Chapter Chap"ter, v. t (part 1)

1. To divide into chapters, as a book. Fuller.

2. To correct; to bring to book, i. e., to demand chapter and verse. [Obs.] Dryden.

CHAPTREL
Chap"trel, n. Etym: [See Chapiter.] (Arch.)

Defn: An impost. [Obs.]

CHAR; CHARR Char, Charr, n. Etym: [Ir. cear, Gael. ceara, lit., red, blood- colored, fr. cear blood. So named from its red belly.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus, allied to the spotted trout and salmon, inhabiting deep lakes in mountainous regions in Europe. In the United States, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is sometimes called a char.

CHAR
Char, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A car; a chariot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHAR
Char, n. Etym: [OE. cherr, char a turning, time, work, AS. cerr,
cyrr, turn, occasion, business, fr. cerran, cyrran, to turn; akin to
OS. kërian, OHG. chëran, G. kehren. Cf. Chore, Ajar.]

Defn: Work done by the day; a single job, or task; a chore. [Written
also chare.] [Eng.]
When thou hast done this chare, I give thee leave To play till
doomsday. Shak.

CHAR; CHARE
Char, Chare, v. t. Etym: [See 3d Char.]

1. To perform; to do; to finish. [Obs.] Nores. Thet char is chared, as the good wife said when she had hanged her husband. Old Proverb.

2. To work or hew, as stone. Oxf. Gloss.

CHAR; CHARE
Char, Chare, v. i.

Defn: To work by the day, without being a regularly hired servant; to do small jobs.

CHAR
Char, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charred; p. pr. & vb. n. Charring.] Etym:
[Prob. the same word as char to perform (see Char, n.), the modern
use coming from charcoal, prop. coal-turned, turned to coal.]

1. To reduce to coal or carbon by exposure to heat; to reduce to charcoal; to burn to a cinder.

2. To burn slightly or partially; as, to char wood.

CHARA
Cha"ra, n. Etym: [NL., of uncertain origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of flowerless plants, having articulated stems and whorled branches. They flourish in wet places.

CHAR-A-BANC
Char`-a-banc", n.; pl. Chars-a-banc. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A long, light, open vehicle, with benches or seats running lengthwise.

CHARACT
Char"act, n.

Defn: A distinctive mark; a character; a letter or sign. [Obs.] See
Character.
In all his dressings, characts, titles, forms. Shak.

CHARACTER Char"ac*ter, n. Etym: [L., an instrument for marking, character, Gr. caractère.]

1. A distinctive mark; a letter, figure, or symbol. It were much to be wished that there were throughout the world but one sort of character for each letter to express it to the eye. Holder.

2. Style of writing or printing; handwriting; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular person or people; as, an inscription in the Runic character. You know the character to be your brother's Shak.

3. The peculiar quality, or the sum of qualities, by which a person or a thing is distinguished from others; the stamp impressed by nature, education, or habit; that which a person or thing really is; nature; disposition. The character or that dominion. Milton. Know well each Ancient's proper character; His fable, subject, scope in every page; Religion, Country, genius of his Age. Pope. A man of . . . thoroughly subservient character. Motley.

4. Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; as, he has a great deal of character.

5. Moral quality; the principles and motives that control the life; as, a man of character; his character saves him from suspicion.

6. Quality, position, rank, or capacity; quality or conduct with respect to a certain office or duty; as, in the miserable character of a slave; in his character as a magistrate; her character as a daughter.

7. The estimate, individual or general, put upon a person or thing; reputation; as, a man's character for truth and veracity; to give one a bad character. This subterraneous passage is much mended since Seneca gave so bad a character of it. Addison.

8. A written statement as to behavior, competency, etc., given to a servant. [Colloq.]

9. A unique or extraordinary individuality; a person characterized by peculiar or notable traits; a person who illustrates certain phases of character; as, Randolph was a character; Cæsar is a great historical character.

10. One of the persons of a drama or novel.

Note: "It would be well if character and reputation were used distinctively. In truth, character is what a person is; reputation is what he is supposed to be. Character is in himself, reputation is in the minds of others. Character is injured by temptations, and by wrongdoing; reputation by slanders, and libels. Character endures throughout defamation in every form, but perishes when there is a voluntary transgression; reputation may last through numerous transgressions, but be destroyed by a single, and even an unfounded, accusation or aspersion." Abbott.

CHARACTER
Char"ac*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charactered.]

1. To engrave; to inscribe. [R.] These trees shall be my books. And in their barks my thoughts I 'll character. Shak.

2. To distinguish by particular marks or traits; to describe; to characterize. [R.] Mitford.

CHARACTERISM
Char"ac*ter*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A distinction of character; a characteristic. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CHARACTERISTIC
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. charactéristique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or serving to constitute, the character; showing the character, or distinctive qualities or traits, of a person or thing; peculiar; distinctive. Characteristic clearness of temper. Macaulay.

CHARACTERISTIC
Char`ac*ter*is"tic, n.

1. A distinguishing trait, quality, or property; an element of character; that which characterized. Pope. The characteristics of a true critic. Johnson.

2. (Math.)

Defn: The integral part (whether positive or negative) of a logarithm.

CHARACTERISTICAL
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al, a.

Defn: Characteristic.

CHARACTERISTICALLY
Char`ac*ter*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a characteristic manner; in a way that characterizes.

CHARACTERIZATION
Char`ac*ter*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of characterizing.

CHARACTERIZE
Char"ac*ter*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Characterized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Characterizing.] Etym: [LL. characterizare, Gr. charactériser.]

1. To make distinct and recognizable by peculiar marks or traits; to make with distinctive features. European, Asiatic, Chinese, African, and Grecian faces are Characterized. Arbuthot.

2. To engrave or imprint. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

3. To indicate the character of; to describe. Under the name of Tamerlane he intended to characterize King William. Johnson.

4. To be a characteristic of; to make, or express the character of. The softness and effeminacy which characterize the men of rank in most countries. W. Irving.

Syn. — To describe; distinguish; mark; designate; style; particularize; entitle.

CHARACTERLESS
Char"ac*ter*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of any distinguishing quality; without character or force.

CHARACTERY
Char"ac*ter*y, n.

1. The art or means of characterizing; a system of signs or characters; symbolism; distinctive mark. Fairies use flowers for their charactery. Shak.

2. That which is charactered; the meaning. [Obs.] I will construe to thee All the charactery of my sad brows. Shak.

CHARADE Cha*rade", n. Etym: [F. charade, cf. Pr. charrada long chat, It ciarlare to chat, whence E. charlatan.]

Defn: A verbal or acted enigma based upon a word which has two or more significant syllables or parts, each of which, as well as the word itself, is to be guessed from the descriptions or representations.

CHARBOCLE
Char"bo*cle, n.

Defn: Carbuncle. [Written also Charboncle.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHARBON
Char"bon, n. Etym: [F., coal, charbon.]

1. (Far.)

Defn: A small black spot or mark remaining in the cavity of the corner tooth of a horse after the large spot or mark has become obliterated.

2. A very contagious and fatal disease of sheep, horses, and cattle. See Maligmant pustule.

CHARCOAL Char"coal`, n. Etym: [See Char, v. t., to burn or to reduce to coal, and Coal.]

1. Impure carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances; esp., coal made by charring wood in a kiln, retort, etc., from which air is excluded. It is used for fuel and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical processes.

2. (Fine Arts)

Defn: Finely prepared charcoal in small sticks, used as a drawing implement. Animal charcoal, a fine charcoal prepared by calcining bones in a closed vessel; — used as a filtering agent in sugar refining, and as an absorbent and disinfectant. — Charcoal blacks, the black pigment, consisting of burnt ivory, bone, cock, peach stones, and other substances. — Charcoal drawing (Fine Arts), a drawing made with charcoal. See Charcoal, 2. Until within a few years this material has been used almost exclusively for preliminary outline, etc., but at present many finished drawings are made with it. — Charcoal point, a carbon pencil prepared for use un an electric light apparatus. — Mineral charcoal, a term applied to silky fibrous layers of charcoal, interlaminated in beds of ordinary bituminous coal; — known to miners as mother of coal.

CHARD
Chard, n. Etym: [Cf. F. carde esclent thistle.]

1. The tender leaves or leafstalks of the artichoke, white beet, etc., blanched for table use.

2. A variety of the white beet, which produces large, succulent leaves and leafstalks.

CHARE
Chare, n.

Defn: A narrow street. [Prov. Eng.]

CHARE
Chare, n. & v.

Defn: A chore; to chore; to do. See Char.

CHARGE
Charge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charged; p. pr. & vb. n. Charging.] Etym:
[OF. chargier, F. charger, fr. LL. carricare, fr. L. carrus wagon.
Cf. Cargo, Caricature, Cark, and see Car.]

1. To lay on or impose, as a load, tax, or burden; to load; to fill. A carte that charged was with hay. Chaucer. The charging of children's memories with rules. Locke.

2. To lay on or impose, as a task, duty, or trust; to command, instruct, or exhort with authority; to enjoin; to urge earnestly; as, to charge a jury; to charge the clergy of a diocese; to charge an agent. Moses . . . charged you to love the Lord your God. Josh. xxii. 5. Cromwell, I charge thee, fing away ambition. Shak.

3. To lay on, impose, or make subject to or liable for. When land shal be charged by any lien. Kent.

4. To fix or demand as a prince; as, he charges two dollars a barrelk for apples.

5. To place something to the account of as a debt; to debit, as to charge one with goods. Also, to enter upon the debit side of an account; as, to charge a sum to one.

6. To impute or ascribe; to lay to one's charge. No more accuse thy pen, but charge the crime On native loth and negligence of time. Dryden.

7. To accuse; to make a charge or assertion against (a) person or thing); to lay the responsibility (for something said or done) at the door of. If the did that wrong you charge with. Tennyson.

8. To place within or upon any firearm, piece of apparatus or machinery, the quantity it is intended and fitted to hold or bear; to load; to fill; as, to charge a gun; to charge an electrical machine, etc. Their battering cannon charged to the mouths. Shak.

9. To ornament with or cause to bear; as, to charge an architectural member with a molding.

10. (Her.)

Defn: To assume as a bearing; as, he charges three roses or; to add to or represent on; as, he charges his shield with three roses or.

11. To call to account; to challenge. [Obs.] To charge me to an answer. Shak.

12. To bear down upon; to rush upon; to attack. Charged our main battle's front. Shak.

Syn.
— To intrust; command; exhort; instruct; accuse; impeach; arraign.
See Accuse.

CHARGE
Charge, v. i.

1. To make an onset or rush; as, to charge with fixed bayonets. Like your heroes of antiquity, he charges in iron. Glanvill. "Charge for the guns!" he said. Tennyson.

2. To demand a price; as, to charge high for goods.

3. To debit on an account; as, to charge for purchases.

4. To squat on its belly and be still; — a command given by a sportsman to a dog.

CHARGE Charge, n. Etym: [F. charge, fr. charger to load. See Charge, v. t., and cf. Cargo, Caricature.]

1. A load or burder laid upon a person or thing.

2. A person or thing commited or intrusted to the care, custody, or management of another; a trust.

Note: The people of a parish or church are called the charge of the clergyman who is set over them.

3. Custody or care of any person, thing, or place; office; responsibility; oversight; obigation; duty. 'Tis a great charge to come under one body's hand. Shak.

4. Heed; care; anxiety; trouble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. Harm. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. An order; a mandate or command; an injunction. The king gave cherge concerning Absalom. 2. Sam. xviii. 5.

7. An address (esp. an earnest or impressive address) containing instruction or exhortation; as, the charge of a judge to a jury; the charge of a bishop to his clergy.

8. An accusation of a wrong of offense; allegation; indictment; specification of something alleged. The charge of confounding very different classes of phenomena. Whewell.

9. Whatever constitutes a burden on property, as rents, taxes, lines, etc.; costs; expense incurred; — usually in the plural.

10. The price demanded for a thing or service.

11. An entry or a account of that which is due from one party to another; that which is debited in a business transaction; as, a charge in an account book.

12. That quantity, as of ammunition, electricity, ore, fuel, etc., which any apparatus, as a gun, battery, furnace, machine, etc., is intended to receive and fitted to hold, or which is actually in it at one time

13. The act of rushing upon, or towards, an enemy; a sudden onset or attack, as of troops, esp. cavalry; hence, the signal for attack; as, to sound the charge. Never, in any other war afore, gave the Romans a hotter charge upon the enemies. Holland. The charge of the light brigade. Tennyson.

14. A position (of a weapon) fitted for attack; as, to bring a weapon to the charge.

15. (Far.)

Defn: A soft of plaster or ointment.

16. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing. See Bearing, n., 8.

17. Etym: [Cf. Charre.]

Defn: Thirty-six pigs of lead, each pig weighing about seventy pounds; — called also charre.

18. Weight; import; value. Many suchlike "as's" of great charge. Shak. Back charge. See under Back, a. — Bursting charge. (a (Mil.) The charge which bursts a shell, etc. (b (Mining) A small quantity of fine powder to secure the ignition of a charge of coarse powder in blasting. — Charge and discharge (Equity Practice), the old mode or form of taking an account before a master in chancery. — Charge sheet, the paper on which are entered at a police station all arrests and accusations. — To sound the charge, to give the signal for an attack.

Syn. — Care; custody; trust; management; office; expense; cost; price; assault; attack; onset; injunction; command; order; mandate; instruction; accusation; indictment.

CHARGEABLE
Charge"a*ble, a.

1. That may be charged, laid, imposed, or imputes; as, a duty chargeable on iron; a fault chargeable on a man.

2. Subject to be charge or accused; liable or responsible; as, revenues chargeable with a claim; a man chargeable with murder.

3. Serving to create expense; costly; burdensome. That we might not be chargeable to any of you. 2. Thess. iii. 8. For the sculptures, which are elegant, were very chargeable. Evelyn.

CHARGEABLENESS
Charge"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chargeable or expensive. [Obs.]
Whitelocke.

CHARGEABLY
Charge"a*bly, adv.

Defn: At great cost; expensively. [Obs.]

CHARGEANT
Char"geant, a. Etym: [F. chargeant, fr. charger to load.]

Defn: Burdensome; troublesome. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHARGE D'AFFAIRES Char`gé" d'af`faires", n.; pl. Chargés d'affaires. Etym: [F., "charged with affairs."]

Defn: A diplomatic representative, or minister of an inferior grade, accredited by the government of one state to the minister of foreign affairs of another; also, a substitute, ad interim, for an ambassador or minister plenipotentiary.

CHARGEFUL
Charge"ful, a.

Defn: Costly; expensive. [Obs.]
The fineness of the gold and chargeful fashion. Shak.

CHARGEHOUSE
Charge"house`, n.

Defn: A schoolhouse. [Obs.]

CHARGELESS
Charge"less, a.

Defn: Free from, or with little, charge.

CHARGEOUS
Char"geous, a.

Defn: Burdensome. [Obs.]
I was chargeous to no man. Wyclif, (2 Cor. xi. 9).

CHARGER
Char"ger, n.

1. One who, or that which charges.

2. An instrument for measuring or inserting a charge.

3. A large dish. [Obs.] Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger. Matt. xiv. 8.

4. A horse for battle or parade. Macaulay. And furious every charger neighed. Campbell.

CHARGESHIP
Char*ge"ship, n.

Defn: The office of a chargé d'affaires.

CHARILY
Char"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chary manner; carefully; cautiously; frugally.

CHARINESS
Char"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chary.

CHARIOT
Char"i*ot, n. Etym: [F. Chariot, from char car. See Car.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A two-wheeled car or vehicle for war, racing, state
processions, etc.
First moved the chariots, after whom the foot. Cowper.

2. A four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage, having one seat. Shak.

CHARIOT
Char"i*ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charioted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Charioting.]

Defn: To convey in a chariot. Milton.

CHARIOTEE
Char`i*ot*ee", n.

Defn: A light, covered, four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two seats.

CHARIOTEER
Char`i*ot*eer", n.

1. One who drives a chariot.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A constellation. See Auriga, and Wagones.

CHARISM
Cha"rism, n. Etym: [Gr. .] (Eccl.)

Defn: A miraculously given power, as of healing, speaking foreign languages without instruction, etc., attributed to some of the early Christians.

CHARISMATIC
Char`is*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a charism.

CHARITABLE
Char"i*ta*ble, a.Etym: [F. See Charity.]

1. Full of love and good will; benevolent; kind. Be thy intents wicked or charitable, . . . . . . I will speak to thee. Shak.

2. Liberal in judging of others; disposed to look on the best side, and to avoid harsh judgment.

3. Liberal in benefactions to the poor; giving freely; generous; beneficent. What charitable men afford to beggars. Shak.

4. Of or pertaining to charity; springing from, or intended for, charity; relating to almsgiving; elemosynary; as, a charitable institution.

5. Dictated by kindness; favorable; lenient. By a charitable construction it may be a sermon. L. Andrews.

Syn. — Kind; beneficent; benevolent; generous; lenient; forgiving; helpful; liberal; favorable; indulgent.

CHARITABLENESS
Char"i*ta*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being charitable; the exercise of charity.

CHARITABLY
Char"i*ta*bly, adv.

Defn: In a charitable manner.

CHARITY
Char"i*ty, n.; pl. Charities. Etym: [F. charité fr. L. caritas
dearness, high regard, love, from carus dear, costly, loved; asin to
Skr. kam to wish, love, cf. Ir. cara a friend, W. caru to love. Cf.
Caress.]

1. Love; universal benevolence; good will.

Defn: Now abideth faith, hope, charity, three; but the greatest of these is charity. 1. Cor. xiii. 13. They, at least, are little to be envied, in whose hearts the great charities . . . lie dead. Ruskin. With malice towards none, with charity for all. Lincoln.

2. Liberality in judging of men and their actions; a disposition which inclines men to put the best construction on the words and actions of others. The highest exercise of charity is charity towards the uncharitable. Buckminster.

3. Liberality to the poor and the suffering, to benevolent institutions, or to worthy causes; generosity. The heathen poet, in commending the charity of Dido to the Trojans, spake like a Christian. Dryden.

4. Whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the needy or suffering for their relief; alms; any act of kindness. She did ill then to refuse her a charity. L'Estrange.

5. A charitable institution, or a gift to create and support such an institution; as, Lady Margaret's charity.

6. pl. (Law)

Defn: Eleemosynary appointments [grants or devises] including relief of the poor or friendless, education, religious culture, and public institutions. The charities that soothe, and heal, and bless, Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers. Wordsworth. Sisters of Charity (R. C. Ch.), a sisterhood of religious women engaged in works of mercy, esp. in nursing the sick; — a popular designation. There are various orders of the Sisters of Charity.

Syn. — Love; benevolence; good will; affection; tenderness; beneficence; liberality; almsgiving.

CHARIVARI
Cha*ri`va*ri", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A mock serenade of discordant noises, made with kettles, tin horns, etc., designed to annoy and insult.

Note: It was at first performed before the house of any person of advanced age who married a second time.

CHARK
Chark, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. charcoal.]

Defn: Charcoal; a cinder. [Obs.] DeFoe.

CHARK
Chark, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charked.]

Defn: To burn to a coal; to char. [Obs.]

CHARLATAN Char"la*tan, n. Etym: [F. charlatan, fr. It. ciarlatano, fr. ciarlare to chartter, prate; of imitative origin; cf. It. zirlare to whistle like a thrush.]

Defn: One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions; a quack; an impostor; an empiric; a mountebank.

CHARLATANIC; CHARLATANICAL
Char`la*tan"ic, Char`la*tan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or like a charlatan; making undue pretension; empirical; pretentious; quackish. — Char`la*tan"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHARLATANISM
Char"la*tan*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. charlatanisme.]

Defn: Charlatanry.

CHARLATANRY
Char"la*tan*ry, n. Etym: [F. charlatanrie, from It. ciarlataneria.
See Charlatan.]

Defn: Undue pretensions to skill; quackery; wheedling; empiricism.

CHARLES'S WAIN
Charles's Wain. Etym: [Charles + wain; cf. AS. Carles w (for wægn),
Sw. karlvagnen, Dan. karlsvogn. See Churl, and Wain.] (Astron.)

Defn: The group of seven stars, commonly called the Dipper, in the constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear. See Ursa major, under Ursa.

Note: The name is sometimes also applied to the Constellation.

CHARLIE
Char"lie, n.

1. A familiar nickname or substitute for Charles.

2. A night watchman; — an old name.

3. A short, pointed beard, like that worn by Charles I.

4. As a proper name, a fox; — so called in fables and familiar literature.

CHARLOCK Char"lock, n. Etym: [AS. cerlic; the latter part perh. fr. AS. leác leek. Cf. Hemlock.] (Bot.)

Defn: A cruciferous plant (Brassica sinapistrum) with yellow flowers; wild mustard. It is troublesome in grain fields. Called also chardock, chardlock, chedlock, and kedlock. Jointed charlock, White charlock, a troublesome weed (Raphanus Raphanistrum) with straw- colored, whitish, or purplish flowers, and jointed pods: wild radish.

CHARLOTTE
Char"lotte, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of pie or pudding made by lining a dish with slices of bread, and filling it with bread soaked in milk, and baked. Charlotte Russe (, or Charlotte à la russe Etym: [F., lit., Russian charlotte] (Cookery), a dish composed of custard or whipped cream, inclosed in sponge cake.

CHARM Charm, n. Etym: [F. charme, fr. L. carmen song, verse, incantation, for casmen, akin to Skr. çasman, çasa, a laudatory song, from a root signifying to praise, to sing.]

1. A melody; a song. [Obs.] With charm of earliest birds. Milton. Free liberty to chant our charms at will. Spenser.

2. A word or combination of words sung or spoken in the practice of magic; a magical combination of words, characters, etc.; an incantation. My high charms work. Shak.

3. That which exerts an irresistible power to please and attract; that which fascinates; any alluring quality. Charms strike the sight, but merit wins the soul. Pope. The charm of beauty's powerful glance. Milton.

4. Anything worn for its supposed efficacy to the wearer in averting ill or securing good fortune.

5. Any small decorative object worn on the person, as a seal, a key, a silver whistle, or the like. Bunches of charms are often worn at the watch chain.

Syn. - Spell; incantation; conjuration; enchantment; fascination; attraction.

CHARM
Charm, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Charming.] Etym:
[Cf. F. charmer. See Charm, n.]

1. To make music upon; to tune. [Obs. & R.] Here we our slender pipes may safely charm. Spenser.

2. To subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence; to affect by magic. No witchcraft charm thee! Shak.

3. To subdue or overcome by some secret power, or by that which gives pleasure; to allay; to soothe. Music the fiercest grief can charm. Pope.

4. To attract irresistibly; to delight exceedingly; to enchant; to fascinate. They, on their mirth and dance Intent, with jocund music charm his ear. Milton.

5. To protect with, or make invulnerable by, spells, charms, or supernatural influences; as, a charmed life. I, in my own woe charmed, Could not find death. Shak.

Syn. - To fascinate; enchant; enrapture; captivate; bewitch; allure; subdue; delight; entice; transport.

CHARM
Charm, v. i.

1. To use magic arts or occult power; to make use of charms. The voice of charmers, charming never so wisely. Ps. lviii. 5.

2. To act as, or produce the effect of, a charm; to please greatly; to be fascinating.

3. To make a musical sound. [Obs.] Milton.

CHARMEL
Char"mel, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: A fruitful field. Libanus shall be turned into charmel, and charmel shall be esteemed as a forest. Isa. xxix. 17 (Douay version).

CHARMER
Charm"er, n.

1. One who charms, or has power to charm; one who uses the power of enchantment; a magician. Deut. xviii. 11.

2. One who delights and attracts the affections.

CHARMERESS
Charm"er*ess, n.

Defn: An enchantress. Chaucer.

CHARMFUL
Charm"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding with charms. "His charmful lyre." Cowley.

CHARMING
Charm"ing, a.

Defn: Pleasing the mind or senses in a high degree; delighting; fascinating; attractive. How charming is divine philosophy. Milton.

Syn. - Enchanting; bewitching; captivating; enrapturing; alluring;
fascinating; delightful; pleasurable; graceful; lovely; amiable;
pleasing; winning.
— Charm"ing*ly, adv.
— Charm"ing*ness, n.

CHARMLESS
Charm"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of charms. Swift.

CHARNECO; CHARNICO
Char"ne*co, Char"ni*co, n.

Defn: A sort of sweet wine. [Obs.] Shak.

CHARNEL
Char"nel, a. Etym: [F. charnel carnal, fleshly, fr. L. carnalis. See
Carnal.]

Defn: Containing the bodies of the dead. "Charnel vaults." Milton. Charnel house, a tomb, vault, cemetery, or other place where the bones of the dead are deposited; originally, a place for the bones thrown up when digging new graves in old burial grounds.

CHARNEL
Char"nel, n.

Defn: A charnel house; a grave; a cemetery.
In their proud charnel of Thermopylæ. Byron.

CHARON
Cha"ron, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Cless. Myth.)

Defn: The son of Erebus and Nox, whose office it was to ferry the souls of the dead over the Styx, a river of the infernal regions. Shak.

CHARPIE Char"pie, n. Etym: [F., properly fem. p. p. of OF. charpir, carpir, to pluck, fr. L. carpere. Cf. Carpet.] (Med.)

Defn: Straight threads obtained by unraveling old linen cloth; — used for surgical dressings.

CHARQUI
Char"qui, n. Etym: [Sp. A term used in South America, Central
America, and the Western United States.]

Defn: Jerked beef; beef cut into long strips and dried in the wind and sun. Darwin.

CHARR
Charr, n.

Defn: See 1st Char.

CHARRAS
Char"ras, n.

Defn: The gum resin of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa). Same as
Churrus. Balfour.

CHARRE
Charre, n. Etym: [LL. charrus a certain weight.]

Defn: See Charge, n., 17.

CHARRY
Char"ry, a. Etym: [See 6th Char.]

Defn: Pertaining to charcoal, or partaking of its qualities.

CHART Chart, n. Etym: [A doublet of card: cf. F. charte charter, carte card. See Card, and cf. Charter.]

1. A sheet of paper, pasteboard, or the like, on which information is exhibited, esp. when the information is arranged in tabular form; as, an historical chart.

2. A map; esp., a hydrographic or marine map; a map on which is projected a portion of water and the land which it surrounds, or by which it is surrounded, intended especially for the use of seamen; as, the United States Coast Survey charts; the English Admiralty charts.

3. A written deed; a charter. Globular chart, a chart constructed on a globular projection. See under Globular. — Heliographic chart, a map of the sun with its spots. — Mercator's chart, a chart constructed on the principle of Mercator's projection. See Projection. — Plane chart, a representation of some part of the superficies of the globe, in which its spherical form is disregarded, the meridians being drawn parallel to each other, and the parallels of latitude at equal distances. — Selenographic chart, a map representing the surface of the moon. — Topographic chart, a minute delineation of a limited place or region.

CHART
Chart, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Charted.]

Defn: To lay down in a chart; to map; to delineate; as, to chart a coast.

CHARTA Char"ta, n. Etym: [L., leaf of paper. See Chart.] (Law) (a) Material on which instruments, books, etc., are written; parchment or paper. (b) A charter or deed; a writing by which a grant is made. See Magna Charta.

CHARTACEOUS
Char*ta"ceous, a. Etym: [L. chartaceus. See Charta.]

Defn: Resembling paper or parchment; of paper-like texture; papery.

CHARTE
Charte, n. Etym: [F. See Chart.]

Defn: The constitution, or fundamental law, of the French monarchy, as established on the restoration of Louis XVIII., in 1814.

CHARTER Char"ter, n. Etym: [OF. chartre, F. chartre, charte, fr. L. chartula a little paper, dim. of charta. See Chart, Card.]

1. A written evidence in due form of things done or granted, contracts made, etc., between man and man; a deed, or conveyance. [Archaic]

2. An instrument in writing, from the sovereign power of a state or country, executed in due form, bestowing rights, franchises, or privileges. The king [John, a.d. 1215], with a facility somewhat suspicious, signed and sealed the charter which was required of him. This famous deed, commonly called the "Great Charter," either granted or secured very important liberties and privileges to every order of men in the kingdom. Hume.

3. An act of a legislative body creating a municipal or other corporation and defining its powers and privileges. Also, an instrument in writing from the constituted authorities of an order or society (as the Freemasons), creating a lodge and defining its powers.

4. A special privilege, immunity, or exemption. My mother, Who has a charter to extol her blood, When she does praise me, grieves me. Shak.

5. (Com.)

Defn: The letting or hiring a vessel by special contract, or the contract or instrument whereby a vessel is hired or let; as, a ship is offered for sale or charter. See Charter party, below. Charter land (O. Eng. Law), land held by charter, or in socage; bookland. — Charter member, one of the original members of a society or corporation, esp. one named in a charter, or taking part in the first proceedings under it. — Charter party Etym: [F. chartre partie, or charte partie, a divided charter; from the practice of cutting the instrument of contract in two, and giving one part to each of the contractors] (Com.), a mercantile lease of a vessel; a specific contract by which the owners of a vessel let the entire vessel, or some principal part of the vessel, to another person, to be used by the latter in transportation for his own account, either under their charge or his. — People's Charter (Eng. Hist.), the document which embodied the demands made by the Chartists, so called, upon the English government in 1838.

CHARTER
Char"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chartered; p. pr. & vb. n. Chartering.]

1. To establish by charter.

2. To hire or let by charter, as a ship. See Charter party, under Charter, n.

CHARTERED
Char"tered, a.

1. Granted or established by charter; having, or existing under, a charter; having a privilege by charter. The sufficiency of chartered rights. Palfrey. The air, a chartered libertine. Shak.

2. Hired or let by charter, as a ship.

CHARTERER
Char"ter*er, n.

Defn: One who charters; esp. one who hires a ship for a voyage.

CHARTERHOUSE
Char"ter*house`, n.

Defn: A well known public school and charitable foundation in the building once used as a Carthusian monastery (Chartreuse) in London.

CHARTERIST
Char"ter*ist, n.

Defn: Same as Chartist.

CHARTISM
Chart"ism, n. Etym: [F. charte charter. Cf. Charte, Chart.]

