guède, fr. OHG. weit; or cf. F. gaude weld. Cf. Woad.]
Defn: Woad. [Obs.]
GOUDRON
Gou`dron", n. Etym: [F., tar.] (Mil.)
Defn: a small fascine or fagot, steeped in wax, pitch, and glue, used in various ways, as for igniting buildings or works, or to light ditches and ramparts. Farrow.
GOUGE Gouge, n. Etym: [F. gouge. LL. gubia, guvia, gulbia, gulvia, gulvium; cf. Bisc. gubia bow, gubioa throat.]
1. A chisel, with a hollow or semicylindrical blade, for scooping or cutting holes, channels, or grooves, in wood, stone, etc.; a similar instrument, with curved edge, for turning wood.
2. A bookbinder's tool for blind tooling or gilding, having a face which forms a curve.
3. An incising tool which cuts forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, etc.. from leather, paper, etc. Knight.
4. (Mining)
Defn: Soft material lying between the wall of a vein aud the solid vein. Raymond.
5. The act of scooping out with a gouge, or as with a gouge; a groove or cavity scooped out, as with a gouge.
6. Imposition; cheat; fraud; also, an impostor; a cheat; a trickish person. [Slang, U. S.] Gouge bit, a boring bit, shaped like a gouge.
GOUGE
Gouge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gouged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gouging.]
1. To scoop out with a gouge.
2. To scoop out, as an eye, with the thumb nail; to force out the eye of (a person) with the thumb. [K S.]
Note: A barbarity mentioned by some travelers as formerly practiced in the brutal frays of desperadoes in some parts of the United States.
3. To cheat in a bargain; to chouse. [Slang, U. S.]
GOUGER
Gou"ger, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Plum Gouger.
GOUGESHELL
Gouge"shell`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A sharp-edged, tubular, marine shell, of the genus Vermetus; also, the pinna. See Vermetus.
GOUJERE Gou"jere, n. Etym: [F. gouge prostitute, a camp trull. Cf. Good- year.]
Defn: The venereal disease. [Obs.]
GOULAND
Gou"land, n.
Defn: See Golding.
GOULARDS EXTRACT
Gou*lard"s" ex"tract". Etym: [Named after the introducer, Thomas
Goulard, a French surgeon.] (Med.)
Defn: An aqueous solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a lotion in cases of inflammation. Goulard's cerate is a cerate containing this extract.
GOUR
Gour, n. Etym: [See Giaour.]
1. A fire worshiper; a Gheber or Gueber. Tylor.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Koulan.
GOURA
Gou"ra, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of large, crested ground pigeons of the genus Goura, inhabiting New Guinea and adjacent islands. The Queen Victoria pigeon (Goura Victoria) and the crowned pigeon (G. coronata) are among the beat known species.
GOURAMI
Gou"ra*mi, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A very largo East Indian freshwater fish (Osphromenus gorami), extensively reared in artificial ponds in tropical countries, and highly valued as a food fish. Many unsuccessful efforts have been made to introduce it into Southern Europe. [Written also goramy.]
GOURD Gourd, n. Etym: [F. gourde, OF. cougourde, gouhourde, fr. L. cucurbita gourd (cf. NPr. cougourdo); perh. akin to corbin basket, E. corb. Cf. Cucurbite.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A fleshy, three-celled, many-seeded fruit, as the melon, pumpkin, cucumber, etc., of the order Cucurbitaceæ; and especially the bottle gourd (Lagenaria vulgaris) which occurs in a great variety of forms, and, when the interior part is removed, serves for bottles, dippers, cups, and other dishes.
2. A dipper or other vessel made from the shell of a gourd; hence, a drinking vessel; a bottle. Chaucer. Bitter gourd, colocynth.
GOURD
Gourd, n.
Defn: A false die. See Gord.
GOURD; GOURDE
Gourd, Gourde n. Etym: [Sp. gordo large.]
Defn: A silver dollar; — so called in Cuba, Hayti, etc. Simmonds.
GOURDINESS
Gourd"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Gourdy.] (Far.)
Defn: The state of being gourdy.
GOURD TREE
Gourd" tree". (Bot.)
Defn: A tree (the Crescentia Cujete, or calabash tree) of the West
Indies and Central America.
GOURDWORM
Gourd"worm", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fluke of sheep. See Fluke.
GOURDY
Gourd"y, a. Etym: [Either fr. gourd, or fr. F. gourd benumbed.]
(Far.)
Defn: Swelled in the legs.
GOURMAND
Gour"mand, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A greedy or ravenous eater; a glutton. See Gormand.
That great gourmand, fat Apicius B. Jonson.
GOURMET
Gour"met", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A connoisseur in eating and drinking; an epicure.
GOURNET
Gour"net, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fish. See Gurnet.
GOUT Gout, n. Etym: [F. goutte a drop, the gout, the disease being considered as a defluxion, fr. L. gutta drop.]
1. A drop; a clot or coagulation. On thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood. Shak.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A constitutional disease, occurring by paroxysms. It constists in an inflammation of the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints, and almost always attacks first the great toe, next the smaller joints, after which, it may attack the greater articulations. It is attended with various sympathettic phenomena, particularly in the digestive organs. It may also attack internal organs, as the stomach, the intestines, etc. Dunglison.
3. A disease of cornstalks. See Corn fly, under Corn. Cout stones. See Chalkstone, n., 2.
GOUT
Goût, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. gustus taste. See Gusto.]
Defn: Taste; relish.
GOUTILY
Gout"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a gouty manner.
GOUTINESS
Gout"i*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being gouty; gout.
GOUTWEED; GOUTWORT Gout"weed` (, Gout"wort` n. Etym: [So called from having been formerly used in assuaging the pain of the gout.] (Bot.)
Defn: A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Ægopodium Podagraria); — called also bishop's weed, ashweed, and herb gerard.
GOUTY
Gout"y, a.
1. Diseased with, or subject to, the gout; as, a gouty person; a gouty joint.
2. Pertaining to the gout. "Gouty matter." Blackmore.
3. Swollen, as if from gout. Derham.
4. Boggy; as, gouty land. [Obs.] Spenser. Gouty bronchitis, bronchitis arising as a secondary disease during the progress of gout. — Gouty concretions, calculi (urate of sodium) formed in the joints, kidneys, etc., of sufferers from gout. — Gouty kidney, an affection occurring during the progress of gout, the kidney shriveling and containing concretions of urate of sodium.
GOVE
Gove, n. Etym: [Also goaf, goof, goff.]
Defn: A mow; a rick for hay. [Obs.] Tusser.
GOVERN
Gov"ern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Governed; p. pr. & vb. n. Governing.]
Etym: [OF. governer, F. gouverner, fr. L. gubernare to steer, pilot,
govern, Gr. Gubernatorial.]
1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men, either by established laws or by arbitrary will; to regulate by authority. "Fit to govern and rule multitudes." Shak.
2. To regulate; to influence; to direct; to restrain; to manage; as, to govern the life; to govern a horse. Govern well thy appetite. Milton.
3. (Gram.)
Defn: To require to be in a particular case; as, a transitive verb governs a noun in the objective case; or to require (a particular case); as, a transitive verb governs the objective case.
GOVERN
Gov"ern, v. i.
Defn: To exercise authority; to administer the laws; to have the control. Dryden.
GOVERNABILITY
Gov"ern*a*bil"i*ty, n.
Defn: Governableness.
GOVERNABLE
Gov"ern*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gouvernable.]
Defn: Capable of being governed, or subjected to authority; controllable; manageable; obedient. Locke.
GOVERNABLENESS
Gov"ern*a*ble*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being governable; manageableness.
GOVERNAL; GOVERNAIL
Gov"ern*al, Gov"ern*ail (, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gouvernail helm, rudder,
L. gubernaculum.]
Defn: Management; mastery. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.
GOVERNANCE
Gov"ern*ance, n. Etym: [F. gouvernance.]
Defn: Exercise of authority; control; government; arrangement.
Chaucer. J. H. Newman.
GOVERNANTE
Gov"ern*ante", n. Etym: [F. gouvernante. See Govern.]
Defn: A governess. Sir W. Scott.
GOVERNESS
Gov"ern*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. governeresse. See Governor.]
Defn: A female governor; a woman invested with authority to control and direct; especially, one intrusted with the care and instruction of children, — usually in their homes.
GOVERNING
Gov"ern*ing, a.
1. Holding the superiority; prevalent; controlling; as, a governing wind; a governing party in a state. Jay.
2. (Gram.)
Defn: Requiring a particular case.
GOVERNMENT
Gov"ern*ment, n. Etym: [F. gouvernement. See Govern.]
1. The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government.
2. The mode of governing; the system of polity in a state; the established form of law. That free government which we have so dearly purchased, free commonwealth. Milton.
3. The right or power of governing; authority. I here resign my goverment to thee. Shak.
4. The person or persons authorized to administer the laws; the ruling powe; the administratian. When we, in England, speak of the government, we generally understand the ministers of the crown for the time being. Mozley & W.
5. The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the governments of Europe.
6. Management of the limbs or body. Shak.
7. (Gram.)
Defn: The influence of a word in regard to construction, requiring that another word should be in a particular case.
GOVERNMENTAL
Gov"ern*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gouveernemental.]
Defn: Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental duties.
GOVERNOR
Gov"ern*or, n. Etym: [OE. governor, governour, OF. governeor, F.
gouverneur, fr. L. gubernator steersman, ruler, governor. See
Govern.]
1. One who governs; especially, one who is invested with the supreme executive authority in a State; a chief ruler or magistrate; as, the governor of Pennsylvania. "The governor of the town." Shak.
2. One who has the care or guardianship of a young man; a tutor; a guardian.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: A pilot; a steersman. [R.]
4. (Mach.)
Defn: A contrivance applied to steam engines, water wheels, and other machinery, to maintain nearly uniform speed when the resistances and motive force are variable.
Note: The illustration shows a form of governor commonly used for steam engines, in wich a heavy sleeve (a) sliding on a rapidly revolving spindle (b), driven by the engine, is raised or lowered, when the speed varies, by the changing centrifugal force of two balls (c c) to which it is connected by links (d d), the balls being attached to arms (e e) which are jointed to the top of the spindle. The sleeve is connected with the throttle valve or cut-off through a lever (f), and its motion produces a greater supply of steam when the engine runs too slowly and a less supply when too fast. Governor cut- off (Steam Engine), a variable cut-off gear in which the governor acts in such a way as to cause the steam to be cut off from entering the cylinder at points of the stroke dependent upon the engine's speed. — Hydraulic governor (Mach.), a governor which is operated by the action of a liquid in flowing; a cataract.
GOVERNOR GENERAL
Gov"ern*or gen"er*al.
Defn: A governor who has lieutenant or deputy governors under him; as, the governor general of Canada, of India.
GOVERNORSHIP
Gov"ern*or*ship, n.
Defn: The office of a governor.
GOWAN
Gow"an, n. Etym: [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.]
1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.] And pu'd the gowans fine. Burns.
2. (Min.)
Defn: Decomposed granite.
GOWANY
Gow"an*y, a.
Defn: Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.]
Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. Ramsay.
GOWD
Gowd, n. Etym: [Cf. Gold.]
Defn: Gold; wealth. [Scot.]
The man's the gowd for a' that. Burns.
GOWDEN
Gowd"en, a.
Defn: Golden. [Scot.]
GOWDIE
Gow"die, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Dragont. [Scot.]
GOWDNOOK
Gowd"nook", n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The saury pike; — called also gofnick.
GOWK
Gowk, v. t. Etym: [See Gawk.]
Defn: To make a, booby of one); to stupefy. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
GOWK
Gowk, n. Etym: [See Gawk.] (Zoöl.)
1. The European cuckoo; — called also gawky.
2. A simpleton; a gawk or gawky.
GOWL
Gowl, v. i. Etym: [OE. gaulen, goulen. Cf. Yawl, v. i.]
Defn: To howl. [Obs.] Wyclif.
GOWN Gown, n. Etym: [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. gùn; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.]
1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military. He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. Dryden.
(c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown.
2. Any sort of dress or garb. He comes . . . in the gown of humility. Shak.
GOWNED
Gowned, p. a.
Defn: Dressed in a gown; clad.
Gowned in pure white, that fitted to the shape. Tennyson.
GOWNSMAN; GOWNMAN
Gowns"man, Gown"man (, n.; pl. -men (-men).
Defn: One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine or lawyer, and particularly a member of an English university; hence, a civilian, in distinction from a soldier.
GOZZARD
Goz"zard, n.
Defn: See Gosherd. [Prov. Eng.]
GRAAFIAN
Graaf"i*an, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Pertaining to, or discovered by, Regnier de Graaf, a Dutch physician. Graafian follicles or vesicles, small cavities in which the ova are developed in the ovaries of mammals, and by the bursting of which they are discharged.
GRAAL
Graal, n.
Defn: See Grail., a dish.
GRAB
Grab, n. Etym: [Ar. & Hind. ghur crow, raven, a kind of Arab ship.]
(Naut.)
Defn: A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts.
GRAB
Grab, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbing.]
Etym: [Akin to Sw. grabba to grasp. Cf. Grabble, Grapple, Grasp.]
Defn: To gripe suddenly; to seize; to snatch; to clutch.
GRAB
Grab, n.
1. A sudden grasp or seizure.
2. An instrument for clutching objects for the purpose of raising them; — specially applied to devices for withdrawing drills, etc., from artesian and other wells that are drilled, bored, or driven. Grab hag, at fairs, a bag or box holding small articles which are to be drawn, without being seen, on payment of a small sum. [Colloq.] — Grab game, a theft committed by grabbing or snatching a purse or other piece of property. [Colloq.]
GRABBER
Grab"ber, n.
Defn: One who seizes or grabs.
GRABBLE
Grab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling (.]
Etym: [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.]
1. To grope; to feel with the hands. He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and fumbling. Selden.
2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel. Ainsworth.
GRACE
Grace, n. Etym: [F. grâce, L. gratia, from gratus beloved, dear,
agreeable; perh. akin to Gr. hary to desire, and E. yearn. Cf.
Grateful, Gratis.]
1. The exercise of love, kindness, mercy, favor; disposition to benefit or serve another; favor bestowed or privilege conferred. To bow and sue for grace With suppliant knee. Milton.
2. (Theol.)
Defn: The divine favor toward man; the mercy of God, as distinguished from His justice; also, any benefits His mercy imparts; divine love or pardon; a state of acceptance with God; enjoyment of the divine favor. And if by grace, then is it no more of works. Rom. xi. 6. My grace is sufficicnt for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9. Where sin abounded, grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20. By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand. Rom. v.2
3. (Law) (a) The prerogative of mercy execised by the executive, as pardon. (b) The same prerogative when exercised in the form of equitable relief through chancery.
4. Fortune; luck; — used commonly with hard or sorry when it means misfortune. [Obs.] Chaucer.
5. Inherent excellence; any endowment or characteristic fitted to win favor or confer pleasure or benefit. He is complete in feature and in mind. With all good grace to grace a gentleman. Shak. I have formerly given the general character of Mr. Addison's style and manner as natural and unaffected, easy and polite, and full of those graces which a flowery imagination diffuses over writing. Blair.
6. Beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; loveliness; commonly, easy elegance of manners; perfection of form. Grace in women gains the affections sooner, and secures them longer, than any thing else. Hazlitt. I shall answer and thank you again For the gift and the grace of the gift. Longfellow.
7. pl. (Myth.)
Defn: Graceful and beautiful females, sister goddesses, represented by ancient writers as the attendants sometimes of Apollo but oftener of Venus. They were commonly mentioned as three in number; namely, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, and were regarded as the inspirers of the qualities which give attractiveness to wisdom, love, and social intercourse. The Graces love to weave the rose. Moore. The Loves delighted, and the Graces played. Prior.
8. The title of a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England. How fares your Grace ! Shak.
9. (Commonly pl.)
Defn: Thanks. [Obs.]
Yielding graces and thankings to their lord Melibeus. Chaucer.
10. A petition for grace; a blessing asked, or thanks rendered, before or after a meal.
11. pl. (Mus.)
Defn: Ornamental notes or short passages, either introduced by the performer, or indicated by the composer, in which case the notation signs are called grace notes, appeggiaturas, turns, etc.
12. (Eng. Universities)
Defn: An act, vote, or decree of the government of the institution; a degree or privilege conferred by such vote or decree. Walton.
13. pl.
Defn: A play designed to promote or display grace of motion. It consists in throwing a small hoop from one player to another, by means of two sticks in the hands of each. Called also grace hoop or hoops. Act of grace. See under Act. — Day of grace (Theol.), the time of probation, when the offer of divine forgiveness is made and may be accepted. That day of grace fleets fast away. I. Watts. — Days of grace (Com.), the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payer to make payment in. In Great Britain and the United States, the days of grace are three, but in some countries more, the usages of merchants being different. — Good graces, favor; friendship. — Grace cup. (a) A cup or vessel in which a health is drunk after grace. (b) A health drunk after grace has been said. The grace cup follows to his sovereign's health. Hing. — Grace drink, a drink taken on rising from the table; a grace cup. To [Queen Margaret, of Scotland] . . . we owe the custom of the grace drink, she having established it as a rule at her table, that whosoever staid till grace was said was rewarded with a bumper. Encyc. Brit. — Grace hoop, a hoop used in playing graces. See Grace, n., 13. — Grace note (Mus.), an appoggiatura. See Appoggiatura, and def. 11 above. — Grace stroke, a finishing stoke or touch; a coup de grace. — Means of grace, means of securing knowledge of God, or favor with God, as the preaching of the gospel, etc. — To do grace, to reflect credit upon. Content to do the profession some grace. Shak. — To say grace, to render thanks before or after a meal. — With a good grace, in a fit and proper manner grace fully; graciously. — With a bad grace, in a forced, reluctant, or perfunctory manner; ungraciously. What might have been done with a good grace would at least be done with a bad grace. Macaulay.
Syn. — Elegance; comeliness; charm; favor; kindness; mercy. — Grace, Mercy. These words, though often interchanged, have each a distinctive and peculiar meaning. Grace, in the strict sense of the term, is spontaneous favor to the guilty or undeserving; mercy is kindness or compassion to the suffering or condemned. It was the grace of God that opened a way for the exercise of mercy toward men. See Elegance.
GRACE
Grace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graced; p. pr. & vb. n. Gracing.]
1. To adorn; to decorate; to embellish and dignify. Great Jove and Phoebus graced his noble line. Pope. We are graced with wreaths of victory. Shak.
2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor; to honor. He might, at his pleasure, grace or disgrace whom he would in court. Knolles.
3. To supply with heavenly grace. Bp. Hall.
4. (Mus.) To add grace notes, cadenzas, etc., to.
GRACED
Graced, a.
Defn: Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable. Shak.
GRACEFUL
Grace"ful, a.
Defn: Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy;
agreeable in appearance; as, a graceful walk, deportment, speaker,
air, act, speech.
High o'er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode. Dryden.
— Grace"ful*ly, adv. Grace"ful*ness, n.
GRACELESS
Grace"less, a.
1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.
2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n., 4. [Obs.] Chaucer.
— Grace"less*ly, adv.
— Grace"less-ness, n.
GRACILE; GRACILLENT
Grac"ile, Grac"il*lent a. Etym: [L. gracilis, gracilentus.]
Defn: Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.
GRACILITY
Gra*cil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gracilitas; cf. F. gracilité.]
Defn: State of being gracilent; slenderness. Milman. "Youthful gracility." W. D. Howells.
GRACIOUS
Gra"cious, a. Etym: [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.]
1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love,. or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as, his most gracious majesty. A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful. Neh. ix. 17. So hallowed and so gracious in the time. Shak.
2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent. Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, . . . There was not such a gracious creature born. Shak.
3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as, gracious affections.
Syn. — Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.
GRACIOUSLY
Gra"cious*ly, adv.
1. In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly. Dryden.
2. Fortunately; luckily. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRACIOUSNESS
Gra"cious*ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being gracious.
GRACKLE Grac"kle, n. Etym: [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icteridæ; as, the rusty grackle (Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle (Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna.
GRADATE
Gra"date, v. t. Etym: [See Grade.]
1. To grade or arrange (parts in a whole, colors in painting, etc.), so that they shall harmonize.
2. (Chem.)
Defn: To bring to a certain strength or grade of concentration; as, to gradate a saline solution.
GRADATION
Gra*da"tion, n., Etym: [L. gradatio: cf. F. gradation. See Grade.]
1. The act of progressing by regular steps or orderly arrangement; the state of being graded or arranged in ranks; as, the gradation of castes.
2. The act or process of bringing to a certain grade.
3. Any degree or relative position in an order or series. The several gradations of the intelligent universe. I. Taylor.
4. (Fine Arts)
Defn: A gradual passing from one tint to another or from a darker to a lighter shade, as in painting or drawing.
6. (Mus.)
Defn: A diatonic ascending or descending succession of chords.
GRADATION
Gra*da"tion, v. t.
Defn: To form with gradations. [R.]
GRADATIONAL
Gra*da"tion*al, a.
Defn: By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.
GRADATORY
Grad"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [See Grade.]
1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual. Could we have seen [Macbeth's] crimes darkening on their progress . . . could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us. A. Seward.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Suitable for walking; — said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.
GRADATORY
Grad"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.)
Defn: A series of steps from a cloister into a church.
GRADE Grade, n. Etym: [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.]
1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as, grades of military rank; crimes of every grade; grades of flour. They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of every grade. Buckle.
2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; — usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as, a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.
3. (Stock Breeding)
Defn: The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade. At grade, on the same level; — said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing. — Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad. — Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. — Equating for grades. See under Equate. — Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.
GRADE
Grade, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.]
1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.
2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.
3. (Stock Breeding)
Defn: To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.
GRADELY
Grade"ly, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. grad grade, step, order, fr. L. gradus.
See Grade.]
Defn: Decent; orderly. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
— adv.
Defn: Decently; in order. [Prov. Eng.]
GRADER
Grad"er, n.
Defn: 1. One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitate.
Defn: 2. A vehicle used for levelling earth, esp. one with a plow blade suspended from the center, used specifically for grading roads.
GRADIENT
Gra"di*ent, a. Etym: [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go.
See Grade.]
1. Moving by steps; walking; as, gradient automata. Wilkins.
2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as, the gradient line of a railroad.
3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birsds.
GRADIENT
Gra"di*ent, n.
1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.
2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.
3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as, a thermometric gradient. Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot.
GRADIN; GRADINE
Gra"din, Gra*dine", n. Etym: [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.]
(Arch.)
Defn: Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater." Layard.
GRADINE
Gra*dine", n. Etym: [F. gradine.]
Defn: A toothed chised by sculptors.
GRADING
Grad"ing, n.
Defn: The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.
GRADINO
Gra*di"no, n.; pl. Gradinos. Etym: [It.] (Arch.)
Defn: A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf.
Superaltar, and Gradin.
GRADUAL
Grad"u*al"; a. Etym: [Cf; F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Gradual, n.]
Defn: Proceeding by steps or degrees; advancing, step by step, as in ascent or descent or from one state to another; regularly progressive; slow; as, a gradual increase of knowledge; a gradual decline. Creatures animate with gradual life Of growth, sense, reason, all summed up in man. Milton.
GRADUAL Grad"u*al, n. Etym: [LL. graduale a gradual (in sense 1), fr. L. gradus step: cf. F. graduel. See Grade, and cf. Grail a gradual.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An antiphon or responsory after the epistle, in the Mass, which was sung on the steps, or while the deacon ascended the steps. (b) A service book containing the musical portions of the Mass.
2. A series of steps. [Obs.] Dryden.
GRADUALITY
Grad"u*al"i*ty, n.
Defn: The state of being gradual; gradualness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
GRADUALLY
Grad"u*al*ly, adv.
1. In a gradual manner.
2. In degree. [Obs.] Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes. Grew.
GRADUALNESS
Grad"u*al*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or
gradation; slowness.
The gradualness of this movement. M. Arnold.
The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the
simplest observer. H. Drummond.
GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graduated p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating
(.] Etym: [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n., Grade.]
1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as, he was graduated at Yale College.
3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as, to graduate the heat of an oven. Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts. Browne.
4. (Chem.)
Defn: To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid. Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under Dividing.
GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, v. i.
1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as, sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: To taper, as the tail of certain birds.
3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate;
to receive a diploma.
He graduated at Oxford. Latham.
He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated.
Macaulay.
GRADUATE Grad"u*ate, n. Etym: [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n.]
1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.
2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.
GRADUATE
Grad"u*ate, a. Etym: [See Graduate, n. & v.]
Defn: Arrangei by successive steps or degrees; graduated. Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and subordinate stages. Tatham.
GRADUATED
Grad"u*a"ted, a.
1. Marked with, or divided into, degrees; divided into grades.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Tapered; — said of a bird's tail when the outer feathers are shortest, and the others successively longer. Graduated tube, bottle, cap, or glass, a vessel, usually of glass, having horizontal marks upon its sides, with figures, to indicate the amount of the contents at the several levels. — Graduated spring (Railroads), a combination of metallic and rubber springs.
GRADUATESHIP
Grad"u*ate*ship, n.
Defn: State of being a graduate. Milton.
GRADUATION Grad"u*a"tion, n. Etym: [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]
1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as, graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird's tail, etc.
2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.
3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.
GRADUATOR
Grad"u*a"tor, n.
1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as, a graduator of instruments.
2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.
3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.
GRADUS
Gra"dus, n. Etym: [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.]
Defn: A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or
Latin poetry.
He set to work . . . without gradus or other help. T. Hughes.
GRAF
Graf, n. Etym: [G. Cf. -grave.]
Defn: A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl.
GRAFF
Graff, n. Etym: [OE. grafe, greife, greive. Cf. Margrave.]
Defn: A steward; an overseer. [A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or graff, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ. John Knox.
GRAFF
Graff n. & v.
Defn: See Graft.
GRAFFAGE
Graff"age, n. Etym: [Cf. Grave, n.]
Defn: The scarp of a ditch or moat. "To clean the graffages." Miss
Mitford.
GRAFFER
Graf"fer, n. Etym: [See Greffier.] (Law.)
Defn: a notary or scrivener. Bowvier.
GRAFFITI
Graf*fi"ti, n. pl. Etym: [It., pl. of graffito scratched]
Defn: Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.
GRAFFITO
Graf*fi"to, n. [It., fr. graffio a scratching.] (Art)
Defn: Production of decorative designs by scratching them through a surface of layer plaster, glazing, etc., revealing a different- colored ground; also, pottery or ware so decorated; — chiefly used attributively.
GRAFT Graft, n. Etym: [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr. carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.
GRAFT
Graft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] Etym:
[F. greffer. See Graft, n.]
1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.]
2.
(Surg.)
Defn: To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.
3.
Defn: To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union. And graft my love immortal on thy fame ! Pope.
4.
(Naut.)
Defn: To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope-yarns.
GRAFT
Graft, v. i.
Defn: To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.
GRAFTAGE
Graft"age, n. (Hort.)
Defn: The science of grafting, including the various methods of practice and details of operation.
GRAFTER
Graft"er, n.
1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.
2.
