E- E- (part 3)

Defn: In French usage, a dish served at the beginning of dinner to give zest to the appetite; in English usage, a side dish, served with a joint, or between the courses, as a cutlet, scalloped oysters, etc.

ENTREMETS En`tre*mets", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [F., fr. entre between + mets a dish, mess.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A side dish; a dainty or relishing dish usually eaten after the joints or principal dish; also, a sweetmeat, served with a dinner.

2. Any small entertainment between two greater ones. [R.]

ENTRENCH
En*trench", v. t.

Defn: See Intrench.

ENTREPOT
En`tre*pôt", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A warehouse; a magazine for depositing goods, stores, etc.; a mart or place where merchandise is deposited; as, an entrepôt for shipping goods in transit.

ENTREPRENEUR
En`tre*pre*neur", n. Etym: [F. See Enterprise.] (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: One who creates a product on his own account; whoever undertakes on his own account an industrial enterprise in which workmen are employed. F. A. Walker.

ENTRESOL
En`tre*sol", n. Etym: [F.] (Arch.)

Defn: A low story between two higher ones, usually between the ground floor and the first story; mezzanine. Parker.

ENTRICK
En*trick", v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. entriken to perplex, OF. entriquer.
Cf. Trick, Intrigue.]

Defn: To trick, to perplex. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ENTROCHAL
En"tro*chal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or consisting of, entrochites, or the joints of encrinites; — used of a kind of stone or marble.

ENTROCHITE
En"tro*chite, n. Etym: [Pref. en- + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil joint of a crinoid stem.

ENTROPION
En*tro"pi*on, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Same as Entropium.

ENTROPIUM
En*tro"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Entropy.] (Med.)

Defn: The inversion or turning in of the border of the eyelids.

ENTROPY
En"tro*py, n. Etym: [Gr. (Thermodynamics)

Defn: A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is increased by h . The entropy is regarded as measured from some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the thermodynamic function. The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum. Clausius.

ENTRUST
En*trust", v. t.

Defn: See Intrust.

ENTRY En"try, n.; pl. Entries. Etym: [OE. entree, entre, F. entrée, fr. entrer to enter. See Enter, and cf. Entrée.]

1. The act of entering or passing into or upon; entrance; ingress; hence, beginnings or first attempts; as, the entry of a person into a house or city; the entry of a river into the sea; the entry of air into the blood; an entry upon an undertaking.

2. The act of making or entering a record; a setting down in writing the particulars, as of a transaction; as, an entry of a sale; also, that which is entered; an item. A notary made an entry of this act. Bacon.

3. That by which entrance is made; a passage leading into a house or other building, or to a room; a vestibule; an adit, as of a mine. A straight, long entry to the temple led. Dryden.

4. (Com.)

Defn: The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the customhouse, to procure license to land goods; or the giving an account of a ship's cargo to the officer of the customs, and obtaining his permission to land the goods. See Enter, v. t., 8, and Entrance, n.,

5.

5. (Law) (a) The actual taking possession of lands or tenements, by entering or setting foot on them. (b) A putting upon record in proper form and order. (c) The act in addition to breaking essential to constitute the offense or burglary. Burrill. Bill of entry. See under Bill. — Double entry, Single entry. See Bookkeeping. — Entry clerk (Com.), a clerk who makes the original entries of transactions in a business. — Writ of entry (Law), a writ issued for the purpose of obtaining possession of land from one who has unlawfully entered and continues in possession. Bouvier.

ENTRYNG
En"tryng, n.

Defn: Am entrance. [Obs.]
So great an entryng and so large. Chaucer.

ENTUNE
En*tune", v. t.

Defn: To tune; to intone. Chaucer.

ENTWINE
En*twine", v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + twine. Cf. Intwine.]

Defn: To twine, twist, or wreathe together or round. [Written also
intwine.]
Entwined in duskier wreaths her braided locks. Shelley.
Thy glorious household stuff did me entwine. Herbert.

ENTWINE
En*twine", v. i.

Defn: To be twisted or twined.
With whose imperial laurels might entwine no cypress. De Quincey.

ENTWINEMENT
En*twine"ment, n.

Defn: A twining or twisting together or round; union. Bp. Hacket.

ENTWIST
En*twist", v. t.

Defn: To twist or wreathe round; to intwine. Shak.

ENUBILATE E*nu"bi*late, v. t. Etym: [L. enubilatus, p. p. of enubilare to enubilate; e out + nubila clouds, fr. nubilis cloudy, nubes cloud.]

Defn: To clear from mist, clouds, or obscurity. [R.] Bailey.

ENUBILOUS
E*nu"bi*lous, a. Etym: [See Enubilate.]

Defn: Free from fog, mist, or clouds; clear. [R.]

ENUCLEATE
E*nu"cle*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enucleated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enucleating.] Etym: [L. enucleatus, p. p. of enucleare to enucleate;
e out + nucleus kernel.]

1. To bring or peel out, as a kernel from its enveloping husks its enveloping husks or shell.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To remove without cutting (as a tumor).

3. To bring to light; to make clear. Sclater (1654).

ENUCLEATION
E*nu`cle*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. énucléation.]

Defn: The act of enucleating; elucidation; exposition. Neither sir, nor water, nor food, seem directly to contribute anything to the enucleation of this disease. Tooke.

ENUMERATE
E*nu"mer*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enumerated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enumerating.] Etym: [L. enumeratus, p. p. of enumerare to count out,
enumerate; e out + numerare to count, fr. numerus number. See
Number.]

Defn: To count; to tell by numbers; to count over, or tell off one after another; to number; to reckon up; to mention one by one; to name over; to make a special and separate account of; to recount; as, to enumerate the stars in a constellation. Enumerating the services he had done. Ludlow.

Syn. — To reckon; compute; calculate; count; estimate; relate; rehearse; recapitulate; detail.

ENUMERATION
E*nu`mer*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. enumeratio: cf. F. énumération.]

1. The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.

2. A detailed account, in which each thing is specially noticed. Because almost every man we meet possesses these, we leave them out of our enumeration. Paley.

3. (Rhet.)

Defn: A recapitulation, in the peroration, of the heads of an argument.

ENUMERATIVE
E*nu"mer*a*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. énumératif.]

Defn: Counting, or reckoning up, one by one.
Enumerative of the variety of evils. Jer. Taylor.

ENUMERATOR
E*nu"mer*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who enumerates.

ENUNCIABLE
E*nun"ci*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being enunciated or expressed.

ENUNCIATE
E*nun"ci*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enunciated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enunciating.] Etym: [L. enuntiatus, -ciatus, p. p. of enuntiare, -
ciare. See Enounce.]

1. To make a formal statement of; to announce; to proclaim; to
declare, as a truth.
The terms in which he enunciates the great doctrines of the gospel.
Coleridge.

2. To make distinctly audible; to utter articulately; to pronounce; as, to enunciate a word distinctly.

ENUNCIATE
E*nun"ci*ate, v. i.

Defn: To utter words or syllables articulately.

ENUNCIATION
E*nun`ci*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. enuntiatio, -ciatio.]

1. The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known; open attestation; declaration; as, the enunciation of an important truth. By way of interpretation and enunciation. Jer. Taylor.

2. Mode of utterance or pronunciation, especially as regards fullness and distinctness or articulation; as, to speak with a clear or impressive enunciation.

3. That which is enunciated or announced; words in which a proposition is expressed; an announcement; a formal declaration; a statement. Every intelligible enunciation must be either true or false. A. Clarke.

ENUNCIATIVE
E*nun"ci*a*tive, a. Etym: [L. enuntiativus, -ciativus.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation; declarative.
Ayliffe.
— E*nun"ci*a*tive*ly, adv.

ENUNCIATOR
E*nun"ci*a`tor, n. Etym: [L. enuntiator, enunciator.]

Defn: One who enunciates or proclaims.

ENUNCIATORY
E*nun"ci*a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, enunciation or utterance.

ENURE
En*ure", v. t.

Defn: See Inure.

ENURESIS
En`u*re"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: An involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence of urine.

ENVASSAL
En*vas"sal, v. t.

Defn: To make a vassal of. [Obs.]

ENVAULT
En*vault", v. t.

Defn: To inclose in a vault; to entomb. [R.] Swift.

ENVEIGLE
En*vei"gle, v. t.

Defn: To entice. See Inveigle.

ENVELOP
En*vel"op, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enveloped; p. pr. & vb. n.
Enveloping.] Etym: [OE. envolupen, envolipen, OF. envoluper,
envoleper, F. envelopper; pref. en- (L. in) + voluper, voleper. See
Develop.]

Defn: To put a covering about; to wrap up or in; to inclose within a case, wrapper, integument or the like; to surround entirely; as, to envelop goods or a letter; the fog envelops a ship. Nocturnal shades this world envelop. J. Philips.

ENVELOPE; ENVELOP
En"vel*ope, En*vel"op, n. Etym: [F. enveloppe.]

1. That which envelops, wraps up, encases, or surrounds; a wrapper; an inclosing cover; esp., the cover or wrapper of a document, as of a letter.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The nebulous covering of the head or nucleus of a comet; — called also coma.

3. (Fort.)

Defn: A work of earth, in the form of a single parapet or of a small rampart. It is sometimes raised in the ditch and sometimes beyond it. Wilhelm.

4. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve or surface which is tangent to each member of a system of curves or surfaces, the form and position of the members of the system being allowed to vary according to some continuous law. Thus, any curve is the envelope of its tangents. push the envelope. It is used to refer to the maximum performance available at the current state of the technology, and therefore refers to a class of machines in general, not a specific machine. push the envelope Increase the capability of some type of machine or system; — usu. by technological development.

ENVELOPMENT
En*vel"op*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. enveloppement.]

1. The act of enveloping or wrapping; an inclosing or covering on all sides.

2. That which envelops or surrounds; an envelop.

ENVENIME
En*ven"ime, v. t.

Defn: To envenom. [Obs.]

ENVENOM
En*ven"om, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envenomed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Envenoming.] Etym: [OE. envenimen, F. envenimer; pref. en- (L. in) +
F. venin poison. See Venom.]

1. To taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to life; to poison; to render dangerous or deadly by poison, as food, drink, a weapon; as, envenomed meat, wine, or arrow; also, to poison (a person) by impregnating with venom. Alcides . . . felt the envenomed robe. Milton. O, what a world is this, when what is comely Envenoms him that bears it! Shak.

2. To taint or impregnate with bitterness, malice, or hatred; to imbue as with venom; to imbitter. The envenomed tongue of calumny. Smollett. On the question of slavery opinion has of late years been peculiarly envenomed. Sir G. C. Lewis.

ENVERMEIL
En*ver"meil, v. t. Etym: [Pref. en- + vermeil: cf. OF. envermeiller.
See Vermil.]

Defn: To color with, or as with, vermilion; to dye red. [Obs.]
Milton.

ENVIABLE
En"vi*a*ble, a. Etym: [From Envy.]

Defn: Fitted to excite envy; capable of awakening an ardent desire to
posses or to resemble.
One of most enviable of human beings. Macaulay.
— En"vi*a*ble*ness, n.
— En"vi*a*bly, adv.

ENVIE
En*vie", v. i. Etym: [See Vie.]

Defn: To vie; to emulate; to strive. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENVIER
En"vi*er, n.

Defn: One who envies; one who desires inordinately what another possesses.

ENVIGOR
En*vig"or, v. t.

Defn: To invigorate. [Obs.]

ENVIOUS En"vi*ous, a. Etym: [OF. envios, F. envieux, fr. L. invidiosus, fr. invidia envy. See Envy, and cf. Invidious.]

1. Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. [Obs.] Each envious brier his weary legs doth scratch. Shak.

2. Feeling or exhibiting envy; actuated or directed by, or proceeding from, envy; — said of a person, disposition, feeling, act, etc.; jealously pained by the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging; — followed by of, at, and against; as, an envious man, disposition, attack; envious tongues. My soul is envious of mine eye. Keble. Neither be thou envious at the wicked. Prov. xxiv. 19.

3. Inspiring envy. [Obs. or Poetic] He to him leapt, and that same envious gage Of victor's glory from him snatched away. Spenser.

4. Excessively careful; cautious. [Obs.]
No men are so envious of their health. Jer. Taylor.
— En"vi*ous*ly, adv.
— En"vi*ous*ness, n.

ENVIRON En*vi"ron, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Environed; p. pr. & vb. n. Environing.] Etym: [F. environner, fr. environ about, thereabout; pref. en- (L. in) + OF. viron circle, circuit, fr. OF. & F. virer to turn, LL. virare to turn up and down, topsy-turvy. Cf. Veer.]

Defn: To surround; to encompass; to encircle; to hem in; to be round
about; to involve or envelop.
Dwelling in a pleasant glade, With mountains round about environed.
Spenser.
Environed he was with many foes. Shak.
Environ me with darkness whilst I write. Donne.

ENVIRON
En*vi"ron, adv. Etym: [F.]

Defn: About; around. [Obs.]
Lord Godfrey's eye three times environ goes. Fairfax.

ENVIRONMENT
En*vi"ron*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. environnement.]

1. Act of environing; state of being environed.

2. That which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions, influences, or forces, by which living forms are influenced and modified in their growth and development. It is no friendly environment, this of thine. Carlyle.

ENVIRONS
En*vi"rons, n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The parts or places which surround another place, or lie in its neighborhood; suburbs; as, the environs of a city or town. Chesterfield.

ENVISAGE En*vis"age (; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envisaged (; 48); p. pr. & vb. n. Envisaging.] Etym: [F. envisager; pref. en- (L. in) + visage face, visage. See Visage.]

Defn: To look in the face of; to apprehend; to regard. [R.] Keats. From the very dawn of existence the infant must envisage self, and body acting on self. McCosh.

ENVISAGEMENT
En*vis"age*ment, n.

Defn: The act of envisaging.

ENVOLUME
En*vol"ume, v. t.

Defn: To form into, or incorporate with, a volume. [R.]

ENVOLUP
En*vol"up, v. t. Etym: [See Envelop.]

Defn: To wrap up; to envelop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENVOY
En"voy, n. Etym: [F. envoyé envoy, fr. envoyer to send; pref. en- (L.
in) + voie way, L. via: cf. F. envoi an envoy (in sense 2). See
Voyage, and cf. Invoice.]

1. One dispatched upon an errand or mission; a messenger; esp., a person deputed by a sovereign or a government to negotiate a treaty, or transact other business, with a foreign sovereign or government; a minister accredited to a foreign government. An envoy's rank is below that of an ambassador.

2. Etym: [F. envoi, fr. envoyer to send.]

Defn: An explanatory or commendatory postscript to a poem, essay, or book; — also in the French from, l'envoi. The envoy of a ballad is the "sending" of it forth. Skeat.

ENVOYSHIP
En"voy*ship, n.

Defn: The office or position of an envoy.

ENVY En"vy, n.; pl. Envies. Etym: [F. envie, L. invidia envious; akin to invidere to look askance at, to look with enmity; in against + videre to see. See Vision.]

1. Malice; ill will; spite. [Obs.] If he evade us there, Enforce him with his envy to the people. Shak.

2. Chagrin, mortification, discontent, or uneasiness at the sight of another's excellence or good fortune, accompanied with some degree of hatred and a desire to possess equal advantages; malicious grudging; — usually followed by of; as, they did this in envy of Cæsar. Envy is a repining at the prosperity or good of another, or anger and displeasure at any good of another which we want, or any advantage another hath above us. Ray. No bliss Enjoyed by us excites his envy more. Milton. Envy, to which the ignoble mind's a slave, Is emulation in the learned or brave. Pope.

3. Emulation; rivalry. [Obs.] Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a virtuous envy. Ford.

4. Public odium; ill repute. [Obs.] To lay the envy of the war upon Cicero. B. Jonson.

5. An object of envious notice or feeling. This constitution in former days used to be the envy of the world. Macaulay.

ENVY
En"vy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Envied; p. pr. & vb. n. Envying.] Etym:
[F. envier.]

1. To feel envy at or towards; to be envious of; to have a feeling of uneasiness or mortification in regard to (any one), arising from the sight of another's excellence or good fortune and a longing to possess it. A woman does not envy a man for his fighting courage, nor a man a woman for her beauty. Collier. Whoever envies another confesses his superiority. Rambler.

2. To feel envy on account of; to have a feeling of grief or repining, with a longing to possess (some excellence or good fortune of another, or an equal good fortune, etc.); to look with grudging upon; to begrudge. I have seen thee fight, When I have envied thy behavior. Shak. Jeffrey . . . had actually envied his friends their cool mountain breezes. Froude.

3. To long after; to desire strongly; to covet. Or climb his knee the envied kiss to share. T. Gray.

4. To do harm to; to injure; to disparage. [Obs.] If I make a lie To gain your love and envy my best mistress, Put me against a wall. J. Fletcher.

5. To hate. [Obs.] Marlowe.

6. To emulate. [Obs.] Spenser.

ENVY
En"vy, v. i.

1. To be filled with envious feelings; to regard anything with grudging and longing eyes; — used especially with at. Who would envy at the prosperity of the wicked Jer. Taylor.

2. To show malice or ill will; to rail. [Obs.] "He has . . . envied against the people." Shak.

ENVYNED En*vyned", a. Etym: [OF. enviner to store with wine; pref. en- (L. in) + vin wine. See Vine.]

Defn: Stored or furnished with wine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ENWALL
En*wall", v. t.

Defn: See Inwall. Sir P. Sidney.

ENWALLOW
En*wal"low, v. t.

Defn: To plunge into, or roll in, flith; to wallow. So now all three one senseless lump remain, Enwallowed in his own black bloody gore. Spenser.

ENWHEEL
En*wheel", v. t.

Defn: To encircle. Shak.

ENWIDEN
En*wid"en, v. t.

Defn: To widen. [Obs.]

ENWIND
En*wind", v. t.

Defn: To wind about; to encircle.
In the circle of his arms Enwound us both. Tennyson.

ENWOMAN
En*wom"an, v. t.

Defn: To endow with the qualities of a woman. [R.] Daniel.

ENWOMB
En*womb", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Enwombed; p. pr. & vb. n. Enwombing.]

1. To conceive in the womb. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To bury, as it were in a womb; to hide, as in a gulf, pit, or cavern. Donne.

ENWRAP
En*wrap", v. t.

Defn: To envelop. See Inwrap.

ENWRAPMENT
En*wrap"ment, n.

Defn: Act of enwrapping; a wrapping or an envelope. Shuckford.

ENWREATHE
En*wreathe", v. t.

Defn: See Inwreathe. Shelton.

ENZOOTIC; ENZOOETIC
En`zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. enzoötique.]

Defn: Afflicting animals; — used of a disease affecting the animals of a district. It corresponds to an endemic disease among men.

ENZYME
En"zyme, n. Etym: [Pref. en- (Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: An unorganized or unformed ferment, in distinction from an organized or living ferment; a soluble, or chemical, ferment. Ptyalin, pepsin, diastase, and rennet are good examples of enzymes.

EOCENE
E"o*cene, a. Etym: [Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the first in time of the three subdivisions into which the Tertiary formation is divided by geologists, and alluding to the approximation in its life to that of the present era; as, Eocene deposits. — n.

Defn: The Eocene formation. Lyell.

EOLIAN
E*o"li*an, a. Etym: [See Æolian.]

1. Æolian.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed, or deposited, by the action of wind, as dunes. Eolian attachment, Eolian harp. See Æolian.

EOLIC
E*ol"ic, a. & n.

Defn: See Æolic.

EOLIPILE
E*ol"i*pile, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éolipyle.]

Defn: Same as Æolipile.

EOLIS
E"o*lis, n. Etym: [L. Aeolis a daughter of Æolus, Gr. A'ioli`s.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of nudibranch mollusks having clusters of branchial papillæ along the back. See Ceratobranchia. [Written also Æolis.]

EON; AEON E"on, Æ"on, n. Etym: [L. aeon, fr. Gr. a'iwn space or period of time, lifetime, age; akin to L. aevum. See Age.]

1. An immeasurable or infinite space of time; eternity; a long space of time; an age. The eons of geological time. Huxley.

2. (Gnostic Philos.)

Defn: One of the embodiments of the divine attributes of the Eternal
Being.
Among the higher Æons are Mind, Reason, Power, Truth, and Life. Am.
Cyc.

Note: Eons were considered to be emanations sent forth by God from the depths of His grand solitude to fulfill various functions in the material and spiritual universe.

EOPHYTE
E"o*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil plant which is found in the lowest beds of the
Silurian age.

EOPHYTIC
E`o*phyt"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eophytes.

EOS
E"os, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. 'Hw`s.] (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: Aurora, the goddess of morn.

EOSAURUS
E`o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + say^ros lizard.]
(Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct marine reptile from the coal measures of Nova Scotia; — so named because supposed to be of the earliest known reptiles.

EOSIN
E"o*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or brownish red dyestuff obtained by the action of bromine on fluoresceïn, and named from the fine rose-red which it imparts to silk. It is also used for making a fine red ink. Its solution is fluorescent.

EOSPHORITE
E*os"pho*rite, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous phosphate of alumina and manganese. It is generally of a rose-pink color, — whence the name.

EOZOIC
E`o*zo"ic, a. Etym: [See Eozoön.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to rocks or strata older than the Paleozoic, in many of which the eozoön has been found.

Note: This term has been proposed for the strata formerly called Azoic, and is preferred especially by those geologists who regard the eozoön as of organic origin. See Archæan.

EOZOON; EOZOOEN E`o*zo"ön, n.; pl. Eozoöns, L. Eozoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. 'hw`s dawn + zw^,on an animal.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A peculiar structure found in the Archæan limestones of Canada and other regions. By some geologists it is believed to be a species of gigantic Foraminifera, but others consider it a concretion, without organic structure.

EOZOONAL; EOZOOENAL
E`o*zo"ön*al, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Pertaining to the eozoön; containing eozoöns; as, eozoönal limestone.

EP-
Ep-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: See Epi-.

EPACRIS
Ep"a*cris, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs, natives of Australia, New Zealand, etc., having pretty white, red, or purple blossoms, and much resembling heaths.

EPACT
E"pact, n. Etym: [F. épacte, fr. Gr. Epi-, and Act.] (Chron.)

Defn: The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year, or the number of days by which the last new moon has preceded the beginning of the year. Annual epact, the excess of the solar year over the lunar year, — being eleven days. — Menstrual epact, or Monthly epact, the excess of a calendar month over a lunar.

EPAGOGE
Ep`a*go"ge, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. Epact.] (Logic)

Defn: The adducing of particular examples so as to lead to a universal conclusion; the argument by induction.

EPAGOGIC
Ep`a*gog"ic, a.

Defn: Inductive. Latham.

EPALATE
E*pal"ate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + palpus.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Without palpi.

EPANADIPLOSIS
Ep*an`a*di*plo"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the same word is used both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence; as, "Rejoice in the Lord always: and again I say, Rejoice." Phil. iv. 4.

EPANALEPSIS
Ep*an`a*lep"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which the same word or clause is repeated after intervening matter. Gibbs.

EPANAPHORA
Ep`a*naph"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Same as Anaphora. Gibbs.

EPANASTROPHE
Ep`a*nas"tro*phe, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: Same as Anadiplosis. Gibbs.

EPANODOS
E*pan"o*dos, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the parts of a sentence or clause are repeated in inverse order, as in the following: — O more exceeding love, or law more just Just law, indeed, but more exceeding love! Milton.

EPANODY
E*pan"o*dy, n. Etym: [See Epanodos.] (Bot.)

Defn: The abnormal change of an irregular flower to a regular form; - - considered by evolutionists to be a reversion to an ancestral condition.

EPANORTHOSIS
Ep`an*or*tho"sis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A figure by which a speaker recalls a word or words, in order to substitute something else stronger or more significant; as, Most brave! Brave, did I say most heroic act!

EPANTHOUS
Ep*an"thous, a. Etym: [Pref. ep- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing upon flowers; — said of certain species of fungi.

EPARCH
Ep"arch, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In ancient Greece, the governor or perfect of a province; in modern Greece, the ruler of an eparchy.

EPARCHY
Ep"arch*y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A province, prefecture, or territory, under the jurisdiction of an eparch or governor; esp., in modern Greece, one of the larger subdivisions of a monarchy or province of the kingdom; in Russia, a diocese or archdiocese.

EPARTERIAL
Ep`ar*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ep- + arterial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated upon or above an artery; — applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off above the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

EPAULE
E*paule", n. Etym: [F. épaule shoulder, shoulder of a bastion. See
Epaulet, and cf. Spall the shoulder.] (Fort.)

Defn: The shoulder of a bastion, or the place where its face and flank meet and form the angle, called the angle of the shoulder.

EPAULEMENT
E*paule"ment, n. Etym: [F. épaulement.] (Fort.)

Defn: A side work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled with earth, or of earth heaped up, to afford cover from the flanking fire of an enemy.

EPAULET; EPAULETTE Ep"au*let`, Ep"au*lette`, n. Etym: [F. épaulette, dim. of épaule shoulder, fr. L. spatula a broad piece (LL., shoulder), dim. of spatha abroad, flat instrument, fr. Gr. Spade the instrument, and cf. Epaule, Spatula.] (Mil.)

Defn: A shoulder ornament or badge worn by military and naval officers, differences of rank being marked by some peculiar form or device, as a star, eagle, etc.; a shoulder knot.

Note: In the United States service the epaulet is reserved for full dress uniform. Its use was abolished in the British army in 1855.

EPAULETED; EPAULETTED
Ep"au*let`ed, Ep"au*let`ted, a.

Defn: Wearing epaulets; decorated with epaulets.

EPAXIAL
Ep*ax"i*al, a. Etym: [Pref. ep- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Above, or on the dorsal side of, the axis of the skeleton; episkeletal.

EPEIRA
E*pei"ra, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of spiders, including the common garden spider (E. diadema). They spin geometrical webs. See Garden spider.

EPEN
Ep"en, n. (Anat.)

Defn: See Epencephalon.

EPENCEPHALIC Ep`en*ce*phal"ic, a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to the epencephalon. (b) Situated on or over the brain.

EPENCEPHALON
Ep`en*ceph"a*lon, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The segment of the brain next behind the midbrain, including the cerebellum and pons; the hindbrain. Sometimes abbreviated to epen.

EPENDYMA
Ep*en"dy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The epithelial lining of the ventricles of the brain and the canal of the spinal cord; endyma; ependymis.

EPENDYMIS
Ep*en"dy*mis, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Ependyma.

EPENETIC
Ep`e*net"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Bestowing praise; eulogistic; laudatory. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

EPENTHESIS
E*pen"the*sis, n.; pl. Epentheses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: The insertion of a letter or a sound in the body of a word; as, the b in "nimble" from AS. nemol.

EPENTHETIC
Ep`en*thet"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. épenthétique.] (Gram.)

Defn: Inserted in the body of a word; as, an epenthetic letter or sound.

EPERGNE
É`pergne", n. Etym: [F. épargne a sparing or saving; a treasury. "Our
épergne is a little treasury of sweetmeats, fruits, and flowers."
Brewer.]

Defn: A centerpiece for table decoration, usually consisting of several dishes or receptacles of different sizes grouped together in an ornamental design.

EPERLAN
É`per`lan", n. Etym: [F. éperlan, fr. G. spierling. See Sparling.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: The European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus).

EPEXEGESIS
Ep*ex`e*ge"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Exegesis.]

Defn: A full or additional explanation; exegesis.

EPEXEGETICAL
Ep*ex`e*get"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to epexegesis; explanatory; exegetical.

EPHAH; EPHA
E"phah, or E"pha, n. Etym: [Heb.

Defn: A Hebrew dry measure, supposed to be equal to two pecks and five quarts. ten ephahs make one homer.

EPHEMERA
E*phem"e*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: A fever of one day's continuance only.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of insects including the day flies, or ephemeral flies.
See Ephemeral fly, under Ephemeral.

EPHEMERAL
E*phem"er*al, a.

1. Beginning and ending in a day; existing only, or no longer than, a day; diurnal; as, an ephemeral flower.

2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only. "Ephemeral popularity." V. Knox. Sentences not of ephemeral, but of eternal, efficacy. Sir J. Stephen. Ephemeral fly (Zoöl.), one of a group of neuropterous insects, belonging to the genus Ephemera and many allied genera, which live in the adult or winged state only for a short time. The larvæ are aquatic; — called also day fly and May fly.

EPHEMERAL
E*phem"er*al, n.

Defn: Anything lasting but a day, or a brief time; an ephemeral plant, insect, etc.

EPHEMERAN
E*phem"er*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ephemeral flies.

EPHEMERIC
E*phem"e*ric, a.

Defn: Ephemeral.

EPHEMERIS
E*phem"e*ris, n.; pl. Ephemerides. Etym: [L., a diary, Gr. Ephemera.]

1. A diary; a journal. Johnson.

2. (Anat.) (a) A publication giving the computed places of the heavenly bodies for each day of the year, with other numerical data, for the use of the astronomer and navigator; an astronomical almanac; as, the "American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac." (b) Any tabular statement of the assigned places of a heavenly body, as a planet or comet, on several successive days.

3. (Literature)

Defn: A collective name for reviews, magazines, and all kinds of periodical literature. Brande & C.

EPHEMERIST
E*phem"er*ist, n.

1. One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets. Howell.

2. One who keeps an ephemeris; a journalist.

EPHEMERON
E*phem"e*ron, n.; pl. Ephemera. Etym: [NL. See Ephemera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the ephemeral flies.

EPHEMEROUS
E*phem"er*ous, a.

Defn: Ephemeral. [R.] Burke.

EPHESIAN
E*phe"sian, a. Etym: [L. Ephesius: cf. F. éphésien.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ephesus, an ancient city of Ionia, in Asia
Minor.

EPHESIAN
E*phe"sian, n.

1. A native of Ephesus.

2. A jolly companion; a roisterer. [Obs.] Shak.

EPHIALTES
Eph`i*al"tes, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The nightmare. Brande & C.

EPHIPPIAL
E*phip"pi*al, a.

Defn: Saddle-shaped; occupying an ephippium. Dana.

EPHIPPIUM
E*phip"pi*um, n. Etym: [L., saddle cloth, fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A depression in the sphenoid bone; the pituitary fossa.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A saddle-shaped cavity to contain the winter eggs, situated on the back of Cladocera.

EPHOD
Eph"od, n. Etym: [Heb. aphad to put on.] (Jew. Antiq.)

Defn: A part of the sacerdotal habit among Jews, being a covering for the back and breast, held together on the shoulders by two clasps or brooches of onyx stones set in gold, and fastened by a girdle of the same stuff as the ephod. The ephod for the priests was of plain linen; that for the high priest was richly embroidered in colors. The breastplate of the high priest was worn upon the ephod in front. Exodus xxviii. 6-12.

EPHOR
Eph"or, n.; pl. Ephors, L. Ephori. Etym: [L. ephorus, Gr. éphore.]
(Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A magistrate; one of a body of five magistrates chosen by the people of ancient Sparta. They exercised control even over the king.

EPHORAL
Eph"or*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an ephor.

EPHORALTY
Eph"or*al*ty, n.

Defn: The office of an ephor, or the body of ephors.

EPHRAIM
E"phra*im, n. Etym: [The proper name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hunter's name for the grizzly bear.

EPHYRA
Eph"y*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stage in the development of discophorous medusæ, when they first begin to swim about after being detached from the strobila. See Strobila.

EPI- Ep"i-. Etym: [Gr. api besides, and prob. to L. ob to, before, on account of, and perh. to E. of, off.]

Defn: A prefix, meaning upon, beside, among, on the outside, above, over. It becomes ep- before a vowel, as in epoch, and eph- before a Greek aspirate, as in ephemeral.

EPIBLAST
Ep"i*blast, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm. See
Blastoderm, Delamination.

EPIBLASTIC
Ep`i*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or relating to, or consisting of, the epiblast.

EPIBLEMA
Ep`i*ble"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The epidermal cells of rootlets, specially adapted to absorb liquids. Goodale.

EPIBOLIC
Ep`i*bol"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Growing or covering over; — said of a kind of invagination.
See under Invagination.

EPIBOLY
E*pib"o*ly, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Epibolic invagination. See under Invagination.

EPIBRANCHIAL
Ep`i*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the segment between the ceratobranchial and pharyngobranchial in a branchial arch. — n.

