G (part 1)

1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246.

Note: The form of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; — called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A.

GAB
Gab, n. Etym: [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine)

Defn: The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap.
See. Illust. of Eccentric.

GAB Gab, n. Etym: [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.]

Defn: The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.]

GAB Gab, v. i. Etym: [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.]

1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed.

GABARAGE
Gab"ar*age, n.

Defn: A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.]

GABARDINE; GABERDINE Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (, n. Etym: [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.]

Defn: A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak.

GABBER
Gab"ber, n.

1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.]

2. One addicted to idle talk.

GABBLE
Gab"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling.]
Etym: [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.]

1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak.

2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden.

GABBLE
Gab"ble, n.

1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton.

2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls.

GABBLER
Gab"bler, n.

Defn: One who gabbles; a prater.

GABBRO
Gab"bro, n. Etym: [It.] (Geol.)

Defn: A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro).

GABEL Ga"bel, n. Etym: [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an
excise. Burrill.
He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish. Jer.
Taylor.

GABELER
Ga"bel*er, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A collector of gabels or taxes.

GABELLE
Ga`belle", n. Etym: [F. See Gabel.]

Defn: A tax, especially on salt. [France] Brande & C.

GABELLEMAN
Ga*belle"man, n.

Defn: A gabeler. Carlyle.

GABERDINE
Gab`er*dine", n.

Defn: See Gabardine.

GABER-LUNZIE
Gab"er-lun`zie, n. Etym: [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.]

Defn: A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W.
Scott.

GABERT
Gab"ert, n. Etym: [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.]

Defn: A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson.

GABION Ga"bi*on, n.Etym: [F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire.

2. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement.

GABIONADE
Ga`bi*on*ade", n. Etym: [F. gabionnade.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire.

2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements.

GABIONAGE
Ga"bi*on*age, n. Etym: [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.)

Defn: The part of a fortification built of gabions.

GABIONED
Ga"bi*oned, p. a.

Defn: Furnished with gabions.

GABIONNADE
Ga`bion`nade", n.

Defn: See Gabionade.

GABLE
Ga"ble, n.

Defn: A cable. [Archaic] Chapman.

GABLE Ga"ble, n. Etym: [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. — Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. — Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). — Gable window, a window in a gable.

GABLET
Ga"blet, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc.

GABLOCK
Gab"lock, n. Etym: [See Gavelock.]

Defn: A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright.

GABY
Ga"by, n. Etym: [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.]

Defn: A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.]

GAD Gad, n. Etym: [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.]

1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead.

2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak.

3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad.

4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt.

5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.] Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon.

6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak.

GAD
Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.]

Defn: To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton. Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way Jer. ii. 36.

GADABOUT
Gad"a*bout`, n.

Defn: A gadder [Colloq.]

GADBEE
Gad"bee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gadfly.

GADDER
Gad"der, n.

Defn: One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip.

GADDING
Gad"ding, a. & n.

Defn: Going about much, needlessly or without purpose.
Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon.
The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson.
Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so
arranged as to drill a line of holes.

GADDINGLY
Gad"ding*ly, adv.

Defn: In a roving, idle manner.

GADDISH
Gad"dish, a.

Defn: Disposed to gad.
— Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton.

GADE Gade, n. Etym: [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; — called also gead. [Prov. Eng.]

GADERE; GADRE
Gad"er*e, Gad"re (, v. t. & i.

Defn: To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GADFLY
Gad"fly`, n.; pl. Gadflies. Etym: [Gad + fly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies.

Note: The sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larvæ develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larvæ or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies. Gadfly petrel (Zoöl.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata.

GADHELIC
Gadhel"ic (gal"îk), a. Etym: [See Gaelic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile.

GADIC
Gad"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); — applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid.

GADITANIAN
Gad`i*ta`ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.]

Defn: Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cadiz.

GADLING
Gad"ling, n. Etym: [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Mediæval Armor) [R.]

Defn: See Gad, n., 4.

GADLING
Gad"ling, a. Etym: [See Gad, v. i.]

Defn: Gadding about. [Obs.]

GADLING
Gad"ling, n.

Defn: A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

GADMAN
Gadman, n.

Defn: A gadsman.

GADOID Ga"doid, a. Etym: [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gadoïde gadoid, Gr. gade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadidæ) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. — n.

Defn: One of the Gadidæ. [Written also gadid.]

GADOLINIA
Gad`o*lin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc.

GADOLINIC
Gad`o*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to or containing gadolinium.

GADOLINITE
Gad"o*lin*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron.

GADOLINIUM
Gad`o*lin"i*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.)

Defn: A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined.

GADSMAN
Gads"man, n.

Defn: One who uses a gad or goad in driving.

GADUIN
Gad"u*in, n.Etym: [NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil.

GADWALL
Gad"wall, n. Etym: [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; — called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.]

GAEKWAR Gaek"war, n. [Also Gaikwar, Guicowar.] [Marathi gaekwar, prop., a cowherd.]

Defn: The title of the ruling Prince of Baroda, in Gujarat, in
Bombay, India.

GAEL
Gael, n.sing. & pl. Etym: [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin.

GAELIC
Gael"ic, a. Etym: [Gael. Gàidhealach, Gaelach, from Gàidheal, Gael, a
Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of
Scotland; as, the Gaelic language.

GAELIC
Gael"ic, n. Etym: [Gael. Gaelig, Gàilig.]

Defn: The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland.
It is a branch of the Celtic.

GAFF Gaff, n. Etym: [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.]

1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended.

3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright.

GAFF
Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.]

Defn: To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon.

GAFFER Gaf"fer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.]

1. An old fellow; an aged rustic. Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes.

Note: Gaffer was originally a respectful title, now degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life.

2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.]

GAFFLE
Gaf"fle, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel,
G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.]

1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks.

2. A lever to bend crossbows.

GAFF-TOPSAIL
Gaff`-top"sail, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast.

GAG
Gag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging.] Etym:
[Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening,
entrance.]

1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell. The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay.

2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag. Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ).

3. To cause to heave with nausea.

GAG
Gag, v. i.

1. To heave with nausea; to retch.

2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag.

GAG
Gag, n.

1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking.

2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb.

3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. — Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein.

GAGATE
Gag"ate (; 48), n. Etym: [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.]

Defn: Agate. [Obs.] Fuller.

GAGE
Gage, n. Etym: [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf.
Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage,
n.]

1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security. Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys.

2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak.

GAGE Gage, n. Etym: [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.]

Defn: A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage.

GAGE
Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged; p. pr & vb. n. Gaging.] Etym: [Cf.
F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.]

1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.] A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak.

2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage. Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged. Shak.

GAGE
Gage, n.

Defn: A measure or standart. See Gauge, n.

GAGE
Gage, v. t.

Defn: To measure. See Gauge, v. t.
You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak.

GAGER
Ga"ger, n.

Defn: A measurer. See Gauger.

GAGGER
Gag"ger, n.

1. One who gags.

2. (Founding)

Defn: A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place.

GAGGLE
Gag"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling.]
Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln,
gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.]

Defn: To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon.

GAGGLE
Gag"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

GAG LAW
Gag law. (Parliamentary Law)

Defn: A law or ruling prohibiting proper or free debate, as in closure. [Colloq. or Cant]

GAGTOOTH
Gag"tooth`, n.; pl. Gagteeth (.

Defn: A projecting tooth. [Obs.]

GAG-TOOTHED
Gag"-toothed", a.

Defn: Having gagteeth. [Obs.]

GAHNITE
Gahn"ite, n. Etym: [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.)

Defn: Zinc spinel; automolite.

GAIDIC
Ga*id"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to hypogeic acid; — applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid.

GAIETY
Gai"e*ty, n.

Defn: Same as Gayety.

GAILER
Gail"er, n.

Defn: A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAILLARD
Gail`lard", a. Etym: [F. See Galliard.]

Defn: Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. Chaucer.

GAILLIARDE
Gail*liarde", n. Etym: [See Galliard a dance.]

Defn: A lively French and Italian dance.

GAILY
Gai"ly, adv. Etym: [From Gay.]

Defn: Merrily; showily. See gaily.

GAIN
Gain, n. Etym: [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.)

Defn: A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam.

GAIN Gain, a. Etym: [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.]

Defn: Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

GAIN Gain, n. Etym: [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.]

1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; — opposed to loss. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. Shak.

2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson.

GAIN Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] Etym: [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.]

1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope.

2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize.

3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to
conciliate.
If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15.
To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden.

4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson.

5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21. Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. — To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. — To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. — To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship.

Syn. — To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. — To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others.

GAIN
Gain, v. i.

Defn: To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12. Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on or upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift.

GAINABLE
Gain"a*ble, a. Etym: [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.]

Defn: Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood.

GAINAGE Gain"age (, 48), n. Etym: [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier.

GAINER
Gain"er, n.

Defn: One who gains. Shak.

GAINFUL
Gain"ful, a.

Defn: Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation."
Macaulay.
— Gain"ful*ly, adv.
— Gain"ful*ness, n.

GAINGIVING
Gain"giv`ing, n. Etym: [See Again, and Give.]

Defn: A misgiving. [Obs.]

GAINLESS
Gain"less, a.

Defn: Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond.
— Gain"less/ness, n.

GAINLY
Gain"ly, adv. Etym: [See Gain, a.]

Defn: Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

GAINPAIN
Gain"pain`, n.Etym: [F. gagner to gain + pain bread.]

Defn: Bread-gainer; — a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier.

GAINSAY
Gain`say" ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid ( or ); p. pr. &
vb. n. Gainsaying.] Etym: [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and
Say to utter.]

Defn: To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid.
I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall
not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15.
The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother,
My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak.

GAINSAYER
Gain`say"er, n.

Defn: One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9.

GAINSBOROUGH HAT
Gains"borough hat.

Defn: A woman's broad-brimmed hat of a form thought to resemble those shown in portraits by Thomas Gainsborough, the English artist (1727- 88).

GAINSOME
Gain"some, a.

1. Gainful.

2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger.

'GAINST; GAINST
Gainst, prep.

Defn: A contraction of Against.

GAINSTAND Gain"stand`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] Etym: [See Again, and Stand.]

Defn: To withstand; to resist. [Obs.]
Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P.
Sidney.

GAINSTRIVE
Gain"strive`, v. t. & i. Etym: [See Again, and Strive.]

Defn: To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser.

GAIRFOWL
Gair"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Garefowl.

GAIRISH; GAIRISHLY; GAIRISHNESS
Gair"ish, a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ishness, n.

Defn: Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness.

GAIT
Gait, n. Etym: [See Gate a way.]

1. A going; a walk; a march; a way. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak.

2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving. 'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak.

GAITED
Gait"ed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a gait; — used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy-gaited.

GAITER Gait"er, n. Etym: [F. guêtre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.]

1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.

2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle.

GAITER
Gai"ter, v. t.

Defn: To dress with gaiters.

GAITRE; GAYTRE
Gai"tre, Gay"tre (, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.]

Defn: The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GALA
Ga"la, n. Etym: [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of
German origin. See Gallant.]

Defn: Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday.

GALACTA-GOGUE
Ga*lac"ta-gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An agent exciting secretion of milk.

GALACTIC
Ga*lac"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.]

1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid.

2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. — Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle.

GALACTIN Ga*lac"tin, n. Etym: [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose.

GALACTODENSIMETER
Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. densimeter.]

Defn: Same as Galactometer.

GALACTOMETER
Gal`ac*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactomètre. Cf.
Lactometer.]

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer.

GALACTOPHAGIST
Gal`ac*toph"a*gist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who eats, or subsists on, milk.

GALACTOPHAGOUS
Gal`ac*toph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. galactophade.]

Defn: Feeding on milk.

GALACTOPHOROUS
Gal`ac*toph"o*rous, a. Etym: [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.]
(Anat.)

Defn: Milk-carrying; lactiferous; — applied to the ducts of mammary glands.

GALACTOPOIETIC
Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing.
— n. A galactopoietic substance.

GALACTOSE
Ga*lac"tose, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).

GALAGE
Ga*lage", n. (Obs.)

Defn: See Galoche. Spenser.

GALAGO
Ga*la"go, n.; pl. Galagos. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species.

Note: The grand galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse.

GALANGA; GALANGAL Ga*lan"ga, Ga*lan"gal, n.Etym: [OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ]

Defn: The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or
Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the
Kæmpferia Galanga), — all of the Ginger family.

GALANTINE
Gal"an*tine ( or ), n. Etym: [F. galantine.]

Defn: A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart.

GALAPEE TREE
Gal"a*pee` tree", (Bot.)

Defn: The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves.

GALATEA Gal`a*te"a, n. [After Galatea, a British man-of-war, the material being used for children's sailor suits.]

Defn: A kind of striped cotton fabric, usually of superior quality and striped with blue or red on white.

GALATIAN
Ga*la"tian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. — A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor.

GALAXY Gal"ax*y, n.; pl. Galaxies. Etym: [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. lac. CF. Lacteal.]

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol.

2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things.

GALBAN; GALBANUM Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num, n. Etym: [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F. galbanum.]

Defn: A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish.

GALBE Galbe, n. [F.; OF. garbe, fr. It. garbo grace, gracefulness. See Garb dress.] (Art)

Defn: The general outward form of any solid object, as of a column or a vase.

GALE Gale, n. Etym: [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.]

1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests.

Note: Gales have a velocity of from about eighteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris.

2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton.

3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity. The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford). Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails.

GALE
Gale, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To sale, or sail fast.

GALE
Gale, n Etym: [OE. gal. See Gale wind.]

Defn: A song or story. [Obs.] Toone.

GALE
Gale, v. i. Etym: [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.]

Defn: To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love.

GALE
Gale, n Etym: [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America.

GALE
Gale, n. Etym: [Cf. Gabel.]

Defn: The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due.

GALEA
Ga"le*a, n.Etym: [L., a helmet. ]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: A kind of bandage for the head.

3. (Pathol.)

Defn: Headache extending all over the head.

4. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects.

GALEAS
Gal"e*as, n.

Defn: See Galleass.

GALEATE; GALEATED Ga"le*ate, Ga"le*a`ted, a. Etym: [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare helmet.]

1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped.

GALEI
Ga"le*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr.
(Zoöl.)

Defn: That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks.

GALENA Ga*le"na, n.Etym: [L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. galène sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr.

2. (Min.)

Defn: Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende.

GALENIC; GALENICAL
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al (, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, galena.