Defn: The principles of a political party in England (1838-48), which contended for universal suffrage, the vote by ballot, annual parliaments, equal electoral districts, and other radical reforms, as set forth in a document called the People's Charter.

CHARTIST
Chart"ist, n.

Defn: A supporter or partisan of chartism. [Eng.]

CHARTLESS
Chart"less, a.

1. Without a chart; having no guide.

2. Not mapped; uncharted; vague. Barlow.

CHARTOGRAPHER; CHARTOGRAPHIC; CHARTOGRAPHY Char*tog"ra*pher, n., Char`to*graph"ic (, a., Char*tog"ra*phy (, n., etc.

Defn: Same as Cartographer, Cartographic, Cartography, etc.

CHARTOMANCY
Char"to*man`cy, n. Etym: [L. charta paper + -mancy. Cf. Cartomancy.]

Defn: Divination by written paper or by cards.

CHARTOMETER
Char*tom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Chart + -meter.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring charts or maps.

CHARTREUSE
Char`treuse", n. Etym: [F.]

1. A Carthusian monastery; esp. La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of the order, in the mountains near Grenoble, France.

2. An alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromatic herbs; — made at La Grande Chartreuse.

CHARTREUX
Char`treux", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A Carthusian.

CHARTULARY
Char"tu*la*ry, n.

Defn: See Cartulary.

CHARWOMAN
Char"wom`an, n.; pl. Charwomen. Etym: [See Char a chore.]

Defn: A woman hired for odd work or for single days.

CHARY
Char"y, a. Etym: [AS. cearig careful, fr. cearu care. See Care.]

Defn: Careful; wary; cautious; not rash, reckless, or spendthrift;
saving; frugal.
His rising reputation made him more chary of his fame. Jeffrey.

CHARYBDIS
Cha*ryb"dis, n. Etym: [L., Gr.

Defn: A dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily opposite Scylla on the Italian coast. It is personified as a female monster. See Scylla.

CHASABLE
Chas"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being chased; fit for hunting. Gower.

CHASE
Chase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chased; p. pr. & vb. n. Chasing.] Etym:
[OF. chacier, F. chasser, fr. (assumed) LL. captiare, fr. L. captare
to strive to seize. See Catch.]

1. To pursue for the purpose of killing or taking, as an enemy, or
game; to hunt.
We are those which chased you from the field. Shak.
Philologists, who chase A panting syllable through time and place.
Cowper.

2. To follow as if to catch; to pursue; to compel to move on; to drive by following; to cause to fly; — often with away or off; as, to chase the hens away. Chased by their brother's endless malice from prince to prince and from place to place. Knolles.

3. To pursue eagerly, as hunters pursue game. Chasing each other merrily. Tennyson.

CHASE
Chase, v. i.

Defn: To give chase; to hunt; as, to chase around after a doctor.
[Colloq.]

CHASE
Chase, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chasse, fr. chasser. See Chase, v.]

1. Vehement pursuit for the purpose of killing or capturing, as of an enemy, or game; an earnest seeking after any object greatly desired; the act or habit of hunting; a hunt. "This mad chase of fame." Dryden. You see this chase is hotly followed. Shak.

2. That which is pursued or hunted. Nay, Warwick, seek thee out some other chase, For I myself must hunt this deer to death. Shak.

3. An open hunting ground to which game resorts, and which is private properly, thus differing from a forest, which is not private property, and from a park, which is inclosed. Sometimes written chace. [Eng.]

4. (Court Tennis)

Defn: A division of the floor of a gallery, marked by a figure or otherwise; the spot where a ball falls, and between which and the dedans the adversary must drive his ball in order to gain a point. Chase gun (Naut.), a cannon placed at the bow or stern of an armed vessel, and used when pursuing an enemy, or in defending the vessel when pursued. — Chase port (Naut.), a porthole from which a chase gun is fired. — Stern chase (Naut.), a chase in which the pursuing vessel follows directly in the wake of the vessel pursued.

CHASE
Chase, n. Etym: [F. cháse, fr. L. capsa box, case. See Case a box.]
(Print.)

1. A rectangular iron frame in which pages or columns of type are imposed.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: The part of a cannon from the reënforce or the trunnions to the swell of the muzzle. See Cannon.

3. A groove, or channel, as in the face of a wall; a trench, as for the reception of drain tile.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A kind of joint by which an overlap joint is changed to a flush joint, by means of a gradually deepening rabbet, as at the ends of clinker-built boats.

CHASE
Chase, v. t. Etym: [A contraction of enchase.]

1. To ornament (a surface of metal) by embossing, cutting away parts, and the like.

2. To cut, so as to make a screw thread.

CHASER
Chas"er, n.

1. One who or that which chases; a pursuer; a driver; a hunter.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Same as Chase gun, esp. in terms bow chaser and stern chaser.
See under Bow, Stern.

CHASER
Chas"er, n.

1. One who chases or engraves. See 5th Chase, and Enchase.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A tool with several points, used for cutting or finishing screw threads, either external or internal, on work revolving in a lathe.

CHASIBLE
Chas"i*ble, n.

Defn: See Chasuble.

CHASING
Chas"ing, n.

Defn: The art of ornamenting metal by means of chasing tools; also, a piece of ornamental work produced in this way.

CHASM
Chasm, n. Etym: [L. chasma, Gr. Chaos.]

1. A deep opening made by disruption, as a breach in the earth or a rock; a yawning abyss; a cleft; a fissure. That deep, romantic chasm which slanted down the green hill. Coleridge.

2. A void space; a gap or break, as in ranks of men. Memory . . . fills up the chasms of thought. Addison.

CHASMED
Chasmed, a.

Defn: Having gaps or a chasm. [R.]

CHASMY
Chas"my, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chasm; abounding in chasms. Carlyle.
They cross the chasmy torrent's foam-lit bed. Wordsworth.

CHASSE
Chas`se", n. Etym: [F., fr. chassé, p. p. of chasser to chase.]

Defn: A movement in dancing, as across or to the right or left.

CHASSE
Chas`se", v. i. (Dancing)

Defn: To make the movement called chassé; as, all chassé; chassé to the right or left.

CHASSE-CAFE
Chasse`-ca`fé", n. [F., fr. chasser to chase + café coffee.]

Defn: See Chasse, n., above.

CHASSELAS
Chas"se*las, n. Etym: [F., from the village of Chasselas.]

Defn: A white grape, esteemed for the table.

CHASSE-MAREE
Chasse`-ma`rée", n. [F., fr. chasser to chase + marée tide.] (Naut.)

Defn: A French coasting lugger.

CHASSEPOT
Chasse`pot", n. Etym: [From the French inventor, A. A. Chassepot.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A kind of breechloading, center-fire rifle, or improved needle gun.

CHASSEUR
Chas`seur", n. Etym: [F., a huntsman. See Chase to pursue.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: One of a body of light troops, cavalry or infantry, trained for rapid movements.

2. An attendant upon persons of rank or wealth, wearing a plume and sword. The great chasseur who had announced her arrival. W. Irving.

CHASSIS
Chas"sis, n. Etym: [F. ch.] (Mil.)

Defn: A traversing base frame, or movable railway, along which the carriage of a barbette or casemate gum moves backward and forward. [See Gun carriage.]

CHAST
Chast, v. t.

Defn: to chasten. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHASTE Chaste, a. Etym: [F. chaste, from L. castus pure, chaste; cf. Gr. to purify.]

1. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; virtuous; continent. "As chaste as Diana." Shak. Whose bed is undefiled and chaste pronounced. Milton.

2. Pure in thought and act; innocent; free from lewdness and obscenity, or indecency in act or speech; modest; as, a chaste mind; chaste eyes.

3. Pure in design and expression; correct; free from barbarisms or vulgarisms; refined; simple; as, a chaste style in composition or art. That great model of chaste, lofty, and eloquence, the Book of Common Prayer. Macaulay.

4. Unmarried. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Syn.
— Undefiled; pure; virtuous; continent; immaculate; spotless.
Chaste tree. Same as Agnus castus.

CHASTELY
Chaste"ly, adv.

Defn: In a chaste manner; with purity.

CHASTEN Chas"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chastened; p. pr. & vb. n. Chastening.] Etym: [OE. chastien, OF. Chastier, F. Ch, fr. L. castigare to punish, chastise; castus pure + agere to lead, drive. See Chaste, Act, and cf. Castigate, Chastise.]

1. To correct by punishment; to inflict pain upon the purpose of reclaiming; to discipline; as, to chasten a son with a rod. For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth. Heb. xii. 6.

2. To purify from errors or faults; to refine. They [classics] chasten and enlarge the mind, and excite to noble actions. Layard.

Syn. — To chastise; punish; correct; discipline; castigate; afflict; subdue; purify. To Chasten, Punish, Chastise. To chasten is to subject to affliction or trouble, in order to produce a general change for the better in life or character. To punish is to inflict penalty for violation of law, disobedience to authority, or intentional wrongdoing. To chastise is to punish a particular offense, as with stripes, especially with the hope that suffering or disgrace may prevent a repetition of faults.

CHASTENED
Chas"tened, a.

Defn: Corrected; disciplined; refined; purified; toned down. Sir. W.
Scott.
Of such a finished chastened purity. Tennyson.

CHASTENER
Chas"ten*er, n.

Defn: One who chastens.

CHASTENESS
Chaste"ness, n.

1. Chastity; purity.

2. (Literature & Art)

Defn: Freedom from all that is meretricious, gaundy, or affected; as, chasteness of design.

CHASTISABLE
Chas*tis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable or deserving of chastisement; punishable. Sherwood.

CHASTISE
Chas*tise", v. t. [imp & p. p. Chastised; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chastising.] Etym: [OE. chastisen; chastien + ending -isen + modern -
ise, ize, L. izare, G. Chasten.]

1. To inflict pain upon, by means of stripes, or in any other manner, for the purpose of punishment or reformation; to punish, as with stripes. How fine my master is! I am afraid He will chastise me. Shak. I am glad to see the vanity or envy of the canting chemists thus discovered and chastised. Boyle.

2. To reduce to order or obedience; to correct or purify; to free from faults or excesses. The gay, social sense, by decency chastised. Thomson.

Syn.
— See Chasten.

CHASTISEMENT
Chas"tise*ment, n. Etym: [From Chastise.]

Defn: The act of chastising; pain inflicted for punishment and
correction; discipline; punishment.
Shall I so much dishonor my fair stars, On equal terms to give him
chastesement! Shak.
I have borne chastisement; I will not offend any more. Job xxxiv. 31.

CHASTISER
Chas*tis"er, n.

Defn: One who chastises; a punisher; a corrector. Jer. Taylor.
The chastiser of the rich. Burke.

CHASTITY
Chas"ti*ty, n. Etym: [F. chasteté, fr. L. castitas, fr. castus. See
Chaste.]

1. The state of being chaste; purity of body; freedom from unlawful sexual intercourse. She . . . hath preserved her spotless chastity. T. Carew.

2. Moral purity. So dear to heaven is saintly chastity, That, when a soul is found sicerely so A thousand liveried angels lackey her. Milton.

3. The unmarried life; celibacy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Literature & Art)

Defn: Chasteness.

CHASUBLE Chas"u*ble, n. Etym: [F. chasuble, LL. casubula, cassibula, casula, a hooded garment, covering the person like a little house; cf. It. casupola, casipola, cottage, dim of L. casa cottage.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The outer vestment worn by the priest in saying Mass, consisting, in the Roman Catholic Church, of a broad, flat, back piece, and a narrower front piece, the two connected over the shoulders only. The back has usually a large cross, the front an upright bar or pillar, designed to be emblematical of Christ's sufferings. In the Greek Church the chasuble is a large round mantle. [Written also chasible, and chesible.]

CHAT
Chat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chatted; p. pr. & vb. n. Chatting.] Etym:
[From Chatter. *22.]

Defn: To talk in a light and familiar manner; to converse without form or ceremony; to gossip. Shak. To chat a while on their adventures. Dryden.

Syn.
— To talk; chatter; gossip; converse.

CHAT
Chat, v. t.

Defn: To talk of. [Obs.]

CHAT
Chat, n.

1. Light, familiar talk; conversation; gossip. Snuff, or fan, supply each pause of chat, With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that. Pope.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Icteria, allied to the warblers, in America. The best known species are the yelow-breasted chat (I. viridis), and the long chat (I. longicauda). In Europe the name is given to several birds of the family Saxicolidæ, as the stonechat, and whinchat. Bush chat. (Zoöl.) See under Bush.

CHAT
Chat, n.

1. A twig, cone, or little branch. See Chit.

2. pl. (Mining)

Defn: Small stones with ore. Chat potatoes, small potatoes, such as are given to swine. [Local.]

CHATEAU
Cha`teau", n.; pl. Chateux. Etym: [F. château a castle. See Castle.]

1. A castle or a fortress in France.

2. A manor house or residence of the lord of the manor; a gentleman's country seat; also, particularly, a royal residence; as, the chateau of the Louvre; the chateau of the Luxembourg.

Note: The distinctive, French term for a fortified caste of the middle ages is château-fort. Chateau en Espagne ( Etym: [F.], a castle in Spain, that is, a castle in the air, Spain being the region of romance.

CHATELAINE Chat"e*laine, n. Etym: [F. châtelaine the wife of a castellan, the mistress of a chateau, a chatelaine chain.]

Defn: An ornamental hook, or brooch worn by a lady at her waist, and having a short chain or chains attached for a watch, keys, trinkets, etc. Also used adjectively; as, a chatelaine chain.

CHATELET
Chat"e*let, n. Etym: [F. châtelet, dim. of château. See Castle.]

Defn: A little castle.

CHATELLANY
Chat"el*la*ny, n. Etym: [F. châtellenie.]

Defn: Same as Castellany.

CHATI
Cha`ti", n. Etym: [Cf. F. chat cat.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American species of tiger cat (Felis mitis).

CHATOYANT Cha*toy"ant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of chatoyer to be chatoyant, fr. chat cat.] (Min.)

Defn: Having a changeable, varying luster, or color, like that of a changeable silk, or oa a cat's eye in the dark.

CHATOYANT
Cha*toy"ant, n. (Min.)

Defn: A hard stone, as the cat's-eye, which presents on a polished surface, and in the interior, an undulating or wary light.

CHATOYMENT
Cha*toy"ment, n. Etym: [F. chatoiement. See Chatoyant.]

Defn: Changeableness of color, as in a mineral; play of colors.
Cleaceland.

CHATTEL
Chat"tel, n. Etym: [OF. chatel; another form of catel. See Cattle.]
(Law)

Defn: Any item of movable or immovable property except the freehold, or the things which are parcel of it. It is a more extensive term than goods or effects.

Note: Chattels are personal or real: personal are such as are movable, as goods, plate, money; real are such rights in land as are less than a freehold, as leases, mortgages, growing corn, etc. Chattel mortgage (Law), a mortgage on personal property, as distinguished from one on real property.

CHATTELISM
Chat"tel*ism, n.

Defn: The act or condition of holding chattels; the state of being a chattel.

CHATTER
Chat"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chattered; p. pr. & vb. n. Chattering.]
Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Chat, v. i. Chitter.]

1. To utter sounds which somewhat resemble language, but are inarticulate and indistinct. The jaw makes answer, as the magpie chatters. Wordsworth.

2. To talk idly, carelessly, or with undue rapidity; to jabber; to prate. To tame a shrew, and charm her chattering tongue. Shak.

3. To make a noise by rapid collisions. With chattering teeth, and bristling hair upright. Dryden.

CHATTER
Chat"ter, v. t.

Defn: To utter rapidly, idly, or indistinctly.
Begin his witless note apace to chatter. Spenser.

CHATTER
Chat"ter, n.

1. Sounds like those of a magpie or monkey; idle talk; rapid, thoughtless talk; jabber; prattle. Your words are but idle and empty chatter. Longfellow.

2. Noise made by collision of the teeth, as in shivering.

CHATTERATION
Chat*ter*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or habit of chattering. [Colloq.]

CHATTERER
Chat"ter*er, n.

1. A prater; an idle talker.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the family Ampelidæ — so called from its monotonous note. The Bohemion chatterer (Ampelis garrulus) inhabits the arctic regions of both continents. In America the cedar bird is a more common species. See Bohemian chatterer, and Cedar bird.

CHATTERING
Chat"ter*ing, n.

Defn: The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the teeth; chatter.

CHATTER MARK Chat"ter mark`. (a) (Mach.) One of the fine undulations or ripples which are formed on the surface of work by a cutting tool which chatters. (b) (Geol.) A short crack on a rock surface planed smooth by a glacier.

CHATTINESS
Chat"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chatty, or of talking easily and pleasantly.

CHATTY
Chat"ty, a.

Defn: Given to light, familiar talk; talkative. Lady M. W. Montagu.

CHATTY
Chat"ty, n. Etym: [Tamil shati.]

Defn: A porous earthen pot used in India for cooling water, etc.

CHATWOOD
Chat"wood`, n. Etym: [Chat a little stick + wood.]

Defn: Little sticks; twigs for burning; fuel. Johnson.

CHAUD-MEDLEY
Chaud"-med`ley, n. Etym: [F. chaude mêlée; chaud hot + mêler
(Formerly sometimes spelt medler) to mingle.] (Law)

Defn: The killing of a person in an affray, in the heat of blood, and while under the influence of passion, thus distinguished from chance- medley or killing in self-defense, or in a casual affray. Burrill.

CHAUDRON
Chau"dron, n.

Defn: See Chawdron. [Obs.]

CHAUFFER Chauf"fer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chauffoir a kind of stone, fr. chauffer to heat. See Chafe.] (Chem.)

Defn: A table stove or small furnace, usually a cylindrical box of sheet iron, with a grate at the bottem, and an open top.

CHAUFFEUR
Chauf`feur", n. [F., lit., stoker.]

1. [pl.] (F. Hist.)

Defn: Brigands in bands, who, about 1793, pillaged, burned, and killed in parts of France; — so called because they used to burn the feet of their victims to extort money.

2. One who manages the running of an automobile; esp., the paid operator of a motor vehicle.

CHAUFFEUSE
Chauf`feuse", n. [F., fem. of chauffeur.]

Defn: A woman chauffeur.

CHAULDRON
Chaul"dron, n.

Defn: See Chawdron. [Obs.]

CHAUN
Chaun, n.

Defn: A gap. [Obs.] Colgrave.

CHAUN
Chaun, v. t. & i.

Defn: To open; to yawn. [Obs.]
O, chaun thy breast. Marston.

CHAUNT
Chaunt, n. & v.

Defn: See Chant.

CHAUNTER
Chaunt"er, n.

1. A street seller of ballads and other broadsides. [Slang, Eng.]

2. A deceitful, tricky dealer or horse jockey. [Colloq.] He was a horse chaunter; he's a leg now. Dickens.

3. The flute of a bagpipe. See Chanter, n., 3.

CHAUNTERIE
Chaunt"er*ie, n.

Defn: See Chantry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHAUS
Cha"us, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: a lynxlike animal of Asia and Africa (Lynx Lybicus).

CHAUSSES
Chausses, n. pl. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The garment for the legs and feet and for the body below the waist, worn in Europe throughout the Middle Ages; applied also to the armor for the same parts, when fixible, as of chain mail.

CHAUSSURE
Chaus`sure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A foot covering of any kind.

CHAUTAUQUA SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
Chau*tau"qua sys"tem of education.

Defn: The system of home study established in connection with the summer schools assembled at Chautauqua, N. Y., by the Methodist Episcopal bishop, J. H. Vincent.

CHAUVINISM Chau"vin*ism, n. Etym: [F. chauvinisme, from Chauvin, a character represented as making grotesque and threatening displays of his attachment to his fallen chief, Napoleon I., in 1815.]

Defn: Blind and absurd devotion to a fallen leader or an obsolete
cause; hence, absurdly vainglorious or exaggerated patriotism.
— Chau"vin*ist, n.
— Chau`vin*is"tic (, a.

Note: To have a generous belief in the greatness of one's country is not chauvinism. It is the character of the latter quality to be wildly extravagant, to be fretful and childish and silly, to resent a doubt as an insult, and to offend by its very frankness. Prof. H. Tuttle.

CHAVENDER
Chav"en*der, n. Etym: [Cf. Cheven.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chub. Walton.

CHAW
Chaw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chawing.] Etym:
[See Chew.]

1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew, as the cud; to champ, as the bit. The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped, Chawing the foamy bit, there fiercely stood. Surrey.

2. To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the mind working upon; to brood over. Dryden.

Note: A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as vulgar.

CHAW
Chaw, n. Etym: [See Chaw, v. t.]

1. As much as is put in the mouth at once; a chew; a quid. [Law]

2. Etym: [Cf. Jaw.]

Defn: The jaw. [Obs.] Spenser. Chaw bacon, a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout. (Law) — Chaw tooth, a grinder. (Law)

CHAWDRON Chaw"dron, n. Etym: [OF. chaudun, caudun, caldun; cf. G. kaldaunen guts, bowels, LL. calduna intestine, W. coluddyn gut, dim. of coludd bowels.]

Defn: Entrails. [Obs.] [Written also chaudron, chauldron.] Shak.

CHAY ROOT
Chay" root`. Etym: [Tamil shaya.]

Defn: The root of the Oldenlandia umbellata, native in India, which yieds a durable red dyestuff. [Written also choy root.]

CHAZY EPOCH
Cha*zy" ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: An epoch at the close of the Canadian period of the American
Lower Silurian system; — so named from a township in Clinton Co.,
New York. See the Diagram under Geology.

CHEAP
Cheap, n. Etym: [AS. ceáp bargain, sale, price; akin to D. Koop
purchase, G. Kauf, ICel. kaup bargain. Cf. Cheapen, Chapman, Chaffer,
Cope, v. i.]

Defn: A bargain; a purchase; cheapness. [Obs.] The sack that thou hast drunk me would have bought me lights as good cheap at the dearest chandler's in Europe. Shak.

CHEAP Cheap, a. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. "good cheap": a good purchase or bargain; cf. F. bon marché, à bon marché. See Cheap, n., Cheapen.]

1. Having a low price in market; of small cost or price, as compared with the usual price or the real value. Where there are a great sellers to a few buyers, there the thing to be sold will be cheap. Locke.

2. Of comparatively small value; common; mean. You grow cheap in every subject's eye. Dryden. Dog cheap, very cheap, — a phrase formed probably by the catachrestical transposition of good cheap. [Colloq.]

CHEAP
Cheap, adv.

Defn: Cheaply. Milton.

CHEAP
Cheap, v. i.

Defn: To buy; to bargain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHEAPEN
Cheap"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cheapened; p. pr. & vb. n. Cheapening.]
Etym: [OE. cheapien, chepen, to trade, buy, sell, AS. ceápian; akin
to D. koopen to buy, G. kaufen, Icel. kaupa, Goth. kaupon to trade.
Cf. Chap to bargain.]

1. To ask the price of; to bid, bargain, or chaffer for. [Obsoles.] Pretend to cheapen goods, but nothing buy. Swift.

2. Etym: [Cf. Cheap, a.]

Defn: To beat down the price of; to lessen the value of; to
depreciate. Pope.
My proffered love has cheapened me. Dryden.

CHEAPENER
Cheap"en*er, n.

Defn: One who cheapens.

CHEAP-JACK; CHEAP-JOHN
Cheap"-jack`, Cheap"-john`, n.

Defn: A seller of low-priced or second goods; a hawker.

CHEAPLY
Cheap"ly, adv.

Defn: At a small price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.

CHEAPNESS
Cheap"ness, n.

Defn: Lowness in price, considering the usual price, or real value.

CHEAR
Chear, n. & v. [Obs.]

Defn: See Cheer.

CHEAT Cheat, n. Etym: [rob. an abbrevation of escheat, lands or tenements that fall to a lord or to the state by forfeiture, or by the death of the tenant without heirs; the meaning being explained by the frauds, real or supposed, that were resorted to in procuring escheats. See Escheat.]

1. An act of deception or fraud; that which is the means of fraud or deception; a fraud; a trick; imposition; imposture. When I consider life, 'tis all a cheat. Dryden.

2. One who cheats or deceives; an impostor; a deceiver; a cheater. Airy wonders, which cheats interpret. Johnson

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A troublesome grass, growing as a weed in grain fields; — called also chess. See Chess.

4. (Law)

Defn: The obtaining of property from another by an intentional active distortion of the truth.

Note: When cheats are effected by deceitful or illegal symbols or tokens which may affect the public at large and against which common prudence could not have guarded, they are indictable at common law. Wharton.

Syn. — Deception; imposture; fraud; delusion; artifice; trick; swindle; deceit; guile; finesse; stratagem.

CHEAT
Cheat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cheated; p. pr. & vb. n. Cheating.] Etym:
[See CHeat, n., Escheat.]

1. To deceive and defraud; to impose upon; to trick; to swindle. I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of this island. Shak.

2. To beguile. Sir W. Scott. To cheat winter of its dreariness. W. Irving.

Syn. — To trick; cozen; gull; chouse; fool; outwit; circumvent; beguile; mislead; dupe; swindle; defraud; overreach; delude; hoodwink; deceive; bamboozle.

CHEAT
Cheat, v. i.

Defn: To practice fraud or trickery; as, to cheat at cards.

CHEAT
Cheat, n. Etym: [Perh. from OF. cheté goods, chattels.]

Defn: Wheat, or bread made from wheat. [Obs.] Drayton.
Their purest cheat, Thrice bolted, kneaded, and subdued in paste.
Chapman.

CHEATABLE
Cheat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being cheated.

CHEATABLENESS
Cheat"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Capability of being cheated.

CHEATER
Cheat"er, n.

1. One who cheats.

2. An escheator. [R.] Shak.

CHEBACCO Che*bac"co, n. Etym: [From Chebacco, the former name of Essex, a town in Massachusetts where such vessels were built.] (Naut.)

Defn: A narrow-sterned boat formerly much used in the Newfoundland fisheries; — called also pinkstern and chebec. Bartlett.

CHEBEC
Che"bec, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Chebacco.

CHEBEC
Che*bec", n. Etym: [Named from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American bird (Empidonax minimus); the least flycatcher.

CHECK
Check, n. Etym: [OE. chek, OF. eschec, F. échec, a stop, hindrance,
orig. check in the game of chess, pl. échecs chess, through AR., fr.
Pers. shah king. See Shah, and cf. Checkmate, Chess, Checker.]

1. (Chess)

Defn: A word of warning denoting that the king is in danger; such a menace of a player's king by an adversary's move as would, if it were any other piece, expose it to immediate capture. A king so menaced is said to be in check, and must be made safe at the next move.

2. A condition of interrupted or impeded progress; arrest; stop; delay; as, to hold an enemy in check. Which gave a remarkable check to the first progress of Christianity. Addison. No check, no stay, this streamlet fears. Wordsworth.

3. Whatever arrests progress, or limits action; an obstacle, guard,
restraint, or rebuff.
Useful check upon the administration of government. Washington.
A man whom no check could abash. Macaulay.

4. A mark, certificate, or token, by which, errors may be prevented, or a thing or person may be identified; as, checks placed against items in an account; a check given for baggage; a return check on a railroad.

5. A written order directing a bank or banker to pay money as therein stated. See Bank check, below.

6. A woven or painted design in squares resembling the patten of a checkerboard; one of the squares of such a design; also, cloth having such a figure.

7. (Falconry)

Defn: The forsaking by a hawk of its proper game to follow other birds.

8. Small chick or crack. Bank check, a written order on a banker or
broker to pay money in his keeping belonging to the signer.
— Check book, a book containing blank forms for checks upon a bank.
— Check hook, a hook on the saddle of a harness, over which a
checkrein is looped.
— Check list, a list or catalogue by which things may be verified,
or on which they may be checked.
— Check nut (Mech.), a secondary nut, screwing down upon the
primary nut to secure it. Knight.
— Check valve (Mech.), a valve in the feed pipe of a boiler to
prevent the return of the feed water.
— To take check, to take offense. [Obs.] Dryden.

Syn. — Hindrance; setback; interruption; obstruction; reprimand; censure; rebuke; reproof; repulse; rebuff; tally; counterfoil; counterbalance; ticket; draft.

CHECK
Check, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Checked; p. pr. & vb. n. checking.]

1. (Chess)

Defn: To make a move which puts an adversary's piece, esp. his king, in check; to put in check.

2. To put a sudden restraint upon; to stop temporarily; to hinder; to repress; to curb. So many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression. Burke.

3. To verify, to guard, to make secure, by means of a mark, token, or other check; to distinguish by a check; to put a mark against (an item) after comparing with an original or a counterpart in order to secure accuracy; as, to check an account; to check baggage.

4. To chide, rebuke, or reprove. The good king, his master, will check him for it. Shak.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: To slack or ease off, as a brace which is too stiffly extended.

6. To make checks or chinks in; to cause to crack; as, the sun checks timber.

Syn. — To restrain; curb; bridle; repress; control; hinder; impede; obstruct; interrupt; tally; rebuke; reprove; rebuff.

CHECK
Check, v. i.

Defn: To make a stop; to pause; — with at. The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, either is disabled for the future, or else checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after. Locke.

2. To clash or interfere. [R.] Bacon.

3. To act as a curb or restraint. It [his presence] checks too strong upon me. Dryden.

4. To crack or gape open, as wood in drying; or to crack in small checks, as varnish, paint, etc.

5. (Falconry)

Defn: To turn, when in pursuit of proper game, and fly after other
birds.
And like the haggard, check at every feather That comes before his
eye. Shak.

CHECK
Check, a.

Defn: Checkered; designed in checks.

CHECKAGE
Check"age, n.

1. The act of checking; as, the checkage of a name or of an item in a list.

2. The items, or the amount, to which attention is called by a check or checks.

CHECKER
Check"er, n. Etym: [From Check, v. t.]

Defn: One who checks.

CHECKER
Check"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Checkered; p. pr. & vb. n. Checkering.]
Etym: [From OF. eschequier a chessboard, F. échiquier. See Check, n.,
and cf. 3d Checker.]

1. To mark with small squares like a checkerboard, as by crossing stripes of different colors.

2. To variegate or diversify with different qualities, color, scenes, or events; esp., to subject to frequent alternations of prosterity and adversity. Our minds are, as it were, checkered with truth and falsehood. Addison.