Defn: An epibranchial cartilage or bone.

EPIC
Ep"ic, a. Etym: [L. epicus, Gr. vox voice: cf. F. épique. See Voice.]

Defn: Narrated in a grand style; pertaining to or designating a kind of narrative poem, usually called an heroic poem, in which real or fictitious events, usually the achievements of some hero, are narrated in an elevated style. The epic poem treats of one great, complex action, in a grand style and with fullness of detail. T. Arnold.

EPIC
Ep"ic, n.

Defn: An epic or heroic poem. See Epic, a.

EPICAL
Ep"ic*al (, a.

Defn: Epic.
— Ep"ic*al*ly, adv.
Poems which have an epical character. Brande & C.
His [Wordsworth's] longer poems (miscalled epical). Lowell.

EPICARDIAC
Ep`i*car"di*ac, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or relating to the epicardium.

EPICARDIUM
Ep`i*car"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: That of the pericardium which forms the outer surface of the heart; the cardiac pericardium.

EPICARICAN
Ep`i*car"i*can, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An isopod crustacean, parasitic on shrimps.

EPICARP
Ep"i*carp, Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The external or outermost layer of a fructified or ripened ovary. See Illust. under Endocarp.

EPICEDE
Ep"i*cede, n. Etym: [L. epicedion, Gr. épicède.]

Defn: A funeral song or discourse; an elegy. [R.] Donne.

EPICEDIAL
Ep`i*ce"di*al, a.

Defn: Elegiac; funereal.

EPICEDIAN
Ep`i*ce"di*an, a.

Defn: Epicedial.
— n.

Defn: An epicede.

EPICEDIUM
Ep`i*ce"di*um, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: An epicede.

EPICENE
Ep"i*cene, a. & n. Etym: [L. epicoenus, Gr. épicène.]

1. Common to both sexes; — a term applied, in grammar, to such nouns as have but one form of gender, either the masculine or feminine, to indicate animals of both sexes; as bos, for the ox and cow; sometimes applied to eunuchs and hermaphrodites.

2. Fig.: Sexless; neither one thing nor the other.
The literary prigs epicene. Prof. Wilson.
He represented an epicene species, neither churchman nor layman. J.
A. Symonds.

EPICENTRAL
Ep`i*cen"tral, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + centrum.] (Anat.)

Defn: Arising from the centrum of a vertebra. Owen.

EPICERASTIC
Ep`i*ce*ras"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. épicérastique.] (Med.)

Defn: Lenient; assuaging. [Obs.]

EPICHIREMA
Ep`i*chi*re"ma, n.; pl. Epichiremata. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet. &
Logic)

Defn: A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise, or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner. [Written also epicheirema.]

EPICHORDAL
Ep`i*chor"dal, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + chordal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Upon or above the notochord; — applied esp. to a vertebral column which develops upon the dorsal side of the notochord, as distinguished from a perichordal column, which develops around it.

EPICHORIAL
Ep`i*cho"ri*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: In or of the country. [R.]
Epichorial superstitions from every district of Europe. De Quincey.

EPICLEIDIUM
Ep`i*clei"di*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A projection, formed by a separate ossification, at the scapular end of the clavicle of many birds.

EPICLINAL
Ep`i*cli"nal, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated on the receptacle or disk of a flower.

EPICOELE; EPICELE
Ep"i*coele, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A cavity formed by the invagination of the outer wall of the body, as the atrium of an amphioxus and possibly the body cavity of vertebrates.

EPICOENE
Ep"i*coene, a.

Defn: Epicene. [R.] Hadley.

EPICOLIC
Ep`i*col"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated upon or over the colon; — applied to the region of the abdomen adjacent to the colon.

EPICONDYLAR
Ep`i*con"dy*lar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an epicondyle.

EPICONDYLE
Ep`i*con"dyle, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + condyle.] (Anat.)

Defn: A projection on the inner side of the distal end of the numerus; the internal condyle.

EPICORACOID
Ep`i*cor"a*coid, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + coracoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: A ventral cartilaginous or bony element of the coracoid in the shoulder girdle of some vertebrates.

EPICRANIAL
Ep`i*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epicranium; as epicranial muscles.

EPICRANIUM
Ep`i*cra"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Epi-, and Cranium.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper and superficial part of the head, including the scalp, muscles, etc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dorsal wall of the head of insects.

EPICTETAIN; EPICTETIAN
Ep`ic*te"tain, Ep`ic*te"tian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Epictetus, the Roman Stoic philosopher, whose conception of life was to be passionless under whatever circumstances.

EPICURE
Ep"i*cure, n. Etym: [L. Epicurus, Gr.

1. A follower of Epicurus; an Epicurean. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. One devoted to dainty or luxurious sensual enjoyments, esp. to the luxuries of the table.

Syn.
— Voluptuary; sensualist.

EPICUREAN
Ep`i*cu*re"an, a. Etym: [L. Epicureus, Gr. épicurien.]

1. Pertaining to Epicurus, or following his philosophy. "The sect Epicurean." Milton.

2. Given to luxury; adapted to luxurious tastes; luxurious; pertaining to good eating. Courses of the most refined and epicurean dishes. Prescott. Epicurean philosophy. See Atomic philosophy, under Atomic.

EPICUREAN
Ep`i*cu*re"an, n.

1. A follower or Epicurus.

2. One given to epicurean indulgence.

EPICUREANISM
Ep`i*cu*re"an*ism, n.

Defn: Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus; the principles or belief of Epicurus.

EPICURELY
Ep"i*cure`ly, adv.

Defn: Luxuriously. Nash.

EPICUREOUS
Ep`i*cu*re"ous, a.

Defn: Epicurean. [Obs.]

EPICURISM
Ep"i*cu*rism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. épicurisme.]

1. The doctrines of Epicurus.

2. Epicurean habits of living; luxury.

EPICURIZE
Ep"i*cu*rize, v. i.

1. To profess or tend towards the doctrines of Epicurus. Cudworth.

2. To feed or indulge like an epicure. Fuller.

EPICYCLE
Ep"i*cy`cle, n. Etym: [L. epicyclus, Gr. Cycle.]

1. (Ptolemaic Astron.)

Defn: A circle, whose center moves round in the circumference of a greater circle; or a small circle, whose center, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is carried along with the deferent, and yet, by its own peculiar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it round its proper center. The schoolmen were like astronomers which did feign eccentries, and epicycles, and such engines of orbs. Bacon.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A circle which rolls on the circumference of another circle, either externally or internally.

EPICYCLIC
Ep`i*cyc"lic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, resembling, or having the motion of, an epicycle. Epicyclic train (Mach.), a train of mechanism in which epicyclic motion is involved; esp., a train of spur wheels, bevel wheels, or belt pulleys, in which an arm, carrying one or more of the wheels, sweeps around a center lying in an axis common to the other wheels.

EPICYCLOID
Ep`i*cy"cloid, n. Etym: [Epicycle + -oid: cf. F. épicycloïde.]
(Geom.)

Defn: A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the convex side of a fixed circle.

Note: Any point rigidly connected with the rolling circle, but not in its circumference, traces a curve called an epitrochoid. The curve traced by a point in the circumference of the rolling circle when it rolls on the concave side of a fixed circle is called a hypocycloid; the curve traced by a point rigidly connected with the rolling circle in this case, but not its circumference, is called a hypotrochoid. All the curves mentioned above belong to the class class called roulettes or trochoids. See Trochoid.

EPICYCLOIDAL
Ep`i*cy*cloid"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the epicycloid, or having its properties. Epicycloidal wheel, a device for producing straight-line motion from circular motion, on the principle that a pin fastened in the periphery of a gear wheel will describe a straight line when the wheel rolls around inside a fixed internal gear of twice its diameter.

EPIDEICTIC
Ep`i*deic"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Epidictic.]

Defn: Serving to show forth, explain, or exhibit; — applied by the Greeks to a kind of oratory, which, by full amplification, seeks to persuade.

EPIDEMIC; EPIDEMICAL
Ep`i*dem"ic, Ep`i*dem"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. epidemus, Gr. épidémique.
Cf. Demagogue.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: Common to, or affecting at the same time, a large number in a community; — applied to a disease which, spreading widely, attacks many persons at the same time; as, an epidemic disease; an epidemic catarrh, fever, etc. See Endemic.

2. Spreading widely, or generally prevailing; affecting great numbers, as an epidemic does; as, epidemic rage; an epidemic evil. It was the epidemical sin of the nation. Bp. Burnet.

EPIDEMIC
Ep`i*dem"ic, n. Etym: [Cf. Epidemy.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An epidemic disease.

2. Anything which takes possession of the minds of people as an epidemic does of their bodies; as, an epidemic of terror.

EPIDEMICALLY
Ep`i*dem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an epidemic manner.

EPIDEMIOGRAPHY
Ep`i*de`mi*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Epidemy + -graphy.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise upon, or history of, epidemic diseases.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
Ep`i*de`mi*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Connected with, or pertaining to, epidemiology.

EPIDEMIOLOGIST
Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A person skilled in epidemiology.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Ep`i*de`mi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Epidemy + -logy.] (Med.)

Defn: That branch of science which treats of epidemics.

EPIDEMY
Ep"i*dem`y, n. Etym: [Gr. épidémie. See Epidemic.] (Med.)

Defn: An epidemic disease. Dunglison.

EPIDERM
Ep"i*derm, n. Etym: [Cf. F. épiderme. See Epidermis.] (Anat.)

Defn: The epidermis.

EPIDERMAL
Ep`i*der"mal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the epidermis; epidermic; cuticular.

EPIDERMATIC
Ep`i*der*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMATOID
Ep`i*der"ma*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid. Cf. Epidermoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Epidermoid. Owen.

EPIDERMEOUS
Ep`i*der"me*ous, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMIC
Ep`i*der"mic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épidermique.]

Defn: Epidermal; connected with the skin or the bark. Epidermic administration of medicine (Med.), the application of medicine to the skin by friction.

EPIDERMICAL
Ep`i*der"mic*al, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMIDAL
Ep`i*der"mi*dal, a.

Defn: Epidermal. [R.]

EPIDERMIS
Ep`i*der"mis, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Tear, v. t.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The outer, nonsensitive layer of the skin; cuticle; scarfskin.
See Dermis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outermost layer of the cells, which covers both surfaces of leaves, and also the surface of stems, when they are first formed. As stems grow old this layer is lost, and never replaced.

EPIDERMOID
Ep`i*der"moid, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épidermoïde.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like epidermis; pertaining to the epidermis.

EPIDERMOSE
Ep`i*der"mose, n. Etym: [See Epidermis.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Keratin.

EPIDICTIC; EPIDICTICAL
Ep`i*dic"tic, Ep`i*dic"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. epidictius. See
Epideictic.]

Defn: Serving to explain; demonstrative.

EPIDIDYMIS
Ep`i*did"y*mis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An oblong vermiform mass on the dorsal side of the testicle,
composed of numerous convolutions of the excretory duct of that
organ.
— Ep`i*did"y*mal, a.

EPIDIDYMITIS
Ep`i*did`y*mi"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Epididymis, and -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of the epididymis, one of the common results of gonorrhea.

EPIDOTE Ep"i*dote, n. Etym: [Gr. épidote. So named from the enlargement of the base of the primary, in some of the secondary forms.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, commonly of a yellowish green (pistachio) color, occurring granular, massive, columnar, and in monoclinic crystals. It is a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or manganese.

Note: The Epidote group includes ordinary epidote, zoisite or lime epidote, piedmontite or manganese epidote, allanite or serium epidote.

EPIDOTIC
Ep`i*dot"ic,, a.

Defn: Related to, resembling, or containing epidote; as, an epidotic granite.

EPIGAEA
Ep`i*gæ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: An American genus of plants, containing but a single species
(E. repens), the trailing arbutus.

EPIGAEOUS
Ep`i*gæ"ous, a. Etym: [Gr. Epigæa, and cf. Epigee.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on, or close to, the ground.

EPIGASTRIAL
Ep`i*gas"tri*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Epigastric.

EPIGASTRIC
Ep`i*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Gr. épigastrique.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epigastrium, or to the epigastric region.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Over the stomach; — applied to two of the areas of the carapace of crabs. Epigastric region. (Anat.) (a) The whole upper part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen above the umbilical and between the two hypochondriac regions.

EPIGASTRIUM
Ep`i*gas"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper part of the abdomen.

EPIGEAL
Ep`i*ge"al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Epigæous. [R.]

EPIGEE
Ep"i*gee, n. Etym: [NL. epigeum, fr. Gr. Epigæa.]

Defn: See Perigee. [Obs.]

EPIGENE
Ep"i*gene, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr.

1. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Foreign; unnatural; unusual; — said of forms of crystals not natural to the substances in which they are found.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Formed originating on the surface of the earth; — opposed to hypogene; as, epigene rocks.

EPIGENESIS
Ep`i*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The theory of generation which holds that the germ is created entirely new, not merely expanded, by the procreative power of the parents. It is opposed to the theory of evolution, also to syngenesis.

EPIGENESIST
Ep`i*gen"e*sist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: One who believes in, or advocates the theory of, epigenesis.

EPIGENETIC
Ep`i*ge*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the epigenesis; produced according to the theory of epigenesis.

EPIGEOUS
Ep`i*ge"ous, a.

Defn: Same as Epigæous.

EPIGEUM
Ep*i*ge"um, n. Etym: [NL. See Epigee.]

Defn: See Perigee. [Obs.]

EPIGLOTTIC
Ep`i*glot"tic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or connected with, the epiglottis.

EPIGLOTTIDEAN
Ep`i*glot*tid"e*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Same as Epiglottic.

EPIGLOTTIS
Ep`i*glot"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Glottis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cartilaginous lidlike appendage which closes the glottis while food or drink is passing while food or drink is passing through the pharynx.

EPIGNATHOUS
E*pig"na*thous, a. Etym: [Epi- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Hook-billed; having the upper mandible longer than the lower.

EPIGRAM
Ep"i*gram, n. Etym: [L. epigramma, fr. Gr. épigramme. See Graphic.]

1. A short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single thought or event. The modern epigram is so contrived as to surprise the reader with a witticism or ingenious turn of thought, and is often satirical in character. Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram Shak.

Note: Epigrams were originally inscription on tombs, statues, temples, triumphal arches, etc.

2. An effusion of wit; a bright thought tersely and sharply expressed, whether in verse or prose.

3. The style of the epigram. Antithesis, i. e., bilateral stroke, is the soul of epigram in its later and technical signification. B. Cracroft.

EPIGRAMMATIC; EPIGRAMMATICAL
Ep`i*gram*mat"ic, Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al,Etym: [L. epigrammaticus: cf.
F. épigrammatique.]

1. Writing epigrams; dealing in epigrams; as, an epigrammatical poet.

2. Suitable to epigrams; belonging to epigrams; like an epigram; pointed; piquant; as, epigrammatic style, wit, or sallies of fancy.

EPIGRAMMATICALLY
Ep`i*gram*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the way of epigram; in an epigrammatic style.

EPIGRAMMATIST Ep`i*gram"ma*tist, n. Etym: [L. epigrammatista: cf. F. épigrammatiste.]

Defn: One who composes epigrams, or makes use of them.
The brisk epigrammatist showing off his own cleverness. Holmes.

EPIGRAMMATIZE Ep`i*gram"ma*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epigrammatized; p. pr. & vb. n. Epigrammatizing.]

Defn: To represent by epigrams; to express by epigrams.

EPIGRAMMATIZER
Ep`i*gram"ma*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who writes in an affectedly pointed style.
Epigrammatizers of our English prose style. Coleridge.

EPIGRAMMIST
Ep"i*gram`mist, n.

Defn: An epigrammatist. Jer. Taylor.

EPIGRAPH
Ep"i*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. épigraphe. See Epigram.]

1. Any inscription set upon a building; especially, one which has to do with the building itself, its founding or dedication.

2. (Literature)

Defn: A citation from some author, or a sentence framed for the purpose, placed at the beginning of a work or of its separate divisions; a motto.

EPIGRAPHIC; EPIGRAPHICAL
Ep`i*graph"ic, Ep`i*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to epigraphs or to epigraphy; as, an epigraphic style; epigraphical works or studies.

EPIGRAPHICS
Ep`i*graph"ics, n.

Defn: The science or study of epigraphs.

EPIGRAPHIST
E*pig"ra*phist, n.

Defn: A student of, or one versed in, epigraphy.

EPIGRAPHY
E*pig"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The science of inscriptions; the art of engraving inscriptions or of deciphering them.

EPIGYNOUS
E*pig"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. épigyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Adnate to the surface of the ovary, so as to be apparently inserted upon the top of it; — said of stamens, petals, sepals, and also of the disk.

EPIHYAL
Ep`i*hy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + the Greek letter (Anat.)

Defn: A segment next above the ceratohyal in the hyoidean arch.

EPILEPSY
Ep"i*lep`sy, n. Etym: [L. epilepsia, Gr. épilepsie. Cf. Catalepsy.]
(Med.)

Defn: The "falling sickness," so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground; a disease characterized by paroxysms (or fits) occurring at interval and attended by sudden loss of consciousness, and convulsive motions of the muscles. Dunglison.

EPILEPTIC
Ep`i*lep"tic, a. Etym: [L. epilepticus, Gr. épileptique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, affected with, or of the nature of, epilepsy.

EPILEPTIC
Ep`i*lep"tic, n.

1. One affected with epilepsy.

2. A medicine for the cure of epilepsy.

EPILEPTICAL
Ep`i*lep"tic*al, a.

Defn: Epileptic.

EPILEPTIFORM
Ep`i*lep"ti*form, a.

Defn: Resembling epilepsy.

EPILEPTOGENOUS
Ep`i*lep*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Producing epilepsy or epileptoid convulsions; — applied to areas of the body or of the nervous system, stimulation of which produces convulsions.

EPILEPTOID
Ep`i*lep"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling epilepsy; as, epileptoid convulsions.

EPILOGATION
Ep`i*lo*ga"tion, n. Etym: [LL. epilogatio.]

Defn: A summing up in a brief account. [Obs.] Udall.

EPILOGIC; EPILOGICAL
Ep`i*log"ic, Ep`i*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an epilogue.

EPILOGISM
E*pil"o*gism, n. Etym: [Gr. Epilogue.]

Defn: Enumeration; computation. [R.] J. Gregory.

EPILOGISTIC
Ep`i*lo*gis"tic, a. Etym: [Cf. Gr. Epilogism.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to epilogue; of the nature of an epilogue. T.
Warton.

EPILOGIZE
E*pil"o*gize, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Epilogism.]

Defn: To speak an epilogue to; to utter as an epilogue.

EPILOGUE
Ep"i*logue, n. Etym: [F. épilogue, L. epilogus, fr. Gr. Legend.]

1. (Drama)

Defn: A speech or short poem addressed to the spectators and recited by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. A good play no epilogue, yet . . . good plays prove the better by the help of good epilogues. Shak.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated; a conclusion.

EPILOGUIZE
Ep"i*lo*guize, v. i. & t.

Defn: Same as Epilogize.

EPIMACHUS
E*pim"a*chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of highly ornate and brilliantly colored birds of
Australia, allied to the birds of Paradise.

EPIMERA
E*pim"e*ra, n. pl.

Defn: See Epimeron.

EPIMERAL
E*pim"e*ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epimera.

EPIMERE
Ep"i*mere, n. Etym: [Epi- + -mere.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the segments of the transverse axis, or the so called homonymous parts; as, for example, one of the several segments of the extremities in vertebrates, or one of the similar segments in plants, such as the segments of a segmented leaf. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EPIMERON E*pim"e*ron, n.; pl. Epimera. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) In crustaceans: The part of the side of a somite external to the basal joint of each appendage. See Illust. under Crustacea. (b) In insects: The lateral piece behind the episternum. [Written also epimerum.]

EPINASTIC
Ep`i*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A term applied to that phase of vegetable growth in which an organ grows more rapidly on its upper than on its under surface. See Hyponastic.

EPINEURAL
Ep`i*neu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + neural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Arising from the neurapophysis of a vertebra.

EPINEURIUM
Ep`i*neu"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The connective tissue framework and sheath of a nerve which bind together the nerve bundles, each of which has its own special sheath, or perineurium.

EPINGLETTE
Ep`in*glette", n. Etym: [F.] (Mil.)

Defn: An iron needle for piercing the cartridge of a cannon before priming.

EPINICIAL
Ep`i*ni"cial, a. Etym: [See Epinicion.]

Defn: Relating to victory. "An epinicial song." T. Warton.

EPINICION
Ep`i*ni"cion, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. epinicium.]

Defn: A song of triumph. [Obs.] T. Warton.

EPINIKIAN
Ep`i*nik"i*an, a.

Defn: Epinicial.

EPIORNIS
Ep`i*or"nis, n. Etym: [NL.: cf. F. épiornis. See Æpyornis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the gigantic ostrichlike birds of the genus Æpiornis, only recently extinct. Its remains have been found in Madagascar. [Written also Æpyornis.]

EPIOTIC
Ep`i*o"tic, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper and outer element of periotic bone, — in man forming a part of the temporal bone.

EPIPEDOMETRY
Ep`i*pe*dom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.] (Geom.)

Defn: The mensuration of figures standing on the same base. [Obs.]

EPIPERIPHERAL
Ep`i*pe*riph"er*al, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + peripheral.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external surface of the body; — especially applied to the feelings which originate at the extremities of nerves distributed on the outer surface, as the sensation produced by touching an object with the finger; — opposed to entoperipheral. H. Spenser.

EPIPETALOUS
Ep`i*pet"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + petal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Borne on the petals or corolla.

EPIPHANY
E*piph"a*ny, n. Etym: [F. épiphanie, L. epiphania, Gr. Fancy.]

1. An appearance, or a becoming manifest. Whom but just before they beheld transfigured and in a glorious epiphany upon the mount. Jer. Taylor. An epic poet, if ever such a difficult birth should make its epiphany in Paris. De Quincey.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A church festival celebrated on the 6th of January, the twelfth day after Christmas, in commemoration of the visit of the Magi of the East to Bethlehem, to see and worship the child Jesus; or, as others maintain, to commemorate the appearance of the star to the Magi, symbolizing the manifestation of Christ to the Gentles; Twelfthtide.

EPIPHARYNGEAL
Ep`i*phar`yn*ge"al, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + pharyngeal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the segments above the epibranchial in the branchial arches of fishes. — n.

Defn: An epipharyngeal bone or cartilage.

EPIPHARYNX
Ep`i*phar"ynx, n. Etym: [Epi- + pharynx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A structure which overlaps the mouth of certain insects.

EPIPHONEMA
Ep`i*pho*ne"ma, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: An exclamatory sentence, or striking reflection, which sums up or concludes a discourse.

EPIPHONEME
E*piph"o*neme, n.

Defn: Epiphonema. [R.]

EPIPHORA
E*piph"o*ra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Med.)

Defn: The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate in the eye, and trickle over the cheek.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: The emphatic repetition of a word or phrase, at the end of several sentences or stanzas.

EPIPHRAGM
Ep"i*phragm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A membranaceous or calcareous septum with which some mollusks close the aperture of the shell during the time of hibernation, or æstivation.

EPIPHYLLOSPERMOUS
Ep`i*phyl`lo*sper"mous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit on the back of the leaves, as ferns. Harris (1710).

EPIPHYLLOUS
Ep`i*phyl*lous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Growing upon, or inserted into, the leaf.

EPIPHYLLUM
Ep`i*phyl"lum, n. Etym: [NL.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of cactaceous plants having flattened, jointed stems, and petals united in a tube. The flowers are very showy, and several species are in cultivation.

EPIPHYSEAL; EPIPHYSIAL
Ep`i*phys"e*al, Ep`i*phys"i*al, (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphysis.

EPIPHYSIS E*piph"y*sis, n.; pl. Epiphyses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The end, or other superficial part, of a bone, which ossifies separately from the central portion, or diaphysis. (b) The cerebral epiphysis, or pineal gland. See Pineal gland, under Pineal.

EPIPHYTAL
E*piph"y*tal, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to an epiphyte.

EPIPHYTE
Ep"i*phyte, n. Etym: [Gr. épiphyte.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: An air plant which grows on other plants, but does not derive its nourishment from them. See Air plant.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A vegetable parasite growing on the surface of the body.

EPIPHYTIC; EPIPHYTICAL
Ep`i*phyt"ic, Ep`i*phyt"ic*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having the nature of, an epiphyte.
— Ep`i*phyt"ic*al*ly, adv.

EPIPLASTRON
Ep`i*plas"tron, n.; pl. Epiplastra. Etym: [Pref. epi- + plastron.]
(Anat.)

Defn: One of the first pair of lateral plates in the plastron of turtles.

EPIPLEURAL
Ep`i*pleu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + pleural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Arising from the pleurapophysis of a vertebra. Owen.

EPIPLEXIS
Ep`i*plex"is, n. Etym: [L., reproof, fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a person seeks to convince and move by an elegant kind of upbraiding.

EPIPLOCE
E*pip"lo*ce, n. Etym: [L., connection, from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which one striking circumstance is added, in due gradation, to another; climax; e. g., "He not only spared his enemies, but continued them in employment; not only continued, but advanced them." Johnson.

EPIPLOIC
Ep`i*plo"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the epiploön.

EPIPLOON; EPIPLOOEN
E*pip"lo*ön, n.; pl. Epiploa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Omentum.

EPIPODIAL
Ep`i*po"di*al, a.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epipodialia or the parts of the limbs to which they belong.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the epipodium of Mollusca.

EPIPODIALE
Ep`i*po`di*a"le, n.; pl. Epipodialia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: One of the bones of either the forearm or shank, the epipodialia being the radius, ulna, tibia, and fibula.

EPIPODITE
E*pip"o*dite, n. Etym: [See Epipodium.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The outer branch of the legs in certain Crustacea. See
Maxilliped.

EPIPODIUM
Ep`i*po"di*um, n.; pl. Epipodia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral lobes of the foot in certain gastropods.

EPIPOLIC
Ep`i*pol"ic, a. (Opt.)

Defn: Producing, or relating to, epipolism or fluorescence. [R.]

EPIPOLISM
E*pip"o*lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Opt.)

Defn: See Fluorescence. [R.] Sir J. Herschel.

EPIPOLIZED
E*pip"o*lized, a.

Defn: Changed to the epipolic condition, or that in which the phenomenon of fluorescence is presented; produced by fluorescence; as, epipolized light. [R.] Stokes.

EPIPTERIC
Ep`ip*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a small Wormian bone sometimes present in the human skull between the parietal and the great wing of the sphenoid. — n.

Defn: The epipteric bone.

EPIPTERYGOID
Ep`ip*ter"y*goid, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + pterygoid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated upon or above the pterygoid bone.
— n.

Defn: An epipterygoid bone or cartilage; the columella in the skulls of many lizards.

EPIPUBIC
Ep`i*pu"bic, a.

Defn: Relating to the epipubis.

EPIPUBIS
Ep`i*pu"bis, n.; pl. Epipubes. Etym: [NL., epi- + pubis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cartilage or bone in front of the pubis in some amphibians and other animals.

EPISCOPACY
E*pis"co*pa*cy, n. Etym: [See Episcopate.]

Defn: Government of the church by bishops; church government by three distinct orders of ministers — bishops, priests, and deacons — of whom the bishops have an authority superior and of a different kind.

EPISCOPAL E*pis"co*pal, a. Etym: [L. episcopalis, fr. episcopus: cf. F. épiscopal. See Bishop.]

1. Governed by bishops; as, an episcopal church.

2. Belonging to, or vested in, bishops; as, episcopal jurisdiction or authority; the episcopal system.

EPISCOPALIAN
E*pis`co*pa"li*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to bishops, or government by bishops; episcopal; specifically, of or relating to the Protestant Episcopal Church.

EPISCOPALIAN
E*pis`co*pa"li*an, n.

Defn: One who belongs to an episcopal church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church government and discipline; a churchman; specifically, in the United States, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

EPISCOPALIANISM
E*pis`co*pa"li*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine and usages of Episcopalians; episcopacy.

EPISCOPALLY
E*pis"co*pal*ly, adv.

Defn: By episcopal authority; in an episcopal manner.

EPISCOPANT
E*pis"co*pant, n.

Defn: A bishop. [Obs.] Milton.

EPISCOPARIAN
E*pis`co*pa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Episcopal. [R.] Wood.

EPISCOPATE E*pis"co*pate, n. Etym: [L. episcopatus, fr. episcopus: cf. F. épiscopat. See Bishop.]

1. A bishopric; the office and dignity of a bishop.

2. The collective body of bishops.

3. The time of a bishop's rule.

EPISCOPATE
E*pis"co*pate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Episcopated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Episcopating.]

Defn: To act as a bishop; to fill the office of a prelate. [Obs.]
Feeding the flock episcopating. Milton.

EPISCOPICIDE
E*pis"co*pi*cide, n. Etym: [L. episcopus bishop + caedere to kill.]

Defn: The killing of a bishop.

EPISCOPIZE
E*pis"co*pize, v. t.

Defn: To make a bishop of by consecration. Southey.

EPISCOPIZE
E*pis"co*pize, v. i.

Defn: To perform the duties of a bishop.

EPISCOPY
E*pis"co*py, n. Etym: [Gr. Bishop.]

1. Survey; superintendence. [Obs.] Milton.

2. Episcopacy. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

EPISEPALOUS
Ep`i*sep"al*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + sepal.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing on the sepals or adnate to them.

EPISKELETAL
Ep`i*skel"e*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. epi- + skeleletal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Above or outside of the endoskeleton; epaxial.

EPISODAL
Ep`i*so"dal, a.

Defn: Same as Episodic.

EPISODE
Ep"i*sode, n. Etym: [Gr. sad to go: cf. F. épisode.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A separate incident, story, or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related; an incidental narrative, or digression, separable from the main subject, but naturally arising from it.

EPISODIAL
Ep`i*so"di*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an episode; by way of episode; episodic.

EPISODIC; EPISODICAL
Ep`i*so"dic, Ep`i*so"dic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épisodique. See
Episode.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to an episode; adventitious.
— Ep`i*so"dic*al*ly, adv.
Such a figure as Jacob Brattle, purely episodical though it be, is an
excellent English portrait. H. James.

EPISPADIAS
Ep`i*spa"di*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A deformity in which the urethra opens upon the top of the penis, instead of at its extremity.

EPISPASTIC
Ep"i*spas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. épispastique.] (Med.)

Defn: Attracting the humors to the skin; exciting action in the skin; blistering.

EPISPASTIC
Ep"i*spas"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: An external application to the skin, which produces a puriform or serous discharge by exciting inflammation; a vesicatory.

EPISPERM
Ep"i*sperm, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. épisperme.] (Bot.)

Defn: The skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat. See
Testa.

EPISPERMIC
Ep`i*sper"mic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining, or belonging, to the episperm, or covering of a seed.

EPISPORE
Ep"i*spore, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + spore.] (Bot.)

Defn: The thickish outer coat of certain spores.

EPISTAXIS
Ep`i*stax"is, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Bleeding at the nose.

EPISTEMOLOGY
E*pis`te*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The theory or science of the method or grounds of knowledge.

EPISTERNAL
Ep`i*ster"nal, a. (Anat. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the episternum.

EPISTERNUM
Ep`i*ster"num, n.; pl. Episterna. Etym: [NL. See Epi-, and Sternum.]

1. (Anat.) (a) A median bone connected with the sternum, in many vertebrates; the interclavicle. (b) Same as Epiplastron.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the lateral pieces next to the sternum in the thorax of insects.

EPISTILBITE
Ep`i*stil"bite, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + stilbite.] (Min.)

Defn: A crystallized, transparent mineral of the Zeolite family. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

EPISTLE E*pis"tle, n. Etym: [OE. epistle, epistel, AS. epistol, pistol, L. epistola, fr. Gr. epistle, epistre, F. épître. See Stall.]

1. A writing directed or sent to a person or persons; a written communication; a letter; — applied usually to formal, didactic, or elegant letters. A madman's epistles are no gospels. Shak.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of the letters in the New Testament which were addressed to their Christian brethren by Apostles. Epistle side, the right side of an altar or church to a person looking from the nave toward the chancel. One sees the pulpit on the epistle side. R. Browning.