GALENIC; GALENICAL
Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, an. Etym: [From Galen, the physician.]

Defn: Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison. Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared.

GALENISM
Ga"len*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrines of Galen.

GALENIST
Ga*len*ist, n.

Defn: A follower of Galen.

GALENITE
Ga*le"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Galena; lead ore.

GALEOPITHECUS
Ga`le`o*pi*the"cus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs.
See Colugo.

GALERICULATE Gal`er*ic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.]

Defn: Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart.

GALERITE
Gal"er*ite, n. Etym: [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. galérite.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites.

GALICIAN
Ga*li"cian, a. Etym: [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus,
Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. — n.

Defn: A native of Galicia in Spain; — called also Gallegan.

GALILEAN
Gal`i*le"an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See
Telescope.

GALILEAN Gal`i*le"an, a. Etym: [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. galiléen.]

Defn: Of or relating to Galilee.

GALILEAN
Gal`i*le"an, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans.

2. (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; — called also Gaulonite.

3. A Christian in general; — used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron.

GALILEE Gal"i*lee, n. Etym: [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galilée.] (Arch.)

Defn: A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt.

GALIMATIAS
Gal`i*ma"tias, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused
mixture.
Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries.
Walpole.

GALINGALE
Gal"in*gale, n. Etym: [See Galangal.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer. Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson.

GALIOT Gal"i*ot, n. Etym: [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail.

GALIPOT Gal"i*pot, n. Etym: [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.]

Defn: An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch.

GALL Gall, n.Etym: [OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Choler]

1. (Physiol.)

Defn: The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder.

2. The gall bladder.

3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5. Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden.

4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. — Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. — Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. — Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria.

GALL
Gall, n. Etym: [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut.

Note: The galls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zoöl.), any insect that produces galls. — Gall midge (Zoöl.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. — Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. — Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.— Gall wasp. (Zoöl.) See Gallfly.

GALL
Gall, v. t. (Dyeing)

Defn: To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure.

GALL Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled; p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] Etym: [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.]

1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak.

2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak.

3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison.

GALL
Gall, v. i.

Defn: To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak.

GALL
Gall, n.

Defn: A wound in the skin made by rubbing.

GALLANT Gal"lant, a. Etym: [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.]

1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed. The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn. Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak.

2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer. That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak. The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller.

Syn. — Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict.

GALLANT
Gal*lant", a.

Defn: Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous.

GALLANT
Gal*lant", n.

1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood. Shak.

2. One fond of paying attention to ladies.

3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison.

Note: In the first sense it is by some orthoëpists (as in
Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable.

GALLANT
Gal*lant", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallanting.]

1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play.

2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison.

GALLANTLY
Gal*lant"ly, adv.

Defn: In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer.

GALLANTLY
Gal"lant*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gallant manner.

GALLANTNESS
Gal"lant*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gallant.

GALLANTRY
Gal"lant*ry, n.; pl. Gallantries. Etym: [F. galanterie.]

1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic] Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller.

2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry.

3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue.

4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.] Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak.

Syn.
— See Courage, and Heroism.

GALLATE
Gal"late, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of gallic acid.

GALLATURE
Gal"la*ture, n. Etym: [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg.

GALLEASS Gal"le*ass, n. Etym: [F. galéasse, galéace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.)

Defn: A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as
broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of
Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley.
[Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.]

Note: "The galleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley.

GALLEGAN; GALLEGO
Gal*le"gan, Gal*le"go ( or ), n. Etym: [Sp. Gallego.]

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician.

GALLEIN
Gal"le*ïn, n. Etym: [Pyrogallol + phthaleïn.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids.

GALLEON
Gal"le*on, n. Etym: [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio.
See Galley.] (Naut.)

Defn: A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel. The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley.

GALLEOT
Gal"le*ot, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Galiot.

GALLERY
Gal"ler*y, n.; pl Galleries. Etym: [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL.
galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf.
OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.]

1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal.

2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc.

3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; — sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, — seldom found in vessels built since 1850.

5. (Fort.)

Defn: Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery.

6. (Mining)

Defn: A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under
Whispering.

GALLETYLE
Gal"le*tyle, n. Etym: [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.]

Defn: A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon.

GALLEY Gal"ley, n.; pl. Galleys. Etym: [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, galée, LL. galea, LGr.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; — common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.

Note: The typical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type.

2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; — sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace.

4. Etym: [F. galée; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.— Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight.

GALLEY-BIRD
Gal"ley-bird`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker.
[Prov. Eng.]

GALLEY-WORM Gal"ley-worm`, n. Etym: [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha.

GALLFLY
Gall"fly`, n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall.

GALLIAMBIC
Gal`li*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of
Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.)

Defn: Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; — said of a kind of verse.

GALLIAN
Gal"li*an, a. Etym: [See Gallic.]

Defn: Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak.

GALLIARD Gal"liard, a. Etym: [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.]

Defn: Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.]

GALLIARD
Gal"liard, n.

Defn: A brisk, gay man. [Obs.]
Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland.

GALLIARD Gal"liard, n. Etym: [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.]

Defn: A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde.
Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott.

GALLIARDISE
Gal`liard*ise, n. Etym: [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.]

Defn: Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.]
The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne.

GALLIARDNESS
Gal"liard*ness, n.

Defn: Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton.

GALLIASS
Gal"li*ass, n.

Defn: Same as Galleass.

GALLIC
Gal"lic, a. Etym: [From Gallium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, gallium.

GALLIC
Gal"lic (277), a. Etym: [From Gall the excrescence.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink.

GALLIC
Gal"lic, a. Etym: [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the
Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.]

Defn: Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican.

GALLICAN
Gal"li*can, a. Etym: [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the
Gallican church or clergy.

GALLICAN
Gal"li*can, n.

Defn: An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley.

GALLICANISM
Gal"li*can*ism, n.

Defn: The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

GALLICISM
Gal"li*cism, n. Etym: [F. gallicisme.]

Defn: A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom.

GALLICIZE
Gal"li*cize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallicizing.]

Defn: To conform to the French mode or idiom.

GALLIED
Gal"lied, p. p. & a. (Naut.)

Defn: Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

GALLIFORM
Gal"li*form, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure.

GALLIGASKINS
Gal`li*gas"kins, n. pl. Etym: [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco
Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have
been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.]

Defn: Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense.

GALLIMATIA
Gal`li*ma"ti*a ( or ), n.

Defn: Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias.

GALLIMAUFRY Gal`li*mau"fry, n.; pl. Gallimaufries. Etym: [F. galimafrée a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.]

1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout. Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King.

2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch. The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South.

GALLIN
Gal"lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained by the reduction of galleïn.

GALLINACEAE
Gal"li*nace*ae, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gallinae.

GALLINACEAN
Gal`li*na"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds.

GALLINACEOUS Gal`li*na"ceous, a.Etym: [L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae.

GALLINAE
Gal*li"nae, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; — sometimes called Rasores.

GALLING
Gall"ing, a.

Defn: Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating.
— Gall"ing*ly, adv.

GALLINIPPER
Gal"li*nip`per, n.

Defn: A large mosquito.

GALLINULE
Gal"li*nule, n. Etym: [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf.
F. gallinule.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata).

Note: The purple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients.

GALLIOT
Gal"li*ot, n.

Defn: See Galiot.

GALLIPOLI OIL
Gal*lip"o*li oil`.

Defn: An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in
Italy.

GALLIPOT Gal"li*pot, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.]

Defn: A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc.

GALLIUM
Gal"li*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86

Note: The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees.

GALLIVANT
Gal"li*vant, v. i. Etym: [From Gallant.]

Defn: To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens.

GALLIVAT
Gal"li*vat, n.Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, — used on the
Malabar coast. A. Chalmers.

GALLIWASP
Gal"li*wasp`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous.

GALLIZE
Gal"lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallized; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallizing.]
[After Dr. L. Gall, a French chemist, who invented the process.]

Defn: In wine making, to add water and sugar to (unfermented grape juice) so as to increase the quantity of wine produced. — Gal`li*za"tion (#), n.

GALLNUT
Gall"nut`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall.

GALLOMANIA
Gal`lo*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.]

Defn: An excessive admiration of what is French.
— Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac, n.

GALLON Gal"lon, n. Etym: [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.]

Defn: A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; — used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure.

Note: The standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62

GALLOON
Gal*loon", n. Etym: [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ]

1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., — sometimes made ornamental.

2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace. Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws. Addison.

GALLOONED
Gal*looned`, a.

Defn: Furnished or adorned with galloon.

GALLOP Gal"lop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped; p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] Etym: [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehleápan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.]

1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed. But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne.

2. To ride a horse at a gallop.

3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination. Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke.

GALLOP
Gal"lop, v. t.

Defn: To cause to gallop.

GALLOP
Gal"lop, n. Etym: [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.]

Defn: A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop.

GALLOPADE
Gal"lo*pade`, n. Etym: [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.]

1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop.

2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop.

GALLOPADE
Gal`lo*pade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gallopading.]

1. To gallop, as on horseback.

2. To perform the dance called gallopade.

GALLOPER
Gal"lop*er, n.

1. One who, or that which, gallops.

2.

(Mil.)

Defn: A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun, a light gun, supported on a galloper, — formerly attached to British infantry regiments.

GALLOPIN
Gal"lo*pin, n.Etym: [F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.]

Defn: An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell.

GALLOPING
Gal"lop*ing, a.

Defn: Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse.

GALLOTANNIC
Gal`lo*tan"nic, a. Etym: [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See
Tannic acid, under Tannic.

GALLOW
Gal"low, v. t. Etym: [Cf. AS. agelwan to stupefy.]

Defn: To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak.

GALLOWAY
Gal"lo*way, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; — called also garran, and garron.

GALLOWGLASS
Gal"low*glass`, n. Etym: [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.]

Defn: A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward Shak.

GALLOWS Gal"lows, n. sing.; pl. Gallowses or Gallows. Etym: [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. galgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.]

1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything. So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10. If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak. O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak.

2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak.

3. (Print.)

Defn: The rest for the tympan when raised.

4. pl.

Defn: A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] — Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; — called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. — Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. — Gallows, or Gallow tree, the gallows. At length him nailéd on a gallow tree. Spenser.

GALLSTONE
Gall"stone`, n.

Defn: A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1.

GALLY
Gal"ly, v. t. Etym: [See Gallow, v. t.]

Defn: To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

GALLY
Gall"y, a.

Defn: Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer.

GALLY
Gal"ly, n.

Defn: See Galley, n., 4.

GALLYGASKINS
Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl.

Defn: See Galligaskins.

GALOCHE; GALOSHE
Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (, Etym: [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F.
galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr.
LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr.

1. A clog or patten. [Obs.] Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer.

2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather.

3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg.

GALOOT
Ga*loot", n.

Defn: A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U.
S.]

GALOP
Gal"op, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance.

GALORE Ga*lore", n. & a. Etym: [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu leòr, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + leòr, leòir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.]

Defn: Plenty; abundance; in abundance.

GALOSH
Ga*losh", n.

1. Same as Galoche, Galoshe.

2. A strip of material, as leather, running around a shoe at and above the sole, as for protection or ornament.

GALOSHE
Ga*loshe", n.

Defn: Same as Galoche.

GALPE
Galpe, v. i.

Defn: To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GALSOME
Gal"some, a. Etym: [Gall bitterness + some.]

Defn: Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.

GALT
Galt, n Etym: [See Gault.]

Defn: Same as Gault.

GALVANIC
Gal*van"ic, a. Etym: [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at
Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery
of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; — now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. — Galvanic circuit or circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. — Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic.

GALVANISM Gal"va*nism, n Etym: [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents.

Note: The words galvanism and galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used.

GALVANIST
Gal"va*nist, n.

Defn: One versed in galvanism.

GALVANIZATION
Gal"va*niza`tion, n.

Defn: The act of process of galvanizing.

GALVANIZE
Gal"va*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized; p pr. & vb. n.
Galvanizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. galvaniser.]

1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents.

2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity.

3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity.

4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron. Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid.

GALVANIZER
Gal"va*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, galvanize.

GALVANOCAUSTIC
Gal*van`o*caus"tic, a. Etym: [Galvanic + caustic.]

Defn: Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine.

GALVANOCAUTERY
Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y, n. (Med.)

Defn: Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current.

GALVANOGLYPHY
Gal`va*nog"ly*phy, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr.

Defn: Same as Glyphography.

GALVANOGRAPH
Gal*van"o*graph, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving)

Defn: A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate.

GALVANOGRAPHIC
Gal*van`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to galvanography.

GALVANOGRAPHY
Gal`va*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -graphy.]

1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy.

2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates.

GALVANOLOGIST
Gal`va*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism.

GALVANOLOGY
Gal`va*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Galvanic + -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena.

GALVANOMETER
Gal`va*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanomètre.]
(Elec.)

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. — Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument.

GALVANOMETRIC
Gal*van`o*met"ric, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer.

GALVANOMETRY
Gal`va*nom"e*try, n.

Defn: The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents.

GALVANOPLASTIC
Gal*van`o*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Galvanic + -plastic.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like.

GALVANOPLASTY
Gal*van"o*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. galanoplastie.]

Defn: The art or process of electrotypy.

GALVANOPUNCTURE
Gal*van`o*punc"ture, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Electro-puncture.

GALVANOSCOPE
Gal*van`o*scope, n. Etym: [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.]
(Elec.)

Defn: An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity.

GALVANOSCOPIC
Gal*van`o*scop"ic, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope.

GALVANOSCOPY
Gal`va*nos"co*py, n (Physiol.)

Defn: The use of galvanism in physiological experiments.

GALVANOTONUS
Gal`va*not"o*nus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Electrotonus.

GALVANOTROPISM
Gal`va*not"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current.

GALWES
Gal"wes, n.

Defn: Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAM Gam, n. [Orig. uncert.] (Naut.) (a) A herd, or school, of whales. (b) A visit between whalers at sea; a holding of social intercourse between those on different vessels at sea, or (Local U. S.) between persons ashore.

GAM Gam, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gam"ming.] (Naut.) (a) To gather in a gam; — said of whales. (b) To engage in a gam, or (Local, U. S.) in social intercourse anywhere.

GAM
Gam, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To have a gam with; to pay a visit to, esp. among whalers at sea.

GAMA GRASS
Ga"ma grass`. Etym: [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; — called also sesame grass.

GAMASHES
Ga*mash"es, n. pl. Etym: [F. gamaches.]