CHECKER
Check"er, n. Etym: [OF. eschequier. See Checker, v. t.]

1. A piece in the game of draughts or checkers.

2. A pattern in checks; a single check.

3. Checkerwork.

Note: This word is also written chequer.

CHECKERBERRY
Check"er*ber`ry, n.; pl. Checkerberries. (Bot.)

Defn: A spicy plant and its bright red berry; the wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens). Also incorrectly applied to the partridge berry (Mitchella repens).

CHECKERBOARD
Check"er*board, n.

Defn: A board with sixty-four squares of alternate color, used for playing checkers or draughts.

CHECKERED
Check"ered, a.

1. Marked with alternate squares or checks of different color or material. Dancing in the checkered shade. Milton.

2. Diversified or variegated in a marked manner, as in appearance, character, circumstances, etc. This checkered narrative. Macaulay.

CHECKERS
Check"ers, n. pl. Etym: [See Checher, v.]

Defn: A game, called also daughts, played on a checkerboard by two persons, each having twelve men (counters or checkers) which are moved diagonally. The game is ended when either of the players has lost all his men, or can not move them.

CHECKERWORK
Check"er*work`, n.

1. Work consisting of or showing checkers varied alternately as to colors or materials.

2. Any aggregate of varied vicissitudes. How strange a checkerwork of Providence is the life of man. De Foe.

CHECKLATON
Check"la*ton, n.

1. Ciclatoun. [Obs.]

2. Gilded leather. [Obs.] Spenser.

CHECKLESS
Check"less, a.

Defn: That can not be checked or restrained.

CHECKMATE Check"mate, n. Etym: [F. échec et mat, fr. Per. shah mat ceckmate, lit., the king is dead, fr. Ar. mata he died, is dead. The king, when made prisoner, or checkmated, is assumed to be dead, and the game is finished. See Chess.]

1. The position in the game of chess when a king is in check and cannot be released, — which ends the game.

2. A complete check; utter defeat or overthrow.

CHECKMATE
Check"mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Checkmated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Checkmating.]

1. (Chess)

Defn: To check (an adversary's king) in such a manner that escape in impossible; to defeat (an adversary) by putting his king in check from which there is no escape.

2. To defeat completely; to terminate; to thwart. To checkmate and control my just demands. Ford.

CHECKREIN
Check"rein`, n.

1. A short rein looped over the check hook to prevent a horse from lowering his head; — called also a bearing rein.

2. A branch rein connecting the driving rein of one horse of a span or pair with the bit of the other horse.

CHECKROLL
Check"roll`, n.

Defn: A list of servants in a household; — called also chequer roll.

CHECKSTRING
Check"string`, n.

Defn: A cord by which a person in a carriage or horse car may signal to the driver.

CHECKWORK
Check"work, n.

Defn: Anything made so as to form alternate squares lke those of a checkerboard.

CHECKY
Check"y, a. (Her.)

Defn: Divided into small alternating squares of two tinctures; — said of the field or of an armorial bearing. [Written also checquy, cheguy.]

CHEDDAR
Ched"dar, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or made at, Cheddar, in England; as,
Cheddar cheese.

CHEEK Cheek, n. Etym: [OE. cheke, cheoke, AS. céace, céoce; cf. Goth. kukjan to kiss, D. kaak cheek; perh. akin to E. chew, jaw.]

1. The side of the face below the eye.

2. The cheek bone. [Obs.] Caucer.

3. pl. (Mech.)

Defn: Those pieces of a machine, or of any timber, or stone work, which form corresponding sides, or which are similar and in pair; as, the cheeks (jaws) of a vise; the cheeks of a gun carriage, etc.

4. pl.

Defn: The branches of a bridle bit. Knight.

5. (Founding)

Defn: A section of a flask, so made that it can be moved laterally, to permit the removal of the pattern from the mold; the middle part of a flask.

6. Cool confidence; assurance; impudence. [Slang] Cheek of beef. See
Illust. of Beef.
— Cheek bone (Anat.) the bone of the side of the fase; esp., the
malar bone.
— Cheek by jowl, side by side; very intimate.
— Cheek pouch (Zoöl.), a sacklike dilation of the cheeks of certain
monkeys and rodents, used for holding food.
— Cheeks of a block, the two sides of the shell of a tackle block.
— Cheeks of a mast, the projection on each side of a mast, upon
which the trestletrees rest.
— Cheek tooth (Anat.), a hinder or molar tooth.
— Butment cheek. See under Butment.

CHEEK
Cheek, v. t.

Defn: To be impudent or saucy to. [Slang.]

CHEEKED
Cheeked, a.

Defn: Having a cheek; — used in composition. "Rose-cheeked Adonis."
Shak.

CHEEKY
Cheek"y,

Defn: a Brazen-faced; impudent; bold. [Slang.]

CHEEP
Cheep, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cheeped.] Etym: [Cf. Chirp].

Defn: To chirp, as a young bird.

CHEEP
Cheep, v. t.

Defn: To give expression to in a chirping tone.
Cheep and twitter twenty million loves. Tennyson.

CHEEP
Cheep, n.

Defn: A chirp, peep, or squeak, as of a young bird or mousse.

CHEER Cheer, n. Etym: [OE. chere face, welcome, cheer, OF. chiere, F. chère, fr. LL. cara face, Gr. , L. cerebrum brain, G. hirn, and E. cranium.]

1. The face; the countenance or its expression. [Obs.] "Sweat of thy cheer." Wyclif.

2. Feeling; spirit; state of mind or heart. Be of good cheer. Matt. ix. 2. The parents . . . fled away with heavy cheer. Holland.

3. Gayety; mirth; cheerfulness; animation. I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have. Shak.

1. That which promotes good spirits or cheerfulness; provisions prepared for a feast; entertainment; as, a table loaded with good cheer.

5. A shout, hurrah, or acclamation, expressing joy enthusiasm,
applause, favor, etc.
Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street. Tennyson.
Whzt cheer Now do you fare What is there that is cheering

CHEER
Cheer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cheered; p. pr. & vb. n. cheering.]

1. To cause to rejoice; to gladden; to make cheerful; — often with up. Cowpe.

2. To infuse life, courage, animation, or hope, into; to inspirit; to solace or comfort. The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.

3. To salute or applaud with cheers; to urge on by cheers; as, to cheer hounds in a chase. To cheer ship, to salute a passing ship by cheers of sailors stationed in the rigging.

Syn. — To gladden; encourage; inspirit; comfort; console; enliven; refresh; exhilarate; animate; applaud.

CHEER
Cheer, v. i.

1. To grow cheerful; to become gladsome or joyous; — usually with up. At sight of thee my gloomy soul cheers up. A. Philips.

2. To be in any state or temper of mind. [Obs.] How cheer'st thou, Jessica Shak.

3. To utter a shout or shouts of applause, triumph, etc. And even the ranks of Tusculum Could scare forbear to cheer. Macaulay.

CHEERER
Cheer"er, n.

Defn: One who cheers; one who, or that which, gladdens. "Thou cheerer of our days." Wotton. "Prime cheerer, light." Thomson.

CHEERFUL
Cheer"ful, a.

Defn: Having or showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery;
contented; happy; joyful; lively; animated; willing.
To entertain a cheerful disposition. Shak.
The cheerful birds of sundry kind Do chant sweet music. Spenser.
A cheerful confidence in the mercy of God. Macaulay.
This general applause and cheerful shout. Shak.

Syn. — Lively; animated; gay; joyful; lightsome; gleeful; blithe; airy; sprightly; jocund; jolly; joyous; vivacious; buoyant; sunny; happy; hopeful.

CHEERFULLY
Cheer"ful*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cheerful manner, gladly.

CHEERFULNESS
Cheer"ful*ness, n.

Defn: Good spirits; a state of moderate joy or gayety; alacrity.

CHEERILY
Cheer"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cheery manner.

CHEERINESS
Cheer"i*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being cheery.

CHEERINGLY
Cheer"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner to cheer or encourage.

CHEERISNESS
Cheer"is*ness, n.

Defn: Cheerfulness. [Obs.] There is no Christian duty that is not to be seasoned and set off with cheerishness. Milton.

CHEERLESS
Cheer"less, a.

Defn: Without joy, gladness, or comfort.
— Cheer"less*ly, adv.
— Cheer"less*ness, n.
My cheerful day is turned to cheerles night. Spenser.

Syn. — Gloomy; sad; comfortless; dispiriting; dicsconsolate; dejected; melancholy; forlorn.

CHEERLY
Cheer"ly, a.

Defn: Gay; cheerful. [Obs.] Shak.

CHEERLY
Cheer"ly, adv.

Defn: Cheerily. [Archaic] Tennyson.

CHEERRY
Cheer"ry, a.

Defn: Cheerful; lively; gay; bright; pleasant; as, a cheery person.
His cheery little study, where the sunshine glimmered so pleasantly.
Hawthorne.

CHEESE
Cheese, n. Etym: [OE. chese, AS. cese, fr. L. caseus, LL. casius. Cf.
Casein.]

1. The curd of milk, coagulated usually with rennet, separated from the whey, and pressed into a solid mass in a hoop or mold.

2. A mass of pomace, or ground apples, pressed togehter in the form of a cheese.

3. The flat, circuliar, mucilaginous fruit of the dwarf mallow (Malva rotundifolia). [Colloq.]

4. A low courtesy; — so called on account of the cheese form assumed by a woman's dress when she stoops after extending the skirts by a rapid gyration. De Quincey. Thackeray. Cheese cake, a cake made of or filled with, a composition of soft curds, sugar, and butter. Prior. — Cheese fly (Zoöl.), a black dipterous insect (Piophila casei) of which the larvæ or maggots, called ckippers or hoppers, live in cheese. — Cheese mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite (Tryoglyhus siro) in cheese and other articles of food. — Cheese press, a press used in making cheese, to separate the whey from the curd, and to press the curd into a mold. — Cheese rennet (Bot.), a plant of the Madder family (Golium verum, or yellow bedstraw), sometimes used to coagulate milk. The roots are used as a substitute for madder. — Cheese vat, a vat or tub in which the curd is formed and cut or broken, in cheese making.

CHEESE CLOTH
Cheese" cloth`.

Defn: A thin, loosewoven cotton cloth, such as is used in pressing cheese curds.

CHEESELEP
Cheese"lep, n. Etym: [Cf. Keslop.]

Defn: A bag in which rennet is kept.

CHEESEMONGER
Cheese"mon`ger, n.

Defn: One who deals incheese. B. Jonson.

CHEESEPARING
Cheese"par`ing, n.

Defn: A thin portion of the rind of a cheese.
— a.

Defn: Scrimping; mean; as, cheeseparing economy.

CHEESINESS
Chees"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being cheesy.

CHEESY
Chees"y, a.

Defn: Having the nature, qualities, taste, form, consistency, or appearance of cheese.

CHEETAH
Chee"tah, n. Etym: [Hind. chita.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of leopard (Cynælurus jubatus) tamed and used for hunting in India. The woolly cheetah of South Africa is C. laneus. [Written also chetah.]

CHEF
Chef, n. Etym: [F.]

1. A chief of head person.

2. The head cook of large establishment, as a club, a family, etc.

3. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Chief.

CHEF-D'OEUVRE
Chef`-d'oeuvre", n.; pl. Chefs-d'oeuvre. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A masterpiece; a capital work in art, literature, etc.

CHEGOE; CHEGRE
Cheg"oe, Cheg"re, n.

Defn: See Chigoe.

CHEILOPLASTY
Chei"lo*plas`ty, n. Etym: [Gr. -plasty.] (Surg.)

Defn: The process of forming an artificial tip or part of a lip, by using for the purpose a piece of healthy tissue taken from some neighboring part.

CHEILOPODA
Chei*lop"o*da, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Ch.

CHEIROPTER
Chei*rop"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cheiroptera.

CHEIROPTERA
Chei*rop"te*ra, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of mammalia, including the bats, having four toes of each of the anterior limbs elongated and connected by a web, so that they can be used like wings in flying. See Bat.

CHEIROPTEROUS
Chei*rop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Cheiroptera, or Bat family.

CHEIROPTERYGIUM
Chei*rop`te*ryg"i*um, n.; pl. Cheiropterygia. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.)

Defn: The typical pentadactyloid limb of the higher vertebrates.

CHEIROSOPHY
Chei*ros"o*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of reading character as it is delineated in the hand.
— Chei*ros"o*phist (, n.

CHEIROTHERIUM
Chei`ro*the"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Poleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct animals, so named from fossil footprints rudely resembling impressions of the human hand, and believed to have been made by labyrinthodont reptiles. See Illustration in Appendix.

CHEKELATOUN
Chek`e*la*toun", n.

Defn: See Ciclatoun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHEKMAK
Chek"mak, n.

Defn: A turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.

CHELA
Che"la, n.; pl. Chelæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pincherlike claw of Crustacea and Arachnida.

CHELATE
Che"late, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Cheliferous.

CHELERYTHRINE
Chel`e*ryth"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Am alkaloidal principle obtained from the celandine, and named from the red color of its salts, It is a coloriess crystalline substance, and acts as an acrid narcotic poison. It is identical with sanguinarine.

CHELICERA
Che*lic"e*ra, n.; pl. Cheliceræ Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the anterior pair of mouth organs, terminated by a pincherlike claw, in scorpions and allied Arachnida. They are homologous with the falcers of spiders, and probably with the mandibles of insects.

CHELIDON
Chel"i*don, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The hollow at the flexure of the arm.

CHELIDONIC
Chel`i*don"ic, a. Etym: [See Celandine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the celandine. Cheidonic acid, a weak acid extracted fron the celandine (Chelidonium majus), as a white crystalline substance.

CHELIDONIUS
Chel`i*do"ni*us, n. Etym: [L. (sc. lapillus.)]

Defn: A small stone taken from the gizzard of a young swallow.
— anciently worn as a medicinal charm.

CHELIFER
Chel"i*fer, n. Etym: [Gr. -fer.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Book scorpion, under Book.

CHELIFEROUS
Che*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. -ferous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having cheliform claws, like a crab.

CHELIFORM
Chel"i*form, a. Etym: [Gr. -form.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a movable joint or finger closing againts a preceding joint or a projecting part of it, so that the whole may be ised for grasping, as the claw of a crab; pincherlike.

CHELONE
Che*lo"ne, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of hardy perennial flowering plants, of the order Scrophulariaceaæ., natives of North America; — called also snakehead, turtlehead, shellflower, etc.

CHELONIA
Che*lo"ni*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of reptiles, including the tortoises and turtles, perculiar in having a part of the vertebræ, ribs, and sternum united with the dermal plates so as to form a firm shell. The jaws are covered by a horny beak. See Reptilia; also, Illust. in Appendix.

CHELONIAN
Che*lo"ni*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to animals of the tortoise kind.
— n.

Defn: One of the Chelonia.

CHELURA
Che*lu"ra, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine amphipod crustacea, which bore into and sometimes destroy timber.

CHELY
Che"ly, n.

Defn: A claw. See Chela. [Obs.]

CHEMIC
Chem"ic, n. Etym: [See Chenistry.]

1. A chemist; an alchemist. [Obs.]

2. (Bleaching)

Defn: A solution of chloride of line.

CHEMIC
Chem"ic, a.

Defn: Chemical. Blackw. Mag.

CHEMICAL
Chem"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to chemistry; characterized or produced by the forces and operations of chemistry; employed in the processes of chemistry; as, chemical changes; chemical comnbinations. Chemical attraction or affinity. See under Attraction.

CHEMICAL
Chem"ic*al, n.

Defn: A substance used for producing a chemical effect; a reagent.

CHEMICALLY
Chem"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: According to chemical principles; by chemical process or operation.

CHEMIGLYPHIC
Chem`i*glyph"ic, a. Etym: [Chemical +

Defn: Engraved by a voltaic battary.

CHEMIGRAPHY
Che*mig"ra*phy, n. [Chemical + -graphy.]

Defn: Any mechanical engraving process depending upon chemical action; specif., a process of zinc etching not employing photography. — Chem`i*graph"ic (#), a.

CHEMILOON
Chem`i*loon", n.

Defn: A garment for women, consisting of chemise and drawers united in one. [U. S.]

CHEMISE Che*mise", n. Etym: [F., shirt, fr. LL. camisa, camisia, shirt, thin dress; cf. G. hemd, or Olr. coimumse sort of garment. Cf. Camis.]

1. A shift, or undergarment, worn by women.

2. A wall that lines the face of a bank or earthwork.

CHEMISETTE
Chem`i*sette", n.Etym: [F., dim. of chemise.]

Defn: An under-garment, worn by women, usually covering the neck, shoulders, and breast.

CHEMISM
Chem"ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chimisme. See Chemistry.]

Defn: The force exerted between the atoms of elementary substance whereby they unite to form chemical compounds; chemical attaction; affinity; — sometimes used as a general expression for chemical activity or relationship.

CHEMIST
Chem"ist, n. Etym: [Shortened from alchemist; cf. F. chimiste.]

Defn: A person versed in chemistry or given to chemical investigation; an analyst; a maker or seller of chemicals or drugs.

CHEMISTRY
Chem"is*try, n. Etym: [From Chemist. See Alchemy.]

1. That branch of science which treats of the composition of substances, and of the changes which they undergo in consequence of alterations in the constitution of the molecules, which depend upon variations of the number, kind, or mode of arrangement, of the constituent atoms. These atoms are not assumed to be indivisible, but merely the finest grade of subdivision hitherto attained. Chemistry deals with the changes in the composition and constitution of molecules. See Atom, Molecule.

Note: Historically, chemistry is an outgrowth of alchemy (or alchemistry), with which it was anciently identified.

2. An application of chemical theory and method to the consideration of some particular subject; as, the chemistry of iron; the chemistry of indigo.

3. A treatise on chemistry.

Note: This word and its derivatives were formerly written with y, and sometimes with i, instead of e, in the first syllable, chymistry, chymist, chymical, etc., or chimistry, chimist, chimical, etc.; and the pronunciation was conformed to the orthography. Inorganic chemistry, that which treats of inorganic or mineral substances. — Organic chemistry, that which treats of the substances which from the structure of organized beings and their products, whether animal or vegetable; — called also chemistry of the carbon compounds. There is no fundamental difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. — Physiological chemistry, the chemistry of the organs and tissues of the body, and of the various physiological processes incident to life. — Practical chemistry, or Applied chemistry, that which treats of the modes of manufacturing the products of chemistry that are useful in the arts, of their applications to economical purposes, and of the conditions essential to their best use. — Pure chemistry, the consideration of the facts and theories of chemistry in their purely scientific relations, without necessary reference to their practical applications or mere utility.

CHEMITYPE
Chem"i*type, n. Etym: [Chemical + -type.] (Engraving)

Defn: One of a number of processes by which an impression from an engraved plate is obtained in relief, to be used for printing on an ordinary printing press.

CHEMOLYSIS
Che*mol"y*sis, n. Etym: [Chemical + Gr.

Defn: A term sometimes applied to the decomposition of organic substance into more simple bodies, by the use of chemical agents alone. Thudichum.

CHEMOSIS Che*mo"sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. a swelling of the cornea resembling a cockleshell, fr. a gaping, hence a cockleshell.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammatory swelling of the conjunctival tissue surrounding the cornea. —Che*mot"ic (#), a.

CHEMOSMOSIS
Chem`os*mo"sis, n. Etym: [Chemical + osmosis.]

Defn: Chemical action taking place through an intervening membrane.

CHEMOSMOTIC
Chem`os*mot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or produced by, chemosmosis. [R.]

CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Chem`o*syn"the*sis, n. [Chemical + synthesis.] (Plant Physiol.)

Defn: Synthesis of organic compounds by energy derived from chemical changes or reactions. Chemosynthesis of carbohydrates occurs in the nitrite bacteria through the oxidation of ammonia to nitrous acid, and in the nitrate bacteria through the conversion of nitrous into nitric acid. — Chem`o*syn*thet"ic (#), a.

CHEMOTAXIS; CHEMIOTAXIS Chem`o*tax"is, n. Formerly also Chem`i*o*tax"is. [Chemical + Gr. arrangement, fr. to arrange.] (Biol.)

Defn: The sensitiveness exhibited by small free-swimming organisms, as bacteria, zoöspores of algæ, etc., to chemical substances held in solution. They may be attracted (positive chemotaxis) or repelled (negative chemotaxis). — Chem`o*tac"tic (#), a. — Chem`o*tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

CHEMUNG PERIOD
Che*mung" pe"ri*od, (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision in the upper part of the Devonian system in
America, so named from the Chemung River, along which the rocks are
well developed. It includes the Portage and Chemung groups or epochs.
See the Diagram under Geology.

CHENG
Cheng, n. Etym: [Chinese.]

Defn: A chinese reed instrument, with tubes, blown by the mouth.

CHENILLE
Che*nille", n. Etym: [F., prop., a caterpillar.]

Defn: Tufted cord, of silk or worsted, for the trimimg of ladies' dresses, for embroidery and fringes, and for the weft of chenille rugs.

CHENOMORPHAE
Che`no*mor"phæ, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the swans, ducks, geese, flamingoes and screamers.

CHEPSTER
Chep"ster, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European starling. [Local, Eng.]

CHEQUE
Cheque, n.

Defn: See Check.

CHEQUER
Cheq"uer, n. & v.

Defn: Same as Checker.

CHEQUING
Che*quing", n.

Defn: A coin. See Sequin. Shak.

CHEQUY
Cheq"uy, n. (Her.)

Defn: Same as Checky.

CHERIF
Cher"if, n.

Defn: See Cherif.

CHERIMOYER
Cher`i*moy"er, n. Etym: [F. chérimolier.] (Bot.)

1. A small downy-leaved tree (Anona Cherimolia), with fragrant flowers. It is a native of Peru.

2. Its delicious fruit, which is succulent, dark purple, and similar to the custard apple of the West Indies.

CHERISH
Cher"ish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cherished; p. pr. & vb. n. Cherising.]
Etym: [F. chérir, fr. cher dear, fr. L. carus. See Caress, Finish.]

1. To treat with tenderness and affection; to nurture with care; to
protect and aid.
We were gentle among you, even as a nurse cherisheth her children. 1
Thess. ii. 7.

2. To hold dear; to embrace with interest; to indulge; to encourage; to foster; to promote; as, to cherish religious principle. To cherish virtue and humanity. Burke.

Syn. — To nourish; foster; nurse; nurture; entertain; encourage; comfort; protect; support; See Nurture.

CHERISHER
Cher"ish*er, n.

Defn: One who cherishes.
The cherisher of my flesh and blood. Shak.

CHERISHMENT
Cher"ish*ment, n.

Defn: Encouragement; comfort. [Obs.]
Rich bounty and dear cherishment. Spenser.

CHERMES
Cher"mes, n.

Defn: See Kermes.

CHEROGRIL
Cher"o*gril, n. Etym: [L. choerogryllus, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cony.

CHEROKEES
Cher`o*kees", n. pl.; sing. Cherokee. (Ethnol.)

Defn: An Appalachian tribe of Indians, formerly inhabiting the region about the head waters of the Tennessee River. They are now mostly settled in the Indian Territory, and have become one of the most civilized of the Indian Tribes.

CHEROOT
Che*root", n. Etym: [Tamil shuruttu, prop., a roll.]

Defn: A kind of cigar, originally brought from Mania, in the Philippine Islands; now often made of inferior or adulterated tabacco.

CHERRY Cher"ry, n. Etym: [OE. chery, for cherys, fr. F. cerise (cf. AS. cyrs cherry), fr. LL. ceresia, fr. L. cerasus Cherry tree, Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tree or shrub of the genus Prunus (Which also includes the plum) bearing a fleshy drupe with a bony stone; (a) The common garden cherry (Prunus Cerasus), of which several hundred varieties are cultivated for the fruit, some of which are, the begarreau, blackheart, black Tartarian, oxheart, morelle or morello, May-duke (corrupted from Médoc in France). (b) The wild cherry; as, prunus serotina (wild black cherry), valued for its timber; P. Virginiana (choke cherry), an American shrub which bears astringent fruit; P. avium and P. Padus, European trees (bird cherry).

2. The fruit of the cherry tree, a drupe of various colors and flavors.

3. The timber of the cherry tree, esp. of the black cherry, used in cabinetmaking, etc.

4. A peculiar shade of red, like that of a cherry. Barbadoes cherry.
See under Barbadoes.
— Cherry bird (Zoöl.), an American bird; the cedar bird; — so
called from its fondness for cherries.
— Cherry bounce, cherry brandy and sugar.
— Cherry brandy, brandy in which cherries have been steeped.
— Cherry laurel (Bot.), an evergren shrub (Prunus Lauro-cerasus)
common in shrubberies, the poisonous leaves of which have a flavor
like that of bitter almonds.
— Cherry pepper (Bot.), a species of Capsicum (C. cerasiforme),
with small, scarlet, intensely piquant cherry-shaped fruit.
— Cherry pit. (a) A child's play, in which cherries are thrown into
a hole. Shak. (b) A cherry stone.
— Cherry rum, rum in which cherries have been steeped.
— Cherry sucker (Zoöl.), the European spotted flycatcher (Musicapa
grisola); — called also cherry chopper cherry snipe. Cherry tree, a
tree that bears cherries.
— Ground cherry, Winter cherry, See Alkekengi.

CHERRY
Cher"ry, a.

Defn: Like a red cherry in color; ruddy; blooming; as, a cherry lip; cherry cheeks.

CHERSONESE
Cher"so*nese, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A peninsula; a tract of land nearly surrounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of land or isthmus; as, the Cimbric Chersonese, or Jutland; the Tauric Chersonese, or Crimea.

CHERT
Chert, n. Etym: [Ir. ceart stone, perh. akin to E. crag.] (Min.)

Defn: An impure, massive, flintlike quartz or hornstone, of a dull color.

CHERTY
Chert"y, a.

Defn: Like chert; containing chert; flinty.

CHERUB Cher"ub, n.; pl. Cherubs; but the Hebrew plural Cherubim is also used. Etym: [Heb. kerub.]

1. A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x. I knew that they were the cherubim. Ezek. x. 20. He rode upon a cherub and did fly. Ps. xviii. 10.

2. A symbolical winged figure of unknown form used in connection with the mercy seat of the Jewish Ark and Temple. Ez. xxv. 18.

3. One of a order of angels, variously represented in art. In European painting the cherubim have been shown as blue, to denote knowledge, as distinguished from the seraphim (see Seraph), and in later art the children's heads with wings are generally called cherubs.

4. A beautiful child; — so called because artists have represented cherubs as beautiful children.

CHERUBIC; CHERUBICAL
Che*ru"bic, Che*ru"bic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to cherubs; angelic. "The cherubic host."
Milton.

CHERUBIM
Cher"u*bim, n.

Defn: The Hebrew plural of Cherub.. Cf. Seraphim.

Note: Cherubims, in the King James version of the bible, is an incorrect form, made by adding the English plural termination to the Hebrew plural cherubim instead of to the singular cherub.

CHERUBIN
Cher"u*bin, a.

Defn: Cherubic; angelic. [Obs.] Shak.

CHERUBIN
Cher"u*bin, n.

Defn: A cherub. [Obs.] Dryden.

CHERUP
Cher"up, v. i. Etym: [Prob. fr. chirp.]

Defn: To make a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to chirp. See Chirrup.
"Cheruping birds." Drayton.

CHERUP
Cher"up, v. t.

Defn: To excite or urge on by making a short, shrill, cheerful sound; to cherup to. See Chirrup. He cherups brisk ear-erecting steed. Cowper.

CHERUP
Cher"up, n.

Defn: A short, sharp, cheerful noise; a chirp; a chirrup; as, the cherup of a cricket.

CHERVIL
Cher"vil, n. Etym: [AS. cerfille, fr. L. caerefolium, chaerephyllum,
Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Anthriscus cerefolium) with pinnately divided aromatic leaves, of which several curled varieties are used in soups and salads.

CHES
Ches,

Defn: pret. of Chese. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHESE
Chese, v. t.

Defn: To choose [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHESIBLE
Ches"i*ble, n.

Defn: See Chasuble.

CHESLIP
Ches"lip, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wood louse. [Prov. Eng.]

CHESS Chess, n. Etym: [OE. ches, F. échecs, prop. pl. of échec check. See 1st Check.]

Defn: A game played on a chessboard, by two persons, with two differently colored sets of men, sixteen in each set. Each player has a king, a queen, two bishops, two knights, two castles or rooks, and eight pawns.

CHESS
Chess, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of brome grass (Bromus secalinus) which is a troublesome weed in wheat flelds, and is often erroneously regarded as degenerate or changed wheat; it bears a very slight resemblance to oats, and if reaped and ground up with wheat, so as to be used for food, is said to produce narcotic effects; — called also cheat and Willard's bromus. [U. S.]

Note: Other species of brome grass are called upright chess, soft chess, etc.

CHESS-APPLE
Chess"-ap`ple, n.

Defn: The wild service of Europe (Purus torminalis).

CHESSBOARD
Chess"board`, n.

Defn: The board used in the game of chess, having eight rows of alternate light and dark squares, eight in each row. See Checkerboard.

Note: The chessboard and the checkerboard are alike.

CHESSEL
Ches"sel, n.

Defn: The wooden mold in which cheese is pressed. Simmonds.

CHESSES
Chess"es, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. F. chassis a framework of carpenty.]
(Mil.)

Defn: The platforms, consisting of two or more planks doweled together, for the flooring of a temporary military bridge. Wilhelm. A singular, chess, is sometimes used. "Each chess consists of three planks." Farrow.

CHESSIL
Ches"sil, n. Etym: [OE. chesil, AS. ceosel gravel, sand.]

Defn: Gravel or pebbles. Halliwell.

CHESSMAN
Chess"man, n.; pl. Chessmen.

Defn: A piece used in the game of chess.

CHESSOM
Ches"som, n. Etym: [Cf. Chisley.]

Defn: Mellow earth; mold. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHESSTREE
Chess"tree`, n. Etym: [Cf. F chassis a framework of carpentry.]
(Naut.)