EPISTLE
E*pis"tle, v. t.

Defn: To write; to communicate in a letter or by writing. [Obs.]
Milton.

EPISTLER
E*pis"tler, n.

1. A writer of epistles, or of an epistle of the New Testament. M. Arnold.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The ecclesiastic who reads the epistle at the communion service.

EPISTOLAR
E*pis"to*lar, a.

Defn: Epistolary. Dr. H. More.

EPISTOLARY E*pis"to*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. epistolaris, fr. epistola: cf. F. épistolaire.]

1. Pertaining to epistles or letters; suitable to letters and correspondence; as, an epistolary style.

2. Contained in letters; carried on by letters. "Epistolary correspondence." Addison.

EPISTOLEAN
Ep`is*to"le*an, n.

Defn: One who writes epistles; a correspondent. Mary Cowden Clarke.

EPISTOLER
E*pis"to*ler, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: One of the clergy who reads the epistle at the communion service; an epistler.

EPISTOLET
E*pis"to*let, n.

Defn: A little epistle. Lamb.

EPISTOLIC; EPISTOLICAL
Ep`is*tol"ic, Ep`is*tol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. epistolicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to letters or epistles; in the form or style of letters; epistolary.

EPISTOLIZE
E*pis"to*lize, v. i.

Defn: To write epistles.

EPISTOLIZER
E*pis"to*li`zer, n.

Defn: A writer of epistles.

EPISTOLOGRAPHIC
E*pis`to*lo*graph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. épistolographique.]

Defn: Pertaining to the writing of letters; used in writing letters; epistolary. Epistolographic character or mode of writing, the same as Demotic character. See under Demotic.

EPISTOLOGRAPHY
E*pis`to*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. épistolographie.]

Defn: The art or practice of writing epistles.

EPISTOMA; EPISTOME E*pis"to*ma, Ep"i*stome, n. Etym: [NL. epistoma, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) The region between the antennæ and the mouth, in Crustacea. (b) A liplike organ that covers the mouth, in most Bryozoa. See Illust., under Entoprocta.

EPISTROPHE
E*pis"tro*phe, n. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which successive clauses end with the same word or affirmation; e. g., "Are they Hebrews so am I. Are they Israelites so am I." 2 Cor. xi. 22.

EPISTYLE
Ep"i*style, n. Etym: [L. epistylium, Gr. épistyle.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A massive piece of stone or wood laid immediately on the abacus of the capital of a column or pillar; — now called architrave.

EPISYLLOGISM
Ep`i*syl"lo*gism, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + syllogism.] (Logic)

Defn: A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism, called, in relation to this, the prosyllogism.

EPITAPH Ep"i*taph, n. Etym: [F. épitaphe, L. epitaphium a funeral oration, fr. Gr. Cenotaph.]

1. An inscription on, or at, a tomb, or a grave, in memory or commendation of the one buried there; a sepulchral inscription. Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak.

2. A brief writing formed as if to be inscribed on a monument, as that concerning Alexander: "Sufficit huic tumulus, cui non sufficeret orbis."

EPITAPH
Ep"i*taph, v. t.

Defn: To commemorate by an epitaph. [R.]
Let me be epitaphed the inventor of English hexameters. G. Harvey.

EPITAPH
Ep"i*taph, v. i.

Defn: To write or speak after the manner of an epitaph. [R.] The common in their speeches epitaph upon him . . . "He lived as a wolf and died as a dog." Bp. Hall.

EPITAPHER
Ep"i*taph`er, n.

Defn: A writer of epitaphs. Nash.

EPITAPHIAL; EPITAPHIAN
Ep`i*taph"i*al, Ep`i*taph"i*an, a.

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, an epitaph.
The noble Pericles in his epitaphian speech. Milton.
Epitaphial Latin verses are not to be taken too literally. Lowell.

EPITAPHIC
Ep`i*taph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an epitaph; epitaphian.
— n.

Defn: An epitaph. Udall.

EPITAPHIST
Ep"i*taph`ist, n.

Defn: An epitapher.

EPITASIS
E*pit"a*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. That part which embraces the main action of a play, poem, and the like, and leads on to the catastrophe; — opposed to protasis.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The period of violence in a fever or disease; paroxysm.
Dunglison.

EPITHALAMIC
Ep`i*tha*lam"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or designed for, an epithalamium.

EPITHALAMIUM Ep`i*tha*la"mi*um, n.; pl. Epithalamiums, L. Epithalamia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A nuptial song, or poem in honor of the bride and bridegroom. The kind of poem which was called epithalamium . . . sung when the bride was led into her chamber. B. Jonson.

EPITHALAMY
Ep`i*thal"a*my, n.; pl. Epithalamies (.

Defn: Epithalamium. [R.] Donne.

EPITHECA
Ep`i*the"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A continuous and, usually, structureless layer which covers more or less of the exterior of many corals.

EPITHELIAL
Ep`i*the"li*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to epithelium; as, epithelial cells; epithelial cancer.

EPITHELIOID
Ep`i*the"li*oid, a. Etym: [Epithelium + -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Like epithelium; as, epithelioid cells.

EPITHELIOMA
Ep`i*the`li*o"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Epithelium, and -oma.] (Med.)

Defn: A malignant growth containing epithelial cells; — called also epithelial cancer.

EPITHELIUM
Ep`i*the"li*um, n.; pl. E. Epitheliums, L. Epithelia. Etym: [NL., fr.
Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The superficial layer of cells lining the alimentary canal and all its appendages, all glands and their ducts, blood vessels and lymphatics, serous cavities, etc. It often includes the epidermis (i. e., keratin-producing epithelial cells), and it is sometimes restricted to the alimentary canal, the glands and their appendages, — the term endothelium being applied to the lining membrane of the blood vessels, lymphatics, and serous cavities.

EPITHELOID
Ep`i*the"loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Epithelioid.

EPITHEM
Ep"i*them, n. Etym: [L. epithema, Gr. épithème. See Epithet.] (Med.)

Defn: Any external topical application to the body, except ointments and plasters, as a poultice, lotion, etc.

EPITHEMA
Ep`i*the"ma, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A horny excrescence upon the beak of birds.

EPITHESIS
E*pith"e*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: The addition of a letter at the end of a word, without changing its sense; as, numb for num, whilst for whiles.

EPITHET
Ep"i*thet, n. Etym: [L. epitheton, Gr. épithète. See Do.]

1. An adjective expressing some quality, attribute, or relation, that is properly or specially appropriate to a person or thing; as, a just man; a verdant lawn. A prince [Henry III.] to whom the epithet "worthless" seems best applicable. Hallam.

2. Term; expression; phrase. "Stiffed with epithets of war." Shak.

Syn. — Epithet, Title. The name epithet was formerly extended to nouns which give a title or describe character (as the "epithet of liar"), but is now confined wholly to adjectives. Some rhetoricians, as Whately, restrict it still further, considering the term epithet as belonging only to a limited class of adjectives, viz., those which add nothing to the sense of their noun, but simply hold forth some quality necessarily implied therein; as, the bright sun, the lofty heavens, etc. But this restriction does not prevail in general literature. Epithet is sometimes confounded with application, which is always a noun or its equivalent.

EPITHET
Ep"i*thet, v. t.

Defn: To describe by an epithet. [R.]
Never was a town better epitheted. Sir H. Wotton.

EPITHETIC; EPITHETICAL
Ep`i*thet"ic, Ep`i*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or abounding with, epithets. "In epithetic measured prose." Lloyd.

EPITHITE
Ep"i*thite, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A lazy, worthless fellow; a vagrant. [Obs.] Mason.

EPITHUMETIC
Ep`i*thu*met"ic, a.

Defn: Epithumetical. [Obs.]

EPITHUMETICAL
Ep`i*thu*met"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to sexual desire; sensual. Sir T. Browne.

EPITITHIDES
Ep`i*tith"i*des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Epithet.] (Arch.)

Defn: The uppermost member of the cornice of an entablature.

EPITOMATOR
E*pit"o*ma`tor, n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: An epitomist. Sir W. Hamilton.

EPITOME
E*pit"o*me, n.; pl. Epitomes. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. épitome. See Tome.]

1. A work in which the contents of a former work are reduced within a smaller space by curtailment and condensation; a brief summary; an abridgement. [An] epitome of the contents of a very large book. Sydney Smith.

2. A compact or condensed representation of anything. An epitome of English fashionable life. Carlyle. A man so various that he seemed to be Not one, but all mankind's epitome. Dryden.

Syn. — Abridgement; compendium; compend; abstract; synopsis; abbreviature. See Abridgment.

EPITOMIST
E*pit"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who makes an epitome; one who abridges; an epitomizer.
Milton.

EPITOMIZE
E*pit"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Epitomized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Epitomizing.]

1. To make an epitome of; to shorten or abridge, as a writing or discourse; to reduce within a smaller space; as, to epitomize the works of Justin.

2. To diminish, as by cutting off something; to curtail; as, to epitomize words. [Obs.] Addison.

EPITOMIZER
E*pit"o*mi`zer, n.

Defn: An epitomist. Burton.

EPITRITE Ep"i*trite, n. Etym: [Gr. i. e., , or in the ratio of 4 to 3); epitritos, F. épitrite.] (Gr. & Lat. Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of three long syllables and one short syllable.

Note: It is so called from being compounded of a spondee (which contains 4 times) with an iambus or a trochee (which contains 3 times). It is called 1st, 2d, 3d, or 4th epitrite according as the short syllable stands 1st, 2d, etc.

EPITROCHLEA
Ep`i*troch"le*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Epi-, and Trochlea.] (Anat.)

Defn: A projection on the outer side of the distal end of the humerus; the external condyle.

EPITROCHLEAR
Ep`i*troch"le*ar, a.

Defn: Relating to the epitrochlea.

EPITROCHOID
Ep`i*tro"choid, n. Etym: [Pref. epi- + Gr. -oid.] (Geom.)

Defn: A kind of curve. See Epicycloid, any Trochoid.

EPITROPE
E*pit"ro*pe, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which permission is either seriously or ironically granted to some one, to do what he proposes to do; e. g., "He that is unjust, let him be unjust still."

EPIZEUXIS
Ep`i*zeux"is, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which a word is repeated with vehemence or emphasis, as in the following lines: - Alone, alone, all all alone, Alone on a wide wide sea. Coleridge.

EPIZOAN
Ep`i*zo"an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An epizoön.

EPIZOAN
Ep`i*zo"an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An epizoön.

EPIZOIC
Ep`i*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; — said of external parasites.

EPIZOIC
Ep`i*zo"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living upon the exterior of another animal; ectozoic; — said of external parasites.

EPIZOON; EPIZOOEN
Ep`i*zo"ön, n.; pl. Epizoa. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the artificial group of invertebrates of various kinds, which live parasitically upon the exterior of other animals; an ectozoön. Among them are the lice, ticks, many acari, the lerneans, or fish lice, and other crustaceans.

EPIZOOTIC; EPIZOOETIC
Ep`i*zo*öt"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. épizoötique.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an epizoön.

2. (Geol.)

Defn: Containing fossil remains; — said of rocks, formations, mountains, and the like. [Obs.] Epizoötic mountains are of secondary formation. Kirwan.

3. Of the nature of a disease which attacks many animals at the same time; — corresponding to epidemic diseases among men.

EPIZOOTY; EPIZOOETY; EPIZOOTIC; EPIZOOETIC
Ep`i*zo"ö*ty, Ep`i*zo*öt"ic, n. Etym: [F. épizoötie.]

Defn: An epizoötic disease; a murrain; an epidemic influenza among horses.

EPOCH Ep"och, n. Etym: [LL. epocha, Gr. sah to overpower, Goth. sigis victory, AS. sigor, sige, G. sieg: cf. F. époque. See Scheme.]

1. A fixed point of time, established in history by the occurrence of some grand or remarkable event; a point of time marked by an event of great subsequent influence; as, the epoch of the creation; the birth of Christ was the epoch which gave rise to the Christian era. In divers ages, . . . divers epochs of time were used. Usher. Great epochs and crises in the kingdom of God. Trench. The acquittal of the bishops was not the only event which makes the 30th of June, 1688, a great epoch in history. Macaulay.

Note: Epochs mark the beginning of new historical periods, and dates are often numbered from them.

2. A period of time, longer or shorter, remarkable for events of great subsequent influence; a memorable period; as, the epoch of maritime discovery, or of the Reformation. "So vast an epoch of time." F. Harrison. The influence of Chaucer continued to live even during the dreary interval which separates from one another two important epochs of our literary history. A. W. Ward.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A division of time characterized by the prevalence of similar
conditions of the earth; commonly a minor division or part of a
period.
The long geological epoch which stored up the vast coal measures. J.
C. Shairp.

4. (Astron.) (a) The date at which a planet or comet has a longitude or position. (b) An arbitrary fixed date, for which the elements used in computing the place of a planet, or other heavenly body, at any other date, are given; as, the epoch of Mars; lunar elements for the epoch March 1st, 1860.

Syn. — Era; time; date; period; age. — Epoch, Era. We speak of the era of the Reformation, when we think of it as a period, during which a new order of things prevailed; so also, the era of good feeling, etc. Had we been thinking of the time as marked by certain great events, or as a period in which great results were effected, we should have called the times when these events happened epochs, and the whole period an epoch. The capture of Constantinople is an epoch in the history of Mahometanism; but the flight of Mahomet is its era. C. J. Smith.

EPOCHA
Ep"o*cha, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Epoch. J. Adams.

EPOCHAL
Ep"o*chal, a.

Defn: Belonging to an epoch; of the nature of an epoch. "Epochal points." Shedd.

EPODE Ep"ode, n. Etym: [L. epodos, Gr. épode. See Ode.] (Poet.) (a) The after song; the part of a lyric ode which follows the strophe and antistrophe, — the ancient ode being divided into strophe, antistrophe, and epode. (b) A species of lyric poem, invented by Archilochus, in which a longer verse is followed by a shorter one; as, the Epodes of Horace. It does not include the elegiac distich.

EPODIC
E*pod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, an epode.

EPONYM; EPONYME
Ep"o*nym, Ep"o*nyme, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éponyme. See Eponymous.]

1. The hypothetical individual who is assumed as the person from whom any race, city, etc., took its name; as, Hellen is an eponym of the Hellenes.

2. A name, as of a people, country, and the like, derived from that of an individual.

EPONYMIC
Ep`o*nym"ic, a.

Defn: Same as Eponymous.
Tablets . . . which bear eponymic dates. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

EPONYMIST
E*pon"y*mist, n.

Defn: One from whom a race, tribe, city, or the like, took its name; an eponym.

EPONYMOUS
E*pon"y*mous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to an eponym; giving one's name to a tribe, people, country, and the like. What becomes . . . of the Herakleid genealogy of the Spartan kings, when it is admitted that eponymous persons are to be canceled as fictions Grote.

EPONYMY
E*pon"y*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The derivation of the name of a race, tribe, etc., from that of a fabulous hero, progenitor, etc.

EPOOPHORON; EPOOEPHORON
Ep`o*öph"o*ron, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Parovarium.

EPOPEE; EPOPOEIA
Ep"o*pee`, Ep`o*poe"ia, n. Etym: [F. épopée, Gr. Epos.]

Defn: An epic poem; epic poetry.

EPOPT
Ep"opt, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One instructed in the mysteries of a secret system. Carlyle.

EPOS
Ep"os, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An epic.

EPOTATION Ep`o*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. epotare, epotatum, to drink; e out + potare to drink.]

Defn: A drinking up; a quaffing. [Obs.] Feltham.

EPROUVETTE e`prou`vette", n. Etym: [F.] (Gun.)

Defn: An apparatus for testing or proving the strength of gunpowder.

EPSOMITE
Ep"som*ite, n.

Defn: Native sulphate of magnesia or Epsom salt.

EPSOM SALTS; EPSOM SALT
Ep"som salts` or Ep"som salt`. (Med.)

Defn: Sulphate of magnesia having cathartic qualities; — originally prepared by boiling down the mineral waters at Epsom, England, — whence the name; afterwards prepared from sea water; but now from certain minerals, as from siliceous hydrate of magnesia.

EPULARY Ep"u*la*ry, a. Etym: [L. epularis, fr. epulum a feast: cf. F. épulaire.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a feast or banquet. [Obs.] Smart.

EPULATION
Ep`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. epulatio.]

Defn: A feasting or feast; banquet. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

EPULIS
E*pu"lis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A hard tumor developed from the gums.

EPULOSE
Ep"u*lose`, a. Etym: [L. epulum a feast.]

Defn: Feasting to excess. [Obs.]

EPULOSITY
Ep`u*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: A feasting to excess. [Obs.]

EPULOTIC
Ep`u*lot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Promoting the skinning over or healing of sores; as, an epulotic ointment. — n.

Defn: An epulotic agent.

EPURATION Ep`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. e out, quite + purare to purify, purus pure.]

Defn: Purification.

EPURE e`pure", n. Etym: [F.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: A draught or model from which to build; especially, one of the full size of the work to be done; a detailed drawing.

EPWORTH LEAGUE
Ep"worth League.

Defn: A religious organization of Methodist young people, founded in 1889 at Cleveland, Ohio, and taking its name from John Wesley's birthplace, Epworth, Lincolnshire, England.

EQUABILITY
E`qua*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. aequabilitas, fr. aequabilis. See
Equable.]

Defn: The quality or condition of being equable; evenness or uniformity; as, equability of temperature; the equability of the mind. For the celestial bodies, the equability and constancy of their motions argue them ordained by wisdom. Ray.

EQUABLE E"qua*ble, a. Etym: [L. aequabilis, fr. aequare to make level or equal, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.]

1. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at different times; — said of motion, and the like; uniform in surface; smooth; as, an equable plain or globe.

2. Uniform in action or intensity; not variable or changing; — said of the feelings or temper.

EQUABLENESS
E"qua*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality or state of being equable.

EQUABLY
E"qua*bly, adv.

Defn: In an equable manner.

EQUAL E"qual, a. Etym: [L. aequalis, fr. aequus even, equal; akin to Skr. , and perh. to L. unus for older oinos one, E. one.]

1. Agreeing in quantity, size, quality, degree, value, etc.; having the same magnitude, the same value, the same degree, etc.; — applied to number, degree, quantity, and intensity, and to any subject which admits of them; neither inferior nor superior, greater nor less, better nor worse; corresponding; alike; as, equal quantities of land, water, etc. ; houses of equal size; persons of equal stature or talents; commodities of equal value.

2. Bearing a suitable relation; of just proportion; having competent
power, abilities, or means; adequate; as, he is not equal to the
task.
The Scots trusted not their own numbers as equal to fight with the
English. Clarendon.
It is not permitted to me to make my commendations equal to your
merit. Dryden.
Whose voice an equal messenger Conveyed thy meaning mild. Emerson.

3. Not variable; equable; uniform; even; as, an equal movement. "An equal temper." Dryden.

4. Evenly balanced; not unduly inclining to either side; characterized by fairness; unbiased; impartial; equitable; just. Are not my ways equal Ezek. xviii. 29. Thee, O Jove, no equal judge I deem. Spenser. Nor think it equal to answer deliberate reason with sudden heat and noise. Milton.

5. Of the same interest or concern; indifferent. They who are not disposed to receive them may let them alone or reject them; it is equal to me. Cheyne.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: Intended for voices of one kind only, either all male or all female; — opposed to mixed. [R.]

7. (Math.)

Defn: Exactly agreeing with respect to quantity. Equal temperament.
(Mus.) See Temperament.

Syn. — Even; equable; uniform; adequate; proportionate; commensurate; fair; just; equitable.

EQUAL
E"qual, n.

1. One not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; as, "If equals be taken from equals the remainders are equal." Those who were once his equals envy and defame him. Addison.

2. State of being equal; equality. [Obs.] Spenser.

EQUAL
E"qual, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equaled or Equalled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equaling or Equalling.]

1. To be or become equal to; to have the same quantity, the same value, the same degree or rank, or the like, with; to be commen On me whose all not equals Edward's moiety. Shak.

2. To make equal return to; to recompense fully. Who answered all her cares, and equaled all her love. Dryden.

3. To make equal or equal to; to equalize; hence, to compare or regard as equals; to put on equality. He would not equal the mind that he found in himself to the infinite and incomprehensible. Berkeley.

EQUALITARIAN
E*qual`i*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who believes in equalizing the condition of men; a leveler.

EQUALITY E*qual"i*ty, n.; pl. Equalities. Etym: [L. aequalitas, fr. aequalis equal. See Equal.]

1. The condition or quality of being equal; agreement in quantity or degree as compared; likeness in bulk, value, rank, properties, etc.; as, the equality of two bodies in length or thickness; an equality of rights. A footing of equality with nobles. Macaulay.

2. Sameness in state or continued course; evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of temper or constitution.

3. Evenness; uniformity; as, an equality of surface.

4. (Math.)

Defn: Exact agreement between two expressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity; — denoted by the symbol =; thus, a = x signifies that a contains the same number and kind of units of measure that x does. Confessional equality. See under Confessional.

EQUALIZATION
E`qual*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.
Their equalization with the rest of their fellow subjects. Burke.

EQUALIZE
E"qual*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equalized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equalizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. égaliser.]

1. To make equal; to cause to correspond, or be like, in amount or degree as compared; as, to equalize accounts, burdens, or taxes. One poor moment can suffice To equalize the lofty and the low. Wordsworth. No system of instruction will completely equalize natural powers. Whately.

2. To pronounce equal; to compare as equal. Which we equalize, and perhaps would willingly prefer to the Iliad. Orrery.

3. To be equal to; equal; to match. [Obs.] It could not equalize the hundredth part Of what her eyes have kindled in my heart. Waller. Equalizing bar (Railroad Mach.), a lever connecting two axle boxes, or two springs in a car truck or locomotive, to equalize the pressure on the axles.

EQUALIZER
E"qual*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, equalizes anything.

EQUALLY
E"qual*ly, adv.

Defn: In an equal manner or degree in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; without difference; alike; evenly; justly; as, equally taxed, furnished, etc.

EQUALNESS
E"qual*ness, n.

Defn: Equality; evenness. Shak.

EQUANGULAR
E*quan"gu*lar, a. Etym: [See Equiangular.]

Defn: Having equal angles; equiangular. [R.] Johnson.

EQUANIMITY E`qua*nim"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. aequanimitas, fr. aequanimus: cf. F. équanimité. See Equanimous.]

Defn: Evenness of mind; that calm temper or firmness of mind which is not easily elated or depressed; patience; calmness; composure; as, to bear misfortunes with equanimity.

EQUANIMOUS E*quan"i*mous, a. Etym: [L. aequanimus, fr. aequus equal + animus mind.]

Defn: Of an even, composed frame of mind; of a steady temper; not easily elated or depressed. Bp. Gauden.

EQUANT E"quant, n. Etym: [L. aequans, -antis, p. pr. of aequare: cf. F. équant. See Equate.] (Ptolemaic Astron.)

Defn: A circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of ann epicycle was conceived to move uniformly; — called also eccentric equator.

EQUATE
E*quate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equated; p. pr. & vb. n. Equating.]
Etym: [L. aequatus, p. p. of aequare to make level or equal, fr.
aequus level, equal. See Equal.]

Defn: To make equal; to reduce to an average; to make such an allowance or correction in as will reduce to a common standard of comparison; to reduce to mean time or motion; as, to equate payments; to equate lines of railroad for grades or curves; equated distances. Palgrave gives both scrolle and scrowe and equates both to F[rench] rolle. Skeat (Etymol. Dict. ). Equating for grades (Railroad Engin.), adding to the measured distance one mile for each twenty feet of ascent. — Equating for curves, adding half a mile for each 360 degrees of curvature.

EQUATION E*qua"tion, n. Etym: [L. aequatio an equalizing: cf. F. équation equation. See Equate.]

1. A making equal; equal division; equality; equilibrium. Again the golden day resumed its right, And ruled in just equation with the night. Rowe.

2. (Math.)

Defn: An expression of the condition of equality between two algebraic quantities or sets of quantities, the sign = being placed between them; as, a binomial equation; a quadratic equation; an algebraic equation; a transcendental equation; an exponential equation; a logarithmic equation; a differential equation, etc.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A quantity to be applied in computing the mean place or other element of a celestial body; that is, any one of the several quantities to be added to, or taken from, its position as calculated on the hypothesis of a mean uniform motion, in order to find its true position as resulting from its actual and unequal motion. Absolute equation. See under Absolute. — Equation box, or Equational box, a system of differential gearing used in spinning machines for regulating the twist of the yarn. It resembles gearing used in equation clocks for showing apparent time. — Equation of the center (Astron.), the difference between the place of a planet as supposed to move uniformly in a circle, and its place as moving in an ellipse. — Equations of condition (Math.), equations formed for deducing the true values of certain quantities from others on which they depend, when different sets of the latter, as given by observation, would yield different values of the quantities sought, and the number of equations that may be found is greater than the number of unknown quantities. — Equation of a curve (Math.), an equation which expresses the relation between the coördinates of every point in the curve. — Equation of equinoxes (Astron.), the difference between the mean and apparent places of the equinox. — Equation of payments (Arith.), the process of finding the mean time of payment of several sums due at different times. — Equation of time (Astron.), the difference between mean and apparent time, or between the time of day indicated by the sun, and that by a perfect clock going uniformly all the year round. — Equation clock or watch, a timepiece made to exhibit the differences between mean solar and apparent solar time. Knight. — Normal equation. See under Normal. — Personal equation (Astron.), the difference between an observed result and the true qualities or peculiarities in the observer; particularly the difference, in an average of a large number of observation, between the instant when an observer notes a phenomenon, as the transit of a star, and the assumed instant of its actual occurrence; or, relatively, the difference between these instants as noted by two observers. It is usually only a fraction of a second; — sometimes applied loosely to differences of judgment or method occasioned by temperamental qualities of individuals. — Theory of equations (Math.), the branch of algebra that treats of the properties of a single algebraic equation of any degree containing one unknown quantity.

EQUATOR E*qua"tor, n. Etym: [L. aequator one who equalizes: cf. F. équateur equator. See Equate.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: The imaginary great circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally distant from the two poles, and dividing the earth's surface into two hemispheres.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: The great circle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of the earth's equator; — so called because when the sun is in it, the days and nights are of equal length; hence called also the equinoctial, and on maps, globes, etc., the equinoctial line. Equator of the sun or of a planet (Astron.), the great circle whose plane passes through through the center of the body, and is perpendicular to its axis of revolution. — Magnetic equator. See Aclinic.

EQUATORIAL
E`qua*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. équatorial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the equator; as, equatorial climates; also, pertaining to an equatorial instrument.

EQUATORIAL
E`qua*to"ri*al, n. (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument consisting of a telescope so mounted as to have two axes of motion at right angles to each other, one of them parallel to the axis of the earth, and each carrying a graduated circle, the one for measuring declination, and the other right ascension, or the hour angle, so that the telescope may be directed, even in the daytime, to any star or other object whose right ascension and declination are known. The motion in right ascension is sometimes communicated by clockwork, so as to keep the object constantly in the field of the telescope. Called also an equatorial telescope.

Note: The term equatorial, or equatorial instrument, is sometimes applied to any astronomical instrument which has its principal axis of rotation parallel to the axis of the earth.

EQUATORIALLY
E`qua*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

Defn: So as to have motion or direction parallel to the equator.

EQUERRY Eq"uer*ry, n.; pl. Equerries. Etym: [F. écurie stable, for older escurie, escuirie (confused somewhat with F. écuyer, OF. escuyer, squire), LL. scuria, OHG. skiura, sc, barn, shed, G. scheuer, from a root meaning to cover, protect, and akin to L. scutum shield. See Esquire, and cf. Ecurie, Querry.]

1. A large stable or lodge for horses. Johnson.

2. An officer of princes or nobles, charged with the care of their horses.

Note: In England equerries are officers of the royal household in the department of the Master of the Horse.

EQUERY
Eq"ue*ry, n.

Defn: Same as Equerry.

EQUESTRIAN E*ques"tri*an, a. Etym: [L. equester, from eques horseman, fr. equus horse: cf. F. équestre. See Equine.]

1. Of or pertaining to horses or horsemen, or to horsemanship; as, equestrian feats, or games.

2. Being or riding on horseback; mounted; as, an equestrian statue. An equestrian lady appeared upon the plains. Spectator.

3. Belonging to, or composed of, the ancient Roman equities or knights; as, the equestrian order. Burke.

EQUESTRIAN
E*ques"tri*an, n.

Defn: One who rides on horseback; a horseman; a rider.

EQUESTRIANISM
E*ques"tri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The art of riding on horseback; performance on horseback; horsemanship; as, feats equestrianism.

EQUESTRIENNE E*ques"tri*enne`, n. Etym: [Formed after analogy of the French language.]

Defn: A woman skilled in equestrianism; a horsewoman.

EQUI-
E"qui-. Etym: [L. aequus equal. See Equal.]

Defn: A prefix, meaning equally; as, equidistant; equiangular.

EQUIANGLED
E"qui*an`gled, a. Etym: [Equi- + angle.]

Defn: Equiangular. [Obs.] Boyle.

EQUIANGULAR
E`qui*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Equi- + angular. Cf. Equangular.]

Defn: Having equal angles; as, an equiangular figure; a square is equiangular. Equiangular spiral. (Math.) See under Spiral, n. — Mutually equiangular, applied to two figures, when every angle of the one has its equal among the angles of the other.

EQUIBALANCE
E`qui*bal"ance, n. Etym: [Equi- + balance.]

Defn: Equal weight; equiponderance.

EQUIBALANCE
E`qui*bal"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equibalanced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equibalancing.]

Defn: To make of equal weight; to balance equally; to counterbalance; to equiponderate.

EQUICRESCENT
E`qui*cres"cent, a. Etym: [Equi- + crescent.] (Math.)

Defn: Increasing by equal increments; as, an equicrescent variable.

EQUICRURAL E`qui*cru"ral, a. Etym: [L. aequicrurius; aequus equal + crus, cruris, leg.]

Defn: Having equal legs or sides; isosceles. [R.] "Equicrural triangles." Sir T. Browne.

EQUICRURE
E"qui*crure, a.

Defn: Equicrural. [Obs.]

EQUIDIFFERENT E`qui*dif"fer*ent, a. Etym: [Equi- + different: cf. F. équidifférent.]

Defn: Having equal differences; as, the terms of arithmetical progression are equidifferent.

EQUIDISTANCE
E`qui*dis"tance, n.

Defn: Equal distance.

EQUIDISTANT E`qui*dis"tant, a. Etym: [L. aequidistans, -antis; aequus equal + distans distant: cf. F. équidistant.]

Defn: Being at an equal distance from the same point or thing.
— E`qui*dis"tant*ly, adv. Sir T. Browne.

EQUIDIURNAL
E`qui*di*ur"nal, a. Etym: [Equi- + diurnal.]

Defn: Pertaining to the time of equal day and night; — applied to the equinoctial line. Whewell.

EQUIFORM
E"qui*form, a. Etym: [L. aequiformis; aequus equal + forma form.]

Defn: Having the same form; uniform.
— E`qui*for"mi*ty, n. Sir T. Browne.

EQUILATERAL E`qui*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [L. aequilateralis; aequus equal + latus, lateris, side: cf. F. équilatéral.]

Defn: Having all the sides equal; as, an equilateral triangle; an equilateral polygon. Equilateral hyperbola (Geom.), one whose axes are equal. — Equilateral shell (Zoöl.), one in which a transverse line drawn through the apex of the umbo bisects the valve, or divides it into two equal and symmetrical parts. — Mutually equilateral, applied to two figures, when every side of the one has its equal among the sides of the other.

EQUILATERAL
E`qui*lat"er*al, n.

Defn: A side exactly corresponding, or equal, to others; also, a figure of equal sides.

EQUILIBRATE
E`qui*li"brate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equilibrated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equilibrating.] Etym: [L. aequilibratus in equilibrium; aequus equal
+ libra balance. See Equilibrium.]

Defn: To balance two scales, sides, or ends; to keep even with equal weight on each side; to keep in equipoise. H. Spenser.

EQUILIBRATION
E`qui*li*bra"tion, n.