Defn: An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.
3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak.
GRAFTING
Graft"ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.
3. (Surg.)
Defn: The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.
4. (Carp.)
Defn: A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another. Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. — Crown, or Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. — Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. — Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. — Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. — Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. — Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. — Grafting scissors, a surgeon's scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. — Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals. — Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.
GRAHAM BREAD Gra"ham bread". Etym: [From Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.]
Defn: Bread made of unbolted wheat flour. [U. S.] Bartlett.
GRAHAMITE
Gra"ham*ite, n. Etym: [See Graham bread.]
Defn: One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.]
GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [OF. greel, LL. gradale. See Gradual, n.]
Defn: A book of offices in the Roman Catholic Church; a gradual.
[Obs.] T. Warton.
Such as antiphonals, missals, grails, processionals, etc. Strype.
GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [OF. graal, greal, greet, F. graal, gral, LL.
gradalis, gradale, prob. derived fr. L. crater bowl, mixing vessel,
Gr. krath`r. See Crater.]
Defn: A broad, open dish; a chalice; — only used of the Holy Grail.
Note: The Holy Grail, according to some legends of the Middle Ages, was the cup used by our Savior in dispensing the wine at the last supper; and according to others, the platter on which the paschal lamb was served at the last Passover observed by our Lord. This cup, according to the legend, if appoached by any but a perfectly pure and holy person, would be borne away and vanish from the sight. The quest of the Holy Grail was to be undertaken only by a knight who was perfectly chaste in thought, word, and act.
GRAIL Grail, n. Etym: [F. grêle hail, from grÉs grit, OHG. griex, grioz, G. gries, gravel, grit. See Grit.]
Defn: Small particles of earth; gravel. [Obs.]
Lying down upon the sandy grail. Spenser.
GRAIL
Grail, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. graite slender, F. grête.]
Defn: One of the small feathers of a hawk.
GRAILLE
Graille, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grêle a sort of file.]
Defn: A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, — used by comb makers. Knight.
GRAIN
Grain, v. & n.
Defn: See Groan. [Obs.]
GRAIN Grain, n. Etym: [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n., Garnet, Gram the chick- pea, Granule, Kernel.]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.
2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; — used collectively. Storehouses crammed with grain. Shak.
3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc. I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved. Milton.
4. The unit of the English system of weights; — so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.
5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple. All in a robe of darkest grain. Milton. Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give' them the last tincture of crimson in grain. Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.
6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain. Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. Dryden.
7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc. Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth. Shak.
8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material.
9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight.
10. pl.
Defn: The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff.
11. (Bot.)
Defn: A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a., 4.
12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.] Brothers . . . not united in grain. Hayward.
13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.] He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet. Chaucer. Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift.Saintsbury.— A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. — Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. — Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes in sect. — Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women's shoes, etc. — Grain moth (Zoöl.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineidæ (as Tinea granella and Butalis cereAlella), whose larvæ devour grain in storehouses. — Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; — opposed to flesh side. — Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. — grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. — Grain weevil (Zoöl.), a small red weevil (Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and othar grain, by eating out the interior. — Grain worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. — In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert.— To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n., 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye. The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . . Likce crimson dyed in grain. Spenser. — To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.
GRAIN
Grain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grained; p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).
GRAIN
Grain, v. i. Etym: [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n.]
1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To form grains, or to assume a granular ferm, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.
GRAIN
Grain, n. Etym: [See Groin a part of the body.]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.
2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl.
Defn: An iron first speak or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.
3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
4. (Founding)
Defn: A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.
GRAINED
Grained, a.
1. Having a grain; divided into small particles or grains; showing the grain; hence, rough.
2. Dyed in grain; ingrained. Persons lightly dipped, not grained, in generous honesty, are but pale in goodness. Sir T. Browne.
3. Painted or stained in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
4. (Bot.)
Defn: Having tubercles or grainlike processes, as the petals or sepals of some flowers.
GRAINER
Grain"er, n.
1. An infusion of pigeon's dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; — called also grains and bate.
2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.
3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also, the brush or tool used in graining.
GRAINFIELD
Grain"field`, n.
Defn: A field where grain is grown.
GRAINING
Grain"ing, n.
1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, atone, etc.
4. (Soap Making)
Defn: The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.
GRAINING
Grain"ing, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small European fresh-water fish (Leuciscus vulgaris); - called also dobule, and dace.
GRAINS
Grains, n. pl.
1. See 5th Grain, n., 2 (b).
2. Pigeon's dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n., 1.
GRAINY
Grain"y, a.
Defn: Resembling grains; granular.
GRAIP
Graip, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.]
Defn: A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns.
GRAITH
Graith, v. t. [Obs.]
Defn: See Greith. Chaucer.
GRAITH
Graith, n.
Defn: Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.
GRAKLE
Gra"kle, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Grackle.
GRALLAE Gral"læ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. grallae stilts, for gradulae, fr. gradus. See Grade.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of birds which formerly included all the waders. By later writers it is usually restricted to the sandpipers, plovers, and allied forms; — called also Grallatores.
GRALLATORES Gral"la*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL. from L. grallator one who runs on stilts.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Grallæ.
GRALLATORIAL; GRALLATORY
Gral`la*to"ri*al, Gral"la*to*ry, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Grallatores, or waders.
GRALLIC
Gral"lic, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the Grallæ.
GRALLINE
Gral"line (lin), a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Grallæ.
GRALLOCH
Gral"loch, n.
Defn: Offal of a deer.
— v. t.
Defn: To remove the offal from (a deer).
-GRAM -gram. Etym: [Gr. a thing drawn or written, a letter, fr. gra`fein to draw, write. See Graphic.]
Defn: A suffix indicating something drawn or written, a drawing, writing; — as, monogram, telegram, chronogram.
GRAM
Gram, a. Etym: [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. sq. root35.]
Defn: Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane.
GRAM
Gram, n. Etym: [Pg. gro grain. See Grain.] (Bot.)
Defn: The East Indian name of the chick-pea (Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also, other similar seeds there used for food.
GRAM; GRAMME Gram, Gramme, n. Etym: [F. gramme, from Gr. that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. to write. See Graphic.]
Defn: The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n., 4. Gram degree, or Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. — Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.
GRAMA GRASS
Gra"ma grass`. Etym: [Sp. grama a sort of grass.] (Bot.)
Defn: The name of several kinds of pasture grasses found in the
Western United States, esp. the Bouteloua oligostachya.
GRAMARYE
Gram"a*rye, n. Etym: [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic,
OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.]
Defn: Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.
GRAMASHES
Gra*mash"es, n. pl. Etym: [See Gamashes.]
Defn: Gaiters reaching to the knee; leggings.
Strong gramashes, or leggings of thick gray cloth. Sir W. Scott.
GRAME
Grame, n. Etym: [See Gram, a.]
1. Anger; wrath; scorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Sorrow; grief; misery. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRAMERCY
Gra*mer"cy, interj. Etym: [F. grand-merci. See Grand, and Mercy.]
Defn: A word formerly used to express thankfulness, with surprise;
many thanks.
Gramercy, Mammon, said the gentle knight. Spenser.
GRAMINACEOUS
Gram"i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. gramen, graminis, grass.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the grasses; gramineous; as, graminaceous plants.
GRAMINEAL
Gra*min"e*al, a.
Defn: Gramineous.
GRAMINEOUS
Gra*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.]
(Bot.)
Defn: Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n., 2.
GRAMINIFOLIOUS Gram"i*ni*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. gramen, graminis, grass + folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Defn: Bearing leaves resembling those of grass.
GRAMINIVOROUS Gram"i*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat greedily.]
Defn: Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; — said of horses, cattle, and other animals.
GRAMMALOGUE
Gram"ma*logue, n. Etym: [Gr. gra`mma letter + lo`gos word. Cf.
Logogram.] (Phonography)
Defn: Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as, it, represented by |, that is, t. pitman.
GRAMMAR
Gram"mar, n. Etym: [OE. gramere, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire Prob. fr.
L. gramatica Gr Gramme, Graphic, and cf. Grammatical, Gramarye.]
1. The science which treats of the principles of language; the study of forms of speech, and their relations to one another; the art concerned with the right use aud application of the rules of a language, in speaking or writing.
Note: The whole fabric of grammar rests upon the classifying of words according to their function in the sentence. Bain.
2. The art of speaking or writing with correctness or according to established usage; speech considered with regard to the rules of a grammar. The original bad grammar and bad spelling. Macaulay.
3. A treatise on the principles of language; a book containing the principles and rules for correctness in speaking or writing.
4. treatise on the elements or principles of any science; as, a grammar of geography. Comparative grammar, the science which determines the relations of kindred languages by examining and comparing their grammatical forms. — Grammar school. (a) A school, usually endowed, in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught, as also other studies preparatory to colleges or universities; as, the famous Rugby Grammar School. This use of the word is more common in England than in the United States. When any town shall increase to the number of a hundred families or householders, they shall set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as they may be fitted for the University. Mass. Records (1647). (b) In the American system of graded common schools an intermediate grade between the primary school and the high school, in which the principles of English grammar are taught.
GRAMMAR
Gram"mar, v. i.
Defn: To discourse according to the rules of grammar; to use grammar.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
GRAMMARIAN
Gram*ma"ri*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grammairien.]
1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist.
Note: "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." Brande & C.
2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.
GRAMMARIANISM
Gram*ma"ri*an*ism, n.
Defn: The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians.
[R.]
GRAMMARLESS
Gram"mar*less, a.
Defn: Without grammar.
GRAMMATES
Gram"mates, n. pl. Etym: [From Gr.
Defn: Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.
GRAMMATIC
Gram*mat"ic, a.
Defn: Grammatical.
GRAMMATICAL Gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. grammatical. See Grammar.]
1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as, a grammatical rule.
2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as, the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical. — Gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. — Gram*mat"ic*al*ness, n.
GRAMMATICASTER
Gram*mat"icas"ter, n. Etym: [LL.]
Defn: A petty grammarian; a grammatical pedant or pretender.
My noble Neophite, my little grammaticaster. B. Jonson.
GRAMMATICATION
Gram*mat"i*ca"tion, n.
Defn: A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno.
GRAMMATICISM
Gram*mat"i*cism, n.
Defn: A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.
GRAMMATICIZE
Gram*mat"i*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grammaticized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Grammaticizing.]
Defn: To render grammatical. Fuller.
GRAMMATIST
Gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [L. grammatista schoolmaster, Gr. grammatiste.
See Grammatical.]
Defn: A petty grammarian. [R] Tooke.
GRAMME
Gramme, n.
Defn: Same as Gram the weight.
GRAMME MACHINE
Gramme" ma*chine". (Elec.)
Defn: A kind of dynamo-electric machine; — so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.
GRAMOPHONE Gram"o*phone, n. [Gr. a thing drawn or written (fr. write) + - phone, as in telephone.]
Defn: An instrument for recording, preserving, and reproducing sounds, the record being a tracing of a phonautograph etched in some solid material. Reproduction is accomplished by means of a system attached to an elastic diaphragm.
GRAMPUS Gram"pus, n.; pl. Grampuses. Etym: [Probably corrupted from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.
2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.]
GRANADE; GRANADO
Gra*nade", Gra*na"do, n.
Defn: See Grenade.
GRANADILLA
Grana*dil"la, n. Etym: [Sp., dim. of granada pomegranate. See
Grenade, Garnet.] (Bot.)
Defn: The fruit of certain species of passion flower (esp. Passiflora quadrangularis) found in Brazil and the West Indies. It is as large as a child's head, and is a good dessert fruit. The fruit of Passiflora edulis is used for flavoring ices.
GRANARY
Gran"a*ry, n.; pl. Granaries. Etym: [L. granarium, fr. granum grain.
See Garner.]
Defn: A storehouse or repository for grain, esp. after it is thrashed or husked; a cornbouse; also (Fig.), a region fertile in grain. The exhaustless granary of a world. Thomson.
GRANATE
Gran"ate, n.
Defn: See Garnet.
GRANATIN
Gra*na"tin, n. Etym: [L. granatum the pomegranate.] (Chem.)
Defn: Mannite; — so called because found in the pomegranate.
GRANATITE
Gran"a*tite, n.
Defn: See Staurolite.
GRAND Grand, a. [Compar. Grander; superl. Grandest.] Etym: [OE. grant, grount, OF. grant, F. grand, fr. L. grandis; perh. akin to gravis heavy, E. grave, a. Cf. Grandee.]
1. Of large size or extent; great; extensive; hence, relatively great; greatest; chief; principal; as, a grand mountain; a grand army; a grand mistake. "Our grand foe, Satan." Milton. Making so bold . . . to unseal Their grand commission. Shak.
2. Great in size, and fine or imposing in appearance or impression; illustrious, dignifled, or noble (said of persons); majestic, splendid, magnificent, or sublime (said of things); as, a grand monarch; a grand lord; a grand general; a grand view; a grand conception. They are the highest models of expression, the unapproached masters of the grand style. M. Arnold.
3. Having higher rank or more dignity, size, or importance than other persons or things of the same name; as, a grand lodge; a grand vizier; a grand piano, etc.
4. Standing in the second or some more remote degree of parentage or descent; — generalIy used in composition; as, grandfather, grandson, grandchild, etc. What cause Mov'd our grand parents, in that happy state, Favor'd of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator. Milton. Grand action, a pianoforte action, used in grand pianos, in which special devices are employed to obtain perfect action of the hammer in striking and leaving the string. — Grand Army of the Republic, an organized voluntary association of men who served in the Union army or navy during the civil war in the United States. The order has chapters, called Posts, throughout the country. — Grand cross. (a) The highest rank of knighthood in the Order of the Bath. (b) A knight grand cross. — Grand cordon, the cordon or broad ribbon, identified with the highest grade in certain honorary orders; hence, a person who holds that grade. — Grand days (Eng. Law), certain days in the terms which are observed as holidays in the inns of court and chancery (Candlemas, Ascension, St. John Baptist's, and All Saints' Days); called also Dies non juridici. — Grand duchess. (a) The wife or widow of a grand duke. (b) A lady having the sovereignty of a duchy in her own right. (c) In Russia, a daughter of the Czar. — Grand duke. (a) A sovereign duke, inferior in rank to a king; as, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. (b) In Russia, a son of the Czar. (c) (Zoöl.) The European great horned owl or eagle owl (Bubo maximas). — Grand-guard, or Grandegarde, a piece of plate armor used in tournaments as an extra protection for the left shoulder and breast. — Grand juror, a member of a grand jury. — Grand jury (Law), a jury of not less than twelve men, and not more than twenty-three, whose duty it is, in private session, to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime, and if they see just cause, then to find bills of indictment against them, to be presented to the court; — called also grand inquest. — Grand juryman, a grand juror. — Grand larceny. (Law) See under Larceny. — Grand lodge, the chief lodge, or governing body, among Freemasons and other secret orders. — Grand master. (a) The head of one of the military orders of knighthood, as the Templars, Hospitallers, etc. (b) The head of the order of Freemasons or of Good Templars, etc. — Grand paunch, a glutton or gourmand. [Obs.] Holland. — Grand pensionary. See under Pensionary. — Grand piano (Mus.), a large piano, usually harp-shaped, in which the wires or strings are generally triplicated, increasing the power, and all the mechanism is introduced in the most effective manner, regardless of the size of the instrument. — Grand relief (Sculp.), alto relievo. — Grand Seignior. See under Seignior. — Grand stand, the principal stand, or erection for spectators, at a, race course, etc. — Grand vicar (Eccl.), a principal vicar; an ecclesiastical delegate in France. — Grand vizier. See under Vizier.
Syn. — Magnificent; sublime; majestic; dignified; elevated; stately; august; pompous; lofty; eralted; noble. — Grand, Magnificent, Sublime. Grand, in reference to objects of taste, is applied to that which expands the mind by a sense of vastness and majesty; magnificent is applied to anything which is imposing from its splendor; sublime describes that which is awful and elevating. A cataract is grand; a rich and varied landscape is magnificent; an overhanging precipice is sublime. "Grandeur admits of degrees and modifications; but magnificence is that which has already reached the highest degree of superiority naturally belonging to the object in question." Crabb.
GRANDAM
Gran"dam, n. Etym: [F. grande, fem. of grand + dame. See Grand, and
Dame.]
Defn: An old woman; specifically, a grandmother. Shak.
GRANDAUNT
Grand"aunt", n. Etym: [Cf. F. grand'tante.]
Defn: The aunt of one's father or mother.
GRANDCHILD
Grand"child", n.
Defn: A son's or daughter's child; a child in the second degree of descent.
GRANDDAUGHTER
Grand"daugh"ter, n.
Defn: The daughter of one's son or daughter.
GRAND-DUCAL
Grand"-du"cal, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.
GRANDEE
Gran*dee", n. Etym: [Sp. grande. See Grand.]
Defn: A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king's presence.
GRANDEESHIP
Gran*dee"ship, n.
Defn: The rank or estate of a grandee; lordship. H. Swinburne.
GRANDEUR
Gran"deur, n. Etym: [F., fr. grand. See Grand.]
Defn: The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action. Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury . . . allure mine eye. Milton.
Syn.
— Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See
Sublimity.
GRANDEVITY
Gran*dev"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. grandaevitas.]
Defn: Great age; long life. [Obs.] Glanvill.
GRANDEVOUS Gran*de"vous, a. Etym: [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime, age.]
Defn: Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.
GRANDFATHER
Grand"fa"ther, n.
Defn: A father's or mother's father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent. Grandfather longlegs. (Zoöl.) See Dady longlegs.
GRANDFATHERLY
Grand"fa"ther*ly, a.
Defn: Like a grandfather in age or manner; kind; benignant;
indulgent.
He was a grandfatherly sort of personage. Hawthorne.
GRANDIFIC Gran*dif"ic, a. Etym: [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.]
Defn: Making great. [R.] Bailey.
GRANDILOQUENCE
Gran*dil"o*quence, n.
Defn: The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; — usually in a bad
sense.
The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking. Thackeray,
GRANDILOQUENT
Gran*dil"o*quent, a. Etym: [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.]
Defn: Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.
GRANDILOQUOUS Gran*dil"o*quous, a. Etym: [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to apeak.]
Defn: Grandiloquent.
GRANDINOUS
Gran"di*nous, a. Etym: [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.]
Defn: Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.
GRANDIOSE
Gran"di*ose", a. Etym: [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.]
1. Impressive or elevating in effect; vimposing; splendid; striking; — in a good sense. The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole. M. Arnold. The grandiose red tulips which grow wild. C. Kingsley.
2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; — in a bad sense; as, a grandiose style.
GRANDIOSITY
Gran"di*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grandiosité, It. grandiosità.]
Defn: The state or quality of being grandiose,
GRANDITY
Grand"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. granditas: cf. OF. granité. See Grand.]
Defn: Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.
GRANDLY
Grand"ly, adv.
Defn: In a grand manner.
GRANDMA; GRANDMAMMA
Grand"ma", Grand"mam*ma", n.
Defn: A grand mother.
GRAND MERCY
Grand" mer"cy.
Defn: See Gramercy. [Obs.]
GRANDMOTHER
Grand"moth"er, n.
Defn: The mother of one's father or mother.
GRANDMOTHERLY
Grand"moth"er*ly, a.
Defn: Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.
GRANDNEPHEW
Grand"neph"ew, n.
Defn: The grandson of one's brother or sister.
GRANDNESS
Grand"ness, n.
Defn: Grandeur. Wollaston.
GRANDNIECE
Grand"niece", n.
Defn: The granddaughter of one's brother or sister.
GRANDPA; GRANDPAPA
Grand"pa", Grand"pa*pa", n.
Defn: A grandfather.
GRANDSIRE
Grand"sire", n. Etym: [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.]
Defn: Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.
GRANDSON
Grand"son", n.
Defn: A son's or daughter's son.
GRANDUNCLE
Grand"un"cle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grand-oncle.]
Defn: father's or mother's uncle.
GRANE
Grane, v. & n.
Defn: See Groan. [Obs.]
GRANGE
Grange, n. Etym: [F. grange barn, LL. granea, from L. granum grain.
See Grain a kernel.]
1. A building for storing grain; a granary. [Obs.] Milton.
2. A farmhouse, with the barns and other buildings for farming
purposes.
And eke an officer out for to ride, To see her granges and her bernes
wide. Chaucer.
Nor burnt the grange, nor bussed the milking maid. Tennyson.
3. A farmhouse of a monastery, where the rents and tithes, paid in grain, were deposited. [Obs.]
4. A farm; generally, a farm with a house at a distance from neighbors.
5. An association of farmers, designed to further their interests, aud particularly to bring producers and consumers, farmers and manufacturers, into direct commercial relations, without intervention of middlemen or traders. The first grange was organized in 1867. [U. S.]
GRANGER
Gran"ger, n.
1. A farm steward. [Obs.]
2. A member of a grange. [U. S.]
GRANGERISM
Gran"ger*ism, n. Etym: [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose
"Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for
illustration in this manner.]
Defn: The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.
GRANGERITE
Gran"ger*ite, n.
Defn: One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.
GRANGERIZE
Gran"ger*ize, v. t. & i.
Defn: To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.
GRANGER RAILROADS; GRANGER ROADS
Gran"ger railroads, or Granger roads. (Finance)
Defn: Certain railroads whose traffic largely consists in carrying the produce of farmers or grangers; — specifically applied to the Chicago & Alton; Chicago, Burlington & Quincey; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; and Chicago & Northwestern, railroads. [U. S.].
GRANGER STOCKS; GRANGER SHARES
Granger stocks or shares.
Defn: Stocks or shares of the granger railroads.
GRANIFEROUS Gra*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf. F. granifère.]
Defn: Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.
GRANIFORM
Gran"i*form, a. Etym: [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.]
Defn: Formed like of corn.
GRANILLA
Gra*nil"la, n. Etym: [Sp., small seed.]
Defn: Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.
GRANITE
Gran"ite, n. Etym: [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of
granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See
Grain.] (Geol.)
Defn: A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefor in being destitute of a schistose structure.
Note: Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note under Mica. Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement. — Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. — Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. — Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica. — Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.
GRANITE STATE
Gran"ite State.
Defn: New Hampshire; — a nickname alluding to its mountains, which are chiefly of granite.
GRANITE STATE
Gran"ite State.
Defn: New Hampshire; — a nickname alluding to its mountains, which are chiefly of granite. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
GRANITIC
Gra*nit"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. granitique.]
1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as, granitic texture.
2. Consisting of granite; as, granitic mountains.
GRANITICAL
Gra*nit"ic*al, a.
Defn: Granitic.
GRANITIFICATION Gra*nit`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
Defn: The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.
GRANITIFORM
Gra*nit"i*form, a. Etym: [Granite + -form.] (Geol.)
Defn: Resembling granite in structure or shape.
GRANITOID
Gran"i*toid, a. Etym: [Granite + -oid: cf. F. granitoïde.]
Defn: Resembling granite in granular appearance; as, granitoid gneiss; a granitoid pavement.
GRANIVOROUS Gra*niv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F. granivore.]
Defn: Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as, granivorous birds. Gay.
GRANNAM
Gran"nam, n.
Defn: A grandam. [Colloq.]
GRANNY
Gran"ny, n.
Defn: A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman. Granny's bend, or Granny's knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.
GRANOLITHIC Gran`o*lith"ic, n. Etym: [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith + -ic.]
Defn: A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.
GRANT Grant, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] Etym: [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed, Credit.]
1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; — usually in answer to petition. Grant me the place of this threshing floor. 1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.
2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give. Wherefore did God grant me my request. Milton.
3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede. Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree. Dryden.
Syn.— To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See Give.
GRANT
Grant, v. i.
Defn: To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRANT Grant, n. Etym: [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.]
1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.
2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.
3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.
4. (Law)
Defn: A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as, a grant of land or of money; also, the deed or writing by which the transfer is made.
Note: Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. Bouvier. Burrill.
GRANTABLE
Grant"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being granted.
GRANTEE
Gran*tee", n. (Law)
Defn: The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises. Burke.
GRANTER
Grant"er, n.
Defn: One who grants.
GRANTOR
Grant"or, n. (Law)
Defn: The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.
GRANULAR
Gran"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.]
Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as, a granular substance. Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.
GRANULARLY
Gran"u*lar*ly, adv.
Defn: In a granular form.
GRANULARY
Gran"u*la*ry, a.
Defn: Granular.
GRANULATE
Gran"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Granulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Granulating.] Etym: [See Granule.]
1. To form into grains or small masses; as, to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.
2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.
GRANULATE
Gran"u*late, v. i.
Defn: To collect or be formed into grains; as, cane juice granulates into sugar.
GRANULATE; GRANULATED
Gran"u*late, Gran"u*la`ted, a.
1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as, granulated sugar.
2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen. Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.
GRANULATION
Gran`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. granulation.]
1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as, the granulation of powder and sugar.
2. The state of being granulated.
3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences.
GRANULE Gran"ule, n. Etym: [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule. See Grain a kernel.]
Defn: A little grain a small particle; a pellet.
GRANULIFEROUS
Gran`u*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Granule + -ferous.]
Defn: Full of granulations.
GRANULIFORM
Gra*nu"li*form, a. Etym: [Granule + -form.] (Min.)
Defn: Having a granular structure; granular; as, granuliform limestone.
GRANULITE
Gran"u*lite, n. Etym: [From Granule.] (Geol.)
Defn: A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; — sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.
GRANULOSE
Gran"u*lose`, n. Etym: [From Granule.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: The main constituent of the starch grain or granule, in distinction from the framework of cellulose. Unlike cellulose, it is colored blue by iodine, and is converted into dextrin and sugar by boiling acids and amylolytic ferments.
GRANULOUS
Gran"u*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. granuleux.]
Defn: Full of grains; abounding with granular substances; granular.
GRAPE Grape, n. Etym: [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.
3. (Man.)
Defn: A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.
4. (Mil.)
Defn: Grapeshot. Grape borer. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer.
— Grape curculio (Zoöl.), a minute black weevil (Craponius
inæqualis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes.
— Grape flower, or Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant
(Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense
raceme.
— Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus (Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines;
vine mildew.
— Grape hopper (Zoöl.), a Small yellow and red hemipterous insect,
often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine.
— Grape moth (Zoöl.), a small moth (Eudemis botrana), which in the
larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them
together with silk.
— Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech.
— Grape sugar. See Glucose.
— Grape worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grape moth.
— Soar grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they
can not possess them; — in allusion to
GRAPE FRUIT
Grape" fruit`.
Defn: The shaddock.
GRAPELESS
Grape"less, a.
Defn: Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.
GRAPERY
Grap"er*y, n.
Defn: A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.
GRAPESHOT
Grape"shot`, n. (Mil.)
Defn: A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.
GRAPESTONE
Grape"stone`, n.
Defn: A seed of the grape.
GRAPEVINE
Grape"vine`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes.
Note: The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.
-GRAPH -graph ( Etym: [From Gr. gra`fein to write. See Graphic.]
Defn: A suffix signifying something written, a writing; also, a writer; as autograph, crystograph, telegraph, photograph.
GRAPHIC; GRAPHICAL
Graph"ic, Graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. graphicus, Gr. graphique. See
Graft.]