Defn: A piece of oak bolted perpendicularly on the side of a vessel, to aid in drawing down and securing the clew of the mainsail.

CHESSY COPPER
Ches`sy" cop"per. (Min.)

Defn: The mineral azurite, found in fine crystallization at Chessy, near Lyons; called also chessylite.

CHEST Chest, n. Etym: [OE. chest, chist, AS. cest, cist, cyst, L. cista, fr. Gr. Cist, Cistern.]

1. A large box of wood, or other material, having, like a trunk, a lid, but no covering of skin, leather, or cloth. Heaps of money crowded in the chest. Dryden.

2. A coffin. [Obs.] He is now dead and mailed in his cheste. Chaucer.

3. The part of the body inclosed by the ribs and breastbone; the thorax.

4. (Com.)

Defn: A case in which certain goods, as tea, opium, etc., are transported; hence, the quantity which such a case contains.

5. (Mech.)

Defn: A tight receptacle or box, usually for holding gas, steam, liguids, etc.; as, the steam chest of an engine; the wind chest of an organ. Bomb chest, See under Bomb. — Chest of drawers, a case or movable frame containing drawers.

CHEST
Chest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chested.]

1. To deposit in a chest; to hoard.

2. To place in a coffin. [Obs.] He dieth and is chested. Gen. 1. 26 (heading).

CHEST
Chest, n. Etym: [AS. ceást.]

Defn: Strife; contention; controversy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

CHESTED
Chest"ed, a.

Defn: Having (such) a chest; — in composition; as, broad-chested; narrow-chested.

CHESTERLITE
Ches"ter*lite, n. Etym: [See -lite.]

Defn: A variety of feldspar found in crystals in the county of
Chester, Pennsylvania.

CHESTEYN
Ches"teyn, n.

Defn: The chestnut tree. [Obs.]
Wilwe, elm, plane, assch, box, chesteyn. Chaucer.

CHEST FOUNDER
Chest" foun`der. (Far.)

Defn: A rheumatic affection of the muscles of the breast and fore legs of a horse, affecting motion and respiration.

CHESTNUT Chest"nut, n. Etym: [For chesten-nut; OE. chestein, chesten, chastein, chestnut, fr. AS. cisten in cistenbeám chestnut tree, influenced by OF. chastaigne, F. châtaigne, both the AS. and the F. words coming from L. castanea a chestnut, Gr. Castanets.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The edible nut of a forest tree (Castanea vesce) of Europe and
America. Commonly two or more of the nuts grow in a prickly bur.

2. The tree itself, or its light, coarse-grained timber, used for ornamental work, furniture, etc.

3. A bright brown color, like that of the nut.

4. The horse chestnut (often so used in England).

5. One of the round, or oval, horny plates on the inner sides of the legs of the horse, and allied animals.

6. An old joke or story. [Slang] Chestnut tree, a tree that bears chestnuts.

CHESTNUT
Chest"nut, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining of a chestnut; of a reddish brown color; as, chestnut curls.

CHETAH
Che"tah, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cheetah.

CHETVERT
Chet"vert, n. Etym: [Russ. chetverte.]

Defn: A measure of grain equal to 0.7218 of an imperial quarter, or 5.95 Winchester bushels. [Russia]

CHEVACHIE
Chev"a*chie`, n.

Defn: See Chivachie. [Obs.]

CHEVAGE
Che"vage, n.

Defn: See Chiefage. [Obs.]

CHEVAL
Che*val", n.; pl. Chevaux. Etym: [F. See Cavalcade.]

Defn: A horse; hence, a support or frame. Cheval glass, a mirror swinging in a frame, and large enough to reflect the full leght figure.

CHEVAL-DE-FRISE
Che*val"-de-frise", n.; commonly used in the pl. Chevaux-de-frise.
Etym: [F.; cheval horse + Frise Friesland, where it was first used.]
(Mil.)

Defn: A piece of timber or an iron barrel traversed with iron-pointed spikes or spears, five or six feet long, used to defend a passage, stop a breach, or impede the advance of cavalry, etc. Obstructions of chain, boom, and cheval-de-frise. W. Irving.

CHEVALIER
Che`va*lier", n. Etym: [F., fr. LL. caballarius. See Cavaller.]

1. A horseman; a knight; a gallant young man. "Mount, chevaliers; to arms." Shak.

2. A member of certain orders of knighthood. Chevalier d'industrie (
Etym: [F.], one who lives by persevering fraud; a pickpocket; a
sharper.
— The Chevalier St. George (Eng. Hist.), James Francis Edward
Stuart (son of James II.), called "The Pretender." — The Young
Chevalier, Charles Edward Stuart, son of the Chevalier St. George.

CHEVAUX
Che*vaux", n. pl.

Defn: See Cheval.

CHEVE
Cheve, v. i. Etym: [OF. chevir. See Chievance.]

Defn: To come to an issue; to turn out; to succed; as, to cheve well in a enterprise. [Prov. or Obs.] Holland.

CHEVELURE
Cheve*lure", n. Etym: [F., head of hair.]

Defn: A hairlike envelope.
The nucleus and chevelure of nebulous star. Sir. W. Hershel.

CHEVEN
Chev"en, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chevanne. Cf. Chavender.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A river fish; the chub. Sir T. Browne.

CHEVENTEIN
Chev"en*tein, n.

Defn: A variant of Chieftain. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHEVERIL Chev"er*il, n. Etym: [OF. chevrel, F. chevreau, kid, dim. of chevre goat, fr. L. capra. See Caper, v. i.]

Defn: Soft leather made of kid skin. Fig.: Used as a symbol of
flexibility. [Obs.]
Here's wit of cheveril, that stretches from an inch narrow to an ell
broad. Shak.

CHEVERIL
Chev"er*il, a.

Defn: Made of cheveril; pliant. [Obs.]
A cheveril conscience and a searching wit. Drayton.

CHEVERLIIZE
Chev"er*li*ize, v. i.

Defn: To make as pliable as kid leather. [Obs.] Br. Montagu.

CHEVET
Che*vet", n. Etym: [F., head of the bed, dim. fr. chef head. See
Chief.] (Arch.)

Defn: The extreme end of the chancel or choir; properly the round or polygonal part.

CHEVIOT
Chev"i*ot, n.

1. A valuable breed of mountain sheep in Scotland, which takes its name from the Cheviot hills.

2. A woolen fabric, for men's clothing.

CHEVISANCE
Chev"i*sance, n. Etym: [Of. chevisance, chevissance, fr. chevircome
to an end, perform, fr. chef head, end, from L. caput head. See
Chieve, Chief.]

1. Achievement; deed; performance. [Obs.] Fortune, the foe of famous chevisance. Spenser.

2. A bargain; profit; gain. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

3. (O. Eng. Law) (a) A making of contracts. (b) A bargain or contract; an agreement about a matter in dispute, such as a debt; a business compact. (c) An unlawful agreement or contract.

CHEVRETTE
Chev*rette", n. Etym: [F., fr. chévre goat, fr. L. capra. Cf.
Chevron.] (Mil.)

Defn: A machine for raising guns or mortar into their carriages.

CHEVRON Chev"ron, n. Etym: [F., rafter, chevron, from chévre goat, OF. chevre, fr. L. capra she-goat. See Cheveril.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: One of the nine honorable ordinaries, consisting of two broad bands of the width of the bar, issuing, respectively from the dexter and sinister bases of the field and conjoined at its center.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A distinguishing mark, above the elow, on the sleeve of a noncommisioned officer's coat.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A zigzag molding, or group of moldings, common in Norman architecture. Chevron bones (Anat.), The V-shaped subvertebral arches which inclose the caudal blood vessels in some animals.

CHEVRONED
Chev"roned, p. a.

Defn: Having a chevron; decorated with an ornamental figure of a
zigzag from.
[A garment] whose nether parts, with their bases, were of watchet
cloth of silver, chevroned all over with lace. B. Jonson.

CHEVRONEL
Chev"ron*el, n. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing like a chevron, but of only half its width.

CHEVRONWISE
Chev"ron*wise`, adv. (Her.)

Defn: In the manner of a chevron; as, the field may be divided chevronwise.

CHEVROTAIN Chev`ro*tain", n. Etym: [F. chevrotin, OF. chevrot little goat, roe, dim. of chevre goat. See Chevron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small ruminant of the family Tragulidæ a allied to the musk deer. It inhabits Africa and the East Indies. See Kanchil.

CHEVY
Chev"y, v. t.

Defn: See Chivy, v. t. [Slang, Eng.] One poor fellow was chevied about among the casks in the storm for ten minutes. London Times.

CHEW Chew, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chewed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chewing.] Etym: [As ceówan, akin to D. kauwen, G. kauen. Cf. Chaw, Jaw.]

1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate.

2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on. He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. Prior. To chew the cud, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate. Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. Deut. xxiv. 6.

CHEW
Chew, v. i.

Defn: To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate. old politicians chew wisdom past. Pope.

CHEW
Chew, n.

Defn: That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Law]

CHEWER
Chew"er, n.

Defn: One who chews.

CHEWET
Chew"et, n.

Defn: A kind of meat pie. [Obs.]

CHEWINK
Che"wink, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An american bird (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) of the Finch family, so called from its note; — called also towhee bunting and ground robin.

CHEYENNES
Chey*ennes", n. pl.; sing. cheyenne. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike tribe of indians, related to the blackfeet, formerly inhabiting the region of Wyoming, but now mostly on reservations in the Indian Territory. They are noted for their horsemanship.

CHIAN
Chi"an a. Etym: [L. chius, fr. Chios the island Chios, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chios, an island in the Ægean Sea. Chian earth, a dense, compact kind of earth, from Chios, used anciently as an astringent and a cosmetic. — Chian turpentine, a fragrant, almost transparent turpentine, obtained from the Pistacia Terebinthus.

CHIAROSCURIST
Chi*a`ros*cu"rist, n.

Defn: A painter who cares for and studies light and shade rather than color.

CHIAROSCURO; CHIARO-OSCURO Chia`ro*scu"ro, Chi*a"ro-os*cu"ro, n. Etym: [It., clear dark.] (a) The arrangement of light and dark parts in a work of art, such as a drawing or painting, whether in monochrome or in color. (b) The art or practice of so arranging the light and dark parts as to produce a harmonious effect. Cf. Clair-obscur.

CHIASM; CHIASMA
Chi"asm, Chi*as"ma, n. Etym: [NL. chiasma, fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A commissure; especially, the optic commissure, or crucial union of the optic nerves. — Chi*as"mal (, a..

CHIASMUS
Chi*as"mus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Chiasm.] (Rhet.)

Defn: An inversion of the order of words or phrases, when repeated or subsequently referred to in a sentence; thus, If e'er to bless thy sons My voice or hands deny, These hands let useful skill forsake, This voice in silence die. Dwight.

CHIASTOLITE
Chi*as"to*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite. See Chiasm. So called from the
resemblance of the cross cuts of is crystals to the Greek letter x.]
(Min.)

Defn: A variety of andalusite; — called also macle. The tesselated apperance of a cross section is due to the symmetrical arrangement of impurities in the crystal.

CHIBBAL
Chib"bal, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Cibol.

CHIBOUQUE; CHIBOUK
Chi*bouque", Chi*bouk", n. Etym: [F. chibouque, fr. Turk.]

Defn: A Turkish pipe, usually with a mouthpiece of amber, a stem, four or five feet long and not pliant, of some valuable wood, and a bowl of baked clay.

CHIC
Chic, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Good form; style. [Slang]

CHICA
Chi"ca, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: A red coloring matter. extracted from the Bignonia Chica, used by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the skin.

2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South American from a decoction of maize.

3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc.

CHICALOTE
Chi`ca*lo"te, n. [Sp., prob. of Mex. origin.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone platyceras), which has migrated into California.

CHICANE Chi*cane", n. Etym: [F., prob. earlier meaning a dispute, orig. in the game of mall (F. mail), fr. LGr. chaugan club or bat; or possibly ultimated fr. L. ciccus a trible.]

Defn: The use of artful subterfuge, designed to draw away attention from the merits of a case or question; — specifically applied to legal proceedings; trickery; chicanery; caviling; sophistry. Prior. To shuffle from them by chicane. Burke. To cut short this, I propound it fairly to your own canscience. Berkeley.

CHICANE
Chi*cane", v. i. Etym: [Cf. F. chicaner. See Chicane, n.]

Defn: To use shifts, cavils, or artifices. Burke.

CHICANER
Chi*can"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chicaneur.]

Defn: One who uses chicanery. Locke.

CHICANERY
Chi*can"er*y, n. Etym: [F. chicanerie.]

Defn: Mean or unfair artifice to perplex a cause and obscure the truth; stratagem; sharp practice; sophistry. Irritated by perpetual chicanery. Hallam.

Syn.
— Trickery; sophistry; stratagem.

CHICCORY
Chic"co*ry, n.

Defn: See Chicory.

CHICH Chich, n.; pl. Chiches (. Etym: [F. chiche, pois chiche, a dwarf pea, from L. cicer the chick-pea.] (Bot.)

Defn: The chick-pea.

CHICHA
Chi"cha, n. Etym: [Sp.]

Defn: See Chica.

CHICHEVACHE
Chiche"vache`, n. Etym: [F. chiche lean + vache cow.]

Defn: A fabulous cow of enormous size, whose food was patient wives, and which was therefore in very lean condition.

CHICHLING; CHICHLING VETCH
Chich"ling, Chich"ling vetch`, n. Etym: [Chich + -ling.] (Bot.)

Defn: A leguminous plant (Lathyrus sativus), with broad flattened seeds which are sometimes used for food.

CHICK
Chick, v. i. Etym: [OE. chykkyn, chyke, chicken.]

Defn: To sprout, as seed in the ground; to vegetate. Chalmers.

CHICK
Chick, n.

1. A chicken.

2. A child or young person; — a term of endearment. Shak.

CHICKABIDDY
Chick"a*bid`dy, n.

Defn: A chicken; a fowl; also, a trivial term of endearment for a child.

CHICKADEE
Chick"a*dee`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small bird, the blackcap titmouse (Parus atricapillus), of
North America; — named from its note.

CHICKAREE
Chick"a*ree`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American red squirrel (Sciurus Hudsonius); — so called from its cry.

CHICKASAWS
Chick"a*saws, n. pl.; sing. Chickasaw. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A trible of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian) allied to the Choctaws. They formerly occupied the northern part of Alabama and Mississippi, but now live in the Indian Territory.

CHICKEN Chick"en, n. Etym: [AS. cicen, cyceun, dim. of coc cock; akin to LG. kiken, küken, D. Kieken, kuiken, G. küchkein. See Cock the animal.]

1. A young bird or fowl, esp. a young barnyard fowl.

2. A young person; a child; esp. a young woman; a maiden. "Stella is no chicken." Swift. Chicken cholera, a contagious disease of fowls; - - so called because first studied during the prevalence of a cholera epidemic in France. It has no resemblance to true cholera.

CHICKEN-BREASTED
Chick"en-breast`ed, a.

Defn: Having a narrow, projecting chest, caused by forward curvature of the vertebral column.

CHICKEN-HEARTED
Chick"en-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Timid; fearful; cowardly. Bunyan.

CHICKEN POX
Chick"en pox". (Med.)

Defn: A mild, eruptive disease, generally attacking children only; varicella.

CHICKLING
Chick"ling, n. Etym: [Chick+-ling.]

Defn: A small chick or chicken.

CHICK-PEA
Chick"-pea`, n. Etym: [See Chich.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A Small leguminous plant (Cicer arietinum) of Asia, Africa, and the sounth of Europe; the chick; the dwarf pea; the gram.

2. Its nutritious seed, used in cookery, and especially, when roasted (parched pulse), as food for travelers in the Eastern deserts.

CHICKWEED
Chick"weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several caryophyllaseous weeds, especially Stellaria media, the seeds and flower buds of which are a favorite food of small birds.

CHICKY
Chick"y, n.

Defn: A chicken; — used as a diminutive or pet name, especially in calling fowls.

CHICLE; CHICLE GUM
Chic"le, n., Chicle gum. [Amer. Sp. chicle.]

Defn: A gumlike substance obtained from the bully tree (Mimusops globosa) and sometimes also from the naseberry or sapodilla (Sapota zapotilla). It is more plastic than caoutchouc and more elastic than gutta-percha, as an adulterant of which it is used in England. It is used largely in the United States in making chewing gum.

CHICO
Chi"co, n.

1. Var. of Chica.

2. The common greasewood of the western United States (Sarcobatus vermiculatus).

3. In the Philippines, the sapodilla or its fruit; also, the marmalade tree or its fruit.

CHICORY Chic"o*ry, n. Etym: [F. chicorée, earlier also cichorée, L. cichorium, fr. Gr. , , Cf. Succory.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A branching perennial plant (Cichorium Intybus) with bright blue flowers, growing wild in Europe, Asia, and America; also cultivated for its roots and as a salad plant; succory; wild endive. See Endive.

2. The root, which is roasted for mixing with coffe.

CHICORY
Chi"co*ry, n.

Defn: See Chiccory.

CHIDE Chide, v. t. Etym: [imp. Chid, or Chode (Obs.); p. p. Chidden, Chid; p. pr. & vb. n. Chiding.] Etym: [AS. cidan; of unknown origin.]

1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with. Upbraided, chid, and rated at. Shak.

2. Fig.: To be noise about; to chafe against. The sea that chides the banks of England. Shak. To chide hither, chide from, or chide away, to cause to come, or to drive away, by scolding or reproof.

Syn. — To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach; reprehend; reprimand.

CHIDE
Chide, v. i.

1. To utter words of disapprobation and displeasure; to find fault; to contend angrily. Wherefore the people did chide with Moses. Ex. xvii. 2.

2. To make a clamorous noise; to chafe. As doth a rock againts the chiding flood. Shak.

CHIDE
Chide, n. Etym: [AS. cid]

Defn: A continuous noise or murmur.
The chide of streams. Thomson.

CHIDER
Chid"er, n.

Defn: One who chides or quarrels. Shak.

CHIDERESS
Chid"er*ess, n.

Defn: She who chides. [Obs.]

CHIDESTER
Chide"ster, n. Etym: [Chide + -ster.]

Defn: A female scold. [Obs.]

CHIDINGLY
Chid"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chiding or reproving manner.

CHIEF Chief, n. Etym: [OE. chief, chef, OF. chief, F. chef, fr. L. caput head, possibly akin to E. head. Cf. Captain, Chapter]

1. The head or leader of any body of men; a commander, as of an army; a head man, as of a tribe, clan, or family; a person in authority who directs the work of others; the pricipal actio or agent.

2. The principal part; the most valuable portion. The chief of the things which should be utterly destroyed.1. Sam. xv. 21

3. (Her.)

Defn: The upper third part of the field. It is supposed to be composed of the dexter, sinister, and middle chiefs. In chief. (a) At the head; as, a commander in chief. (b) (Eng. Law) From the king, or sovereign; as, tenure in chief, tenure directly from the king.

Syn. — Chieftain; captain; general; commander; leader; head; principal; sachem; sagamore; sheik. — Chief, chieftain, Commander, Leader. These words fluctuate somewhat in their meaning according to circumstances, but agree in the general idea of rule and authority. The term chief is now more usually applied to one who is a head man, leader, or commander in civil or military affairs, or holds a hereditary or acquired rank in a tribe or clan; as, the chief of police; the chief of an Indian tribe. A chieftain is the chief of a clan or tribe , or a military leader. A commander directs the movements of or has control over a body of men, as a military or naval force. A leader is one whom men follow, as in a political party, a legislative body, a military or scientific expedition, etc., one who takes the command and gives direction in particular enterprises.

CHIEF
Chief, a.

1. Highest in office or rank; principal; head. "Chief rulers." John. xii. 42.

2. Principal or most eminent in any quality or action; most distinguished; having most influence; taking the lead; most important; as, the chief topic of conversation; the chief interest of man.

3. Very intimate, near, or close. [Obs.] A whisperer separateth chief friends. Prov. xvi. 28.

Syn. — Principal; head; leading; main; paramount; supreme; prime; vital; especial; great; grand; eminent; master.

CHIEFAGE
Chief"age, n. Etym: [OF. chevage, fr. chief head. See Chief.]

Defn: A tribute by the head; a capitation tax. [Written also chevage and chivage.] [Obs.]

CHIEF BARON
Chief" bar"on. (Eng. Law)

Defn: The presiding judge of the court of exchequer.

CHIEFEST
Chief"est, a. Etym: [Superl. of Chief.]

Defn: First or foremost; chief; principal. [Archaic] "Our chiefest
courtier." Shak.
The chiefest among ten thousand. Canticles v. 10.

CHIEF HARE
Chief" hare`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small rodent (Lagamys princeps) inhabiting the summits of the
Rocky Mountains; — also called crying hare, calling hare, cony,
American pika, and little chief hare.

Note: It is not a true hare or rabbit, but belongs to the curious family Lagomyidæ.

CHIEF JUSTICE
Chief" jus"tice.

Defn: The presiding justice, or principal judge, of a court. Lord
Chief Justice of England, The presiding judge of the Queen's Bench
Division of the High Court of Justice. The highest judicial officer
of the realm is the Lord High Chancellor.
— Chief Justice of the United States, the presiding judge of the
Supreme Court, and Highest judicial officer of the republic.

CHIEF-JUSTICESHIP
Chief"-jus"tice*ship, n.

Defn: The office of chief justice. Jay selected the chief-justiceship as most in accordance with his tastes. The Century.

CHIEFLESS
Chief"less, a.

Defn: Without a chief or leader.

CHIEFLY
Chief"ly, adv.

1. In the first place; principally; preëminently; above; especially. Search through this garden; leave unsearched no nook; But chiefly where those two fair creatures lodge. Milton.

2. For the most part; mostly. Those parts of the kingdom where the . . . estates of the dissenters chiefly lay. Swift.

CHIEFRIE
Chief"rie, n.

Defn: A small rent paid to the lord paramount. [Obs.] Swift.

CHIEFTAIN Chief"tain, n. Etym: [OE. cheftayn, chevetayn, OF. chevetain, F. capitaine, LL. capitanus, fr. L. caput head. Cf. Captain, and see chief.]

Defn: A captain, leader, or commander; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan.

Syn.
— Chief; commander; leader; head. See Chief.

CHIEFTAINCY; CHIEFTAINSHIP
Chief"tain*cy, Chief"tain*ship, n.

Defn: The rank, dignity, or office of a chieftain.

CHIERTE
Chier"te, n. Etym: [OF. cherté. See Charity.]

Defn: Love; tender regard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIEVANCE Chiev"ance, n. Etym: [OF. chevance property, equiv. To chevisance, fr. chevir to accomplish. See Chevisance.]

Defn: An unlawful bargain; traffic in which money is exported as discount. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHIEVE
Chieve, v. i.

Defn: See Cheve, v. i. [Obs.]

CHIFF-CHAFF
Chiff"-chaff (, n. Etym: [So called from its note.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of European warbler (Sylvia hippolais); — called also chip-chap, and pettychaps.

CHIFFON
Chif`fon", n. [F., lit., rag. See Chiffonier.]

1.

Defn: Any merely ornamental adjunct of a woman's dress, as a bunch of ribbon, lace, etc.

2. A kind of soft gauzy material used for ruches, trimmings, etc.

CHIFFONIER; CHIFFONIERE Chif`fo*nier", fem. Chif`fo-nière", n. Etym: [F. chiffonnier, fem. chiffonnière, fr. chiffon rag, fr. chiffe a rag, fimsy cloth.]

1. One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.

2. A receptacle for rags or shreds.

3. A movable and ornamental closet or piece of furniture with shelves or drawers. G. Eliot.

CHIGNON Chi"gnon (, n. Etym: [F., prop. equiv. to chaînon link, fr. chaîne chain, fr. L. catena Cf. Chain.]

Defn: A knot, boss, or mass of hair, natural or artificial, worn by a woman at the back of the head. A curl that had strayed from her chignon. H. James.

CHIGOE; CHIGRE Chig"oe, Chig"re, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chigue, perh. fr. Catalan chic small, Sp. chico; or of Peruvian origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of flea (Pulex penetrans), common in the West Indies and South America, which often attacks the feet or any exposed part of the human body, and burrowing beneath the skin produces great irritation. When the female is allowed to remain and breed, troublesome sores result, which are sometimes dangerous. See Jigger. [Written also chegre, chegoe, chique, chigger, jigger.]

Note: The name is sometimes erroneously given to certain mites or ticks having similar habits.

CHIH FU
Chih" fu`. [Chin. chih fu, lit., (He who) knows (the) prefecture.]

Defn: An official administering a prefecture of China; a prefect, supervising the civil business of the hsiens or districts comprised in his fu (which see).

CHIH HSIEN Chih" hsien`. [Chin. chih hsien, lit., (He who) knows (the) district.]

Defn: An official having charge of a hsien, or administrative district, in China; a district magistrate, responsible for good order in his hsien (which see), and having jurisdiction in its civil and criminal cases.

CHIH TAI
Chih" tai`. [Chin. chih to govern + t"ai an honorary title.]

Defn: A Chinese governor general; a tsung tu (which see).

CHIKARA Chi*ka"ra (, n. Etym: [Hind.] (Zoöl.) (a) The Ingoat antelope (Tragops Bennettii) Of India. (b) The Indian four-horned antelope (Tetraceros quadricornis).

CHILBLAIN
Chil"blain`, n. Etym: [Chill + Blain.]

Defn: A blain, sore, or inflammatory swelling, produced by exposure of the feet or hands to cold, and attended by itching, pain, and sometimes ulceration.

CHILBLAIN
Chil"blain`, v. t.

Defn: To produce chilblains upon.

CHILD Child, n.; pl. Children. Etym: [AS. cild, pl. cildru; cf. Goth. kilÞei womb, in-kilÞ\'d3 with child.]

1. A son or a daughter; a male or female descendant, in the first degree; the immediate progeny of human parents; — in law, legitimate offspring. Used also of animals and plants.

2. A descendant, however remote; — used esp. in the plural; as, the children of Israel; the children of Edom.

3. One who, by character of practice, shows signs of relationship to, or of the influence of, another; one closely connected with a place, occupation, character, etc.; as, a child of God; a child of the devil; a child of disobedience; a child of toil; a child of the people.

4. A noble youth. See Childe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. A young person of either sex. esp. one between infancy and youth; hence, one who exhibits the characteristics of a very young person, as innocence, obedience, trustfulness, limited understanding, etc. When I was child. I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child; but when I became a man, I put away childish things. 1. Cor. xii. 11.

6. A female infant. [Obs.]
A boy or a child, I wonder Shak.
To be with child, to be pregnant.
— Child's play, light work; a trifling contest.

CHILD
Child, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Childed; p. pr. & vb. n. Childing.]

Defn: To give birth; to produce young.
This queen Genissa childing died. Warner.
It chanced within two days they childed both. Latimer.

CHILDBEARING
Child"bear`ing, n.

Defn: The act of producing or bringing forth children; parturition.
Milton. Addison.

CHILDBED
Child"bed, n.

Defn: The state of a woman bringing forth a child, or being in labor; parturition.

CHILDBIRTH
Child"birth, n.

Defn: The act of bringing forth a child; travail; labor. Jer. Taylor.

CHILDCROWING
Child"crow`ing, n. (Med.)

Defn: The crowing noise made by children affected with spasm of the laryngeal muscles; false croup.

CHILDE
Childe, n.

Defn: A cognomen formerly prefixed to his name by the oldest son, until he succeeded to his ancestral titles, or was knighted; as, Childe Roland.

CHILDED
Child"ed, a.

Defn: Furnished with a child. [Obs.]

CHILDERMAS DAY
Chil"dermas day`. Etym: [AS. cildamæsse-dæg; cild child +dæg day.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A day (December 28) observed by mass or festival in commemoration of the children slain by Herod at Bethlehem; — called also Holy Innocent's Day.

CHILDHOOD Child"hood, n. Etym: [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]

1. The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. I have walked before you from my childhood. 1. Sam. xii. 2.

2. Children, taken collectively. [R.] The well-governed childhood of this realm. Sir. W. Scott.

3. The commencement; the first period. The childhood of our joy. Shak. Second childhood, the state of being feeble and incapable from old age.

CHILDING
Child"ing, a. Etym: [See Child, v. i.]

Defn: Bearing Children; (Fig.) productive; fruitful. [R.] Shak.

CHILDISH
Child"ish, a.

1. Of, pertaining to, befitting, or resembling, a child. "Childish innocence." Macaulay.

2. Peurile; trifling; weak. Methinks that simplicity in her countenance is rather childish than innocent. Addison.

Note: Childish, as applied tc persons who are grown up, is in a disparaging sense; as, a childish temper.

CHILDISHLY
Child"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a child; in a trifling way; in a weak or foolish manner.

CHILDISHNESS
Child"ish*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being childish; simplicity; harmlessness; weakness of intellect.

CHILDLESSNESS
Child"less*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being childless.

CHILDLIKE
Child"like, a.

Defn: Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful. "Childlike obedience." Hooker.

Note: Childlike, as applied to persons grown up, is commonly in a good sense; as, childlike grace or simplicity; childlike modesty.

CHILDLY
Child"ly, a.

Defn: Having tthe character of a child; belonging, or appropriate, to a child. Gower.

CHILDLY
Child"ly, adv.

Defn: Like a child. Mrs. Browning.

CHILDNESS
Child"ness, n.

Defn: The manner characteristic of a child. [Obs.] "Varying childness." Shak.

CHILDREN
Chil"dren, n.;

Defn: pl. of Child.

CHILDSHIP
Child"ship, n.

Defn: The state or relation of being a child.

CHILD STUDY
Child study.

Defn: A scientific study of children, undertaken for the purpose of discovering the laws of development of the body and the mind from birth to manhood.

CHILEAN
Chil"e*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chile.

CHILEAN
Chil"e*an, n.

Defn: A native or resident of Chile; Chilian.

CHILEAN PINE
Chilean pine. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Monkey-puzzle.

CHILI
Chil"i, n. Etym: [Sp. chili, chile.]

Defn: A kind of red pepper. See Capsicum [Written also chilli and chile.]