1. Act of keeping a balance, or state of being balanced; equipoise. In . . . running, leaping, and dancing, nature's laws of equilibration are observed. J. Denham.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The process by which animal and vegetable organisms preserve a physiological balance. H. Spenser.

EQUILIBRIOUS
E`qui*lib"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Evenly poised; balanced. Dr. H. More.
— E`qui*lib"ri*ous*ly, adv.

EQUILIBRIST
E*quil"i*brist, n.

Defn: One who balances himself in unnatural positions and hazardous
movements; a balancer.
When the equilibrist balances a rod upon his finger. Stewart.

EQUILIBRITY
E`qui*lib"ri*ty, n. Etym: [L. aequilibritas equal distribution. See
Equilibrium.]

Defn: The state of being balanced; equality of weight. [R.] J.
Gregory.

EQUILIBRIUM E`qui*lib"ri*um, n.; pl. E. Equilibriums, L. Equilibria. Etym: [L. aequilibrium, fr. aequilibris in equilibrium, level; aequus equal + libra balance. See Equal, and Librate.]

1. Equality of weight or force; an equipoise or a state of rest produced by the mutual counteraction of two or more forces.

2. A level position; a just poise or balance in respect to an object, so that it remains firm; equipoise; as, to preserve the equilibrium of the body. Health consists in the equilibrium between those two powers. Arbuthnot.

3. A balancing of the mind between motives or reasons, with consequent indecision and doubt. Equilibrium valve (Steam Engine), a balanced valve. See under Valve.

EQUIMOMENTAL
E`qui*mo*men"tal, a. Etym: [Equi- + momental.] (Mech.)

Defn: Having equal moments of inertia.

Note: Two bodies or systems of bodies are said to be equimomental when their moments of inertia about all straight lines are equal each to each. Equimomental cone of a given rigid body, a conical surface that has any given vertex, and is described by a straight line which moves in such manner that the moment of inertia of the given rigid body about the line is in all its positions the same.

EQUIMULTIPLE
E`qui*mul"ti*ple, a. Etym: [Equi- + multiple: cf. F. équimultiple.]

Defn: Multiplied by the same number or quantity.

EQUIMULTIPLE
E`qui*mul"ti*ple, n. (Math.)

Defn: One of the products arising from the multiplication of two or more quantities by the same number or quantity. Thus, seven times 2, or 14, and seven times 4, or 28, are equimultiples of 2 and 4.

EQUINAL
E*qui"nal, a.

Defn: See Equine. "An equinal shape." Heywood.

EQUINE E"quine, a. Etym: [L. equinus, fr. equus horse; akin to Gr. a, OS. ehu, AS. eh, eoh, Icel. j, OIr. ech, cf. Skr. a to reach, overtake, perh. akin to E. acute, edge, eager, a. Cf. Hippopotamus.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a horse. The shoulders, body, things, and mane are equine; the head completely bovine. Sir J. Barrow.

EQUINIA
E*quin"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Equine.] (Med.)

Defn: Glanders.

EQUINOCTIAL E`qui*noc"tial, a. Etym: [L. aequinoctials, fr. aequinoctium equinox: cf. F. équinoxial. See Equinox.]

1. Pertaining to an equinox, or the equinoxes, or to the time of equal day and night; as, the equinoctial line.

2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or equator; in or near that line; as, equinoctial heat; an equinoctial sun.

3. Pertaining to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points; as, an equinoctial gale or storm, that is, one happening at or near the time of the equinox, in any part of the world. Equinoctial colure (Astron.), the meridian passing through the equinoctial points. — Equinoctial line (Astron.), the celestial equator; — so called because when the sun is on it, the nights and days are of equal length in all parts of the world. See Equator. Thrice the equinoctial line He circled. Milton. - Equinoctial points (Astron.), the two points where the celestial and ecliptic intersect each other; the one being in the first point of Aries, the other in the first point of Libra. — Equinoctial time (Astron.) reckoned in any year from the instant when the mean sun is at the mean vernal equinoctial point.

EQUINOCTIAL
E`qui*noc"tial, n.

Defn: The equinoctial line.

EQUINOCTIALLY
E`qui*noc"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: Towards the equinox.

EQUINOX
E"qui*nox, n. Etym: [OE. equinoxium, equenoxium, L. aequinoctium;
aequus equal + nox, noctis, night: cf. F. équinoxe. See Equal, and
Night.]

1. The time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, that is, about March 21 and September 22. See Autumnal equinox, Vernal equinox, under Autumnal and Vernal. When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Stormwind of the equinox. Longfellow.

2. Equinoctial wind or storm. [R.] Dryden.

EQUINUMERANT E`qui*nu"mer*ant, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. numerans, p. pr. of numerare to number.]

Defn: Equal as to number. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

EQUIP E*quip", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Equipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Equipping.] Etym: [F. équiper to supply, fit out, orig. said of a ship, OF. esquiper to embark; of German origin; cf. OHG. scif, G. schiff, Icel. skip, AS. scip. See Ship.]

1. To furnish for service, or against a need or exigency; to fit out; to supply with whatever is necessary to efficient action in any way; to provide with arms or an armament, stores, munitions, rigging, etc.; — said esp. of ships and of troops. Dryden. Gave orders for equipping a considerable fleet. Ludlow.

2. To dress up; to array; accouter. The country are led astray in following the town, and equipped in a ridiculous habit, when they fancy themselves in the height of the mode. Addison.

EQUIPAGE
Eq"ui*page (; 48), n. Etym: [F. équipage, fr. équiper. See Equip.]

1. Furniture or outfit, whether useful or ornamental; especially, the furniture and supplies of a vessel, fitting her for a voyage or for warlike purposes, or the furniture and necessaries of an army, a body of troops, or a single soldier, including whatever is necessary for efficient service; equipments; accouterments; habiliments; attire. Did their exercises on horseback with noble equipage. Evelyn. First strip off all her equipage of Pride. Pope.

2. Retinue; train; suite. Swift.

3. A carriage of state or of pleasure with all that accompanies it, as horses, liveried servants, etc., a showy turn-out. The rumbling equipages of fashion . . . were unknown in the settlement of New Amsterdam. W. Irving.

EQUIPAGED
Eq"ui*paged, a.

Defn: Furnished with equipage.
Well dressed, well bred. Well equipaged, is ticket good enough.
Cowper.

EQUIPARABLE
E*quip"a*ra*ble a. Etym: [L. aequiparabilis.]

Defn: Comparable. [Obs. or R.]

EQUIPARATE
E*quip"a*rate v. t. Etym: [L. aequiparatus, p. p. of aequiparare.]

Defn: To compare. [R.]

EQUIPEDAL
E*quip"e*dal, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Equal-footed; having the pairs of feet equal.

EQUIPENDENCY
E`qui*pend"en*cy, n. Etym: [Equi- + pendency.]

Defn: The act or condition of hanging in equipoise; not inclined or determined either way. South.

EQUIPENSATE E`qui*pen"sate, v. t. Etym: [Equi- + pensatus, p. p. of pensare to weigh. Cf. Equipoise.]

Defn: To weigh equally; to esteem alike. [Obs.]

EQUIPMENT
E*quip"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. équipement. See Equip.]

1. The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition. Burke. The equipment of the fleet was hastened by De Witt. Hume.

2. Whatever is used in equipping; necessaries for an expedition or voyage; the collective designation for the articles comprising an outfit; equipage; as, a railroad equipment (locomotives, cars, etc. ; for carrying on business); horse equipments; infantry equipments; naval equipments; laboratory equipments. Armed and dight, In the equipments of a knight. Longfellow.

EQUIPOISE
E"qui*poise, n. Etym: [Equi- + poise.]

1. Equality of weight or force; hence, equilibrium; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced, and hence equal; state of being equally balanced; — said of moral, political, or social interests or forces. The means of preserving the equipoise and the tranquillity of the commonwealth. Burke. Our little lives are kept in equipoise By opposite attractions and desires. Longfellow.

2. Counterpoise. The equipoise to the clergy being removed. Buckle.

EQUIPOLLENCE; EQUIPOLLENCY
E`qui*pol"lence, E`qui*pol"len*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. équipollence. See
Equipollent.]

1. Equality of power, force, signification, or application. Boyle.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Sameness of signification of two or more propositions which differ in language.

EQUIPOLLENT E`qui*pol"lent, a. Etym: [L. aequipollens; aequus equal + pollens, - entis, p. pr. of pollere to be strong, able: cf. F. équipollent.]

1. Having equal power or force; equivalent. Bacon.

2. (Logic)

Defn: Having equivalent signification and reach; expressing the same thing, but differently.

EQUIPOLLENTLY
E`qui*pol"lent*ly, adv.

Defn: With equal power. Barrow.

EQUIPONDERANCE; EQUIPONDERANCY E`qui*pon"der*ance, E`qui*pon"der*an*cy, n. Etym: [Equi- + ponderance: cf. F. équipondérance.]

Defn: Equality of weight; equipoise.

EQUIPONDERANT
E`qui*pon"der*ant, a. Etym: [Cf. F. équipondérant.]

Defn: Being of the same weight.
A column of air . . . equiponderant to a column of quicksilver.
Locke.

EQUIPONDERATE
E`qui*pon"der*ate, v. i. Etym: [Equi- + L. ponderare to weigh. See
Ponderate.]

Defn: To be equal in weight; to weigh as much as another thing. Bp.
Wilkins.

EQUIPONDERATE
E`qui*pon"der*ate, v. t.

Defn: To make equal in weight; to counterbalance. "More than equiponderated the declension in that direction." De Quincey.

EQUIPONDEROUS
E`qui*pon"der*ous, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. pondus, ponderis, weight.]

Defn: Having equal weight. Bailey.

EQUIPONDIOUS E`qui*pon"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. aequipondium an equal weight; aequus equal + pondus weight.]

Defn: Of equal weight on both sides; balanced. [Obs.] Glanvill.

EQUIPOTENTIAL
E`qui*po*ten"tial, a. Etym: [Equi- + potential.] (Mech. & Physics)

Defn: Having the same potential. Equipotential surface, a surface for which the potential is for all points of the surface constant. Level surfaces on the earth are equipotential.

EQUIRADICAL
E`qui*rad"i*cal a. Etym: [Equi- + radical.]

Defn: Equally radical. [R.] Coleridge.

EQUIROTAL
E`qui*ro"tal, a. Etym: [Equi- + L. rota wheel.]

Defn: Having wheels of the same size or diameter; having equal rotation. [R.]

EQUISETACEOUS
E`qui*se*ta"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Equisetaceæ, or Horsetail family.

EQUISETIFORM
E`qui*set"i*form, a. Etym: [Equisetum- + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of the equisetum.

EQUISETUM Eq`ui*se"tum, n.; pl. Equiseta. Etym: [L., the horsetail, fr. equus horse + seta a thick,, stiff hair, bristle.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of vascular, cryptogamic, herbaceous plants; — also called horsetails.

Note: The Equiseta have hollow jointed stems and no true leaves. The cuticle often contains siliceous granules, so that one species (E. hyemale) is used for scouring and polishing, under the name of Dutch rush or scouring rush.

EQUISONANCE E*quis"o*nance, n. Etym: [Equi- + L. sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound: cf. F. équisonnance. See Sonant.] (Mus.)

Defn: An equal sounding; the consonance of the unison and its octaves.

EQUISONANT
E*quis"o*nant a.

Defn: Of the same or like sound.

EQUITABLE
Eq"ui*ta*ble, a. Etym: [F. équitable, from équité. See Equity.]

1. Possessing or exhibiting equity; according to natural right or natural justice; marked by a due consideration for what is fair, unbiased, or impartial; just; as an equitable decision; an equitable distribution of an estate; equitable men. No two . . . had exactly the same notion of what was equitable. Macaulay.

2. (Law)

Defn: That can be sustained or made available or effective in a court of equity, or upon principles of equity jurisprudence; as, an equitable estate; equitable assets, assignment, mortgage, etc. Abbott.

Syn. — Just; fair; reasonable; right; honest; impartial; candid; upright.

EQUITABLENESS
Eq"ui*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being equitable, just, or impartial; as, the equitableness of a judge, a decision, or distribution of property.

EQUITABLY
Eq"ui*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In an equitable manner; justly; as, the laws should be equitably administered.

EQUITANCY
Eq"ui*tan*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. equitantia. See Equitant.]

Defn: Horsemanship.

EQUITANT Eq"ui*tant, a. Etym: [L. equitans, -antis, p. pr. of equitare to ride, fr. eques horseman, fr. equus horse.]

1. Mounted on, or sitting upon, a horse; riding on horseback.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Overlapping each other; — said of leaves whose bases are folded so as to overlap and bestride the leaves within or above them, as in the iris.

EQUITATION Eq`ui*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. equitatio, fr. equitare: cf. F. équitation.]

Defn: A riding, or the act of riding, on horseback; horsemanship.
The pretender to equitation mounted. W. Irving.

EQUITEMPORANEOUS E`qui*tem`po*ra"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. aequus equal + tempus, temporis, time.]

Defn: Contemporaneous. [Obs.] Boyle.

EQUITES
Eq"ui*tes n. pl Etym: [L., pl. of eques a horseman.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An order of knights holding a middle place between the senate and the commonalty; members of the Roman equestrian order.

EQUITY Eq"ui*ty, n.; pl. Equities. Etym: [F. équité, L. aequitas, fr. aequus even, equal. See Equal.]

1. Equality of rights; natural justice or right; the giving, or desiring to give, to each man his due, according to reason, and the law of God to man; fairness in determination of conflicting claims; impartiality. Christianity secures both the private interests of men and the public peace, enforcing all justice and equity. Tillotson.

2. (Law)

Defn: An equitable claim; an equity of redemption; as, an equity to a
settlement, or wife's equity, etc.
I consider the wife's equity to be too well settled to be shaken.
Kent.

3. (Law)

Defn: A system of jurisprudence, supplemental to law, properly so called, and complemental of it. Equity had been gradually shaping itself into a refined science which no human faculties could master without long and intense application. Macaulay.

Note: Equitable jurisprudence in England and in the United States grew up from the inadequacy of common-law forms to secure justice in all cases; and this led to distinct courts by which equity was applied in the way of injunctions, bills of discovery, bills for specified performance, and other processes by which the merits of a case could be reached more summarily or more effectively than by common-law suits. By the recent English Judicature Act (1873), however, the English judges are bound to give effect, in common-law suits, to all equitable rights and remedies; and when the rules of equity and of common law, in any particular case, conflict, the rules of equity are to prevail. In many jurisdictions in the United States, equity and common law are thus blended; in others distinct equity tribunals are still maintained. See Chancery. Equity of redemption (Law), the advantage, allowed to a mortgageor, of a certain or reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged, after they have been forfeited at law by the nonpayment of the sum of money due on the mortgage at the appointed time. Blackstone.

Syn. — Right; justice; impartiality; rectitude; fairness; honesty; uprightness. See Justice.

EQUIVALENCE
E*quiv"a*lence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. équivalence, LL. aequivalentia.]

1. The condition of being equivalent or equal; equality of worth, value, signification, or force; as, an equivalence of definitions.

2. Equal power or force; equivalent amount.

3. (Chem.) (a) The quantity of the combining power of an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; the number of hydrogen atoms can combine with, or be exchanged for; valency. See Valence. (b) The degree of combining power as determined by relative weight. See Equivalent, n., 2. [R.]

EQUIVALENCE
E*quiv"a*lence, v. t.

Defn: To be equivalent or equal to; to counterbalance. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

EQUIVALENCY
E*quiv"a*len*cy, n.

Defn: Same as Equivalence.

EQUIVALENT E*quiv"a*lent, a. Etym: [L. aequivalens, -entis, p. pr. of aequivalere to have equal power; aequus equal + valere to be strong, be worth: cf. F. équivalent. See Equal, and Valiant.]

1. Equal in wortir or value, force, power, effect, import, and the like; alike in significance and value; of the same import or meaning. For now to serve and to minister, servile and ministerial, are terms equivalent. South.

2. (Geom.)

Defn: Equal in measure but not admitting of superposition; — applied to magnitudes; as, a square may be equivalent to a triangle.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Contemporaneous in origin; as, the equivalent strata of different countries.

EQUIVALENT
E*quiv"a*lent, n.

1. Something equivalent; that which is equal in value, worth, weight, or force; as, to offer an equivalent for damage done. He owned that, if the Test Act were repealed, the Protestants were entitled to some equivalent. . . . During some weeks the word equivalent, then lately imported from France, was in the mouths of all the coffeehouse. Macaulay.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: That comparative quantity by weight of an element which possesses the same chemical value as other elements, as determined by actual experiment and reference to the same standard. Specifically: (a) The comparative proportions by which one element replaces another in any particular compound; thus, as zinc replaces hydrogen in hydrochloric acid, their equivalents are 32.5 and 1. (b) The combining proportion by weight of a substance, or the number expressing this proportion, in any particular compound; as, the equivalents of hydrogen and oxygen in water are respectively 1 and 8, and in hydric dioxide 1 and 16.

Note: This term was adopted by Wollaston to avoid using the conjectural expression atomic weight, with which, however, for a time it was practically synonymous. The attempt to limit the term to the meaning of a universally comparative combining weight failed, because of the possibility of several compounds of the substances by reason of the variation in combining power which most elements exhibit. The equivalent was really identical with, or a multiple of submultiple of, the atomic weight.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining unit, whether an atom, a radical, or a molecule; as, in acid salt two or more equivalents of acid unite with one or more equivalents of base. Mechanical equivalent of heat (Physics), the number of units of work which the unit of heat can perform; the mechanical energy which must be expended to raise the temperature of a unit weight of water from 0º C. to 1º C., or from 32º F. to 33º F. The term was introduced by Dr. Mayer of Heilbronn. Its value was found by Joule to be 1390 foot pounds upon the Centigrade, or 772 foot pounds upon the Fahrenheit, thermometric scale, whence it is often called Joule's equivalent, and represented by the symbol J. This is equal to 424 kilogram meters (Centigrade scale). A more recent determination by Professor Rowland gives the value 426.9 kilogram meters, for the latitude of Baltimore.

EQUIVALENT
E*quiv"a*lent, v. t.

Defn: To make the equivalent to; to equal; equivalence. [R.]

EQUIVALENTLY
E*quiv"a*lent*ly, adv.

Defn: In an equal manner.

EQUIVALUE
E`qui*val"ue, v. t.

Defn: To put an equal value upon; to put (something) on a par with another thing. W. Taylor.

EQUIVALVE; EQUIVALVED
E"qui*valve, E"qui*valved, a. Etym: [Equi- + valve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the valves equal in size and from, as in most bivalve shells.

EQUIVALVULAR
E`qui*val"vu*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Equivalve or Equivalved.

EQUIVOCACY
E*quiv"o*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Equivocalness.

EQUIVOCAL E*quiv"o*cal, a. Etym: [L. aequivocus: aequus equal + vox, vocis, word. See Equal, and Voice, and cf. Equivoque.]

1. (Literally, called equally one thing or the other; hence:) Having two significations equally applicable; capable of double interpretation; of doubtful meaning; ambiguous; uncertain; as, equivocal words; an equivocal sentence. For the beauties of Shakespeare are not of so dim or equivocal a nature as to be visible only to learned eyes. Jeffrey.

2. Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be suspected; as, his actions are equivocal. "Equivocal repentances." Milton.

3. Uncertain, as an indication or sign; doubtful. "How equivocal a test." Burke. Equivocal chord (Mus.), a chord which can be resolved into several distinct keys; one whose intervals, being all minor thirds, do not clearly indicate its fundamental tone or root; the chord of the diminished triad, and the diminished seventh.

Syn. — Ambiguous; doubtful; uncertain; indeterminate. — Equivocal, Ambiguous. We call an expression ambiguous when it has one general meaning, and yet contains certain words which may be taken in two different senses; or certain clauses which can be so connected with other clauses as to divide the mind between different views of part of the meaning intended. We call an expression equivocal when, taken as a whole, it conveys a given thought with perfect clearness and propriety, and also another thought with equal propriety and clearness. Such were the responses often given by the Delphic oracle; as that to Crambiguous is a mere blunder of language; what is equivocal is usually intended to deceive, though it may occur at times from mere inadvertence. Equivocation is applied only to cases where there is a design to deceive.

EQUIVOCAL
E*quiv"o*cal, n.

Defn: A word or expression capable of different meanings; an ambiguous term; an equivoque. In languages of great ductility, equivocals like that just referred to are rarely found. Fitzed. Hall.

EQUIVOCALLY
E*quiv"o*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an equivocal manner.

EQUIVOCALNESS
E*quiv"o*cal*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being equivocal.

EQUIVOCATE
E*quiv"o*cate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Equivocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Equivocating.] Etym: [L. aequivocatus, p. p. of aequivocari to be
called by the same name, fr. L. aequivocus: cf. F. équivoquer. See
Equivocal, a.]

Defn: To use words of equivocal or doubtful signification; to express one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses, with intent to deceive; to use ambiguous expressions with a view to mislead; as, to equivocate is the work of duplicity. All that Garnet had to say for him was that he supposed he meant to equivocate. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Syn.
— To prevaricate; evade; shuffle; quibble. See Prevaricate.

EQUIVOCATE
E*quiv"o*cate, v. t.

Defn: To render equivocal or ambiguous.
He equivocated his vow by a mental reservation. Sir G. Buck.

EQUIVOCATION
E*quiv`o*ca"tion, n.

Defn: The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, with a purpose to mislead. There being no room for equivocations, there is no need of distinctions. Locke.

Syn.
— Prevarication; ambiguity; shuffling; evasion; guibbling. See
Equivocal, a., and Prevaricate, v. i.

EQUIVOCATOR
E*quiv"o*ca`tor, n.

Defn: One who equivocates. Here's an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Shak.

EQUIVOCATORY
E*quiv"o*ca*to*ry, a.

Defn: Indicating, or characterized by, equivocation.

EQUIVOQUE; EQUIVOKE
Eq"ui*voque, Eq"ui*voke, n. Etym: [F. équivoque. See Equivocal.]

1. An ambiguous term; a word susceptible of different significations. Coleridge.

2. An equivocation; a guibble. B. Jonson.

EQUIVOROUS
E*quiv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. equus horse + vorare to eat greedily.]

Defn: Feeding on horseflesh; as, equivorous Tartars.

EQUUS
E"quus, n. Etym: [L., horse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of mammals, including the horse, ass, etc.

-ER -er

Defn: .

1. Etym: [AS. -ere; akin to L. -arius.]

Defn: The termination of many English words, denoting the agent; —
applied either to men or things; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater.
At the end of names of places, -er signifies a man of the place; as,
Londoner, i. e., London man.

2. Etym: [AS. -ra; akin to G. -er, Icel. -are, -re, Goth. -iza, -, L. -ior, Gr. -iyas.]

Defn: A suffix used to form the comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; as, warmer, sooner, lat(e)er, earl(y)ier.

ERA
E"ra, n.; pl. Eras. Etym: [LL. aera an era, in earlier usage, the
items of an account, counters, pl. of aes, aeris, brass, money. See
Ore.]

1. A fixed point of time, usually an epoch, from which a series of years is reckoned. The foundation of Solomon's temple is conjectured by Ideler to have been an era. R. S. Poole.

2. A period of time reckoned from some particular date or epoch; a succession of years dating from some important event; as, the era of Alexander; the era of Christ, or the Christian era (see under Christian). The first century of our era. M. Arnold.

3. A period of time in which a new order of things prevails; a signal
stage of history; an epoch.
Painting may truly be said to have opened the new era of culture. J.
A. Symonds.

Syn.
— Epoch; time; date; period; age; dispensation. See Epoch.

ERADIATE
E*ra"di*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Eradiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eradiating.] Etym: [Pref. e- + radiate.]

Defn: To shoot forth, as rays of light; to beam; to radiate. Dr. H.
More.

ERADIATION
E*ra`di*a"tion, n.

Defn: Emission of radiance.

ERADICABLE
E*rad"i*ca*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being eradicated.

ERADICATE
E*rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eradicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eradicating.] Etym: [L. eradicatus, p. p. of eradicare to eradicate;
e out + radix, radicis, root. See Radical.]

1. To pluck up by the roots; to root up; as, an oak tree eradicated.

2. To root out; to destroy utterly; to extirpate; as, to eradicate diseases, or errors. This, although now an old an inveterate evil, might be eradicated by vigorous treatment. Southey.

Syn.
— To extirpate; root out; exterminate; destroy; annihilate.

ERADICATION
E*rad`i*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. eradicatio: cf. F. éradication.]

1. The act of plucking up by the roots; a rooting out; extirpation; utter destruction.

2. The state of being plucked up by the roots.

ERADICATIVE
E*rad"i*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. éradicatif.]

Defn: Tending or serving to eradicate; curing or destroying thoroughly, as a disease or any evil.

ERADICATIVE
E*rad"i*ca*tive, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine that effects a radical cure. Whitlock.

ERASABLE
E*ras"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being erased.

ERASE
E*rase", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erased; p. pr. & vb. n.. Erasing.] Etym:
[L. erasus, p. p. of eradere to erase; e out + radere to scrape,
scratch, shave. See Rase.]

1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved, or painted; to efface; to expunge; to cross out; as, to erase a word or a name.

2. Fig.: To obliterate; to expunge; to blot out; — used of ideas in the mind or memory. Burke.

ERASED
E*rased", p. pr. & a.

1. Rubbed or scraped out; effaced; obliterated.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Represented with jagged and uneven edges, as is torn off; — used esp. of the head or limb of a beast. Cf. Couped.

ERASEMENT
E*rase"ment, n.

Defn: The act of erasing; a rubbing out; expunction; obliteration.
Johnson.

ERASER
E*ras"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, erases; esp., a sharp instrument or a piece of rubber used to erase writings, drawings, etc.

ERASION
E*ra"sion, n.

Defn: The act of erasing; a rubbing out; obliteration.

ERASTIAN
E*ras"tian, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of the followers of Thomas Erastus, a German physician and theologian of the 16th century. He held that the punishment of all offenses should be referred to the civil power, and that holy communion was open to all. In the present day, an Erastian is one who would see the church placed entirely under the control of the State. Shipley.

ERASTIANISM
E*ras"tian*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The principles of the Erastains.

ERASURE
E*ra"sure, n. Etym: [From Erase.]

Defn: The act of erasing; a scratching out; obliteration.

ERATIVE
Er"a*tive, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Muse Erato who presided over amatory poetry.
Stormonth.

ERATO
Er"a*to, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: The Muse who presided over lyric and amatory poetry.

ERBIUM Er"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL. from Ytterby, in Sweden, where gadolinite is found. Cf. Terbium, Yttrium, Ytterbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare metallic element associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden. Symbol Er. Atomic weight 165.9. Its salts are rose-colored and give characteristic spectra. Its sesquioxide is called erbia.

ERCEDEKEN Er`ce*de"ken, n. Etym: [OE., fr. pref. erce- = archi- + deken a deacon.]

Defn: An archdeacon. [Obs.]

ERD
Erd, n. Etym: [OE. erd, eard, earth, land, country, AS. eard; akin to
OS. ard dwelling place, OHG. art plowing, tillage, Icel. öredh crop,
and to L. arare to plow, E. ear to plow.]

Defn: The earth. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Erd shrew (Zoöl.), the common
European shrew (Sorex vulgaris); the shrewmouse.

ERE
Ere, prep. & adv. Etym: [AS. , prep., adv., & conj.; akin to OS.,
OFries., & OHG. , G. eher, D. eer, Icel. ar, Goth. air. sq. root204.
Cf. Early, Erst, Or, adv.]

1. Before; sooner than. [Archaic or Poetic]
Myself was stirring ere the break of day. Shak.
Ere sails were spread new oceans to explore. Dryden.
Sir, come down ere my child die. John iv. 49.

2. Rather than.
I will be thrown into Etna, . . . ere I will leave her. Shak.
Ere long, before, shortly. Shak.
— Ere now, formerly, heretofore. Shak.
— Ere that, and Or are. Same as Ere. Shak.

ERE
Ere, v. t.

Defn: To plow. [Obs.] See Ear, v. t. Chaucer.

EREBUS
Er"e*bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: A place of nether darkness, being the gloomy space through which the souls passed to Hades. See Milton's "Paradise Lost," Book II., line 883.

2. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: The son of Chaos and brother of Nox, who dwelt in Erebus.
To the infernal deep, with Erebus and tortures vile. Shak.

ERECT E*rect", a. Etym: [L. erectus, p. p. of erigere to erect; e out + regere to lead straight. See Right, and cf. Alert.]

1. Upright, or having a vertical position; not inverted; not leaning or bent; not prone; as, to stand erect. Two of far nobler shape, erect and tall. Milton. Among the Greek colonies and churches of Asia, Philadelphia is still erect — a column of ruins. Gibbon.

2. Directed upward; raised; uplifted. His piercing eyes, erect, appear to view Superior worlds, and look all nature through. Pope.

3. Bold; confident; free from depression; undismayed. But who is he, by years Bowed, but erect in heart Keble.

4. Watchful; alert. Vigilant and erect attention of mind. Hooker.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Standing upright, with reference to the earth's surface, or to the surface to which it is attached.

6. (Her.)

Defn: Elevated, as the tips of wings, heads of serpents, etc.

ERECT
E*rect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erected; p. pr. & vb. n. Erecting.]

1. To raise and place in an upright or perpendicular position; to set upright; to raise; as, to erect a pole, a flagstaff, a monument, etc.

2. To raise, as a building; to build; to construct; as, to erect a house or a fort; to set up; to put together the component parts of, as of a machine.

3. To lift up; to elevate; to exalt; to magnify. That didst his state above his hopes erect. Daniel. I, who am a party, am not to erect myself into a judge. Dryden.

4. To animate; to encourage; to cheer. It raiseth the dropping spirit, erecting it to a loving complaisance. Barrow.

5. To set up as an assertion or consequence from premises, or the like. "To erect conclusions." Sir T. Browne. "Malebranche erects this proposition." Locke.

6. To set up or establish; to found; to form; to institute. "To erect a new commonwealth." Hooker. Erecting shop (Mach.), a place where large machines, as engines, are put together and adjusted.

Syn. — To set up; raise; elevate; construct; build; institute; establish; found.

ERECT
E*rect", v. i.

Defn: To rise upright. [Obs.]
By wet, stalks do erect. Bacon.

ERECTABLE
E*rect"a*ble a.

Defn: Capable of being erected; as, an erectable feather. Col. G.
Montagu.

ERECTER
E*rect"er, n.

Defn: An erector; one who raises or builds.

ERECTILE
E*rect"ile, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érectile.]

Defn: Capable of being erected; susceptible of being erected of dilated. Erectile tissue (Anat.), a tissue which is capable of being greatly dilated and made rigid by the distension of the numerous blood vessels which it contains.

ERECTILITY
E`rec*til"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being erectile.

ERECTION
E*rec"tion, n. Etym: [L. erectio: cf. F. érection.]

1. The act of erecting, or raising upright; the act of constructing, as a building or a wall, or of fitting together the parts of, as a machine; the act of founding or establishing, as a commonwealth or an office; also, the act of rousing to excitement or courage.

2. The state of being erected, lifted up, built, established, or founded; exaltation of feelings or purposes. Her peerless height my mind to high erection draws up. Sidney

3. State of being stretched to stiffness; tension.

4. Anything erected; a building of any kind.

5. (Physiol.)

Defn: The state of a part which, from having been soft, has become hard and swollen by the accumulation of blood in the erectile tissue.

ERECTIVE
E*rect"ive, a.

Defn: Making erect or upright; raising; tending to erect.

ERECTLY
E*rect"ly, adv.

Defn: In an erect manner or posture.

ERECTNESS
E*rect"ness, n.

Defn: Uprightness of posture or form.

ERECTO-PATENT
E*rec"to-pat"ent, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Having a position intermediate between erect and patent, or spreading.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Standing partially spread and erect; — said of the wings of certain insects.

ERECTOR
E*rec"tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, erects.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A muscle which raises any part.

3. (Physics)

Defn: An attachment to a microscope, telescope, or other optical instrument, for making the image erect instead of inverted.

ERELONG
Ere`long", adv.

Defn: Before the ere long.
A man, . . . following the stag, erelong slew him. Spenser.
The world, erelong, a world of tears must weep. Milton.

EREMACAUSIS
Er`e*ma*cau"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in the decay of old trees or of dead animals.