1. Of or pertaining to the arts of painting and drawing.
2. Of or pertaining to the art of writing.
3. Written or engraved; formed of letters or lines. The finger of God hath left an inscription upon all his works, not graphical, or composed of letters. Sir T. Browne.
4. Well delineated; clearly and vividly described.
5. Having the faculty of, or characterized by, clear and impressive description; vivid; as, a gruphic writer. Graphic algebra, a branch of algebra in which, the properties of equations are treated by the use of curves and straight lines. — Graphic arts, a name given to those fine arts which pertain to the representation on a fiat surface of natural objects; as distinguished from music, etc., and also from sculpture. — Graphic formula. (Chem.) See under Formula. — Graphic granite. See under Granite. — Graphic method, the method of scientific analysis or investigation, in which the relations or laws involved in tabular numbers are represented to the eye by means of curves or other figures; as the daily changes of weather by means of curves, the abscissas of which represent the hours of the day, and the ordinates the corresponding degrees of temperature. — Graphical statics (Math.), a branch of statics, in which the magnitude, direction, and position of forces are represented by straight lines — Graphic tellurium. See Sylvanite.
GRAPHICALLY
Graph"ic*al*ly, adv.
Defn: In a graphic manner; vividly.
GRAPHICNESS; GRAPHICALNESS
Graph"ic*ness, Graph"ic*al*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being graphic.
GRAPHICS
Graph"ics, n.
Defn: The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.
GRAPHISCOPE
Graph"i*scope, n.
Defn: See Graphoscope.
GRAPHITE
Graph"ite, n. Etym: [Gr. graphite. See Graphic.] (Min.)
Defn: Native carbon in hexagonal crystals, also foliated or granular massive, of black color and metallic luster, and so soft as to leave a trace on paper. It is used for pencils (improperly called lead pencils), for crucibles, and as a lubricator, etc. Often called plumbago or black lead. Graphite battery (Elec.), a voltaic battery consisting of zinc and carbon in sulphuric acid, or other exciting liquid.
GRAPHITIC
Gra*phit"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, containing, derived from, or resembling, graphite. Graphitic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, so called because obtained by the oxidation of graphite; — usually called mellitic acid. — Graphitic carbon, in iron or steel, that portion of the carbon which is present as graphite. Raymond.
GRAPHITOID; GRAPHITOIDAL
Graph"i*toid, Graph"i*toid"al, a.
Defn: Resembling graphite or plumbago.
GRAPHOLITE
Graph"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.]
Defn: Any species of slate suitable to be written on.
GRAPHOLOGY
Gra*phol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. graphologie.]
Defn: The art of judging of a person's character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.
GRAPHOPHONE
Graph"o*phone, n. [Gr. to write + -phone, as in telephone.]
Defn: A kind of photograph.
GRAPHOSCOPE
Graph"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]
Defn: An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.
GRAPHOTYPE
Graph"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.] (Engraving)
Defn: A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.
-GRAPHY -gra*phy. Etym: [Gr. Graphic.]
Defn: A suffix denoting the art of writing or describing; also, the writing or description itself; a treatise; as, calligraphy, biography, geography.
GRAPNEL Grap"nel, n. Etym: [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.)
Defn: A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; — written also grapline, and crapnel.
GRAPPLE
Grap"ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grappled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grappling.]
Etym: [F. grappiller, OF. graypil the grapple of a ship, fr. graper
to pluck, prop., to seize, clutch; of German origin. See Grape.]
1. To seize; to lay fast hold of; to attack at close quarters: as, to grapple an antagonist.
2. To fasten, as with a grapple; to fix; to join indissolubly. The gallies were grappled to the Centurion. Hakluyt. Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel. Shak.
GRAPPLE
Grap"ple, v. i.
Defn: To use a grapple; to contend in close fight; to attach one's self as if by a grapple, as in wrestling; to close; to seize one another. To grapple with, to enter into contest with, resolutely and courageously. And in my standard bear the arms of York, To grapple with the house of Lancaster. Shak.
GRAPPLE
Grap"ple, n. Etym: [See Grapple, v. t., and cf. Crapple.]
1. A seizing or seizure; close hug in contest; the wrestler's hold. Milton.
2. (a) An instrument, usually with hinged claws, for seizing and holding fast to an object; a grab. (b) (Naut.)
Defn: A grappling iron. The iron hooks and grapples keen. Spenser. Grapple plant (Bot.), a South African herb (Herpagophytum leptocarpum) having the woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle, causing intense annoyance. — Grapple shot (Life-saving Service), a projectile, to which are attached hinged claws to catch in a ship's rigging or to hold in the ground; — called also anchor shot.
GRAPPLEMENT
Grapple*ment, n.
Defn: A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser.
GRAPPLING
Grap"pling, n.
1. A laying fast ho1d of; also, that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.
2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden. Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. — Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.
GRAPSOID
Grap"soid, a. Etym: [NL. Grapsus + -oid.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsidæ.
— n.
Defn: A grapsoid crab.
GRAPTOLITE
Grap"to*lite, n. Etym: [NL, Graptolithus, from Gr. (Paleon.)
Defn: One of numerous species of slender and delicate fossils, of the genus Graptolites and allied genera, found in the Silurian rocks. They belong to an extinct group (Graptolithina) supposed to be hydroids.
GRAPTOLITIC
Grap"to*lit`ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as, a graptolitic slate.
GRAPY
Grap"y, a.
Defn: Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
The grapy clusters. Addison.
GRASP
Grasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grasper; p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] Etym:
[OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab,
Grope.]
1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of. Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer's staff. Shak.
2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.
GRASP
Grasp, v. i.
Defn: To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive. As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued. Shak. To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as, Alexander grasped at universal empire,
GRASP
Grasp, n.
1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.
2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as, it was beyond his grasp.
3. Forcible possession; hold. The whole space that's in the tyrant's grasp. Shak.
4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey. The foremost minds of the next . . . era were not, in power of grasp, equal to their predecessors. Z. Taylor.
5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.
GRASPABLE
Grasp"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being grasped.
GRASPER
Grasp"er, n.
Defn: One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.
GRASPING
Grasp"ing, a.
1. Seizing; embracing; catching.
2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as, he is a
grasping man.
— Grasp"ing*ly, adv.
— Grasp"ing*ness, n.
GRASPLESS
Grasp"less, a.
Defn: Without a grasp; relaxed.
From my graspless hand Drop friendship's precious pearls. Coleridge.
GRASS Grass, n. Etym: [OE. gras, gres, gers, AS, qr, g; akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. gr, Sw. gr, and prob. to Z. grcen, grow. Cf. Graze.]
1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single.
Note: This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.
3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.] Two years old next grass. Lathsm.
4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory. Surely the people is grass. Is. xl. 7.
Note: The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix. Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus-galli. Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species. Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon. Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below). Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis. Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa. Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum. Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchloë dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below). Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc. Chess, or Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc. Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below). Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica. Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below). Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species. English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata. Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides. Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc. Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella. Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum. Herd's grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum. Johnson grass, grazing aud hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis. Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species. Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior. Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species. Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above). Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa. Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata. Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea. Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima. Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens. Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below). Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris. Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia. Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea. Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica. Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass. Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis. Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above). Sheep's fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina. Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis. Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum. Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum. Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense. Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus. Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa. Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans.
Note: Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass, etc. Black grass, a kind of small rush (Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay. — Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.— Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several species. — Grass bass (Zoöl.), the calico bass. — Grass bird, the dunlin. — Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass- cloth plant. — Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family (Boehmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. — Grass finch. (Zoöl.) (a) A common American sparrow (Poöcætes gramineus); — called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus Poëphila, of which several species are known. — Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.— Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled. — Grass moth (Zoöl.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. — Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; — used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc. — Grass owl (Zoöl.), a South African owl (Strix Capensis). — Grass parrakeet (Zoöl.), any of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; — also applied to the zebra parrakeet. — Grass plover (Zoöl.), the upland or field plover. — Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort (Lythrum Hyssopifolia). Johnson. — Crass quit (Zoöl.), one of several tropical American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow.— Grass snake. (Zoöl.) (a) The common English, or ringed, snake (Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green. — Grass snipe (Zoöl.), the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata) — called also jacksnipe in America. — Grass spider (Zoöl.), a common spider (Agelena nævia), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. — Grass sponge (Zoöl.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. — Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. — Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch (Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. — Grass widow. Etym: [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gräsenka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] — Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. — To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. — To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle.
GRASS
Grass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.]
1. To cover with grass or with turf.
2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.
3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as, to grass a fish. [Colloq.]
GRASS
Grass, v. i.
Defn: To produce grass. [R.] Tusser.
GRASSATION
Gras*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.]
Defn: A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.]
Feltham.
GRASS-GREEN
Grass"-green`, a.
1. Green with grass.
2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.
GRASS-GROWN
Grass"-grown`, a.
Defn: Overgrown with grass; as, a grass-grown road.
GRASSHOPPER
Grass"hop`per, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families Acrididæ and Locustidæ. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust (Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged (Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust.
Note: The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the Locustidæ. They have long antennæ, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper (Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.
2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; — called also the hopper. Grove. Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point. — Grasshopper lobster (Zoöl.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] — Grasshopper warbler (Zoöl.), cricket bird.
GRASSINESS
Grass"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Grassy.]
Defn: The state of abounding with grass; a grassy state.
GRASSLESS
Grass"less, a.
Defn: Destitute of grass.
GRASSPLOT
Grass"plot`, n.
Defn: A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this grassplot." Shak.
GRASS TREE Grass" tree". (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrhoea, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian plant (Kingia australis).
GRASSY
Grass"y a.
1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as, a grassy lawn. Spenser.
2. Resembling grass; green.
GRATE
Grate, a. Etym: [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato.
See Grace, and cf. Agree.]
Defn: Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.
GRATE Grate, n. Etym: [LL.. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]
1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.
2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning. Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.
GRATE
Grate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.]
Defn: To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as, to grate a window.
GRATE Grate, v. t. Etym: [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzon G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch.]
1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as, to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing. On their hinges grate Harsh thunder. Milton.
2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as, to grate a nutmeg.
3. To fret; to irritate; to offend. News, my good lord Rome . . . grates me. Shak.
GRATE
Grate, v. i.
1. To make a harsh sound by friction. I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree. Shak.
2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity. This grated harder upon the hearts of men. South.
GRATED
Grat"ed, a. Etym: [From 2d Grate.]
Defn: Furnished with a grate or grating; as, grated windows.
GRATEFUL Grate"ful, a. Etym: [Grate, a. + full; cf. F. gré thanks, good will, fr. L. gratum, neut. of gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.]
1. Having a due sense of benefits received; kindly disposed toward one from whom a favor has been received; willing to acknowledge and repay, or give thanks for, benefits; as, a grateful heart. A grateful mind By owing, owes not, but still pays. Milton.
2. Affording pleasure; pleasing to the senses; gratifying; delicious; as, a grateful present; food grateful to the palate; grateful sleep. Now golden fruits on loaded branches shine, And grateful clusters swell. Pope.
Syn.
— Thankful; pleasing; acceptable; gratifying; agreeable; welcome;
delightful; delicious.
— Grate"ful*ly, adv.
— Grate"ful*ness, n.
GRATER
Grat"er, a. Etym: [From Qrate, v.]
Defn: One who, or that which, grates; especially, an instrument or utensil with a rough, indented surface, for rubbing off small particles of any substance; as a grater for nutmegs.
GRATICULATION Gra*tic"u*la"tion, n. Etym: [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.]
Defn: The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.
GRATICULE
Grat"i*cule, n. Etym: [F. See Graticulation.]
Defn: A design or draught which has been divided into squares, in order to reproduce it in other dimensions.
GRATIFICATION
Grat"i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. gratificatio: cf. F. gratification.]
1. The act of gratifying, or pleasing, either the mind, the taste, or the appetite; as, the gratification of the palate, of the appetites, of the senses, of the desires, of the heart.
2. That which affords pleasure; satisfaction; enjoyment; fruition: delight.
3. A reward; a recompense; a gratuity. Bp. Morton.
GRATIFIED
Grat"i*fied, a.
Defn: Pleased; indulged according to desire.
Syn.
— Glad; pleased. See Glad.
GRATIFIER
Grat"i*fi"er, n.
Defn: One who gratifies or pleases.
GRATIFY
Grat"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gratified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratifying.] Etym: [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -
ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as, to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc. For who would die to gratify a foe Dryden.
2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.] It remains . . . To gratify his noble service. Shak.
Syn. — To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. — To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.
GRATIN
Gra`tin", n. [F.] (Cookery)
Defn: The brown crust formed upon a gratinated dish; also, dish itself, as crusts bread, game, or poultry.
GRATINATE
Grat"i*nate, v. t. [F. gratiner, v.i., to form a crust.] (Cookery)
Defn: To cook, as macaroni, in a savory juice or sauce until juice is absorbed and a crisp surface forms.
GRATING
Grat"ing, n. Etym: [See 2d Grate.]
1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as, the grating of a prison or convent.
2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; — called also diffraction grating.
3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also, a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats.
GRATING
Grat"ing, a. Etym: [See Grate to rub harshy.]
Defn: That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh.
— Grat"ing*ly, adv.
GRATING
Grat"ing, n.
Defn: A harsh sound caused by attrition.
GRATIOLIN
Gra*ti"o*lin, n. (Chem.)
Defn: One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop (Gratiola officinalis).
GRATIS Gra"tis, adv. Etym: [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.]
Defn: For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.
GRATITUDE Grat"i*tude, n. Etym: [F. gratitude, LL. gratitudo, from gratus agreeable, grateful. See Grate, a.]
Defn: The state of being grateful; warm and friendly feeling toward a benefactor; kindness awakened by a favor received; thankfulness. The debt immense of endless gratitude. Milton.
GRATUITOUS
Gra*tu"i*tous a. Etym: [L. gratuitus, from gratus pleasing. See
Grate, a., Gratis.]
1. Given without an equivalent or recompense; conferred without valuable consideration; granted without pay, or without claim or merit; not required by justice. We mistake the gratuitous blessings of Heaven for the fruits of our own industry. L'Estrange.
2. Not called for by the circumstances; without reason, cause, or proof; adopted or asserted without any good ground; as, a gratuitous assumption. Acts of gratuitous self-humiliation. De Quincye. — Gra*tu"i*tous*ly, adv. — Gra*tu"i*tous*ness, n.
GRATUITY Gra*tu"i*ty, n.; pl. Gtratuities. Etym: [F. gratuité, or LL. gratuitas.]
1. Something given freely or without recompense; a free gift; a present. Swift.
2. Something voluntarily given in return for a favor or service, as a recompense or acknowledgment.
GRATULATE
Grat"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grqatulated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gratulating.] Etym: [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to
congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a.]
Defn: To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.
GRATULATE
Grat"u*late, a.
Defn: Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
There's more behind that is more gratulate. Shak.
GRATULATION
Grat"u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gratulatio.]
Defn: The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.
I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. South.
GRATULATORY
Grat"u*la*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. gratulatorius.]
Defn: Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.
The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes. Bp. Horsley.
GRAUNT
Graunt, v. & n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Grant. Chaucer.
GRAUWACKE
Grau"wack*e, n. Etym: [G.]
Defn: Graywacke.
GRAVAMEN
Gra*va"men, n.; pl. L. Gravamina , E. Gravamens. Etym: [L., fr.
gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a.]
(Law)
Defn: The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also, in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.
-GRAVE -grave.
Defn: A final syllable signifying a ruler, as in landgrave, margrave.
See Margrave.
GRAVE
Grave, v. t.
Defn: (Naut.) To clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch; — so called because graves or greaves was formerly used for this purpose.
GRAVE
Grave, a. [Compar. Graver (grav"er); superl. Gravest.] Etym: [F., fr.
L. gravis heavy; cf. It. & Sp. grave heavy, grave. See Grief.]
1. Of great weight; heavy; ponderous. [Obs.] His shield grave and great. Chapman.
2. Of importance; momentous; weighty; influential; sedate; serious; - - said of character, relations, etc.; as, grave deportment, character, influence, etc. Most potent, grave, and reverend seigniors. Shak. A grave and prudent law, full of moral equity. Milton.
3. Not light or gay; solemn; sober; plain; as, a grave color; a grave face.
4. (Mus.) (a) Not acute or sharp; low; deep; — said of sound; as, a
grave note or key.
The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
(b) Slow and solemn in movement. Grave accent. (Pron.) See the Note under Accent, n., 2.
Syn. — Solemn; sober; serious; sage; staid; demure; thoughtful; sedate; weighty; momentous; important. — Grave, Sober, Serious, Solemn. Sober supposes the absence of all exhilaration of spirits, and is opposed to gay or flighty; as, sober thought. Serious implies considerateness or reflection, and is opposed to jocose or sportive; as, serious and important concerns. Grave denotes a state of mind, appearance, etc., which results from the pressure of weighty interests, and is opposed to hilarity of feeling or vivacity of manner; as, a qrave remark; qrave attire. Solemn is applied to a case in which gravity is carried to its highest point; as, a solemn admonition; a solemn promise.
GRAVE Grave, v. t. [imp. Graved (gravd); p. p. Graven (grav"'n) or Graved; p. pr. & vb. n. Graving.] Etym: [AS. grafan to dig, grave, engrave; akin to OFries. greva, D. graven, G. graben, OHG. & Goth. graban, Dan. grabe, Sw. gräfva, Icel. grafa, but prob. not to Gr. gra`fein to write, E. graphic. Cf. Grave, n., Grove, n.]
1. To dig. [Obs.] Chaucer. He hath graven and digged up a pit. Ps. vii. 16 (Book of Common Prayer).
2. To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave. Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel. Ex. xxviii. 9.
3. To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture; as, to grave an image. With gold men may the hearte grave. Chaucer.
4. To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly. O! may they graven in thy heart remain. Prior.
5. To entomb; to bury. [Obs.] Chaucer. Lie full low, graved in the hollow ground. Shak.
GRAVE
Grave, v. i.
Defn: To write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.
GRAVE
Grave, n. Etym: [AS. grf, fr. grafan to dig; akin to D. & OS. graf,
G. grab, Icel. gröf, Russ. grob' grave, coffin. See Grave to carve.]
Defn: An excavation in the earth as a place of burial; also, any
place of interment; a tomb; a sepulcher. Hence: Death; destruction.
He bad lain in the grave four days. John xi. 17.
Grave wax, adipocere.
GRAVECLOTHES
Grave"clothes` (, n. pl.
Defn: The clothes or dress in which the dead are interred.
GRAVEDIGGER
Grave"dig`ger, n.
1. A digger of graves.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.
GRAVEL Grav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gravele, akin to F. grve a sandy shore, strand; of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. grouan gravel, W. gro coarse gravel, pebbles, and Skr. gravan stone.]
1. Small stones, or fragments of stone; very small pebbles, often intermixed with particles of sand.
2. (Med.)
Defn: A deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom. Gravel powder, a coarse gunpowder; pebble powder.
GRAVEL
Grav"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Graveled or Gravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Graveling or Gravelling.]
1. To cover with gravel; as, to gravel a walk.
2. To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand. When we were fallen into a place between two seas, they graveled the ship. Acts xxvii. 41 (Rhemish version). Willam the Conqueror . . . chanced as his arrival to be graveled; and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand that he fell to the ground. Camden.
3. To check or stop; to embarrass; to perplex. [Colloq.] When you were graveled for lack of matter. Shak. The physician was so graveled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say. Sir T. North.
4. To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot.
GRAVELESS
Grave"less, a.
Defn: Without a grave; unburied.
GRAVELING; GRAVELLING
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n.
1. The act of covering with gravel.
2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).
GRAVELING; GRAVELLING
Grav"el*ing, or Grav"el*ling, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.
GRAVELLINESS
Grav"el*li*ness, n.
Defn: State of being gravelly.
GRAVELLY
Grav"el*ly, a.
Defn: Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as, a gravelly soil.
GRAVEL-STONE
Grav"el-stone", n.
Defn: A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.
GRAVELY
Grave"ly, adv.
Defn: In a grave manner.
GRAVEN
Grav"en, p. p. of Grave, v. t.
Defn: Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4.
GRAVENESS
Grave"ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being grave.
His sables and his weeds, Importing health and graveness. Shak.
GRAVENSTEIN Gra"ven*stein", n. Etym: [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.]
Defn: A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.
GRAVEOLENCE
Gra*ve"o*lence, n. Etym: [L. graveolentia: cf. F. gravéolence. See
Graveolent.]
Defn: A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.
GRAVEOLENT Gra*ve"o*lent, a. Etym: [L. graveolens; gravis heavy + olere to smell.]
Defn: Having a rank smell. [R.] Boyle.
GRAVER
Graver, n.
1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.
2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.
GRAVERY
Grav"er*y, n.
Defn: The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
Either of picture or gravery and embossing. Holland.
GRAVES
Graves, n. pl.
Defn: The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.
GRAVES' DISEASE
Graves"' dis*ease". Etym: [So called after Dr. Graves, of Dublin.]
Defn: Same as Basedow's disease.
GRAVESTONE
Grave"stone, n.
Defn: A stone laid over, or erected near, a grave, usually with an inscription, to preserve the memory of the dead; a tombstone.
GRAVEYARD
Grave"yard", n.
Defn: A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.
GRAVIC
Grav"ic, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as, gravic forces; gravic attraction. [R.]
GRAVID Grav"id, a. Etym: [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a.]
Defn: Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as, a gravid uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.
GRAVIDATED Grav"i*da"ted, a. Etym: [L. gravidatus, p. p. of gravidare to load, impregnate. See Gravid.]
Defn: Made pregnant; big. [Obs.] Barrow.
GRAVIDATION
Grav"i*da"tion, n.
Defn: Gravidity. [Obs.]
GRAVIDITY
Gra*vid"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. graviditas.]
Defn: The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]
GRAVIGRADE
Grav"i*grade, a. Etym: [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Slow-paced.
— n.
Defn: One of the pachyderms.
GRAVIMETER Gra*vim"e*ter, n. Etym: [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F. gravimètre.]
Defn: (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.
GRAVIMETRIC
Grav"i*met"ric, a. (Chem.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight. — Grav"i*met"ric*al*ly, adv. Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the coastituents are determined by weight; — in distinction from volumetric analysis.
GRAVING
Grav"ing, n. Etym: [From Grave to clean.]
Defn: The act of cleaning a ship's bottom. Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.
GRAVING
Grav"ing, n. Etym: [From Grave to dig.]
l.
Defn: The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved. [R.] Skillful to . . . grave any manner of graving. 2 Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart. New gravings upon their souls. Eikon Basilike
GRAVITATE
Grav"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gravitated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gravitating.] Etym: [Cf. F. graviter. See Gravity.]
Defn: To obey the law of gravitation; to exert a force Or pressure, or tend to move, under the influence of gravitation; to tend in any direction or toward any object. Why does this apple fall to the ground Because all bodies gravitate toward each other. Sir W. Hamilton. Politicians who naturally gravitate towards the stronger party. Macaulay.
GRAVITATION
Grav"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gravitation. See Gravity.]
1. The act of gravitating.
2. (Pysics) That species of attraction or force by which all bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend toward each other; called also attraction of gravitation, universal gravitation, and universal gravity. See Attraction, and Weight. Law of gravitatian, that law in accordance with which gravitation acts, namely, that every two bodies or portions of matter in the universe attract each other with a force proportional directly to the quantity of matter they contain, and inversely to the squares of their distances.
GRAVITATIONAL
Grav`i*tation*al, a. (Physics)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the force of gravity; as, gravitational units.
GRAVITATIVE
Gravi*ta*tive, a.
Defn: Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. Coleridge.
GRAVITY Grav"i*ty, n.; pl. Gravities. Etym: [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy; cf. F. gravité. See Grave, a., Grief.]
1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as, the gravity of lead.
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning."Shak.
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as, the gravity of an offense. They derive an importance from . . . the gravity of the place where they were uttered. Burke.
4. (Physics)
Defn: The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.)
Defn: Lowness of tone; — opposed to acuteness. Center of gravity See under Center. — Gravity battery, See Battery, n., 4. — Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.
GRAVY Gra"vy, n; pl. Gravies. Etym: [OE. greavie; prob. fr. greaves, graves, the sediment of melted tallow. See Greaves.]
1. The juice or other liquid matter that drips from flesh in cooking, made into a dressing for the food when served up.
2. Liquid dressing for meat, fish, vegetables, etc.
GRAY
Gray, a. [Compar. Grayer (; superl. Grayest.] Etym: [OE. gray, grey,
AS. grg, grg; akin to D. graauw OHG. gro, G. grau, Dan. graa, Dw. gr,
Icel. grdr.] [Written also grey.]
1. White mixed with black, as the color of pepper and salt, or of ashes, or of hair whitened by age; sometimes, a dark mixed color; as, the soft gray eye of a dove. These gray and dun colors may be also produced by mixing whites and blacks. Sir I. Newton.
2. Gray-haired; gray-headed; of a gray color; hoary.
3. Old; mature; as, gray experience. Ames. Gray antimony (Min.),
stibnite.
— Gray buck (Zoöl.), the chickara.
— Gray cobalt (Min.), smaltite.
— Gray copper (Min.), tetrahedrite.
— Gray duck (Zoöl.), the gadwall; also applied to the female
mallard.
— Gray falcon (Zoöl.) the peregrine falcon.
— Gray Friar. See Franciscan, and Friar.
— Gray hen (Zoöl.), the female of the blackcock or black grouse.
See Heath grouse.
— Gray mill or millet (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus
Lithospermum; gromwell.
— Gray mullet (Zoöl.) any one of the numerous species of the genus
Mugil, or family Mugilidæ, found both in the Old World and America;
as the European species (M. capito, and M. auratus), the American
striped mullet (M. albula), and the white or silver mullet (M.
Braziliensis). See Mullet.
— Gray owl (Zoöl.), the European tawny or brown owl (Syrnium
aluco). The great gray owl (Ulula cinerea) inhabits arctic America.
— Gray parrot (Zoöl.), a parrot (Psittacus erithacus), very
commonly domesticated, and noted for its aptness in learning to talk.
— Gray pike. (Zoöl.) See Sauger.
— Gray snapper (Zoöl.), a Florida fish; the sea lawyer. See
Snapper.
— Gray snipe (Zoöl.), the dowitcher in winter plumage.
— Gray whale (Zoöl.), a rather large and swift California whale
(Rhachianectes glaucus), formerly taken in large numbers in the bays;
— called also grayback, devilfish, and hardhead.
GRAY
Gray, n.
1. A gray color; any mixture of white and black; also, a neutral or whitish tint.
2. An animal or thing of gray color, as a horse, a badger, or a kind of salmon. Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. That coats thy life, my gallant gray. Sir W. Scott.
GRAYBACK Gray"back`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse.
GRAYBEARD
Gray"beard`, n.
Defn: An old man. Shak.
GRAYFLY
Gray"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The trumpet fly. Milton.
GRAYHOUND
Gray"hound` (-hound`), n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Greyhound.
GRAYISH
Gray"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat gray.
GRAYLAG
Gray"lag`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The common wild gray goose (Anser anser) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose.