CHILIAD
Chil"i*ad, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A thousand; the aggregate of a thousand things; especially, a
period of a thousand years.
The world, then in the seventh chiliad, will be assumed up unto God.
Sir. T. More.

CHILIAGON
Chil"i*a*gon, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A plane figure of a thousand angles and sides. Barlow.

CHILIAHEDRON
Chil"i*a*hedron, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A figure bounded by a thousand plane surfaces [Spelt also chiliaëdron.]

CHILIAN
Chil"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Chili.
— n.

Defn: A native or citizen of Chili.

CHILIAN; CHILIARCH
Chil"i*an, Chil"i*arch`, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The commander or chief of a thousand men.

CHILIARCHY
Chil"i*arch`y, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A body consisting of a thousand men. Mitford.

CHILIASM
Chil"i*asm, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The millennium.

2. The doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth during the millennium.

CHILIAST
Chil"i*ast, n. Etym: [Gr. Chiliasm.]

Defn: One who believes in the second coming of Christ to reign on earth a thousand years; a milllenarian.

CHILIASTIC
Chili*astic, a.

Defn: Millenarian. "The obstruction offered by the chiliastic errors." J. A. Alexander.

CHILL Chill, n. Etym: [AS. cele, cyle, from the same root as celan, calan, to be cold; akin to D. kil cold, coldness, Sw. kyla to chill, and E. cool. See Cold, and cf. Cool.]

1. A moderate but disagreeable degree of cold; a disagreeable sensation of coolness, accompanied with shivering. "[A] wintry chill." W. Irving.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A sensation of cold with convulsive shaking of the body, pinched face, pale skin, and blue lips, caused by undue cooling of the body or by nervous excitement, or forming the precursor of some constitutional disturbance, as of a fever.

3. A check to enthusiasm or warmth of feeling; discouragement; as, a chill comes over an assemblly.

4. An iron mold or portion of a mold, serving to cool rapidly, and so to harden, the surface of molten iron brought in contact with it. Raymond.

5. The hardened part of a casting, as the tread of a car wheel. Knight. Chill and fever, fever and ague.

CHILL
Chill, a.

1. Moderately cold; tending to cause shivering; chilly; raw. Noisome winds, and blasting vapors chill. Milton.

2. Affected by cold. "My veins are chill." Shak.

3. Characterized by coolness of manner, feeling, etc.; lacking enthusiasm or warmth; formal; distant; as, a chill reception.

4. Discouraging; depressing; dispiriting.

CHILL
Chill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chilled (chìld); p. pr. & vb. n.
Chilling.]

1. To strike with a chill; to make chilly; to cause to shiver; to affect with cold. When winter chilled the day. Goldsmith.

2. To check enthusiasm or warmth of feeling of; to depress; to discourage. Every thought on God chills the gayety of his spirits. Rogers.

3. (Metal.)

Defn: To produce, by sudden cooling, a change of crystallization at or near the surface of, so as to increase the hardness; said of cast iron.

CHILL
Chill, v. i. (Metal.)

Defn: To become surface-hardened by sudden cooling while solidifying; as, some kinds of cast iron chill to a greater depth than others.

CHILLED
Chilled, a.

1. Hardened on the surface or edge by chilling; as, chilled iron; a chilled wheel.

2. (Paint.)

Defn: Having that cloudiness or dimness of surface that is called "blooming."

CHILLI
Chil"li, n.

Defn: See Chili.

CHILLINESS
Chill"i*ness, n.

1. A state or sensation of being chilly; a disagreeable sensation of coldness.

2. A moderate degree of coldness; disagreeable coldness or rawness; as, the chilliness of the air.

3. Formality; lack of warmth.

CHILLING
Chill"ing, a.

Defn: Making chilly or cold; depressing; discouraging; cold; distant; as, a chilling breeze; a chilling manner. — Chill"ing"ly, adv.

CHILLNESS
Chill"ness, n.

Defn: Coolness; coldness; a chill.
Death is the chillness that precedes the dawn. Longfellow.

CHILLY
Chill"y, a.

Defn: Moderately cold; cold and raw or damp so as to cause shivering; causing or feeling a disagreeable sensation of cold, or a shivering.

CHILOGNATH
Chi"log*nath, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod of the order Chilognatha.

CHILOGNATHA
Chi*log"na*tha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the two principal orders of myriapods. They have numerous segments, each bearing two pairs of small, slender legs, which are attached ventrallly, near together.

CHILOMA
Chi*lo"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The tumid upper lip of certain mammals, as of a camel.

CHILOPOD
Chi"lo*pod, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A myriapod of the order Chilopoda.

CHILOPODA
Chi*lop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of myriapods, including the centipeds. They have a single pair of elongated legs attached laterally to each segment; well developed jaws; and a pair of thoracic legs converted into poison fangs. They are insectivorous, very active, and some species grow to the length of a foot.

CHILOSTOMA; CHILOSTOMATA
Chi*los"to*ma, Chi*lo*stom"a*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive suborder of marine Bryozoa, mostly with calcareous shells. They have a movable lip and a lid to close the aperture of the cells. [Also written Chillostomata.]

CHILOSTOMATOUS
Chi`lo*stoma*tous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Chilostoma.

CHILTERN HUNDREDS
Chiltern Hundreds. Etym: [AS. Chiltern the Chiltern, high hills in
Buckinghamshire, perh. Fr. ceald cold + ern, ærn, place.]

Defn: A tract of crown land in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, England, to which is attached the nominal office of steward. As members of Parliament cannot resign, when they wish to go out they accept this stewardship, which legally vacates their seats.

CHIMAERA
Chi*mæ"ra, n. Etym: [NL. See Chimera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cartilaginous fish of several species, belonging to the order Holocephali. The teeth are few and large. The head is furnished with appendages, and the tail terminates in a point.

CHIMAEROID
Chi*mæ"roid, a. Etym: [Chimæra + old.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Related to, or like, the chimæra.

CHIMANGO
Chi*man"go Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American carrion buzzard (Milvago chimango). See
Caracara.

CHIMB
Chimb (chim), n. Etym: [AS. cim, in cimstan base of a pillar; akin to
D. kim, f. Sw. kim., G. kimme f.]

Defn: The edge of a cask, etc; a chine. See Chine, n., 3. [Written also hime.]

CHIMB
Chimb, v. i.

Defn: Chime. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIME
Chime, n. Etym: [See Chimb.]

Defn: See Chine, n., 3.

CHIME Chime, n. Etym: [OE. chimbe, prop., cymbal, OF. cymbe, cymble, in a dialectic form, chymble, F. cymbale, L. cymbalum, fr. Gr. Cymbal.]

1. The harmonious sound of bells, or of musical instruments. Instruments that made melodius chime. Milton.

2. A set of bells musically tuned to each other; specif., in the pl., the music performed on such a set of bells by hand, or produced by mechanism to accompany the striking of the hours or their divisions. We have heard the chimes at midnight. Shak.

3. Pleasing correspondence of proportion, relation, or sound. "Chimes of verse." Cowley.

CHIME
Chime, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chimed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chiming.] Etym:
[See Chime, n.]

1. To sound in harmonious accord, as bells.

2. To be in harmony; to agree; to sut; to harmonize; to correspond; to fall in with. Everything chimed in with such a humor. W. irving.

3. To join in a conversation; to express assent; — followed by in or in with. [Colloq.]

4. To make a rude correspondence of sounds; to jingle, as in rhyming. Cowley

CHIME
Chime, v. i.

1. To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony. And chime their sounding hammers. Dryden.

2. To utter harmoniously; to recite rhythmically. Chime his childish verse. Byron.

CHIMER
Chim"er, n.

Defn: One who chimes.

CHIMERA Chime"ra, n.; pl. Chimeras. Etym: [L. chimaera a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. qymbr a yearling ewe.]

1. (Myth.)

Defn: A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. "Dire chimeras and enchanted isles." Milton.

2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or creature of the imagination; as, the chimera of an author. Burke.

CHIMERE
Chi*mere", n. Etym: [OF. chamarre., F. simarre (cf. It. zimarra), fr.
Sp. chamarra, zamarra, a coat made of sheepskins, a sheepskin, perh.
from Ar. sammur the Scythian weasel or marten, the sable. Cf.
Simarre.]

Defn: The upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are usually attached. Hook.

CHIMERIC
Chi*mer"ic, a.

Defn: Chimerical.

CHIMERICAL
Chi*mer"ic*al, a.

Defn: Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought; as, chimerical projects.

Syn. — Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded; vain; deceitful; delusive.

CHIMERICALLY
Chi*mer"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: Wildy; vainly; fancifully.

CHIMINAGE
Chim"i*nage, n. Etym: [OF. cheminage, fr. chemin way, road.] (Old
Law)

Defn: A toll for passage through a forest. [Obs.] Cowell.

CHIMNEY Chim"ney, n.; pl. Chimneys. Etym: [F. cheminée, LL. caminata, fr. L. caminus furnace, fireplace, Gr.

1. A fireplace or hearth. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

2. That part of a building which contains the smoke flues; esp. an upright tube or flue of brick or stone, in most cases extending through or above the roof of the building. Often used instead of chimney shaft. Hard by a cottage chimney smokes. Milton.

3. A tube usually of glass, placed around a flame, as of a lamp, to create a draft, and promote combustion.

4. (Min.)

Defn: A body of ore, usually of elongated form, extending downward in a vein. Raymond. Chimney board, a board or screen used to close a fireplace; a fireboard. — Chimney cap, a device to improve the draught of a chimney, by presenting an exit aperture always to leeward. — Chimney corner, the space between the sides of the fireplace and the fire; hence, the fireside. — Chimney hook, a hook for holding pats and kettles over a fire, — Chimney money, hearth money, a duty formerly paid in England for each chimney. — Chimney pot (Arch.), a cylinder of earthenware or sheet metal placed at the top of a chimney which rises above the roof. — Chimney swallow. (Zoöl.) (a) An American swift (Chæture pelasgica) which lives in chimneys. (b) In England, the common swallow (Hirundo rustica). — Chimney sweep, Chimney sweeper, one who cleans chimneys of soot; esp. a boy who climbs the flue, and brushes off the soot.

CHIMNEY-BREAST
Chim"ney-breast`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The horizontal projection of a chimney from the wall in which it is built; — commonly applied to its projection in the inside of a building only.

CHIMNEY-PIECE
Chim"ney-piece`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A decorative construction around the opning of a fireplace.

CHIMPANZEE Chim*pan"zee, n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. chimpanzé, chimpansé, chimpanzée.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An african ape (Anthropithecus troglodytes or Troglodytes niger) which approaches more nearly to man, in most respects, than any other ape. When full grown, it is from three to four feet high.

CHIN
Chin, n. Etym: [AS. cin, akin to OS. kin, G kinn, Icel. kinn, cheek,
Dan. & Sw. kind, L. gena, Gr. hanu. *232.]

1. The lower extremity of the face below the mouth; the point of the under jaw.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The exterior or under surface embraced between the branches of the lower jaw bone, in birds.

CHINA
Chi"na, n.

1. A country in Eastern Asia.

2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for porcelain. See Porcelain. China aster (Bot.), a well-known garden flower and plant. See Aster. — China bean. See under Bean, 1. — China clay See Kaolin. — China grass, Same as Ramie. — China ink. See India ink. — China pink (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of Dianthus (D. Chiensis) having variously colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. — China root (Med.), the rootstock of a species of Smilax (S. China, from the East Indies; — formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from Alpinia Gallanga and Alpinia officinarum). — China rose. (Bot.) (a) A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the Rosa Indica, and perhaps other species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) of the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east Indies. — China shop, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or of crockery. — China ware, porcelain; — so called in the 17th century because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery made in Europa at that time; also, loosely, crockery in general. — Pride of China, China tree. (Bot.) See Azedarach.

CHINALDINE
Chin*al"dine, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinaldine.

CHINAMAN
Chi"na*man, n.; pl. Chinamen (.

Defn: A native of China; a Chinese.

CHINCAPIN
Chin"ca*pin, n.

Defn: See Chinquapin.

CHINCH
Chinch, n. Etym: [Cf. Sp. chinche, fr. L. cimex.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bedbug (Cimex lectularius).

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bug (Blissus leucopterus), which, in the United States, is very destructive to grass, wheat, and other grains; — also called chiniz, chinch bug, chink bug. It resembles the bedbug in its disgusting odor.

CHINCHA
Chin"cha, n. Etym: [Cf. Chinchilla.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A south American rodent of the genus Lagotis.

CHINCHE
Chinche, a. Etym: [F. chiche miserly.]

Defn: Parsimonious; niggardly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHINCHERIE
Chinch"er*ie, n.

Defn: Penuriousness. [Obs.]
By cause of his skarsete and chincherie. Caucer.

CHINCHILLA
Chin*chil"la, n. Etym: [Sp.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small rodent (Chinchilla lanigera), of the size of a large squirrel, remarkable for its fine fur, which is very soft and of a pearly gray color. It is a native of Peru and Chili.

2. The fur of the chinchilla.

3. A heavy, longnapped, tufted woolen cloth.

CHINCHONA; CHINCONA
Chin*cho"na, Chin*co"na.

Defn: See Cinchona.

CHIN COUGH
Chin" cough". Etym: [For chink cough; cf. As. cincung long laughter,
Scot. kink a violent fit of coughing, akin to MHG. kichen to pant.
Cf. Kinknaust, Cough.]

Defn: Whooping cough.

CHINE
Chine, n. Etym: [Cf. Chink.]

Defn: A chink or cleft; a narrow and deep ravine; as, Shanklin Chine in the Isle of Wight, a quarter of a mile long and 230 feet deep. [Prov. Eng.] "The cottage in a chine." J. Ingelow.

CHINE Chine, n.Etym: [OF. eschine, F. échine, fr. OHG. skina needle, prickle, shin, G. schiene splint, schienbein shin. For the meaning cf. L. spina thorn, prickle, or spine, the backbone. Cf. Shin.]

1. The backbone or spine of an animal; the back. "And chine with rising bristles roughly spread." Dryden.

2. A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking.

Note: [See Illust. of Beef.]

3. The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.

CHINE
Chine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chined.]

1. To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.

2. Too chamfer the ends of a stave and form the chine..

CHINED
Chined, a.

1. Pertaining to, or having, a chine, or backbone; — used in composition. Beau. & Fl.

2. Broken in the back. [Obs.] He's chined, goodman. Beau. & Fl.

CHINESE
Chi"nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to China; peculiar to China. Chinese paper.
See India paper, under India.
— Chinese wax, a snowy-wgite, waxlike substance brought from China.
It is the bleached secretion of certain insects of the family Coccidæ
especially Coccus Sinensis.

CHINESE
Chi*nese", n. sing. & pl.

1. A native or natives of China, or one of that yellow race with oblique eyelids who live principally in China.

2. sing.

Defn: The language of China, which is monosyllabic.

Note: Chineses was used as a plural by the contemporaries of
Shakespeare and Milton.

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT
Chinese Exclusion Act.

Defn: Any of several acts forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States, originally from 1882 to 1892 by act of May 6, 1882, then from 1892 to 1902 by act May 5, 1892. By act of April 29, 1902, all existing legislation on the subject was reënacted and continued, and made applicable to the insular possessions of the United States.

CHINK Chink, n. Etym: [OE. chine, AS. cine fissure, chink, fr. cinan to gape; akin to Goth. Keinan to sprout, G. keimen. Cf. Chit.]

Defn: A small cleft, rent, or fissure, of greater length than breadth; a gap or crack; as, the chinks of wall. Through one cloudless chink, in a black, stormy sky. Shines out the dewy morning star. Macaulay.

CHINK
Chink, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chinked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chinking.]

Defn: To crack; to open.

CHINK
Chink, v. t.

1. To cause to open in cracks or fissures.

2. To fill up the chinks of; as, to chink a wall.

CHINK
Chink, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin. Cf. Jingle.]

1. A short, sharp sound, as of metal struck with a slight degree of violence. "Chink of bell." Cowper.

2. Money; cash. [Cant] "To leave his chink to better hands." Somerville.

CHINK
Chink, v. t.

Defn: To cause to make a sharp metallic sound, as coins, small pieces of metal, etc., by bringing them into collision with each other. Pope.

CHINK
Chink, v. i.

Defn: To make a slight, sharp, metallic sound, as by the collision of little pieces of money, or other small sonorous bodies. Arbuthnot.

CHINKY
Chink"y, a.

Defn: Full of chinks or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts.
Dryden.

CHINNED
Chinned, a.

Defn: Having a chin; — used chiefly in compounds; as, short-chinned.

CHINOIDINE
Chi*noid"ine, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (cf. G. & F. china
Peruvian bark) + —oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinodine.

CHINOISERIE
Chi`noi`se*rie" (she`nwa`z'*re"), n. [F.]

Defn: Chinese conduct, art, decoration, or the like; also, a specimen of Chinese manners, art, decoration, etc.

CHINOLINE Chin"o*line, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoldine) + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Quinoline.

CHINONE
Chi"none, n. Etym: [NL. chinium quinine (see Chinoidine.) + -one.]
(Chem.)

Defn: See Quinone.

CHINOOK
Chi*nook", n.

1. (Ethnol.)

Defn: One of a tribe of North American Indians now living in the state of Washington, noted for the custom of flattening their skulls. Chinooks also called Flathead Indians.

2. A warm westerly wind from the country of the Chinooks, sometimes experienced on the slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Montana and the adjacent territory.

3. A jargon of words from various languages (the largest proportion of which is from that of the Chinooks) generally understood by all the Indian tribes of the northwestern territories of the United States.

CHINOOK STATE
Chi*nook" State.

Defn: Washington — a nickname. See Chinook, n.

CHINQUAPIN
Chin"qua*pin, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A branching, nut-bearing tree or shrub (Castanea pumila) of North America, from six to twenty feet high, allied to the chestnut. Also, its small, sweet, edible nat. [Written also chincapin and chinkapin.] Chinquapin oak, a small shrubby oak (Quercus prinoides) of the Atlantic States, with edible acorns. — Western Chinquapin, an evergreen shrub or tree (Castanopes chrysophylla) of the Pacific coast. In California it is a shrub; in Oregon a tree 30 to 125 feet high.

CHINSE
Chinse, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chinsed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chinsing.]
(Naut.)

Defn: To thrust oakum into (seams or chinks) with a chisel , the point of a knife, or a chinsing iron; to calk slightly. Chinsing iron, a light calking iron.

CHINTZ Chintz, n.; pl. Chintzes. Etym: [Hindi chint spotted cotton clooth, chinta spot.]

Defn: Cotton cloth, printed with flowers and other devices, in a number of different colors, and often glazed. Swift.

CHIOPPINE
Chiop*pine", n.

Defn: Same as Chopine, n.

CHIP
Chip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chipped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chipping.] Etym:
[Cf. G. kippen to cut off the edge, to clip, pare. Cf. Chop to cut.]

1. To cut small pieces from; to diminsh or reduce to shape, by cutting away a little at a time; to hew. Shak.

2. To break or crack, or crack off a portion of, as of an eggshell in hatching, or a piece of crockery.

3. To bet, as with chips in the game of poker. To chip in, to contribute, as to a fund; to share in the risks or expenses of. [Slang. U. S.]

CHIP
Chip, v. i.

Defn: To break or fly off in small pieces.

CHIP
Chip, n.

1. A piece of wood, stone, or other substance, separated by an ax, chisel, or cutting instrument.

2. A fragment or piece broken off; a small piece.

3. Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets.

4. Anything dried up, withered, or without flavor; — used contemptuously.

5. One of the counters used in poker and other games.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line. Buffalo
chips. See under Buffalo.
— Chip ax, a small ax for chipping timber into shape.
— Chip bonnet, Chip hat, a bonnet or a hat made of Chip. See Chip,
n., 3.
— A chip off the old block, a child who resembles either of his
parents. [Colloq.] Milton.- Potato chips, Saratoga chips, thin slices
of raw potato fried crisp.

CHIPMUNK
Chip"munk`, n. Etym: [Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A squirrel-like animal of the genus Tamias, sometimes called the striped squirrel, chipping squirrel, ground squirrel, hackee. The common species of the United States is the Tamias striatus. [Written also chipmonk, chipmuck, and chipmuk.]

CHIPPENDALE
Chip"pen*dale, a.

Defn: Designating furniture designed, or like that designed, by Thomas Chippendale, an English cabinetmaker of the 18th century. Chippendale furniture was generally of simple but graceful outline with delicately carved rococo ornamentation, sculptured either in the solid wood or, in the cheaper specimens, separately and glued on. In the more elaborate pieces three types are recognized: French Chippendale, having much detail, like Louis Quatorze and Louis Quinze; Chinese Chippendale, marked by latticework and pagodalike pediments; and Gothic Chippendale, attempting to adapt medieval details. The forms, as of the cabriole and chairbacks, often resemble Queen Anne. In chairs, the seat is widened at the front, and the back toward the top widened and bent backward, except in Chinese Chippendale, in which the backs are usually rectangular. — Chip"pen*dal*ism (#), n.

It must be clearly and unmistakably understood, then, that, whenever painted (that is to say, decorated with painted enrichment) or inlaid furniture is described as Chippendale, no matter where or by whom, it is a million chances to one that the description is incorrect. R. D. Benn.

CHIPPER
Chip"per, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Cheep, Chirp.]

Defn: To chirp or chirrup. [ Prov. Eng.] Forby.

CHIPPER
Chip"per, a.

Defn: Lively; cheerful; talkative. [U. S.]

CHIPPEWAYS
Chip"pe*ways, n. pl.; sing. Chippeway. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A tribe of Indians formerly inhabiting the northern and weastern shores of Lake Superior; — called also Objibways.

CHIPPING
Chip"ping, n.

1. A chip; a piece separated by a cutting or graving instrument; a fragment.

2. The act or process of cutting or breaking off small pieces, as in dressing iron with a chisel, or reducing a timber or block of stone to shape.

3. The breaking off in small pieces of the edges of potter's ware, porcelain, etc.

CHIPPING BIRD
Chip"ping bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chippy.

CHIPPING SQUIRREL
Chip"ping squir"rel.

Defn: See Chipmunk.

CHIPPY
Chip"py, a.

Defn: Abounding in, or resembling, chips; dry and tasteless.

CHIPPY
Chip"py, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small American sparrow (Spizella socialis), very common near dwelling; — also called chipping bird and chipping sparrow, from its simple note.

CHIPS
Chips, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A ship's carpenter. [Cant.]

CHIRAGRA
Chi*ra"gra, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Gout in the hand.

CHIRAGRICAL
Chi*rag"ric*al, a.

Defn: Having the gout in the hand, or subject to that disease. Sir.
T. Browne.

CHIRETTA
Chi*ret"ta, n. Etym: [Hind. chira\'c6ta.]

Defn: A plant (Agathotes Chirayta) found in Northern India, having medicinal properties to the gentian, and esteemed as a tonic and febrifuge.

CHIRK
Chirk, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Chirp, also Creak.]

1. To shriek; to gnash; to utter harsh or shrill cries. [Obs.] All full of chirkyng was that sorry place. Cheucer.

2. To chirp like a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIRK
Chirk, v. t.

Defn: To cheer; to enliven; as, to chirk one up. [Colloq. New Eng. ]

CHIRK
Chirk, a. Etym: [From Chirk, v. i.]

Defn: Lively; cheerful; in good spirits. [Colloq. New Eng.]

CHIRM
Chirm, v. i. Etym: [Cf. AS. cyrman, cirman, to cry out. *24 Cf.
Chirp.]

Defn: To chirp or to make a mournful cry, as a bird. [Obs.] Huloet.

CHIROGNOMY
Chi*rog"no*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of judging character by the shape and apperance of the hand.

CHIROGRAPH Chi"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old. Law) (a) A writing which, reguiring a counterpart, was engrossed twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space between, in which was written the word chirographum, through which the parchment was cut, and one part given to each party. It answered to what is now called a charter party. (b) The last part of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of the fine. Bouvier.

CHIROGRAPHER
Chi*rog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who practice the art or business of writing or engrossing.

2. See chirographist, 2. Chirographer of fines (Old Eng. Law), an officer in the court of common pleas, who engrossed fines.

CHIROGRAPHIC; CHIROGRAPHICAL
Chi`ro*graph"ic, Chi`ro*graph"ic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chirography.

CHIROGRAPHIST
Chi*rog"ra*phist, n.

1. A chirographer; a writer or engrosser.

2. One who tells fortunes by examining the hand.

CHIROGRAPHY
Chi*rog"ra*phy, n.

1. The art of writing or engrossing; handwriting; as, skilled in chirography.

2. The art of telling fortunes by examining the hand.

CHIROGYMNAST
Chi`ro*gym"nast, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A mechanocal contrivance for exercesing the fingers of a pianist.

CHIROLOGICAL
Chi`ro*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Relating to chirology.

CHIROLOGIST
Chi*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who communicates thoughts by signs made with the hands and fingers.

CHIROLOGY
Chi*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: The art or practice of using the manual alphabet or of communicating thoughts by sings made by the hands and fingers; a substitute for spoken or written language in intercourse with the deaf and dumb. See Dactylalogy.

CHIROMANCER
Chi"ro*man`cer, n.

Defn: One who practices chiromancy. Dryden.

CHIROMANCY
Chi"ro*mancy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy.]

Defn: The art or practice of foretelling events, or of telling the fortunes or the disposition of persons by inspecting the hand; palmistry.

CHIROMANIST; CHIROMANTIST
Chi"ro*man`ist, Chi"ro*man`tist n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A chiromancer.

CHIROMANTIC; CHIROMANTICAL
Chi`ro*man"tic, Chi`ro*man"tic*al a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chiromancy.

CHIROMONIC
Chi`ro*mon"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to chironomy.

CHIRONOMY
Chi*ron"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The art of moving the hands in oratory or in pantomime; gesture
[Obs.]

CHIROPLAST
Chi"ro*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument to guid the hands and fingers of pupils in playing on the piano, etc.

CHIROPODIST
Chi*rop"o*dist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who treats diseases of the hands and feet; especially, one who removes corns and bunions.

CHIROPODY
Chirop"ody, n.

Defn: The art of treating diseases of the hands and feet.

CHIROSOPHIST
Chiros"ophist, n. Etym: [Gr. Sophist.]

Defn: A fortune teller.

CHIRP
Chirp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chirped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chirping.] Etym:
[Of imitative orgin. Cf. Chirk, Chipper, Cheep, Chirm, Chirrup.]

Defn: To make a shop, sharp, cheerful, as of small birds or crickets.

CHIRP
Chirp, n.

Defn: A short, sharp note, as of a bird or insect. "The chirp of flitting bird." Bryant.

CHIRPER
Chirp"er, n.

Defn: One who chirps, or is cheerful.

CHIRPING
Chirp"ing, a.

Defn: Cheering; enlivening.
He takes his chirping pint, he cracks his jokes. Pope.

CHIRPINGLY
Chirp"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chirping manner.

CHIRRE Chirre, v. i. Etym: [Cf. G. girren, AS. corian to murmur, complain. *24.]

Defn: To coo, as a pigeon. [Obs.]

CHIRRUP
Chir"rup, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chirruped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chirruping.]
Etym: [See Chirp.]

Defn: To quicken or animate by chirping; to cherup.

CHIRRUP
Chir"rup, v. i.

Defn: To chirp. Tennyson.
The criket chirrups on the hearth. Goldsmith.

CHIRRUP
Chir"rup, n.

Defn: The act of chirping; a chirp.
The sparrows' chirrup on the roof. Tennyson.

CHIRRUPY
Chir"rupy, a.

Defn: Cheerful; joyous; chatty.

CHIRURGEON
Chi*rur"geon, n. Etym: [F. chirurgien, from chirurgie surgery, fr.
Gr. Surgeon, Work.]

Defn: A surgeon. [Obs.]

CHIRURGEONLY
Chi*rur"geon*ly, adv.

Defn: Surgically. [Obs.] Shak.

CHIRURGERY
Chi*rur"ger*y, n. Etym: [See Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgery.]

Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]

CHIRURGIC; CHIRURGICAL
Chi*rur"gic, Chirur"gical, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chirurgiquerurgical, L.
Chirurgicus, Gr. Chirurgeon, and cf. Surgical.]

Defn: Surgical [Obs.] "Chirurgical lore" Longfellow.

CHISEL Chis"el, n. Etym: [OF. chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL. cisellus, prob. for caesellus, fr. L. caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut. Cf. Scissors.]

Defn: A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal, etc.; — usually driven by a mallet or hammer. Cold chisel. See under Cold, a.

CHISEL
Chis"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chiseled, or Chiselled (p. pr. & vb. n.
Chiseling, or Chiselling.] Etym: [Cf. F. ciseler.]

1. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a block of marble into a statue.

2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat. [Slang]

CHISLEU
Chis"leu, n. Etym: [Heb.]

Defn: The ninth month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, answering to a part of November with a part of December.

CHISLEY
Chis"ley, a. Etym: [AS. ceosel gravel or sand. Cf. Chessom.]

Defn: Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; — said of a soil. Gardner.

CHIT Chit, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. ci shoot, sprig, from the same root as cinan to yawn. See Chink a cleft.]

1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes.

2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or animal. A little chit of a woman. Thackeray.

3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.]

4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. Knight.

CHIT
Chit, v. i.

Defn: To shoot out; to sprout. I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had been thrown forth. Mortimer.

CHIT
Chit, 3d sing. of Chide.

Defn: Chideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHITCHAT
Chit"chat, n. Etym: [From Chat, by way of reduplication.]

Defn: Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.

CHITIN
Chi"tin, n. Etym: [See Chiton.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates; entomolin.

CHITINIZATION
Chi`ti*ni*za"tion, n.

Defn: The process of becoming chitinous.

CHITINOUS
Chi"ti*nous, a.

Defn: Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.

CHITON
Chi"ton, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern shirt.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal plates. See Polyplacophora.

CHITTER
Chit"ter, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Chatter.]

1. To chirp in a tremulous manner, as a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To shiver or chatter with cold. [Scot.] Burns.

CHITTERLING
Chit"ter*ling, n.

Defn: The frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the small entrails. See Chitterlings. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

CHITTERLINGS Chit"ter*lings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. cwiÞ womb, Icel. kvith, Goth. qiÞus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln chitterlings.] (Cookery)

Defn: The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.