EREMITAGE
Er"e*mit*age, n.

Defn: See Hermitage.

EREMITE
Er"e*mite, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit.
Thou art my heaven, and I thy eremite. Keats.

EREMITIC; EREMITICAL
Er`e*mit"ic, Er`e*mit"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an eremite; hermitical; living in solitude.
"An eremitical life in the woods." Fuller. "The eremitic instinct."
Lowell.

EREMITISH
Er"e*mi`tish, a.

Defn: Eremitic. Bp. Hall.

EREMITISM
Er"e*mit*ism, n.

Defn: The state of a hermit; a living in seclusion from social life.

EREPTATION E`rep*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. erepere to creep out; e out + repere to creep.]

Defn: A creeping forth. [Obs.]

EREPTION E*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. ereptio, fr. eripere to snatch away; e out + rapere to snatch.]

Defn: A snatching away. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ERETHISM
Er"e*thism, n. Etym: [Gr. éréthisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid degree of excitement or irritation in an organ.
Hoblyn.

ERETHISTIC
Er`e*this"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to erethism.

EREWHILE; EREWHILES
Ere`while", Ere`whiles", adv.

Defn: Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore. [Archaic]
I am as fair now as I was erewhile. Shak.

ERF
Erf, n.; pl. Erven. Etym: [D.]

Defn: A garden plot, usually about half an acre. [Cape Colony]

ERG
Erg, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: The unit of work or energy in the C. G. S. system, being the amount of work done by a dyne working through a distance of one centimeter; the amount of energy expended in moving a body one centimeter against a force of one dyne. One foot pound is equal to 13,560,000 ergs.

ERGAL
Er"gal, n. [G., fr. Gr. work.] (Physics)

Defn: Potential energy; negative value of the force function.

ERGAT
Er"gat, v. t. Etym: [L. ergo therefore.]

Defn: To deduce logically, as conclusions. [Obs.] Hewyt.

ERGMETER
Erg"me`ter, n. [Erg + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring energy in ergs.

ERGO
Er"go, conj. or adv. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Therefore; consequently; — often used in a jocular way. Shak.

ERGOGRAPH
Er"go*graph, n. [Gr. work + -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring and recording the work done by a single muscle or set of muscles, the rate of fatigue, etc. — Er`go*graph"ic (#), a.

ERGOMETER
Er*gom"e*ter, n. [Gr. work + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: A device for measuring, or an instrument for indicating, energy expended or work done; a dynamometer. — Er`go*met"ric (#), a.

ERGON Er"gon, n. [NL., fr. Gr. work.] (Physics) (a) Work, measured in terms of the quantity of heat to which it is equivalent. (b) = Erg.

ERGOT
Er"got, n. Etym: [F. ergot, argot, lit., a spur.]

1. A diseased condition of rye and other cereals, in which the grains become black, and often spur-shaped. It is caused by a parasitic fungus, Claviceps purpurea.

2. The mycelium or spawn of this fungus infecting grains of rye and wheat. It is a powerful remedial agent, and also a dangerous poison, and is used as a means of hastening childbirth, and to arrest bleeding.

3. (Far.)

Defn: A stub, like soft horn, about the size of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: See 2d Calcar, 3 (b).

ERGOTIC
Er*got"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, ergot; as, ergotic acid.

ERGOTIN
Er"go*tin, n. (Med.)

Defn: An extract made from ergot.

ERGOTINE
Er"go*tine. (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful astringent alkaloid extracted from ergot as a brown, amorphous, bitter substance. It is used to produce contraction of the uterus.

ERGOTISM
Er"go*tism, n. Etym: [F. ergotisme, fr. L. ergo.]

Defn: A logical deduction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

ERGOTISM
Er"got*ism, n. Etym: [From Ergot, n.; cf. F. ergotisme.] (Med.)

Defn: A diseased condition produced by eating rye affected with the ergot fungus.

ERGOTIZED
Er"got*ized, a.

Defn: Affected with the ergot fungus; as, ergotized rye.

ERIACH; ERIC
Er"i*ach, Er"ic, n. Etym: [Ir. eiric.] (Old Irish Law)

Defn: A recompense formerly given by a murderer to the relatives of the murdered person.

ERICA
E*ri"ca, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. erice heath, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubby plants, including the heaths, many of them producing beautiful flowers.

ERICACEOUS
Er`i*ca"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Belonging to the Heath family, or resembling plants of that family; consisting of heats.

ERICINOL E*ric"i*nol, n. Etym: [NL. ericaceae the Heath family + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oil (quickly becoming brown), with a pleasant odor, obtained by the decomposition of ericolin.

ERICIUS
E*ri"ci*us, n. Etym: [L., a hedgehog.]

Defn: The Vulgate rendering of the Hebrew word qipod, which in the
"Authorized Version" is translated bittern, and in the Revised
Version, porcupine.
I will make it [Babylon] a possession for the ericius and pools of
waters. Is. xiv. 23 (Douay version).

ERICOLIN
E*ric"o*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the bearberry (and others of the
Ericaceæ), and extracted as a bitter, yellow, amorphous mass.

ERIDANUS
E*rid"a*nus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A long, winding constellation extending southward from Taurus and containing the bright star Achernar.

ERIGIBLE
Er"i*gi*ble, a. Etym: [See Erect.]

Defn: Capable of being erected. [Obs.]

ERIN
E"rin, n. Etym: [Ir. Cf. Aryan.]

Defn: An early, and now a poetic, name of Ireland.

ERINACEOUS
Er`i*na"ceous, a. Etym: [L. erinaceus hedgehog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of the Hedgehog family; like, or characteristic of, a hedgehog.

ERINGO
E*rin"go, n.

Defn: The sea holly. See Eryngo.

ERINITE
Er"i*nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arseniate of copper, of an emerald-green color; — so called from Erin, or Ireland, where it occurs.

ERINYS
E*rin"ys, n.; pl. Erinyes. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: An avenging deity; one of the Furies; sometimes, conscience personified. [Written also Erinnys.]

ERIOMETER
E`ri*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Opt.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the diameters of minute particles or fibers, from the size of the colored rings produced by the diffraction of the light in which the objects are viewed.

ERISTALIS
E*ris"ta*lis, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of dipterous insects whose young (called rat-tailed larvæ) are remarkable for their long tapering tail, which spiracles at the tip, and for their ability to live in very impure and salt waters; — also called drone fly.

ERISTIC; ERISTICAL
E*ris"tic, E*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Controversial. [Archaic] A specimen of admirable special pleading in the court of eristic logic. Coleridge.

ERKE
Erke, a. Etym: [Cf. Irk.]

Defn: ASlothful. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ERLKING
Erl"king`, n. Etym: [G. erlkönig, fr. Dan. ellekonge elfking.]

Defn: A personification, in German and Scandinavian mythology, of a spirit natural power supposed to work mischief and ruin, esp. to children.

ERME
Erme, v. i. Etym: [OE. ermen, AS. yrman. Cf. Yearn.]

Defn: To grieve; to feel sad. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERMELIN; ERMILIN
Er"me*lin, Er"mi*lin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ermine. Shenstone.

ERMIN
Er"min, n. Etym: [OF. Ermin, L. Armenius.]

Defn: An Armenian. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERMINE Er"mine, n. Etym: [OF. ermine, F. hermine, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. harmo, G. hermelin, akin to Lith. szarm, szarmonys, weasel, cf. AS. hearma; but cf. also LL. armelinus, armellina, hermellina, and pellis Armenia, the fur of the Armenian rat, mus Armenius, the animal being found also in Armenia.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A valuable fur-bearing animal of the genus Mustela (M. erminea), allied to the weasel; the stoat. It is found in the northern parts of Asia, Europe, and America. In summer it is brown, but in winter it becomes white, except the tip of the tail, which is always black.

2. The fur of the ermine, as prepared for ornamenting garments of royalty, etc., by having the tips of the tails, which are black, arranged at regular intervals throughout the white.

3. By metonymy, the office or functions of a judge, whose state robe, lined with ermine, is emblematical of purity and honor without stain. Chatham.

4. (Her.)

Defn: One of the furs. See Fur (Her.)

Note: Ermine is represented by an argent field, tufted with black. Ermines is the reverse of ermine, being black, spotted or timbered with argent. Erminois is the same as ermine, except that or is substituted for argent. Ermine moth (Zoöl.), a white moth with black spots (esp. Yponomeuta padella of Europe); — so called on account of the resemblance of its covering to the fur of the ermine; also applied to certain white bombycid moths of America.

ERMINE
Er"mine, v. t.

Defn: To clothe with, or as with, ermine.
The snows that have ermined it in the winter. Lowell.

ERMINED
Er"mined, a.

Defn: Clothed or adorned with the fur of the ermine. Pope.

ERMINES; ERMINOIS
Er"mines, n., Er"min*ois (, n. (Her.)

Defn: See Note under Ermine, n., 4.

ERMIT
Er"mit, n. Etym: [See Hermit.]

Defn: A hermit. [Obs.]

ERN; ERNE
Ern, Erne, n. Etym: [AS. earn eagle; akin to D. arend, OHG. aro, G.
aar, Icel., Sw., & Dan. örn, Goth. ara, and to Gr. Ornithology.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea eagle, esp. the European white-tailed sea eagle
(Haliæetus albicilla).

ERN
Ern, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Erme.]

Defn: To stir with strong emotion; to grieve; to mourn.

Note: [Corrupted into yearn in modern editions of Shakespeare.]
[Obs.]

ERNEST
Er"nest, n.

Defn: See Earnest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERNESTFUL
Er"nest*ful, a. Etym: [See Earnest, a.]

Defn: Serious. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ERODE
E*rode", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eroded; p. pr. & vb. n. Eroding.] Etym:
[L. erodere, erosum; e out + rodere to gnaw. See Rodent.]

Defn: To eat into or away; to corrode; as, canker erodes the flesh.
"The blood . . . erodes the vessels." Wiseman.
The smaller charge is more apt to . . . erode the gun. Am. Cyc.

ERODED
E*rod"ed, p. p. & a.

1. Eaten away; gnawed; irregular, as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the edge worn away so as to be jagged or irregularly toothed.

ERODENT
E*rod"ent, n. Etym: [L. erodens, -entis, p. pr. of erodere. See
Erode.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which eats away extraneous growths; a caustic.

EROGATE
Er"o*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Erogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Erogating.]
Etym: [L. erogatus, p. p. of erogare; e out + rogare to ask.]

Defn: To lay out, as money; to deal out; to expend. [Obs.]

EROGATION
Er`o*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. erogatio.]

Defn: The act of giving out or bestowing. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

EROS
E"ros, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: Love; the god of love; — by earlier writers represented as one of the first and creative gods, by later writers as the son of Aphrodite, equivalent to the Latin god Cupid.

EROSE
E*rose", a. Etym: [L. erosus, p. p. See Erode.]

1. Irregular or uneven as if eaten or worn away.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Jagged or irregularly toothed, as if nibbled out or gnawed.
— E*rose"ly, adv.

EROSION
E*ro"sion, n. Etym: [L. erosio. See Erode.]

1. The act or operation of eroding or eating away.

2. The state of being eaten away; corrosion; canker.

EROSIVE
E*ro"sive, a.

Defn: That erodes or gradually eats away; tending to erode; corrosive. Humble.

EROSTRATE
E*ros"trate, a. Etym: [Pref. e- out + rostrate.] (Bot.)

Defn: Without a beak.

EROTEME
Er"o*teme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mark indicating a question; a note of interrogation.

EROTESIS
Er`o*te"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure o Must I give way and room to your rash choler Shall I be frighted when a madman stares Shak.

EROTIC; EROTICAL
E*rot"ic, E*rot"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. érotique. See Eros.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the passion of love; treating of love; amatory.

EROTIC
E*rot"ic, n.

Defn: An amorous composition or poem.

EROTICISM
E*rot"i*cism, n.

Defn: Erotic quality.

ERPETOLOGIST
Er`pe*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: Herpetologist.

ERPETOLOGY
Er`pe*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. erpétologie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Herpetology.

ERR Err, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Erred; p. pr. & vb. n. Erring (; 277, 85).] Etym: [F. errer, L. errare; akin to G. irren, OHG. irran, v. t., irr, v. i., OS. irrien, Sw. irra, Dan. irre, Goth, aírzjan to lead astray, airzise astray.]

1. To wander; to roam; to stray. [Archaic] "Why wilt thou err from me" Keble. What seemeth to you, if there were to a man an hundred sheep and one of them hath erred. Wyclif (Matt. xviii. 12).

2. To deviate from the true course; to miss the thing aimed at. "My jealous aim might err." Shak.

3. To miss intellectual truth; to fall into error; to mistake in judgment or opinion; to be mistaken. The man may err in his judgment of circumstances. Tillotson.

4. To deviate morally from the right way; to go astray, in a figurative sense; to do wrong; to sin. Do they not err that devise evil Prov. xiv. 22.

5. To offend, as by erring.

ERRABLE
Er"ra*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to error; fallible.

ERRABLENESS
Er"ra*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Liability to error. Dr. H. More.

ERRABUND
Er"ra*bund, a. Etym: [L. errabundus.]

Defn: Erratic. "Errabund guesses." Southey.

ERRANCY
Er"ran*cy, n. Etym: [L. errantia.]

Defn: A wandering; state of being in error.

ERRAND Er"rand, n. Etym: [OE. erende, erande, message, business, AS. ærende, ærend; akin to OS. arundi, OHG. arunti, Icel. eyrendi, örendi, erendi, Sw. ärende, Dan. ærende; perh. akin to AS. earu swift, Icel. örr, and to L. oriri to rise, E. orient.]

Defn: A special business intrusted to a messenger; something to be told or done by one sent somewhere for the purpose; often, a verbal message; a commission; as, the servant was sent on an errand; to do an errand. Also, one's purpose in going anywhere. I have a secret errand to thee, O king. Judg. iii. 19. I will not eat till I have told mine errand. Gen. xxiv. 33. mission.

ERRANT Er"rant, a. Etym: [F. errant, p. pr. fr. OF. errer to travel, LL. iterare, fr. L. iter journey; confused somewhat with L. errare to err. See Eyre, and cf. Arrant, Itinerant.]

1. Wandering; deviating from an appointed course, or from a direct
path; roving.
Seven planets or errant stars in the lower orbs of heaven. Sir T.
Browne.

2. Notorious; notoriously bad; downright; arrant. Would make me an errant fool. B. Jonson.

3. (Eng. Law)

Defn: Journeying; itinerant; — formerly applied to judges who went on circuit and to bailiffs at large. Mozley & W.

ERRANT
Er"rant, n.

Defn: One who wanders about. [Obs.] Fuller.

ERRANTIA
Er*ran"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. errare to wander. See Err.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of chætopod annelids, including those that are not confined to tubes. See Chætopoda. [Written also Errantes.]

ERRANTRY
Er"rant*ry, n.

1. A wandering; a roving; esp., a roving in quest of adventures. Addison.

2. The employment of a knight-errant. Johnson.

ERRATA
Er*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Erratum.

ERRATIC Er*rat"ic, a. Etym: [L. erraticus, fr. errare to wander: cf. F. erratique. See Err.]

1. Having no certain course; roving about without a fixed destination; wandering; moving; — hence, applied to the planets as distinguished from the fixed stars. The earth and each erratic world. Blackmore.

2. Deviating from a wise of the common course in opinion or conduct; eccentric; strange; queer; as, erratic conduct.

3. Irregular; changeable. "Erratic fever." Harvey. Erratic blocks, gravel, etc. (Geol.), masses of stone which have been transported from their original resting places by the agency of water, ice, or other causes. — Erratic phenomena, the phenomena which relate to transported materials on the earth's surface.

ERRATIC
Er*rat"ic, n.

1. One who deviates from common and accepted opinions; one who is eccentric or preserve in his intellectual character.

2. A rogue. [Obs.] Cockeram.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Any stone or material that has been borne away from its original site by natural agencies; esp., a large block or fragment of rock; a bowlder.

Note: In the plural the term is applied especially to the loose gravel and stones on the earth's surface, including what is called drift.

ERRATICAL
Er*rat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Erratic.
— Er*rat"ic*al*ly, adv.
— Er*rat"ic*al*ness, n.

ERRATION
Er*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. erratio. See Err.]

Defn: A wandering; a roving about. [Obs.] Cockeram.

ERRATUM Er*ra"tum, n.; pl. Errata. Etym: [L., fr. errare, erratum, to wander, err. See Err.]

Defn: An error or mistake in writing or printing.
A single erratum may knock out the brains of a whole passage. Cowper.

ERRHINE
Er"rhine, n. Etym: [Gr. errhin.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine designed to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus; a sternutatory. Coxe. — a.

Defn: Causing or increasing secretion of nasal mucus.

ERRONEOUS
Er*ro"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. erroneus, fr. errare to err. See Err.]

1. Wandering; straying; deviating from the right course; — hence, irregular; unnatural. [Obs.] "Erroneous circulation." Arbuthnot. Stopped much of the erroneous light, which otherwise would have disturbed the vision. Sir I. Newman.

2. Misleading; misled; mistaking. [Obs.] An erroneous conscience commands us to do what we ought to omit. Jer. Taylor.

3. Containing error; not conformed to truth or justice; incorrect; false; mistaken; as, an erroneous doctrine; erroneous opinion, observation, deduction, view, etc. — Er*ro"ne*ous*ly, adv. — Er*ro"ne*ous*ness, n.

ERROR Er"ror, n. Etym: [OF. error, errur, F. erreur, L. error, fr. errare to err. See Err.]

1. A wandering; a roving or irregular course. [Obs.] The rest of his journey, his error by sea. B. Jonson.

2. A wandering or deviation from the right course or standard; irregularity; mistake; inaccuracy; something made wrong or left wrong; as, an error in writing or in printing; a clerical error.

3. A departing or deviation from the truth; falsity; false notion; wrong opinion; mistake; misapprehension. Herror, though his candor remained unimpaired. Bancroft.

4. A moral offense; violation of duty; a sin or transgression; iniquity; fault. Ps. xix. 12.

5. (Math.)

Defn: The difference between the approximate result and the true result; — used particularly in the rule of double position.

6. (Mensuration) (a) The difference between an observed value and the true value of a quantity. (b) The difference between the observed value of a quantity and that which is taken or computed to be the true value; — sometimes called residual error.

7. (Law.)

Defn: A mistake in the proceedings of a court of record in matters of law or of fact.

8. (Baseball)

Defn: A fault of a player of the side in the field which results in failure to put out a player on the other side, or gives him an unearned base. Law of error, or Law of frequency of error (Mensuration), the law which expresses the relation between the magnitude of an error and the frequency with which that error will be committed in making a large number of careful measurements of a quantity. — Probable error. (Mensuration) See under Probable. — Writ of error (Law), an original writ, which lies after judgment in an action at law, in a court of record, to correct some alleged error in the proceedings, or in the judgment of the court. Bouvier. Burrill.

Syn. — Mistake; fault; blunder; failure; fallacy; delusion; hallucination; sin. See Blunder.

ERRORFUL
Er"ror*ful, a.

Defn: Full of error; wrong. Foxe.

ERRORIST
Er"ror*ist, n.

Defn: One who encourages and propagates error; one who holds to error.

ERS
Ers, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. ervum a kind of pulse, bitter vetch.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The bitter vetch (Ervum Ervilia).

ERSE
Erse, n. Etym: [A modification of Irish, OE. Irishe.]

Defn: A name sometimes given to that dialect of the Celtic which is spoken in the Highlands of Scotland; — called, by the Highlanders, Gaelic.

ERSE
Erse, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Celtic race in the Highlands of
Scotland, or to their language.

ERSH
Ersh, n.

Defn: See Arrish.

ERST
Erst, adv. Etym: [Orig. superlative of ere; AS. . See Ere.] [Archaic]

1. First. Chaucer.

2. Previously; before; formerly; heretofore. Chaucer. Tityrus, with whose style he had erst disclaimed all ambition to match his pastoral pipe. A. W. Ward. At erst, at first; at the beginning. — Now at erst, at this present time. Chaucer.

ERSTWHILE
Erst`while", adv.

Defn: Till then or now; heretofore; formerly. [Archaic]

ERUBESCENCE; ERUBESCENCY Er`u*bes"cence, Er`u*bes"cen*cy, n. Etym: [L. erubescentia: cf. F. érubescence.]

Defn: The act of becoming red; redness of the skin or surface of anything; a blushing.

ERUBESCENT Er`u*bes"cent, a. Etym: [L. erubescens, p. pr. erubescere to grow red; e out + rubescere. See Rubescent.]

Defn: Red, or reddish; blushing. Johnson.

ERUBESCITE
Er`u*bes"cite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Bornite.

ERUCA E*ru"ca, n.; pl. Erucæ. Etym: [L., a caterpillar, also, a sort of colewort.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect in the larval state; a caterpillar; a larva.

ERUCIC
E*ru"cic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a genus of cruciferous Mediterranean herbs (Eruca or Brassica); as, erucic acid, a fatty acid resembling oleic acid, and found in colza oil, mustard oil, etc.

ERUCIFROM
E*ru"ci*from, a. Etym: [Eruca + -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the form of a caterpillar; — said of insect larvæ.

ERUCT; ERUCTATE E*ruct", E*ruc"tate, v. t. Etym: [L. eructare; e out + ructare to belch: cf. F. éructer.]

Defn: To eject, as wind, from the stomach; to belch. [R.] Howell.

ERUCTATION
Er`uc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. eructatio: cf. F. éructation.]

1. The act of belching wind from the stomach; a belch.

2. A violent belching out or emitting, as of gaseous or other matter from the crater of a volcano, geyser, etc.

ERUDIATE
E*ru"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. erudire.]

Defn: To instruct; to educate; to teach. [Obs.]
The skillful goddess there erudiates these In all she did. Fanshawe.

ERUDITE
Er"u*dite, a. Etym: [L. eruditus, p. p. of erudire to free from
rudeness, to polish, instruct; e out + rudis rude: cf. F. érudit. See
Rude.]

Defn: Characterized by extensive reading or knowledge; well instructed; learned. "A most erudite prince." Sir T. More. "Erudite . . . theology." I. Taylor. — Er"u*dite`ly, adv. — Er"u*dite`ness, n.

ERUDITION
Er`u*di"tion, n. Etym: [L. eruditio: cf. F. érudition.]

Defn: The act of instructing; the result of thorough instruction; the state of being erudite or learned; the acquisitions gained by extensive reading or study; particularly, learning in literature or criticism, as distinct from the sciences; scholarship. The management of a young lady's person is not be overlooked, but the erudition of her mind is much more to be regarded. Steele. The gay young gentleman whose erudition sat so easily upon him. Macaulay.

Syn.
— Literature; learning. See Literature.

ERUGATE Er"u*gate, a. Etym: [L. erugatus, p. p. of erugare to smooth; e out + ruga wrinkle.]

Defn: Freed from wrinkles; smooth.

ERUGINOUS
E*ru"gi*nous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érugineux. See Æruginous.]

Defn: Partaking of the substance or nature of copper, or of the rust copper; resembling the trust of copper or verdigris; æruginous.

ERUMPENT
E*rum"pent, a. Etym: [L. erumpens, -entis, p. pr. of erumpere.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Breaking out; — said of certain fungi which burst through the texture of leaves.

ERUPT
E*rupt", v. t. Etym: [See Eruption.]

Defn: To cause to burst forth; to eject; as, to erupt lava. Huxley.

ERUPTION E*rup"tion, n. Etym: [L. eruptio, fr. erumpere, eruptum, to break out; e out + rumpere, to break: cf. F. éruption. See Rupture.]

1. The act of breaking out or bursting forth; as: (a) A violent throwing out of flames, lava, etc., as from a volcano of a fissure in the earth's crust. (b) A sudden and overwhelming hostile movement of armed men from one country to another. Milton. (c) A violent commotion. All Paris was quiet . . . to gather fresh strength for the next day's eruption. W. Irving.

2. That which bursts forth.

3. A violent exclamation; ejaculation. He would . . . break out into bitter and passionate eruditions. Sir H. Wotton.

4. (Med.)

Defn: The breaking out of pimples, or an efflorescence, as in measles, scarlatina, etc.

ERUPTIONAL
E*rup"tion*al, a.

Defn: Eruptive. [R.] R. A. Proctor.

ERUPTIVE
E*rup"tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. éruptif.]

1. Breaking out or bursting forth. The sudden glance Appears far south eruptive through the cloud. Thomson.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Attended with eruption or efflorescence, or producing it; as, an eruptive fever.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: Produced by eruption; as, eruptive rocks, such as the igneous or volcanic.

ERUPTIVE
E*rup"tive, n. (Geol.)

Defn: An eruptive rock.

ERYNGIUM
E*ryn"gi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. eryngion, erynge.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of umbelliferous plants somewhat like thistles in appearance. Eryngium maritimum, or sea holly, has been highly esteemed as an aphrodisiac, the roots being formerly candied.

ERYNGO
E*ryn"go, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Eryngium.

ERYSIPELAS
Er`y*sip"e*las, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Red, and Pell, n.] (Med.)

Defn: St. Anthony's fire; a febrile disease accompanied with a diffused inflammation of the skin, which, starting usually from a single point, spreads gradually over its surface. It is usually regarded as contagious, and often occurs epidemically.

ERYSIPELATOID
Er`y*si*pel"a*toid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling erysipelas.

ERYSIPELATOUS
Er`y*si*pel"a*tous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érysipélateux.]

Defn: Resembling erysipelas, or partaking of its nature.

ERYSIPELOUS
Er`y*sip"e*lous, a.

Defn: Erysipelatous.

ERYTHEMA
Er`y*the"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the skin, in which a diffused inflammation forms rose-colored patches of variable size.

ERYTHEMATIC
Er`y*the*mat"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. érythématique.] (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by, or causing, a morbid redness of the skin; relating to erythema.

ERYTHEMATOUS
Er`y*them"a*tous, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or causing, erythema.

ERYTHREAN; ERYTHRAEAN
Er`y*thre"an, Er`y*thræ"an, a. Etym: [L. erythraeus; Gr.

Defn: Red in color. "The erythrean main." Milton.

ERYTHRIC
E*ryth"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, erythrin.

ERYTHRIN; ERYTHRINE
E*ryth"rin, E*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C20H22O10, extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of Rocella. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red compounds derived from it. Called also erythric acid.

2. (Min.)

Defn: See Erythrite, 2.

ERYTHRINA
Er`y*thri"na, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants growing in the tropics; coral tree; — so called from its red flowers.

ERYTHRISM
E*ryth"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. érythrisme.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A condition of excessive redness. See Erythrochroism.

ERYTHRITE
E*ryth"rite, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless crystalline substance, C4H6.(OH)4, of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the decomposition of erythrin; — called also erythrol, erythroglucin, erythromannite, pseudorcin, cobalt bloom, and under the name phycite obtained from the alga Protococcus vulgaris. It is a tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A rose-red mineral, crystallized and earthy, a hydrous arseniate of cobalt, known also as cobalt bloom; — called also erythrin or erythrine.

ERYTHROCHROIC
E*ryth`ro*chro"ic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having, or subject to, erythrochroism.

ERYTHROCHROISM
E*ryth"ro*chro*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An unusual redness, esp. in the plumage of birds, or hair of mammals, independently of age, sex, or season.

ERYTHRODEXTRIN
E*ryth`ro*dex"trin, n. Etym: [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A dextrin which gives a red color with iodine. See Dextrin.

ERYTHROGEN E*ryth"ro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) (a) Carbon disulphide; — so called from certain red compounds which it produces in combination with other substances. (b) A substance reddened by acids, which is supposed to be contained in flowers. (c) A crystalline substance obtained from diseased bile, which becomes blood-red when acted on by nitric acid or ammonia.

ERYTHROGRANULOSE
E*ryth`ro*gran"u*lose, n. Etym: [Gr. granulose.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A term applied by Brücke to a substance present in small amount in starch granules, colored red by iodine.

ERYTHROID
Er"y*throid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid: cf. Gr.

Defn: Of a red color; reddish; as, the erythroid tunic (the cremaster muscle).

ERYTHROLEIC
Er`y*thro"le*ic, a. Etym: [Gr. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Having a red color and oily appearance; — applied to a purple semifluid substance said to be obtained from archil.

ERYTHROLEIN
Er`y*thro"le*in, n. Etym: [See Erythroleic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A red substance obtained from litmus.

ERYTHROLITMIN
E*ryth`ro*lit"min, n. Etym: [Gr. litmus.] (Chem.)

Defn: Erythrolein.

ERYTHRONIUM
Er`y*thro"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A name originally given (from its red acid) to the metal vanadium. [R.]

ERYTHROPHLEINE
E*ryth`ro*phle"ine (; 104), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline alkaloid, extracted from sassy bark
(Erythrophleum Guineense).

ERYTHROPHYLL; ERYTHROPHYLLIN
E*ryth"ro*phyll, Er`y*throph"yl*lin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Bot.)

Defn: The red coloring matter of leaves, fruits, flowers, etc., in distinction from chlorophyll.

ERYTHROSIN E*ryth"ro*sin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.) (a) A red substance formed by the oxidation of tyrosin. (b) A red dyestuff obtained from fluoresceïn by the action of iodine.

ERYTHROXYLON
Er`y*throx"y*lon, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of shrubs or small trees of the Flax family, growing in tropical countries. E. Coca is the source of cocaine. See Coca.

ERYTHROZYME
E*ryth"ro*zyme, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A ferment extracted from madder root, possessing the power of inducing alcoholic fermentation in solutions of sugar.

ESCALADE
Es`ca*lade", n. Etym: [F., Sp. escalada (cf. It. scalata), fr. Sp.
escalar to scale, LL. scalare, fr. L. scala ladder. See Scale, v. t.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A furious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which
ladders are used to pass a ditch or mount a rampart.
Sin enters, not by escalade, but by cunning or treachery.
Buckminster.

ESCALADE
Es`ca*lade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaladed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Escalading.] (Mil.)

Defn: To mount and pass or enter by means of ladders; to scale; as, to escalate a wall.

ESCALATOR
Es"ca*la`tor, n. [NL. Cf. Escalade.]

Defn: A stairway or incline arranged like an endless belt so that the steps or treads ascend or descend continuously, and one stepping upon it is carried up or down; — a trade term.

ESCALLOP
Es*cal"lop, n.

Defn: See Escalop.

ESCALLOPED
Es*cal"loped, a.

Defn: See Escaloped.

ESCALOP Es*cal"op, n. Etym: [OF. escalope shell, F. escalope a sort of cut of meat. See Scallop.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bivalve shell of the genus Pecten. See Scallop.

2. A regular, curving indenture in the margin of anything. See Scallop. "So many jags or escalops." Ray.

3. (a) The figure or shell of an escalop, considered as a sign that the bearer had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Hence: (b) (Her.) A bearing or a charge consisting of an escalop shell.

ESCALOPED
Es*cal"oped, a.

1. Cut or marked in the form of an escalop; scalloped.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Covered with a pattern resembling a series of escalop shells, each of which issues from between two others. Its appearance is that of a surface covered with scales. Escaloped oysters (Cookery). See under Scalloped.

ESCAMBIO
Es*cam"bi*o, n. Etym: [LL. escambium, excambium. See Excamb.] (Eng.
Law)

Defn: A license formerly required for the making over a bill of exchange to another over sea. Cowell.

ESCAPABLE
Es*cap"a*ble, a.

Defn: Avoidable.

ESCAPADE Es`ca*pade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. escapada escape, fr. escapar to escape; or F., fr. It. scappata escape, escapade, fr. scappare to escape. see Escape.]

1. The fling of a horse, or ordinary kicking back of his heels; a gambol.

2. Act by which one breaks loose from the rules of propriety or good sense; a freak; a prank. Carlyle.

ESCAPE
Es*cape", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escaped; p. pr. & vb. n. Escaping.]
Etym: [OE. escapen, eschapen, OF. escaper, eschaper, F. echapper, fr.
LL. ex cappa out of one's cape or cloak; hence, to slip out of one's
cape and escape. See 3d Cape, and cf. Scape, v.]

1. To flee from and avoid; to be saved or exempt from; to shun; to obtain security from; as, to escape danger. "Sailors that escaped the wreck." Shak.