GRAYLING
Gray"ling, n. Etym: [From Gray, a.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European fish (Thymallus vulgaris), allied to the trout, but having a very broad dorsal fin; — called also umber. It inhabits cold mountain streams, and is valued as a game fish. And here and there a lusty trout, And here and there a grayling. Tennyson.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An American fish of the genus Thymallus, having similar habits to the above; one species (T. Ontariensis), inhabits several streams in Michigan; another (T. montanus), is found in the Yellowstone region.
GRAYNESS
Gray"ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being gray.
GRAYSTONE
Gray"stone`, n. (Geol.)
Defn: A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.
GRAYWACKE
Gray"wacke`, n. Etym: [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See
Gray, and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.)
Defn: A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles sand firmly united together.
Note: This term, derved from the grauwacke of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.
GRAZE
Graze, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Grazed (p. pr. & vb. n. Grazing.]
Etym: [OE. grasen, AS. grasian, fr. grs grass. See Grass.]
1. To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for. A field or two to graze his cows. Swift.
2. To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture); to browse. The lambs with wolves shall graze the verdant mead. Pope.
3. To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing. When Jacob grazed his uncle Laban's sheep. Shak.
4. To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing; as, the bullet grazed the wall.
GRAZE
Graze, v. i.
1. To eat grass; to feed on growing herbage; as, cattle graze on the meadows.
2. To yield grass for grazing. The ground cortinueth the wet, whereby it will never graze to purpose. Bacon.
3. To touch something lightly in passing.
GRAZE
Graze, n.
1. The act of grazing; the cropping of grass. [Colloq.] Turning him out for a grace on the common. T. Hughes.
2. A light touch; a slight scratch.
GRAZER
Graz"er, n.
Defn: One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or
herbage.
The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want.
J. Philips.
GRAZIER
Gra"zier, n.
Defn: One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
The inhabitants be rather . . . graziers than plowmen. Stow.
GRAZING
Graz"ing, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.
2. A pasture; growing grass.
GRAZIOSO
Gra"zi*o"so, adv. Etym: [It., adj. See Gracious.] (Mus.)
Defn: Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.
GRE
Gre, n.
Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
GRE
Gre, n.
Defn: See Gree, good will. [Obs.]
GREASE
Grease (gres), n. Etym: [OE. grese, grece, F. graisse; akin to gras
fat, greasy, fr. LL. grassus thick, fat, gross, L. crassus. Cf.
Crass.]
1. Animal fat, as tallow or lard, especially when in a soft state; oily or unctuous matter of any kind.
2. (Far.)
Defn: An inflammation of a horse's heels, suspending the ordinary greasy secretion of the part, and producing dryness and scurfiness, followed by cracks, ulceration, and fungous excrescences. Grease bush. (Bot.) Same as Grease wood (below). — Grease moth (Zoöl.), a pyralid moth (Aglossa pinguinalis) whose larva eats greasy cloth, etc. — Grease wood (Bot.), a scraggy, stunted, and somewhat prickly shrub (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) of the Spinach family, very abundant in alkaline valleys from the upper Missouri to California. The name is also applied to other plants of the same family, as several species of Atriplex and Obione.
GREASE
Grease, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greased (grezd or gresd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Greasing.]
1. To smear, anoint, or daub, with grease or fat; to lubricate; as, to grease the wheels of a wagon.
2. To bribe; to corrupt with presents. The greased advocate that grinds the poor. Dryden.
3. To cheat or cozen; to overreach. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
4. (Ear.) To affect (a horse) with grease, the disease. To grease in the hand, to corrupt by bribes. Usher.
GREASE COCK; GREASE CUP
Grease cock or cup . (Mach.)
Defn: A cock or cup containing grease, to serve as a lubricator.
GREASER
Greas"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, greases; specifically, a person employed to lubricate the working parts of machinery, engines, carriages, etc.
2. A nickname sometimes applied in contempt to a Mexican of the lowest type. [Low, U. S.]
GREASILY
Greas"i*ly
Defn: , adv.
1. In a greasy manner.
2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.] You talk greasily; your lips grow foul. Shak.
GREASINESS
Greas"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.
GREASY
Greas"y, a. Etym: [Compar. Greasier (
1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as, a greasy dish.
2. Smeared or defiled with grease. With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers. Shak.
3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.
4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.
5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.
6. (Far.)
Defn: Affected with the disease called grease; as, the heels of a horse. See Grease, n., 2.
GREAT
Great, a. [Compar. Greater (; superl. Greatest.] Etym: [OE. gret,
great, AS. gret; akin to OS. & LG. grt, D. groot, OHG. grz, G. gross.
Cf. Groat the coin.]
1. Large in space; of much size; big; immense; enormous; expanded; — opposed to small and little; as, a great house, ship, farm, plain, distance, length.
2. Large in number; numerous; as, a great company, multitude, series, etc.
3. Long continued; lengthened in duration; prolonged in time; as, a great while; a great interval.
4. Superior; admirable; commanding; — applied to thoughts, actions, and feelings.
5. Endowed with extraordinary powers; uncommonly gifted; able to accomplish vast results; strong; powerful; mighty; noble; as, a great hero, scholar, genius, philosopher, etc.
6. Holding a chief position; elevated: lofty: eminent; distingushed; formost; principal; as, great men; the great seal; the great marshal, etc. He doth object I am too great of birth. Shak.
7. Entitled to earnest consideration; weighty; important; as, a great argument, truth, or principle.
8. Pregnant; big (with young). The ewes great with young. Ps. lxxviii. 71.
9. More than ordinary in degree; very considerable in degree; as, to use great caution; to be in great pain. We have all Great cause to give great thanks. Shak.
10. (Genealogy) Older, younger, or more remote, by single generation; — often used before grand to indicate one degree more remote in the direct line of de scent; as, great-grandfather (a grandfather's or a grand- mother's father), great-grandson, etc. Great bear (Astron.), the constellation Ursa Major. — Great cattle (Law), all manner of cattle except sheep and yearlings. Wharton. — Great charter (Eng. Hist.), Magna Charta. — Great circle of a sphere, a circle the plane of which passes through the center of the sphere. — Great circle sailing, the process or art of conducting a ship on a great circle of the globe or on the shortest arc between two places. — Great go, the final examination for a degree at the University of Oxford, England; — called also greats. T. Hughes. — Great guns. (Naut.) See under Gun. — The Great Lakes the large fresh-water lakes (Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario) which lie on the northern borders of the United States. — Great master. Same as Grand master, under Grand. — Great organ (Mus.), the largest and loudest of the three parts of a grand organ (the others being the choir organ and the swell, and sometimes the pedal organ or foot keys), It is played upon by a separate keyboard, which has the middle position. — The great powers (of Europe), in modern diplomacy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Russia, and Italy. — Great primer. See under Type. — Great scale (Mus.), the complete scale; — employed to designate the entire series of musical sounds from lowest to highest. — Great sea, the Mediterranean sea. In Chaucer both the Black and the Mediterranean seas are so called. — Great seal. (a) The principal seal of a kingdom or state. (b) In Great Britain, the lord chancellor (who is custodian of this seal); also, his office. — Great tithes. See under Tithes. — The great, the eminent, distinguished, or powerful. — The Great Spirit, among the North American Indians, their chief or principal deity. — To be great (with one), to be intimate or familiar (with him). Bacon.
GREAT
Great, n.
Defn: The whole.; the gross; as, a contract to build a ship by the great.
GREAT-BELLIED
Great"-bel`lied, a.
Defn: Having a great belly, bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.
GREATCOAT
Great"coat", n.
Defn: An overcoat.
GREATEN
Great"en, v. t.
Defn: To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to
expand. [R.]
A minister's [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]. Ken.
GREATEN
Great"en, v. i.
Defn: To become large; to dilate. [R.]
My blue eyes greatening in the looking-glass. Mrs. Browning.
GREAT-GRANDCHILD
Great"-grand"child`, n.
Defn: The child of one's grandson or granddaughter.
GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER
Great"-grand"daugh`ter, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]
Defn: A daughter of one's grandson or granddaughter.
GREAT-GRANDFATHER
Great"-grand"fa`ther, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]
Defn: The father of one's grandfather or grandmother.
GREAT-GRANDMOTHER
Great"-grand"moth`er, n.
Defn: The mother of one's grandfather or grandmother.
GREAT-GRANDSON
Great"-grand"son`, n. Etym: [See Great, 10.]
Defn: A son of one's grandson or granddaughter.
GREAT-HEARTED
Great"-heart`ed, a.
1. High-spirited; fearless. [Obs.] Clarendon.
2. Generous; magnanimous; noble.
GREAT-HEARTEDNESS
Great"-heart`ed*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.
GREATLY
Great"ly, adv.
1. In a great degree; much. I will greatly multiply thy sorrow. Gen. iii. 16.
2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously. By a high fate thou greatly didst expire. Dryden.
GREATNESS
Great"ness, n. Etym: [AS. greátnes.]
1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as, greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.
2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships. Bacon.
GREAT WHITE WAY
Great White Way.
Defn: Broadway, in New York City, in the neighborhood chiefly occupied by theaters, as from about 30th Street about 50th Street; — so called from its brilliant illumination at night.
GREAVE
Greave, n.
Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.
GREAVE
Greave, n. Etym: [OF. greees; cf. Sp. grevas.]
Defn: Armor for the leg below the knee; — usually in the plural.
GREAVE
Greave, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greaved (grevd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Greaving.] Etym: [From Greaves.] (Naut.)
Defn: To clean (a ship's bottom); to grave.
GREAVES Greaves (grevz), n. pl. Etym: [Cf. dial. Sw. grevar greaves, LG. greven, G. griebe, also AS. greofa pot. Cf. Gravy.]
Defn: The sediment of melted tallow. It is made into cakes for dogs' food. In Scotland it is called cracklings. [Written also graves.]
GREBE Grebe (greb), n. Etym: [F. grbe, fr. Armor. krib comb; akin to kriben crest, W. crib comb, crest. So called in allusion to the crest of one species.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several swimming birds or divers, of the genus Colymbus (formerly Podiceps), aud allied genera, found in the northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.
GRECIAN
Gre"cian", a. Etym: [Cf. Greek.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] — Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.
GRECIAN
Gre"cian, n.
1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.
2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1.
Note: The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.
6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.
GRECISM
Gre"cism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grécisme.]
Defn: An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison.
GRECIZE
Gre"cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grecized; p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.]
Etym: [Cf. F. gréciser.]
1. To render Grecian; also, to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as, the name is Grecized. T. Warton.
2. To translate into Greek.
GRECIZE; GRECIANIZE
Gre"cize, Gre"cian*ize (, v. i.
Defn: To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.
GRECO-ROMAN
Gre"co-Ro"man, a.
Defn: Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as, Greco-Roman architecture.
GRECQUE
Grecque (grêk), n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander,
GREE
Gree, n. Etym: [F. gré. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]
1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; — used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer. Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke. Fairfax.
2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. He is a shepherd great in gree. Spnser.
3. The prize; the honor of the day; as, to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
GREE
Gree, v. i. Etym: [From Agree.]
Defn: To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.
GREE
Gree, n.; pl. Grees (grez); obs. plurals Greece (gres) Grice (grs or
grs), Grise, Grize (grz or grz), etc. Etym: [OF. gré, F. grade. See
Grade.]
Defn: A step.
GREECE
Greece, n. pl.
Defn: See Gree a step. [Obs.]
GREED Greed, n. Etym: [Akin to Goth. grdus hunger, Icel. graedhr. sq. root34. See Greedy.]
Defn: An eager desire or longing; greediness; as, a greed of gain.
GREEDILY
Greed"i*ly
Defn: , adv. In a greedy manner.
GREEDINESS
Greed"i*ness, n. Etym: [AS grdignes.]
Defn: The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.
Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. Shak.
Syn.— Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.
GREEDY Greed"y, a. [Compar. Greedier (-î-er); superl. Greediest.] Etym: [OE. gredi, AS. grdig, grdig; akin to D. gretig, OS. grdag, OHG. grtag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grdig, Icel. graugr, Goth. grdags greedy, grdn to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]
1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; — followed by of; as, a lion that is greedy of his prey.
2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as, greedy of gain.
GREEDY-GUT
Greed"y-gut", n.
Defn: A glutton. [Low] Todd.
GREEGREE; GRIGRI
Gree"gree", Gri"gri", n.
Defn: An African talisman or Gri'gri' charm. A greegree man, an
African magician or fetich priest.
GREEK
Greek, a. Etym: [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. : cf. F. grec. Cf.
Grecian.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. — Greek Church (Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. — Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. — Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. — Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. — Greek rose, the flower campion.
GREEK
Greek, n.
1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also, the language of Greece.
2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang] Without a confederate the . . . game of baccarat does not . . . offer many chances for the Greek. Sat. Rev.
3. Something unintelligible; as, it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]
GREEK CALENDAR
Greek calendar.
1. Any of various calendars used by the ancient Greek states. The Attic calendar divided the year into twelve months of 29 and 30 days, as follows:
1. Hecatombæon (July-Aug.). 2. Metageitnion (Aug.-Sept.). 3.
Boëdromion (Sept.-Oct.). 4. Pyanepsion (Oct.-Nov.). 5. Mæmacterion
(Nov.-Dec.). 6. Poseideon (Dec.-Jan.). 7. Gamelion (Jan.-Feb.). 8.
Anthesterion (Feb.-Mar.). 9. Elaphebolion (Mar.-Apr.). 10. Munychion
(Apr.-May). 11. Thargelion (May-June). 12. Scirophorion (June-July).
A fixed relation to the seasons was maintained by introducing an intercalary month, "the second Poseideon," at first in an inexact way, afterward in years 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19 of the Metonic cycle. Dates were reckoned in Olympiads.
2. The Julian calendar, used in the Greek Church.
GREEK CALENDS; GREEK KALENDS
Greek calends or kalends.
Defn: A time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.
GREEKESS
Greek"ess, n.
Defn: A female Greek. [R.]
GREEKISH
Greek"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. AS. Grecisc.]
Defn: Peculiar to Greece.
GREEKLING
Greek"ling, n.
Defn: A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B.
Jonson.
GREEN
Green, a. [Compar. Greener (; superl. Greenest.] Etym: [OE. grene,
AS. grne; akin to D. groen, OS. grni, OHG. gruoni, G. grn, Dan. & Sw.
grn, Icel. grnn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]
1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.
2. Having a sickly color; wan. To look so green and pale. Shak.
3. Full of life aud vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as, a green manhood; a green wound. As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against . . . the greenest usurpation. Burke.
4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as, green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.
5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.] We say the meat is green when half roasted. L. Watts.
6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as, green in years or judgment. I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs. Sir W. Scott.
7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as, green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub (Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; — called also cat brier. — Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock. — Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab (Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; — in New England locally named joe-rocker. — Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. — Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. — Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant (Arisæma Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; — called also dragon root. — Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; — called also mountain green. — Green ebony. (a) A south American tree (Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. — Green fire (Pyrotech.), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. — Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. — Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. — Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennæ. — Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] — Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodioei, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. — Green iron ore (Min.) dufrenite. — Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed (Ulva latissima); — called also green sloke. — Green lead ore (Min.), pyromorphite. — Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch. — Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm. — Green marble (Min.), serpentine. — Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. — Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. — Green salt of Magnus (Old Chem.), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. — Green sand (Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. — Green sea (Naut.), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel's deck. — Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. — Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes (Cyclophis vernalis, and C. æstivus). They are bright green in color. — Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. — Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) (Min.) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. — Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. — Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker (Picus viridis); — called also yaffle.
GREEN
Green (gren), n.
1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.
2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as, the village green. O'er the smooth enameled green. Milton.
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; — usually in the plural. In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers. Pope.
4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.
5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; — called also Helvetia green.— Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. — Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. — Brunswick green an oxychloride of copper. — Chrome green. See under Chrome. — Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; - - called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). — Gaignet's green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. — Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; — called also light-green. — Mineral green. See under Mineral. — Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. — Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; — called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. — Scheele's green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; — called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.
GREEN
Green, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n.
Greening.]
Defn: To make green.
Great spring before Greened all the year. Thomson.
GREEN
Green, v. i.
Defn: To become or grow green. Tennyson.
By greening slope and singing flood. Whittier.
GREENBACK
Green"back", n.
Defn: One of the legal tender notes of the United States; — first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.
GREENBACKER
Green"back"er, n.
Defn: One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]
GREENBONE Green"bone, n. Etym: [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any garfish (Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.
GREEN-BROOM
Green"-broom`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Genista (G. tinctoria); dyer's weed; — called also greenweed.
GREENCLOTH
Green"cloth` (-klôth`; 115), n.
Defn: A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign's household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gatees.
GREENERY
Green"er*y, n.
Defn: Green plants; verdure. A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery. J. Ingelow.
GREEN-EYED
Green"-eyed, a.
1. Having green eyes.
2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.
GREENFINCH
Green"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)
1. A European finch (Ligurinus chloris); — called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.
2. The Texas sparrow (Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.
GREENFISH
Green"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Bluefish, and Pollock.
GREENGAGE
Green"gage`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: A kind of plum of medium size, roundish shape, greenish flesh, and delicious flavor. It is called in France Reine Claude, after the queen of Francis I. See Gage.
GREENGILL
Green"gill`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An oyster which has the gills tinged with a green pigment, said to be due to an abnormal condition of the blood.
GREENGROCER
Green"gro`cer, n.
Defn: A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.
GREENHEAD Green"head`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass.
GREENHEAD; GREENHOOD
Green"head, Green"hood, n.
Defn: A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.
GREENHORN
Green"horn`, n.
Defn: A raw, inexperienced person; one easily imposed upon. W.
Irving.
GREENHOUSE
Green"house`, n.
Defn: A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.
GREENING
Green"ing, n.
Defn: A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.
GREENISH
Green"ish, a.
Defn: Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as, a greenish yellow.
— Green"ish*ness, n.
GREENLANDER
Green"land*er, n.
Defn: A native of Greenland.
GREEN-LEEK
Green"-leek`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: An Australian parrakeet (Polytelis Barrabandi); — called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.
GREENLET
Green"let, n.
Defn: l. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue-headed (Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love (V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet (V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet (V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.
2. (Zoöl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.
GREENLY
Green"ly, adv.
Defn: With a green color; newly; freshly, immaturely.
— a.
Defn: Of a green color. [Obs.]
GREENNESS
Green"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grnnes. See Green.]
1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as, the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.
2. Freshness; vigor; newness.
3. Immaturity; unripeness; as, the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as, the greenness of youth.
GREENOCKITE
Green"ock*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Lord Greenock.] (Min.)
Defn: Native cadmium sulphide, a mineral occurring in yellow hexagonal crystals, also as an earthy incrustation.
GREENROOM
Green"room` (gren"room`), n.
Defn: The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.
GREENSAND
Green"sand` (-s, n. (Geol.)
Defn: A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime.
Note: Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.
GREENSHANK
Green"shank`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A European sandpiper or snipe (Totanus canescens); — called also greater plover.
GREEN-STALL
Green"-stall`, n.
Defn: A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.
GREENSTONE Green"stone` (gren"ston`), n. Etym: [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.)
Defn: A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.
GREENSWARD
Green"sward` (-sward') n.
Defn: Turf green with grass.
GREENTH
Greenth (grenth), n. Etym: [Cf. Growth.]
Defn: The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]
The greenth of summer. G. Eliot.
GREENWEED
Green"weed`, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Greenbroom.
GREENWOOD
Green"wood`, n.
Defn: A forest as it appears is spring and summer.
GREENWOOD
Green"wood`, a.
Defn: Pertaining to a greenwood; as, a greenwood shade. Dryden.
GREET
Greet, a.
Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GREET Greet, v. i. Etym: [OE. greten, AS. grtan, grlan; akin to Icel. grata, Sw. gita, Dan. grde, Goth. grctan; cf. Skr. hrd to sound, roar. sq. root50.]
Defn: To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.
GREET
Greet, n.
Defn: Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.
GREET
Greet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] Etym:
[OE. greten, AS. grtan to address, approach; akin to OS. gr, LG
gröten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. grüssen.]
1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token. My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you. Shak.
2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad. In vain the spring my senses greets. Addison.
3. To accost; to address. Pope.
GREET
Greet, v. i.
Defn: To meet and give salutations.
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace.
Shak.
GREET
Greet, n.
Defn: Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.
GREETER
Greet"er, n.
Defn: One who greets or salutes another.
GREETER
Greet"er, n.
Defn: One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]
GREETING
Greet"ing, n.
Defn: Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent. Write to him . . . gentle adieus and greetings. Shak.
Syn.
— Salutation; salute; compliment.
GREEVE
Greeve, n.
Defn: See Grieve, an overseer.
GREEZE
Greeze, n.
Defn: A step. See Gree, a step. [Obs.]
The top of the ladder, or first greeze, is this. Latimer.
GREFFIER Gref"fi*er, n. Etym: [F., from LL. grafarius, graphiarius, fr. L. graphium, a writing style; cf. F. greffe a record office. See Graft, and cf. Graffer.]
Defn: A registrar or recorder; a notary. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
GREGAL
Gre"gal, a. Etym: [L. gregalis, fr. grex, gregis, herd.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or like, a flock.
For this gregal conformity there is an excuse. W. S. Mayo.
GREGARIAN
Gre*ga"ri*an, a.
Defn: Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common.
[Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.
GREGARINE; GREGARINAE Greg`a*ri"nae, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are amoebiform; — called also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.
GREGARINE
Greg"a*rine, a. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gregarinæ.
— n.
Defn: One of the Gregarinæ.
GREGARINIDA
Greg`a*rin"i*da
Defn: Gregarinæ.
GREGARIOUS
Gre*ga"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf.
Gr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.]
Defn: Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to
flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone.
Burke.
No birds of prey are gregarious. Ray.
— Gre*ga"ri*ous*ly, adv.
— Gre-ga'ri-ous-ness, n.
GREGE; GREGGE
Grege, Greg"ge (, v. t. Etym: [OE. gregier to burden.]
Defn: To make heavy; to increase. [Obs.] Wyclif.
GREGGOE; GREGO Greg"goe, Gre"go, n. Etym: [Prob. fr, It. Greco Greek, or Sp. Griego, or Pg. Grego.]
Defn: A short jacket or cloak, made of very thick, coarse cloth, with a hood attached, worn by the Greeks and others in the Levant. [Written also griego.]
GREGORIAN Gre*go"ri*an, a. Etym: [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. grégorien.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). — Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. — Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. — Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. — Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 aud not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n., 7.
GREILLADE
Greil"lade, n. (Metal.)
Defn: Iron ore in coarse powder, prepared for reduction by the
Catalan process.
GREISEN
Grei"sen, n. (Min.)
Defn: A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.
GREIT
Greit, v. i.
Defn: See Greet, to weep.
GREITH Greith, v. t. Etym: [Icel. grcta: cf. AS. gerdan to arrange; pref. ge- + r ready. Cf. Ready.]
Defn: To make ready; — often used reflexively. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GREITH
Greith, n. Etym: [Icel. grcii. See Greith, v.]
Defn: Goods; furniture. [Obs.]
Note: See Graith.
GREMIAL
Gre"mi*al, a. Etym: [L. gremium lap, bosom.]
Defn: Of or pertaining to the lap or bosom. [R.]
GREMIAL
Gre"mi*al, n.
1. A bosom friend. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. (Ecol.)
Defn: A cloth, often adorned with gold or silver lace, placed on the bishop's lap while he sits in celebrating mass, or in ordaining priests.
GRENADE Gre*nade", n. Etym: [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblanse of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.)
Defn: A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.
GRENADIER
Gren`a*dier", n. Etym: [F. grenadier. See Grenade.]
1. (Mil.)
Defn: Originaly, a soldier who carried and threw grenades; afterward, one of a company attached to each regiment or battalion, taking post on the right of the line, and wearing a peculiar uniform. In modern times, a member of a special regiment or corps; as, a grenadier of the guard of Napoleon I. one of the regiment of Grenadier Guards of the British army, etc.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any marine fish of the genus Macrurus, in which the body and tail taper to a point; they mostly inhabit the deep sea; — called also onion fish, and rat-tail fish.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A bright-colored South African grosbeak (Pyromelana orix), having the back red and the lower parts black.
GRENADILLO
Gren`a*dil"lo, n. Etym: [Sp. granadillo.]
Defn: A handsome tropical American wood, much used for making flutes and other wind instruments; — called also Grenada cocos, or cocus, and red ebony.
GRENADINE
Gren`a*dine", n. Etym: [F.]
1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women's wear.
2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.
GRENADO
Gre*na"do, n.
Defn: Same as Grenade.
GRENE
Grene, a.
Defn: Green. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRES
Gres, n.
Defn: Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRESSORIAL; GRESSORIOUS Gres*so"ri*al, Gres*so"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.)
Defn: Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.
GRET; GRETE
Gret, Grete (, a.
Defn: Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRETTO
Gret"to, obs.
Defn: imp. of Greet, to salute.
GREVE
Greve, n.
Defn: A grove. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GREW
Grew,
Defn: imp. of Grow.
GREWSOME; GRUESOME
Grew"some
Defn: , Grue"some, a. Etym: [From a word akin to Dan. gru horror, terror + -some; cf. D. gruwzaam, G. grausam. Cf. Grisly.]
Defn: Ugly; frightful.
Grewsome sights of war. C. Kingsley.
GREY
Grey, a.
Defn: See Gray (the correct orthography).
GREYHOUND
Grey"hound`, n. Etym: [OE. graihund, greihound, greahund, grihond,
Icel. greyhundr; grey greyhound + hundr dog; cf. AS. grghund. The
origin of the first syllable is unknown.]
Defn: A slender, graceful breed of dogs, remarkable for keen sight and swiftness. It is one of the oldest varieties known, and is figured on the Egyptian monuments. [Written also grayhound.]
GREYLAG
Grey"lag`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Graylag.
GRIBBLE
Grib"ble, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small marine isopod crustacean (Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.
GRICE
Grice, n. Etym: [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. grss,
Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr. , Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise,
Griskin.]
Defn: A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]
GRICE
Grice, n.
Defn: See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
GRID
Grid, n.
Defn: A grating of thin parallel bars, similar to a gridiron.
GRIDDLE
Grid"dle, n. Etym: [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf.
W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I
burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]
1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.
2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.
GRIDDLECAKE
Grid"dle*cake`, n.
Defn: A cake baked or fried on a griddle, esp. a thin batter cake, as of buckwheat or common flour.
GRIDE
Gride, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] Etym:
[For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and
cf. Grid to strike, sneer.]
Defn: To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as, the griding sword. Milton. That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride. Spenser.
GRIDE
Gride, n.
Defn: A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating. The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone. Whittier.
GRIDELIN
Grid"e*lin, n. Etym: [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.]
Defn: A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.
GRIDIRON
Grid"i`ron, n. Etym: [OE. gredire, gredirne, from tthe same source as
E. griddle, but the ending wass confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]
1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.
2. (Naut.)
Defn: An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs. 3. (Sport)
Defn: A football field. Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. — Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.
GRIEF
Grief, n. Etym: [OE. grief, gref, OF. grief, gref, F. grief, L.
gravis heavy; akin to Gr. , Skr. guru, Goth. karus. Cf. Barometer,
Grave, a., Grieve, Gooroo.]