CHITTRA
Chit"tra, n. Etym: [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The axis deer of India.

CHITTY
Chit"ty, a.

1. Full of chits or sprouts.

2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]

CHIVACHIE Chiv"a*chie`, n. Etym: [OF. chevauchie, chevauchée; of the same origin as E. cavalcade.]

Defn: A cavalry raid; hence, a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHIVALRIC
Chiv"al*ric, a. Etym: [See Chivalry.]

Defn: Relating to chivalry; knightly; chivalrous.

CHIVALROUS
Chiv"al*rous, a. Etym: [OF. chevalerus, chevalereus, fr. chevalier.
See Chivalry.]

Defn: Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic; gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous. In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser.

CHIVALROUSLY
Chiv"al*rous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.

CHIVALRY Chiv"al*ry, n. Etym: [F. chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF., horseman. See Chevalier, and cf. Cavalry.]

1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry. "His Memphian chivalry." Milton. By his light Did all the chivalry of England move, To do brave acts. Shak.

2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry. Dryden.

3. The qualifications or character of knights, as valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc. The glory of our Troy this day doth lie On his fair worth and single chivalry. Shak.

4. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or military service to his lord.

5. Exploit. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Court of chivalry, a court formerly held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to deeds of arms and war. Blackstone.

CHIVARRAS; CHIVARROS
Chi*var"ras, Chi*var"ros, n. pl. [Mex. Sp.]

Defn: Leggings. [Mex. & Southwestern U. S.]

CHIVE
Chive, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]

CHIVE
Chive, n. Etym: [F. cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion. Cf. Cives,
Cibol.] (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial plant (Allium Schoenoprasum), allied to the onion.
The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]

CHIVY
Chiv"y, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chivied; p. pr. & vb. n. Chivying.] Etym:
[Cf. Chevy.]

Defn: To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

CHLAMYDATE
Chlam"y*date, a. Etym: [L. chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak.
See Chlamys.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a mantle; — applied to certain gastropods.

CHLAMYPHORE
Chlam"y*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and C. retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached along the spine.

CHLAMYS
Chla"mys, n.; pl. E. Chlamyses, L. Chlamydes. Etym: [L., from Gr.

Defn: A loose and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of cloak.

CHLOASMA
Chlo*as"ma, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A cutaneous affection characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.

CHLORAL
Chlo"ral, n. Etym: [Chlorine + alcohol.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate, a white crystalline substance, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken internally or hypodermically; — called also chloral.

CHLORALAMIDE
Chlo"ral*am`ide, n. Etym: [Chloral + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.

CHLORALISM
Chlo"ral*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use of chloral.

CHLORALUM
Chlor`al"um, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aluminium.]

Defn: An impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

CHLORANIL
Chlor`an"il, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.

CHLORATE
Chlo"rate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorate. See Chlorine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of chloric acid; as, chlorate of potassium.

CHLORAURATE
Chlor`au"rate, n. Etym: [Chlorine + aurate.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Aurochloride.

CHLORHYDRIC
Chlor`hy"dric, a. Etym: [Chlorine + hydrogen + -ic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydrochloric.

CHLORHYDRIN
Chlor`hy"drin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of compounds formed from certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.

CHLORIC
Chlo"ric, a. Etym: [From Chlorine.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; — said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, chloric acid, HClO3. Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under Dutch.

CHLORIDATE
Chlo"ri*date, v.t.

Defn: To treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver, for the purposes of photography. R. Hunt.

CHLORIDE
Chlo"ride, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical;
as, chloride of sodium (common salt). Chloride of ammonium, sal
ammoniac.
— Chloride of lime, bleaching powder; a grayish white substance,
CaOClcalcium hypochlorite. See Hypochlorous acid, under Hypochlorous.
— Mercuric chloride, corrosive sublimate.

CHLORIDIC
Chlo*rid"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.

CHLORIDIZE
Chlo"rid*ize, v. t.

Defn: See Chloridate.

CHLORIMETRY
Chlo*rim"e*try, n.

Defn: See Chlorometry.

CHLORINATE
Chlo"rin*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chlorinated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chlorinating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.

CHLORINATION
Chlo`ri*na"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine; especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.

CHLORINE
Chlo"rine, n. Etym: [Gr. Yellow.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt. It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4. Chlorine family, the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and classed together from their common peculiariries.

CHLORIODIC
Chlor`i*od"ic, a.

Defn: Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and iodine.

CHLORIODINE
Chlor`i"o*dine, n.

Defn: A compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]

CHLORITE
Chlo"rite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina, iron, and magnesia. Chlorite slate, a schistose or slaty rock consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.

CHLORITE
Chlo"rite, n. Etym: [Chlorous + -ite.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any salt of chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.

CHLORITIC
Chlo*rit"ic, a. Etym: [From 1st Chlorite.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite; as, chloritic sand.

CHLORMETHANE
Chlor`meth"ane, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; — called also methyl chloride.

CHLORO-
Chlo"ro-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the substance named.

CHLOROCRUORIN
Chlo`ro*cru"o*rin, n. Etym: [Gr. cruorin.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the green color of the blood in some species of worms. Ray Lankester.

CHLORODYNE
Chlo"ro*dyne, n. Etym: [From chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.]
(Med.)

Defn: A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.

CHLOROFORM
Chlo"ro*form, n. Etym: [Chlorine + formyl, it having been regarded as
a trichloride of this radical: cf. F. chloroforme, G. chloroform.]
(Chem.)

Defn: A colorless volatile liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively used to produce anæsthesia in surgical operations; also externally, to alleviate pain.

CHLOROFORM
Chlo"ro*form, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chloroformed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chloroforming.]

Defn: To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.

CHLOROLEUCITE
Chlo`ro*leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. leucite.] (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Chloroplastid.

CHLOROMETER Chlo*rom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chloromètre. See Chlorine, and - meter.]

Defn: An instrument to test the decoloring or bleaching power of chloride of lime.

CHLOROMETRY
Chlo*rom"e*try, n.

Defn: The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of chlorine.

CHLOROPAL
Chlo*ro"pal, n. Etym: [Gr. opal.] (Min.)

Defn: A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.

CHLOROPEPTIC
Chlo`ro*pep"tic, a. Etym: [Chlorine + peptic.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called pepsin- hydrochloric acid.

CHLOROPHANE
Chlo"ro*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. chlorophane.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The yellowish green pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See Chromophane.

CHLOROPHYLL
Chlo"ro*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. chlorophylle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Literally, leaf green; a green granular matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the tissues of the lower animals. [Written also chlorophyl.]

CHLOROPLAST
Chlo"ro*plast, n. [Pref. chloro-+ Gr. to mold, form.] (Biol.)

Defn: A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules, usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain low forms.

CHLOROPLASTID
Chlo`ro*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Gr. plastid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A granule of chlorophyll; — also called chloroleucite.

CHLOROPLATINIC
Chlo`ro*pla*tin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Platinichloric.

CHLOROSIS
Chlo*ro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. chlorose.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: The green sickness; an anæmic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease in plants, causing the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal green color.

CHLOROTIC
Chlo*rot"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorotique.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or affected by, chlorosis.

CHLOROUS
Chlo"rous, a. Etym: [See Chlorine.]

1. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; — said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid, HClO2.

2. (Chem. Physics)

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electro-negative; — opposed to basylous or zincous. [Obs.]

CHLORPICRIN
Chlor`pi"crin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A heavy, colorless liquid, CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine. [Written also chloropikrin.]

CHLORURET
Chlo"ru*ret, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chlorure.] (Chem.)

Defn: A chloride. [Obs.]

CHOAK
Choak, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Choke.

CHOANOID
Cho"a*noid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Funnel-shaped; — applied particularly to a hollow muscle attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and mammals.

CHOCARD
Cho"card, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The chough.

CHOCK
Chock, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chocking.]

Defn: To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to chock a wheel or cask.

CHOCK
Chock, v. i.

Defn: To fill up, as a cavity. "The woodwork . . . exactly chocketh into joints." Fuller.

CHOCK
Chock, n.

1. A wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A heavy casting of metal, usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for towing, mooring, etc.

CHOCK
Chock, adv. (Naut.)

Defn: Entirely; quite; as, chock home; chock aft.

CHOCK
Chock, v. t. Etym: [F. choquer. Cf. Shock, v. t.]

Defn: To encounter. [Obs.]

CHOCK
Chock, n.

Defn: An encounter. [Obs.]

CHOCKABLOCK
Chock"a*block, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit; brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in hoisting.

CHOCK-FULL
Chock"-full`, a.

Defn: Quite full; choke-full.

CHOCOLATE
Choc"o*late, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf.
Cacao, Cocoa.]

1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla.

2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or cake in boiling water or milk. Chocolate house, a house in which customers may be served with chocolate. — Chocolate nut. See Cacao.

CHOCTAWS
Choc"taws, n. pl.

Defn: ; sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.

CHODE
Chode,

Defn: the old imp. of chide. See Chide.

CHOGSET
Chog"set, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cunner.

CHOICE Choice, n. Etym: [OE. chois, OF. chois, F. choix, fr. choisir to choose; of German origin; cf. Goth. kausjan to examine, kiusan to choose, examine, G. kiesen. *46. Cf. Choose.]

1. Act of choosing; the voluntary act of selecting or separating from two or more things that which is preferred; the determination of the mind in preferring one thing to another; election.

2. The power or opportunity of choosing; option. Choice there is not, unless the thing which we take be so in our power that we might have refused it. Hooker.

3. Care in selecting; judgment or skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giving a preference; discrimination. I imagine they [the apothegms of Cæsar] were collected with judgment and choice. Bacon.

4. A sufficient number to choose among. Shak.

5. The thing or person chosen; that which is approved and selected in preference to others; selection. The common wealth is sick of their own choice. Shak.

6. The best part; that which is preferable. The flower and choice Of many provinces from bound to bound. Milton. To make a choice of, to choose; to select; to separate and take in preference.

Syn. - See Volition, Option.

CHOICE
Choice, a. [Compar. Choicer; superl. Choicest.]

1. Worthly of being chosen or preferred; select; superior; precious; valuable. My choicest hours of life are lost. Swift.

2. Preserving or using with care, as valuable; frugal; — used with of; as, to be choice of time, or of money.

3. Selected with care, and due attention to preference; deliberately chosen. Choice word measured phrase. Wordsworth.

Syn. - Select; precious; exquisite; uncommon; rare; chary; careful/

CHOICEFUL
Choice"ful, a.

Defn: Making choices; fickle. [Obs.]
His choiceful sense with every change doth fit. Spenser.

CHOICELY
Choice"ly, adv.

1. With care in choosing; with nice regard to preference. "A band of men collected choicely, from each county some." Shak.

2. In a preferable or excellent manner; excellently; eminently. "Choicely good." Walton.

CHOICENESS
Choice"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being of particular value or worth; nicely; excellence.

CHOIR
Choir, n. Etym: [OE. quer, OF. cuer, F. choeur, fr. L. chorus a
choral dance, chorus, choir, fr. Gr. hortus garden, and E. yard. See
Chorus.]

1. A band or organized company of singers, especially in church service. [Formerly written also quire.]

2. That part of a church appropriated to the singers.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The chancel. Choir organ (Mus.), one of the three or five distinct organs included in the full organ, each separable from the rest, but all controlled by one performer; a portion of the full organ, complete in itself, and more practicable for ordinary service and in the accompanying of the vocal choir. — Choir screen, Choir wall (Arch.), a screen or low wall separating the choir from the aisles. — Choir service, the service of singing performed by the choir. T. Warton.

CHOKE
Choke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choked; p. pr. & vb. n. Choking.] Etym:
[OE. cheken, choken; cf. AS. aceocian to suffocate, Icel. koka to
gulp, E. chincough, cough.]

1. To render unable to breathe by filling, pressing upon, or squeezing the windpipe; to stifle; to suffocate; to strangle. With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder. Shak.

2. To obstruct by filling up or clogging any passage; to block up. Addison.

3. To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to stifle. Oats and darnel choke the rising corn. Dryden.

4. To affect with a sense of strangulation by passion or strong feeling. "I was choked at this word." Swift.

5. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the barrel of a shotgun. To choke off, to stop a person in the execution of a purpose; as, to choke off a speaker by uproar.

CHOKE
Choke, v. i.

1. To have the windpipe stopped; to have a spasm of the throat, caused by stoppage or irritation of the windpipe; to be strangled.

2. To be checked, as if by choking; to stick. The words choked in his throat. Sir W. Scott.

CHOKE
Choke, n.

1. A stoppage or irritation of the windpipe, producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. (Gun.) (a) The tied end of a cartridge. (b) A constriction in the bore of a shotgun, case of a rocket, etc.

CHOKEBERRY
Choke"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The small apple-shaped or pear-shaped fruit of an American shrub (Pyrus arbutifolia) growing in damp thickets; also, the shrub.

CHOKEBORE
Choke"bore`, n.

1. In a shotgun, a bore which is tapered to a slightly smaller diameter at a short distance (usually 2½ to 3 inches) to the rear of the muzzle, in order to prevent the rapid dispersion of the shot.

2. A shotgun that is made with such a bore.

CHOKEBORE
Choke"bore`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chokebored; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chokeboring.]

Defn: To provide with a chokebore.

CHOKECHERRY
Choke"cher`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The astringent fruit of a species of wild cherry (Prunus
Virginiana); also, the bush or tree which bears such fruit.

CHOKE DAMP
Choke" damp`.

Defn: See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic.

CHOKEDAR
Cho`ke*dar", n. Etym: [Hindi chauki-dar.]

Defn: A watchman; an officer of customs or police. [India]

CHOKE-FULL
Choke"-full`, a.

Defn: Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.

CHOKE PEAR
Choke" pear`.

1. A kind of pear that has a rough, astringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty, or which contracts the mucous membrane of the mouth.

2. A sarcasm by which one is put to silence; anything that can not be answered. [Low] S. Richardson.

CHOKER
Chok"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, chokes.

2. A stiff wide cravat; a stock. [Slang]

CHOKE-STRAP
Choke"-strap`, n. (Saddlery)

Defn: A strap leading from the bellyband to the lower part of the collar, to keep the collar in place.

CHOKING
Chok"ing, a.

1. That chokes; producing the feeling of strangulation.

2. Indistinct in utterance, as the voice of a person affected with strong emotion.

CHOKING COIL
Choking coil. (Elec.)

Defn: A coil of small resistance and large inductance, used in an alternating-current circuit to impede or throttle the current, or to change its phase; —called also reactance coil or reactor, these terms being now preferred in engineering usage.

CHOKY; CHOKEY
Chok"y Chok"ey, a.

1. Tending to choke or suffocate, or having power to suffocate.

2. Inclined to choke, as a person affected with strong emotion. "A deep and choky voice." Aytoun. The allusion to his mother made Tom feel rather chokey. T. Hughes.

CHOLAEMAA
Cho*læ"ma*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A disease characterized by severe nervous symptoms, dependent upon the presence of the constituents of the bile in the blood.

CHOLAGOGUE
Chol"a*gogue, a. Etym: [Gr. cholagogue.] (Med.)

Defn: Promoting the discharge of bile from the system.
— n.

Defn: An agent which promotes the discharge of bile from the system.

CHOLATE
Cho"late, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of cholic acid; as, sodium cholate.

CHOLECYSTIS
Chol`e*cys"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The gall bladder.

CHOLECYSTOTOMY
Chol`e*cys*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Cholecystis + Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: The operation of making an opening in the gall bladder, as for the removal of a gallstone.

CHOLEDOLOGY
Chol`e*dol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. Cf. F. cholédologie.] (Med.)

Defn: A treatise on the bile and bilary organs. Dunglison.

Note: Littré says that the word cholédologie is absolutely barbarous, there being no Greek word cholology.

CHOLEIC
Cho*le"ic, a. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, bile; as, choleic acid.

CHOLER Chol"er, n. Etym: [OE. coler, F. colère anger, L. cholera a bilious complaint, fr. Gr. Gall, and cf. Cholera.]

1. The bile; — formerly supposed to be the seat and cause of irascibility. [Obs.] His [Richard Hooker's] complexion . . . was sanguine, with a mixture of choler; and yet his motion was slow. I. Warton.

2. Irritation of the passions; anger; wrath. He is rash and very sudden in choler. Shak.

CHOLERA
Chol"er*a, n. Etym: [L., a bilious disease. See Choler.] (Med.)

Defn: One of several diseases affecting the digestive and intestinal tract and more or less dangerous to life, esp. the one commonly called Asiatic cholera. Asiatic cholera, a malignant and rapidly fatal disease, originating in Asia and frequently epidemic in the more filthy sections of other lands, to which the germ or specific poison may have been carried. It is characterized by diarrhea, rice- water evacuations, vomiting, cramps, pinched expression, and lividity, rapidly passing into a state of collapse, followed by death, or by a stage of reaction of fever. — Cholera bacillus. See Comma bacillus. — Cholera infantum, a dangerous summer disease, of infants, caused by hot weather, bad air, or poor milk, and especially fatal in large cities. — Cholera morbus, a disease characterized by vomiting and purging, with gripings and cramps, usually caused by imprudence in diet or by gastrointestinal disturbance. — Chicken cholera. See under Chicken. — Hog cholera. See under Hog. — Sporadic cholera, a disease somewhat resembling the Asiatic cholera, but originating where it occurs, and rarely becoming epidemic.

CHOLERAIC
Chol`er*a"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or resulting from, or resembling, cholera.

CHOLERIC
Chol"er*ic, a. Etym: [L. cholericus, Gr. cholérique.]

1. Abounding with, or producing choler, or bile. Dryden.

2. Easily irritated; irascible; inclined to anger.

3. Angry; indicating anger; excited by anger. "Choleric speech." Sir W. Raleigh. Choleric temperament, the bilious temperament.

CHOLERICLY
Chol"er*ic*ly, adv.

Defn: In a choleric manner; angrily.

CHOLERIFORM
Chol"er*i*form`, a. Etym: [Cholera + -form.]

Defn: Resembling cholera.

CHOLERINE Chol"er*ine, n. (Med.) (a) The precursory symptoms of cholera. (b) The first stage of epidemic cholera. (c) A mild form of cholera.

CHOLEROID
Chol"er*oid, a. Etym: [Cholera + -oid.]

Defn: Choleriform.

CHOLESTERIC
Cho`les*ter"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cholestérique.]

Defn: Pertaining to cholesterin, or obtained from it; as, cholesteric acid. Ure.

CHOLESTERIN
Cho*les"ter*in, n. Etym: [Gr. cholestérine. See Stearin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white, fatty, crystalline substance, tasteless and odorless, found in animal and plant products and tissue, and especially in nerve tissue, in the bile, and in gallstones.

CHOLIAMB; CHOLIAMBIC
Cho"li*amb, Cho`li*am"bic, n. Etym: [L. choliambus, Gr. (Pros.)

Defn: A verse having an iambus in the fifth place, and a spondee in the sixth or last.

CHOLIC; CHOLINIC
Chol"ic, Cho*lin"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the bile. Cholic acid (Chem.), a complex organic acid found as a natural constituent of taurocholic and glycocholic acids in the bile, and extracted as a resinous substance, convertible under the influence of ether into white crystals.

CHOLINE
Cho"line, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Neurine.

CHOLOCHROME
Chol"o*chrome, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Bilirubin.

CHOLOPHAEIN
Chol`o*phæ"in, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: See Bilirubin.

CHOLTRY
Chol"try, n.

Defn: A Hindoo caravansary.

CHOMAGE
Cho`mage", n. [F. chomage.]

1.

Defn: Stoppage; cessation (of labor).

2. A standing still or idle (of mills, factories, etc.).

CHOMP
Chomp, v. i.

Defn: To chew loudly and greedily; to champ. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.] Halliwell.

CHONDRIFICATION
Chon`dri*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: Formation of, or conversion into, cartilage.

CHONDRIFY
Chon"dri*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Gr. -fy.]

Defn: To convert, or be converted, into cartilage.

CHONDRIGEN
Chon"dri*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of cartilage, converted by long boiling in water into a gelatinous body called chondrin.

CHONDRIGENOUS
Chon*drig"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Affording chondrin.

CHONDRIN
Chon"drin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, amorphous, nitrogenous substance, tasteless and odorless, formed from cartilaginous tissue by long-continued action of boiling water. It is similar to gelatin, and is a large ingredient of commercial gelatin.

CHONDRITE
Chon"drite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A meteoric stone characterized by the presence of chondrules.

CHONDRITIC
Chon*drit"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Granular; pertaining to, or having the granular structure characteristic of, the class of meteorites called chondrites.

CHONDRITIS
Chon*dri"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of cartilage.

CHONDRO-
Chon"dro-. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A combining form meaning a grain, granular, granular cartilage, cartilaginous; as, the chondrocranium, the cartilaginous skull of the lower vertebrates and of embryos.

CHONDRODITE
Chon"dro*dite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A fluosilicate of magnesia and iron, yellow to red in color, often occurring in granular form in a crystalline limestone.

CHONDROGANOIDEA
Chon`dro*ga*noi"de*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. ganoidei. See Ganoid.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons; — so called on account of their cartilaginous skeleton.

CHONDROGEN
Chon"dro*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Same as Chondrigen.

CHONDROGENESIS
Chon`dro*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. genesis.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The development of cartilage.

CHONDROID
Chon"droid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.]

Defn: Resembling cartilage.

CHONDROLOGY
Chon*drol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. chondrologie.] (Anat.)

Defn: The science which treats of cartilages. Dunglison.

CHONDROMA
Chon*dro"ma, n.; pl. Chondromata. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.]

Defn: A cartilaginous tumor or growth.

CHONDROMETER
Chon*drom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.]

Defn: A steelyard for weighting grain.

CHONDROPTERYGIAN
Chon*drop`ter*yg"i*an, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chondropterygien.]

Defn: Having a cartilaginous skeleton.
— n.

Defn: One of the Chondropterygii.

CHONDROPTERYGII
Chon*drop`te*ryg"i*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of fishes, characterized by cartilaginous fins and skeleton. It includes both ganoids (sturgeons, etc.) and selachians (sharks), but is now often restricted to the latter. [Written also Chondropterygia.]

CHONDROSTEI
Chon*dros"te*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of fishes, including the sturgeons; — so named because the skeleton is cartilaginous.

CHONDROTOMY
Chon*drot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The dissection of cartilages.

CHONDRULE
Chon"drule, n. Etym: [Dim. from Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A peculiar rounded granule of some mineral, usually enstatite or chrysolite, found imdedded more or less aboundantly in the mass of many meteoric stones, which are hence called chondrites.

CHOOSE Choose, v. t. [imp. Chose; p. p. Chosen, Chose (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Choosing.] Etym: [OE. chesen, cheosen, AS. ceósan; akin to OS. kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel. kjosa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to taste, Gr. jush to enjoy. *46. Cf. Choice, 2d Gust.]

1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of two evils. Choose me for a humble friend. Pope.

2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.]
The landlady now returned to know if we did not choose a more genteel
apartment. Goldsmith.
To choose sides. See under Side.

Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow. — To Choose, Prefer, Elect. To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private life to a public one; to elect members of Congress.

CHOOSE
Choose, v. i.

1. To make a selection; to decide. They had only to choose between implicit obedience and open rebellion. Prescott.

2. To do otherwise. "Can I choose but smile" Pope. Can not choose but, must necessarily. Thou canst not choose but know who I am. Shak.

CHOOSER
Choos"er, n.

Defn: One who chooses; one who has the power or right of choosing; an elector. Burke.

CHOP
Chop, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Chopping.] Etym:
[Cf. LG. & D. kappen, Dan. kappe, Sw. kappa. Cf. Chap to crack.]

1. To cut by striking repeatedly with a sharp instrument; to cut into pieces; to mince; — often with up.

2. To sever or separate by one more blows of a sharp instrument; to divide; — usually with off or down. Chop off your hand, and it to the king. Shak.

3. To seize or devour greedily; — with up. [Obs.] Upon the opening of his mouth he drops his breakfast, which the fox presently chopped up. L'estrange.

CHOP
Chop, v. i.

1. To make a quick strike, or repeated strokes, with an ax or other sharp instrument.

2. To do something suddenly with an unexpected motion; to catch or attempt to seize. Out of greediness to get both, he chops at the shadow, and loses the substance. L'Estrange.

3. To interrupt; — with in or out. This fellow interrupted the sermon, even suddenly chopping in. Latimer.

CHOP
Chop, v. t. Etym: [Cf. D. koopen to buy. See Cheapen, v. t., and cf.
Chap, v. i., to buy.]

1. To barter or truck.

2. To exchange; substitute one thing for another. We go on chopping and changing our friends. L'Estrange. To chop logic, to dispute with an affected use of logical terms; to argue sophistically.

CHOP
Chop, v. i.

1. To purchase by way of truck.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To vary or shift suddenly; as, the wind chops about.

3. To wrangle; to altercate; to bandy words. Let not the counsel at the bar chop with the judge. Bacon.

CHOP
Chop, n.

Defn: A change; a vicissitude. Marryat.

CHOP
Chop, v. t. & i.

Defn: To crack. See Chap, v. t. & i.

CHOP
Chop, n.

1. The act of chopping; a stroke.

2. A piece chopped off; a slice or small piece, especially of meat; as, a mutton chop.

3. A crack or cleft. See Chap.

CHOP
Chop, n. Etym: [See Chap.]

1. A jaw of an animal; — commonly in the pl. See Chops.

2. A movable jaw or cheek, as of a wooden vise.

3. The land at each side of the mouth of a river, harbor, or channel; as, East Chop or West Chop. See Chops.

CHOP
Chop, n. Etym: [Chin. & Hind. chap stamp, brand.]

1. Quality; brand; as, silk of the first chop.

2. A permit or clearance. Chop dollar, a silver dollar stamped to
attest its purity.
— chop of tea, a number of boxes of the same make and quality of
leaf.
— Chowchow chop. See under Chowchow.
— Grand chop, a ship's port clearance. S. W. Williams.

CHOPBOAT
Chop"boat`, n. Etym: [Chin. chop sort, quality.]

Defn: A licensed lighter employed in the transportation of goods to and from vessels. [China] S. W. Williams.

CHOPCHURCH
Chop"church`, n. Etym: [See Chop to barter.] (Old Eng. Law)

Defn: An exchanger or an exchange of benefices. [Cant]

CHOPFALLEN
Chop`fall`en, a.

Defn: Having the lower chop or jaw depressed; hence, crestfallen; dejected; dispirited;downcast. See Chapfallen.

CHOPHOUSE
Chop"house`, n.

Defn: A house where chops, etc., are sold; an eating house.
The freedom of a chophouse. W. Irving.

CHOPHOUSE
Chop"house`, n. Etym: [See Chop quality.]

Defn: A customhouse where transit duties are levied. [China] S. W.
Williams.

CHOPIN
Chop"in, n. Etym: [F. chopine, fr. G. schoppen.]

Defn: A liquid measure formerly used in France and Great Britain, varying from half a pint to a wine quart.

CHOPIN
Chop"in, n.

Defn: See Chopine.

CHOPINE Cho*pine", n. Etym: [Cf. OF. chapin, escapin, Sp. chapin, Pg. chapim.]

Defn: A clog, or patten, having a very thick sole, or in some cases raised upon a stilt to a height of a foot or more. [Variously spelt chioppine, chopin, etc.] Your ladyship is nearer to heaven than when I saw you last, by the altitude of a chopine. Shak.

CHOP-LOGIC
Chop"-log`ic, n.

Defn: One who bandies words or is very argunentative. [Jocular] Shak.

CHOPNESS
Chop"ness, n.

Defn: A kind of spade. [Eng.]

CHOPPER
Chop"per, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, chops.

CHOPPING
Chop"ping, a. Etym: [Cf. Chubby.]

Defn: Stout or plump; large. [Obs.] Fenton.

CHOPPING
Chop"ping, a. Etym: [See Chop to barter.]

Defn: Shifting or changing suddenly, as the wind; also, having tumbling waves dashing against each other; as, a chopping sea.

CHOPPING
Chop"ping, n.

Defn: Act of cutting by strokes. Chopping block, a solid block of wood on which butchers and others chop meat, etc. — Chopping knife, a knife for chopping or mincing meat, vegetables, etc.; — usually with a handle at the back of the blade instead of at the end.

CHOPPY
Chop"py, a. Etym: [Cf. Chappy.]

1. Full of cracks. "Choppy finger." Shak.

2. Etym: [Cf. Chop a change.]

Defn: Rough, with short, tumultuous waves; as, a choppy sea.

CHOPS
Chops, n. pl. Etym: [See Chop a jaw.]

1. The jaws; also, the fleshy parts about the mouth.

2. The sides or capes at the mouth of a river, channel, harbor, or bay; as, the chops of the English Channel.

CHOPSTICK
Chop"stick", n.

Defn: One of two small sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the
Chinese and Japanese to convey food to the mouth.

CHOP SUEY; CHOP SOOY Chop su"ey or Chop soo"y . [Chin. (Cantonese) shap sui odds and ends, fr. shap for sap to enter the mouth + sui small bits pounded fine.]

Defn: A mélange served in Chinese restaurants to be eaten with rice, noodles, etc. It consists typically of bean sprouts, onions, mushrooms, etc., and sliced meats, fried and flavored with sesame oil. [U. S.]

CHORAGIC
Cho*rag"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a choragus. Choragic monument, a building or column built by a victorious choragus for the reception and exhibition of the tripod which he received as a prize. Those of Lysicrates and Thrasyllus are still to be seen at Athens.

CHORAGUS
Cho*ra"gus, n.; pl. Choragi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A chorus leader; esp. one who provided at his own expense and under his own supervision one of the choruses for the musical contents at Athens.

CHORAL
Cho"ral, a. Etym: [LL. choralis, fr. L. chorus. See Chorus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony. Choral service, a service of song.

CHORAL
Cho"ral, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A hymn tune; a simple sacred tune, sung in unison by the congregation; as, the Lutheran chorals. [Sometimes written chorale.]