2. To avoid the notice of; to pass unobserved by; to evade; as, the fact escaped our attention. They escaped the search of the enemy. Ludlow.

ESCAPE
Es*cape", v. i.

1. To flee, and become secure from danger; — often followed by from or out of. Haste, for thy life escape, nor look behindKeble.

2. To get clear from danger or evil of any form; to be passed without harm. Such heretics . . . would have been thought fortunate, if they escaped with life. Macaulay.

3. To get free from that which confines or holds; — used of persons or things; as, to escape from prison, from arrest, or from slavery; gas escapes from the pipes; electricity escapes from its conductors. To escape out of these meshes. Thackeray.

ESCAPE
Es*cape", n.

1. The act of fleeing from danger, of evading harm, or of avoiding notice; deliverance from injury or any evil; flight; as, an escape in battle; a narrow escape; also, the means of escape; as, a fire escape. I would hasten my escape from the windy storm. Ps. lv. 8.

2. That which escapes attention or restraint; a mistake; an oversight; also, transgression. [Obs.] I should have been more accurate, and corrected all those former escapes. Burton.

3. A sally. "Thousand escapes of wit." Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: The unlawful permission, by a jailer or other custodian, of a prisoner's departure from custody.

Note: Escape is technically distinguishable from prison breach, which is the unlawful departure of the prisoner from custody, escape being the permission of the departure by the custodian, either by connivance or negligence. The term escape, however, is applied by some of the old authorities to a departure from custody by stratagem, or without force. Wharton.

5. (Arch.)

Defn: An apophyge.

6. Leakage or outflow, as of steam or a liquid.

7. (Elec.)

Defn: Leakage or loss of currents from the conducting wires, caused by defective insulation. Escape pipe (Steam Boilers), a pipe for carrying away steam that escapes through a safety valve. — Escape valve (Steam Engine), a relief valve; a safety valve. See under Relief, and Safety. — Escape wheel (Horol.), the wheel of an escapement.

ESCAPEMENT
Es*cape"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. échappement. See Escape.]

1. The act of escaping; escape. [R.]

2. Way of escape; vent. [R.] An escapement for youthful high spirits. G. Eliot.

3. The contrivance in a timepiece which connects the train of wheel work with the pendulum or balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration; — so called because it allows a tooth to escape from a pallet at each vibration.

Note: Escapements are of several kinds, as the vertical, or verge, or crown, escapement, formerly used in watches, in which two pallets on the balance arbor engage with a crown wheel; the anchor escapement, in which an anchor-shaped piece carries the pallets; — used in common clocks (both are called recoil escapements, from the recoil of the escape wheel at each vibration); the cylinder escapement, having an open-sided hollow cylinder on the balance arbor to control the escape wheel; the duplex escapement, having two sets of teeth on the wheel; the lever escapement, which is a kind of detached escapement, because the pallets are on a lever so arranged that the balance which vibrates it is detached during the greater part of its vibration and thus swings more freely; the detent escapement, used in chronometers; the remontoir escapement, in which the escape wheel is driven by an independent spring or weight wound up at intervals by the clock train, — sometimes used in astronomical clocks. When the shape of an escape-wheel tooth is such that it falls dead on the pallet without recoil, it forms a deadbeat escapement.

ESCAPER
Es*cap"er, n.

Defn: One who escapes.

ESCARBUNCLE
Es*car"bun*cle, n. Etym: [OF. escarbuncle, F. escaboucle.] (Her.)

Defn: See Carbuncle, 3.

ESCARGATOIRE
Es*car`ga*toire", n. Etym: [F. escargotière, fr. escargot snail.]

Defn: A nursery of snails. [Obs.] Addison.

ESCARP Es*carp", n. Etym: [F. escarpe (cf. Sp. escarpa, It. scarpa), fr. escarper to cut steep, cut to a slope, prob. of German origin: cf. G. scharf sharp,, E. sharp, or perh. scrape.] (Fort.)

Defn: The side of the ditch next the parapet; — same as scarp, and opposed to counterscarp.

ESCARP
Es*carp", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escarped; p. pr. & vb. n. Escarping.]
(Mil.)

Defn: To make into, or furnish with, a steep slope, like that of a scrap. Carleton.

ESCARPMENT
Es*carp"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. escarpement.]

Defn: A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach. See Scarp.

-ESCENT -es"cent. Etym: [From the ending -escens, -entis, of the p. pr. of inchoative verbs in Latin.]

Defn: A suffix signifying beginning, beginning to be; as, adolescent, effervescent, etc.

ESCHALOT
Esch`a*lot", n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Shallot.

ESCHAR
Es"char, n. Etym: [L. eschara, Gr. eschare. See Scar.] (Med.)

Defn: A dry slough, crust, or scab, which separates from the healthy part of the body, as that produced by a burn, or the application of caustics.

ESCHAR
Es"char, n. Etym: [Ir.] (Geol.)

Defn: In Ireland, one of the continuous mounds or ridges of gravelly and sandy drift which extend for many miles over the surface of the country. Similar ridges in Scotland are called kames or kams. [Written also eskar and esker.]

ESCHARA
Es"cha*ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of Bryozoa which produce delicate corals, often incrusting like lichens, but sometimes branched.

ESCHARINE
Es"cha*rine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Eschara, or family Escharidæ.

ESCHAROTIC
Es`cha*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. escharotique.] (Med.)

Defn: Serving or tending to form an eschar;; producing a scar; caustic.

ESCHAROTIC
Es`cha*rot"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: A substance which produces an eschar; a caustic, esp., a mild caustic.

ESCHATOLOGICAL
Es`cha*to*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the last or final things.

ESCHATOLOGY
Es`cha*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The doctrine of the last or final things, as death, judgment, and the events therewith connected.

ESCHAUNGE
Es*chaunge", n.

Defn: Exchange. [Obs.]

ESCHEAT Es*cheat", n. Etym: [OE. eschete, escheyte, an escheat, fr. OF. escheit, escheoit, escheeite, esheoite, fr. escheoir (F. échoir) to fall to, fall to the lot of; pref. es- (L. ex) + cheoir, F. choir, to fall, fr. L. cadere. See Chance, and cf. Cheat.]

1. (Law) (a) (Feud. & Eng. Law) The falling back or reversion of lands, by some casualty or accident, to the lord of the fee, in consequence of the extinction of the blood of the tenant, which may happen by his dying without heirs, and formerly might happen by corruption of blood, that is, by reason of a felony or attainder. Tomlins. Blackstone. (b) (U. S. Law) The reverting of real property to the State, as original and ultimate proprietor, by reason of a failure of persons legally entitled to hold the same.

Note: A distinction is carefully made, by English writers, between escheat to the lord of the fee and forfeiture to the crown. But in this country, where the State holds the place of chief lord of the fee, and is entitled to take alike escheat and by forfeiture, this distinction is not essential. Tomlins. Kent. (c) A writ, now abolished, to recover escheats from the person in possession. Blackstone.

2. Lands which fall to the lord or the State by escheat.

3. That which falls to one; a reversion or return To make me great by others' loss is bad escheat. Spenser.

ESCHEAT
Es*cheat", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Esheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Escheating.]
(Law)

Defn: To revert, or become forfeited, to the lord, the crown, or the State, as lands by the failure of persons entitled to hold the same, or by forfeiture.

Note: In this country it is the general rule that when the title to land fails by defect of heirs or devisees, it necessarily escheats to the State; but forfeiture of estate from crime is hardly known in this country, and corruption of blood is universally abolished. Kent. Bouvier.

ESCHEAT
Es*cheat", v. t. (Law)

Defn: To forfeit. Bp. Hall.

ESCHEATABLE
Es*cheat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to escheat.

ESCHEATAGE
Es*cheat"age (; 48), n.

Defn: The right of succeeding to an escheat. Sherwood.

ESCHEATOR
Es*cheat"or, n. (Law)

Defn: An officer whose duty it is to observe what escheats have taken place, and to take charge of them. Burrill.

ESCHEVIN
Es"che*vin, n. Etym: [OF. eschevin, a sort of magistrate, alderman,
F. échevin.]

Defn: The alderman or chief officer of an ancient guild. [Obs.]

ESCHEW
Es*chew", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eshewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Eshewing.]
Etym: [OF. eschever, eschiver, eskiver, F. esquiver, fr. OHG.
sciuhen, G. scheuen; akin to E. sky. See Shy, a.]

1. To shun; to avoid, as something wrong, or from a feeling of distaste; to keep one's self clear of. They must not only eschew evil, but do good. Bp. Beveridge.

2. To escape from; to avoid. [Obs.] He who obeys, destruction shall eschew. Sandys.

ESCHEWER
Es*chew"er, n.

Defn: One who eschews.

ESCHEWMENT
Es*chew"ment, n.

Defn: The act of eschewing. [R.]

ESCHSCHOLTZIA Esch*scholtz"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Dr. Eschscholtz, a German botanist.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of papaveraceous plants, found in California and upon the west coast of North America, some species of which produce beautiful yellow, orange, rose-colored, or white flowers; the California poppy.

ESCHYNITE
Es"chy*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral, containing chiefly niobium, titanium, thorium, and cerium. It was so called by Berzelius on account of the inability of chemical science, at the time of its discovery, to separate some of its constituents.

ESCOCHEON
Es*coch"eon, n.

Defn: Escutcheon. [Obs.]

ESCOPET; ESCOPETTE
Es`co*pet", Es`co*pette", n. Etym: [Sp. escopeta, F. escopette.]

Defn: A kind of firearm; a carbine.

ESCORIAL
Es*co"ri*al, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Escurial.

ESCORT Es"cort, n. Etym: [F. escorte, It. scorta a guard or guide, fr. scorgere to perceive, discern, lead, fr. L. ex out, quite + corrigere to correct, set right. See Correct.]

1. A body of armed men to attend a person of distinction for the sake of affording safety when on a journey; one who conducts some one as an attendant; a guard, as of prisoners on a march; also, a body of persons, attending as a mark of respect or honor; — applied to movements on land, as convoy is to movements at sea. The troops of my escort marched at the ordinary rate. Burke.

2. Protection, care, or safeguard on a journey or excursion; as, to travel under the escort of a friend.

ESCORT
Es*cort", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Escorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Escorting.]
Etym: [Cf. F. escorter, It. scortare. See Escort, n.]

Defn: To attend with a view to guard and protect; to accompany as safeguard; to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to; — used esp. with reference to journeys or excursions on land; as, to escort a public functionary, or a lady; to escort a baggage wagon.

Syn.
— To accompany; attend. See Accompany.

ESCOT
Es*cot", n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: See Scot, a tax. [Obs.]

ESCOT
Es*cot", v. t.

Defn: To pay the reckoning for; to support; to maintain. [Obs.] Shak.

ESCOUADE
Es`couade", n.

Defn: See Squad,

ESCOUT
Es*cout", n.

Defn: See Scout. [Obs.] Hayward.

ESCRIBED
Es*cribed", a. Etym: [L. e out, out of + scribere to write.]

Defn: Drawn outside of; — used to designate a circle that touches one of the sides of a given triangle, and also the other two sides produced.

ESCRIPT
Es"cript, n. Etym: [OF.]

Defn: A writing. [Obs.]

ESCRITOIRE Es`cri*toire", n. Etym: [OF. escritoire, F. écritoire, LL. scriptorium, fr. L. scriptorius belonging to writing, fr. sribere to write. See Script, and cf. Scrutoire.]

Defn: A piece of furniture used as a writing table, commonly with drawers, pigeonholes, and the like; a secretary or writing desk.

ESCRITORIAL
Es`cri*to"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an escritoire.

ESCROD
Es*crod", n.

Defn: See Scrod, a young cod.

ESCROL; ESCROLL
Es*crol", Es*croll", n. Etym: [See Escrow, Scroll.]

1. A scroll. [Obs.]

2. (Her.) (a) A long strip or scroll resembling a ribbon or a band of parchment, or the like, anciently placed above the shield, and supporting the crest. (b) In modern heraldry, a similar ribbon on which the motto is inscribed.

ESCROW
Es"crow, n. Etym: [OF. escroe, escroue, a roll of writings, bond. See
Scroll.] (Law)

Defn: A deed, bond, or other written engagement, delivered to a third person, to be held by him till some act is done or some condition is performed, and then to be by him delivered to the grantee. Blackstone.

ESCUAGE Es"cu*age (; 48), n. Etym: [OF. escuage, F. écuage, from OF. escu shield, F. écu. See Esquire.] (Feud. Law)

Defn: Service of the shield, a species of knight service by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war, at his own charge. It was afterward exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction. Called also scutage. Blackstone.

ESCULAPIAN
Es`cu*la"pi*an, n.

Defn: Æsculapian.

ESCULAPIUS
Es`cu*la"pi*us, n.

Defn: Same as Æsculapius.

ESCULENT Es"cu*lent, a. Etym: [L. esculentus, fr. escare to eat, fr. esca food, fr. edere to eat: cf. F. esculent. See Eat.]

Defn: Suitable to be used by man for food; eatable; edible; as, esculent plants; esculent fish. Esculent grain for food. Sir W. Jones. Esculent swallow (Zoöl.), the swallow which makes the edible bird's- nest. See Edible bird's-nest, under Edible.

ESCULENT
Es"cu*lent, n.

Defn: Anything that is fit for eating; that which may be safely eaten by man.

ESCULIC Es*cu"lic, a. Etym: [From NL. Aesculus, the generic name of the horse-chestnut, fr. L. aesculus a kind of oak.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the horse-chestnut; as, esculic acid.

ESCULIN
Es*cu"lin, n. Etym: [See Esculic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside obtained from the Æsculus hippocastanum, or horse- chestnut, and characterized by its fine blue fluorescent solutions. [Written also æsculin.]

ESCURIAL Es*cu"ri*al, n. Etym: [Prop. Sp. escorial, i. e., a hill or heap of rubbish, earth, and stones brought out of a mine, fr. escoria dross of metal, L. scoria, fr. Gr. Scoria.]

Defn: A palace and mausoleum of the kinds of Spain, being a vast and wonderful structure about twenty-five miles northwest of Madrid.

Note: The ground plan is said to be in the form of a gridiron, the structure being designed in honor of St. Lawrence, who suffered martyrdom by being broiled on gridiron; but the resemblance is very slight. It is nearly square, inclosing several courts, and has a projecting mass which stands for the handle.

ESCUTCHEON Es*cutch"eon, n. Etym: [OF. escusson, F. écusson, from OF. escu shield, F. écu. See Esquire, Scutcheon.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: The surface, usually a shield, upon which bearings are marshaled and displayed. The surface of the escutcheon is called the field, the upper part is called the chief, and the lower part the base (see Chiff, and Field.). That side of the escutcheon which is on the right hand of the knight who bears the shield on his arm is called dexter, and the other side sinister.

Note: The two sides of an escutcheon are respectively designated as dexter and sinister, as in the cut, and the different parts or points by the following names: A, Dexter chief point; B, Middle chief point; C, Sinister chief point; D, Honor or color point; E, Fesse or heart point; F, Nombrill or navel point; G, Dexter base point; H, Middle base point; I, base point.

2. A marking upon the back of a cow's udder and the space above it (the perineum), formed by the hair growing upward or outward instead of downward. It is esteemed an index of milking qualities. C. L. Flint.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a vessel's stern on which her name is written. R.
H. Dane, Jr.

4. (Carp.)

Defn: A thin metal plate or shield to protect wood, or for ornament, as the shield around a keyhole.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The depression behind the beak of certain bivalves; the ligamental area. Escutcheon of pretense, an escutcheon used in English heraldry to display the arms of the bearer's wife; — not commonly used unless she an heiress. Cf. Impalement.

ESCUTCHEONED
Es*cutch"eoned, a.

Defn: Having an escutcheon; furnished with a coat of arms or ensign.
Young.

ESE
Ese, n.

Defn: Ease; pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESEMPLASTIC
Es`em*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Plastic.]

Defn: Shaped into one; tending to, or formative into, unity. [R.]
Coleridge.

ESERINE Es"er*ine (; 104), n. Etym: [From native name of the Calabar bean: cf. F. ésérine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of Physostigma venenosum; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil.

ESEXUAL
E*sex"u*al, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + sexual.] (Biol.)

Defn: Sexless; asexual.

ESGUARD
Es*guard", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. esgart regard, F. égard. See Guard.]

Defn: Guard. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

ESKAR; ESKER
Es"kar, or Es"ker, n. (Geol.)

Defn: See Eschar.

ESKIMO
Es"ki*mo, n.; pl. Eskimos. Etym: [Originally applied by the
Algonquins to the Northern Indians, and meaning eaters of raw flesh.]
(Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a peculiar race inhabiting Arctic America and Greenland. In many respects the Eskimos resemble the Mongolian race. [Written also Esquimau.] Eskimo dog (Zoöl.), one of breed of large and powerful dogs used by the Eskimos to draw sledges. It closely resembles the gray wolf, with which it is often crossed.

ESLOIN
Es*loin", v. t. Etym: [See Eloign.]

Defn: To remove; to banish; to withdraw; to avoid; to eloign. [Obs.]
From worldly cares he did himself esloin. Spenser.

ESNECY
Es"ne*cy, n. Etym: [See Eigne.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A prerogative given to the eldest coparcener to choose first after an inheritance is divide. Mozley & W.

ESODIC
E*sod"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the spinal cord; — said of certain nerves. Opposed to exodic.

ESOPHAGAL
E*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Esophageal.

ESOPHAGEAL
E`so*phag"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the esophagus. [Written also .]

ESOPHAGEAN
E`so*phag"e*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Esophageal.

ESOPHAGOTOMY
E*soph`a*got"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign substance that obstructs the passage. [Written also oesophagotomy.]

ESOPHAGUS
E*soph"a*gus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. vi to go, drive) + (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the alimentary canal between the pharynx and the stomach; the gullet. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus, under Digestive. [Written also .]

ESOPIAN; ESOPIC
E*so"pi*an, E*so"pic, a.

Defn: Same as Æsopian, Æsopic.

ESOTERIC
Es`o*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. In.]

Defn: Designed for, and understood by, the specially initiated alone; not communicated, or not intelligible, to the general body of followers; private; interior; acroamatic; — said of the private and more recondite instructions and doctrines of philosophers. Opposed to exoteric. Enough if every age produce two or three critics of this esoteric class, with here and there a reader to understand them. De Quincey.

ESOTERICAL
Es`o*ter"ic*al, a.

Defn: Esoteric.

ESOTERICALLY
Es`o*ter"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an esoteric manner.

ESOTERICISM
Es`o*ter"i*cism, n.

Defn: Esoteric doctrine or principles.

ESOTERICS
Es`o*ter"ics, n.

Defn: Mysterious or hidden doctrines; secret science.

ESOTERY
Es"o*ter*y, n.

Defn: Mystery; esoterics; — opposed to exotery. A. Tucker.

ESOX
E"sox, n. Etym: [L., a kind of pike.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of fresh-water fishes, including pike and pickerel.

ESPACE
Es*pace", n.

Defn: Space. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESPADON Es"pa*don, n. Etym: [F. espadon, fr. Sp. espadon, fr. espada sword; or fr. It. spadone an espadon, spada sword.]

Defn: A long, heavy, two-handed and two-edged sword, formerly used by
Spanish foot soldiers and by executioners. Wilhelm.

ESPALIER Es*pal"ier, n. Etym: [F. espalier, fr. It. spalliera, fr. spalla shoulder, the same word as F. épaule. See Epaulet.] (Hort.)

Defn: A railing or trellis upon which fruit trees or shrubs are trained, as upon a wall; a tree or row of trees so trained. And figs from standard and espalier join. Pope.

ESPALIER
Es*pal"ier, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espaliered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Espaliering.]

Defn: To form an espalier of, or to protect by an espalier.

ESPARCET Es*par"cet, n. Etym: [F. esparcet, esparcette, éparcet, fr. Sp. esparceta, esparcilla.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa), an Old World leguminous forage plant.

ESPARTO
Es*par"to, n. Etym: [Sp.; cf. L. spartum Spanish broom, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of Spanish grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), of which cordage, shoes, baskets, etc., are made. It is also used for making paper.

ESPAULIERE
Es`pau`liere", n. Etym: [OF. & F. épaulière. See Espalier.]

Defn: A defense for the shoulder, composed of flexible overlapping plates of metal, used in the 15th century; — the origin of the modern epaulette. Fairholt.

ESPECIAL
Es*pe"cial, a. Etym: [OF. especial, F. spécial, L. specialis, fr.
species a particular sort, kind, or quality. See Species, and cf.
Special.]

Defn: Distinguished among others of the same class or kind; special; concerning a species or a single object; principal; particular; as, in an especial manner or degree.

Syn.
— Peculiar; special; particular; uncommon; chief. See Peculiar.

ESPECIALLY
Es*pe"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an especial manner; chiefly; particularly; peculiarly; in an uncommon degree.

ESPECIALNESS
Es*pe"cial*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being especial.

ESPERANCE Es"pe*rance, n. Etym: [F. espérance, fr. L. sperans, p. pr. of sperare to hope.]

Defn: Hope. [Obs.] Shak.

ESPERANTO
Es`pe*ran"to, n.

Defn: An artificial language, intended to be universal, devised by Dr. Zamenhof, a Russian, who adopted the pseudonym "Dr. Esperanto" in publishing his first pamphlet regarding it in 1887. The vocabulary is very largely based upon words common to the chief European languages, and sounds peculiar to any one language are eliminated. The spelling is phonetic, and the accent (stress) is always on the penult. — Es`pe*ran"tist (#), n.

ESPIAILLE
Es`pi*aille", n.

Defn: Espial. [Obs.]

ESPIAL
Es*pi"al, n. Etym: [OE. & Norm. F. espiaille. See Espy.]

1. The act of espying; notice; discovery. Screened from espial by the jutting cape. Byron.

2. One who espies; a spy; a scout. [Obs.] "Their espials . . . brought word." Holland.

ESPIER
Es*pi"er, n.

Defn: One who espies. Harmar.

ESPINEL
Es"pi*nel, n.

Defn: A kind of ruby. See Spinel.

ESPIONAGE Es"pi*o*nage, n. Etym: [F. espionnage, fr. espionner to spy, fr. espion spy, OF. espie. See Espy.]

Defn: The practice or employment of spies; the practice of watching the words and conduct of others, to make discoveries, as spies or secret emissaries; secret watching.

ESPLANADE
Es`pla*nade", n. Etym: [F. esplanade, Sp. esplanada, explanada, cf.
It. spianata; fr. Sp. explanar to level, L. explanare to flatten or
spread out. See Explain.]

1. (Fort.) (a) A clear space between a citadel and the nearest houses of the town. Campbell (Mil. Dict. ). (b) The glacis of the counterscarp, or the slope of the parapet of the covered way toward the country.

2. (Hort.)

Defn: A grass plat; a lawn. Simmonds.

3. Any clear, level space used for public walks or drives; esp., a terrace by the seaside.

ESPLEES
Es*plees", n. pl. Etym: [LL. expletia, OF. espleit. Cf. Exploit.]
(Old Eng. Law)

Defn: The full profits or products which ground or land yields, as the hay of the meadows, the feed of the pasture, the grain of arable fields, the rents, services, and the like. Cowell.

ESPOUSAGE
Es*pous"age, n.

Defn: Espousal. [Obs.] Latimer.

ESPOUSAL
Es*pous"al, n. Etym: [OF. espousailles, pl., F. épousailles, L.
sponsalia, fr. sponsalis belonging to betrothal or espousal. See
Espouse, and cf. Sponsal, Spousal.]

1. The act of espousing or betrothing; especially, in the plural, betrothal; plighting of the troths; a contract of marriage; sometimes, the marriage ceremony.

2. The uniting or allying one's self with anything; maintenance; adoption; as, the espousal of a quarrel. The open espousal of his cause. Lord Orford.

ESPOUSE Es*pouse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espoused; p. pr. & vb. n. Espousing.] Etym: [OF. espouser, esposer, F. épouser, L. sponsare to betroth, espouse, fr. sponsus betrothed, p. p. of spondere to promise solemnly or sacredly. Cf. Spouse.]

1. To betroth; to promise in marriage; to give as spouse. A virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph. Luke i. 27.

2. To take as spouse; to take to wife; to marry. Lavinia will I make my empress, . . . And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse. Shak.

3. To take to one's self with a view to maintain; to make one's own; to take up the cause of; to adopt; to embrace. "He espoused that quarrel." Bacon. Promised faithfully to espouse his cause as soon as he got out of the war. Bp. Burnet.

ESPOUSEMENT
Es*pouse"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. espousement.]

Defn: The act of espousing, or the state of being espoused.

ESPOUSER
Es*pous"er, n.

Defn: One who espouses; one who embraces the cause of another or makes it his own.

ESPRESSIVO
Es`pres*si"vo, a. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With expression.

ESPRINGAL
Es*prin"gal, n. Etym: [See Springal.] (Mil. Antiq.)

Defn: An engine of war used for throwing viretons, large stones, and other missiles; a springal.

ESPRIT
Es`prit", n. Etym: [F. See Spirit.]

Defn: Spirit. Esprit de corps (, a French phrase much used by English writers to denote the common spirit pervading the members of a body or association of persons. It implies sympathy, enthusiasm, devotion, and jealous regard for the honor of the body as a whole.

ESPY
Es*py", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Espied; p. pr. & vb. n. Espying.] Etym:
[OF. espier, F. épier, from OHG. speh to watch, spy, G. spähen; akin
to L. specere to look, species sight, shape, appearance, kind. See
Spice, Spy, and cf. Espionage.]

1. To catch sight of; to perceive with the eyes; to discover, as a distant object partly concealed, or not obvious to notice; to see at a glance; to discern unexpectedly; to spy; as, to espy land; to espy a man in a crowd. As one of them opened his sack to give his ass provender in the inn, . . . he espied his money. Gen. xlii. 27. A goodly vessel did I then espy Come like a giant from a haven broad. Wordsworth.

2. To inspect narrowly; to examine and keep watch upon; to watch; to observe. He sends angels to espy us in all our ways. Jer. Taylor.

Syn.
— To discern; discover; detect; descry; spy.

ESPY
Es*py", v. i.

Defn: To look or search narrowly; to look about; to watch; to take
notice; to spy.
Stand by the way, and espy. Jer. xlviii. 19.

ESPY
Es*py", n.; pl. Espies. Etym: [OF. espie. See Espy, v., Spy.]

Defn: A spy; a scout. [Obs.] Huloet.

-ESQUE -esque. Etym: [F., fr. It. -isco. Cf. -ish.]

Defn: A suffix of certain words from the French, Italian, and Spanish. It denotes manner or style; like; as, arabesque, after the manner of the Arabs.

ESQUIMAU
Es"qui*mau, n.; pl. Esquimaux. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Eskimo. It is . . . an error to suppose that where an Esquimau can live, a civilized man can live also. McClintock.

ESQUIRE Es*quire", n. Etym: [OF. escuyer, escuier, properly, a shield-bearer, F. écuyer shield-bearer, armor-bearer, squire of a knight, esquire, equerry, rider, horseman, LL. scutarius shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum shield, akin to Gr. to cover; prob. akin to E. hide to cover. See Hide to cover, and cf. Equerry, Escutcheon.]

Defn: Originally, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, an attendant on a knight; in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below knight and above gentleman; also, a title of office and courtesy; — often shortened to squire.

Note: In England, the title of esquire belongs by right of birth to the eldest sons of knights and their eldest sons in perpetual succession; to the eldest sons of younger sons of peers and their eldest sons in perpetual succession. It is also given to sheriffs, to justices of the peace while in commission, to those who bear special office in the royal household, to counselors at law, bachelors of divinity, law, or physic, and to others. In the United States the title is commonly given in courtesy to lawyers and justices of the peace, and is often used in the superscription of letters instead of Mr.

ESQUIRE
Es*quire", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esquired; p. pr. & vb. n. Esquiring.]

Defn: To wait on as an esquire or attendant in public; to attend.
[Colloq.]

ESQUISSE
Es`quisse", n. Etym: [F. See Sketch.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: The first sketch of a picture or model of a statue.

-ESS -ess. Etym: [OF. -esse, LL. -issa, Gr.

Defn: A suffix used to form feminine nouns; as, actress, deaconess, songstress.

ESSAY Es"say, n.; pl. Essays. Etym: [F. essai, fr. L. exagium a weighing, weight, balance; ex out + agere to drive, do; cf. examen, exagmen, a means of weighing, a weighing, the tongue of a balance, exigere to drive out, examine, weigh, Gr. 'exa`gion a weight, 'exagia`zein to examine, 'exa`gein to drive out, export. See Agent, and cf. Exact, Examine, Assay.]

1. An effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of anything; a trial; attempt; as, to make an essay to benefit a friend. "The essay at organization." M. Arnold.

2. (Lit.)

Defn: A composition treating of any particular subject; — usually shorter and less methodical than a formal, finished treatise; as, an essay on the life and writings of Homer; an essay on fossils, or on commerce.

3. An assay. See Assay, n. [Obs.]

Syn. — Attempt; trial; endeavor; effort; tract; treatise; dissertation; disquisition.

ESSAY
Es*say", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essayed; p. pr. & vb. n. Essaying.]
Etym: [F. essayer. See Essay, n.]

1. To exert one's power or faculties upon; to make an effort to perform; to attempt; to endeavor; to make experiment or trial of; to try. What marvel if I thus essay to sing Byron. Essaying nothing she can not perform. Emerson. A danger lest the young enthusiast . . . should essay the impossible. J. C. Shairp.

2. To test the value and purity of (metals); to assay. See Assay. [Obs.] Locke.

ESSAYER
Es*say"er, n.

Defn: One who essays. Addison.

ESSAYIST
Es"say*ist, n.

Defn: A writer of an essay, or of essays. B. Jonson.

ESSENCE Es"sence, n. Etym: [F. essence, L. essentia, formed as if fr. a p. pr. of esse to be. See Is, and cf. Entity.]

1. The constituent elementary notions which constitute a complex notion, and must be enumerated to define it; sometimes called the nominal essence.

2. The constituent quality or qualities which belong to any object, or class of objects, or on which they depend for being what they are (distinguished as real essence); the real being, divested of all logical accidents; that quality which constitutes or marks the true nature of anything; distinctive character; hence, virtue or quality of a thing, separated from its grosser parts. The laws are at present, both in form and essence, the greatest curse that society labors under. Landor. Gifts and alms are the expressions, not the essence of this virtue [charity]. Addison. The essence of Addison's humor is irony. Courthope.

3. Constituent substance. And uncompounded is their essence pure. Milton.

4. A being; esp., a purely spiritual being. As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish. Milton. He had been indulging in fanciful speculations on spiritual essences, until . . . he had and ideal world of his own around him. W. Irving.

5. The predominant qualities or virtues of a plant or drug, extracted and refined from grosser matter; or, more strictly, the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essential oil; as, the essence of mint, and the like. The . . . word essence . . . scarcely underwent a more complete transformation when from being the abstract of the verb "to be," it came to denote something sufficiently concrete to be inclosed in a glass bottle. J. S. Mill.

6. Perfume; odor; scent; or the volatile matter constituting perfume. Nor let the essences exhale. Pope.

ESSENCE
Es"sence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essenced; p. pr. & vb. n. Essencing.]

Defn: To perfume; to scent. "Essenced fops." Addison.

ESSENE
Es*sene", n.; pl. Essenes. Etym: [Gr. asaya to heal, cf. Heb. asa.]

Defn: One of a sect among the Jews in the time of our Savior, remarkable for their strictness and abstinence.

ESSENISM
Es"se*nism, n.

Defn: The doctrine or the practices of the Essenes. De Quincey.

ESSENTIAL
Es*sen"tial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. essentiel. See Essence.]

1. Belonging to the essence, or that which makes an object, or class of objects, what it is. Majestic as the voice sometimes became, there was forever in it an essential character of plaintiveness. Hawthorne.

2. Hence, really existing; existent. Is it true, that thou art but a a name, And no essential thing Webster (1623).

3. Important in the highest degree; indispensable to the attainment of an object; indispensably necessary. Judgment's more essential to a general Than courage. Denham. How to live — that is the essential question for us. H. Spencer.

4. Containing the essence or characteristic portion of a substance, as of a plant; highly rectified; pure; hence, unmixed; as, an essential oil. "Mine own essential horror." Ford.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: Necessary; indispensable; — said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.