1. Pain of mind on account of something in the past; mental suffering arising from any cause, as misfortune, loss of friends, misconduct of one's self or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. The mother was so afflicted at the loss of a fine boy, . . . that she died for grief of it. Addison.
2. Cause of sorrow or pain; that which afficts or distresses; trial; grievance. Be factious for redress of all these griefs. Shak.
3. Physical pain, or a cause of it; malady. [R.] This grief (cancerous ulcers) hastened the end of that famous mathematician, Mr. Harriot. Wood. To come to grief, to meet with calamity, accident, defeat, ruin, etc., causing grief; to turn out badly. [Colloq.]
Syn. — Affiction; sorrow; distress; sadness; trial; grievance. Grief, Sorrow, Sadness. Sorrow is the generic term; grief is sorrow for some definite cause — one which commenced, at least, in the past; sadness is applied to a permanent mood of the mind. Sorrow is transient in many cases; but the grief of a mother for the loss of a favorite child too often turns into habitual sadness. "Grief is sometimes considered as synonymous with sorrow; and in this case we speak of the transports of grief. At other times it expresses more silent, deep, and painful affections, such as are inspired by domestic calamities, particularly by the loss of friends and relatives, or by the distress, either of body or mind, experienced by those whom we love and value." Cogan.See Affliction.
GRIEFFUL
Grief"ful, a.
Defn: Full of grief or sorrow. Sackvingle.
GRIEFLESS
Grief"less, a.
Defn: Without grief. Huloet.
GRIEGO
Grie"go, n.
Defn: See Greggoe.
GRIEVABLE
Griev"a*ble, a.
Defn: Lamentable. [Obs.]
GRIEVANCE
Griev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. grcvance. See Grieve, v. t.]
1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.
2. Grieving; grief; affliction. The . . . grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked. Milton.
Syn.
— Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.
GRIEVANCER
Griev"an*cer, n.
Defn: One who occasions a grievance; one who gives ground for
complaint. [Obs.]
Petition . . . against the bishops as grand grievancers. Fuller.
GRIEVE; GREEVE
Grieve, Greeve, n. Etym: [AS. ger. Cf. Reeve an officer.]
Defn: A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work; a reeve; a manorial bailiff. [Scot.] Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve. Sir W. Scott.
GRIEVE
Grieve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grieved; p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] Etym:
[OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr.
gravis heavy. See Grief.]
1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to affect; to hurt; to try. Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. Eph. iv. 30. The maidens grieved themselves at my concern. Cowper,
2. To sorrow over; as, to grieve one's fate. [R.]
GRIEVE
Grieve, v. i.
Defn: To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; — often followed by at, for, or over. Do not you grieve at this. Shak.
GRIEVER
Griev"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, grieves.
GRIEVING
Griev"ing, a.
Defn: Sad; sorrowful; causing grief.
— n.
Defn: The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved.
— Griev'ing-ly, adv. Shak.
GRIEVOUS
Griev"ous, a. Etym: [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]
1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear;
offensive; harmful.
The famine was grievous in the land. Gen. xii. 10.
The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight. Gen. xxi 11.
2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as, a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.
3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction;
as, a grievous cry.
— Griev"ous*ly, adv.
— Griev"ous*ness, n.
GRIFF
Griff, n. Etym: [Cf. Gripe.]
1. Grasp; reach. [Obs.] A vein of gold ore within one spade's griff. Holland.
2. Etym: [Cf. F. griffe, G. griff, prop., a grasping.] (Weaving)
Defn: An arrangement of parallel bars for lifting the hooked wires which raise the warp threads in a loom for weaving figured goods. Knight.
GRIFFE
Griffe, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also, a mulatto.
[Local, U. S.]
GRIFFIN
Grif"fin, n.
Defn: An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H.
Kingsley.
GRIFFIN; GRIFFON Grif"fin, Grif"fon, n. Etym: [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr.
1. (Myth.)
Defn: A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.
2. (Her.)
Defn: A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A species of large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; - - called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]
4. An English early apple.
GRIG Grig, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kräk little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.]
1. (Zoöl.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig Etym: [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.
GRIL Gril, a. Etym: [OE. gril harsh; akin to G. grell offending the ear or eye, shrill, dazzling, MHG. grel angry; cf. AS. gallan to provoke.]
Defn: Harah; hard; severe; stern; rough. [Obs.] Rom. of R.
GRILL
Grill, n. Etym: [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]
1. A gridiron. [They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat. Cotton.
2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.
GRILL
Grill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grilled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] Etym:
[F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graïl, L. craticulum for
craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle.
See Grate, n.]
1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons. Marvell.
2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.
GRILLADE
Gril*lade" (, n. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]
Defn: The act of grilling; also, that which is grilled.
GRILLAGE
Gril"lage, n. Etym: [F.] (Hydraulic Eagin.)
Defn: A framework of sleepers and crossbeams forming a foundation in marshy or treacherous soil.
GRILLE
Grille, a. Etym: [F. See Grill, v. t.]
Defn: A lattice or grating.
The grille which formed part of the gate. L. Oliphant.
GRILLROOM
Grill"room`, n.
Defn: A room specially fitted for broiling food, esp. one in a restaurant, hotel, or clubhouse, arranged for prompt service.
GRILLY
Gril"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Grill, v. t.]
Defn: To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.
GRILSE
Grilse, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A young salmon after its first return from the sea.
GRIM
Grim, a. [Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest (.] Etym: [AS.
grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum,
Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr.
Defn: Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly;
cruel; frightful; horrible.
Whose grim aspect sets every joint a-shaking. Shak
.
The ridges of grim war. Milton.
Syn.— Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.
GRIMACE Gri*mace", n. Etym: [F., prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. AS. gr mask, specter, Ical. gr mask, hood, perh. akin to E. grin.]
Defn: A distortion of the countenance, whether habitual, from affectation, or momentary aad occasional, to express some feeling, as contempt, disapprobation, complacency, etc.; a smirk; a made-up face. Moving his face into such a hideons grimace, that every feature of it appeared under a different distortion. Addison.
Note: "Half the French words used affectedly by Melantha in Dryden's "Marriage a-la-Mode," as innovations in our language, are now in common usa: chagrin, double—entendre, éclaircissement, embarras, équivoque, foible, grimace, naïvete, ridicule. All these words, which she learns by heart to use occasionally, are now in common use." I. Disraeli.
GRIMACE
Gri*mace", v. i.
Defn: To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces. H.
Martineau.
GRIMACED
Gri*maced", a.
Defn: Distorted; crabbed.
GRIMALKIN
Gri*mal"kin, n. Etym: [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.]
Defn: An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.
GRIME Grime, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. gr mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.]
Defn: Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.
GRIME
Grime, v. t.
Defn: To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.
GRIMILY
Grim"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grimy manner.
GRIMINESS
Grim"i*ness n.
Defn: The state of being grimy.
GRIMLY
Grim"ly, a.
Defn: Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
In glided Margaret's grimly ghost, And stood at William's feet. D.
Mallet.
GRIMLY
Grim"ly, adv.
Defn: In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.
GRIMME
Grimme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A West African antelope (Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; — called also conquetoon.
GRIMNESS
Grim"ness, n. Etym: [AS. grimnes.]
Defn: Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.
GRIMSIR
Grim"sir, n.
Defn: A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.
GRIMY
Grim"y, a. [Compar. Grimier; superl. Grimiest.]
Defn: Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.
GRIN
Grin, n. Etym: [AS. grin.]
Defn: A snare; a gin. [Obs.]
Like a bird that hasteth to his grin. Remedy of Love.
GRIN
Grin, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grinned; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinning.] Etym:
[OE. grinnen, grennen, AS. grennian, Sw. grina; akin to D. grijnen,
G. greinen, OHG. grinan, Dan. grine. Groan.]
1. To show the teeth, as a dog; to shsrl.
2. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter, acorn, or pain. The pangs of death do make him grin. Shak.
GRIN
Grin, v. t.
Defn: To express by grinning.
Grinned horrible a ghastly smile.Milton.
GRIN
Grin, n.
Defn: The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth; a hard, forced, or smeering smile. I.Watts. He showed twenty teeth at a grin. Addison.
GRIND
Grind, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ground; p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] Etym:
[AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]
1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones. Take the millstones, and grind meal. Is. xivii. 2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass. To grind the subject or defraud the prince. Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]
GRIND
Grind, v. i.
1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones. Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind. Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as, this corn grinds well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as, glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
5. To perform hard aud distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.
GRIND
Grind, n.
1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]
GRINDED
Grind"ed, obs. p. p. of Grind.
Defn: Ground. Sir W. Scott.
GRINDELIA
Grin*de"li*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after D. H. Grindel, a Russian.]
(Med.)
Defn: The dried stems and leaves of tarweed (Grindelia), used as a remedy in asthma and bronchitis.
GRINDER
Grind"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, grinds.
2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.
3. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The restless flycatcher (Seisura inquieta) of Australia; — called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder's asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.
GRINDERY
Grind"er*y, n.
Defn: Leather workers' materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers' materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]
GRINDING
Grind"ing, a. & n.
Defn: from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton
spinning machine.
— Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary's
lathe.
GRINDINGLY
Grind"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]
GRINDLE
Grin"dle, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The bowfin; — called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]
GRINDLE STONE
Grin"dle stone".
Defn: A grindstone. [Obs.]
GRINDLET
Grind"let, n.
Defn: A small drain.
GRINDSTONE
Grind"stone`, n.
Defn: A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. To hold, pat, or bring one's nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude. They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Lacedæmonians to hold their noses to the grindstone. Sir T. North.
GRINGO
Grin"go, n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Sp. gringo gibberish; cf. griego Greek,
F. grigou wretch.]
Defn: Among Spanish Americans, a foreigner, esp. an Englishman or
American; — often used as a term of reproach.
GRINNER
Grin"ner, n.
Defn: One who grins. Addison.
GRINNINGLY
Grin"ning*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grinning manner.
GRINT
Grint,
Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, Etym: contr. from grindeth.
[Obs.] Chaucer.
GRINTE
Grin"te, obs.
Defn: imp. of Grin, v. i., 1.
[He] grinte with his teeth, so was he wroth. Chaucer.
GRINTING
Grint"ing, n.
Defn: Grinding. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRIP
Grip, n. Etym: [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The griffin. [Obs.]
GRIP
Grip, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.]
Defn: A small ditch or furrow. Ray.
GRIP
Grip, v. t.
Defn: To trench; to drain.
GRIP
Grip, n. Etym: [AS. gripe. Cf. Grip, v. t., Gripe, v. t.]
1. An energetic or tenacious grasp; a holding fast; strength in grasping.
2. A peculiar mode of clasping the hand, by which members of a secret association recognize or greet, one another; as, a masonic grip.
3. That by which anything is grasped; a handle or gripe; as, the grip of a sword.
4. A device for grasping or holding fast to something.
GRIP
Grip, v. t. Etym: [From Grip a grasp; or P. gripper to seize; — of
German origin. See Gripe, v. t.]
Defn: To give a grip to; to grasp; to gripe.
GRIP CAR
Grip car.
Defn: A car with a grip to clutch a traction cable.
GRIPE
Gripe, n. Etym: [See Grype.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Obs.]
Like a white hind under the gripe's sharp claws. Shak.
Gripe's egg, an alchemist's vessel. [Obs.] E. Jonson.
GRIPE
Gripe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Griped; p. pr. & vb. n. Griping.] Etym:
[AS. gripan; akin to D. grijpen, G. greifen, OHG. gr, Icel. gripa,
Sw. gripe, Dan. gribe, Goth. greipan; cf. Lith. graibyti, Russ.
grabite to plunder, Skr. grah, grabh, to seize. Cf. Grip, v. t.,
Grope.]
1. To catch with the hand; to clasp closely with the fingers; to clutch.
2. To seize and hold fast; to embrace closely. Wouldst thou gripe both gain and pleasure Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances. How inly sorrow gripes his soul. Shak.
GRIPE
Gripe, v. i.
1. To clutch, hold, or pinch a thing, esp. money, with a gripe or as with a gripe.
2. To suffer griping pains. Jocke.
3. (Naut.)
Defn: To tend to come up into the wind, as a ship which, when sailing closehauled, requires constant labor at the helm. R. H. Dana, Jr.
GRIPE
Gripe, n.
1. Grasp; seizure; fast hold; clutch. A barren scepter in my gripe. Shak.
2. That on which the grasp is put; a handle; a grip; as, the gripe of a sword.
3. (Mech.)
Defn: A device for grasping or holding anything; a brake to stop a wheel.
4. Oppression; cruel exaction; affiction; pinching distress; as, the gripe of poverty.
5. Pinching and spasmodic pain in the intestines; — chiefly used in the plural.
6. (Naut.) (a) The piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore end; the forefoot. (b) The compass or sharpness of a ship's stern under the water, having a tendency to make her keep a good wind. (c) pl.
Defn: An assemblage of ropes, dead-eyes, and hocks, fastened to ringbolts in the deck, to secure the boats when hoisted; also, broad bands passed around a boat to secure it at the davits and prevent swinging. Gripe penny, a miser; a niggard. D. L. Mackenzie.
GRIPEFUL
Gripe"ful, a.
Defn: Disposed to gripe; extortionate.
GRIPER
Grip"er, a.
Defn: One who gripes; an oppressor; an extortioner. Burton.
GRIPINGLY
Grip"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a griping or oppressive manner. Bacon.
GRIPMAN
Grip"man, n.
Defn: The man who manipulates a grip.
GRIPPE
Grippe, n. Etym: [F.] (Med.)
Defn: The influenza or epidemic catarrh. Dunglison.
GRIPPER
Grip"per, n.
1. One who, or that which, grips or seizes.
2. pl.
Defn: In printing presses, the fingers or nippers.
GRIPPLE
Grip"ple, n.
Defn: A grasp; a gripe. [Obs.] Spenser.
GRIPPLE
Grip"ple, a. Etym: [Dim. fr. gripe.]
Defn: Griping; greedy; covetous; tenacious. [Obs.] Spenser.
GRIPPLENESS
Grip"ple*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being gripple. [Obs.]
GRIPSACK
Grip"sack`, n.
Defn: A traveler's handbag. [Colloq.]
GRIS Gris, a. Etym: [OF. & F., fr. LL. griseus; of German origin; cf. MHG. gris, G. greis, hoary. Cf. Grizzle.]
Defn: Gray. [R.] Chaucer.
GRIS Gris, n. Etym: [OF., fr. gris gray. Cf. G. grauwerk (lit. gray work) the gray skin of the Siberian squirrel. See Gris, a.]
Defn: A costly kind of fur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GRIS
Gris (grîs), n. sing. & pl. Etym: [See Grice a pig.]
Defn: A little pig. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
GRISAILLE
Gri"saille`, n. Etym: [F., from gris gray.]
1. (Fine Arts)
Defn: Decorative painting in gray monochrome; — used in English especially for painted glass.
2. A kind of French fancy dress goods. Knight.
GRISAMBER
Gris"am`ber, n. Etym: [See Ambergris.]
Defn: Ambergris. [Obs.] Milton.
GRISE
Grise (gris), n.
Defn: See Grice, a pig. [Prov. Eng.]
GRISE
Grise (gris or gres), n. Etym: [Prop. pl. of gree a step.]
Defn: A step (in a flight of stairs); a degree. [Obs.]
Every grise of fortune Is smoothed by that below. Shak.
GRISEOUS
Gris"e*ous, a. Etym: [LL. griseus. See Gris.]
Defn: Of a light color, or white, mottled with black or brown; grizzled or grizzly. Maunder.
GRISETTE Gri*sette", n. Etym: [F., fr. grisette a gray woolen cloth, fr. gris gray. Grisettes were so called because they wore gray gowns made of this stuff. See Gars.]
Defn: A French girl or young married woman of the lower class; more frequently, a young working woman who is fond of gallantry. Sterne.
GRISKIN
Gris"kin, n. Etym: [Grise a pig + -kin.]
Defn: The spine of a hog. [Obs.]
GRISLED
Gri"sled, a. Etym: [Obs.]
Defn: See Grizzled.
GRISLINESS
Gris"li*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being grisly; horrid. Sir P. Sidney.
GRISLY
Gris"ly, a. Etym: [OE, grisly, grislich, AS. grislic, gryslic, fr.
gro shudder; cf. OD. grijselick horrible, OHG. grisenlch, and also
AS. gresan to frighten, and E. gruesome.]
Defn: Frightful; horrible; dreadful; harsh; as, grisly locks; a
grisly specter. "Grisly to behold." Chaucer.
A man of grisly and stern gravity. Robynson (More's Utopia).
Grisly bear. (Zoöl.) See under Grizzly.
GRISON Gri"son, n. Etym: [F., fr. grison gray, gray-haired, gris gray. See Gris.] (Zoöl.) (a) A South American animal of the family Mustelidae (Galictis vittata). It is about two feet long, exclusive of the tail. Its under parts are black. Also called South American glutton. (b) A South American monkey (Lagothrix infumatus), said to be gluttonous.
GRISONS Gri"sons, n. pl. Etym: [F.] (Geog.) (a) Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. (b) sing.
Defn: The largest and most eastern of the Swiss cantons.
GRIST
Grist, n. Etym: [AS. grist, fr. grindan. See Grind.]
1. Ground corn; that which is ground at one time; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. Get grist to the mill to have plenty in store. Tusser. Q.
2. Supply; provision. Swift.
3. In rope making, a given size of rope, common grist being a rope three inches in circumference, with twenty yarns in each of the three strands. Knight. All is grist that comes to his mill, all that he has anything to do with is a source of profit. [Colloq.] — To bring grist to the maill, to bring profitable business into one's hands; to be a source of profit. [Colloq.] Ayliffe.
GRISTLE Gris"tle, n. Etym: [OE. gristel, gristil, AS. gristl; akin to OFries. gristel, grestel. Perh. a dim. of grist but cf. OHG. krustila, krostela. Cf. Grist.] (Anat.)
Defn: Cartilage. See Cartilage. Bacon.
GRISTLY
Gris"tly, a. (Anat.)
Defn: Consisting of, or containing, gristle; like gristle; cartilaginous.
GRISTMILL
Grist"mill", n.
Defn: A mill for grinding grain; especially, a mill for grinding grists, or portions of grain brought by different customers; a custom mill.
GRIT
Grit, n. Etym: [OE, greet, greot, sand, gravel, AS. greót grit, sant,
dust; akin to OS griott, OFries. gret gravel, OHG. grioz, G. griess,
Icel. grjot, and to E. groats, grout. See Groats, Grout, and cf.
Grail gravel.]
1. Sand or gravel; rough, hard particles.
2. The coarse part of meal.
3. pl.
Defn: Grain, esp. oats or wheat, hulled and coarsely ground; in high milling, fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats.
4. (Geol.)
Defn: A hard, coarse-grained siliceous sandstone; as, millstone grit; — called also gritrock and gritstone. The name is also applied to a finer sharp-grained sandstone; as, grindstone grit.
5. Structure, as adapted to grind or sharpen; as, a hone of good grit.
6. Firmness of mind; invincible spirit; unyielding courage; fortitude. C. Reade. E. P. Whipple.
GRIT
Grit, v. i.
Defn: To give forth a grating sound, as sand under the feet; to
grate; to grind.
The sanded floor that grits beneath the tread. Goldsmith.
GRIT
Grit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gritted; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gritting.]
Defn: To grind; to rub harshly together; to grate; as, to grit the teeth. [Collog.]
GRITH
Grith, n. Etym: [AS. grith peace; akin to Icel. grid.]
Defn: Peace; security; agreement. [Obs.] Gower.
GRITROCK; GRITSTONE
Grit"rock`, Grit"stone` n. (Geol.)
Defn: See Grit, n., 4.
GRITTINESS
Grit"ti*ness, n.
Defn: The quality of being gritty.
GRITTY
Grit"ty, a.
1. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.
2. Spirited; resolute; unyielding. [Colloq., U. S.]
GRIVET
Griv"et, n. Etym: [Cf. F. grivet.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A monkey of the upper Nile and Abyssinia (Cercopithecus griseoviridis), having the upper parts dull green, the lower parts white, the hands, ears, and face black. It was known to the ancient Egyptians. Called also tota.
GRIZE
Grize, n.
Defn: Same as 2d Grise. [Obs.]
GRIZELIN
Griz"e*lin, a.
Defn: See Gridelin.
GRIZZLE Griz"zle, n. Etym: [F. gris: cf. grisaille hair partly gray, fr. gris gray. See Gris, and cf. Grisaille.]
Defn: Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak.
GRIZZLED
Griz"zled, a.
Defn: Gray; grayish; sprinkled or mixed with gray; of a mixed white
and black.
Grizzled hair flowing in elf locks. Sir W. Scott.
GRIZZLY
Griz"zly, a.
Defn: Somewhat gray; grizzled. Old squirrels that turn grizzly. Bacon. Grizzly bear (Zoöl.), a large and ferocious bear (Ursus horribilis) of Western North America and the Rocky Mountains. It is remarkable for the great length of its claws.
GRIZZLY
Griz"zly, n.; pl. Grizzlies (.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A grizzly bear. See under Grizzly, a.
2. pl.
Defn: In hydraulic mining, gratings used to catch and throw out large stones from the sluices. [Local, U. S.] Raymond.
GROAN
Groan, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Groaning.] Etym:
[OE. gronen, granen, granien, AS. gr, fr. the root of grennian to
grin. *35. See 2d Grin, and cf. Grunt.]
1. To give forth a low, moaning sound in breathing; to utter a groan, as in pain, in sorrow, or in derision; to moan. For we . . . do groan, being burdened. 2 Cor. v. 4. He heard the groaning of the oak. Sir W. Scott.
2. To strive after earnestly, as with groans. Nothing but holy, pure, and clear, Or that which groaneth to be so. Herbert.
GROAN
Groan, v. t.
Defn: To affect by groans.
GROAN
Groan, n.
Defn: A low, moaning sound; usually, a deep, mournful sound uttered in pain or great distress; sometimes, an expression of strong disapprobation; as, the remark was received with groans. Such groans of roaring wind and rain. Shak. The wretched animal heaved forth such groans. Shak.
GROANFUL
Groan"ful, a.
Defn: Agonizing; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.
GROAT Groat, n. Etym: [LG. grote, orig., great, that is, a great piece of coin, larger than other coins in former use. See Great.]
1. An old English silver coin, equal to four pence.
2. Any small sum of money.
GROATS Groats, n. pl. Etym: [OE. grot, AS. gratan; akin to Icel. grautr porridge, and to E. gritt, grout. See Grout.]
Defn: Dried grain, as oats or wheat, hulled and broken or crushed; in high milling, cracked fragments of wheat larger than grits. Embden groats, crushed oats.
GROBIAN
Gro"bi*an, n. [G., fr. grob rude. Cf. Gruff, a.]
Defn: A rude or clownish person; boor; lout.
GROCER Gro"cer, n. Etym: [Formerly written grosser, orig., one who sells by the gross, or deals by wholesale, fr. F. grossier, marchand grossier, fr. gros large, great. See Gross.]
Defn: A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, fruits, and various other commodities. Grocer's itch (Med.), a disease of the akin, caused by handling sugar and treacle.
GROCERY
Gro"cer*y, n.; pl. Groceries. Etym: [F. grosserie wholesale. See
Grocer.]
1. The commodities sold by grocers, as tea, coffee, spices, etc.; — in the United States almost always in the plural form, in this sense. A deal box . . . to carry groceries in. Goldsmith. The shops at which the best families of the neighborhood bought grocery and millinery. Macaulay.
2. A retail grocer's shop or store. [U.s.];
GROG Grog, n. Etym: [So named fronm "Old Grog" a nickmname given to Admiral Vernon, in allusion to his wearing a grogram cloak in foul weather. He is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of the sailors (about 1745).]
Defn: A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened; hence, any intoxicating liquor. Grog blossom, a redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess. [Collog.]
GROGGERY
Grog"ger*y, n.; pl. Groggeries.
Defn: A grogshop. [Slang, U. S.]
GROGGINESS
Grog"gi*ness, n.
1. State of being groggy.
2. (Man.)
Defn: Tenderness or stiffness in the foot of a horse, which causes him to move in a hobbling manner.
GROGGY
Grog"gy, a.
1. Overcome with grog; tipsy; unsteady on the legs. [Colloq.]
2. Weakened in a fight so as to stagger; — said of pugilists. [Cant or Slang]
3. (Man.)
Defn: Moving in a hobbling manner, owing to ten der feet; — said of a horse. Youatt.
GROGRAM; GROGRAN Grog"ram, Grog"ran, n. Etym: [OF. gros-grain, lit., gros-grain, of a coarse texture. See Gross, and Grain a kernel, and cf. Grog.]
Defn: A coarse stuff made of silk and mohair, or of coarse silk.
GROGSHOP
Grog"shop`, n.
Defn: A shop or room where strong liquors are sold and drunk; a dramshop.
GROIN
Groin, n. Etym: [F. groin, fr. grogner to grunt, L. grunnire.]
Defn: The snout of a swine. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GROIN
Groin, v. i. Etym: [F. grogner to grunt, grumble.]
Defn: To grunt to growl; to snarl; to murmur. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Bears that groined coatinually. Spenser.
GROIN Groin, n. Etym: [Icel. grein distinction, division, branch; akin to Sw. gren, branch, space between the legs, Icel. greina to distinguish, divide, Sw. grena to branch, straddle. Cf. Grain a branch.]
1. (Anat.)
Defn: The line between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh, or the region of this line; the inguen.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults, growing more obtuse as it approaches the summit.
3. (Math.)
Defn: The surface formed by two such vaults.
4. A frame of woodwork across a beach to accumulate and retain shingle. [Eng.] Weale.
GROIN
Groin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Groined; p. pr. & vb. n. Groining.]
(Arch.)
Defn: To fashion into groins; to build with groins.
The hand that rounded Peter's dome, And groined the aisles of
Christian Rome, Wrought in a sad sincerity. Emerson.
GROINED
Groined, a. (Arch.)
Defn: Built with groins; as, a groined ceiling; a groined vault.
GROLIER
Gro"lier`, n.
Defn: The name by which Jean Grolier de Servier (1479-1565), a French bibliophile, is commonly known; — used in naming a certain style of binding, a design, etc.
Grolier binding, a book binding decorated with a pattern imitated from those given covers of books bound for Jean Grolier, and bearing his name and motto. —Grolier design or school, the pattern of interlacing bars, bands, or ribbons, with little scrolls of slender gold lines, assumed to be an imitation of the designs on Jean Grolier's book bindings.
GROMET
Grom"et, n.
Defn: Same as Grommet.
GROMILL
Grom"ill, n. (Bot.)
Defn: See Gromwell.
GROMMET Grom"met, n. Etym: [F. gourmette curb, curb chain, fr. gourmer to curb, thump, beat; cf. Armor. gromm a curb, gromma to curb.]
1. A ring formed by twisting on itself a single strand of an unlaid rope; also, a metallic eyelet in or for a sail or a mailbag. Sometimes written grummet.