CHORALIST
Cho"ral*ist, n.

Defn: A singer or composer of chorals.

CHORALLY
Cho"ral*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of a chorus; adapted to be sung by a choir; in harmony.

CHORD
Chord, n. Etym: [L chorda a gut, a string made of a gut, Gr. cord.
See Cord.]

1. The string of a musical instrument. Milton.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A combination of tones simultaneously performed, producing more or less perfect harmony, as, the common chord.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A right line uniting the extremities of the arc of a circle or curve.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A cord. See Cord, n., 4.

5. (Engin.)

Defn: The upper or lower part of a truss, usually horizontal, resisting compression or tension. Waddell. Accidental, Common, and Vocal chords. See under Accidental, Common, and Vocal. — Chord of an arch. See Illust. of Arch. — Chord of curvature, a chord drawn from any point of a curve, in the circle of curvature for that point. — Scale of chords. See Scale.

CHORD
Chord, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chorded; p. pr. & vb. n. Chording.]

Defn: To provide with musical chords or strings; to string; to tune.
When Jubal struck the chorded shell. Dryden.
Even the solitary old pine tree chords his harp. Beecher.

CHORD
Chord, v. i. (Mus.)

Defn: To accord; to harmonize together; as, this note chords with that.

CHORDA
Chor"da, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda. See Chord.] (Anat.)

Defn: A cord. Chorda dorsalis (. Etym: [NL., lit., cord of the back.]
(Anat.) See Notochord.

CHORDAL
Chor"dal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chord.

CHORDATA
Chor*da"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. chorda cord.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive division of animals including all Vertebrata together with the Tunicata, or all those having a dorsal nervous cord.

CHORDEE
Chor*dee", n. Etym: [F. cordé, cordée, p. p. of corder to cord.]
(Med.)

Defn: A painful erection of the penis, usually with downward curvature, occurring in gonorrhea.

CHORE
Chore, n. Etym: [The same word as char work done by the day.]

Defn: A small job; in the pl., the regular or daily light work of a household or farm, either within or without doors. [U. S.]

CHORE
Chore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chored; p. pr. & vb. n. Choring.]

Defn: To do chores. [U. S.]

CHORE
Chore, n.

Defn: A choir or chorus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CHOREA
Cho*re"a. n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: St. Vitus's dance; a disease attended with convulsive twitchings and other involuntary movements of the muscles or limbs.

CHOREE
Cho*ree", n. Etym: [F. chorée.]

Defn: See Choreus.

CHOREGRAPHIC; CHOREGRAPHICAL
Cho`re*graph"ic, Cho`re*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to choregraphy.

CHOREGRAPHY
Cho*reg"ra*phy, n. Etym: [GR. -graphy.]

Defn: The art of representing dancing by signs, as music is represented by notes. Craig.

CHOREIC
Cho*re"ic, a.

Defn: Of the nature of, or pertaining to, chorea; convulsive.

CHOREPISCOPAL
Cho`re*pis"co*pal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a chorepiscopus or his change or authority.

CHOREPISCOPUS
Cho`re*pis"co*pus, n.; pl. Chorepiscopi. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Bishop.]
(Eccl.)

Defn: A "country" or suffragan bishop, appointed in the ancient church by a diocesan bishop to exercise episcopal jurisdiction in a rural district.

CHOREUS; CHOREE Cho*re"us, Cho*ree" (, n. Etym: [L. choreus, Gr. chorée.] (Anc. Pros.) (a) a trochee. (b) A tribrach.

CHORIAMB
Cho"ri*amb, n.; pl. Choriambs (.

Defn: Same as Choriambus.

CHORIAMBIC
Cho`ri*am"bic, a. Etym: [L. choriambicus, gr.

Defn: Pertaining to a choriamb.
— n.

Defn: A choriamb.

CHORIAMBUS Cho`ri*am"bus, n.; pl. L. Choriambi, E. Choriambuses. Etym: [L. choriambus, Gr. (Anc. Pros.)

Defn: A foot consisting of four syllables, of which the first and last are long, and the other short (- ~ ~ -); that is, a choreus, or trochee, and an iambus united.

CHORIC
Cho"ric, a. Etym: [L. choricus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chorus.
I remember a choric ode in the Hecuba. Coleridge.

CHORION
Cho"ri*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.) (a) The outer membrane which invests the fetus in the womb; also, the similar membrane investing many ova at certain stages of development. (b) The true skin, or cutis.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The outer membrane of seeds of plants.

CHORISIS
Cho"ri*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The separation of a leaf or floral organ into two more parts.

Note: In collateral chorisis the parts are side by side.
— In parallel or median chorisis they are one in front of another.

CHORIST
Cho"rist, n. Etym: [F. choriste.]

Defn: A singer in a choir; a chorister. [R.]

CHORISTER
Chor"is*ter, n. Etym: [See Chorus.]

1. One of a choir; a singer in a chorus. Dryden.

2. One who leads a choir in church music. [U. S.]

CHORISTIC
Cho*ris"tic, a.

Defn: Choric; choral. [R.]

CHOROGRAPH
Cho"ro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An instrument for constructing triangles in marine surveying, etc.

CHOROGRAPHER
Cho*rog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who describes or makes a map of a district or region. "The chorographers of Italy." Sir T. Browne.

2. A geographical antiquary; one who investigates the locality of ancient places.

CHOROGRAPHICAL
Cho`ro*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to chorography.
— Cho`ro*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHOROGRAPHY
Cho*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [L. chorographia, Gr.

Defn: the mapping or description of a region or district.
The chorography of their provinces. Sir T. Browne.

CHOROID
Cho"roid, a. Etym: [gr. (Anat.)

Defn: resembling the chorion; as, the choroid plexuses of the ventricles of the brain, and the choroid coat of the eyeball. — n.

Defn: The choroid coat of the eye. See Eye. Choroid plexus (Anat.), one of the delicate fringelike processes, consisting almost entirely of blood vessels, which project into the ventricles of the brain.

CHOROIDAL
Cho*roid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the choroid coat.

CHOROLOGY
Cho*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science which treats of the laws of distribution of living
organisms over the earth's surface as to latitude, altitude,
locality, etc.
Its distribution or chorology. Huxley.

CHOROMETRY
Cho*rom"e*try, n. Etym: [Gr. -metry.]

Defn: The art of surveying a region or district.

CHORTLE
Chor"tle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Chortled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chor"tling.]

Defn: A word coined by Lewis Carroll (Charles L. Dodgson), and usually explained as a combination of chuckle and snort. [Humorous]

O frabjous day ! Callooh ! Callay !
He chortled in his joy.
Lewis Carroll.

CHORUS
Cho"rus, n.; pl. Choruses. Etym: [L., a dance in a ring, a dance
accompanied with song; a chorus, a band of dancers and singers. Gr.
Choir.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A band of singers and dancers.
The Grecian tragedy was at first nothing but a chorus of singers.
Dryden.

2. (Gr. Drama)

Defn: A company of persons supposed to behold what passed in the acts of a tragedy, and to sing the sentiments which the events suggested in couplets or verses between the acts; also, that which was thus sung by the chorus. What the lofty, grave tragedians taught In chorus or iambic. Milton.

3. An interpreter in a dumb show or play. [Obs.]

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A company of singers singing in concert.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition of two or more parts, each of which is intended to be sung by a number of voices.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: Parts of a song or hymn recurring at intervals, as at the end of stanzas; also, a company of singers who join with the singer or choir in singer or choir in singing such parts.

7. The simultaneous of a company in any noisy demonstration; as, a Chorus of shouts and catcalls.

CHORUS
Cho"rus, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chorused; p. pr. & vb. n. Chorusing.]

Defn: To sing in chorus; to exclaim simultaneously. W. D. Howells.

CHOSE
Chose, n.; pl. Choses. Etym: [F., fr. L. causa cause, reason. See
Cause.] (Law)

Defn: A thing; personal property. Chose in action, a thing of which one has not possession or actual enjoyment, but only a right to it, or a right to demand it by action at law, and which does not exist at the time in specie; a personal right to a thing not reduced to possession, but recoverable by suit at law; as a right to recover money due on a contract, or damages for a tort, which can not be enforced against a reluctant party without suit. — Chose in possession, a thing in possession, as distinguished from a thing in action. — Chose local, a thing annexed to a place, as a mill. — Chose transitory, a thing which is movable. Cowell. Blount.

CHOSE
Chose,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Choose.

CHOSEN
Cho"sen, p. p. of Choose.

Defn: Selected from a number; picked out; choice.
Seven hundred chosen men left-handed. Judg. xx. 16.

CHOSEN
Cho"sen, n.

Defn: One who, or that which is the object of choice or special favor.

CHOU
Chou, n.; pl. Choux (#). [F., fr. L. caulis stalk.]

1. A cabbage.

2. A kind of light pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake, and with a filling, as of jelly or cream.

3. A bunch, knot, or rosette of ribbon or other material, used as an ornament in women's dress.

CHOUAN
Chou"an, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the royalist insurgents in western France (Brittany, etc.), during and after the French revolution.

CHOUGH
Chough, n. Etym: [OE. choughe, kowe (and cf. OE. ca), fr. AS. ceó;
cf. also D. kauw, OHG. chaha; perh. akin to E. caw. *22. Cf. Caddow.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the Crow family (Fregilus graculus) of Europe. It is of a black color, with a long, slender, curved bill and red legs; — also called chauk, chauk-daw, chocard, Cornish chough, red-legged crow. The name is also applied to several allied birds, as the Alpine chough. Cornish chough (Her.), a bird represented black, with red feet, and beak; — called also aylet and sea swallow.

CHOUICHA
Chou"i*cha, n. Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The salmon of the Columbia River or California. See Quinnat.

CHOUKA
Chou"ka, n. Etym: [Native name] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Indian four-horned antelope; the chikara.

CHOULE
Choule, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Jowl. Sir W. Scott.

CHOULTRY
Choul"try, n.

Defn: See Choltry.

CHOUSE Chouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Choused; p. pr. & vb. n. Chousing.] Etym: [From Turk. cha\'d4sh a messenger or interpreter, one of whom, attached to the Turkish embassy, in 1609 cheated the Turkish merchants resident in England out of £4,000.]

Defn: To cheat, trick, defraud; — followed by of, or out of; as, to
chouse one out of his money. [Colloq.]
The undertaker of the afore-cited poesy hath choused your highness.
Landor.

CHOUSE
Chouse, n.

1. One who is easily cheated; a tool; a simpleton; a gull. Hudibras.

2. A trick; sham; imposition. Johnson.

3. A swindler. B. Jonson.

CHOUT
Chout, n. Etym: [Mahratta chauth one fourth part.]

Defn: An assessment equal to a fourth part of the revenue. [India] J.
Mill.

CHOW
Chow, n. [Chin chou.]

Defn: A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; — often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow.

CHOWCHOW
Chow"chow`, a. Etym: [Chin.]

Defn: Consisting of several kinds mingled together; mixed; as, chowchow sweetmeats (preserved fruits put together).

Chowchow chop, the last lighter containing the small sundry packages sent off to fill up a ship. S. W. Williams.

CHOWCHOW
Chow"chow`, n. (Com.)

Defn: A kind of mixed pickles.

CHOWDER
Chow"der, n. Etym: [F. chaudière a kettle, a pot. Cf. Caldron.]

1. (Cookery)

Defn: A dish made of fresh fish or clams, biscuit, onions, etc., stewed together.

2. A seller of fish. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Chowder beer, a liquor made by boiling black spruce in water and mixing molasses with the decoction.

CHOWDER
Chow"der, v. t.

Defn: To make a chowder of.

CHOWRY
Chow"ry, n. Etym: [Hind. chaunri.]

Defn: A whisk to keep off files, used in the East Indies. Malcom.

CHOWTER Chow"ter, v. t. Etym: [Cf. OE. chowre, and Prov. E. chow, to grumble.]

Defn: To grumble or mutter like a froward child. [Obs.] E. Phillips.

CHOY ROOT
Choy" root`.

Defn: See Chay root.

CHREMATISTICS
Chre`ma*tis"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of wealth; the science, or a branch of the science, of political economy.

CHREOTECHNICS
Chre`o*tech"nics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of the useful arts, esp. agriculture, manufactures, and commerce. [R.]

CHRESTOMATHIC
Chres`to*math"ic, a.

Defn: Teaching what is useful. "A chrestomathic school." Southey.

CHRESTOMATHY
Chres*tom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A selection of passages, with notes, etc., to be used in acquiring a language; as, a Hebrew chrestomathy.

CHRISM
Chrism, n. Etym: [OE. crisme, from AS. crisma; also OE. creme, fr.
OF. cresme, like the AS. word fr. LL. chrisma, fr. Gr. friare,
fricare, to rub, Skr. gharsh, E. friable, friction. Cf. Chrisom.]
(Gr. & R. C. Church

1. Olive oil mixed with balm and spices, consecrated by the bishop on Maundy Thursday, and used in the administration of baptism, confirmation, ordination, etc.

2. The same as Chrisom.

CHRISMAL
Chris"mal, a. Etym: [LL. chrismalis.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to or used in chrism.

CHRISMATION
Chris*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. chrismatio.]

Defn: The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil.
Chrismation or cross-signing with ointment, was used in baptism. Jer.
Taylor.

CHRISMATORY
Chris"ma*to*ry, n. Etym: [LL. chrismatorium.]

Defn: A cruet or vessel in which chrism is kept.

CHRISOM
Chris"om, n. Etym: [See Chrism.]

1. A white cloth, anointed with chrism, or a white mantle thrown over a child when baptized or christened. [Obs.]

2. A child which died within a month after its baptism; — so called from the chrisom cloth which was used as a shroud for it. [Obs.] Blount.

CHRIST
Christ, n. Etym: [L. Christus, Gr. chri`ein to anoint. See Chrism.]

Defn: The Anointed; an appellation given to Jesus, the Savior. It is synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah.

CHRISTCROSS
Christ"cross`, n.

1. The mark of the cross, as cut, painted, written, or stamped on certain objects, — sometimes as the sign of 12 o'clock on a dial. The fescue of the dial is upon the christcross of noon. Old Play. Nares.

2. The beginning and the ending. [Obs.] Quarles.

CHRISTCROSS-ROW
Christ"cross-row`,

Defn: The alphabet; — formerly so called, either from the cross usually set before it, or from a superstitious custom, sometimes practiced, of writing it in the form of a cross, by way of a charm. From infant conning of the Christcross-row. Wordsworth.

CHRISTEN
Chris"ten, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Christened; p. pr. & vb. n.
Christening.] Etym: [AS. cristnian to make a Christian, fr. cristen a
Christian.]

1. To baptize and give a Christian name to.

2. To give a name; to denominate. "Christen the thing what you will." Bp. Burnet.

3. To Christianize. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

4. To use for the first time. [Colloq.]

CHRISTENDOM
Chris"ten*dom, n. Etym: [AS. cristend; cristen a Christian + -dom.]

1. The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of it. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The name received at baptism; or, more generally, any name or appelation. [Obs.] Pretty, fond, adoptious christendoms. Shak.

3. That portion of the world in which Christianity prevails, or which is governed under Christian institutions, in distinction from heathen or Mohammedan lands. The Arian doctrine which then divided Christendom. Milton A wide and still widening Christendom. Coleridge.

4. The whole body of Christians. Hooker.

CHRISTIAN
Chris"tian, n. Etym: [L. christianus, Gr. cristen. See Christ.]

1. One who believes, or professes or is assumed to believe, in Jesus Christ, and the truth as taught by Him; especially, one whose inward and outward life is conformed to the doctrines of Christ. The disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. Acts xi. 26.

2. One born in a Christian country or of Christian parents, and who has not definitely becomes an adherent of an opposing system.

3. (Eccl.) (a) One of a Christian denomination which rejects human creeds as bases of fellowship, and sectarian names. They are congregational in church government, and baptize by immersion. They are also called Disciples of Christ, and Campbellites. (b) One of a sect (called Christian Connection) of open-communion immersionists. The Bible is their only authoritative rule of faith and practice.

Note: In this sense, often pronounced, but not by the members of the sects, kris"chan.

CHRISTIAN
Chris"tian, a.

1. Pertaining to Christ or his religion; as, Christian people.

3. Pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical; as, a Christian court. Blackstone.

4. Characteristic of Christian people; civilized; kind; kindly;
gentle; beneficent.
The graceful tact; the Christian art. Tennyson.
Christian Commission. See under Commission.
— Christian court. Same as Ecclesiastical court.
— Christian era, the present era, commencing with the birth of
Christ. It is supposed that owing to an error of a monk (Dionysius
Exiguus, d. about 556) employed to calculate the era, its
commencement was fixed three or four years too late, so that 1890
should be 1893 or 1894.
— Christian name, the name given in baptism, as distinct from the
family name, or surname.

CHRISTIAN ERA
Christian Era.

Defn: The era in use in all Christian countries, which was intended to commence with the birth of Christ. The era as now established was first used by Dionysius Exiguus (died about 540), who placed the birth of Christ on the 25th of December in the year of Rome 754, which year he counted as 1 a. d. This date for Christ's birth is now generally thought to be about four years too late.

CHRISTIANISM
Chris`tian*ism, n. Etym: [L. christianismus, Gr. christianisme.]

1. The Christian religion. [Obs.] Milton.

2. The Christian world; Christendom. [Obs.] Johnson

CHRISTIANITE Chris"tian*ite, n. Etym: [In sense (a) named after Christian Frederic, of Denmark; in sense (b) after Christian VII., of Denmark.] (Min.) (a) Same as Anorthite. [R.] (b) See Phillipsite.

CHRISTIANITY Chris*tian"i*ty, n. Etym: [OE. cristiente, OF. cristienté, F. chrétienté, fr. L. christianitas. ]

1. The religion of Christians; the system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ.

2. Practical conformity of one's inward and outward life to the spirit of the Christian religion

3. The body of Christian believers. [Obs.] To Walys fled the christianitee Of olde Britons. Chaucer.

CHRISTIANIZATION
Chris`tian*i*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of converting or being converted to a true
Christianity.

CHRISTIANIZE
Chris"tian*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Christianized (; p. pr. vb. n.
Christianizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. christianiser, L. christianizare, fr.
Gr.

1. To make Christian; to convert to Christianity; as, to Christianize pagans.

2. To imbue with or adapt to Christian principles. Christianized philosophers. I. Taylor.

CHRISTIANIZE
Chris"tian*ize, v. i.

Defn: To adopt the character or belief of a Christian; to become
Christian.
The pagans began to Christianize. Latham.

CHRISTIANLIKE
Chris"tian*like`, a.

Defn: Becoming to a Christian.
A virtuous and a Christianlike conclusion. Shak.

CHRISTIANLY
Chris"tian*ly, adv.

Defn: In a manner becoming the principles of the Christian religion.
Sufferings . . . patiently and Christianly borne. Sharp.

CHRISTIANLY
Chris"tian*ly, a.

Defn: Christianlike. Longfellow.

CHRISTIANNESS
Chris"tian*ness, n.

Defn: Consonance with the doctrines of Christianity. [Obs.] Hammond.

CHRISTIAN SCIENCE
Christian Science.

Defn: A system of healing disease of mind and body which teaches that all cause and effect is mental, and that sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed by a full understanding of the Divine Principle of Jesus' teaching and healing. The system was founded by Rev. Mary Baker Glover Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866, and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as understood by its adherents.

CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST
Christian Scientist.

Defn: A believer in Christian Science; one who practices its teachings.

CHRISTIAN SENECA
Christian Seneca.

Defn: Joseph Hall (1574 — 1656), Bishop of Norwich, a divine eminent as a moralist.

CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM
Christian Socialism.

Defn: Any theory or system that aims to combine the teachings of Christ with the teachings of socialism in their applications to life; Christianized socialism; esp., the principles of this nature advocated by F. D. Maurice, Charles Kingsley, and others in England about 1850. — Christian socialist.

CHRISTLESS
Christ"less, a.

Defn: Without faith in Christ; unchristian. Tennyson.

CHRISTLIKE
Christ"like`, a.

Defn: Resembling Christ in character, actions, etc.
— Christ"like`ness, n.

CHRISTLY
Christ"ly, a.

Defn: Christlike. H. Bushnell.

CHRISTMAS
Christ"mas, n. Etym: [Christ + mass.]

Defn: An annual church festival (December 25) and in some States a legal holiday, in memory of the birth of Christ, often celebrated by a particular church service, and also by special gifts, greetings, and hospitality. Christmas box. (a) A box in which presents are deposited at Christmas. (b) A present or small gratuity given to young people and servants at Christmas; a Christmas gift. — Christmas carol, a carol sung at, or suitable for, Christmas. — Christmas day. Same as Christmas. — Christmas eve, the evening before Christmas. — Christmas fern (Bot.), an evergreen North American fern (Aspidium acrostichoides), which is much used for decoration in winter. — Christmas flower, Christmas rose, the black hellebore, a poisonous plant of the buttercup family, which in Southern Europe often produces beautiful roselike flowers midwinter. — Christmas tree, a small evergreen tree, set up indoors, to be decorated with bonbons, presents, etc., and illuminated on Christmas eve.

CHRISTMASTIDE
Christ"mas*tide`, n. Etym: [Christmas + tide time.]

Defn: The season of Christmas.

CHRISTOCENTRIC
Chris"to*cen"tric, a. Etym: [Christ + centric.]

Defn: Making Christ the center, about whom all things are grouped, as in religion or history; tending toward Christ, as the central object of thought or emotion. J. W. Chadwick.

CHRISTOLOGY
Chris*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Crist + -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on Christ; that department of theology which treats of the personality, attributes, or life of Christ.

CHRISTOM
Chris"tom, n.

Defn: See Chrisom. [Obs.] Shak.

CHRISTOPHANY
Chris*toph"a*ny, n. Etym: [Christ + Gr.

Defn: An appearance of Christ, as to his disciples after the crucifixion.

CHRIST'S-THORN
Christ's-thorn`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found in Palestine, especially the Paliurus aculeatus, Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris. The last bears the fruit called jujube, and may be considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown of Thorns.

CHROMASCOPE
Chro"ma*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for showing the optical effects of color.

CHROMATE
Chro"mate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chromate. See Chrome.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of chromic acid.

CHROMATIC
Chro*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. chromaticus, Gr.

1. Relating to color, or to colors.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half steps or semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular intervals of the diatonic scale.

Note: The intermediate tones were formerly written and printed in colors. Chromatic aberration. (Opt.) See Aberration, 4. — Chromatic printing, printing from type or blocks covered with inks of various colors. — Chromatic scale (Mus.), the scale consisting of thirteen tones, including the eight scale tones and the five intermediate tones.

CHROMATICAL
Chro*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Chromatic. [Obs.]

CHROMATICALLY
Chro*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a chromatic manner.

CHROMATICS
Chro*mat"ics, n.

Defn: The science of colors; that part of optics which treats of the properties of colors.

CHROMATIN
Chro"ma*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue which is capable of being stained by dyes.

CHROMATISM
Chro"ma*tism, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Optics)

Defn: The state of being colored, as in the case of images formed by a lens.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: An abnormal coloring of plants.

CHROMATOGENOUS
Chro`ma*tog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.]

Defn: Producing color.

CHROMATOGRAPHY
Chro`ma*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: A treatise on colors

CHROMATOLOGY
Chro`ma*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on colors.

CHROMATOPHORE
Chro"ma*to*phore`, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A contractile cell or vesicle containing liquid pigment and capable of changing its form or size, thus causing changes of color in the translucent skin of such animals as possess them. They are highly developed and numerous in the cephalopods.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the granules of protoplasm, which in mass give color to the part of the plant containing them.

CHROMATOSCOPE
Chro"ma*to*scope`, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.] (Astron.)

Defn: A reflecting telescope, part of which is made to rotate eccentrically, so as to produce a ringlike image of a star, instead of a point; — used in studying the scintillation of the stars.

CHROMATOSPHERE
Chro"ma*to*sphere`, n.

Defn: A chromosphere. [R.]

CHROMATROPE
Chro"ma*trope, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for exhibiting certain chromatic effects of light (depending upon the persistence of vision and mixture of colors) by means of rapidly rotating disks variously colored.

2. A device in a magic lantern or stereopticon to produce kaleidoscopic effects.

CHROMATYPE
Chro"ma*type, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. (Photog.)

Defn: A colored photographic picture taken upon paper made sensitive with potassium bichromate or some other salt of chromium.

2. The process by which such picture is made.

CHROME
Chrome, n.

Defn: Same as Chromium. Chrome alum (Chem.), a dark violet substance, (SO4)3Cr2.K2SO4.24H2O, analogous to, and crystallizing like, common alum. It is regarded as a double sulphate of chromium and potassium. — Chrome green (a) The green oxide of chromium, Cr2O3, used in enamel painting, and glass staining. (b) A pigment made by mixing chrome yellow with Prussian blue. — Chrome red, a beautiful red pigment originally prepared from the basic chromate of lead, but now made from red oxide of lead. — Chrome yellow, a brilliant yellow pigment, PbCrO4, used by painters.

CHROME STEEL
Chrome steel.

Defn: Same as Chromium steel, under Steel.

CHROMIC
Chro"mic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, chromium; — said of the compounds of chromium in which it has its higher valence. Chromic acid, an acid, H2CrO4, analogous to sulphuric acid, not readily obtained in the free state, but forming well known salts, many of which are colored pigments, as chrome yellow, chrome red, etc. — Chromic anhydride, a brilliant red crystalline substance, CrO3, regarded as the anhydride of chromic acid. It is one of the most powerful oxidizers known.

CHROMID
Chro"mid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Chromidæ, a family of fresh-water fishes abundant in the tropical parts of America and Africa. Some are valuable food fishes, as the bulti of the Nile.

CHROMIDROSIS
Chro`mi*dro"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Secretion of abnormally colored perspiration.

CHROMISM
Chro"mism, n.

Defn: Same as Chromatism.

CHROMITE
Chro"mite, n.

1. (Min.)

Defn: A black submetallic mineral consisting of oxide of chromium and iron; — called also chromic iron.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid.
[R.]

CHROMIUM
Chro"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A comparatively rare element occurring most abundantly in the mineral chromite. Atomic weight 52.5. Symbol Cr. When isolated it is a hard, brittle, grayish white metal, fusible with difficulty. Its chief commercial importance is for its compounds, as potassium chromate, lead chromate, etc., which are brilliantly colored and are used dyeing and calico printing. Called also chrome.

CHROMO
Chro"mo, n.; pl. Chromos. Etym: [Abbrev. from chromolithograph.]

Defn: A chromolithograph.

CHROMOBLAST
Chro"mo*blast, n. Etym: [Gr. -blast.]

Defn: An embryonic cell which develops into a pigment cell.

CHROMOGEN
Chro"mo*gen, Etym: [Gr. -gen.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Vegetable coloring matter other than green; chromule.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Any colored compound, supposed to contain one or more chromophores.

CHROMOGENIC
Chro"mo*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Containing, or capable of forming, chromogen; as, chromogenic bacteria.

CHROMOGRAPH
Chro"mo*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.]

Defn: An apparatus by which a number of copies of written matter, maps, plans, etc., can be made; — called also hectograph.

CHROMOLEUCITE
Chro`mo*leu"cite, n. Etym: [Gr. leucite.] (Bot.)

Defn: A chromoplastid.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPH
Chro`mo*lith"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. lithograph.]

Defn: A picture printed in tints and colors by repeated impressions from a series of stones prepared by the lithographic process.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHER
Chro`mo*li*thog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who is engaged in chromolithography.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHIC
Chro"mo*lith`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or made by, chromolithography.

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHY
Chro"mo*li*thog"ra*phy, n.

Defn: Lithography adapted to printing in inks of various colors.

CHROMOPHANE
Chro"mo*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A general name for the several coloring matters, red, green, yellow, etc., present in the inner segments in the cones of the retina, held in solution by fats, and slowly decolorized by light; distinct from the photochemical pigments of the rods of the retina.

CHROMOPHORE
Chro"mo*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Any chemical group or residue (as NO

CHROMOPHOTOGRAPH
Chro`mo*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr. color + photograph.]

Defn: A picture made by any of the processes for reproducing photographs in colors. —Chro`mo*pho`to*graph"ic (#), a.

CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHY
Chro`mo*pho*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. photography.]

Defn: The art of producing photographs in colors.

CHROMOPHOTOLITHOGRAPH
Chro"mo*pho`to*lith"o*graph, n.

Defn: A photolithograph printed in colors.

CHROMOPLASTID
Chro`mo*plas"tid, n. Etym: [Gr. plastid.] (Bot.)

Defn: A protoplasmic granule of some other color than green; — also called chromoleucite.

CHROMOSOME
Chro"mo*some`, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.

CHROMOSPHERE
Chro"mo*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Astron.)

Defn: An atmosphere of rare matter, composed principally of incandescent hydrogen gas, surrounding the sun and enveloping the photosphere. Portions of the chromosphere are here and there thrown up into enormous tongues of flame.

CHROMOSPHERIC
Chro`mo*spher"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the chromosphere.

CHROMOTYPE
Chro"mo*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]

1. A sheet printed in colors by any process, as a chromolithograph. See Chromolithograph.

2. A photographic picture in the natural colors.

CHROMOUS
Chro"mous, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chromium, when this element has a valence lower than that in chromic compounds. Chromous acid, a bluish gray powder, CrO.OH, of weak acid properties and regard as an acid.

CHROMULE
Chro"mule, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A general name for coloring matter of plants other than chlorophyll, especially that of petals.

CHRONIC
Chron"ic, a. Etym: [L. chronicus, Gr. chronique.]

1. Relating to time; according to time.

2. Continuing for a long time; lingering; habitual. Chronic disease, one which is inveterate, of long continuance, or progresses slowly, in distinction from an acute disease, which speedly terminates.

CHRONICAL
Chron"ic*al, a.

Defn: Chronic.
Partly on a chronical, and partly on a topical method. J. A.
Alexander.

CHRONICLE Chron"i*cle, n. Etym: [OE. cronicle, fr. cronique, OF. cronique, F. chronique, L. chronica, fr. Gr. Chronic.]

1. An historical register or account of facts or events disposed in the order of time.

2. A narrative of events; a history; a record.

3. pl.