6. (Med.)

Defn: Idiopathic; independent of other diseases. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. — Essential disease, Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. — Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; — called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.

ESSENTIAL
Es*sen"tial, n.

1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton.

2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials or religion.

ESSENTIALITY
Es*sen`ti*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer.
Taylor.

ESSENTIALLY
Es*sen"tial*ly, adv.

Defn: In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different.

ESSENTIALNESS
Es*sen"tial*ness, n.

Defn: Essentiality. Ld. Digby.

ESSENTIATE
Es*sen"ti*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Essentiating.]

Defn: To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle.

ESSENTIATE
Es*sen"ti*ate, v. i.

Defn: To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.

ESSOIN; ESSOIGN Es*soin" or Es*soign, n. Etym: [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth, sunjon to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.]

1. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court.

2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.] From every work he challenged essoin. Spenser. Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone.

ESSOIN Es*soin", v. t. Etym: [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL. essoniare, exoniare. See Essoin, n.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: To excuse for nonappearance in court. "I 'll not essoin thee."
Quarles.

ESSOINER
Es*soin"er, n. (Eng. Law)

Defn: An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.

ESSONITE
Es"so*nite, n. Etym: [Named from Gr. e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.)

Defn: Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See Garnet.

ESSORANT
Es"so*rant, a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; — said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.

EST
Est, n. & adv.

Defn: East. [Obs.] Chaucer.

-EST -est. Etym: [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, - str, Goth. -ists, -, Skr. -ish.]

Defn: A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.

ESTABLISH
Es*tab"lish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established; p. pr. & vb. n.
Establishing.] Etym: [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. établir, fr.
L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See Stable, a., -
ish, and cf. Stablish.]

1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm. So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5. The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down. Burke. Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft.

2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain. By the consent of all, we were established The people's magistrates. Shak. Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed. Dan. vi. 8.

3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; — said of a colony, a state, or other institutions. He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18. Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12.

4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc. At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15.

5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; — used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.

ESTABLISHED SUIT
Es*tab"lished suit. (Whist)

Defn: A plain suit in which a player (or side) could, except for trumping, take tricks with all his remaining cards.

ESTABLISHER
Es*tab"lish*er, n.

Defn: One who establishes.

ESTABLISHMENT Es*tab"lish*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. establissement, F. établissement.]

1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.

2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state.

3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment. Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving. Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.

ESTABLISHMENTARIAN
Es*tab`lish*men*ta"ri*an, n.

Defn: One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character. Shipley.

ESTACADE
Es`ta*cade", n. Etym: [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf.
Stake.] (Mil.)

Defn: A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy.

ESTAFET; ESTAFETTE Es`ta*fet", Es`ta*fette", n. Etym: [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.]

Defn: A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another.

ESTAMINET
Es`ta`mi`net", n. [F.]

Defn: A café, or room in a café, in which smoking is allowed.

ESTANCIA
Es*tan"ci*a, n. Etym: [Sp. See Stanza.]

Defn: A grazing; a country house. [Spanish America]

ESTATE Es*tate", n. Etym: [OF. estat, F. état, L. status, fr. stare to stand. See Stand, and cf. State.]

1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. "When I came to man's estate." Shak. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16.

2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity. God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor.

3. A person of high rank. [Obs.] She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer. Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21.

4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death. See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden.

5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.] I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon.

6. pl.

Defn: The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons.

7. (Law)

Defn: The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott. The fourth estate, a name often given to the public press.

ESTATE
Es*tate", v. t.

1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic] Then would I . . . Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson.

ESTATLICH; ESTATLY
Es*tat"lich, Es"tat*ly, a. Etym: [OE.]

Defn: Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESTEEM
Es*teem", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed; p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.]
Etym: [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh.
akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. Aim, Estimate.]

1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon. Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15. Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner. Famous men, — whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne.

2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship. Will he esteem thy riches Job xxxvi. 19. You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson.

Syn.
— To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere.
See Appreciate, Estimate.

ESTEEM
Es*teem", v. i.

Defn: To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider.
[Obs.]
We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is
of force. Milton.

ESTEEM
Es*teem", n. Etym: [Cf. F. estime. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price. Most dear in the esteem And poor in worth! Shak. I will deliver you, in ready coin, The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster.

2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth. Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak.

Syn.
— See Estimate, n.

ESTEEMABLE
Es*teem"a*ble, a.

Defn: Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] "Esteemable qualities." Pope.

ESTEEMER
Es*teem"er, n.

Defn: One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.
The proudest esteemer of his own parts. Locke.

ESTER
Es"ter, n. Etym: [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.]
(Chem.)

Defn: An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.

ESTHESIOMETER
Es*the`si*om"e*ter, n.

Defn: Same as Æsthesiometer.

ESTHETE; ESTHETIC; ESTHETICAL; ESTHETICS Es"thete, n.; Es*thet"ic (, a., Es*thet"ic*al (, a., Es*thet"ics (, n. etc.

Defn: Same as Æsthete, Æsthetic, Æsthetical, Æsthetics, etc.

ESTIFEROUS
Es*tif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing heat. [R.] Smart.

ESTIMABLE
Es"ti*ma*ble, a. Etym: [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. See
Esteem.]

1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. .

2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.] A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man, Is not so estimable, profitable neither, As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak.

3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard. A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. Sir W. Temple.

ESTIMABLE
Es"ti*ma*ble, n.

Defn: A thing worthy of regard. [R.]
One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne.

ESTIMABLENESS
Es"ti*ma*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of deserving esteem or regard.

ESTIMABLY
Es"ti*ma*bly, adv.

Defn: In an estimable manner.

ESTIMATE
Es"ti*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Estimating.] Etym: [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See Esteem, v.
t.]

1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, — either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person. It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke. It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living. J. C. Shairp.

2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land.

Syn. — To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. — To Estimate, Esteem. Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See Appreciate.

ESTIMATE
Es"ti*mate, n.

Defn: A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond. Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed. J. C. Shairp.

Syn. — Estimate, Estimation, Esteem. The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, — the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, "If he be poorer than thy estimation." Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, "I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation." Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. "Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection." Gogan. No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's Just estimation prized above all price. Cowper.

ESTIMATION Es`ti*ma"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F. estimation. See Esteem, v. t.]

1. The act of estimating. Shak.

2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities. If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him. Lev. xxvii. 8.

3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor. I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10.

4. Supposition; conjecture. I speak not this in estimation, As what I think might be, but what I know. Shak.

Syn. — Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See Estimate, n.

ESTIMATIVE
Es"ti*ma*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. estimatif.]

1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating. We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. Sir M. Hale.

2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]

ESTIMATOR
Es"ti*ma`tor, n. Etym: [L. aestimator.]

Defn: One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.

ESTIVAL; ESTIVATE; ESTIVATION
Es"ti*val, a., Es"ti*vate , v. i., Es`ti*va"tion , n.

Defn: Same as Æstival, Æstivate, etc.

ESTOILE
Es`toile", n. Etym: [OF.] (Her.)

Defn: A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet. [Written also étoile.] Estoile of eight points, a star which has four straight and four wavy rays. — Estoile of four points. Same as Cross estoilé, under Cross.

ESTOP
Es*top", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed; p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.]
Etym: [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. étouper, LL. stuppare to
close with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. Stop.]
(Law)

Defn: To impede or bar by estoppel. A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself. Abbott.

ESTOPPEL Es*top"pel, n. Etym: [From Estop.] (Law) (a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.

ESTOVERS Es*to"vers, n. pl. Etym: [OF. estoveir, estovoir, necessary, necessity, need, prop. an infin. meaning to suit, be fit, be necessary. See Stover.] (Law)

Defn: Necessaries or supples; an allowance to a person out of an estate or other thing for support; as of wood to a tenant for life, etc., of sustenance to a man confined for felony of his estate, or alimony to a woman divorced out of her husband's estate. Blackstone. Common of estovers. See under Common, n.

ESTRADE Es`trade", n. Etym: [F., fr. Sp. estrado, orig., a carpet on the floor of a room, also, a carpeted platform, fr. L. stratum bed covering. See Stratum.] (Arch.)

Defn: A portion of the floor of a room raised above the general level, as a place for a bed or a throne; a platform; a dais. He [the teacher] himself should have his desk on a mounted estrade or platform. J. G. Fitch.

ESTRAMACON
Es`tra`ma`con", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A straight, heavy sword with two edges, used in the 16th and 17th centuries.

2. A blow with edge of a sword. Farrow.

ESTRANGE
Es*trange", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estranged; p. pr. & vb. n.
Estranging.] Etym: [OF. estrangier to remove, F. étranger, L.
extraneare to treat as a stranger, from extraneus strange. See
Strange.]

1. To withdraw; to withhold; hence, reflexively, to keep at a distance; to cease to be familiar and friendly with. We must estrange our belief from everything which is not clearly and distinctly evidenced. Glanvill. Had we . . . estranged ourselves from them in things indifferent. Hooker.

2. To divert from its original use or purpose, or from its former possessor; to alienate. They . . . have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods. Jer. xix. 4.

3. To alienate the affections or confidence of; to turn from attachment to enmity or indifference. I do not know, to this hour, what it is that has estranged him from me. Pope. He . . . had pretended to be estranged from the Whigs, and had promised to act as a spy upon them. Macaulay.

ESTRANGEDNESS
Es*tran"ged*ness, n.

Defn: State of being estranged; estrangement. Prynne.

ESTRANGEMENT
Es*trange"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. estrangement.]

Defn: The act of estranging, or the state of being estranged;
alienation.
An estrangement from God. J. C. Shairp.
A long estrangement from better things. South.

ESTRANGER
Es*tran"ger, n.

Defn: One who estranges.

ESTRANGLE
Es*tran"gle, v. t.

Defn: To strangle. [Obs.]

ESTRAPADE
Es`tra*pade", n. Etym: [F.] (Man.)

Defn: The action of a horse, when, to get rid of his rider, he rears, plunges, and kicks furiously.

ESTRAY
Es*tray", v. i.

Defn: To stray. [Obs.] Daniel.

ESTRAY
Es*tray" n. (Law)

Defn: Any valuable animal, not wild, found wandering from its owner; a stray. Burrill.

ESTRE
Es"tre, n. Etym: [OF. estre state, plan.]

Defn: The inward part of a building; the interior. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ESTREAT
Es*treat", n. Etym: [OF. estraite, prop., an extract, fr. p. p. of
estraire to extract, F. extraire, fr. L.extrahere. See Extract.]
(Law)

Defn: A true copy, duplicate, or extract of an original writing or record, esp. of amercements or penalties set down in the rolls of court to be levied by the bailiff, or other officer. Cowell. Estreat of a recognizance, the extracting or taking out a forfeited recognizance from among the other records of the court, for the purpose of a prosecution in another court, or it may be in the same court. Burrill.

ESTREAT Es*treat", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estreated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estreating.] (Law) (a) To extract or take out from the records of a court, and send up to the court of exchequer to be enforced; — said of a forfeited recognizance. (b) To bring in to the exchequer, as a fine.

ESTREPE
Es*trepe", v. t. Etym: [OF. estreper.] (Law)

Defn: To strip or lay bare, as land of wood, houses, etc.; to commit waste.

ESTREPEMENT
Es*trepe"ment, n. Etym: [OF., damage, waste.] (Law)

Defn: A destructive kind of waste, committed by a tenant for life, in lands, woods, or houses. Cowell.

ESTRICH
Es"trich, n.

1. Ostrich. [Obs.] Massinger.

2. (Com.)

Defn: The down of the ostrich. Brande & C.

ESTUANCE
Es"tu*ance, n. Etym: [From L. aestuans, p. pr. of aestuare. See
Estuate.]

Defn: Heat. [Obs.]

ESTUARINE
Es"tu*a*rine, a.

Defn: Pertaining to an estuary; estuary.

ESTUARY Es"tu*a*ry, n.; pl. Estuaries. Etym: [L. aestuarium, from aestuare to surge. See Estuate.] [Written also æstuary.]

1. A place where water boils up; a spring that wells forth. [Obs.] Boyle.

2. A passage, as the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current; an arm of the sea; a frith. it to the sea was often by long and wide estuaries. Dana.

ESTUARY
Es"tu*a*ry, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or formed in, an estuary; as, estuary strata.
Lyell.

ESTUATE
Es"tu*ate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Estuated; p. pr. & vb. n. Estuating.]
Etym: [L. aestuare to be in violent motion, to boil up, burn, fr.
aestus boiling or undulating motion, fire, glow, heat; akin to
Gr.Ether.]

Defn: To boil up; to swell and rage; to be agitated. Bacon.

ESTUATION
Es`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. aestuatio.]

Defn: The act of estuating; commotion, as of a fluid; agitation.
The estuations of joys and fears. W. Montagu.

ESTUFA
Es*tu"fa, n.; pl. Estufas. Etym: [Sp., a stove, a warm room. Cf.
Stove.]

Defn: An assembly room in dwelling of the Pueblo Indians. L. H.
Morgan.

ESTURE
Es"ture, n. Etym: [See Estuate.]

Defn: Commotion. [Obs.] Chapman.

ESURIENT E*su"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. esuriens, p. pr. of ensurire, fr. edere to eat.]

Defn: Inclined to eat; hungry; voracious. [R.] Bailey. "Poor, but esurient." Carlyle.

ESURIENT
E*su"ri*ent, n.

Defn: One who is hungry or greedy. [R.]
An insatiable esurient after riches. Wood.

ESURINE
Es"u*rine, a. Etym: [See Esurient.]

Defn: Causing hunger; eating; corroding. [Obs.] Wiseman.

ESURINE
Es"u*rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A medicine which provokes appetites, or causes hunger. [Obs.]

-ET -et. Etym: [F. -et, masc., -ette, fem. Cf. -let.]

Defn: A noun suffix with a diminutive force; as in baronet, pocket, facet, floweret, latchet.

ETAAC
E*taac", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue buck.

ETACISM
E"ta*cism, n. Etym: [Gr. Itacism.] (Greek Gram.)

Defn: The pronunciation of the Greek ê (eta) like the Italian e long, that is like a in the English word ate. See Itacism.

ETACIST
E"ta*cist, n.

Defn: One who favors etacism.

ETAGERE É`ta`gère", n. Etym: [F., fr. étager to arrange on shelves, fr. étage story, floor. See Stage.]

Defn: A piece of furniture having a number of uninclosed shelves or stages, one above another, for receiving articles of elegance or use. Fairholt.

ETAMINE
Et"a*mine, n. [F. élamine.]

Defn: A light textile fabric, like a fine bunting.

ETAPE
É`tape", n. [F. Cf. Staple a mart.]

1.

Defn: A public storehouse.

2. Supplies issued to troops on the march; hence (Mil.),

Defn: the place where troops on the march halt over night; also, by extension, the distance marched during a day.

3. In Russia, a prison or stockade for the confinement of prisoners in transit.

ETAT MAJOR
É`tat" Ma`jor". Etym: [F., fr. état state + L. major greater.] (Mil.)

Defn: The staff of an army, including all officers above the rank of colonel, also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters, commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymasters, physicians, signal officers, judge advocates; also, the noncommissioned assistants of the above officers.

ET CETERA; ET CAETERA
Et` cet"e*ra, Et` cæt"e*ra. Etym: [L. et and + caetera other things.]

Defn: Others of the like kind; and the rest; and so on; — used to point out that other things which could be mentioned are to be understood. Usually abbreviated into etc. or &c. (&c). Shak.

ETCH
Etch, n.

Defn: A variant of Eddish. [Obs.] Mortimer.

ETCH Etch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etched; p. pr. & vb. n. Etching.] Etym: [D. etsen, G. ätzen to feed, corrode, etch. MHG. etzen, causative of ezzen to eat, G. essen Eat.]

1. To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.

Note: The plate is first covered with varnish, or some other ground capable of resisting the acid, and this is then scored or scratched with a needle, or similar instrument, so as to form the drawing; the plate is then covered with acid, which corrodes the metal in the lines thus laid bare.

2. To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal. I was etching a plate at the beginning of 1875. Hamerton.

3. To sketch; to delineate. [R.] There are many empty terms to be found in some learned writes, to which they had recourse to etch out their system. Locke.

ETCH
Etch, v. i.

Defn: To practice etching; to make etchings.

ETCHER
Etch"er, n.

Defn: One who etches.

ETCHING
Etch"ing, n.

1. The act, art, or practice of engraving by means of acid which eats away lines or surfaces left unprotected in metal, glass, or the like. See Etch, v. t.

2. A design carried out by means of the above process; a pattern on metal, glass, etc., produced by etching.

3. An impression on paper, parchment, or other material, taken in ink from an etched plate. Etching figures (Min.), markings produced on the face of a crystal by the action of an appropriate solvent. They have usually a definite form, and are important as revealing the molecular structure. — Etching needle, a sharp-pointed steel instrument with which lines are drawn in the ground or varnish in etching. — Etching stitch (Needlework), a stitch used outline embroidery.

ETEOSTIC
E`te*os"tic, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A kind of chronogram. [R.] B. Jonson.

ETERMINABLE
E*ter"mi*na*ble, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + terminable.]

Defn: Interminable. [Obs.] Skelton.

ETERN; ETERNE E*tern" or E*terne", a. Etym: [OF. eterne, L. aeternus, for aeviturnus, fr. aevum age. See Age, and cf. Eternal.]

Defn: Eternal. [Poetic] Shak.
Built up to eterne significance. Mrs. Browning.

ETERNAL
E*ter"nal, a. Etym: [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See
Etern.]

1. Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. The eternal God is thy refuge. Deut. xxxiii. 27. To know wether there were any real being, whose duration has been eternal. Locke.

2. Without end of existence or duration; everlasting; endless; immortal. That they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus, with eternal glory. 2 Tim. ii. 10.

3. Continued without intermission; perpetual; ceaseless; constant. And fires eternal in thy temple shine. Dryden.

4. Existing at all times without change; immutable. Hobbes believed the eternal truths which he opposed. Dryden. What are the eternal objects of poetry among all nations, and at all times M. Arnold.

5. Exceedingly great or bad; — used as a strong intensive. "Some eternal villain." The Eternal City, an appellation of Rome.

Syn. — Everlasting; endless; infinite; ceaseless; perpetual; interminable. See Everlasting.

ETERNAL
E*ter"nal, n.

1. One of the appellations of God. Law whereby the Eternal himself doth work. Hooker.

2. That which is endless and immortal. Young.

ETERNALIST
E*ter"nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who holds the existence of matter to be from eternity. T.
Burnet.

ETERNALIZE
E*ter"nal*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make eternal. Shelton.

ETERNALLY
E*ter"nal*ly, adv.

Defn: In an eternal manner.
That which is morally good or evil at any time or in any case, must
be also eternally and unchangeably so. South.
Where western gales eternally reside. Addison.

ETERNE
E*terne", a.

Defn: See Etern.

ETERNIFY
E*ter"ni*fy, v. t.

Defn: To make eternal. [Obs.]
Fame . . . eternifies the name. Mir. for Mag.

ETERNITY E*ter"ni*ty, n.; pl. Eternities. Etym: [F. éternité, L. aeternitas, fr. aeternus. See Etern.]

1. Infinite duration, without beginning in the past or end in the future; also, duration without end in the future; endless time. The high and lofty One, that inhabiteth eternity. Is. lvii. 15.

2. Condition which begins at death; immortality. Thou know'st 't is common; all that lives must die, Passing through nature to eternity. Shak.

ETERNIZATION
E*ter`ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act of eternizing; the act of rendering immortal or famous.

ETERNIZE
E*ter"nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eternized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Eterniziing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éterniser.]

1. To make eternal or endless. This other [gift] served but to eternize woe. Milton.

2. To make forever famous; to immortalize; as, to eternize one's self, a name, exploits. St. Alban's battle won by famous York, Shall be eternized in all age to come. Shak.

ETESIAN
E*te"sian, a. Etym: [L. etesiae, pl., periodic winds, Gr. étésien.]

Defn: Periodical; annual; — applied to winds which annually blow from the north over the Mediterranean, esp. the eastern part, for an irregular period during July and August.

ETHAL
Eth"al, n. Etym: [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. éthal.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white waxy solid, C16H33.OH; — called also cetylic alcohol.
See Cetylic alcohol, under Cetylic.

ETHANE
Eth"ane, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)

Defn: A gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H6, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also dimethyl.

ETHE
Ethe, a. Etym: [See Eath.]

Defn: Easy. [Obs.] Spenser.

ETHEL
Eth"el, a. Etym: [AS. e, æ. See Atheling.]

Defn: Noble. [Obs.]

ETHENE
Eth"ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Ethylene; olefiant gas.

ETHENIC
E*then"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from. or resembling, ethene or ethylene; as, ethenic ether.

ETHENYL Eth"e*nyl, n. Etym: [Ethene + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A trivalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3.C. (b) A univalent hydrocarbon radical of the ethylene series, CH2:CH; - - called also vinyl. See Vinyl.

ETHEOSTOMOID
E`the*os"to*moid, a. Etym: [NL. etheostoma name of a genus + -oid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or like, the genus Etheostoma.
— n.

Defn: Any fish of the genus Etheostoma and related genera, allied to the perches; — also called darter. The etheostomoids are small and often bright-colored fishes inhabiting the fresh waters of North America. About seventy species are known. See Darter.

ETHER
E"ther, n. Etym: [L. aether, Gr. idh, indh, and prob. to E. idle: cf.
F. éther.] [Written also æther.]

1. (Physics)

Defn: A medium of great elasticity and extreme tenuity, supposed to pervade all space, the interior of solid bodies not excepted, and to be the medium of transmission of light and heat; hence often called luminiferous ether.

2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself.

3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, (C2H5)2O, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also sulphuric ether. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an anæsthetic. Called also ethyl oxide.ethyl ether. (b) Any similar oxide of hydrocarbon radicals; as, amyl ether; valeric ether. Complex ether, Mixed ether (Chem.), an oxide of two different radicals in the same molecule; as, ethyl methyl ether, C2H5.O.CH3. — Compound ether (Chem.), an ethereal salt or a salt of some hydrocarbon as the base; an ester. — Ether engine (Mach.), a condensing engine like a steam engine, but operated by the vapor of ether instead of by steam.

ETHEREAL
E*the"re*al, a.

1. Pertaining to the hypothetical upper, purer air, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere; celestial; as, ethereal space; ethereal regions. Go, heavenly guest, ethereal messenger. Milton.

2. Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc. Vast chain of being, which from God began, Natures ethereal, human, angel, man. Pope.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, ether; as, ethereal salts. Ethereal oil. (Chem.) See Essential oil, under Essential. — Ethereal oil of wine (Chem.), a heavy, yellow, oily liquid consisting essentially of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate. It is the oily residuum left after etherification. Called also heavy oil of wine (distinguished from oil of wine, or oenanthic ether). — Ethereal salt (Chem.), a salt of some organic radical as a base; an ester.

ETHEREALISM
E*the"re*al*ism, n.

Defn: Ethereality.

ETHEREALITY
E*the`re*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being ethereal; etherealness.
Something of that ethereality of thought and manner which belonged to
Wordsworth's earlier lyrics. J. C. Shairp.

ETHEREALIZATION
E*the`re*al*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: An ethereal or spiritlike state. J. H. Stirling.

ETHEREALIZE
E*the"re*al*ize, v. t.

1. To convert into ether, or into subtile fluid; to saturate with ether.

2. To render ethereal or spiritlike. Etherealized, moreover, by spiritual communications with the other world. Hawthorne.

ETHEREALLY
E*the"re*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethereal manner.

ETHEREALNESS
E*the"re*al*ness, n.

Defn: Ethereality.

ETHEREOUS
E*the"re*ous, a. Etym: [L.aethereus, Gr. Ether.]

1. Formed of ether; ethereal. [Obs.] This ethereous mold whereon we stand. Milton.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, either. Ethereous oil. See
Ethereal oil, under Ethereal.

ETHERIFICATION
E*ther`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of making ether; specifically, the process by which a large quantity of alcohol is transformed into ether by the agency of a small amount of sulphuric, or ethyl sulphuric, acid.

ETHERIFORM
E*ther"i*form, a. Etym: [Ether + form.]

Defn: Having the form of ether.

ETHERIN
E"ther*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline hydrocarbon, regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, obtained in heavy oil of wine, the residue left after making ether; — formerly called also concrete oil of wine.

ETHERIZATION E`ther*i*za"tion n. (Med.) (a) The administration of ether to produce insensibility. (b) The state of the system under the influence of ether.

ETHERIZE
E"ther*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Etherized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Etherizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. éthériser.]

1. To convert into ether.

2. To render insensible by means of ether, as by inhalation; as, to etherize a patient.

ETHEROL
E"ther*ol, n. Etym: [Ether + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: An oily hydrocarbon regarded as a polymeric variety of ethylene, produced with etherin.

ETHIC; ETHICAL Eth"ic, Eth"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethicus, Gr. sidus, G. sitte, Skr. svadh, prob. orig., one's own doing; sva self + dh to set: cf. F. éthique. See So, Do.]

Defn: Of, or belonging to, morals; treating of the moral feelings or duties; containing percepts of morality; moral; as, ethic discourses or epistles; an ethical system; ethical philosophy. The ethical meaning of the miracles. Trench. Ethical dative (Gram.), a use of the dative of a pronoun to signify that the person or thing spoken of is regarded with interest by some one; as, Quid mihi Celsus agit How does my friend Celsus do

ETHICALLY
Eth"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to, in harmony with, moral principles or character.

ETHICIST
Eth"i*cist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in ethics, or has written on ethics.

ETHICS
Eth"ics, n. Etym: [Cf. F. éthique. See Ethic.]

Defn: The science of human duty; the body of rules of duty drawn from this science; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics. The completeness and consistency of its morality is the peculiar praise of the ethics which the Bible has taught. I. Taylor.

ETHIDE
Eth"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any compound of ethyl of a binary type; as, potassium ethide.

ETHIDENE
Eth"i*dene, n. Etym: [From Ether.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethylidene. [Obs.]

ETHINE
Eth"ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Acetylene.

ETHIONIC
Eth`i*on"ic, a. Etym: [Ethyl + thionic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid so called. Ethionic acid (Chem.), a liquid derivative of ethylsulphuric and sulphuric (thionic) acids, obtained by the action of sulphur trioxide on absolute alcohol.

ETHIOP; ETHIOPIAN
E"thi*op, E`thi*o"pi*an, n. Etym: [L. Aethiops, Gr.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia; also, in a general sense, a negro or black man.

ETHIOPIAN; ETHIOPIC
E`thi*o"pi*an, E`thi*op"ic, a.

Defn: Of or relating to Ethiopia or the Ethiopians.

ETHIOPIC
E`thi*op"ic, n.

Defn: The language of ancient Ethiopia; the language of the ancient Abyssinian empire (in Ethiopia), now used only in the Abyssinian church. It is of Semitic origin, and is also called Geez.

ETHIOPS
E"thi*ops n. Etym: [NL. See Ethiop.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: A black substance; — formerly applied to various preparations of a black or very dark color. [Written also Æthiops.] [Obs.] Ethiops martial (Old Chem.), black oxide of iron. — Ethiops mineral (Old Chem.), black sulphide of mercury, obtained by triturating mercury with sulphur. — Ethiops per se (Old Chem.), mercury in finely divided state, having the appearance of a dark powder, obtained by shaking it up or by exposure to the air.

ETHMOID; ETHMOIDAL Eth"moid, Eth*moid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. ethmoïde, ethmoïdal.] (Anat.) (a) Like a sieve; cribriform. (b) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the ethmoid bone. Ethmoid bone (Anat.), a bone of complicated structure through which the olfactory nerves pass out of the cranium and over which they are largely distributed.

ETHMOID
Eth"moid n. (Anat.)

Defn: The ethmoid bone.

ETHMOTRUBINAL
Eth`mo*tru"bi*nal, a. Etym: [Ethmoid + turbinal.]

Defn: See Turbinal.
— n.

Defn: An ethmoturbinal bone.

ETHMOVOMERINE
Eth`mo*vo"mer*ine, n. Etym: [Ethmoid + vomerine.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the region of the vomer and the base of the ethmoid in the skull. Ethmovomerine plate (Anat.), a cartilaginous plate beneath the front of the fetal brain which the ethmoid region of the skull is developed.

ETHNARCH
Eth"narch, n. Etym: [Gr. -arch.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: The governor of a province or people. Lew Wallace.

ETHNARCHY
Eth"narch*y n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dominion of an ethnarch; principality and rule. Wright.

ETHNIC; ETHNICAL
Eth"nic, Eth"nic*al, a. Etym: [L. ethnicus, Gr. ethnique.]

1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.

2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; — opposed to Jewish and Christian.

ETHNIC
Eth"nic n.

Defn: A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]
No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs. Milton.

ETHNICALLY
Eth"nic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnical manner.

ETHNICISM
Eth"ni*cism n.

Defn: Heathenism; paganism; idolatry. [Obs.] "Taint of ethnicism." B.
Jonson.

ETHNOGRAPHER
Eth*nog"ra*pher n.

Defn: One who investigates ethnography.

ETHNOGRAPHIC; ETHNOGRAPHICAL Eth`no*graph"ic, Eth`no*graph"ic*al,. a. Etym: [Cf. F. ethnographique.]

Defn: pertaining to ethnography.

ETHNOGRAPHICALLY
Eth`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnographical manner.

ETHNOGRAPHY
Eth*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy: cf. F. ethnographie.]

Defn: That branch of knowledge which has for its subject the characteristics of the human family, developing the details with which ethnology as a comparative science deals; descriptive ethnology. See Ethnology.

ETHNOLOGIC; ETHNOLOGICAL
Eth`no*log"ic, Eth`no*log"ic*al, a

Defn: Of or pertaining to ethnology.

ETHNOLOGICALLY
Eth`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ethnological manner; by ethnological classification; as, one belonging ethnologically to an African race.

ETHNOLOGIST
Eth*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in ethnology; a student of ethnology.

ETHNOLOGY
Eth*nol"o*gy n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the division of mankind into races, their origin, distribution, and relations, and the peculiarities which characterize them.

ETHOLOGIC; ETHOLOGICAL
Eth`o*log"ic, Eth`o*log"ic*al, a Etym: [See Ethology.]

Defn: treating of, or pertaining to, ethnic or morality, or the science of character. J. S. Mill.

ETHOLOGIST
E*thol"o*gist n.

Defn: One who studies or writes upon ethology.

ETHOLOGY
E*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. A treatise on morality; ethics.

2. The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual. J. S. Mill.

ETHOPOETIC
Eth"o*po*et"ic. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expressing character. [Obs.] Urquhart.

ETHOS
E"thos, n. [L., fr. Gr. character. See Ethic.]

1.

Defn: The character, sentiment, or disposition of a community or people, considered as a natural endowment; the spirit which actuates manners and customs; also, the characteristic tone or genius of an institution or social organization.

2. (Æsthetics) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character — character as influenced by the ethos (sense 1) of a people — rather than realistic or emotional situations or individual character in a narrow sense; — opposed to pathos.

ETHULE
Eth"ule Etym: [Ether + Gr. Ethyl, and see -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethyl. [Obs.]

ETHYL
Eth"yl, n. Etym: [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, C2H5 of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether. Ethyl aldehyde. (Chem.) See Aldehyde.

ETHYLAMINE
Eth`yl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Ethyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, mobile, inflammable liquid, C2H5.NH2, very volatile and with an ammoniacal odor. It is a strong base, and is a derivative of ammonia. Called also ethyl carbamine, and amido ethane.

ETHYLATE
Eth"yl*ate. Etym: [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound derived from ethyl alcohol by the replacement of the hydroxyl hydrogen, after the manner of a hydrate; an ethyl alcoholate; as, potassium ethylate, C2H5.O.K.

ETHYLENE
Eth"yl*ene, n. [From Ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, C2H4, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), — hence called olefiant gas. Called also ethene, elayl, and formerly, bicarbureted hydrogen. Ethylene series (Chem.), the series if unsaturated hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the type, and represented by the general formula CnH2n.

ETHYLIC
E*thyl"ic. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, ethyl; as, ethylic alcohol.

ETHYLIDENE
E*thyl"i*dene. (Chem.)