Defn: High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing.

GAMBA
Gam"ba, n.

Defn: A viola da gamba.

GAMBADOES
Gam*ba"does, n. pl. Etym: [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.]

Defn: Same as Gamashes. His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott.

GAMBEER
Gam*beer", v. t. [Cf. F. gambier a kind of hook.] (Fishing)

Defn: To gaff, as mackerel.

GAMBESON
Gam"be*son, n.

Defn: Same as Gambison.

GAMBET
Gam"bet, n. Etym: [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler.

GAMBIER Gam"bier, n. Etym: [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.]

GAMBISON Gam"bi*son, n. Etym: [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.]

Defn: A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted.

GAMBIST
Gam"bist, n. Etym: [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.)

Defn: A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola.

GAMBIT
Gam"bit, n. Etym: [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up.
See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing)

Defn: A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position.

GAMBLE
Gam"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling.]
Etym: [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.]

Defn: To play or game for money or other stake.

GAMBLE
Gamble, v. t.

Defn: To lose or squander by gaming; — usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames.

GAMBLER
Gam"bler, n.

Defn: One who gambles.

GAMBOGE
Gam*boge", n.

Defn: A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, — whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.]

Note: There are several kinds of gamboge, but all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttiferæ. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter.

GAMBOGIAN; GAMBOGIC
Gam*bo"gi*an, Gambogic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge.

GAMBOL Gam"bol, n. Etym: [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.]

Defn: A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank.
Dryden.

GAMBOL
Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled, or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gamboling or Gambolling.]

Defn: To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs.

GAMBREL
Gam"brel, n Etym: [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel,
Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.]

1. The hind leg of a horse.

2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; — used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form.

GAMBREL
Gam"brel v. t.

Defn: To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl.

GAMBROON
Gam*broon", n.

Defn: A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds.

GAME
Game, a. Etym: [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.]

Defn: Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.]

GAME Game, n. Etym: [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.]

1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak.

2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc. But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper.

Note: Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games.

3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards. Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd.

4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game.

5. (Card Playing)

Defn: In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest.

6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project. Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag. It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury.

7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table. Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. Blackstone. Confidence game. See under Confidence. — To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton.

GAME
Game, a.

1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to
fight to the last; plucky.
I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death.
W. Irving.

2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. — Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. — Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. — Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. — Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] — To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] — To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting.

GAME Game, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] Etym: [OE. gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.]

1. To rejoice; to be pleased; — often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.] God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer.

2. To play at any sport or diversion.

3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble.

GAMECOCK
Game"cock`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male game fowl.

GAME FOWL
Game" fowl`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males.

GAMEFUL
Game"ful, a.

Defn: Full of game or games.

GAMEKEEPER
Game"keep`er, n.

Defn: One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve.
Blackstone.

GAMELESS
Game"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of game.

GAMELY
Game"ly, adv.

Defn: In a plucky manner; spiritedly.

GAMENESS
Game"ness, n.

Defn: Endurance; pluck.

GAMESOME
Game"some, a.

Defn: Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak.
Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron.
— Game"some*ly, adv.
— Game"some*ness, n.

GAMESTER
Game"ster, n. Etym: [Game + -ster.]

1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games. When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak.

3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak.

GAMETE Gam"ete (gam"et; ga*met"; the latter usually in compounds), n. [Gr. gameth` wife, or game`ths husband, fr. gamei^n to marry.] (Biol.)

Defn: A sexual cell or germ cell; a conjugating cell which unites with another of like or unlike character to form a new individual. In Bot., gamete designates esp. the similar sex cells of the lower thallophytes which unite by conjugation, forming a zygospore. The gametes of higher plants are of two sorts, sperm (male) and egg (female); their union is called fertilization, and the resulting zygote an oöspore. In Zoöl., gamete is most commonly used of the sexual cells of certain Protozoa, though also extended to the germ cells of higher forms.

GAMETOPHYTE
Ga*me"to*phyte, n. [Gamete + Gr. fyto`n plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: In the alternation of generations in plants, that generation or phase which bears sex organs. In the lower plants, as the algæ, the gametophyte is the conspicuous part of the plant body; in mosses it is the so-called moss plant; in ferns it is reduced to a small, early perishing body; and in seed plants it is usually microscopic or rudimentary.

GAMIC
Gam"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements.

GAMIN
Gam"in, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab.
In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.'
L. Oliphant.

GAMING
Gam"ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling.

GAMMA
Gam"ma, n.

Defn: The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet.

GAMMADION
Gam*ma"di*on, n.

Defn: A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot.

GAMMA RAYS
Gam"ma rays. (Physics)

Defn: Very penetrating rays not appreciably deflected by a magnetic or electric field, emitted by radioactive substances. The prevailing view is that they are non-periodic ether pulses differing from Röntgen rays only in being more penetrating.

GAMMER Gam"mer, n. Etym: [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.]

Defn: An old wife; an old woman; — correlative of gaffer, an old man.

GAMMON Gam"mon, n. Etym: [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.]

Defn: The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.]

Defn: To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, n. Etym: [See 2d Game.]

1. Backgammon.

2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.]

GAMMON
Gam"mon, v. t.

1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person.

2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood.

GAMMON
Gam"mon, v. t. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)

Defn: To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten.

GAMMONING
Gam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.)

Defn: The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. — Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit.

GAMMONING
Gam"mon*ing, n. Etym: [From 4th Gammon.]

Defn: The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.]

GAMOGENESIS
Gam`o*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; — the opposite of agamogenesis.

GAMOGENETIC
Gam`o*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to gamogenesis.
— Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

GAMOMORPHISM
Gam`o*mor"phism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species.

GAMOPETALOUS
Gam`o*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamopétale.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous.

GAMOPHYLLOUS
Ga*moph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray.

GAMOSEPALOUS
Gam`o*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Formed of united sepals; monosepalous.

GAMP
Gamp, n.

Defn: A large umbrella; —said to allude to Mrs. Gamp's umbrella, in
Dickens's "Martin Chuzzlewit."

GAMUT Gam"ut, n. Etym: [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.)

Defn: The scale.

GAMY
Gam"y, a.

1. (Cookery)

Defn: Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored.

2. (Sporting)

Defn: Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout.

GAN
Gan, imp. of Gin. Etym: [See Gin, v.]

Defn: Began; commenced.

Note: Gan was formerly used with the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne. This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer. The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer.

Note: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural.
Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser.

GANANCIAL Ga*nan"cial, a. [Sp., pertaining to gain, held in common, fr. ganancia gain.] (Law)

Defn: Designating, pertaining to, or held under, the Spanish system of law (called ganancial system) which controls the title and disposition of the property acquired during marriage by the husband or wife.

GANCH
Ganch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook,
It. gancio.]

Defn: To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the
Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment.
Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to
hang until they die. Sandys.

GANDER Gan"der, n. Etym: [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.]

Defn: The male of any species of goose.

GANE
Gane, v. i. Etym: [See Yawn.]

Defn: To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GANESA
Ga*ne"sa, n. (Hind. Myth.)

Defn: The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence.

Note: He is represented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour.

GANG
Gang, v. i. Etym: [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel.
ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. sq. root48. CF.
Go.]

Defn: To go; to walk.

Note: Obsolete in English literature, but still used in the North of
England, and also in Scotland.

GANG
Gang, n. Etym: [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., &
Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.]

1. A going; a course. [Obs.]

2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves.

3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays.

5. Etym: [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining)

Defn: The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, or Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. — Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. — Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. — Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). — Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. — Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. — Gang plank. See Gang board (above). — Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). — Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. — Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. — Gang tide. See Gang week (below). — Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. — Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. — Live gang, or Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. — Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam.

GANGE Gange, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ganged; p. pr. & vb. n. Ganging.] [Of uncertain origin.]

1. To protect (the part of a line next a fishhook, or the hook itself) by winding it with wire.

2. To attach (a fishhook) to a line or snell, as by knotting the line around the shank of the hook.

GANGER
Gang"er, n.

Defn: One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew.

GANGETIC
Gan*get"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark.

GANG-FLOWER
Gang"-flow`er, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior.

GANGION
Gan"gion, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n.

GANGLIAC; GANGLIAL
Gan"gli*ac, Gan"gli*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic.

GANGLIATE; GANGLIATED
Gan"gli*ate, Gan"gli*a`ted, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system.

GANGLIFORM; GANGLIOFORM
Gan"gli*form`, Gan"gli*o*form`, a. Etym: [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.)

Defn: Having the form of a ganglion.

GANGLION Gan"gli*on, n.; pl. L. Ganglia, E. Ganglions. Etym: [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. ganglion.]

1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; — called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar.

GANGLIONARY
Gan"gli*on*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.)

Defn: Ganglionic.

GANGLIONIC
Gan`gli*on"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord.

GANGREL
Gan"grel, a. Etym: [Cf. Gang, v. i.]

Defn: Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GANGRENATE
Gan"gre*nate, v. t.

Defn: To gangrene. [Obs.]

GANGRENE Gan"grene, n. Etym: [F. gangrène, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.)

Defn: A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage.

GANGRENE
Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gangrening.] Etym: [Cf. F. gangréner.]

Defn: To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene.

GANGRENESCENT
Gan`gre*nes"cent, a.

Defn: Tending to mortification or gangrene.

GANGRENOUS
Gan"gre*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gangréneux.]

Defn: Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene.

GANGUE
Gangue, n. Etym: [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage.
See Gang, n.] (Mining)

Defn: The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore.

GANGWAY
Gang"way`, n. Etym: [See Gang, v. i.]

1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks.

2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; — more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. — To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway.

GANIL
Gan"il, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan.

GANISTER; GANNISTER
Gan"is*ter, Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.)

Defn: A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; — used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads.

GANJA
Gan"ja, n. Etym: [Hind. ganjha.]

Defn: The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.

GANNET
Gan"net, n. Etym: [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen
duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans.

Note: The common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula.

GANOCEPHALA
Gan`o*ceph"a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes.

GANOCEPHALOUS
Gan`o*ceph"a*lous, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala.

GANOID
Ga"noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. — n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zoöl.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail.

GANOIDAL
Ga*noid"al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ganoid.

GANOIDEI
Ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales.

Note: They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon.

GANOIDIAN
Ga*noid"i*an, a. & n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Ganoid.

GANOINE
Ga"no*ine, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale.

GANSA
Gan"sa, n.

Defn: Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall.

GANTLET Gant"let, n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to löpa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.]

Defn: A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey.

Note: Written also, but less properly, gauntlet.

GANTLET
Gant"let, n.

Defn: A glove. See Gauntlet.

GANTLINE
Gant"line`, n.

Defn: A line rigged to a mast; — used in hoisting rigging; a girtline.

GANTLOPE
Gant"lope`, n.

Defn: See Gantlet. [Obs.]

GANTRY
Gan"try, n.

Defn: See Gauntree.

GANZA
Gan"za, n. Etym: [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See
Gannet, Goose.]

Defn: A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson.

GANZ SYSTEM
Ganz system

Defn: A haulage system for canal boats, in which an electric locomotive running on a monorail has its adhesion materially increased by the pull of the tow rope on a series of inclined gripping wheels.

GAOL
Gaol, n. Etym: [See Jail.]

Defn: A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] — Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail.

GAOLER
Gaol"er, n.

Defn: The keeper of a jail. See Jailer.

GAP Gap, n. Etym: [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.]

Defn: An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. — To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. — To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect.

GAP
Gap, v. t.

1. To notch, as a sword or knife.

2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson.

GAPE Gape (; in Eng, commonly ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped ( or ); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] Etym: [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.]

1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden. (b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10.

2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak.

3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; — with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham.

Syn.
— To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze.

GAPE
Gape, n.

1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. GAPES; THE GAPES The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm.

GAPER
Gap"er, n.

1. One who gapes.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizothærus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; — called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills.

GAPESEED
Gape"seed`, n.

Defn: Any strange sight. Wright.

GAPESING
Gapes"ing ( or ), n.

Defn: Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.]

GAPEWORM
Gape"worm` ( or ), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See
Illustration in Appendix.

GAPINGSTOCK
Gap"ing*stock` ( or ), n.

Defn: One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder.
I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers.
Godwin.

GAP-TOOTHED
Gap"-toothed`, a.

Defn: Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden.

GAR Gar, n. Etym: [Prob. AS. gar dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, or Garpike (Zoöl.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America.

GAR
Gar, v. t. Etym: [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.]

Defn: To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser.

GARAGE
Ga`rage", n. [F.]

1. A place for housing automobiles.

2. (Aëronautics) A shed for housing an airship or flying machine; a hangar.

3. A side way or space in a canal to enable vessels to pass each other; a siding.

Garage is recent in English, and has as yet acquired no settled
pronunciation.

GARAGE
Ga`rage", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garaged; p. pr. & vb. n. Garaging.]

Defn: To keep in a garage. [Colloq.]

GARANCIN
Gar"an*cin (; 104), n. Etym: [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin.

GARB
Garb, n. Etym: [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr.
OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]

1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century.

2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak.

GARB
Garb, n. Etym: [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf.
Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.)

Defn: A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified).

GARB
Garb, v. t.

Defn: To clothe; array; deck.
These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson.

GARBAGE Gar"bage (; 48), n. Etym: [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.]

Defn: Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger.

GARBAGE
Gar"bage, v. t.

Defn: To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland.

GARBED
Garbed, a.

Defn: Dressed; habited; clad.

GARBEL
Gar"bel, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Garboard.

GARBEL
Gar"bel, n. Etym: [Cf. Garble, v. t.]

Defn: Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.]

GARBLE Gar"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] Etym: [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharbal, gharbil, sieve.]

1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.]

2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account.

GARBLE
Gar"ble, n.

1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott.

2. pl.

Defn: Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; — also called garblings.

GARBLER
Gar"bler, n.

Defn: One who garbles.

GARBOARD
Gar"board, n. (Naut.)

Defn: One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake or streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten.

GARBOIL Gar"boil, n. Etym: [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.]

Defn: Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak.

GARCINIA
Gar*cin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; — so called in honor of Dr. Garcin.

GARCON
Gar`çon", n. [F.]

Defn: A boy; fellow; esp., a serving boy or man; a waiter; — in Eng. chiefly applied to French waiters.

GARD
Gard, n. Etym: [See Garde, Yard]

Defn: Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont.

GARD
Gard, v. & n.

Defn: See Guard.

GARDANT
Gar"dant, a. Etym: [F. See Guardant.] (Her.)