2. (Mil.)
Defn: A ring of rope used as a wad to hold a cannon ball in place.
GROMWELL Grom"well, n. Etym: [Called also gromel, grommel, graymill, and gray millet, all prob. fr. F. grmil, cf. W. cromandi.] (Bot.)
Defn: A plant of the genus Lithospermum (L. arvense), anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of gravel. The German gromwell is the Stellera. [Written also gromill.]
GROND
Grond,
Defn: obs. imp. of Grind. Chaucer.
GRONTE
Gron"te,
Defn: obs. imp. of Groan. Chaucer.
GROOM Groom, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. grome, groyme, grume, gome, guym, man, lover, OD. grom boy, youth; perh. the r is an insertion as in E. bridegroom, and the word is the same as AS. guma man. See Bridegroom.]
1. A boy or young man; a waiter; a servant; especially, a man or boy who has charge of horses, or the stable. Spenser.
2. One of several officers of the English royal household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's department; as, the groom of the chamber; the groom of the stole.
3. A man recently married, or about to be married; a bridegroom. Dryden. Groom porter, formerly an officer in the English royal household, who attended to the furnishing of the king's lodgings and had certain privileges.
GROOM
Groom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groomed; p. pr. & vb. n. Grooming.]
Defn: To tend or care for, or to curry or clean, as a, horse.
GROOMER
Groom"er, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, grooms horses; especially, a brush rotated by a flexible or jointed revolving shaft, for cleaning horses.
GROOMSMAN
Grooms"man, n.; pl. Groomsmen (.
Defn: A male attendant of a bridegroom at his wedding; — the correlative of bridesmaid.
GROOPER
Groop"er, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Grouper.
GROOVE
Groove, n. Etym: [D. groef, groeve; akin to E. grove. See Grove.]
1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.
2. Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine. The gregarious trifling of life in the social groove. J. Morley.
3. Etym: [See Grove.] (Mining)
Defn: A shaft or excavation. [Prov. Eng.]
GROOVE
Groove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grooved; p. pr. & vb. n. Groving.]
Defn: To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.
GROOVER
Groov"er, n.
1. One who or that which grooves.
2. A miner. [Prov. Eng.] Holloway.
GROOVING
Groov"ing, n.
Defn: The act of forming a groove or grooves; a groove, or collection of grooves.
GROPE
Grope, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groped; p. pr. & vb. n. Groping.] Etym:
[OE. gropen, gropien, grapien, AS. gr to touch, grope, fr. gr to
gripe. See Gripe.]
1. To feel with or use the hands; to handle. [Obs.]
2. To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see. We grope for the wall like the blind. Is. lix. 10. To grope a little longer among the miseries and sensualities ot a worldly life. Buckminster.
GROPE
Grope, v. t.
1. To search out by feeling in the dark; as, we groped our way at midnight.
2. To examine; to test; to sound. [Obs.] Chaucer. Felix gropeth him, thinking to have a bribe. Genevan Test. (Acts xxiv. ).
GROPER
Grop"er, n.
Defn: One who gropes; one who feels his way in the dark, or searches by feeling.
GROPING-LY
Grop"ing-ly, adv.
Defn: In a groping manner.
GROS
Gros, n. Etym: [F. See Gross.]
Defn: A heavy silk with a dull finish; as, gros de Naples; gros de
Tours.
GROSBEAK
Gros"beak, n. Etym: [Gross + beak: cf. F. gros-bec.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of various species of finches having a large, stout beak.
The common European grosbeak or hawfinch is Coccothraustes vulgaris.
Note: Among the best known American species are the rose-breasted (Habia Ludoviciana); the blue (Guiraca coerulea); the pine (Pinicola enucleator); and the evening grosbeak. See Hawfinch, and Cardinal grosbeak, Evening grosbeak, under Cardinal and Evening. [Written also grossbeak.] Habia Ludoviciana).
GROSCHEN
Grosch"en, n. Etym: [G.]
Defn: A small silver coin and money of account of Germany, worth about two cents. It is not included in the new monetary system of the empire.
GROSGRAIN
Gros"grain`, a. Etym: [F. Cf. Grogram.]
Defn: Of a coarse texture; — applied to silk with a heavy thread running crosswise.
GROSS Gross, a. [Compar. Grosser (; superl. Grossest.] Etym: [F. gros, L. grossus, perh. fr. L. crassus thick, dense, fat, E. crass, cf. Skr. grathita tied together, wound up, hardened. Cf. Engross, Grocer, Grogram.]
1. Great; large; bulky; fat; of huge size; excessively large. "A gross fat man." Shak. A gross body of horse under the Duke. Milton.
2. Coarse; rough; not fine or delicate.
3. Not easily aroused or excited; not sensitive in perception or feeling; dull; witless. Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear. Milton.
4. Expressing, Or originating in, animal or sensual appetites; hence, coarse, vulgar, low, obscene, or impure. The terms which are delicate in one age become gross in the next. Macaulay.
5. Thick; dense; not attenuated; as, a gross medium.
6. Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.
7. Whole; entire; total; without deduction; as, the gross sum, or gross amount, the gross weight; — opposed to net. Gross adventure (Law) the loan of money upon bottomry, i. e., on a mortgage of a ship. — Gross average (Law), that kind of average which falls upon the gross or entire amount of ship, cargo, and freight; — commonly called general average. Bouvier. Burrill. — Gross receipts, the total of the receipts, before they are diminished by any deduction, as for expenses; — distinguished from net profits. Abbott. — Gross weight the total weight of merchandise or goods, without deduction for tare, tret, or waste; — distinguished from neat, or net, weight.
GROSS Gross, n. Etym: [F. gros (in sense 1), grosse (in sense 2) See Gross, a.]
1. The main body; the chief part, bulk, or mass. "The gross of the enemy." Addison. For the gross of the people, they are considered as a mere herd of cattle. Burke.
2. sing. & pl.
Defn: The number of twelve dozen; twelve times twelve; as, a gross of
bottles; ten gross of pens. Advowson in gross (Law), an advowson
belonging to a person, and not to a manor.
— A great gross, twelve gross; one hundred and forty-four dozen.
— By the gross, by the quantity; at wholesale.
— Common in gross. (Law) See under Common, n.
— In the gross, In gross, in the bulk, or the undivided whole; all
parts taken together.
GROSSBEAK
Gross"beak`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Grosbeak.
GROSS-HEADED
Gross"-head`ed, a.
Defn: Thick-skulled; stupid.
GROSSIFICATION
Gross`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gross + L. ficare (in comp.) to make.
See -fy.]
1. The act of making gross or thick, or the state of becoming so.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: The swelling of the ovary of plants after fertilization.
Henslow.
GROSSLY
Gross"ly, adv.
Defn: In a gross manner; greatly; coarsely; without delicacy; shamefully; disgracefully.
GROSSNESS
Gross"ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of being gross; thickness; corpulence;
coarseness; shamefulness.
Abhor the swinish grossness that delights to wound the' ear of
delicacy. Dr. T. Dwight.
GROSSULAR
Gros"su*lar, a. Etym: [NL. grossularius, from Grossularia a subgenus
of Ribes, including the gooseberry, fr. F. groseille. See
Gooseberry.]
Defn: Pertaining too, or resembling, a gooseberry; as, grossular garnet.
GROSSULAR
Gros"su*lar, n. Etym: [See Grossular, a.] (Min.)
Defn: A translucent garnet of a pale green color like that of the gooseberry; — called also grossularite.
GROSSULARIA
Gros`su*la"ria, n. Etym: [NL. See Grossular.] (Min.)
Defn: Same as Grossular.
GROSSULIN
Gros"su*lin, n. Etym: [See Grossular.] (Chem.)
Defn: A vegetable jelly, resembling pectin, found in gooseberries
(Ribes Grossularia) and other fruits.
GROT
Grot, n. Etym: [F. grotte, It. grotta. See Grotto.]
Defn: A grotto. [Poetic] Milton.
GROT; GROTE
Grot, Grote (, n.
Defn: A groat. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GROTESQUE
Gro*tesque", a. Etym: [F., fr. It. grottesco, fr. grotta grotto. See
Grotto.]
Defn: Like the figures found in ancient grottoes; grottolike; wildly or strangely formed; whimsical; extravagant; of irregular forms and proportions; fantastic; ludicrous; antic. "Grotesque design." Dryden. "Grotesque incidents." Macaulay.
GROTESQUE
Gro*tesque, n.
1. A whimsical figure, or scene, such as is found in old crypts and grottoes. Dryden.
2. Artificial grotto-work.
GROTESQUELY
Gro*tesque"ly, adv.
Defn: In a grotesque manner.
GROTESQUENESS
Gro*tesque"ness, n.
Defn: Quality of being grotesque.
GROTESQUERY
Gro*tesqu"er*y, n. [Written also grotesquerie.] [From Grotesque.]
Defn: Grotesque action, speech, or manners; grotesque doings. "The sustained grotesquery of Feather-top." K. L. Bates.
Vileness, on the other hand, becomes grotesquerie, wonderfully converted into a subject of laughter. George Gissing.
GROTTO
Grot"to, n.; pl. Grottoes. Etym: [Formerly grotta, fr. It. grotta,
LL. grupta, fr. L. crypta a con cealed subterranran passage vault,
cavern, Gr. Grot, Crypt.]
Defn: A natural covered opening in the earth; a cave; also, an artificial recess, cave, or cavernlike apartment.
GROTTO-WORK
Grot"to-work`, n.
Defn: Artificial and ornamental rockwork in imitation of a grotto.
Cowper.
GROUND Ground, n. Etym: [OE. ground, grund, AS. grund; akin to D. grond, OS., G., Sw., & Dan. grund, Icel. grunnr bottom, Goth. grundus (in composition); perh. orig. meaning, dust, gravel, and if so perh. akin to E. grind.]
1. The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it. There was not a man to till the ground. Gen. ii. 5. The fire ran along upon the ground. Ex. ix. 23. Hence:
Defn: A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.
2. Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground. From . . . old Euphrates, to the brook that parts Egypt from Syrian ground. Milton.
3. Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept. Thy next design is on thy neighbor's grounds. Dryden. 4.
4. The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.
5. (Paint. & Decorative Art) (a) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground. See Background, Foreground, and Middle-ground. (b) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief. (c) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.
6. (Etching)
Defn: A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
7. (Arch.)
Defn: One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; — usually in the plural.
Note: Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.
8. (Mus.) (a) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody. (b) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song. Moore (Encyc.). On that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shak.
9. (Elec.)
Defn: A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.
10. pl.
Defn: Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.
11. The pit of a theater. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Ground angling, angling with a weighted line without a float. — Ground annual (Scots Law), an estate created in land by a vassal who instead of selling his land outright reserves an annual ground rent, which becomes a perpetual charge upon the land. — Ground ash. (Bot.) See Groutweed. — Ground bailiff (Mining), a superintendent of mines. Simmonds. — Ground bait, bits of bread, boiled barley or worms, etc., thrown into the water to collect the fish, Wallon. — Ground bass or base (Mus.), fundamental base; a fundamental base continually repeated to a varied melody. — Ground beetle (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of carnivorous beetles of the family Carabidæ, living mostly in burrows or under stones, etc. — Ground chamber, a room on the ground floor. — Ground cherry. (Bot.) (a) A genus (Physalis) of herbaceous plants having an inflated calyx for a seed pod: esp., the strawberry tomato (P. Alkekengi). See Alkekengl. (b) A European shrub (Prunus Chamæcerasus), with small, very acid fruit. — Ground cuckoo. (Zoöl.) See Chaparral cock. — Ground cypress. (Bot.) See Lavender cotton. — Ground dove (Zoöl.), one of several small American pigeons of the genus Columbigallina, esp. C. passerina of the Southern United States, Mexico, etc. They live chiefly on the ground. — Ground fish (Zoöl.), any fish which constantly lives on the botton of the sea, as the sole, turbot, halibut. — Ground floor, the floor of a house most nearly on a level with the ground; — called also in America, but not in England, the first floor. — Ground form (Gram.), the stem or basis of a word, to which the other parts are added in declension or conjugation. It is sometimes, but not always, the same as the root. — Ground furze (Bot.), a low slightly thorny, leguminous shrub (Ononis arvensis) of Europe and Central Asia,; — called also rest- harrow. — Ground game, hares, rabbits, etc., as distinguished from winged game. — Ground hele (Bot.), a perennial herb (Veronica officinalis) with small blue flowers, common in Europe and America, formerly thought to have curative properties. — Ground of the heavens (Astron.), the surface of any part of the celestial sphere upon which the stars may be regarded as projected. — Ground hemlock (Bot.), the yew (Taxus baccata var. Canadensisi) of eastern North America, distinguished from that of Europe by its low, straggling stems. — Ground hog. (Zoöl.) (a) The woodchuck or American marmot (Arctomys monax). See Woodchuck. (b) The aardvark. — Ground hold (Naut.), ground tackle. [Obs.] Spenser. — Ground ice, ice formed at the bottom of a body of water before it forms on the surface. — Ground ivy. (Bot.) A trailing plant; alehoof. See Gill. — Ground joist, a joist for a basement or ground floor; a. sleeper. — Ground lark (Zoöl.), the European pipit. See Pipit. — Ground laurel (Bot.). See Trailing arbutus, under Arbutus. — Ground line (Descriptive Geom.), the line of intersection of the horizontal and vertical planes of projection. — Ground liverwort (Bot.), a flowerless plant with a broad flat forking thallus and the fruit raised on peduncled and radiated receptacles (Marchantia polymorpha). — Ground mail, in Scotland, the fee paid for interment in a churchyard. — Ground mass (Geol.), the fine-grained or glassy base of a rock, in which distinct crystals of its constituents are embedded. — Ground parrakeet (Zoöl.), one of several Australian parrakeets, of the genera Callipsittacus and Geopsittacus, which live mainly upon the ground. — Ground pearl (Zoöl.), an insect of the family Coccidæ (Margarodes formicarum), found in ants' nests in the Bahamas, and having a shelly covering. They are strung like beads, and made into necklaces by the natives. — Ground pig (Zoöl.), a large, burrowing, African rodent (Aulacodus Swinderianus) about two feet long, allied to the porcupines but with harsh, bristly hair, and no spines; — called also ground rat. — Ground pigeon (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of pigeons which live largely upon the ground, as the tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris), of the Samoan Islands, and the crowned pigeon, or goura. See Goura, and Ground dove (above). — Ground pine. (Bot.) (a) A blue-flowered herb of the genus Ajuga (A. Chamæpitys), formerly included in the genus Teucrium or germander, and named from its resinous smell. Sir L. Hill. (b) A long, creeping, evergreen plant of the genus Lycopodium (L. clavatum); — called also club moss. (c) A tree-shaped evergreen plant about eight inches in height, of the same genus (L. dendroideum) found in moist, dark woods in the northern part of the United States. Gray. — Ground plan (Arch.), a plan of the ground floor of any building, or of any floor, as distinguished from an elevation or perpendicular section. — Ground plane, the horizontal plane of projection in perspective drawing. — Ground plate. (a) (Arch.) One of the chief pieces of framing of a building; a timber laid horizontally on or near the ground to support the uprights; a ground sill or groundsel. (b) (Railroads) A bed plate for sleepers or ties; a mudsill. (c) (Teleg.) A metallic plate buried in the earth to conduct the electric current thereto. Connection to the pipes of a gas or water main is usual in cities. Knight. — Ground plot, the ground upon which any structure is erected; hence, any basis or foundation; also, a ground plan. — Ground plum (Bot.), a leguminous plant (Astragalus caryocarpus) occurring from the Saskatchewan to Texas, and having a succulent plum-shaped pod. — Ground rat. (Zoöl.) See Ground pig (above). — Ground rent, rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's land. — Ground robin. (Zoöl.) See Chewink. — Ground room, a room on the ground floor; a lower room. Tatler. — Ground sea, the West Indian name for a swell of the ocean, which occurs in calm weather and without obvious cause, breaking on the shore in heavy roaring billows; — called also rollers, and in Jamaica, the North sea. — Ground sill. See Ground plate (a) (above). — Ground snake (Zoöl.), a small burrowing American snake (Celuta amoena). It is salmon colored, and has a blunt tail. — Ground squirrel. (Zoöl.) (a) One of numerous species of burrowing rodents of the genera Tamias and Spermophilus, having cheek pouches. The former genus includes the Eastern striped squirrel or chipmunk and some allied Western species; the latter includes the prairie squirrel or striped gopher, the gray gopher, and many allied Western species. See Chipmunk, and Gopher. (b) Any species of the African genus Xerus, allied to Tamias. — Ground story. Same as Ground floor (above). — Ground substance (Anat.), the intercellular substance, or matrix, of tissues. — Ground swell. (a) (Bot.) The plant groundsel. [Obs.] Holland. (b) A broad, deep swell or undulation of the ocean, caused by a long continued gale, and felt even at a remote distance after the gale has ceased. — Ground table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. — Ground tackle (Naut.), the tackle necessary to secure a vessel at anchor. Totten. — Ground thrush (Zoöl.), one of numerous species of bright-colored Oriental birds of the family Pittidæ. See Pitta. — Ground tier. (a) The lowest tier of water casks in a vessel's hold. Totten. (b) The lowest line of articles of any kind stowed in a vessel's hold. (c) The lowest range of boxes in a theater. — Ground timbers (Shipbuilding) the timbers which lie on the keel and are bolted to the keelson; floor timbers. Knight. — Ground tit. (Zoöl.) See Ground wren (below). — Ground wheel, that wheel of a harvester, mowing machine, etc., which, rolling on the ground, drives the mechanism. — Ground wren (Zoöl.), a small California bird (Chamæa fasciata) allied to the wrens and titmice. It inhibits the arid plains. Called also gronnd tit, and wren lit. — To bite the ground, To break ground. See under Bite, Break. — To come to the ground, To fall to the ground, to come to nothing; to fail; to miscarry. — To gain ground. (a) To advance; to proceed forward in confict; as, an army in battle gains ground. (b) To obtain an advantage; to have some success; as, the army gains ground on the enemy. (c) To gain credit; to become more prosperous or influential. — To get, or To gather, ground, to gain ground. [R.] "Evening mist . . . gathers ground fast." Milton. There is no way for duty to prevail, and get ground of them, but by bidding higher. South. — To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. These nine . . . began to give me ground. Shak. —To lose ground, to retire; to retreat; to withdraw from the position taken; hence, to lose advantage; to lose credit or reputation; to decline. — To stand one's ground, to stand firm; to resist attack or encroachment. Atterbury. — To take the ground to touch bottom or become stranded; — said of a ship.
GROUND
Ground, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grounding.]
1. To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
2. To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly. Being rooted and grounded in love. Eph. iii. 17. So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation. Sir W. Hamilton
3. To instruct in elements or first principles.
4. (Elec.)
Defn: To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.
5. (Fine Arts)
Defn: To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.
GROUND
Ground, v. i.
Defn: To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.
GROUND
Ground,
Defn: imp. & p. p. of Grind. Ground cock, a cock, the plug of which is ground into its seat, as distinguished from a compression cock. Knight. — Ground glass, glass the transparency of which has been destroyed by having its surface roughened by grinding. — Ground joint, a close joint made by grinding together two pieces, as of metal with emery and oil, or of glass with fine sand and water.
GROUNDAGE
Ground"age, n.
Defn: A local tax paid by a ship for the ground or space it occupies while in port. Bouvier.
GROUNDEDLY
Ground"ed*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grounded or firmly established manner. Glanvill.
GROUNDEN
Ground"en, obs.
Defn: p. p. of Grind. Chaucer.
GROUNDING
Ground"ing, n.
Defn: The act, method, or process of laying a groundwork or foundation; hence, elementary instruction; the act or process of applying a ground, as of color, to wall paper, cotton cloth, etc.; a basis.
GROUNDLESS
Ground"less, a. Etym: [AS. grundleás bottomless.]
Defn: Without ground or foundation; wanting cause or reason for
support; not authorized; false; as, groundless fear; a groundless
report or assertion.
— Ground"less*ly, adv.
— Ground"less*ness, n.
GROUNDLING
Ground"ling, n. Etym: [Ground + -ling.]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water, as the loach.
2. A spectator in the pit of a theater, which formerly was on the ground, and without floor or benches. No comic buffoon to make the groundlings laugh. Coleridge.
GROUNDLY
Ground"ly, adv.
Defn: Solidly; deeply; thoroughly. [Obs.] Those whom princes do once groundly hate, Let them provide to die as sure us fate. Marston.
GROUNDNUT Ground"nut`, n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the Arachis hypogæa (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant (Apios tuberosa), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng (Aralia trifolia). [U. S.] Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus Bunium (B. flexuosum) having an edible root of a globular shape aud sweet, aromatic taste; — called also earthnut, earth chestnut, hawknut, and pignut.
GROUNDSEL Ground"sel, n. Etym: [OE. grundswilie, AS. gpundeswylige, grundeswelge, earlier gundiswilge; gund matter, pus + swelgan to swallow. So named as being good for a running from the eye. See Swallow, v.] (Bot.)
Defn: An annual composite plant (Senecio vulgaris) one of the most common, and widely distributed weeds on the globe.
GROUNDSEL
Ground"sel, n. Etym: [Ground + sill.]
Defn: See Ground
GROUNDSILL
Ground"sill`
Defn:
GROUNDWORK
Ground"work`, n.
Defn: That which forms the foundation or support of anything; the basis; the essential or fundamental part; first principle. Dryden.
GROUP
Group, n. Etym: [F groupe, It. gruppo, groppo, cluster, bunch,
packet, group; of G. origin: cf. G. krepf craw, crop, tumor, bunch.
See Crop, n.]
1. A cluster, crowd, or throng; an assemblage, either of persons or things, collected without any regular form or arrangement; as, a group of men or of trees; a group of isles.
2. An assemblage of objects in a certain order or relation, or having some resemblance or common characteristic; as, groups of strata.
3. (Biol.)
Defn: A variously limited assemblage of animals or planta, having some resemblance, or common characteristics in form or structure. The term has different uses, and may be made to include certain species of a genus, or a whole genus, or certain genera, or even several orders.
4. (Mus.)
Defn: A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; — sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.
GROUP
Group, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouped; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouping.] Etym:
[Cf. F. grouper. See Group, n.]
Defn: To form a group of; to arrange or combine in a group or in groups, often with reference to mutual relation and the best effect; to form an assemblage of. The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or, as the painters term it, in grouping such a multitude of different objects. Prior. Grouped columns (Arch.), three or moro columns placed upon the same pedestal.
GROUPER Group"er, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Garbupa.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of several species of valuable food fishes of the genus Epinephelus, of the family Serranidæ, as the red grouper, or brown snapper (E. morio), and the black grouper, or warsaw (E. nigritus), both from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. (b) The tripletail (Lobotes). (c) In California, the name is often applied to the rockfishes. [Written also groper, gruper, and trooper.]
GROUPING
Group"ing, n. (Fine Arts)
Defn: The disposal or relative arrangement of figures or objects, as in, drawing, painting, and sculpture, or in ornamental design.
GROUSE Grouse, n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Prob. after the analogy of mouse, mice, fr. the earlier grice, OF. griesche meor hen: cf. F. piegrièche shrike.] (Zoöl.
Defn: ) Any of the numerous species of gallinaceous birds of the family Tetraonidæ, and subfamily Tetraoninæ, inhabiting Europe, Asia, and North America. They have plump bodies, strong, well-feathered legs, and usually mottled plumage. The group includes the ptarmigans (Lagopus), having feathered feet.
Note: Among the European species are the red grouse (Lagopus Scoticus) and the hazel grouse (Bonasa betulina). See Capercaidzie, Ptarmigan, and Heath grouse. Among the most important American species are the ruffed grouse, or New England partridge (Bonasa umbellus); the sharp-tailed grouse (Pediocætes phasianellus) of the West; the dusky blue, or pine grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) of the Rocky Mountains; the Canada grouse, or spruce partridge (D. Canadensis). See also Prairie hen, and Sage cock. The Old World sand grouse (Pterocles, etc.) belong to a very different family. See Pterocletes, and Sand grouse.
GROUSE
Grouse, v. i.
Defn: To seek or shoot grouse.
GROUSER
Grou"ser, n.
Defn: (Dredging, Pile Driving, etc.) A pointed timber attached to a boat and sliding vertically, to thrust into the ground as a means of anchorage.
GROUT Grout, n. Etym: [AS. grut; akin to grytt, G. grütze, griess, Icel. grautr, Lith. grudas corn, kernel, and Z. groats.]
1. Coarse meal; ground malt; pl. groats.
2. Formerly, a kind of beer or ale. [Eng.]
3. pl.
Defn: Lees; dregs; grounds. [Eng.] "Grouts of tea." Dickens.
4. A thin, coarse mortar, used for pouring into the joints of masonry and brickwork; also, a finer material, used in finishing the best ceilings. Gwilt.
GROUT
Grout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grouting.]
Defn: To fill up or finish with grout, as the joints between stones.
GROUTHEAD
Grout"head`, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Growthead.
GROUTING
Grout"ing, n.
Defn: The process of filling in or finishing with grout; also, the grout thus filled in. Gwilt.
GROUTNOL
Grout"nol, n. Etym: [See Groat, and Noll, n.] [Obs.]
Defn: Same as Growthead. Beau. & Fl.
GROUTY
Grout"y, a.
Defn: Cross; sulky; sullen. [Colloq.]
GROVE
Grove, n. Etym: [AS. graf, fr. grafan to dig.
Defn: The original sense seems to have been a lane cut through trees. See Grave, v., and cf. Groove.] A smaller group of trees than a forest, and without underwood, planted, or growing naturally as if arranged by art; a wood of small extent.
Note: The Hebrew word Asherah, rendered grove in the Authorized
Version of the Bible, is left untranslated in the Revised Version.
Almost all modern interpreters agree that by Asherah an idol or image
of some kind is intended.
GROVEL Grov"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Groveled or Grovelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Groveling or Grovelling.] Etym: [From OE. grovelinge, grufelinge, adv., on the face, prone, which was misunderstood as a p. pr.; cf. OE. gruf, groff, in the same sense; of Scand. origin, cf. Icel. grufa, in a grufu on the face, prone, grufa to grovel.]
1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to lie prone, or move uneasily with the body prostrate on the earth; to lie fiat on one's belly, expressive of abjectness; to crawl. To creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden.
2. To tend toward, or delight in, what is sensual or base; to be low, abject, or mean.
GROVELER
Grov"el*er, n.
Defn: One who grovels; an abject wretch. [Written also groveller.]
GROVELING
Grov"el*ing, a.
Defn: Lying prone; low; debased. [Written also grovelling.] "A groveling creature." Cowper.
GROVY
Grov"y, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a grove; situated in, or frequenting, groves. Dampier.
GROW
Grow, v. i. [imp. Grew; p. p. Grown (; p. pr. & vb. n. Growing.]
Etym: [AS. grawan; akin to D. groeijen, Icel. groa, Dan. groe, Sw.
gro. Cf. Green, Grass.]
1. To increase in size by a natural and organic process; to increase in bulk by the gradual assimilation of new matter into the living organism; — said of animals and vegetables and their organs.