Defn: An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, C2H4 metameric with ethylene but written thus, CH3.CH to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, CH2.CH2. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also ethidene.

ETHYLIN
Eth"yl*in. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of the several complex ethers of ethyl and glycerin.

ETHYLSULPHURIC
Eth`yl*sul*phu"ric a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, ethyl and sulphuric acid. Ethylsulphuric acid (Chem.), an acid sulphate of ethyl, H.C2H5.SO4, produced as a thick liquid by the action of sulphiric acid on alcohol. It appears to be the active catalytic agent in the process of etherification.

ETIOLATE
E"ti*o*late. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Etiolated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Etiolating.] Etym: [F. étioler to blanch.]

1. To become white or whiter; to be whitened or blanched by excluding the light of the sun, as, plants.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To become pale through disease or absence of light.

ETIOLATE
E"ti*o*late, v. t.

1. To blanch; to bleach; to whiten by depriving of the sun's rays.

2. (Med.)

Defn: To cause to grow pale by disease or absence of light.

ETIOLATE; ETIOLATED
E"ti*o*late, E"ti*o*la`ted, a.

Defn: Having a blanched or faded appearance, as birds inhabiting desert regions.

ETIOLATION
E`ti*o*la"tion, n.

1. The operation of blanching plants, by excluding the light of the sun; the condition of a blanched plant.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Paleness produced by absence of light, or by disease. Dunglison.

ETIOLIN
E"ti*o*lin, n. Etym: [See Etiolate.] (Bot.)

Defn: A yellowish coloring matter found in plants grown in darkness, which is supposed to be an antecedent condition of chlorophyll. Encyc. Brit.

ETIOLOGICAL
E`ti*o*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes; ætiological.

ETIOLOGY
E`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étiologie.]

Defn: The science of causes. Same as tiology.

ETIQUETTE Et"i*quette`, n. Etym: [F. prop., a little piece of paper, or a mark or title, affixed to a bag or bundle, expressing its contents, a label, ticket, OF.estiquete, of German origin; cf. LG. stikke peg, pin, tack, stikken to stick, G. stecken. See Stick, and cf. Ticket.]

Defn: The forms required by good breeding, or prescribed by authority, to be observed in social or official life; observance of the proprieties of rank and occasion; conventional decorum; ceremonial code of polite society. The pompous etiquette to the court of Louis the Fourteenth. Prescott.

ETNA
Et"na, n.

Defn: A kind of small, portable, cooking apparatus for which heat is
furnished by a spirit lamp.
There should certainly be an etna for getting a hot cup of coffee in
a hurry. V. Baker.

ETNEAN
Et*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. Aetnaeus, Gr. , fr.Aetna, Aetne).]

Defn: Pertaining to Etna, a volcanic mountain in Sicily.

ETOILE
E`toile", n. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: See Estoile.

ETRURIAN
E*tru"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to ancient Etruria, in Italy. "Etrurian Shades."
Milton, — n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

ETRUSCAN
E*trus"can, n. Etym: [L. Etruscus.]

Defn: Of or relating to Etruria.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Etruria.

ETTER PIKE
Et"ter pike`, n. Etym: [Cf. Atter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stingfish, or lesser weever (Tranchinus vipera).

ETTIN Et"tin, n. Etym: [SA. eten, eoten, orig., gluttonous, fr. etan to eat.]

Defn: A giant. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

ETTLE
Et"tle, v. t. Etym: [Perh. the same word as addle to earn; bur cf.
OE. atlien, etlien, to intend, prepare, Icel. ætla to think, suppose,
mean.]

Defn: To earn. [Obs.] See Addle, to earn. Boucher.

ETUDE
E`tude", n. Etym: [F. See Study.]

1. A composition in the fine arts which is intended, or may serve, for a study.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A study; an exercise; a piece for practice of some special point of technical execution.

ETUI
E`tui", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A case for one several small articles; esp., a box in which scissors, tweezers, and other articles of toilet or of daily use are carried.

ETWEE
Et*wee", n.

Defn: See . Shenstone.

ETYM
Et"ym, n.

Defn: See Etymon. H. F. Talbot.

ETYMIC
E*tym"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the etymon; as, an etymic word.

ETYMOLOGER
Et`y*mol"o*ger, n.

Defn: An etymologist.

ETYMOLOGICAL
Et`y*mo*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. etymologicus, Gr. étimilogique. See
Etymology.]

Defn: Pertaining to etymology, or the derivation of words.
— Et`y*mo*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

ETYMOLOGICON
Et`y*mo*log"i*con, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: an etymological dictionary or manual.

ETYMOLOGIST
Et`y*mol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. étymologiste.]

Defn: One who investigates the derivation of words.

ETYMOLOGIZE
Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. étymologiser.]

Defn: To give the etymology of; to trace to the root or primitive, as a word. Camden

ETYMOLOGIZE
Et`y*mol"o*gize, v. t.

Defn: To search into the origin of words; to deduce words from their
simple roots.
How perilous it is to etymologize at random. Trench.

ETYMOLOGY Et`y*mol"o*gy, n.; pl. Etymologies. Etym: [L.etymologia, Gr. étymologie. See Etymon, and -logy.]

1. That branch of philological science which treats of the history of words, tracing out their origin, primitive significance, and changes of from and meaning.

2. That pert of grammar which relates to the changes in the form of the words in a language; inflection.

ETYMON Et"y*mon, n.; pl. E. Etymons, Gr. Etyma. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. sotya, E. sooth. See Sooth.]

Defn: 1. An original form; primitive word; root.

2. Original or fundamental signification. [R.] Given as the etymon or genuine sense of the word. Coleridge.

ETYPICAL
E*typ"ic*al, a. Etym: [Pref. e- + typical.] (Biol.)

Defn: Diverging from, or lacking conformity to, a type.

EU Eu. Etym: [Gr. su, from the same root as E. is; or with Skr. vasu good, prob. fr. the same root as E. was.]

Defn: A prefix used frequently in composition, signifying well, good, advantageous; — the opposite of dys-.

EUCAIRITE
Eu*cai"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A metallic mineral, a selenide of copper and silver; — so called by Berzelius on account of its being found soon after the discovery of the metal selenium.

EUCALYN
Eu"ca*lyn, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar, obtained as an uncrystallizable sirup by the decomposition of melitose; also obtained from a Tasmanian eucalyptus, — whence its name.

EUCALYPTOL
Eu`ca*lyp*tol, n. Etym: [Eucalyptus + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A volatile, terpenelike oil extracted from the eucalyptus, and consisting largely of cymene.

EUCALYPTUS
Eu`ca*lyp"tus, n. Etym: [NL., from GR. (Bot.)

Defn: A myrtaceous genus of trees, mostly Australian. Many of them grow to an immense height, one or two species exceeding the height even of the California Sequoia.

Note: They have rigid, entire leaves with one edge turned toward the zenith. Most of them secrete resinous gums, whence they called gum trees, and their timber is of great value. Eucalyptus Globulus is the blue gum; E. aigantea, the stringy bark: E. amygdalina, the peppermint tree. E. Gunnii, the Tasmanian cider tree, yields a refreshing drink from wounds made in the bark in the spring. Center species yield oils, tars, acids, dyes and tans. It is said that miasmatic valleys in Algeria and Portugal, and a part of the unhealthy Roman Campagna, have been made more salubrious by planting groves of these trees.

EUCHARIS
Eu"cha*ris, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. eucharis agreeable, Gr. Eucharist.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of South American amaryllidaceous plants with large and beautiful white blossoms.

EUCHARIST
Eu"cha*rist, n. Etym: [L. euchaistia, Gr. yearn: cf. F. euchaistie.]

1. The act of giving thanks; thanksgiving. [Obs.] Led through the vale of tears to the region of eucharist and hallelujahs. South.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The sacrament of the Lord's Supper; the solemn act of ceremony of commemorating the death of Christ, in the use of bread and wine, as the appointed emblems; the communion. — See Sacrament.

EUCHARISTIC; EUCHARISTICAL
Eu`cha*ris"tic, Eu`cha*ris"tic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. eucharistie.]

1. Giving thanks; expressing thankfulness; rejoicing. [Obs.] The eucharistical part of our daily devotions. Ray.

2. Pertaining to the Lord's Supper. "The eucharistic sacrament." Sir. G. C. Lewis.

EUCHITE
Eu"chite, n. Etym: [From Gr.

Defn: One who resolves religion into prayer. [Obs.] Gauden.

EUCHLORIC
Eu*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Relating to, or consisting of, euchlorine; as, euchloric .
Davy.

EUCHLORINE
Eu*chlo"rine, n. Etym: [Cf. F. euchlorine. See Euchloric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow or greenish yellow gas, first prepared by Davy, evolved from potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. It is supposed to consist of chlorine tetroxide with some free chlorine.

EUCHOLOGION; EUCHOLOGY
Eu`cho*lo"gi*on, Eu*chol"o*gy, n. Etym: [NL. euchologion, Gr. (Eccl.)

Defn: A formulary of prayers; the book of offices in the Greek
Church, containing the liturgy, sacraments, and forms of prayers.

EUCHOLOGUE
Eu"cho*logue, n. Etym: [F. euchologe.]

Defn: Euchology. [R.]

EUCHRE
Eu"chre, n. Etym: [Perh. from F. écarté.]

Defn: A game at cards, that may be played by two, three, or four persons, the highest card (except when an extra card called the Joker is used) being the knave of the same suit as the trump, and called right bower, the lowest card used being the seven, or frequently, in two-handed euchre, the nine spot. See Bower.

EUCHRE
Eu"chre, v. t.

1. To defeat, in a game of euchre, the side that named the trump.

2. To defeat or foil thoroughly in any scheme. [Slang.]

EUCHROIC
Eu*chro"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Having a fine color. Euchroic acid (Chem.), an organic, imide acid, obtained as a colorless crystalline substance, C12H4N2O8 by heating an ammonium salt of mellitic acid. By reduction it is changed to a dark blue substance (euchrone), — hence its name.

EUCHROITE
Eu"chro*ite, n. Etym: [See Euchroic.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral occurring in transparent emerald green crystals. It is hydrous arseniate of copper.

EUCHRONE
Eu"chrone n. (Chem.)

Defn: A substance obtained from euchroic acid. See Eychroic.

EUCHYMY
Eu"chy*my, n. Etym: [Gr. Chyme.] (Med.)

Defn: A good state of he blood and other fluids of the body.

EUCLASE Eu"clase n. Etym: [Gr. euclase, G. euklas. See named from its brittleness.] (Min.)

Defn: A brittle gem occurring in light green, transparent crystals, affording a brilliant clinodiagonal cleavage. It is a silicate of alumina and glucina.

EUCLID
Eu"clid, n.

Defn: A Greek geometer of the 3d century

EUCLIDIAN
Eu*clid"i*an, n.

Defn: Related to Euclid, or to the geometry of Euclid. Euclidian space (Geom.), the kind of space to which the axioms and definitions of Euclid, relative to straight lines and parallel lines, apply; — called also flat space, and homaloidal space.

EUCOPEPODA
Eu`co*pep"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eu- and Copepoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group which includes the typical copepods and the lerneans.

EUCRASY
Eu"cra*sy. Etym: [Gr. eucrasie.] (Med.)

Defn: Such a due mixture of qualities in bodies as constitutes health or soundness. Quincy.

EUCTICAL
Euc"tic*al Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Expecting a wish; supplicatory. [R.] Sacrifices . . . distinguished into expiatory, euctical, and eucharistical. Bp. Law.

EUDEMON; EUDAEMON
Eu*de"mon, Eu*dæ"mon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A good angel. Southey.

EUDEMONICS; EUDAEMONICS
Eu`de*mon"ics, Eu`dæ*mon"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Eudemonism.]

Defn: That part of moral philosophy which treats of happiness; the science of happiness; — contrasted with aretaics. J. Grote.

EUDEMONISM; EUDAEMONISM
Eu*de"mon*ism, Eu*dæ"mon*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Demon.]

Defn: That system of ethics which defines and enforces moral obligation by its relation to happiness or personal well-being.

EUDEMONIST; EUDAEMONIST
Eu*de"mon*ist, Eu*dæ"mon*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in eudemonism. I am too much of a eudæmonist; I hanker too much after a state of happiness both for myself and others. De Quincey.

EUDEMONISTIC; EUDAEMONISTIC
Eu*de`mon*is"tic , Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eudemonism.

EUDEMONISTICAL; EUDAEMONISTICAL
Eu*de`mon*is"tic*al, Eu*dæ`mon*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Eudemonistic.

EUDIALYTE
Eu*di"a*lyte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a brownish red color and vitreous luster, consisting chiefly of the silicates of iron, zirconia, and lime.

EUDIOMETER
Eu`di*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. ediomètre.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for the volumetric measurement of gases; — so named because frequently used to determine the purity of the air.

Note: It usually consists of a finely graduated and calibrated glass tube, open at one end, the bottom; and having near the top a pair of platinum wires fused in, to allow the passage of an electric spark, as the process involves the explosion and combustion of one of the ingredients to be determined. The operation is conducted in a through of mercury, or sometimes over water. Cf. Burette. Use's ediometer has the tube bent in the form of the letter. U.

EUDIOMETRIC; EUDIOMETRICAL
Eu`di*o*met"ric, Eu`di*o*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a eudiometer; as, eudiometrical experiments or results.

EUDIOMETRY
Eu`di*om"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. eudiométrie.] (Chem.)

Defn: The art or process of determining he constituents of a gaseous mixture by means of the eudiometer, or for ascertaining the purity of the air or the amount of oxygen in it.

EUDIPLEURA
Eu`di*pleu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fundamental forms of organic life, that are composed of two equal and symmetrical halves. Syd. Soc. Lex.

EUDOXIAN
Eu*dox"i*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eudoxius, patriarch of Antioch and Constantinople in the 4th century, and a celebrated defender of the doctrines of Arius.

EUGANOIDEI
Eu`ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. GR. ganoidei. See Ganoid.]
(Zoöl)

Defn: A group which includes the bony ganoids, as the gar pikes.

EUGE
Eu"ge, n. Etym: [L., well done! bravo! Gr.

Defn: Applause. [Obs.] Hammond.

EUGENESIS
Eu*gen"e*sis, n. [Pref. eu- + genesis.] (Biol.)

Defn: The quality or condition of having strong reproductive powers; generation with full fertility between different species or races, specif. between hybrids of the first generation.

EUGENIA
Eu*ge"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A genus of mytraceous plants, mostly of tropical countries, and including several aromatic trees and shrubs, among which are the trees which produce allspice and cloves of commerce.

EUGENIC
Eu*gen"ic, a. Etym: [See Eugenia.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, cloves; as, eugenic acid.

EUGENIC
Eu*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Well-born; of high birth. Atlantic Monthly.

EUGENICS
Eu*gen"ics, n.

Defn: The science of improving stock, whether human or animal. F.
Galton.

EUGENIN
Eu"ge*nin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline substance extracted from oil of cloves; — called also clove camphor.

EUGENOL
Eu"ge*nol, n. Etym: [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, C10H12O2 resembling the phenols, and hence also called eugenic acid. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves.

EUGENY
Eu"ge*ny. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Nobleness of birth. [Obs.]

EUGETIC; EUGETINIC
Eu*get"ic, Eu`ge*tin"ic, a. (Chem)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, eugenol; as, eugetic acid.

EUGH
Eugh, n. Etym: [See Yew.]

Defn: The yew. [Obs.] Dryden.

EUGUBIAN; EUGUBINE
Eu*gu"bi*an, Eu"gu*bine, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the ancient town of Eugubium (now Gubbio); as, the Eugubine tablets, or tables, or inscriptions.

EUHARMONIC
Eu`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. -eu + harmonic.] (Mus.)

Defn: Producing mathematically perfect harmony or concord; sweetly or perfectly harmonious.

EUHEMERISM
Eu*hem"er*ism n. Etym: [L. Euhemerus, Gr.

Defn: The theory, held by Euhemerus, that the gods of mythology were but deified mortals, and their deeds only the amplification in imagination of human acts.

EUHEMERIST
Eu*hem"er*ist, n.

Defn: One who advocates euhemerism.

EUHEMERISTIC
Eu*hem`er*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to euhemerism.

EUHEMERIZE
Eu*hem"er*ize v. t.

Defn: To interpret (mythology) on the theory of euhemerism.

EUISOPODA
Eu`i*sop"o*da. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eu- and Isopoda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group which includes the typical Isopoda.

EULACHON
Eu"la*chon, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The candlefish. [Written also oulachan, oolacan, and ulikon.]
See Candlefish.

EULERIAN
Eu*le"ri*an a.

Defn: Pertaining Euler, a German mathematician of the 18th century. Eulerian integrals, certain definite integrals whose properties were first investigated by Euler.

EULOGIC; EULOGICAL
Eu*log"ic, Eu*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [See Eulogy.]

Defn: Bestowing praise of eulogy; commendatory; eulogistic. [R.] —
Eu*log"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

EULOGIST
Eu"lo*gist n.

Defn: One who eulogizes or praises; panegyrist; encomiast. Buckle.

EULOGISTIC; EULOGISTICAL
Eu`lo*gis"tic, Eu`lo*gis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to eulogy; characterized by eulogy; bestowing
praise; panegyrical; commendatory; laudatory; as, eulogistic speech
or discourse.
— Eu"lo*gis"tic*al*ly, adv.

EULOGIUM
Eu*lo"gi*um n.; pl. Eulogiums. Etym: [LL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A formal eulogy. Smollett.

EULOGIZE
Eu"lo*gize v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eulogized. (p. pr. & vb. n.
Eulogizing.]

Defn: To speak or write in commendation of (another); to extol in speech or writing; to praise.

EULOGY
Eu"lo*gy, n.; pl. Eulogies. Etym: [Gr. Eulogium, and see Legend.]

Defn: A speech or writing in commendation of the character or services of a person; as, a fitting eulogy to worth. Eulogies turn into elegies. Spenser.

Syn. — Encomium; praise; panegyric; applause. — Eulogy, Eulogium, Encomium, Panegyric. The idea of praise is common to all these words. The word encomium is used of both persons and things which are the result of human action, and denotes warm praise. Eulogium and eulogy apply only to persons and are more studied and of greater length. A panegyric was originally a set speech in a full assembly of the people, and hence denotes a more formal eulogy, couched in terms of warm and continuous praise, especially as to personal character. We may bestow encomiums on any work of art, on production of genius, without reference to the performer; we bestow eulogies, or pronounce a eulogium, upon some individual distinguished for his merit public services; we pronounce a panegyric before an assembly gathered for the occasion.

EULYTITE
Eu"ly*tite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: a mineral, consisting chiefly of the silicate of bismuth, found at Freiberg; — called also culytine.

EUMENIDES
Eu*men"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [L., from Gr. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: A euphemistic name for the Furies of Erinyes.

EUMOLPUS
Eu*mol"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles, one species of which (E. viti) is very injurious to the vines in the wine countries of Europe.

EUNOMIAN
Eu*no"mi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus (4th century A. D.), who held that Christ was not God but a created being, having a nature different from that of the Father. — a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Eunomius or his doctrine.

EUNOMY
Eu"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Equal law, or a well-adjusted constitution of government. [R.]
Mitford.

EUNUCH
Eu"nuch, n. Etym: [L. eunuchus, Gr.

Defn: A male of the human species castrated; commonly, one of a class of such persons, in Oriental countries, having charge of the women's apartments. Some of them, in former times, gained high official rank.

EUNUCH; EUNUCHATE
Eu"nuch, Eu"nuch*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. eunuchare.]

Defn: To make a eunuch of; to castrate. as a man. Creech. Sir. T.
Browne.

EUNUCHISM Eu"nuch*ism, n. Etym: [L. eunuchismus an unmanning, Gr. eunuchisme eunuchism.]

Defn: The state of being eunuch. Bp. Hall.

EUONYMIN
Eu*on"y*min, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle or mixture of principles derived from Euonymus atropurpureus, or spindle tree.

EUONYMUS
Eu*on"y*mus, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. L. euonymos). fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of small European and American trees; the spindle tree.
The bark is used as a cathartic.

EUORNITHES
Eu`or*ni"thes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr., Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Aves which includes all the typical birds, or all living birds except the penguins and birds of ostrichlike form.

EUOSMITTE
Eu*os"mitte, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A fossil resin, so called from its strong, peculiar, pleasant odor.

EUPATHY
Eu"pa*thy, n. Etym: [Gr. Eu-, and Pathetic.]

Defn: Right feeling. [R.] Harris.

EUPATORIN; EUPATORINE
Eu*pat"o*rin Eu*pat"o*rine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle or mixture of principles extracted from various species of Eupatorium.

EUPATORIUM Eu`pa*to"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Eupator, king of Pontus, said to have used it as a medicine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial, composite herbs including hemp agrimony, boneset, throughwort, etc.

EUPATRID
Eu"pa*trid, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One well born, or of noble birth.

EUPEPSIA; EUPEPSY
Eu*pep"si*a, Eu*pep"sy, n. Etym: [NL. eupepsia, Fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Soundness of the nutritive or digestive organs; good concoction or digestion; — opposed to dyspepsia.

EUPEPTIC
Eu*pep"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to good digestion; easy of digestion; having a good digestion; as, eupeptic food; an eupeptic man. Wrapt in lazy eupeptic fat. Carlyle.

EUPHEMISM
Eu"phe*mism, n. Etym: [Gr. euphémisme. See Fame.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which a harts or indelicate word or expression is softened; a way of describing an offensive thing by an inoffensive expression; a mild name for something disagreeable.

EUPHEMISTIC; EUPHEMISTICAL
Eu`phe*mis"tic, Eu`phe*mis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to euphemism; containing a euphemism; softened in
expression.
— Eu`phe*mis"tic*al*ly, adv.

EUPHEMIZE
Eu"phe*mize, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Euphemized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Euphemizing.] Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To express by a euphemism, or in delicate language; to make use of euphemistic expressions.

EUPHONIAD
Eu*pho"ni*ad, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument in which are combined the characteristic tones of the organ and various other instruments. [R.]

EUPHONIC; EUPHONICAL
Eu*phon"ic, Eu*phon"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or exhibiting, euphony; agreeable in sound; pleasing to the ear; euphonious; as, a euphonic expression; euphonical orthography.

EUPHONICON
Eu*phon"i*con, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of uptight piano.

EUPHONIOUS
Eu*pho"ni*ous, a.

Defn: Pleasing or sweet in sound; euphonic; smooth-sounding. Hallam.
— Eu*pho"ni*ous*ly, adv.

EUPHONISM
Eu"pho*nism, n.

Defn: An agreeable combination of sounds; euphony.

EUPHONIUM
Eu*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: A bass instrument of the saxhorn family.

EUPHONIZE
Eu"pho*nize, v. t.

Defn: To make euphonic. [R.]

EUPHONON
Eu"pho*non, n. Etym: [See Euphony.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument resembling the organ in tine and the upright piano in form. It is characterized by great strength and sweetness of tone.

EUPHONOUS
Eu"pho*nous, n.

Defn: Euphonious. [R.]

EUPHONY
Eu"pho*ny, n.; pl. Euphonies. Etym: [L. euphonia, Gr. euphonie.]

Defn: A pleasing or sweet sound; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds; a pronunciation of letters and syllables which is pleasing to the ear.

EUPHORBIA
Eu*phor"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. euphorbea. See Euphorrium.]
(Bot.)

Defn: Spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species, mostly shrubby, herbaceous succulents, affording an acrid, milky juice. Some of them are armed with thorns. Most of them yield powerful emetic and cathartic products.

EUPHORBIACEOUS; EUPHORBIAL
Eu*phor`bi*a"ceous, Eu*phor"bi*al, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, the Euphorbia family.

EUPHORBIN; EUPHORBINE
Eu*phor"bin Eu*phor"bine, n. (Med.)

Defn: A principle, or mixture of principles, derived from various species of Euphorbia.

EUPHORBIUM Eu*phor"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. euphorbeum, from Gr. Euphorbus, a Greek physician.] (Med.)

Defn: An inodorous exudation, usually in the form of yellow tears, produced chiefly by the African Euphorbia resinifrea. It was formerly employed medicinally, but was found so violent in its effects that its use is nearly abandoned.

EUPHOTIDE
Eu"pho*tide, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A rock occurring in the Alps, consisting of saussurite and smaragdite; — sometimes called gabbro.

EUPHRASY
Eu"phra*sy, n. Etym: [NL. euphrasia, fr. Gr. eufrasia, F. eufrasie.]
(Bot.)

Defn: The plant eyesight (euphrasia officionalis), formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes. Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton.

EUPHROE
Eu"phroe, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A block or long slat of wood, perforated for the passage of the crowfoot, or cords by which an awning is held up. [Written also uphroe and uvrou.] Knight.

EUPHUISM
Eu"phu*ism, n. Etym: [Gr. Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit," and
"Euphues and his England."] (Rhet.)

Defn: An affectation of excessive elegance and refinement of language; high-flown diction.

EUPHUIST
Eu"phu*ist, n.

Defn: One who affects excessive refinement and elegance of language; — applied esp. to a class of writers, in the age of Elizabeth, whose productions are marked by affected conceits and high-flown diction.

EUPHUISTIC
Eu`phu*is"tic, a.

Defn: Belonging to the euphuists, or euphuism; affectedly refined.

EUPHUIZE
Eu"phu*ize, v. t.

Defn: To affect excessive refinement in language; to be overnice in expression.

EUPIONE
Eu"pi*one, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A limpid, oily liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of various vegetable and animal substances; — specifically, an oil consisting largely of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series. [Written also eupion.]

EUPITTONE
Eu*pit"tone, n. Etym: [Pref. eu- + pittacal + -one.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, resembling aurin, and obtained by the oxidation of pittacal; — called also eupittonic acid. [Written also eupitton.]

EUPITTONIC
Eu`pit*ton"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, eupittone.

EUPLASTIC
Eu*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. eu- + -plastic.] (Med.)

Defn: Having the capacity of becoming organizable in a high degree, as the matter forming the false membranes which sometimes result from acute inflammation in a healthy person. Dunglison.

EUPLASTIC
Eu*plas"tic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Organizable substance by which the tissues of an animal body are renewed.

EUPLECTELLA
Eu`plec*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of elegant, glassy sponges, consisting of interwoven siliceous fibers, and growing in the form of a cornucopia; — called also Venus's flower-basket.

EUPLEXOPTERA
Eu`plex*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects, including the earwig. The anterior wings are short, in the form of elytra, while the posterior wings fold up beneath them. See Earwig.

EUPNAEA
Eup*næ"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Normal breathing where arterialization of the blood is normal, in distinction from dyspnæa, in which the blood is insufficiently arterialized. Foster.

EUPRYION; EUPYRION
Eu*pry"i*on, Eu*py"ri*on, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A contrivance for obtaining a light instantaneous, as a lucifer match. Brande & C.

EURAFRIC; EURAFRICAN
Eur*af"ric, Eur*af"ri*can, a. [Europe + Afric, African.]

1. (Geog.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, the continents of Europe and
Africa combined.

2. (Zoögeography) Pert. to or designating a region including most of Europe and northern Africa south to the Sahara.

3. Of European and African descent.

EURASIAN
Eu*ra"sian, n. Etym: [European + Asian.]

1. A child of a European parent on the one side and an Asiatic on the other.

2. One born of European parents in Asia.

EURASIAN
Eu*ra"sian, a.

Defn: Of European and Asiatic descent; of or pertaining to both
Europe and Asia; as, the great Eurasian plain.

EURASIATIO
Eu*ra`si*at"io, a. (Geog.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the continents of Europe and Asia combined.

EUREKA
Eu*re"ka. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The exclamation attributed to Archimedes, who is said to have cried out "Eureka! eureka!" (I have found it! I have found it!), upon suddenly discovering a method of finding out how much the gold of King Hiero's crown had been alloyed. Hence, an expression of triumph concerning a discovery.

EURHIPIDUROUS
Eu*rhip`i*du"rous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a fanlike tail; belonging to the Eurhipiduræ, a division of Aves which includes all living birds.

EURIPIZE
Eu"ri*pize, v. t. Etym: [See Euripus.]

Defn: To whirl hither and thither. [Obs.]

EURIPUS
Eu*ri"pus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: A strait; a narrow tract of water, where the tide, or a current, flows and reflows with violence, as the ancient fright of this name between Eubæa and Bæotia. Hence, a flux and reflux. Burke.

EURITE
Eu"rite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. eurite.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact feldspathic rock; felsite. See Felsite.

EURITIC
Eu*rit"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pelating to eurite.

EUROCLYDON Eu*roc"ly*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. i. e. a north-east wind, as in the Latin Yulgate Euro-aquilo.]

Defn: A tempestuous northeast wind which blows in the Mediterranean.
See Levanter.
A tempestuous wind called Euroclydon. Acts xxvii. 14.

EUROPEAN
Eu`ro*pe"an, a. Etym: [L. europeaus, Gr. europa.)]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Europe, or to its inhabitants. On the
European plain, having rooms to let, and leaving it optional with
guests whether they will take meals in the house; — said of hotels.
[U. S.]

EUROPEAN
Eu`ro*pe"an, n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Europe.

EUROPEANIZE
Eu`ro*pe"an*ize, v. t.

Defn: To cause to become like the Europeans in manners or character; to habituate or accustom to European usages. A state of society . . . changed and Europenized. Lubbock.

EUROPIUM
Eu*ro"pi*um, n. [NL.; Europe + -ium, as in aluminium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A metallic element of the rare-earth group, discovered spectroscopically by Demarcay in 1896. Symbol, Eu; at. wt., 152.0.

EURUS
Eu"rus, n. Etym: [L., gr.

Defn: The east wind.

EURYALE
Eu*ry"a*le, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Euryale, one of the Gorgons.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of water lilies, growing in India and China. The only species (E. ferox) is very prickly on the peduncles and calyx. The rootstocks and seeds are used as food.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: A genus of ophiurans with much-branched arms.

EURYALIDA
Eu`ry*al"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of Ophiuroidea, including the genera Euryale,
Astrophyton, etc. They generally have the arms branched. See
Astrophyton.

EURYCEROUS
Eu*ryc"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having broad horns.

EURYPTEROID
Eu*ryp"ter*oid, a. Etym: [Eurypterus + -oid.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Like, or pertaining to, the genus Euryperus.

EURYPTEROIDEA
Eu*ryp`te*roi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Eurypteroid.] (Paleont.)

Defn: An extinct order of Merostomata, of which the genus Eurypterus is the type. They are found only in Paleozoic rocks. [Written also Eurypterida.]

EURYPTERUS
Eu*ryp"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct Merostomata, found in Silurian rocks. Some of the species are more than three feet long.

EURYTHMY
Eu"ryth*my, n. Etym: [L. eurythmia, Gr. eurythmie.]

1. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Just or harmonious proportion or movement, as in the composition of a poem, an edifice, a painting, or a statue.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Regularly of the pulse.

EUSEBIAN
Eu*se"bi*an, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A follower of Eusebius, bishop of Cæsarea, who was a friend and protector of Arius.

EUSTACHIAN Eu*sta"chi*an, a. Etym: [From Eustachi, a learned Italian physician who died in Rome, 1574.] (Anat.) (a) Discovered by Eustachius. (b) Pertaining to the Eustachian tube; as, Eustachian catheter. Eustachian catheter, a tubular instrument to be introduced into the Eustachian tube so as to allow of inflation of the middle ear through the nose or mouth. — Eustrachian tube (Anat.), a passage from the tympanum of the ear to the pharynx. See Ear. — Eustachian valve (Anat.), a crescent-shaped fold of the lining membrane of the heart at the entrance of the vena cava inferior. It directs the blood towards the left auricle in the fetus, but is rudimentary and functionless in the adult.

EUSTYLE
Eu"style`, n. Etym: [Gr. eustyle.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Intercolumnlation.

EUTAXY
Eu"tax*y, n. Etym: [Gr. eutaxie.]

Defn: Good or established order or arrangement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

EUTECTIC Eu*tec"tic, a. [Gr. e'y`thktos easily melted; e'y^ well + th`kein to melt.] (Physics)

Defn: Of maximum fusibility; — said of an alloy or mixture which has the lowest melting point which it is possible to obtain by the combination of the given components.

EUTERPE
Eu*ter"pe. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)