Defn: Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; — said of a lion or other beast.

GARDE CIVIQUE
Garde` ci`vique". [F.]

Defn: See Army organization, above.

GARDEN
Gar"den, n. Etym: [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of
German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard
an inclosure.]

1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables.

2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak.

Note: Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). — Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. — Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; — much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. — Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] — Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. — Garden mold or mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. — Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. — Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. — Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. — Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. — Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. — Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. — Garden spider, (Zoöl.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. — Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. — Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] — Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. — Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] — Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. — Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. — Hanging garden. See under Hanging. — Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. — Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use.

GARDEN
Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened; p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.]

Defn: To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture.

GARDEN
Gar"den, v. t.

Defn: To cultivate as a garden.

GARDENER
Gar"den*er, n.

Defn: One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist.

GARDENIA
Garde"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; — so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden.

GARDENING
Gar"den*ing, n.

Defn: The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture.

GARDENLESS
Gar"den*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a garden. Shelley.

GARDENLY
Gar"den*ly, a.

Defn: Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall.

GARDENSHIP
Gar"den*ship, n.

Defn: Horticulture. [Obs.]

GARDON
Gar"don, n. Etym: [F] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European cyprinoid fish; the id.

GARDYLOO
Gar`dy*loo", n. Etym: [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.]

Defn: An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in
Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott.

GARE
Gare, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.]

Defn: Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount.

GAREFOWL
Gare"fowl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.]

GARFISH Gar"fish`, n. Etym: [See Gar, n.] (Zoöl.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); — called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribbæus, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; - - called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species.

GARGALIZE
Gar"ga*lize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.]

Defn: To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston.

GARGANEY
Gar"ga*ney, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European duck (Anas querquedula); — called also cricket teal, and summer teal.

GARGANTUAN
Gar*gan"tu*an, a. Etym: [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of
Rabelais.]

Defn: Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate.

GARGARISM
Gar"ga*rism, n. Etym: [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.]
(Med.)

Defn: A gargle.

GARGARIZE
Gar"ga*rize, v. t. Etym: [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr.

Defn: To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.]
Bacon.

GARGET
Garget, n. Etym: [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf.
Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.]

1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands.

3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt.

4. (Bot.)

Defn: See Poke.

GARGIL
Gar"gil, n. Etym: [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.]

Defn: A distemper in geese, affecting the head.

GARGLE
Gar"gle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GARGLE
Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled, p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling (
Etym: [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle,
Gurgle.]

1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs.

2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller.

GARGLE
Gar"gle, n.

Defn: A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect.

GARGOL
Gar"gol, n. Etym: [Cf. Gargil.]

Defn: A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer.

GARGOULETTE
Gar`gou*lette", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet.
Mollett.

GARGOYLE Gar"goyle, n. Etym: [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. gárgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.)

Defn: A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.]

GARGYLE
Gar"gyle, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GARIBALDI
Ga`ri*bal"di, n.

1. A jacket worn by women; — so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color.

GARISH Gar"ish, a. Etym: [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.]

1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention.
"The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors."
Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman.
Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gay to extravagance; flighty.
It makes the mind loose and garish. South.
— Gar"ish*ly, adv.
— Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor.

GARLAND Gar"land, n. Etym: [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.]

1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon.

2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope.

3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak.

4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy.

5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling.

GARLAND
Gar"land, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.]

Defn: To deck with a garland. B. Jonson.

GARLANDLESS
Gar"land*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a garland. Shelley.

GARLIC Gar"lic, n. Etym: [OE. garlek, AS. garleác; gar spear, lance + leác leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable.

2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. — Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Cratæva gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste.

GARLICKY
Gar"lick*y, a.

Defn: Like or containing garlic.

GARMENT Gar"ment, n. Etym: [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.]

Defn: Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc.
No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16.

GARMENTED
Gar"ment*ed, p. a.

Defn: Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment.
[Poetic]
A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley.

GARMENTURE
Gar"men*ture, n.

Defn: Clothing; dress.

GARNER
Gar"ner, n. Etym: [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier,
F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf.
Granary.]

Defn: A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation.

GARNER
Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.]

Defn: To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak.

GARNET Gar"net, n. Etym: [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms.

Note: There are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; — so called from its transparent red color. — Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid.

GARNET
Gar"net, n. Etym: [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.)

Defn: A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under
Clew.

GARNETIFEROUS
Gar`net*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing garnets.

GARNIERITE
Gar"ni*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after the French geologist Garnier.]
(Min.)

Defn: An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel.

GARNISH Gar"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] Etym: [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, — of German origin; cf. OHG. warnon to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.]

1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley.

3. To furnish; to supply.

4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson.

5. (Law)

Defn: To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See
Garnishee, v. t. Cowell.

GARNISH
Gar"nish, n.

1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated. So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak. Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior.

2. (Cookery)

Defn: Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See
Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart.

3. Fetters. [Cant]

4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight.

GARNISHEE
Gar`nish*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money.

Note: The order by which warning is made is called a garnishee order.

GARNISHEE Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-ed); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee.

GARNISHER
Gar"nish*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, garnishes.

GARNISHMENT Gar"nish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.]

1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton.

2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee.

3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4.

GARNITURE
Gar"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.]

Defn: That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment;
furniture; dress.
The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie.

GAROOKUH
Ga*roo"kuh, n.

Defn: A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf.

GAROUS
Ga"rous, a. Etym: [From Garum.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne.

GAR PIKE; GARPIKE
Gar" pike` or; Gar"pike`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See under Gar.

GARRAN
Gar"ran, n. Etym: [Gael. garrán, gearrán, gelding, work horse, hack.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.]

GARRET Gar"ret, n. Etym: [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. guérite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. guérir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.]

1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners.

2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay.

GARRETED
Gar"ret*ed, a.

Defn: Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew.

GARRETEER
Gar`ret*eer", n.

Defn: One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack.
Macaulay.

GARRETING
Gar"ret*ing, n.

Defn: Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale.

GARRISON Gar"ri*son, n. Etym: [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison.

GARRISON Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned; p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory.

GARRON
Gar"ron, n.

Defn: Same as Garran. [Scot.]

GARROT
Gar"rot, n. Etym: [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.)

Defn: A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb.

GARROT
Gar"rot, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European golden-eye.

GARROTE
Gar*rote", n. Etym: [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic
origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick,
Garter.]

Defn: A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted.

GARROTE
Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.]

Defn: To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob.

GARROTER
Gar*rot"er, n.

Defn: One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him.

GARRULITY
Gar*ru"li*ty, n. Etym: [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulité.]

Defn: Talkativeness; loquacity.

GARRULOUS
Gar"ru*lous, a. Etym: [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf.
Gr. Call.]

1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; — said of birds; as, the garrulous roller.

Syn. — Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. — Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. — Gar"ru*lous*ness, n.

GARRUPA Gar*ru"pa, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; — called also rockfish. See Rockfish.

GARTER
Gar"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gartier, F. jarretière, fr. OF. garet bend of
the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See
Garrote.]

1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg.

2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zoöl.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. — Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; — often abbreviated to Garter. — Garter snake (Zoöl.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eutænia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; — so called from its conspicuous stripes of color.

GARTER
Gar"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.]

1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak.

2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton.

GARTER STITCH
Garter stitch.

Defn: The simplest stitch in knitting.

GARTH
Garth, n. Etym: [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.]

1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth. A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson.

2. A dam or weir for catching fish.

GARTH
Garth, n. Etym: [Girth.]

Defn: A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.]

GARUM
Ga"rum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients.

GARVIE
Gar"vie, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The spart; — called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov.
Eng. & Scot.]

GAS
Gas, n.; pl. Gases. Etym: [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of
Brussels, who died in 1644.]

1. An aëriform fluid; — a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or aëriform state.

2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable aëriform fluid.

Note: Gas is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. — Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. — Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. — Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. — Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; — especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark. — Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. — Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. — Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. — Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for aërating water, bread, etc. Knight. — Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. — Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. — Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. — Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. — Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. — Gas tar, coal tar. — Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. — Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. — Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; — called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. — Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. — Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. — Laughing gas. See under Laughing. — Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. — Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. — Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. — Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.synthesis gas

GASALIER
Gas`a*lier", n. Etym: [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]

Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

GAS-BURNER
Gas"-burn`er, n.

Defn: The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices.

GASCOINES
Gas"coines, n. pl.

Defn: See Gaskins, 1. Lyly.

GASCON
Gas"con (; F. ), a. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. — n.

Defn: A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade.

GASCONADE
Gas`con*ade", n. Etym: [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.]

Defn: A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift.

GASCONADE
Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gasconading.]

Defn: To boast; to brag; to bluster.

GASCONADER
Gas`con*ad"er, n.

Defn: A great boaster; a blusterer.

GASCOYNES
Gas"coynes, n. pl.

Defn: Gaskins. Beau & Fl.

GASEITY
Gas*e"i*ty ( or ), n.

Defn: State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc.

GASELIER
Gas`e*lier", n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.]

Defn: A chandelier arranged to burn gas.

GAS ENGINE
Gas engine. (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine (which see) using fixed gas; also, broadly, any internal-combustion engine.

GASEOUS
Gas"e*ous ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.]

1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an aëriform fluid.

2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen.

GASH Gash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] Etym: [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.]

Defn: To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; — applied chiefly
to incisions in flesh.
Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward.

GASH
Gash, n.

Defn: A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh.

GASHFUL
Gash"ful, a.

Defn: Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton.

GASIFICATION
Gas`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [See Gasify.]

Defn: The act or process of converting into gas.

GASIFORM
Gas"i*form, a.

Defn: Having a form of gas; gaseous.

GASIFY
Gas"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.]
Etym: [Gas + -fy.]

Defn: To convert into gas, or an aëriform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.

GASIFY
Gas"i*fy, v. i.

Defn: To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state.
Scientific American.

GASKET Gas"ket, n. Etym: [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket.

2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing.

GASKINS
Gas"kins, n.pl. Etym: [Cf. Galligaskins.]

1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds.

3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

GASLIGHT
Gas"light`, n.

1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas.

2. A gas jet or burner.

GASOGEN
Gas"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gas + -gen.]

1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid.

2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas.

GASOLENE
Gas`o*lene, n.

Defn: See Gasoline.

GASOLIER
Gas`o*lier", n.

Defn: Same as Gasalier.

GASOLINE
Gas"o*line ( or ; 104), n.

Defn: A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.

GASOLINE ENGINE; GASOLENE ENGINE
Gas"o*line, or Gas"o*lene, en"gine . (Mach.)

Defn: A kind of internal-combustion engine; — in British countries called usually petrol engine.

GASOMETER
Gas*om"e*ter ( or ), n. Etym: [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazomètre.]

Defn: An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required.

GASOMETRIC; GASOMETRICAL
Gas`o*met"ric or; Gas`o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis.

GASOMETRY
Gas*om"e*try ( or ), n.

Defn: The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe.

GASOSCOPE
Gas"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gas + -scope.]

Defn: An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house.

GASP
Gasp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] Etym:
[OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to
Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]

1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd.

2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser.

GASP
Gasp, v. t.

Defn: To emit or utter with gasps; — with forth, out, away, etc.
And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden.

GASP
Gasp, n.

Defn: The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison.

GASPEREAU
Gas"per*eau, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The alewife. [Local, Canada]

GASSERIAN
Gas*se"ri*an, a.

Defn: Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve.

GASSING
Gas"sing, n.

1. (Manuf.)

Defn: The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing.

2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang]

GASSY
Gas"sy, a.

Defn: Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk.

GAST Gast, v. t. Etym: [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.]

Defn: To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.]
Chaucer. Shak.

GASTER
Gast"er, v. t.

Defn: To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

GASTEROMYCETES
Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs.

GASTEROPOD
Gas"ter*o*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropod.

GASTEROPODA
Gas`te*rop`o*da, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropoda.

GASTEROPODOUS
Gas`ter*op"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Gastropodous.

GASTFUL; GASTLY
Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Ghastful, Ghastly.

GASTIGHT
Gas"tight`, a.

Defn: So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas.

GASTNESS
Gast"ness, n.

Defn: See Ghastness. [Obs.]

GASTORNIS
Gas*tor"nis, n. Etym: [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr.
(Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin.

GASTRAEA
Gas*træ"a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastræa theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula.

GASTRALGIA
Gas*tral"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders.

GASTRIC
Gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. gastrique.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. — Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; — a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. — Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. — Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms.

GASTRILOQUIST Gas*tril"o*quist, n. Etym: [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.]

Defn: One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist.

GASTRILOQUOUS
Gas*tril"o*quous, a.

Defn: Ventriloquous. [R.]

GASTRILOQUY
Gas*tril"o*quy, n.

Defn: A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy.

GASTRITIS
Gas*tri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane.

GASTRO-
Gas"tro-.

Defn: A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy.

GASTROCNEMIUS
Gas`troc*ne"mi*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg.

GASTROCOLIC
Gas`tro*col"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum.

GASTRODISC
Gas`tro*disc, n. Etym: [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.)

Defn: That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst.

GASTRODUODENAL
Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery.

GASTRODUODENITIS
Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice.

GASTROELYTROTOMY
Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the Cæsarean operation, and less dangerous.

GASTROENTERIC
Gas`tro*en*te"ric, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: Gastrointestinal.

GASTROENTERITIS
Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.]
(Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines.

GASTROEPIPLOIC
Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum.

GASTROHEPATIC
Gas`tro*he*pat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum.

GASTROHYSTEROTOMY
Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.)

Defn: Cæsarean section. See under Cæsarean.

GASTROINTESTINAL
Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. &
Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric.

GASTROLITH
Gas`tro*lith, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Crab's eyes, under Crab.

GASTROLOGY
Gas*trol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr gastrologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach.

GASTROMALACIA
Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A softening of the coats of the stomach; — usually a post- morten change.

GASTROMANCY Gas`tro*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art.

GASTROMYCES
Gas`tro*my"ces, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as
Torula, etc.

GASTROMYTH
Gas"tro*myth, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr.

Defn: One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.]

GASTRONOME; GASTRONOMER
Gas"tro*nome, Gas*tron"o*mer, n. Etym: [F. gastronome, fr. Gr.

Defn: One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott.

GASTRONOMIC; GASTRONOMICAL
Gas`tro*nom"ic, Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gastronomique.]

Defn: Pertaining to gastromony.

GASTRONOMIST
Gas*tron"o*mist, n.

Defn: A gastromomer.

GASTRONOMY
Gas*tron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. gastronomie.]