2. To increase in any way; to become larger and stronger; to be augmented; to advance; to extend; to wax; to accrue. Winter began to grow fast on. Knolles. Even just the sum that I do owe to you Is growing to me by Antipholus. Shak.
3. To spring up and come to matturity in a natural way; to be produced by vegetation; to thrive; to flourish; as, rice grows in warm countries. Where law faileth, error groweth. Gower.
4. To pass from one state to another; to result as an effect from a cause; to become; as, to grow pale. For his mind Had grown Suspicion's sanctuary. Byron.
5. To become attached of fixed; to adhere. Our knees shall kneel till to the ground they grow. Shak. Growing cell, or Growing slide, a device for preserving alive a minute object in water continually renewed, in a manner to permit its growth to be watched under the microscope. — Grown over, covered with a growth. — To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil, or as a branch from the main stem; to result from. These wars have grown out of commercial considerations. A. Hamilton. — To grow up, to arrive at full stature or maturity; as, grown up children. — To grow together, to close and adhere; to become united by growth, as flesh or the bark of a tree severed. Howells.
Syn.
— To become; increase; enlarge; augment; improve; expand; extend.
GROW
Grow, v. t.
Defn: To cause to grow; to cultivate; to produce; as, to grow a crop; to grow wheat, hops, or tobacco. Macaulay.
Syn.
— To raise; to cultivate. See Raise, v. t., 3.
GROWABLE
Grow"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of growth.
GROWAN
Grow"an, n. Etym: [Cf. Arm. grouan gravel, Corn. grow gravel, sand.]
(Mining.)
Defn: A decomposed granite, forming a mass of gravel, as in tin lodes in Cornwall.
GROWER
Grow"er, n.
Defn: One who grows or produces; as, a grower of corn; also, that which grows or increases; as, a vine may be a rank or a slow grower.
GROWL
Growl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Growled; p. pr. & vb. e. Growling.] Etym:
[D. grollen to grunt, murmur, be angry; akin to G. grollen to be
angry.]
Defn: To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound. Gay.
GROWL
Growl, v. t.
Defn: To express by growling. Thomson.
GROWL
Growl, n.
Defn: The deep, threatening sound made by a surly dog; a grumbling sound.
GROWLER
Growl"er, n.
1. One who growls.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The large-mouthed black bass. [Local]
3. A four-wheeled cab. [Slang, Eng.]
GROWLINGLY
Growl"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a growling manner.
GROWN
Grown,
Defn: p. p. of Grow.
GROWSE Growse, v. i. Etym: [Cf. gruesome, grcwsome, and G. grausen to make shudder, shiver.]
Defn: To shiver; to have chills. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Ray.
GROWTH
Growth, n. Etym: [Icel. groGrow.]
1. The process of growing; the gradual increase of an animal or a vegetable body; the development from a seed, germ, or root, to full size or maturity; increase in size, number, frequency, strength, etc.; augmentation; advancement; production; prevalence or influence; as, the growth of trade; the growth of power; the growth of intemperance. Idle weeds are fast in growth. Shak.
2. That which has grown or is growing; anything produced; product; consequence; effect; result. Nature multiplies her fertile growth. Milton.
GROWTHEAD
Growt"head`, n. Etym: [Lit., greathead.]
Defn: A lazy person; a blockhead. [Obs.] Tusser.
GROWTHFUL
Growth"ful, a.
Defn: Having capacity of growth. [R.] J. Hamilton.
GROYNE
Groyne, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Groin.
GROZING IRON
Gro"zing i"ron.
1. A tool with a hardened steel point, formerly used instead of a diamond for cutting glass.
2. (Plumbing)
Defn: A tool for smoothing the solder joints of lead pipe. Knight.
GRUB
Grub, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grubbed, p. pr. & vb. n. Grubbing (.] Etym:
[OE. grubbin., cf. E. grab, grope.]
1. To dig in or under the ground, generally for an object that is difficult to reach or extricate; to be occupied in digging.
2. To drudge; to do menial work. Richardson.
GRUB
Grub, v. t.
1. To dig; to dig up by the roots; to root out by digging; — followed by up; as, to grub up trees, rushes, or sedge. They do not attempt to grub up the root of sin. Hare.
2. To supply with food. [Slang] Dickens.
GRUB
Grub, n.
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The larva of an insect, especially of a beetle; — called also grubworm. See Illust. of Goldsmith beetle, under Goldsmith. Yet your butterfly was a grub. Shak.
2. A short, thick man; a dwarf. [Obs.] Carew.
3. Victuals; food. [Slang] Halliwell. Grub ax or axe, a kind of mattock used in grubbing up roots, etc. — Grub breaker. Same as Grub hook (below). — Grub hoe, a heavy hoe for grubbing. — Grub hook, a plowlike implement for uprooting stumps, breaking roots, etc. — Grub saw, a handsaw used for sawing marble. — Grub Street, a street in London (now called Milton Street), described by Dr. Johnson as "much inhabited by writers of small histories, dictionaries, and temporary poems, whence any mean production is called grubstreet." As an adjective, suitable to, or resembling the production of, Grub Street. I 'd sooner ballads write, and grubstreet lays. Gap.
GRUBBER
Grub"ber, n.
Defn: One who, or that which, grubs; especially, a machine or tool of the nature of a grub ax, .grub hook, etc.
GRUBBLE
Grub"ble, v. t. & i. Etym: [Freq. of grub, but cf. grabble.]
Defn: To feel or grope in the dark. [Obs.] Dryden.
GRUBBY
Grub"by, a. Etym: [From Grub.]
Defn: Dirty; unclean. [Colloq.]
The grubby game of marbles. Lond. Sat. Rev.
GRUBBY
Grub"by, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any species of Cottus; a sculpin. [Local, U. S.]
GRUBWORM
Grub"worm, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Grub, n., 1.
And gnats and grubworms crowded on his view. C. Smart.
GRUCCHE
Grucche, v. i. Etym: [See Grudge.]
Defn: To murmur; to grumble. [Obs.]
What aileth you, thus for grucche and groan. Chaucer.
GRUDGE Grudge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grudger; p. pr. & vb. n. Grudging.] Etym: [OE. grutchen, gruchen, grochen, to murmur, grumble, OF. grochier, grouchier, grocier, groucier; cf. Icel. krytja to murmur, krutr a murmur, or E. grunt.]
1. To look upon with desire to possess or to appropriate; to envy (one) the possession of; to begrudge; to covet; to give with reluctance; to desire to get back again; — followed by the direct object only, or by both the direct and indirect objects. Tis not in thee To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train. Shak. I have often heard the Presbyterians say, they did not grudge us our employments. Swift. They have grudged us contribution. Shak.
2. To hold or harbor with malicioua disposition or purpose; to cherish enviously. [Obs.] Perish they That grudge one thought against your majesty ! Shak.
GRUDGE
Grudge, v. i.
1. To be covetous or envious; to show discontent; to murmur; to complain; to repine; to be unwilling or reluctant. Grudge not one against another. James v. 9. He eats his meat without grudging. Shak.
2. To feel compunction or grief. [Obs.] Bp. Fisher.
GRUDGE
Grudge, n.
1. Sullen malice or malevolence; cherished malice, enmity, or dislike; ill will; an old cause of hatred or quarrel. Esau had conceived a mortal grudge and eumity against hie brother Jacob. South. The feeling may not be envy; it may not be imbittered by a grudge. I. Taylor.
2. Slight symptom of disease. [Obs.] Our shaken monarchy, that now lies . . . struggling againat the grudges of more dreaded calamities. Milton.
Syn.
— Pique; aversion; dislike; ill will; hatred; spite. See Pique.
GRUDGEFUL
Grudge"ful, a.
Defn: Full of grudge; envious. "Grudgeful discontent." Spenser.
GRUDGEONS; GURGEONS Grud"geons, Gur"geons (, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. from P. grugir to craunch; cf. D. gruizen to crush, grind, and E. grout.]
Defn: Coarse meal. [Obs.]
GRUDGER
Grudg"er, n.
Defn: One who grudges.
GRUDGINGLY
Grudg"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grudging manner.
GRUDGINGNESS
Grudg"ing*ness, n.
Defn: The state or quality of grudging, or of being full of grudge or unwillingness.
GRUEL Gru"el, n. Etym: [OF. gruel, F. gruau; of German origin; cf. OHG. gruzzi groats, G. grütze, As. grut. See Grout.]
Defn: A light, liquid food, made by boiling meal of maize, oatmeal, or fiour in water or milk; thin porridge.
GRUELLY
Gru"el*ly, a.
Defn: Like gruel; of the consistence of gruel.
GRUESOME
Grue"some, a.
Defn: Same as Grewsome. [Scot.]
GRUF
Gruf, adv. Etym: [Cf. Grovel.]
Defn: Forwards; with one's face to the ground. [Obs.]
They fellen gruf, and cryed piteously. Chaucer.
GRUFF Gruff, a. [Compar. Gruffer (; superl. Gruffest.] Etym: [D. grof; akin to G. grob, OHG. gerob, grob, Dan. grov, Sw. grof, perh. akin to AS. rcófan to break, Z. reavc, rupture, g- standing for the AS. prefix ge-, Goth. ga-.]
Defn: Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or countenance; sour; surly;
severe; harsh. Addison.
Gruff, disagreeable, sarcastic remarks. Thackeray.
— Gruff"ly, adv.
— Gruff"ness, n.
GRUGRU PALM
Gru"gru palm". (Bot.)
Defn: A West Indian name for several kinds of palm. See Macaw tree, under Macaw. [Written also grigri palm.]
GRUGRU WORM
Gru"gru worm". (Zoöl.)
Defn: The larva or grub of a large South American beetle (Calandra palmarum), which lives in the pith of palm trees and sugar cane. It is eaten by the natives, and esteemed a delicacy.
GRUM Grum, a. Etym: [Cf. Dan. grum furious, Sw. grym, AS. gram, and E. grim, and grumble.
1. Morose; severe of countenance; sour; surly; glum; grim. "Nick looked sour and grum." Arbuthnof.
2. Low; deep in the throat; guttural; rumbling; as,
GRUMBLE Grum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Grunbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Grumbling.] Etym: [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. sq. root35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]
1. To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner. L'Avare, not using half his store, Still grumbles that he has no more. Prior.
2. To growl; to snarl in deep tones; as, a lion grumbling over his prey.
3. To rumble; to make a low, harsh, and heavy sound; to mutter; as, the distant thunder grumbles.
GRUMBLE
Grum"ble, v. t.
Defn: To express or utter with grumbling.
GRUMBLE
Grum"ble, n.
1. The noise of one that grumbles.
2. A grumbling, discontented disposition. A bad case of grumble. Mrs. H. H. Jacksn.
GRUMBLER
Grum"bler, n.
Defn: One who grumbles.
GRUMBLINGLY
Grum"bling*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grumbling manner.
GRUME Grume, n. Etym: [OF. grume, cf. F. grumeau a little heap, clot of blood, dim. fr. L. grumus.]
Defn: A thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of blood. Quincy.
GRUMLY
Grum"ly, adv.
Defn: In a grum manner.
GRUMOSE
Gru*mose", a. (Bot.)
Defn: Clustered in grains at intervals; grumous.
GRUMOUS
Gru"mous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. grumeleux. See Grume.]
1. Resembling or containing grume; thick; concreted; clotted; as, grumous blood.
2. (Bot.)
Defn: See Grumose.
GRUMOUSNESS
Gru"mous*ness, n.
Defn: The state of being grumous.
GRUMPILY gRUMPI*LY, ADV.
Defn: In a surly manner; sullenly. [Colloq.]
GRUMPY gRUMPY, a. Etym: [Cf. Grumblle, and Grum.]
Defn: Surly; dissatisfied; grouty. [Collog.] Ferby.
GRUNDEL
Grun"del, n. Etym: [See Groundling.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A groundling (fish). [Prov. Eng.]
GRUNDSEL
Grundsel, n.
Defn: Grounsel. [Obs.]
GRUNDYISM
Grun"dy*ism, n.
Defn: Narrow and unintelligent conventionalism. — Grun"dy*ist, n.
GRUNT
Grunt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Grunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grunting.] Etym:
[OE. grunten; akin to As. grunian, G. grunzen, Dan. grynte, Sw.
grymta; all prob. of imitative; or perh. akin to E. groan.]
Defn: To make a deep, short noise, as a hog; to utter a short groan
or a deep guttural sound.
Who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life. Shak.
Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak.
GRUNT
Grunt, n.
1. A deep, guttural sound, as of a hog.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of several species of American food fishes, of the genus Hæmulon, allied to the snappers, as, the black grunt (A. Plumieri), and the redmouth grunt (H. aurolineatus), of the Southern United States; — also applied to allied species of the genera Pomadasys, Orthopristis, and Pristopoma. Called also pigfish, squirrel fish, and grunter; — so called from the noise it makes when taken.
GRUNTER
Grunt"er, n.
1. One who, or that which, grunts; specifically, a hog. "Bristled grunters." Tennyson.
2. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several American marine fishes. See Sea robin, and
Grunt, n., 2.
3. (Brass Founding)
Defn: A hook used in lifting a crucible.
GRUNTINGLY
Grunt"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: In a grunting manner.
GRUNTLE
Grun"tle, v. i. Etym: [Freq. of grunt.]
Defn: To grunt; to grunt repeatedly. [Obs.]
GRUNTLING
Grunt"ling, n.
Defn: A young hog.
GRUTCH
Grutch, v.
Defn: See Grudge. [Obs.] Hudibras.
GRUYERE CHEESE
Gru"yère` cheese
Defn: '' (Gruyère, Switzerland. It is a firm cheese containing numerous cells, and is known in the United States as Schweitzerkäse.
GRY
Gry, n. Etym: [Gr
1. A measure equal to one tenth of a line. [Obs.] Locke.
2. Anything very small, or of little value. [R.]
GRYDE
Gryde, v. i.
Defn: To gride. See Gride. Spenser.
GRYFON
Gryf"on, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Griffin. Spenser.
GRYLLUS
Gryl"lus, n. Etym: [L., locust.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of insects including the common crickets.
GRYPE
Grype, v. t.
Defn: To gripe. [Obs.] See Gripe. Spenser.
GRYPE
Grype, n. Etym: [Gr. gry`f, grypo`s, griffin. See Griffin.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A vulture; the griffin. [Written also gripe.] [Obs.]
GRYPHAEA Gry*phæ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. I gryphus, or qryps, gen. gryphis, a griffin.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A genus of cretaceous fossil shells allied to the oyster.
GRYPHITE
Gryph"ite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gryphite.] (Paleon.)
Defn: A shell of the genus Gryphea.
GRYPHON
Gryph"on, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The griffin vulture.
GRYSBOK
Grys"bok n. Etym: [D. grijs gray + bok buck.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small South African antelope (Neotragus melanotis). It is speckled with gray and chestnut, above; the under parts are reddish fawn.
GUACHARO Gua*cha"ro, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. guácharo sickly, dropsical, guacharaca a sort of bird.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A nocturnal bird of South America and Trinidad (Steatornis
Caripensis, or S. steatornis); — called also oilbird.
Note: It resembles the goatsuckers and nighthawks, but feeds on fruits, and nests in caverns. A pure oil, used in place of butter, is extracted from the young by the natives.
GUACHO
Gua"cho, n.; pl. Guachos ( Etym: [Spanish American.]
1. One of the mixed-blood (Spanish-Indian) inhabitants of the pampas of South America; a mestizo.
2. An Indian who serves as a messenger.
GUACO Gua"co, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A plant (Aristolochia anguicida) of Carthagena, used as an antidote to serpent bites. Lindley. (b) The Mikania Guaco, of Brazil, used for the same purpose.
GUAIAC
Gua"iac, a. Etym: [See Guaiacum.]
Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, guaiacum.
— n. Guaiacum.
GUAIACOL
Guai"a*col, n. [Guaiacum + -ol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless liquid, C7H8O2, with a peculiar odor. It is the methyl ether of pyrocatechin, and is obtained by distilling guaiacum from wood-tar creosote, and in other ways. It has been used in treating pulmonary tuberculosis.
GUAIACUM
Gua"ia*cum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Sp. guayaco, from native name in
Hayti.]
1. (Bot.)
Defn: A genus of small, crooked trees, growing in tropical America.
2. The heart wood or the resin of the Guaiacum offinale or lignum- vitæ, a large tree of the West Indies and Central America. It is much used in medicine. [Written also guaiac.]
GUAN
Guan, n. ((Zoöl.)
Defn: Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Certal and South America, belonging to Penelope, Pipile, Ortalis, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated.
GUANA
Gua"na, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: See Iguana.
GUANACO
Gua*na"co, n.; pl. Guanacos. Etym: [Sp. guanaco, Peruv. huanacu. Cf.
Huanaco.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: A South American mammal (Auchenia huanaco), allied to the llama, but of larger size and more graceful form, inhabiting the southern Andes and Patagonia. It is supposed by some to be the llama in a wild state. [Written also huanaco.]
GUANIDINE
Gua"ni*dine, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A strongly alkaline base, CN3H5, formed by the oxidation of guanin, and also obtained combined with methyl in the decomposition of creatin. Boiled with dilute sulphuric acid, it yields urea and ammonia.
GUANIFEROUS
Gua*nif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Guano + -ferous.]
Defn: Yielding guano. Ure.
GUANIN
Gua"nin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)
Defn: A crystalline substance (C5H5N5O) contained in guano. It is also a constituent of the liver, pancreas, and other glands in mammals.
GUANO
Gua"no, n.; pl. Guanos. Etym: [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.]
Defn: A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer.
GUARA Gua"ra, n. Etym: [Braz. guará.] (Zoöl.) (a) The scarlet ibis. See Ibis. (b) A large-maned wild dog of South America (Canis jubatus) — named from its cry.
GUARANA
Gua"ra*na`, n. Etym: [Pg.] (Med.)
Defn: A preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorbilis, a woody climber of Brazil, used in making an astringent drink, and also in the cure of headache.
GUARANINE
Gua"ra*nine`, n. (Chem.)
Defn: An alkaloid extracted from guarana. Same as Caffeine.
GUARANTEE
Guar`an*tee", n.; pl. Guarantees. Etym: [For guaranty, prob.
influenced by words like assignee, lessee, etc. See Guaranty, and cf.
Warrantee.]
1. In law and common usage: A promise to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some duty, in case of the failure of another person, who is, in the first instance, liable to such payment or performance; an engagement which secures or insures another against a contingency; a warranty; a security. Same as Guaranty. His interest seemed to be a guarantee for his zeal. Macaulay.
2. One who binds himself to see an undertaking of another performed; a guarantor. South.
Note: Guarantor is the correct form in this sense.
3. (Law)
Defn: The person to whom a guaranty is made; — the correlative of guarantor.
Syn. — Guarantee, Warranty. A guarantee is an engagement that a certain act will be done or not done in future. A warranty is an engagement as to the qualities or title of a thing at the time of the engagement.
GUARANTEE
Guar"an*tee`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. guaranteed; p, pr. & vb. n.
Guaranteeing.] Etym: [From Guarantee, n.]
Defn: In law and common usage: to undertake or engage for the payment of (a debt) or the performance of (a duty) by another person; to undertake to secure (a possession, right, claim, etc.) to another against a specified contingency, or at all avents; to give a guarantee concerning; to engage, assure, or secure as a thing that may be depended on; to warrant; as, to guarantee the execution of a treaty. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government. Constitution of the U. S.
GUARANTOR Guar"an*tor`, n. Etym: [See Guaranty, and cf. Warrantor.] (Law) (a) One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor; a surety. (b) One who engages to secure another in any right or possession.
GUARANTY Guar"an*ty, n.; pl. Guaranies. Etym: [OF. guarantie, garantie, F. garantie, OF. guarantir, garantir, to warrant, to guaranty, E. garantir, fr. OF. guarant, garant, a warranter, F. garant; of German origin, and from the same word as warranty. See Warrant, and cf. Warranty, Guarantee.]
Defn: In law and common usage: An undertaking to answer for the payment of some debt, or the performance of some contract or duty, of another, in case of the failure of such other to pay or perform; a guarantee; a warranty; a security.
GUARANTY
Guar"an*ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarantied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Guarantying.] Etym: [From Guaranty, n.]
Defn: In law and common usage: To undertake or engage that another person shall perform (what he hass stipulated); to undertake to be answerable for (the debt or default of another); to engage to answer for the performance of (some promise or duty by another) in case of a failure by the latter to perform; to undertake to secure (something) to another, as in the case of a contingency. See Guarantee, v. t.
Note: Guaranty agrees in form with warranty. Both guaranty and guarantee are well authorized by legal writers in the United States. The prevailing spelling, at least for the verb, is guarantee.
GUARD
Guard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guarded; p. pr. &, vb. n. Gurding.] Etym:
[OF. guarder, garder, warder, F. garder, fr. OHG. wart to be on the
watch, await, G. marten. See Ward, v. & n., and cf. Guard, n.]
1. To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend; to shelter; to shield from surprise or attack; to protect by attendance; toaccompany for protection; to vare for. For Heaven still guards the right. Shak.
2. To keep watch over, in order to prevent escape or restrain from acts of violence, or the like.
3. To protect the edge of, esp. with an ornamental border; hence, to face or ornament with lists, laces, etc. The body of your discourse it sometime guarded with fragments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither. Shak.
4. To fasten by binding; to gird. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Syn.
— To defend, protect, shield; keep; watch.
GUARD
Guard (gärd), v. i.
Defn: To watch by way of caution or defense; to be caution; to be in a state or position of defense or safety; as, careful persons guard against mistakes.
GUARD
Guard, n. Etym: [OF. guarde, F. garde; of German origin; cf. OHG.
wart, marto, one who watches, mata a watching, Goth. wardja watchman.
See Guard, v. t.]
1. One who, or that which, guards from injury, danger, exposure, or attack; defense; protection. His greatness was no guard to bar heaven's shaft. Shak.
2. A man, or body of men, stationed to protect or control a person or position; a watch; a sentinel. The guard which kept the door of the king's house. Kings xiv. 27.
3. One who has charge of a mail coach or a railway train; a conductor. [Eng.]
4. Any fixture or attachment designed to protect or secure against injury, soiling, or defacement, theft or loss; as: (a) That part of a sword hilt which protects the hand. (b) Ornamental lace or hem protecting the edge of a garment. (c) A chain or cord for fastening a watch to one's person or dress. (d) A fence or rail to prevent falling from the deck of a vessel. (e) An extension of the deck of a vessel beyond the hull; esp., in side-wheel steam vessels, the framework of strong timbers, which curves out on each side beyond the paddle wheel, and protects it and the shaft against collision. (f) A plate of metal, beneath the stock, or the lock frame, of a gun or pistol, having a loop, called a bow, to protect the trigger. (g) (Bookbinding) An interleaved strip at the back, as in a scrap book, to guard against its breaking when filled.
5. A posture of defense in fencing, and in bayonet and saber exercise.
6. An expression or admission intended to secure against objections
or censure.
They have expressed themselves with as few guards and restrictions as
I. Atterbury.
7. Watch; heed; care; attention; as, to keep guard.
8. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The fibrous sheath which covers the phragmacone of the
Belemnites.
Note: Guard is often used adjectively or in combination; as, guard boat or guardboat; guardroom or guard room; guard duty. Advanced guard, Coast guard, etc. See under Advanced, Coast, etc. — Grand guard (Mil.), one of the posts of the second line belonging to a system of advance posts of an army. Mahan. — Guard boat. (a) A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to see that their officers keep a good lookout. (b) A boat used by harbor authorities to enforce the observance of quarantine regulations. — Guard cells (Bot.), the bordering cells of stomates; they are crescent-shaped and contain chlorophyll. — Guard chamber, a guardroom. — Guard detail (Mil.men from a company regiment etc., detailed for guard duty. — Guard duty (Mil.), the duty of watching patrolling, etc., performed by a sentinel or sentinels. — Guard lock (Engin.), a tide lock at the mouth of a dock or basin. — Guard of honor (Mil.), a guard appointed to receive or to accompany eminent persons. — Guard rail (Railroads), a rail placed on the inside of a main rail, on bridges, at switches, etc., as a safeguard against derailment. — Guard ship, a war vessel appointed to superintend the marine affairs in a harbor, and also, in the English service, to receive seamen till they can be distributed among their respective ships. — Life guard (Mil.), a body of select troops attending the person of a prince or high officer. — Off one's guard, in a careless state; inattentive; unsuspicious of danger. — On guard, serving in the capacity of a guard; doing duty as a guard or sentinel; watching. — On one's guard, in a watchful state; alert; vigilant. — To mount guard (Mil.), to go on duty as a guard or sentinel. — To run the guard, to pass the watch or sentinel without leave.
Syn. — Defense; shield; protection; safeguard; convoy; escort; care; attention; watch; heed.
GUARDABLE
Guard"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gardable. See Guard, v. t.]
Defn: Capable of being guarded or protected.
GUARDAGE
Guard"age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. wardage. See Guard, v. t.]
Defn: Wardship [Obs.] Shak.
GUARDANT
Guard"ant, a. Etym: [OF. guardant, p. pr. of guard. See Guard, v. t.]
1. Acting as guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
2. (Her.)
Defn: Same as Gardant.
GUARDANT
Guard"ant, n.
Defn: A guardian. [Obs.] Shak.
GUARDED
Guard"ed, a.
Defn: Cautious; wary; circumspect; as, he was guarded in his
expressions; framed or uttered with caution; as, his expressions were
guarded.
— Guard"edly, adv.
— Guard"ed*ness, n.
GUARDENAGE
Guard"en*age, n.
Defn: Guardianship. [Obs. & R.] " His tuition and guardenage."
Holland.
GUARDER
Guard"er, n.
Defn: One who guards.
GUARDFISH
Guard"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The garfish.
GUARDFUL
Guard"ful, a.
Defn: Cautions; wary; watchful. [Obs. or Poetic.] — Guard"ful*ly, adv.
GUARDHOUSE
Guard"house`, n. (Mil.)
Defn: A building which is occupied by the guard, and in which soldiers are confined for misconduct; hence, a lock-up.
GUARDIAN Guard"i*an, n. Etym: [OF. guardain, gardien, F. gardien, LL. guardianus. See Guard, v. t., and cf. Wasden.]
1. One who guards, preserves, or secures; one to whom any person or thing is committed for protection, security, or preservation from injury; a warden.
2. (Law)
Defn: One who has, or is entitled to, the custody of the person or property of an infant, a minor without living parents, or a person incapable of managing his own affairs. Of the several species of guardians, the first are guardians by nature. — viz., the father and (in some cases) the mother of the child. Blockstone. Guardian ad litem ( (Law), a guardian appointed by a court of justice to conduct a particular suit. — Guardians of the poor, the members of a board appointed or elected to care for the relief of the poor within a township, or district.
GUARDIAN
Guard"i*an, a.