Defn: The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer.

GASTROPHRENIC
Gas`tro*phren"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament.

GASTROPNEUMATIC
Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes.

GASTROPOD
Gas"tro*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.]

GASTROPODA
Gas*trop"o*da, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.]

Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora.

GASTROPODOUS
Gas*trop"o*dous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda.

GASTRORAPHY
Gas*tror"a*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy.

GASTROSCOPE
Gas"tro*scope, n. Etym: [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.)

Defn: An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach.

GASTROSCOPIC
Gas`tro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gastroscopy.

GASTROSCOPY
Gas*tros"co*py, n. (Med.)

Defn: Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope.

GASTROSPLENIC
Gas`tro*splen"ic, n. Etym: [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament.

GASTROSTEGE
Gas*tros"tege, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent.

GASTROSTOMY
Gas*tros"to*my, n. Etym: [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.

GASTROTOMY
Gas*trot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.)

Defn: A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach.

GASTROTRICHA
Gas*trot"ri*cha, n. pl., Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids.

GASTROTROCHA
Gas*trot"ro*cha, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side.

GASTROVASCULAR
Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar, a. Etym: [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of coelenterates.

GASTRULA
Gas"tru*la, n.; pl. Gastrulæ Etym: [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See Gastræa. — a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a gastrula.

GASTRULATION
Gas`tru*la"tion, n. (Biol.)

Defn: The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed.

GASTRURA
Gas*tru"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Stomatopoda.

GASTRUROUS
Gas*tru"rous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Gastrura.

GAT
Gat,

Defn: imp. of Get. [Obs.]

GATCH
Gatch, n. [Per. gach mortar.]

Defn: Plaster as used in Persian architecture and decorative art.

Gatch decoration, decoration in plaster often producing design of great beauty. — Gatch work, work in which gatch is employed; also, articles of gatch ornamentation collectively.

GATE Gate, n. Etym: [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.]

1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed.

2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit. Knowest thou the way to Dover Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath. Shak. Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles.

3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc.

4. (Script.)

Defn: The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might. The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18.

5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.

6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.] Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate. — Gate channel. See Gate, 5. — Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. — Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure. — Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing. — Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. — Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. — To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted. — To stand in the gate, or gates, to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense.

GATE
Gate, v. t.

1. To supply with a gate.

2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual.

GATE
Gate, n. Etym: [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade,
Goth. gatwö, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.]

1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.] I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott.

2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.]

GATED
Gat"ed, a.

Defn: Having gates. Young.

GATEHOUSE
Gate"house`, n.

Defn: A house connected or associated with a gate.

GATELESS
Gate"less, a.

Defn: Having no gate.

GATEMAN
Gate"man, n.

Defn: A gate keeper; a gate tender.

GATEPOST
Gate"post`, n.

1. A post to which a gate is hung; — called also swinging or hinging post.

2. A post against which a gate closes; — called also shutting post.

GATEWAY
Gate"way`, n.

Defn: A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense.

GATEWISE
Gate"wise`, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a gate.
Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller.

GATHER Gath"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.] Etym: [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador, together, fr. gæd fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. sq. root29. See Good, and cf. Together.]

1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate. And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry. Byron. When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together. Matt. ii. 4.

2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck. A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles Matt. vii. 16. Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47.

3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up. He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8. To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke.

4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle. Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand. Pope.

5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude. Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak.

6. To gain; to win. [Obs.] He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden.

7. (Arch.)

Defn: To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To be gathered to one's people, or to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. — To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. — To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. — To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed.

GATHER
Gath"er, v. i.

1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate. When small humors gather to a gout. Pope. Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes. Tennyson.

2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase. Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon.

3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered.

4. To collect or bring things together. Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26.

GATHER
Gath"er, n.

1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker.

2. (Carriage Making)

Defn: The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7.

GATHERABLE
Gath"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin.

GATHERER
Gath"er*er, n.

1. One who gathers or collects.

2. (Sewing Machine)

Defn: An attachment for making gathers in the cloth.

GATHERING
Gath"er*ing, n.

1. The act of collecting or bringing together.

2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess.

GATHERING
Gath"er*ing, a.

Defn: Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. — Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. — Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. — Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders.

GATLING GUN
Gat"ling gun` (. Etym: [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.]

Defn: An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired.

Note: The improved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. Farrow.

GATTEN TREE
Gat"ten tree`. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum
Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus
Europæus).

GAT-TOOTHED
Gat"-toothed`, a. Etym: [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.]

Defn: Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.]

GAUCHE
Gauche, n. Etym: [F.]

1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Winding; twisted; warped; — applied to curves and surfaces.

GAUCHERIE
Gauche`rie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness.

GAUCHO
Gau"cho, n., pl. Gauchos ( Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle.

GAUD Gaud, n. Etym: [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.]

1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud." Shak.

GAUD
Gaud, v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See
Gaud, n.]

Defn: To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars.
" [Obs.] Sir T. North.

GAUD
Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.]

Defn: To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak.

GAUD-DAY
Gaud"-day`, n.

Defn: See Gaudy, a feast.

GAUDERY
Gaud"er*y, n.

Defn: Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished gaudery." Dryden.

GAUDFUL
Gaud"ful, a.

Defn: Joyful; showy. [Obs.]

GAUDILY
Gaud"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gaudy manner. Guthrie.

GAUDINESS
Gaud"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock.

GAUDISH
Gaud"ish, a.

Defn: Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale.

GAUDLESS
Gaud"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of ornament. [R.]

GAUDY
Gaud"y, a. [Compar. Gaudier; superl. Gauidiest.]

1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. Shak.

2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson. Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak.

GAUDY
Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies Etym: [See Gaud, n.]

Defn: One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower.

GAUDY
Gaud"y, n.

Defn: A feast or festival; — called also gaud-day and gaudy day.
[Oxford Univ.] Conybeare.

GAUDYGREEN
Gaud"y*green`, a. or n. Etym: [OE. gaude grene.]

Defn: Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

GAUFFER
Gauf"fer, v. t. Etym: [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other
stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle,
Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.]

Defn: To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer.

GAUFFERING
Gauf"fer*ing, n.

Defn: A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a kind of
fluting iron for fabrics.
— Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves
and petals into shape.

GAUFFRE
Gauf"fre, n. Etym: [See Gopher.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher.

GAUGE Gauge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging] Etym: [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] [Written also gage.]

1. To measure or determine with a gauge.

2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock. The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham.

4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment.

5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of. You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak.

GAUGE
Gauge, n. Etym: [Written also gage.]

1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor.

2. Measure; dimensions; estimate. The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke.

3. (Mach. & Manuf.)

Defn: Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; — usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge.

5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten.

6. The distance between the rails of a railway.

Note: The standard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches.

7. (Plastering)

Defn: The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting.

8. (Building)

Defn: That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; — ordinarily called the track. — Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. — Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. — Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. — Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. — Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; — a term used in gauging casks, etc. — Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. — Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. — Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. — Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. — Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. — Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. — Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. — Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. — Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. — Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, — used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. — Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. — Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. — Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. — Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. — Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. — Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. — Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. — Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire.

GAUGEABLE
Gauge"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being gauged.

GAUGED
Gauged, p. a.

Defn: Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick,
brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches
or ornamental work.
— Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n.

GAUGER
Gau"ger, n.

Defn: One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks.

GAUGER-SHIP
Gau"ger-ship, n.

Defn: The office of a gauger.

GAUGING ROD
Gau"ging rod`.

Defn: See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n.

GAUL
Gaul, n. Etym: [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.]

1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul).

2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul.

GAULISH
Gaul"ish, a.

Defn: Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.]

GAULT
Gault, n. Etym: [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.]
(Geol.)

Defn: A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period.

GAULTHERIA
Gaul*the"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and,
often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green
(Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern
America (Gaultheria Shallon).

GAUNT Gaunt, a. Etym: [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.]

Defn: Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope. A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land. Nichols.

GAUNTLET
Gaunt"let, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Gantlet.

GAUNTLET
Gaunt"let, n. Etym: [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of
Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. vöttr, for
vantr.]

1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds.

Note: The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers.

2. A long glove, covering the wrist.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. — To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; — hence the phrases.

GAUNTLETTED
Gaunt"lett*ed, a.

Defn: Wearing a gauntlet.

GAUNTLY
Gaunt"ly, adv.

Defn: In a gaunt manner; meagerly.

GAUNTREE; GAUNTRY Gaun"tree, Gaun"try, n. Etym: [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.]

1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Engin.)

Defn: A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure.
Knight.

GAUR
Gaur, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An East Indian species of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also gour.]

GAURE
Gaure, v. i.

Defn: To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAUSS Gauss (gous), n. [So named after Karl F. Gauss, a German mathematician.] (Elec.)

Defn: The C.G.S. unit of density of magnetic field, equal to a field of one line of force per square centimeter, being thus adopted as an international unit at Paris in 1900; sometimes used as a unit of intensity of magnetic field. It was previously suggested as a unit of magnetomotive force.

GAUSSAGE
Gauss"age, n. (Elec.)

Defn: The intensity of a magnetic field expressed in C.G.S. units, or gausses.

GAUZE Gauze, n. Etym: [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.]

Defn: A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze.

GAUZE
Gauze, a.

Defn: Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing.

GAUZINESS
Gauz"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin.

GAUZY
Gauz"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze.

GAVAGE
Ga`vage" (ga`vazh"), n. [F., fr. gaver to gorge.]

Defn: Forced feeding (as of poultry or infants) by means of a tube passed through the mouth down to the stomach.

GAVE
Gave,

Defn: imp. of Give.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n.

Defn: A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

GAVEL Gav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.]

Defn: A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc.

2. A mason's setting maul. Knight.

GAVEL
Gav"el, n. Etym: [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See
Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law)

Defn: Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell.

GAVELET
Gav"el*et, n. Etym: [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.]

GAVELKIND Gav"el*kind`, n. Etym: [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell.

GAVELOCHE
Gav"e*loche, n.

Defn: Same as Gavelock.

GAVELOCK Gav"e*lock, n. Etym: [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff]

1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.]

2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.]

GAVERICK
Ga"ver*ick, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.]

GAVIAE
Ga"viæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns.

GAVIAL
Ga"vi*al, n. Etym: [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); — called also nako, and Gangetic crocodile.

Note: The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species.

GAVOT Gav"ot ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written also gavotte.]

GAWBY
Gaw"by, n.

Defn: A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.]

GAWK Gawk, n. Etym: [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. géac cuckoo, Sw. gök, Dan. giög]

1. A cuckoo. Johnson.

2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle.

GAWK
Gawk, v. i.

Defn: To act like a gawky.

GAWKY
Gawk"y, a. [Compar. Gawkier; superl. Gawkiest.]

Defn: Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. — n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk.

GAWN
Gawn, n. Etym: [Corrupted fr. gallon.]

Defn: A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

GAWNTREE
Gawn"tree, n.

Defn: See Gauntree.

GAY
Gay, a. [Compar. Gayer; superl. Gayest.] Etym: [F. gai, perhaps fr.
OHG. g swift, rapid, G. gäh, jäh, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w
beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.]

1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope. Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray.

2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed. Why is my neighbor's wife so gay Chaucer. A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton.

3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.]

Syn. — Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light- hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious.

GAY
Gay, n.

Defn: An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange.

GAYAL
Gay"al, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis).

GAYDIANG
Gay"di*ang, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk.

GAYETY Gay"e*ty, n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] Etym: [F. gaieté. See Gay, a.]

1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; — used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season.

2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress.

Syn. — Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness.

GAYLEY PROCESS
Gay"ley proc"ess. (Med.)

Defn: The process of removing moisture from the blast of an iron blast furnace by reducing its temperature so far that it will not remain suspended as vapor in the blast current, but will be deposited as snow in the cooling apparatus. The resultant uniformly dehydrated blast effects great economy in fuel consumption, and promotes regularity of furnace operation, and certainty of furnace control.

GAYLUSSITE
Gay"lus*site`, n. Etym: [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.]
(Min.)

Defn: A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water.

GAYLY
Gay"ly, adv.

1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully.

2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming. Pope.

GAYNE
Gayne, v. i. Etym: [See Gain.]

Defn: To avail. [Obs.]

GAYNESS
Gay"ness, n.

Defn: Gayety; finery. [R.]

GAYSOME
Gay"some, a.

Defn: Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag.

GAYTRE
Gay"tre, n. Etym: [See Gaitre.]

Defn: The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GAZE Gaze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] Etym: [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us- geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.]

Defn: To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with
eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with
studious attention.
Why stand ye gazing up into heaven Acts i. 11.

Syn. — To gape; stare; look. — To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look.

GAZE
Gaze, v. t.

Defn: To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.]
And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton.

GAZE
Gaze, n.

1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention. With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton.

2. The object gazed on. Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton. At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; — said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; — a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing. I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson.

GAZEEBO
Ga*zee"bo, n. Etym: [Humorously formed from gaze.]

Defn: A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect.
[Colloq.]

GAZEFUL
Gaze"ful, a.

Defn: Gazing. [R.] Spenser.

GAZEHOUND
Gaze"hound`, n.

Defn: A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir
W. Scott.

GAZEL
Ga"zel, n.

Defn: The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.]

GAZEL
Ga*zel", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gazelle.

GAZELLE Ga*zelle", n. Etym: [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; — called also algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.]

Note: The common species of Northern Africa (Gazella dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known.

GAZEMENT
Gaze"ment, n.

Defn: View. [Obs.] Spenser.

GAZER
Gaz"er, n.

Defn: One who gazes.

GAZET Ga*zet, n. Etym: [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal treasure.]

Defn: A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents. [Obs.]

GAZETTE Ga*zette", n. Etym: [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.]

Defn: A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices.

GAZETTE
Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.]

Defn: To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy.

GAZETTEER
Gaz`et*teer", n. Etym: [Cf. F. gazetier.]

1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson.

2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke.

3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places.

4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything.

GAZINGSTOCK
Gaz"ing*stock`, n.

Defn: A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall.

GAZOGENE
Gaz"o*gene, n. Etym: [F. gazogène; gaz gas + -gène, E. -gen.]

Defn: A portable apparatus for making soda water or aërated liquids on a small scale. Knight.

GAZON
Ga*zon", n. Etym: [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.)

Defn: One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks.

GE-
Ge-.

Defn: An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-.

GEAL
Geal, v. i. Etym: [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.]

Defn: To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.]

GEAN Gean, n. Etym: [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. wihsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.)

Defn: A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color.

GEANTICLINAL
Ge`an*ti*cli"nal, n. Etym: [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria; — opposed to geosynclinal.

GEAR Gear, n. Etym: [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garawi, garwi ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.]

1. Clothing; garments; ornaments. Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser.

2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer. Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia)

3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material. Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser.

4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping.

5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson.

6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.] Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser.

8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear.

9. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).

10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright. That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man. Latimer. Bever gear. See Bevel gear. — Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. — Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. — Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. — Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. — Gear wheel, any cogwheel. — Running gear. See under Running. — To throw in, or out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation.

GEAR
Gear v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared; p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.]

1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; — said of a machine.

GEAR
Gear, v. i. (Mach.)

Defn: To be in, or come into, gear.

GEARING
Gear"ing, n.

1. Harness.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery. Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. — Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. — Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; — for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc.

GEASON Gea"son, a. Etym: [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.]

Defn: Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser.

GEAT
Geat, n. Etym: [See Gate a door.] (Founding)

Defn: The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.]

GECARCINIAN
Ge`car*cin"i*an, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera.

GECK Geck, n. Etym: [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person.]

1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.]

2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.] To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak.

GECK
Geck, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.]

1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson.

GECK
Geck, v. i.

Defn: To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott.

GECKO Geck"o, n.; pl. Geckoes. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. gecko; — so called from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any lizard of the family Geckonidæ. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot.

GECKOTIAN
Geck*o"tian, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gecko.

GED; GEDD
Ged, Gedd (, n.

Defn: The European pike.

GEE
Gee, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed; p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.]

1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. Etym: [Cf. G. jü, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. giò, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.]

Defn: To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); — said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.]

Note: In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him. Gee ho, or Gee whoa. Same as Gee.

GEE
Gee, v. t. Etym: [See Gee to turn.]

Defn: To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver.
[Written also jee.]

GEER; GEERING
Geer, Geer"ing. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gear, Gearing.

GEESE
Geese, n.,

Defn: pl. of Goose.

GEEST Geest, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. gest, gast, gestlond, gastlond, fr. Fries. gast barren. Cf. Geason.]

Defn: Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin.
R. Jameson.

GEET
Geet, n. Etym: [See Jet.]

Defn: Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEEZ
Geez, n.

Defn: The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See Ethiopic.

GEEZER
Gee"zer, n. [Dial. corrupt. of Guiser a mummer.]

Defn: A queer old fellow; an old chap; an old woman. [Contemptuous,
Slang or Dial.]

GEHENNA
Ge*hen"na, n. Etym: [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.)

Defn: The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell. The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton.

GEIC
Ge"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold. Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin.

GEIN
Ge"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: See Humin.

GEISHA
Gei"sha (ga"sha), n.; pl. Geisha (-sha), Geishas (-shaz). [Jap.]

Defn: A Japanese singing and dancing girl.

GEISSLER TUBE
Geis"sler tube`. (Elec.)

Defn: A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; — so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Plücker tube, from the German physicist who devised it.

GEITONOGAMY
Gei"to*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant.

GELABLE
Gel"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.]

Defn: Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly.

GELADA
Gel"a*da, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male.

GELASTIC
Ge*las"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles."
Sir T. Browne.

GELATIFICATION Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The formation of gelatin.

GELATIGENOUS
Gel`a*tig"e*nous, n. Etym: [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues.

GELATIN; GELATINE
Gel"a*tin

Defn: , Gel"a*tine (, n. Etym: [F. gélatine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order.

Note: Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in - in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacopoeia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary. Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. — Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry- plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. — Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin.

GELATINATE
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gelatinating.]

Defn: To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly.

GELATINATE
Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly. Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids. Kirwan.

GELATINATION
Ge*lat`i*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly.

GELATINE
Gel"a*tine, n.

Defn: Same as Gelatin.

GELATINIFEROUS
Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination.

GELATINIFORM
Gel`a*tin"i*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of gelatin.

GELATINIZATION
Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: Same as Gelatination.

GELATINIZE
Ge*lat"i*nize, v. t.

1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t.

2. (Photog.)

Defn: To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin.

GELATINIZE
Ge*lat"i*nize, v. i.

Defn: Same as Gelatinate, v. i.

GELATINOUS
Ge*lat"i*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gélatineux.]

Defn: Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous.

GELATION
Ge*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.]
(Astron.)

Defn: The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying.

GELD Geld, n. Etym: [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield.]

Defn: Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.]

Note: This word occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc.

GELD
Geld, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.]
Etym: [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. gälla, and
cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt,
Goth. gilpa siclke.]

1. To castrate; to emasculate.

2. To deprive of anything essential. Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak.

3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden.

GELDABLE
Geld"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being gelded.

GELDABLE
Geld"a*ble, a. Etym: [From Geld money.]

Defn: Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill.

GELDER
Geld"er, n.

Defn: One who gelds or castrates.

GELDER-ROSE
Gel"der-rose, n.

Defn: Same as Guelder-rose.

GELDING Geld"ing, n. Etym: [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. gälling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.]

Defn: A castrated animal; — usually applied to a horse, but formerly
used also of the human male.
They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and
Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38).

GELDING
Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n..

Defn: from Geld, v. t.

GELID Gel"id, a. Etym: [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.]

Defn: Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson.

GELIDITY
Ge*lid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being gelid.

GELIDLY
Gel"id*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gelid manner; coldly.

GELIDNESS
Gel"id*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gelid; gelidity.

GELLY
Gel"ly, n.

Defn: Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser.

GELOSCOPY
Ge*los"copy, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy.]

Defn: Divination by means of laughter.

GELOSE
Ge*lose", n. Etym: [See Gelatin.] (Chem.)

Defn: An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds.

GELSEMIC
Gel*se"mic, a.

Defn: Gelseminic.

GELSEMINE
Gel"se*mine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; — called also gelsemia.

GELSEMINIC
Gel`se*min"ic, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin.

GELSEMIUM
Gel*se"mium, n. Etym: [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine
(Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States.
It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc.

GELT
Gelt, n. Etym: [See 1st Geld.]

Defn: Trubute, tax. [Obs.] All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller.

GELT
Gelt, n. Etym: [See Gelt, v. t.]

Defn: A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer.

GELT
Gelt, n.

Defn: Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser.

GEM Gem, n. Etym: [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. Denham.

2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton.

3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass.

GEM
Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming]

1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton.

2. To adorn with gems or precious stones.

3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops. England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving.

GEMARA
Ge*ma"ra, n. Etym: [Heb.] (Jewish Law)

Defn: The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text).

GEMARIC
Ge*mar"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Gemara.

GEMARIST
Ge*ma"rist, n.

Defn: One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings.

GEMEL Gem"el, a. Etym: [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.)

Defn: Coupled; paired. Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other.

GEMEL
Gem"el, n.

1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. (Heb.)

Defn: One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other.
Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a.
Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype.
Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and
a hook.
— Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal.
— Gemel window, a window with two bays.

GEMELLIPA-ROUS Gem`el*lip"a-rous, a. Etym: [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.]

Defn: Producing twins. [R.] Bailey.

GEMINAL
Gem"i*nal, a. Etym: [L. geminus twin.]

Defn: A pair. [Obs.] Drayton.

GEMINATE
Gem"i*nate, a. Etym: [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See
Gemini.] (Bot.)

Defn: In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers. Gray.

GEMINATE
Gem"i*nate, v. t.

Defn: To double. [R.] B. Jonson.

GEMINATION
Gem`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. geminatio.]

Defn: A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle.

GEMINI Gem"i*ni, n. pl. Etym: [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related as brother or sister.] (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th.

GEMINIFLOROUS
Gem`i*ni*flo"rous, a. Etym: [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having the flowers arranged in pairs.

GEMINOUS
Gem"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. geminus.]

Defn: Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne.

GEMINY
Gemi*ny, n. Etym: [See Gemini.]

Defn: Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak.

GEMITORES Gem`i*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, moan.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of birds including the true pigeons.

GEMMA
Gem"ma, n.; pl. Gemmæ. Etym: [L., a bud.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell.

GEMMACEOUS
Gem*ma"ceous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gems or to gemmæ; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemmæ.

GEMMARY
Gem"ma*ry, a. Etym: [L. gemmarius. See Gem.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to gems.

GEMMARY
Gem"ma*ry, n.

Defn: A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively.

GEMMATE Gem"mate, a. Etym: [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having buds; reproducing by buds.

GEMMATED
Gem"ma*ted, a.

Defn: Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels.

GEMMATION
Gem*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmation.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud.

GEMMEOUS
Gem"me*ous, a. Etym: [L. gemmeus. See Gem.]

Defn: Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems.
Pennant.

GEMMIFEROUS
Gem*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmifère.]

Defn: Producing gems or buds; (Biol.)

Defn: multiplying by buds.

GEMMIFICATION Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The production of a bud or gem.

GEMMIFLORATE
Gem`mi*flo"rate, a. Etym: [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Having flowers like buds.

GEMMINESS
Gem"mi*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness.

GEMMIPARA; GEMMIPARES Gem*mip"a*ra Gem*mip"a*res n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids.

GEMMIPARITY
Gem`mi*par"i*ty, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding.

GEMMIPAROUS
Gem*mip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.)

Defn: Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1.

GEMMOSITY
Gem*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.]

Defn: The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.]
Bailey.

GEMMULATION
Gem`mu*la"tion, n. Etym: [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.]
(Biol.)

Defn: See Gemmation.

GEMMULE
Gem"mule, n. Etym: [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See
Gem.]

1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of algæ. (d) An ovule.

2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis.

GEMMULIFEROUS
Gem`mu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gemmule + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing or producing gemmules or buds.

GEMMY
Gem"my, a. Etym: [From Gem, n.]

1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem. The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson.

2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.]

GEMOTE
Ge*mote", n. Etym: [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.)

Defn: A meeting; — used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men.

GEMS
Gems, n. Etym: [G.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chamois.

GEMSBOK Gems"bok, n. Etym: [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns.

GEMS-HORN
Gems"-horn`, n. Etym: [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.)

Defn: An organ stop with conical tin pipes.

GEMUL
Ge*mul", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.]

-GEN -gen. Etym: [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -gène.]

1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen.

2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen.

GENA Ge"na, Etym: [L., the cheek.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached.

GENAPPE
Ge*nappe", n. Etym: [From Genappe, in Belgium.]

Defn: A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds.

GENDARME
Gen`darme", n.; pl. Gendarmes, or Gens d'armes. Etym: [F.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France]

2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray.

GENDARMERY
Gen*darm"er*y, n. Etym: [F. gendarmerie.]

Defn: The body of gendarmes.

GENDER Gen"der, n. Etym: [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.]

1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak.

2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.]

3. (Gram.)

Defn: A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex. Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris.

Note: Adjectives and pronouns are said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer.

GENDER
Gen"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.]
Etym: [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.]

Defn: To beget; to engender.

GENDER
Gen"der, v. i.

Defn: To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak.

GENDERLESS
Gen"der*less, a.

Defn: Having no gender.

GENEAGENESIS
Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: Alternate generation. See under Generation.

GENEALOGIC
Gen`e*a*log"ic, a.

Defn: Genealogical.

GENEALOGICAL
Gen`e*a*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table;
genealogical order.
— Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or
genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches.

GENEALOGIST
Gen`e*al"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généalogiste.]

Defn: One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families.

GENEALOGIZE
Gen`e*al"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To investigate, or relate the history of, descents.

GENEALOGY
Gen`e*al"o*gy, n.; pl. Genealogies. Etym: [OE. genealogi, genelogie,
OF. genelogie, F. généalogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) +

1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree.

2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage.

GENEARCH
Gen"e*arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The chief of a family or tribe.

GENERA
Gen"e*ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Genus.

GENERABILITY
Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Capability of being generated. Johnstone.

GENERABLE
Gen"er*a*ble, a. Etym: [L. generabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley.

GENERAL
Gen"er*al, a. Etym: [F. général, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.]

1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy.

2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion.

3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression.

4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom. This general applause and cheerful sShak.

5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton.

6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part. His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak.

7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method.

Note: The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. — General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. — General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. — General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. — General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. — General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. — General epistle, a canonical epistle. — General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. — General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. — General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. — General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. — General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. — General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. — General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. — General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. — General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. — General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals.

Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal.

Syn: Gen"er*al, n. Etym: [F. général. See General., a.]

1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; — opposed to particular. In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal.

Note: In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general.

4. (Eccl.)

Defn: The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule.

5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in the main; for the most part.

GENERALIA
Gen`e*ra"li*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.]

Defn: Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill.

GENERALISSIMO
Gen`er*al*is"si*mo, n. Etym: [It., superl. of generale general. See
General, a.]

Defn: The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; — a title used in most foreign countries.

GENERALITY Gen`er*al"i*ty, n.; pl. Generalities. Etym: [L. generalitas: cf. F. généralité. Cf. Generalty.]

1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker.

2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase. Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor. The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate.

3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind.

GENERALIZABLE
Gen"er*al*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule. Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge

GENERALIZATION
Gen`er*al*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. généralisation.]

1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars. Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A general inference.

GENERALIZE
Gen"er*al*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Generalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. généraliser.]

1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera. Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson.

2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule. When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle)
from particulars.
A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts.
Coleridge.

GENERALIZE
Gen"er*al*ize, v. i.

Defn: To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views.

GENERALIZED
Gen"er*al*ized, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type.

GENERALIZER
Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n.

Defn: One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall.

GENERALLY
Gen"er*al*ly, adv.

1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently.

2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively. Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison.

3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.] I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam. xvii. ll.

GENERALNESS
Gen"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney.

GENERALSHIP
Gen"er*al*ship, n.

1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; — sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general. Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith.

2. Military skill in a general officer or commander.

3. Fig.: Leadership; management. An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne.

GENERALTY
Gen"er*al*ty, n.

Defn: Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

GENERANT
Gen"er*ant, a. Etym: [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.]

Defn: Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.),

Defn: acting as a generant.

GENERANT
Gen"er*ant, n.

1. That which generates. Glanvill.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: A generatrix.

GENERATE
Gen"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Generating.] Etym: [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr.
genus. See Genus, Gender.]

1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species.

2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton.

3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause. Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot.

4. (Math.)

Defn: To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order.

GENERATION Gen`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [OE. generacioun, F. génération, fr.L. generatio.]

1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals.

2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc.

3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring.

4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age. This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1. Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3. All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker.