Defn: Performing, or appropriate to, the office of a protector; as, a guardian care. Feast of Guardian Angels (R. C. Ch.) a church festival instituted by Pope Paul V., and celebrated on October 2d. — Guardian angel. (a) The particular spiritual being believed in some branches of the Christian church to have guardianship and protection of each human being from birth. (b) Hence, a protector or defender in general. O. W. Holmes. — Guardian spirit, in the belief of many pagan nations, a spirit, often of a deceased relative or friend, that presides over the interests of a household, a city, or a region.
GUARDIANAGE
Guard"i*an*age, n.
Defn: Guardianship. [Obs.]
GUARDIANCE
Guard"i*ance, n.
Defn: Guardianship. [Obs.]
GUARDIANESS
Guard"i*an*ess, n.
Defn: A female guardian.
I have placed a trusty, watchful guardianess. Beau. & Fl.
GUARDIANLESS
Guard"i*an*less, a.
Defn: Without a guardian. Marston.
GUARDIANSHIP
Guard"i*an*ship, n.
Defn: The office, duty, or care, of a guardian; protection; care; watch.
GUARDLESS
Guard"less, a.
Defn: Without a guard or defense; unguarded. Chapman.
GUARDROOM
Guard"room`, n. (Mil.)
Defn: The room occupied by the guard during its term of duty; also, a room where prisoners are confined.
GUARDS
Guards (gärdz), n. pl.
Defn: A body of picked troops; as, "The Household Guards."
GUARDSHIP
Guard"ship, n.
Defn: Care; protection. [Obs.] Swift.
GUARDSMAN
Guards"man, n.; pl. Guardsmen (.
1. One who guards; a guard.
2. A member, either officer or private, of any military body called Guards.
GUARISH
Guar"ish, v. t. Etym: [OF. guarir, garir, F. guérir.]
Defn: To heal. [Obs.] Spenser.
GUATEMALA GRASS
Gua`te*ma"la grass". (Bot.)
Defn: See Teosinte.
GUAVA Gua"va, n. Etym: [Sp. guayaba the guava fruit, guayabo the guava tree; prob. fr. the native West Indian name.]
Defn: A tropical tree, or its fruit, of the genus Psidium. Two varieties are well known, the P. pyriferum, or white guava, and P. pomiferum, or red guava. The fruit or berry is shaped like a pomegranate, but is much smaller. It is somewhat astringent, but makes a delicious jelly.
GUBERNANCE
Gu"ber*nance, n.
Defn: Government. [Obs.]
GUBERNATE
Gu"ber*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. gubernatus, p. p. of gubernare. See
Govern.]
Defn: To govern. [Obs.] Cockeram.
GUBERNATION
Gu"ber*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. gubernatio.]
Defn: The act of governing; government [Obs.] I. Watts.
GUBERNATIVE
Gu"ber*na*tive, a.
Defn: Governing. [Obs.]
GUBERNATORIAL
Gu"ber*na*to`ri*al, a. Etym: [L. gubernator governor. See Gabernate.]
Defn: Pertaining to a governor, or to government.
GUDGEON Gud"geon, n. Etym: [OE. gojon, F. goujon, from L. gobio, or gob, Gr. 1st Goby. ]
1. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A small European freshwater fish (Gobio fluviatilis), allied to the carp. It is easily caught and often used for food and for bait. In America the killifishes or minnows are often called gudgeons.
2. What may be got without skill or merit. Fish not, with this melancholy bait, For this fool gudgeon, this opinion. Shak.
3. A person easily duped or cheated. Swift.
4. (Mach.)
Defn: The pin of iron fastened in the end of a wooden shaft or axle, on which it turns; formerly, any journal, or pivot, or bearing, as the pintle and eye of a hinge, but esp. the end journal of a horizontal.
6. (Naut.)
Defn: A metal eye or socket attached to the sternpost to receive the pintle of the rudder. Ball gudgeon. See under Ball.
GUDGEON
Gud"geon, v. t.
Defn: To deprive fraudulently; to cheat; to dupe; to impose upon.
[R.]
To be gudgeoned of the opportunities which had been given you. Sir
IV. Scott.
GUE
Gue, n.
Defn: A sharper; a rogue. [Obs.] J. Webstar.
GUEBER; GUEBRE
Gue"ber Gue"bre, n.
Defn: Same as Gheber.
GUELDERROSE
Guel"der*rose, n. Etym: [Supposed to be brought from Guelderland;
hence, D. Geldersche roos, G. Gelderische rose, F. rose de Gueldre,
It. rose di Gueldra, Sp. rosa de Gueldres.] (Bot.)
Defn: A cultivated variety of a species of Viburnum (V. Opulus), bearing large bunches of white flowers; — called also snowball tree.
GUELPH; GUELF Guelph, Guelf, n. Etym: [It. Guelfo, from Welf, the name of a German family.] (Hist.)
Defn: One of a faction in Germany and Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which supported the House of Guelph and the pope, and opposed the Ghibellines, or faction of the German emperors.
GUELPHIC; GUELFIC
Guelph"ic, Guelf"ic, a.
Defn: Of or pertaining to the family or the facttion of the Guelphs.
GUENON
Guenon", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several long-tailed Oriental monkeys, of the genus
Cercocebus, as the green monkey and grivet.
GUEPARDE
Gue`parde", n. Etym: [Cf. F. guépard.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: The cheetah.
GUERDON Guer"don, n. Etym: [OF. guerdon, guerredon, LL. widerdonum (influenced by L. donum gift, cf. Donation ), fr. OHG. widarl; widar again, against (G. wider wieder) + lon reward, G. lohn, akin to AS. leán Goth. laun. See Withers.]
Defn: A reward; requital; recompense; — used in both a good and a
bad sense. Macaulay.
So young as to regard men's frown or smile As loss or guerdon of a
glorious lot. Byron.
He shall, by thy revenging hand, at once receive the just guerdon of
all his former villainies. Knolles.
GUERDON
Guer"don, v. t. Etym: [OF. guerdonner, guerredonner. See Guerdon, n.]
Defn: To give guerdon to; to reward; to be a recompense for. [R.]
Him we gave a costly bribe To guerdon silence. Tennyson.
GUERDONABLE
Guer"don*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. guerredonable.]
Defn: Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck.
GUERDONLESS
Guer"don*less, a.
Defn: Without reward or guerdon.
GUEREZA
Gue*re"za, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A beautiful Abyssinian monkey (Colobus guereza), having the body black, with a fringe of long, silky, white hair along the sides, and a tuft of the same at the end of the tail. The frontal band, cheeks, and chin are white.
GUERILLA
Gue*ril"la, a.
Defn: See Guerrilla.
GUERITE
Guer"ite, n. Etym: [F. guérite.] (Fort.)
Defn: A projecting turret for a sentry, as at the salient angles of works, or the acute angles of bastions.
GUERNSEY LILY
Guern"sey lil"y. (Bot.)
Defn: A South African plant (Nerine Sarniensis) with handsome lilylike flowers, naturalized on the island of Guernsey.
GUERRILLA Guer*ril"la, n. Etym: [Sp., lit., a little war, skirmish, dim. of guerra war, fr. OHG. werra discord, strife. See War.]
1. An irregular mode of carrying on war, by the constant attacks of independent bands, adopted in the north of Spain during the Peninsular war.
2. One who carries on, or assists in carrying on, irregular warfare; especially, a member of an independent band engaged in predatory excursions in war time.
Note: The term guerrilla is the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, war, and means petty war, that is, war carried on by detached parties; generally in the mountains. . . . A guerrilla party means, an irregular band of armed men, carrying on an irregular war, not being able, according to their character as a guerrilla party, to carry on what the law terms a regular war. F. Lieder.
GUERRILLA
Guer*ril"la, a.
Defn: Pertaining to, or engaged in, warfare carried on irregularly and by independent bands; as, a guerrilla party; guerrilla warfare.
GUESS Guess, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Guessing.] Etym: [OE. gessen; akin to Dan. gisse, Sw. gissa, Icel. gizha, D. gissen: cf. Dan. giette to guess, Icel. geta to get, to guess. Probably originally, to try to get, and akin to E. get. See Get.]
1. To form an opinion concerning, without knowledge or means of knowledge; to judge of at random; to conjecture. First, if thou canst, the harder reason guess. Pope.
2. To judge or form an opinion of, from reasons that seem preponderating, but are not decisive. We may then guess how far it was from his design. Milton. Of ambushed men, whom, by their arms and dress, To be Taxallan enemies I guess. Dryden.
3. To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly; as, he who guesses the riddle shall have the ring; he has guessed my designs.
4. To hit upon or reproduce by memory. [Obs.] Tell me their words, as near as thou canst guess them. Shak.
5. To think; to suppose; to believe; to imagine; — followed by an
objective clause.
Not all together; better far, I guess, That we do make our entrance
several ways. Shak.
But in known images of life I guess The labor greater. Pope.
Syn. — To conjecture; suppose; surmise; suspect; divine; think; imagine; fancy. — To Guess, Think, Reckon. Guess denotes, to attempt to hit upon at random; as, to guess at a thing when blindfolded; to conjecture or form an opinion on hidden or very slight grounds: as, to guess a riddle; to guess out the meaning of an obscure passage. The use of the word guess for think or believe, although abundantly sanctioned by good English authors, is now regarded as antiquated and objectionable by discriminating writers. It may properly be branded as a colloguialism and vulgarism when used respecting a purpose or a thing about which there is no uncertainty; as, I guess I 'll go to bed.
GUESS
Guess, v. i.
Defn: To make a guess or random judgment; to conjecture; — with at,
about, etc
This is the place, as well as I may guess. Milton.
GUESS
Guess, n.
Defn: An opinion as to anything, formed without sufficient or decisive evidence or grounds; an attempt to hit upon the truth by a random judgment; a conjecture; a surmise. A poet must confess His art 's like physic — but a happy guess. Dryden.
GUESSABLE
Guess"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being guessed.
GUESSER
Guess"er, n.
Defn: One who guesses; one who forms or gives an opinion without means of knowing.
GUESSINGLY
Guess"ing*ly, adv.
Defn: By way of conjecture. Shak.
GUESSIVE
Guess"ive, a.
Defn: Conjectural. [Obs.] Feltham.
GUESS ROPE
Guess" rope". (Naut.)
Defn: A guess warp.
GUESS WARP
Guess" warp". (Naut.)
Defn: A rope or hawser by which a vessel is towed or warped along; — so called because it is necessary to guess at the length to be carried in the boat making the attachment to a distant object.
GUESSWORK
Guess"work`, n.
Defn: Work performed, or results obtained, by guess; conjecture.
GUEST Guest, n. Etym: [OE. gest, AS. gæst, gest; akin to OS., D., & G. gust, Icel gestr, Sw. gäst, Dan. Gjäst, Goth. gast, Russ. goste, and to L. hostis enemy, stranger; the meaning stranger is the older one, but the root is unknown. Cf. Host an army, Hostile.]
1. A visitor; a person received and entertained in one's house or at one's table; a visitor entertained without pay. To cheer his gueste, whom he had stayed that night. Spenser. True friendship's laws are by this rule exprest. Welcome the coming, speed the parting guest. Pope.
GUEST
Guest, v. t.
Defn: To receive or entertain hospitably. [Obs.] Sylvester.
GUEST
Guest, v. i.
Defn: To be, or act the part of, a guest. [Obs.]
And tell me, best of princes, who he was That guested here so late.
Chapman.
GUEST ROPE
Guest" rope". (Naut.)
Defn: The line by which a boat makes fast to the swinging boom. Ham.
Nav. Encyc.
GUESTWISE
Guest"wise", adv.
Defn: In the manner of a guest.
GUEVI
Gue"vi, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several very small species and varieties of African antelopes, of the genus Cephalophus, as the Cape guevi or kleeneboc (C. pyg. mæa); — called also pygmy antelope.
GUFFAW
Guf*faw" (, n.
Defn: A loud burst of laughter, a horse laugh. "A hearty low guffaw."
Carlyle.
GUFFER
Guf"fer, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: The eelpout; guffer eel.
GUGGLE
Gug"gle, v. i.
Defn: See Gurgle.
GUHR
Guhr, n. Etym: [G.]
Defn: A loose, earthy deposit from water, found in the cavities or clefts of rocks, mostly white, but sometimes red or yellow, from a mixture of clay or ocher. P. Cleaveland.
GUIAC
Gui"ac, n.
Defn: Same as Guaiac.
GUIACOL
Gui"a*col, n. Etym: [Guiac + -ol.] (Chem.)
Defn: A colorless liquid, C6H4,OCH3.OH, resembling the phenols, found as a constituent of woodtar creosote, aud produced by the dry distillation of guaiac resin.
GUIACUM
Gui"a*cum, n.
Defn: Same as Guaiacum.
GUIB
Guib, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A West African antelope (Tragelaphus scriptus), curiously marked with white stripes and spots on a reddish fawn ground, and hence called harnessed antelope; — called also guiba.
GUICOWAR
Gui"co*war, n.
Defn: [Mahratta gaekwar, prop., a cowherd.] The title of the sovereign of Guzerat, in Western India; — generally called the Guicowar of Baroda, which is the capital of the country.
GUIDABLE
Guid"a*ble, a.
Defn: Capable of being guided; willing to be guided or counseled.
Sprat.
GUIDAGE
Guid"age, n. Etym: [See Guide.]
1. The reward given to a guide for services. [R.] Ainsworth.
2. Guidance; lead; direction. [R.] Southey.
GUIDANCE
Guid"ance, n. Etym: [See Guide.]
Defn: The act or result of guiding; the superintendence or assistance of a guide; direction; government; a leading. His studies were without guidance and without plan. Macaulay.
GUIDE Guide, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guided; p. pr. & vb. n. Guiding.] Etym: [OE. guiden, gyden, F. guiaer, It. guidare; prob. of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. ritan to watch over, give heed to, Icel. viti signal, AS. witan to know. The word prob. meant, to indicate, point to, and hence, to show the way. Cf. Wit, Guy a rope, Gye.]
1. To lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path; to pilot; as, to guide a traveler. I wish . . . you 'ld guide me to your sovereign's court. Shak.
2. To regulate and manage; to direct; to order; to superintend the training or education of; to instruct and influence intellectually or morally; to train. He will guide his affairs with discretion. Ps. cxii. 5. The meek will he guide in judgment. Ps. xxv. 9.
GUIDE
Guide, n. Etym: [OE. giae, F. guide, It. guida. See Guide, v. t.]
1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course, as in a strange land; one who exhibits points of interest to strangers; a conductor; also, that which guides; a guidebook.
2. One who, or that which, directs another in his conduct or course of lifo; a director; a regulator. He will be our guide, even unto death. Ps. xlviii. 14.
3. Any contrivance, especially one having a directing edge, surface, or channel, for giving direction to the motion of anything, as water, an instrument, or part of a machine, or for directing the hand or eye, as of an operator; as: (a) (Water Wheels) A blade or channel for directing the flow of water to the wheel buckets. (b) (Surgery)
Defn: A grooved director for a probe or knife. (c) (Printing) A strip or device to direct the compositor's eye to the line of copy he is setting.
4. (Mil.)
Defn: A noncommissioned officer or soldier placed on the directiug flank of each subdivision of a column of troops, or at the end of a line, to mark the pivots, formations, marches, and alignments in tactics. Farrow. Guide bar (Mach.), the part of a steam engine on which the crosshead slides, and by which the motion of the piston rod is kept parallel to the cylinder, being a substitute for the parallel motion; — called also guide, and slide bar. — Guide block (Steam Engine), a block attached in to the crosshead to work in contact with the guide bar. — Guide meridian. (Surveying) See under Meridian. — Guide pile (Engin.), a pile driven to mark a place, as a point to work to. — Guide pulley (Mach.), a pulley for directing or changing the line of motion of belt; an idler. Knight. — Guide rail (Railroads), an additional rail, between the others, gripped by horizontal driving wheels on the locomotive, as a means of propulsion on steep gradients.
GUIDEBOARD
Guide"board`, n.
Defn: A board, as upon a guidepost having upon it directions or information as to the road. Lowell.
GUIDEBOOK
Guide"book`, n.
Defn: A book of directions and information for travelers, tourists, etc.
GUIDELESS
Guide"less, a.
Defn: Without a guide. Dryden.
GUIDEPOST
Guide"post`, n.
Defn: A post at the fork of a road, with a guideboard on it, to direct travelers.
GUIDER
Guid"er, n.
Defn: A guide; a director. Shak.
GUIDERESS
Guid"er*ess, n.
Defn: A female guide. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GUIDE ROPE
Guide rope. (Aëronautics)
Defn: A rope hung from a balloon or dirigible so as trail along the ground for about half its length, used to preserve altitude automatically, by variation of the length dragging on the ground, without loss of ballast or gas.
GUIDGUID
Guid"guid`, n. (Zoöl.)
Defn: A South American ant bird of the genus Hylactes; — called also barking bird.
GUIDON
Gui"don, n. Etym: [F. guidon, It. guidone. See Guide, v. t.]
1. A small flag or streamer, as that carried by cavalry, which is broad at one end and nearly pointed at the other, or that used to direct the movements of a body of infantry, or to make signals at sea; also, the flag of a guild or fraternity. In the United States service, each company of cavalry has a guidon. The pendants and guidons were carried by the officer of the army. Evelyn.
2. One who carries a flag. Johnson.
3. One of a community established at Rome, by Charlemagne, to guide pilgrims to the Holy Land.
GUIGE
Guige, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Gige.
GUILD Guild, n. Etym: [OE. gilds, AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, a society or company where payment was made for its charge and support, fr. AS. gildan, gieldan, to pay. See Yield, v. t.]
1. An association of men belonging to the same class, or engaged in kindred pursuits, formed for mutual aid and protection; a business fraternity or corporation; as, the Stationers' Guild; the Ironmongers' Guild. They were originally licensed by the government, and endowed with special privileges and authority.
2. A guildhall. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. A religious association or society, organized for charitable purposes or for assistance in parish work.
GUILDABLE
Guild"a*ble, a.
Defn: Liable to a tax. [Obs.]
GUILDER
Guil"der, n. Etym: [D. gulden, orig., golden. Cf. Golden.]
Defn: A Dutch silver coin worth about forty cents; — called also florin and gulden.
GUILDHALL
Guild"hall`, n.
Defn: The hall where a guild or corporation usually assembles; a townhall.
GUILE Guile, n. Etym: [OE. guile, gile, OF. guile; of German origin, and the same word as E. wile. See Wile.]
Defn: Craft; deceitful cunning; artifice; duplicity; wile; deceit;
treachery.
Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. John i. 47.
To wage by force or guile eternal war. Milton.
GUILE
Guile, v. t. Etym: [OF. guiler. See Guile, n.]
Defn: To disguise or conceal; to deceive or delude. [Obs.] Spenser.
GUILEFUL
Guile"ful, a.
Defn: Full of guile; characterized by cunning, deceit, or treachery;
guilty.
— Guile"ful*ly, adv.
— Guile"ful*ness, n.
GUILELESS
Guile"less, a.
Defn: Free from guile; artless.
— Guile"less*ly, adv. Guile"less*ness, n.
GUILLEMET
Guil"le*met`, n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A quotation mark. [R.]
GUILLEMOT
Guil"le*mot`, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several northern sea birds, allied to the auks. They have short legs, placed far back, and are expert divers and swimmers.
Note: The common guillemots, or murres, belong to the genus Uria (as
U. troile); the black or foolish guillemot (Cepphus grylle, formerly
Uria grylle), is called also sea pigeon and eligny. See Murre.
GUILLEVAT Guil`le*vat" , n. Etym: [F. guilloire (fr. guiller to work, ferment)+ E. vat.]
Defn: A vat for fermenting liquors.
GUILLOCHE Guil"loche`, n. Etym: [F. guillochis; — said to be fr. Guillot, the inventor of a machine for carving it.] (Arch.)
Defn: An ornament in the form of two or more bands or strings twisted over each other in a continued series, leaving circular openings which are filled with round ornaments.
GUILLOCHED
Guil*loched", a.
Defn: Waved or engine-turned. Mollett.
GUILLOTINE Guil"lo*tine`, n. Etym: [F., from Guillotin, a French physician, who proposed, in the Constituent Assembly of 1789, to abolish decapitation with the ax or sword. The instrument was invented by Dr. Antoine Louis, and was called at first Louison or Louisette. Similar machines, however, were known earlier.]
1. A machine for beheading a person by one stroke of a heavy ax or blade, which slides in vertical guides, is raised by a cord, and let fall upon the neck of the victim.
2. Any machine or instrument for cutting or shearing, resembling in its action a guillotine.
GUILLOTINE
Guil"lo*tine`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guillotined; p. pr. & vb. n.
Guillotining.] Etym: [Cf. F. guillotiner.]
Defn: To behead with the guillotine.
GUILOR
Guil"or, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. guileor.]
Defn: A deceiver; one who deludes, or uses guile. [Obs.] Spenser.
GUILT Guilt, n. Etym: [OE. gilt, gult, AS. gylt, crime; probably originally signifying, the fine or mulct paid for an offence, and afterward the offense itself, and akin to AS. gieldan to pay, E. yield. See Yield, v. t.]
1. The criminality and consequent exposure to punishment resulting from willful disobedience of law, or from morally wrong action; teh state of one who has broken a moral or political law; crime; criminality; offense against right. Satan had not answer, but stood struck With guilt of his own sin. Milton.
2. Exposure to any legal penalty or forfeiture. A ship incurs guilt by the violation of a blockade. Kent.
GUILTILY
Guilt"i*ly, adv.
Defn: In a guilty manner.
GUILTINESS
Guilt"i*ness, n.
Defn: The quality or state of being guilty.
GUILTLESS
Guilt"less, a.
1. Free from guilt; innocent. The Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain. Ex. xx. 7.
2. Without experience or trial; unacquainted (with).
Such gardening tools, as art, yet rude, Guiltless of fire, had
formed. Milton.
— Guilt"less*ly, adv.
— Guilt"less*ness, n.
GUILT-SICK
Guilt"-sick`, a.
Defn: Made sick by consciousness of guilt. "A guilt-sick conscience."
Beau. c& El.
GUILTY Guilt"y, a. [Compar. Gultier; superl. Guiltiest.] Etym: [AS. gyltig liable. See Guilt.]
1. Having incurred guilt; criminal; morally delinquent; wicked; chargeable with, or responsible for, something censurable; justly exposed to penalty; — used with of, and usually followed by the crime, sometimes by the punishment. They answered and said, He is guilty of death. Matt. xxvi. 66. Nor he, nor you, were guilty of the strife. Dryden.
2. Evincing or indicating guilt; involving guilt; as, a guilty look; a guilty act; a guilty feeling.
3. Conscious; cognizant. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
4. Condemned to payment. [Obs. & R.] Dryden.
GUILTYLIKE
Guilt"y*like`, adv.
Defn: Guiltily. [Obs.] Shak.
GUIMPE
Guimpe, n. [F. See 2d Gimp.]
Defn: A kind of short chemisette, worn with a low-necked dress.
GUINEA
Guin"ea, n.
1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named.
2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. Pinkerton. Guinea corn. (Bot.) See Durra. — Guinea Current (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea.— Guinea dropper one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] Gay. — Guinea fowl, Guinea hen (Zoöl.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus Numida, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species (N. meleagris), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl (N. cristata) is a finer species.— Guinea grains (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See Amomum. — Guinea grass (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass (Panicum jumentorum) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. — Guinea-hen flower (Bot.), a liliaceous flower (Fritillaria Meleagris) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. — Guinea peach. See under Peach. — Guinea pepper (Bot.), the pods of the Xylopia aromatica, a tree of the order Anonaceæ, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of Piper Æthiopicum. —Guinea pig.
Note: [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zoöl.) A small Brazilian rodent (Cavia cobaya), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black. (b) A contemptuous sobriquet. Smollett. — Guinea plum (Bot.), the fruit of Parinarium excelsum, a large West African tree of the order Chrysobalaneæ, having a scarcely edible fruit somewhat resembling a plum, which is also called gray plum and rough-skin plum. — Guinea worm (Zoöl.), a long and slender African nematoid worm (Filaria Medinensis) of a white color. It lives in the cellular tissue of man, beneath the skin, and produces painful sores.
GUINEA-PIG DIRECTOR
Guin"ea-pig` di*rec"tor.
Defn: A director (usually one holding a number of directorships) who serves merely or mainly for the fee (in England, often a guinea) paid for attendance. [Colloq.]
GUIPURE
Gui*pure", n. Etym: [F.]
Defn: A term used for lace of different kinds; most properly for a lace of large pattern and heavy material which has no ground or mesh, but has the pattern held together by connecting threads called bars or brides.
GUIRLAND
Guir"land, n. [Obs.]
Defn: See Garland.
GUISE Guise, n. Etym: [OE. guise, gise, way, manner, F. guise, fr. OHG. wisa, G. weise. See Wise, n.]
1. Customary way of speaking or acting; custom; fashion; manner; behavior; mien; mode; practice; — often used formerly in such phrases as: at his own guise; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself. Chaucer. The swain replied, "It never was our guise To slight the poor, or aught humane despise." Pope.
2. External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape. As then the guise was for each gentle swain. Spenser. A . . . specter, in a far more terrific guise than any which ever yet have overpowered the imagination. Burke.
3. Cover; cloak; as, under the guise of patriotism.
GUISER
Guis"er, n. Etym: [From Guise.]
Defn: A person in disguise; a masker; a mummer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
GUITAR Gui*tar", n. Etym: [F. guitare; cf. Pr., Sp., & Pg.guitarra, It. chitarra; all fr. Gr. cithara. Cf. Cittern, Gittern.]
Defn: A stringed instrument of music resembling the lute or the violin, but larger, and having six strings, three of silk covered with silver wire, and three of catgut, — played upon with the fingers.
GUITGUIT
Guit"guit`, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: One of several species of small tropical American birds of the family Coerebidæ, allied to the creepers; — called also quit. See Quit.
GULA
Gu"la, n.; pl. L. GulÆ, E. Gulas. Etym: [L., the throat, gullet.]
1. (Zoöl.) (a) The upper front of the neck, next to the chin; the upper throat. (b) A plate which in most insects supports the submentum.
2. (Arch.)
Defn: A capping molding. Same as Cymatium.
GULAR
Gu"lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gulaire.] (Zoöl.)
Defn: Pertaining to the gula or throat; as, gular plates. See Illust. of Bird, and Bowfin.
GULAUND
Gu"laund, n. Etym: [Icel. gul-önd.]
Defn: An arctic sea bird.
GULCH
Gulch, n.
1. Act of gulching or gulping. [Obs.]
2. A glutton. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
3. A ravine, or part of the deep bed of a torrent when dry; a gully.
GULCH Gulch, v. t. Etym: [OE. gulchen; cf. dial. Sw. gölka to gulch, D. gulzig greedy, or E. gulp.]
Defn: To swallow greedily; to gulp down. [Obs.]
GULD
Guld, n.
Defn: A flower. See Gold. [Obs.] Chaucer.
GULDEN
Gul"den, n.
Defn: See Guilder.
GULE
Gule, v. t.
Defn: To give the color of gules to.
GULE
Gule, n.
Defn: The throat; the gullet. [Obs.]
Throats so wide and gules so gluttonous. Gauden.