5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock. Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog Shak.

6. (Geom.)

Defn: The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.

7. (Biol.)

Defn: The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction.

Note: There are four modes of generation in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, — a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. — Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis.

GENERATIVE
Gen"er*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. génératif.]

Defn: Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley.

GENERATOR
Gen"er*a`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; — called also generating tone.

GENERATRIX
Gen`er*a"trix, n.; pl. L. Generatrices, E. Generatrixes. Etym: [L.]
(Geom.)

Defn: That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; — called also describent.

GENERIC; GENERICAL
Ge*ner"ic, Ge*ner"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf.
F. générique. See Gender.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic name.

2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; — opposed to Ant: specific.

GENERICALLY
Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants generically allied.

GENERICALNESS
Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being generic.

GENERIFICATION Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]

Defn: The act or process of generalizing.
Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W.
Hamilton.

GENEROSITY
Gen`er*os"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. generositas: cf. F. générosité.]

1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages).

2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness. Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow.

3. Liberality in giving; munificence.

Syn.
— Magnanimity; liberality.

GENEROUS Gen"er*ous, a. Etym: [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]

1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.] The generous and gravest citizens. Shak.

2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope. "A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison.

3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or father.

4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous table. Swift.

5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous wine.

Syn.
— Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal.
— Gen"er*ous*ly, adv.
— Gen"er*ous*ness, n.

GENESEE EPOCH
Gen`e*see" ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; — so called because the formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York.

GENESIAL
Ge*ne"sial, a.

Defn: Of or relating to generation.

GENESIOLGY
Ge*ne`si*ol"gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine or science of generation.

GENESIS
Gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.]

1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination. The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle.

2. The first book of the Old Testament; — so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: Same as Generation.

GENET; GENETTE
Gen"et, Ge*nette" (, n. Etym: [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch.

Note: The common genet (Genetta vulgaris) of Southern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species.

2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur.

GENET
Gen"et, n. Etym: [See Jennet.]

Defn: A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet.
Shak.

GENETHLIAC
Ge*neth"li*ac, a. Etym: [L. genethliacus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth. Howell.

GENETHLIAC
Ge*neth"li*ac, n.

1. A birthday poem.

2. One skilled in genethliacs.

GENETHLIACAL
Gen`eth*li"a*cal, a.

Defn: Genethliac.

GENETHLIACS
Ge*neth"li*acs, n.

Defn: The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Jhonson.

GENETHLIALOGY
Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology.

GENETHLIATIC
Ge*neth`li*at"ic, n.

Defn: One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond.

GENETIC
Ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Genetical.

GENETICAL
Ge*net"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Genesis.]

Defn: Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development. This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of philosophy. Hare.

GENETICALLY
Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a genetical manner.

GENEVA
Ge*ne"va, n.

Defn: The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. — Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. — Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; — the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention.

GENEVA Ge*ne"va, n. Etym: [F. genièvre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F. genièvre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.]

Defn: A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; — made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands.

GENEVAN
Ge*ne"van, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese.

GENEVAN
Ge*ne"van, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva.

2. A supported of Genevanism.

GENEVANISM
Ge*ne"van*ism, n. Etym: [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.]

Defn: Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu.

GENEVESE
Gen`e*vese", a. Etym: [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. génevois.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan.
— n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva.

GENIAL
Ge*ni"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Genian.

GENIAL
Gen"ial, a. Etym: [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]

1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton. Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden.

2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition. So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton.

3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.] Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne.

4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.] Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works. Hare. Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation.

GENIALITY
Ge`ni*al"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. genialitas.]

Defn: The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners.

GENIALLY
Gen"ial*ly, adv.

1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.] Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill.

2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson.

GENIALNESS
Gen"ial*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being genial.

GENIAN
Ge*ni"an, a. Etym: [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian prominence.

GENICULATE Ge*nic"u*late, a. Etym: [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.]

Defn: Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal.

GENICULATE
Ge*nic"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Geniculating.]

Defn: To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram.

GENICULATED
Ge*nic"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Same as Geniculate.

GENICULATION
Ge*nic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. geniculatio a kneeling.]

1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall.

2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle.

GENIE
Gé`nie, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Genius.

GENIO
Ge"ni*o, n. Etym: [It. See Genius.]

Defn: A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] Tatler.

GENIOHYOID
Ge`ni*o*hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle.

GENIP; GENIP TREE
Gen"ip, n., or Genip tree.

1. Any tree or shrub of the genus Genipa.

2. The West Indian sapindaceous tree Melicocca bijuga, which yields the honeyberry; also, the related trees Exothea paniculata and E. trifoliata.

GENIPAP
Gen"i*pap, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of the order Rubiaceæ. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice.

GENISTA
Ge*nis"ta, n. Etym: [L., broom.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe.

GENITAL
Gen"i*tal, a. Etym: [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf.
F. génital. See Gender.]

Defn: Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs. Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and Müllerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes.

GENITALS
Gen"i*tals, n. pl. Etym: [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.]

Defn: The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts.

GENITING
Gen"i*ting, n. Etym: [See Jenneting.]

Defn: A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon.

GENITIVAL
Gen`i*ti"val, a.

Defn: Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. — Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv.

GENITIVE Gen"i*tive, a. Etym: [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf. F. génitif. See Gender.] (Gram.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

GENITIVE
Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute.

GENITOCRURAL
Gen`i*to*cru"ral, a. Etym: [Genital + crural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; — applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.

GENITOR
Gen"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon.

2. pl.

Defn: The genitals. [Obs.] Holland.

GENITOURINARY
Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry, a. Etym: [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Urogenital.

GENITURE
Gen"i*ture, n. Etym: [L. genitura: cf. F. géniture.]

Defn: Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden.

GENIUS Gen"ius, n.; pl. E. Geniuses; in sense 1, L. Genii. Etym: [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.]

1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee. The unseen genius of the wood. Milton. We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor.

2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting.

3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language.

4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius. Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power. Coleridge.

5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius.

Syn. — Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his preëminent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate.

Genius loci ( Etym: [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc.

GENOA CAKE
Gen"o*a cake. (Cookery)

Defn: A rich glazed cake, with almonds, pistachios, filberts, or other nuts; also, a rich currant cake with almonds on the top.

GENOESE
Gen`o*ese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.
— n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of
Genoa.

GENOUILLERE
Ge*nouil`lère", n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Anc. Armor)

Defn: A metal plate covering the knee.

2. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure.

-GENOUS -ge*nous. Etym: [-gen + -ous.]

Defn: A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous; endogenous.

GENRE
Genre, n. Etym: [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners.

GENS
Gens, n.; pl. Gentes. Etym: [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.)

1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe.

2. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem.

GENT Gent, a. Etym: [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr. gentilis. See Genteel.]

1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.] All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer.

2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser. Her body gent and small. Chaucer.

GENTEEL
Gen*teel", a. Etym: [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address.

2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law.

3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a genteel allowance.

Syn.
— Polite; well-bred; refined; polished.

GENTEELISH
Gen*teel"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat genteel.

GENTEELLY
Gen*teel"ly, adv.

Defn: In a genteel manner.

GENTEELNESS
Gen*teel"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being genteel.

GENTERIE; GENTRIE
Gen"ter*ie, Gen"trie (, n. Etym: [OE. See Gentry.]

Defn: Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTIAN
Gen"tian, n. Etym: [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr.
Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule.

Note: Many species are found on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the pharmacopoeias. Horse gentian, fever root. — Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort.

GENTIANACEOUS
Gen`tian*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Gentianaceæ) of which the gentian is the type.

GENTIANELLA
Gen`tian*el"la, n. Etym: [See Gentian.]

Defn: A kind of blue color. Johnson.

GENTIANIC
Gen`ti*an"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid.

GENTIANINE
Gen"tian*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian.

GENTIANOSE
Gen"tian*ose`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian.

GENTIL
Gen"til, a. & n.

Defn: Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTILE Gen"tile, n. Etym: [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.]

Defn: One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen.

Note: The Hebrews included in the term goyim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated goyim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans.

Syn.
— Pagan; heathen. See Pagan.

GENTILE
Gen"tile, a.

1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective.

GENTILE-FALCON
Gen"tile-fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Falcon-gentil.

GENTILESSE
Gen`ti*lesse", n. Etym: [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse.
See Gentle. a.]

Defn: Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTILISH
Gen"til*ish, a.

Defn: Heathenish; pagan.

GENTILISM
Gen"til*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. gentilisme.]

1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods.

2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens.

GENTILITIAL; GENTILITIOUS
Gen`ti*li"tial, Gen`ti*li"tious, a. Etym: [L. gentilitius. See
Gentile.] [Obs.]

1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne.

2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot.

GENTILITY Gen*til"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilité heathenism. See Gentile.]

1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay. He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak.

2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding.

3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies.

4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker.

GENTILIZE
Gen"til*ize, v. i. Etym: [See Gentile.]

1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To act the gentleman; — with it (see It, 5). [Obs.]

GENTILIZE
Gen"til*ize, v. i.

Defn: To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester.

GENTILLY
Gen"til*ly, adv. Etym: [From Gentil, a.]

Defn: In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GENTIOPIKRIN
Gen`ti*o*pi"krin, n. Etym: [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian.

GENTISIN
Gen"ti*sin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; — called also gentianin.

GENTLE Gen"tle, a. [Compar. Gentler; superl. Gentlest.] Etym: [OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.]

1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble. British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc. The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time. Milton.

2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice.

3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak.

4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse.

5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle music." Sir J. Davies. O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge. The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking.

Syn. — Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. — Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek.

GENTLE
Gen"tle, n.

1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.] Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak.

2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous larva used as fish bait.

GENTLE
Gent"le, v. t.

1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.] To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain. Young.

3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.]

GENTLEFOLK; GENTLEFOLKS
Gen"tle*folk`, Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl.

Defn: Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. Etym: [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] Shak.

GENTLE-HEARTED
Gen"tle-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak.
— Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n.

GENTLEMAN Gen"tle*man, n.; pl. Gentlemen. Etym: [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.]

1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman.

2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man.

3. (Her.)

Defn: One who bears arms, but has no title.

4. The servant of a man of rank. The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak.

5. A man, irrespective of condition; — used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc.

Note: In Great Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation. Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford. — Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc. — Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. — Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.]

GENTLEMANHOOD
Gen"tle*man*hood, n.

Defn: The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray.

GENTLEMANLIKE; GENTLEMANLY
Gen"tle*man*like`, Gen"tle*man*ly, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well- behaved; courteous; polite.

GENTLEMANLINESS
Gen"tle*man*li*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners.

GENTLEMANSHIP
Gen"tle*man*ship, n.

Defn: The carriage or quality of a gentleman.

GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT
Gen"tle*men's a*gree"ment.

Defn: An agreement binding only as a matter of honor; often, specif., such an agreement among the heads of industrial or merchantile enterprises, the terms of which could not be included and enforced in a legal contract.

GENTLENESS
Gen"tle*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness.

GENTLESHIP
Gen"tle*ship, n.

Defn: The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham.

GENTLESSE
Gent"lesse, n.

Defn: Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.]

GENTLEWOMAN
Gen"tle*wom`an, n.; pl. Gentlewomen (.

1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar. Bacon.

2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak.

GENTLY
Gen"tly, adv.

Defn: In a gentle manner.
My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden.

GENTOO
Gen*too", n.; pl. Gentoos. Etym: [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See
Gentile.]

Defn: A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic]

GENTRY Gen"try, n. Etym: [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.]

1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer. She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath. Shak.

2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay.

3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.] To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak.

GENTY
Gen"ty, a. Etym: [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.]

Defn: Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns.

GENU Ge"nu, n.; pl. Genua. Etym: [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. (b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain.

GENUFLECT
Gen`u*flect", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Genuflecting.] Etym: [See Genuflection.]

Defn: To bend the knee, as in worship.

GENUFLECTION
Gen`u*flec"tion, n. Etym: [F. génuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L.
genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See
Knee, Flexible.]

Defn: The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp.
Stillingfleet.

GENUINE Gen"u*ine, a. Etym: [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. génuine. See Gender.]

Defn: Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden.

Syn.
— Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See
Authentic.
— Gen"u*ine*ly, adv.
— Gen"u*ine*ness, n.
The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of
these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay.

GENUS
Ge"nus, n.; pl. Genera. Etym: [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to
Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.]

1. (Logic)

Defn: A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus.

Note: Thus in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species. Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. — Summum genus Etym: [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being .

GENYS
Ge"nys, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Conys.

GEOCENTRIC; GEOCENTRICAL Ge`o*cen"tric, Ge`o*cen"tric*al, a. Etym: [Gr. géocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, — usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude.

GEOCENTRICALLY
Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geocentric manner.

GEOCHEMISTRY Ge`o*chem"is*try (je`o*kem"is*try), n. [Gr. ge`a, gh^, the earth + chemistry.]

Defn: The study of the chemical composition of, and of actual or possible chemical changes in, the crust of the earth. — Ge`o*chem"ic*al (#), a. —Ge`o*chem"ist (#), n.

GEOCRONITE
Ge*oc"ro*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.)

Defn: A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic.

GEOCYCLIC
Ge`o*cyc"lic, a. Etym: [Gr.

1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic machine.

2. Circling the earth periodically.

GEODE Ge"ode, n. Etym: [F. géode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The cavity in such a nodule.

GEODEPHAGOUS
Ge`o*deph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living in the earth; — applied to the ground beetles.

GEODESIC; GEODESICAL
Ge`o*des"ic, Ge`o*des"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géodésique.] (Math.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to geodetic.

GEODESIC
Ge`o*des"ic, n.

Defn: A geodetic line or curve.

GEODESIST
Ge*od"e*sist, n.

Defn: One versed in geodesy.

GEODESY
Ge*od"e*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. géodésie.] (Math.)

Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast.

GEODETIC; GEODETICAL
Ge`o*det"ic, Ge`o*det"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line or curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points.

GEODETICALLY
Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy.

GEODETICS
Ge`o*det"ics, n.

Defn: Same as Geodesy.

GEODIFEROUS
Ge`o*dif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Producing geodes; containing geodes.

GEODUCK
Ge"o*duck, n. Etym: [American Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of
North America, highly valued as an article of food.

GEOGNOSIS
Ge`og*no"sis, n. Etym: [See Geognosy.]

Defn: Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot.

GEOGNOST
Ge"og*nost, n. Etym: [Cf. F. géognoste.]

Defn: One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.]

GEOGNOSTIC; GEOGNOSTICAL
Ge`og*nos"tic, Ge`og*nos"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géognostique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.]

GEOGNOSY
Ge*og"no*sy, n. Etym: [Gr. géognosie.]

Defn: That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution.

GEOGONIC; GEOGONICAL
Ge`o*gon"ic, Ge`o*gon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géogonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth.

GEOGONY
Ge*og"o*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. géogonie.]

Defn: The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth.

GEOGRAPHER
Ge*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One versed in geography.

GEOGRAPHIC; GEOGRAPHICAL Ge`o*graph"ic, Ge`o*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. geographicus, Gr. géographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. — Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. — Geographical mile. See under Mile. — Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions.

GEOGRAPHICALLY
Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geographical manner or method; according to geography.

GEOGRAPHY Ge*og"ra*phy, n.; pl. Geographies. Etym: [F. géographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.]

1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited.

2. A treatise on this science. Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. — Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. — Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions.

GEOLATRY
Ge*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox. The Geological Series.

Note: The science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram.

GEOLOGER; GEOLOGIAN
Ge*ol"o*ger, Ge`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A geologist.

GEOLOGIC; GEOLOGICAL
Ge`o*log"ic, Ge`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth.

GEOLOGICALLY
Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a geological manner.

GEOLOGIST
Ge*ol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Géologiste.]

Defn: One versed in the science of geology.

GEOLOGIZE
Ge*ol"o*gize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Geologizing.]

Defn: To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist. During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin.

GEOLOGY
Ge*ol"o*gy, n.; pl. Geologies. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. géologie.]

1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series.

2. A treatise on the science.

GEOMALISM
Ge*om"a*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation.

GEOMANCER
Ge"o*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy.

GEOMANCY Ge"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. géomance, géomancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper.

GEOMANTIC; GEOMANTICAL
Ge`o*man"tic, Ge`o*man"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géomantique.]

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to geomancy.

GEOMETER
Ge*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [F. géomètre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr.
Meter measure.]

1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid.

GEOMETRAL
Ge*om"e*tral, a. Etym: [Cf. F. géométral.]

Defn: Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.]

GEOMETRIC; GEOMETRICAL Ge`o*met"ric, Ge`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [L. geometricus; Gr. géométrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem.

Note: Geometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra.

Note: Geometrical is often used in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical. Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; — so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. — Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; — called also cycloidal engine. — Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. — Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. — Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane . — Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. — Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. — Geometric spider (Zoöl.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. — Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. — Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. — Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures.

GEOMETRICALLY
Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to the rules or laws of geometry.

GEOMETRICIAN
Ge*om`e*tri"cian, n.

Defn: One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician.

GEOMETRID
Ge*om"e*trid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to the Geometridæ.

GEOMETRID
Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family Geometridæ; — so called because their larvæ (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms.

GEOMETRIZE
Ge*om"e*trize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Geometrizing.]

Defn: To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to
make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the
principles of geometry.
Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T.
Browne.

GEOMETRY
Ge*om"e*try, n; pl. Geometries Etym: [F. géométrie, L. geometria, fr.
Gr. Geometer.]

1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space.

2. A treatise on this science. Analytical, or Coördinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. — Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. — Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. — Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees.

GEOPHAGISM
Ge*oph"a*gism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt.
Dunglison.

GEOPHAGIST
Ge*oph"a*gist, n.

Defn: One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc.

GEOPHAGOUS
Ge*oph"a*gous, a.

Defn: Earth-eating.

GEOPHILA
Ge*oph"i*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs.

GEOPONIC; GEOPONICAL
Ge`o*pon"ic, Ge`o*pon"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. géoponique.]

Defn: Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture.

GEOPONICS
Ge`o*pon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. géoponique.]

Defn: The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture.
Evelin.

GEORAMA
Ge`o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. géorama.]

Defn: A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside.

GEORDIE
Geor"die, n.

Defn: A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp.
Raymond.

GEORGE
George, n. Etym: [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work.
See Work.]

1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter.

2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden.

GEORGE NOBLE
George" no`ble. Etym: [So called from the image of St. George on it.]

Defn: A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n.

GEORGIAN
Geor"gi*an, a.

1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States.

2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era.

GEORGIAN
Geor"gi*an, n.

Defn: A native of, or dweller in, Georgia.

GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE
Georgian architecture.

Defn: British or British colonial architecture of the period of the four Georges, especially that of the period before 1800.

GEORGIC Geor"gic, n. Etym: [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr. géorgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.]

Defn: A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil.

GEORGIC; GEORGICAL
Geor"gic, Geor"gic*al, a. Etym: [L. georgicus, Gr. géorgique. See
George.]

Defn: Relating to agriculture and rural affairs.

GEORGIUM SIDUS
Geor"gi*um Si`dus. Etym: [NL., the star of George (III. of England).]
(Astron.)

Defn: The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel.

GEOSCOPY
Ge*os"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. géoscopie.]

Defn: Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers.

GEOSELENIC
Ge`o*se*len"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena.

GEOSTATIC
Ge`o*stat"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.)

Defn: Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance. Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine.

GEOSYNCLINAL
Ge`o*syn*cli"nal, n. Etym: [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.)

Defn: the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; — opposed to geanticlinal.

GEOTHERMOMETER
Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics)

Defn: A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground.

GEOTIC
Ge*ot"ic a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey.

GEOTROPIC
Ge`o*trop"ic, a. Etym: [See Geotropism.] (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or showing, geotropism.

GEOTROPISM
Ge*ot"ro*pism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ.

Note: In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum.

GEPHYREA
Ge*phyr"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without setæ.

GEPHYREAN
Ge*phyr"e*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Gephyrea.
— n. One of the Gerphyrea.

GEPHYREOID
Ge*phyr"e*oid, a. & n. Etym: [Gephyrea + -oid.]

Defn: Gephyrean.

GEPOUND
Ge*pound", n.

Defn: See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERAH
Ge"rah, n. Etym: [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.)

Defn: A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel.

Note: The silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains.

GERANIACEOUS
Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (Geraniaceæ) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others.

GERANIINE; GERANINE
Ge*ra"ni*ine, Ger"a*nine, n. Etym: [See Geranium.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum or crane's-bill.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also geranium.]

GERANIUM
Ge*ra"ni*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. géranium. See Crane, n.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill.

2. (Floriculture)

Defn: A cultivated pelargonium.

Note: Many plants referred to the genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa.

GERANT
Ge"rant, n. Etym: [F. gérant.]

Defn: The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc.

GERBE
Gerbe, n. Etym: [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny)

Defn: A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow.

GERBIL; GERBILLE
Ger"bil, Ger`bille", n. Etym: [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

GERBOA
Ger*bo"a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jerboa.

GERE
Gere, n.

Defn: Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERENT
Ge"rent, a. Etym: [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.]

Defn: Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey.

GERFALCON
Ger"fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gyrfalcon.

GERFUL
Ger"ful, a. Etym: [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.]

Defn: Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GERLAND; GERLOND
Ger"land, Ger"lond, n.

Defn: A garland. [Obs.]

GERLIND
Ger"lind, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.]

GERM
Germ, n. Etym: [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ.
Cf. Germen, Germane.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter.

2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). — Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. — Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. — Germ stock (Zoöl.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. — Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory.

GERM
Germ, v. i.

Defn: To germinate. [R.] J. Morley.

GERMAIN
Ger*main", a. [Obs.]

Defn: See Germane.

GERMAN Ger"man, a. Etym: [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.]

Defn: Nearly related; closely akin.
Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak.
Brother german. See Brother german.
— Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin.

GERMAN
Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans Etym: [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.]

1. A native or one of the people of Germany.

2. The German language.

3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, — comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. — Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, — including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects.

GERMAN
Ger"man, a. Etym: [L. Germanus. See German, n.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. — German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. — German carp (Zoöl.), the crucian carp. — German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. — German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. — German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. — German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. — German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. — German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. — German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. — German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words,

Note: This line is German Text.
— German tinder. See Amadou.

GERMANDER Ger*man"der, n. Etym: [OE. germaunder, F. germandrée, It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Chamædrys or wall
germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander,
Teucrium Canadense.
— Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis.
— Water germander, Teucrium Scordium.
— Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia.

GERMANE
Ger*mane", a. Etym: [See German akin, nearly related.]

Defn: Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or
fitting; relevant.
The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak.
[An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest).

GERMANIC
Ger*man"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, germanium.

GERMANIC Ger*man"ic, a. Etym: [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.]

1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy.

2. Teutonic. [A loose sense]

GERMANISM
Ger"man*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. germanisme.]

1. An idiom of the German language.

2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander.

GERMANIUM
Ger*ma"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3.

GERMANIZATION
Ger`man*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold.

GERMANIZE
Ger"man*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Germanizing.]

Defn: To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to
Germanize a province, a language, a society.

GERMANIZE
Ger"man*ize, v. i.

Defn: To reason or write after the manner of the Germans.

GERMARIUM
Ger*ma"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Germ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria.

GERM CELL
Germ cell. (Biol.)

Defn: A cell, of either sex, directly concerned in the production of a new organism.

GERMEN
Ger"men, n.; pl. E. Germens, L. Germina. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Germ.

GERMICIDAL
Ger"mi*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Germicide.

GERMICIDE
Ger"mi*cide, a. Etym: [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.)

Defn: Destructive to germs; — applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. — n.

Defn: A germicide agent.

GERMINAL
Ger"mi*nal, a. Etym: [See Germ.]

Defn: Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle. Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. — Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. — Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. — Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals.

GERMINAL
Ger`mi*nal", n. Etym: [F. See Germ .]

Defn: The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 — 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See VendÉmiaire.

GERMINANT
Ger"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. germinans, p. pr.]

Defn: Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.

GERMINATE
Ger"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Germinating.] Etym: [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr.
germen. See Germ.]

Defn: To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon.

GERMINATE
Ger"mi*nate, v. t.

Defn: To cause to sprout. Price (1610).

GERMINATION
Ger`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.]

Defn: The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain.

GERMINATIVE
Ger"mi*na*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. germinatif.]

Defn: Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop.
Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot,
Germinal vesicle, under Germinal.

GERMIPARITY
Ger`mi*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.)

Defn: Reproduction by means of germs.

GERMLESS
Germ"less, a.

Defn: Without germs.

GERMOGEN Ger"mo*gen, n. Etym: [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour.

GERM PLASM
Germ" plasm`, (Biol.)

Defn: See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm.

GERM THEORY
Germ theory.

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The theory that living organisms can be produced only by the development of living germs. Cf. Biogenesis, Abiogenesis.

2. (Med.) The theory which attributes contagious and infectious diseases, suppurative lesions, etc., to the agency of germs. The science of bacteriology was developed after this theory had been established.

GERMULE
Germ"ule, n. Etym: [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small germ.

GERN
Gern, v. t. Etym: [See Grin.]

Defn: To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did gern." Spenser.

GERNER
Ger"ner, n.

Defn: A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEROCOMIA
Ger`o*co"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Gerocomy.

GEROCOMICAL
Ger`o*com"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith.

GEROCOMY
Ge*roc"o*my, n. Etym: [F. gérocomie, fr. Gr.

Defn: That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people.

GERONTES
Ge*ron"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority.

GERONTOCRACY
Ger`on*toc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone.

GEROPIGIA
Ger`o*pig"i*a, n. Etym: [Pg. geropiga.]

Defn: A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also jerupigia.]

-GEROUS -ger*ous. Etym: [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.]

Defn: A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous.

GERRYMANDER
Ger`ry*man"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Gerrymandering.]

Defn: To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.]

Note: This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett.

GERUND
Ger"und, n. Etym: [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform.
See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.)

1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.

2. (AS. Gram.)

Defn: A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; — called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic hæbbe mete tô etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.

GERUNDIAL
Ge*run"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use.

GERUNDIVE
Ge*run"dive, a. Etym: [L. gerundivus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. — n. (Lat. Gram.)

Defn: The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved.

GERUNDIVELY
Ge*run"dive*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund.

GERY
Ger"y, a. Etym: [See Gerful.]

Defn: Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GESLING
Ges"ling, n.

Defn: A gosling. [Prov. Eng.]

GESSE
Gesse, v. t. & i.

Defn: To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GESSO
Ges"so, n. [It., chalk, plaster.]

1. Plaster of Paris, or gypsum, esp. as prepared for use in painting, or in making bas-reliefs and the like; by extension, a plasterlike or pasty material spread upon a surface to fit it for painting or gilding, or a surface so prepared.

2. A work of art done in gesso. [Obs.]

GESSO DURO
Ges"so du"ro. [It., hard plaster.]

Defn: A variety of gesso which when dried becomes hard and durable, often used in making bas-relief casts, which are colored and mounted in elaborate frames.

GEST
Gest, n.

Defn: A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GEST
Gest, n. Etym: [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.]

1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.] Mede.

3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic] Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser.

GEST
Gest, n. Etym: [Cf. Gist a resting place.]

1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey.

2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer.

GESTANT
Ges"tant, a. Etym: [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.]

Defn: Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs. Browning.

GESTATION Ges*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.]

1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.]

2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy.

3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise. Dunglison.

GESTATORY
Ges"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf.
F. gestatoire.]

1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy.

2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.]

GESTE
Geste, v. i.

Defn: To tell stories or gests. [Obs.]

GESTIC
Ges"tic, a. Etym: [See Gest a deed, Gesture.]

1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary. And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith.

2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; — said especially with reference to dancing. Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott.

GESTICULATE Ges*tic"u*late, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gesticulating.] Etym: [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See Gestic.]

Defn: To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures.
Sir T. Herbert.

GESTICULATE
Ges*tic"u*late, v. t.

Defn: To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson.

GESTICULATION
Ges*tic`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.]

1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments.

2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments. Macaulay.

3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson.

GESTICULATOR
Ges*tic"u*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who gesticulates.

GESTICULATORY
Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton.

GESTOUR
Ges"tour, n. Etym: [See Gest a deed.]

Defn: A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.]
Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer.

GESTURAL
Ges"tur*al, a.

Defn: Relating to gesture.

GESTURE Ges"ture, n. Etym: [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.]

1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.] Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many nations. Sir T. Browne.

2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion. Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker. Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love. Milton.

GESTURE
Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured; p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.]

Defn: To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to
gesticulate.
It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker.

GESTURE
Ges"ture, v. i.

Defn: To make gestures; to gesticulate.
The players . . . gestured not undecently withal. Holland.