Defn: The two canonical books of the Old Testament in which immediately follow 2 Kings.

Syn. - Register; record; annals. See History.

CHRONICLE
Chron"i*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chronicled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Chronicling.]

Defn: To record in a history or chronicle; to record; to register.
Shak.

CHRONICLER
Chron"i*cler, n.

Defn: A writer of a chronicle; a recorder of events in the order of
time; an historian.
Such an honest chronicler as Griffith. Shak.

CHRONIQUE
Chro`nique", n. Etym: [F. See Chronicle.]

Defn: A chronicle. L. Addison.

CHRONOGRAM
Chron"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. chronogramme.]

1. An inscription in which certain numeral letters, made to appear specially conspicuous, on being added together, express a particular date or epoch, as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632: ChrIstVs DVX; ergo trIVMphVs. - the capitals of which give, when added as numerals, the sum 1632.

2. The record or inscription made by a chronograph.

CHRONOGRAMMATIC; CHRONOGRAMMATICAL Chron`o*gram*mat"ic, Chron`o*gram*mat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chronogrammatique.]

Defn: Belonging to a chronogram, or containing one.

CHRONOGRAMMATIST
Chron`o*gram"ma*tist, n.

Defn: A writer of chronograms.

CHRONOGRAPH
Chron"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph: cf. F. chronographe.]

1. An instrument for measuring or recording intervals of time, upon a revolving drum or strip of paper moved by clockwork. The action of the stylus or pen is controlled by electricity.

2. Same as Chronogram, 1. [R.]

3. A chronoscope.

CHRONOGRAPHER
Chro*nog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who writes a chronography; a chronologer. Tooke.

CHRONOGRAPHIC
Chron`o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a chronograph.

CHRONOGRAPHY
Chro*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. Chronograph.]

Defn: A description or record of past time; history. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

CHRONOLOGER
Chro*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: Same as Chronologist.

CHRONOLOGIC; CHRONOLOGICAL
Chron`o*log"ic, Chron`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Relating to chronology; containing an account of events in the
order of time; according to the order of time; as, chronological
tables. Raleigh.
— Chron`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

CHRONOLOGIST; CHRONOLOGER
Chro*nol"o*gist, Chro*nol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A person who investigates dates of events and transactions; one
skilled in chronology.
That learned noise and dust of the chronologist is wholly to be
avoided. Locke.
THe most exact chronologers tell us that Christ was born in October,
and not in December. John Knox.

CHRONOLOGY
Chro*nol"o*gy, n.; pl. Chronologies. Etym: [Gr. chronologie.]

Defn: The science which treats of measuring time by regular divisions or periods, and which assigns to events or transactions their proper dates. If history without chronology is dark and confused, chronology without history is dry and insipid. A. Holmes.

CHRONOMETER
Chro*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. chronomètre.]

1. An instrument for measuring time; a timekeeper.

2. A portable timekeeper, with a heavy compensation balance, and usually beating half seconds; — intended to keep time with great accuracy for use an astronomical observations, in determining longitude, etc.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: A metronome. Box chronometer. See under Box.
— Pocket chronometer, a chronometer in the form of a large watch.
— To rate a chronometer. See Rate, v. t.

CHRONOMETRIC; CHRONOMETRICAL Chron`o*met"ric, Chron`o*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chronométrique.]

Defn: Pertaining to a chronometer; measured by a chronometer.

CHRONOMETRY
Chro*nom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chronométrie.]

Defn: The art of measuring time; the measuring of time by periods or divisions.

CHRONOPHER
Chron"o*pher, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An instrument signaling the correct time to distant points by electricity.

CHRONOPHOTOGRAPH
Chron`o*pho"to*graph, n. [Gr. time + photograph.]

Defn: One of a set of photographs of a moving object, taken for the purpose of recording and exhibiting successive phases of the motion. —Chron`o*pho*tog"ra*phy, n.

CHRONOSCOPE
Chron"o*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring minute intervals of time; used in determining the velocity of projectiles, the duration of short-lived luminous phenomena, etc.

CHRYSALID
Chrys"a*lid, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a chrysalis; resembling a chrysalis.

CHRYSALID
Chrys"a*lid, n.; pl. Chrysalids.

Defn: See Chrysalis.

CHRYSALIS Chrys"a*lis, n.; pl. Chrysalides. Etym: [L. chrysallis the gold- colored pupa of butterflies, Gr. Aurelia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pupa state of certain insects, esp. of butterflies, from which the perfect insect emerges. See Pupa, and Aurelia (a).

CHRYSANILINE
Chrys*an"i*line, n. Etym: [Gr. anilene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow substance obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of rosaniline. It dyes silk a fine golden-yellow color.

CHRYSANTHEMUM
Chrys*an"the*mum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of composite plants, mostly perennial, and of many species including the many varieties of garden chrysanthemums (annual and perennial), and also the feverfew and the oxeye daisy.

CHRYSAROBIN Chrys`a*ro"bin, n. Etym: [Gr. araroba a foreign name of Goa powder + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter, yellow substance forming the essential constituent of Goa powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid proper; hence formerly called also chrysphanic acid.

CHRYSAURIN
Chrys*au"rin, n. Etym: [Gr. aurum gold. So called from its color.]

Defn: An orange-colored dyestuff, of artificial production.

CHRYSELEPHANTINE
Chrys`el*e*phan"tine, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Composed of, or adorned with, gold and ivory.

Note: The chryselephantine statues of the Greeks were built up with inferior materials, veneered, as it were, with ivory for the flesh, and gold decorated with color for the hair and garments.

CHRYSENE
Chry"sene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to napthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, C18H12, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities.

CHRYSOBERYL
Chrys"o*ber`yl, n. Etym: [L. chrysoberyllus, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, found in crystals, of a yellow to green or brown color, and consisting of aluminia and glucina. It is very hard, and is often used as a gem.

CHRYSOCHLORE
Chrys"o*chlore, n. Etym: [Gr. chrysochlore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South African mole of the genus Chrysochloris; the golden mole, the fur of which reflects brilliant metallic hues of green and gold.

CHRYSOCOLLA
Chrys"o*col`la, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of copper, occurring massive, of a blue or greenish blue color.

CHRYSOGEN
Chrys"o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance extracted from crude anthracene.

CHRYSOGRAPHY
Chry*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr.

1. The art of writing in letters of gold.

2. A writing executed in letters of gold.

CHRYSOIDINE
Chrys*o"ï*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. -oid + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: An artificial, yellow, crystalline dye, C6H5N2.C6H3(NH2)2.
Also, one of a group of dyestuffs resembling chrysoïdine proper.

CHRYSOLITE
Chrys"o*lite, n. Etym: [L. chrysolithos, Gr. chrysolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron, of a yellow to green color. It is common in certain volcanic rocks; — called also olivine and peridot. Sometimes used as a gem. The name was also early used for yellow varieties of tourmaline and topaz.

CHRYSOLOGY
Chry*sol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: That branch of political economy which relates to the production of wealth.

CHRYSOPA
Chrys*o"pa, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of neuropterous insects. See Lacewing.

CHRYSOPHANE
Chrys"o*phane, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from rhubarb as a bitter, yellow, crystalline powder, and yielding chrysophanic acid on decomposition.

CHRYSOPHANIC
Chrys`o*phan"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or resembling, chrysophane. Chrysophanic acid (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance extracted from rhubarb, yellow dock, sienna, chrysarobin, etc., and shown to be a derivative of an anthracene. It is used in the treatment of skin diseases; — called also rhein, rheic acid, rhubarbarin, etc.

CHRYSOPRASE Chrys"o*prase, n. Etym: [OE. crisopace, OF. crisoprace, F. chrysoprase, L. chrysoprasus, fr. Gr. (Min.)

Defn: An apple-green variety of chalcedony, colored by nickel. It has a dull flinty luster, and is sometimes used in jewelry.

CHRYSOPRASUS
Chry*sop"ra*sus, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: See Chrysoprase. Rev. xxi. 20.

CHRYSOSPERM
Chrys"o*sperm, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The seed of gold; a means of creating gold. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

CHRYSOTYPE
Chrys"o*type, n. Etym: [Gr. -type.]

1. A photographic picture taken upon paper prepared by the use of a sensitive salt of iron and developed by the application of chloride of gold. Abney.

2. 2process, invented by Sir J.Herschel.

CHTHONIAN
Chtho"ni*an, a. [Gr. in or under the earth, fr. , , earth.]

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, gods or spirits of the underworld; esp., relating to the underworld gods of the Greeks, whose worship is widely considered as more primitive in form than that of the Olympian gods. The characteristics of chthonian worship are propitiatory and magical rites and generalized or euphemistic names of the deities, which are supposed to have been primarily ghosts.

CHTHONIC
Chthon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to the earth; earthy; as, chthonic religions.
[The] chthonic character of the wife of Zeus. Max Müller.

CHTHONOPHAGIA; CHTHONOPHAGY
Chthon`o*pha"gi*a, Chtho*noph"a*gy, n. Etym: [NL. chthonophagia; Gr.

Defn: A disease characterized by an irresistible desire to eat earth, observed in some parts of the southern United States, the West Indies, etc.

CHUB
Chub, n. Etym: [This word seems to signify a large or thick fish. Cf.
Sw. kubb a short and thick piece of wood, and perh. F. chabot chub.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A species to fresh-water fish of the Cyprinidæ or Carp family. The common European species is Leuciscus cephalus; the cheven. In America the name is applied to various fishes of the same family, of the genera Semotilus, Squalius, Ceratichthys, etc., and locally to several very different fishes, as the tautog, black bass, etc. Chub mackerel (Zoöl.), a species of mackerel (Scomber colias) in some years found in abundance on the Atlantic coast, but absent in others; — called also bull mackerel, thimble-eye, and big-eye mackerel. — Chub sucker (Zoöl.), a fresh-water fish of the United States (Erimyzon sucetta); — called also creekfish.

CHUBBED
Chub"bed, a.

Defn: Chubby. [R.] H. Brooke.

CHUBBEDNESS
Chub"bed*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being chubby.

CHUBBY
Chub"by, a.

Defn: Like a chub; plump, short, and thick. "Chubby faces." I.
Taylor.

CHUB-FACED
Chub"-faced`, a.

Defn: Having a plump, short face.

CHUCK
Chuck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Chucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] Etym:
[Imitative of the sound.]

1. To make a noise resembling that of a hen when she calls her chickens; to cluck.

2. To chuckle; to laugh. [R.] Marston.

CHUCK
Chuck, v. t.

Defn: To call, as a hen her chickens. Dryden.

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

1. The chuck or call of a hen.

2. A sudden, small noise.

3. A word of endearment; — corrupted from chick. "Pray, chuck, come hither." Shak.

CHUCK
Chuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Chucking.] Etym:
[F. choquer to strike. Cf. Shock, v. t.]

1. To strike gently; to give a gentle blow to. Chucked the barmaid under the chin. W. Irving.

2. To toss or throw smartly out of the hand; to pitch. [Colloq.] "Mahomet Ali will just be chucked into the Nile." Lord Palmerson.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: To place in a chuck, or hold by means of a chuck, as in turning; to bore or turn (a hole) in a revolving piece held in a chuck.

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

1. A slight blow or pat under the chin.

2. A short throw; a toss.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A contrivance or machine fixed to the mandrel of a lathe, for holding a tool or the material to be operated upon.

Chuck farthing, a play in which a farthing is pitched into a hole; pitch farthing. — Chuck hole, a deep hole in a wagon rut. — Elliptic chuck, a chuck having a silder and an eccentric circle, which, as the work turns round, give it a sliding motion across the center which generates an ellipse. Knight.

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

1. A small pebble; — called also chuckstone and chuckiestone. [Scot.]

2. pl.

Defn: A game played with chucks, in which one or more are tossed up and caught; jackstones. [Scot.]

CHUCK
Chuck, n.

Defn: A piece of the backbone of an animal, from between the neck and the collar bone, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking; as, a chuck steak; a chuck roast. [Colloq.]

CHUCKLE
Chuc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chuckled; p. pr. & vb. n. Chuckling.]
Etym: [From lst Chuck.]

1. To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck. [Obs.] Dryden.

2. To fondle; to cocker. [Obs.] Dryden.

CHUCKLE
Chuc"kle, n.

Defn: A short, suppressed laugh; the expression of satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

CHUCKLE
Chuc"kle, v. i. Etym: [From lst Chuck.]

Defn: To laugh in a suppressed or broken manner, as expressing inward satisfaction, exultation, or derision.

CHUCKLEHEAD
Chuc"kle*head`, n.

Defn: A person with a large head; a numskull; a dunce. [Low] Knowles.

CHUCKLEHEADED
Chuc"kle*head`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large head; thickheaded; dull; stupid. Smart.

CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW
Chuck`-Will's-wid"ow, n. (Zool.)

Defn: A species of goatsucker (Antrostomus Carolinensis), of the southern United States; — so called from its note.

CHUD
Chud, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Chew, Cud.]

Defn: To champ; to bite. [Obs.] A. Stafford.

CHUET
Chu"et, n. Etym: [From Chew, v. t.]

Defn: Minced meat. [Obs.] Bacon.

CHUFA
Chu"fa, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Bot.)

Defn: A sedgelike plant (Cyperus esculentus) producing edible tubers, native about the Mediterranean, now cultivated in many regions; the earth almond.

CHUFF Chuff, n. Etym: [Perh. a modification of chub: cf. W. cyff stock, stump.]

Defn: A coarse or stupid fellow. Shak.

CHUFF
Chuff, a.

Defn: Stupid; churlish. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

CHUFFILY
Chuff"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Clownishly; surlily.

CHUFFINESS
Chuff"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being chuffy.

CHUFFY
Chuff"y, a.

1. Fat or puffed out in the cheeks.

2. Rough; clownish; surly.

CHULAN
Chu"lan, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The fragrant flowers of the Chloranthus inconspicuus, used in
China for perfuming tea.

CHUM Chum, n. Etym: [Perh. a contraction fr. comrade or chamber fellow: cf. also AS. cuma a comer, guest.]

Defn: A roommate, especially in a college or university; an old and intimate friend.

CHUM
Chum, v. i. [imp. p. p. Chummed; p. pr. & vb. n. Chumming.]

Defn: To occupy a chamber with another; as, to chum together at college. [U. S.]

CHUM
Chum, n.

Defn: Chopped pieces of fish used as bait. [U. S.]

CHUMP
Chump, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. kumbr a chopping, E. chop.]

Defn: A short, thick, heavy piece of wood. Morton. Chump end, the thick end; as, the chump end of a joint of meat. Dickens.

CHUNAM
Chu*nam", n. Etym: [Hind. chuna, from Skr. curna powder, dust; or a
Dravidian word.]

Defn: Quicklime; also, plaster or mortar. [India] Whitworth.

CHUNK
Chunk, n. Etym: [Cf. Chump.]

Defn: A short, thick piece of anything. [Colloq. U. S. & Prov. Eng.]

CHUNKY
Chunk"y, a.

Defn: Short and thick. [U. S.] Kane.

CHUPATTY
Chu*pat"ty, n.; pl. -ties (#). [Hind. chapati.]

Defn: A kind of griddlecake of unleavened bread, used among the natives of India. [Anglo-Indian]

CHUPRASSY; CHUPRASSIE
Chu*pras"sy Chu*pras"sie, n. [Hind. chaprassi, fr. chapras badge.]

Defn: A messenger or servant wearing an official badge. [Anglo-
Indian]

CHURCH Church, n. Etym: [OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. ç\'d4ra hero, Zend. çura strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf. Kirk.]

1. A building set apart for Christian worship.

2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.] Acts xix. 37.

3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together. "When they had ordained them elders in every church." Acts xiv. 23.

4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church; the Presbyterian church.

5. The collective body of Christians.

6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church of Brahm.

7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of the church against some moral evil. Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors. Bulwer.

Note: Church is often used in composition to denote something
belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church
history; church member; church music, etc. Apostolic church. See
under Apostolic.
— Broad church. See Broad Church.
— Catholic or Universal church, the whole body of believers in
Christ throughout the world.
— Church of England, or English church, the Episcopal church
established and endowed in England by law.
— Church living, a benefice in an established church.
— Church militant. See under Militant.
— Church owl (Zoöl.), the white owl. See Barn owl.
— Church rate, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of
the church and its services.
— Church session. See under Session.
— Church triumphant. See under Triumphant.
— Church work, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a
particular church for the spread of religion.
— Established church, the church maintained by the civil authority;
a state church.

CHURCH
Church, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churched; p. pr. & vb. n. Churching.]

Defn: To bless according to a prescribed form, or to unite with in publicly returning thanks in church, as after deliverance from the dangers of childbirth; as, the churching of women.

CHURCH-ALE
Church"-ale`, n.

Defn: A church or parish festival (as in commemoration of the dedication of a church), at which much ale was used. Wright. Nares.

CHURCH-BENCH
Church"-bench`, n.

Defn: A seat in the porch of a church. Shak.

CHURCHDOM
Church"dom, n.

Defn: The institution, government, or authority of a church. [R.] Bp.
Pearson.

CHURCHGOER
Church"go`er, n.

Defn: One who attends church.

CHURCHGOING
Church"go`ing, a.

1. Habitually attending church.

2. Summoning to church. The sound of the churchgoing bell. Cowper.

CHURCH-HAW
Church"-haw`, n. Etym: [Church + haw a yard.]

Defn: Churchyard. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CHURCHISM
Church"ism, n.

Defn: Strict adherence to the forms or principles of some church organization; sectarianism.

CHURCHLESS
Church"less, a.

Defn: Without a church. T. Fuller.

CHURCHLIKE
Church"like`, a.

Defn: Befitting a church or a churchman; becoming to a clergyman.
Shak.

CHURCHLINESS
Church"li*ness, n.

Defn: Regard for the church.

CHURCHLY
Church"ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suitable for, the church; ecclesiastical.

CHURCHMAN
Church"man, n.; pl. Churchmen.

1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman.

2. An Episcopalian, or a member of the Established Church of England. "A zealous churchman." Macaulay.

3. One was is attached to, or attends, church.

CHURCHMANLY
Church"man*ly, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or becoming, a churchman. Milman.

CHURCHMANSHIP
Church"man*ship, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being a churchman; attachment to the church.

CHURCH MODES
Church" modes`. (Mus.)

Defn: The modes or scales used in ancient church music. See
Gregorian.

CHURCHSHIP
Church"ship, n.

Defn: State of being a church. South.

CHURCHWARDEN
Church"ward`en, n.

1. One of the officers (usually two) in an Episcopal church, whose duties vary in different dioceses, but always include the provision of what is necessary for the communion service.

2. A clay tobacco pipe, with a long tube. [Slang, Eng.] There was a small wooden table placed in front of the smoldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. W. Black.

CHURCHWARDENSHIP
Church"ward`en*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a churchwarden.

CHURCHY
Church"y, a.

Defn: Relating to a church; unduly fond of church forms. [Colloq.]

CHURCHYARD
Church"yard`, n.

Defn: The ground adjoining a church, in which the dead are buried; a
cemetery.
Like graves in the holy churchyard. Shak.

Syn.
— Burial place; burying ground; graveyard; necropolis; cemetery;
God's acre.

CHURL Churl, n. Etym: [AS. ceorl a freeman of the lowest rank, man, husband; akin to D. karel, kerel, G. kerl, Dan. & Sw. karl, Icel. karl, and to the E. proper name Charles (orig., man, male), and perh. to Skr. jara lover. Cf. Carl, Charles's Wain.]

1. A rustic; a countryman or laborer. "A peasant or churl." Spenser. Your rank is all reversed; let men of cloth Bow to the stalwart churls in overalls. Emerson.

2. A rough, surly, ill-bred man; a boor. A churl's courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. Sir P. Sidney.

3. A selfish miser; an illiberal person; a niggard. Like to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. Drayton.

CHURL
Churl, a.

Defn: Churlish; rough; selfish. [Obs.] Ford.

CHURLISH
Churl"ish, a.

1. Like a churl; rude; cross-grained; ungracious; surly; illiberal; niggardly. "Churlish benefits." Ld. Burleigh. Half mankind maintain a churlish strife. Cowper.

2. Wanting pliancy; unmanageable; unyielding; not easily wrought; as, a churlish soil; the churlish and intractable nature of some minerals. Boyle.

CHURLISHLY
Churl"ish*ly, adv.

Defn: In a churlish manner.

CHURLISHNESS
Churl"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Rudeness of manners or temper; lack of kindness or courtesy.

CHURLY
Churl"y, a.

Defn: Rude; churlish; violent. Longfellow.

CHURME; CHIRM
Churme, Chirm, n. Etym: [See Chirm.]

Defn: Clamor, or confused noise; buzzing. [Obs.]
The churme of a thousand taunts and reproaches. Bacon.

CHURN Churn, n. Etym: [OE. chirne, cherne, AS. ceren, cyrin; akin to D. karn, Dan. kierne. See Churn, v. t.]

Defn: A vessel in which milk or cream is stirred, beaten, or otherwise agitated (as by a plunging or revolving dasher) in order to separete the oily globules from the other parts, and obtain butter.

CHURN
Churn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Churned; p. pr. & vb. n. Churning.] Etym:
[OE. chernen, AS. cernan; akin to LG. karnen, G. kernen, D. karnen,
Dan. kierne, Sw. kärna, and also to E. corn, kernel, the meaning
coming from the idea of extracting the kernel or marrow. See Kernel.]

1. To stir, beat, or agitate, as milk or cream in a churn, in order to make butter.

2. To shake or agitate with violence. Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose. Addison.

CHURN
Churn, v. i.

Defn: To perform the operation of churning.

CHURNING
Churn"ing, n.

1. The act of one who churns.

2. The quantity of butter made at one operation.

CHURR
Churr, n. [Cf. Chirr.]

Defn: A vibrant or whirring noise such as that made by some insects, as the cockchafer, or by some birds, as the nightjar, the partridge, etc.

CHURR
Churr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Churred; p. pr. & vb. n. Churr"ing.]

Defn: To make a churr, as a cockchafer.

That's the churring of the nightjar.
Hall Caine.

CHURR
Churr, v. t.

Defn: To utter by churring.

CHURRUS
Chur"rus, n. Etym: [Hind. charas.]

Defn: A powerfully narcotic and intoxicating gum resin which exudes from the flower heads, seeds, etc., of Indian hemp.

CHURRWORM
Churr"worm`, n. Etym: [AS. cyrran, cerran, to turn.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An insect that turns about nimbly; the mole cricket; — called also fan cricket. Johnson.

CHUSE
Chuse, v. t.

Defn: See Choose. [Obs.]

CHUTE
Chute, n. Etym: [F. chute, prop. a fall.]

1. A framework, trough, or tube, upon or through which objects are made to slide from a higher to a lower level, or through which water passes to a wheel.

2. See Shoot.

CHUTNEY; CHUTNEE
Chut"ney, Chut"nee, n. Etym: [Hind. chatni.]

Defn: A warm or spicy condiment or pickle made in India, compounded of various vegetable substances, sweets, acids, etc.

CHYLACEOUS
Chy*la"ceous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Possessed of the properties of chyle; consisting of chyle.

CHYLAQUEOUS
Chy*la"que*ous, a. Etym: [Chyle + aqueous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Consisting of chyle much diluted with water; — said of a liquid which forms the circulating fluid of some inferior animals.

CHYLE Chyle, n. Etym: [NL. chylus, Gr. chyle; prob. akin to E. fuse to melt.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A milky fluid containing the fatty matter of the food in a state of emulsion, or fine mechanical division; formed from chyme by the action of the intestinal juices. It is absorbed by the lacteals, and conveyed into the blood by the thoracic duct.

CHYLIFACTION
Chyl`i*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Chyle + L. facere to make.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The act or process by which chyle is formed from food in animal bodies; chylification, — a digestive process.

CHYLIFACTIVE
Chyl`i*fac"tive, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form chyle.

CHYLIFEROUS
Chy*lif"er*ous, a.

Defn: [Chyle + -ferous: cf. F. chylifère.] (Physiol.) Transmitting or conveying chyle; as, chyliferous vessels.

CHYLIFIC
Chy*lif"ic, a.

Defn: Chylifactive.

CHYLIFICATION
Chyl`i*fi*ca"tion, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: The formation of chyle. See Chylifaction.

CHYLIFICATORY
Chy*lif"i*ca*to*ry ( or ), a.

Defn: Chylifactive.

CHYLIFY
Chy"li*fy, v. t. & i. Etym: [Chyle + -ly.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To make chyle of; to be converted into chyle.

CHYLOPOETIC Chy`lo*po*et"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. chylopoiei^n to make into juice, chylo`s juice, chyle + poiei^n to make.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Concerned in the formation of chyle; as, the chylopoetic organs.

CHYLOUS
Chy"lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. chyleux.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.

CHYLURIA
Chy*lu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. from Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition in which the urine contains chyle or fatty matter, giving it a milky appearance.

CHYME
Chyme, n. Etym: [L. chymus chyle, Gr. chyme. See Chyle.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The pulpy mass of semi-digested food in the small intestines just after its passage from the stomach. It is separated in the intestines into chyle and excrement. See Chyle.

CHYMIC; CHYMIST; CHYMISTRY
Chym"ic, Chym"ist, Chym"is*try. [Obs.]

Defn: See Chemic, Chemist, Chemistry.

CHYMIFEROUS
Chy*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Chyme + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Bearing or containing chyme.

CHYMIFICATION
Chym`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Chyme + L. facere to make: cf. F.
Chymification.] (Physiol.)

Defn: The conversion of food into chyme by the digestive action of gastric juice.

CHYMIFY
Chym"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [Chyme + -fy: cf. F. chymifier.] (Physiol.)

Defn: To form into chyme.

CHYMOUS
Chy"mous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to chyme.

CHYOMETER
Chy*om"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Chem.)

Defn: An instrument for measuring liquids. It consists of a piston moving in a tube in which is contained the liquid, the quantity expelled being indicated by the graduation upon the piston rod.

CIBARIOUS
Ci*ba"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. cibaruus, fr. cibus food.]

Defn: Pertaining to food; edible. Johnson.

CIBATION
Ci*ba"tion, n. Etym: [L. cibatio, fr. cibare to feed.]

1. The act of taking food.

2. (Alchemy)

Defn: The process or operation of feeding the contents of the crucilbe with fresh material. B. Jonson.

CIBOL Cib"ol, n. Etym: [F. ciboule, LL. cepula, cepola, dim. of L. cepa, caepa, caepe, an onion. Cf. Chibbal, Cives.]

Defn: A perennial alliaceous plant (Allium fistulosum), sometimes called Welsh onion. Its fistular leaves areused in cookery.

CIBORIUM
Ci*bo"ri*um, n.: pl. Ciboria. Etym: [LL., fr. L. ciborium a cup, fr.
Gr.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A canopy usually standing free and supported on four columns, covering the high altar, or, very rarely, a secondary altar.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The coffer or case in which the host is kept; the pyx.

CICADA
Ci*ca"da, n.; pl. E. Cicadas, L. Cicadæ. Etym: [L.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Cicada. They are large hemipterous insects, with nearly transparent wings. The male makes a shrill sound by pecular organs in the under side of the abdomen, consisting of a pair of stretched membranes, acted upon by powerful muscles. A noted American species (C. septendecim) is called the seventeen year locust. Another common species is the dogday cicada.

CICALA
Ci*ca"la, n. Etym: [It., fr. L. cicada.]

Defn: A cicada. See Cicada. "At eve a dry cicala sung." Tennison.

CICATRICE
Cic"a*trice, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cicatrix.]

Defn: A cicatrix.

CICATRICIAL
Cic`a*tri"cial, a. (Med.)

Defn: Relating to, or having the character of, a cicatrix. Dunglison.

CICATRICLE Cic"a*tri`cle, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatricule, fr. L. cicatricula a small scar, fr. cicatrix a scar.] (Biol.)

Defn: The germinating point in the embryo of a seed; the point in the yolk of an egg at which development begins.

CICATRISIVE
Cic"a*tri`sive, a.

Defn: Tending to promote the formation of a cicatrix; good for healing of a wound.

CICATRIX
Ci*ca"trix, n.; pl. Cicatrices. Etym: [L.] (Med.)

Defn: The pellicle which forms over a wound or breach of continuity and completes the process of healing in the latter, and which subsequently contracts and becomes white, forming the scar.

CICATRIZANT Cic"a*tri`zant, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatrisant, properly p. pr. of cicatriser.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicine or application that promotes the healing of a sore or wound, or the formation of a cicatrix.

CICATRIZATION
Cic`a*tri*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicatrisation.] (Med.)

Defn: The process of forming a cicatrix, or the state of being cicatrized.

CICATRIZE
Cic"a*trize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cicatrized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cicatrizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. cicatriser, fr. cicatrice, L. cicatrix,
scar.] (Med.)

Defn: To heal or induce the formation of a cicatrix in, as in wounded or ulcerated flesh. Wiseman.

CICATRIZE
Cic"a*trize, v. i. (Med.)

Defn: To heal; to have a new skin.

CICATROSE
Cic"a*trose`, a.

Defn: Full of scars. Craig.

CICELY
Cic"e*ly, n. Etym: [L. seselis, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of several umbelliferous plants, of the genera Myrrhis,
Osmorrhiza, etc.

CICERO
Cic"e*ro, n. (Print.)

Defn: Pica type; — so called by French printers.

CICERONE
Ci`ce*ro"ne, n.; pl. It. Ciceroni, E. Cicerones. Etym: [It., fr. L.
Cicero, the Roman orator. So called from the ordinary talkativeness
of such a guide.]

Defn: One who shows strangers the curiosities of a place; a guide.
Every glib and loquacious hireling who shows strangers about their
picture galleries, palaces, and ruins, is termed by them [the
Italians] a cicerone, or a Cicero. Trench.

CICERONIAN
Cic`e*ro"ni*an, a. Etym: [L. Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the orator.]

Defn: Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent.

CICERONIANISM
Cic`e*ro"ni*an*ism, n.

Defn: Imitation of, or resemblance to, the style or action Cicero; a Ciceronian phrase or expression. "Great study in Ciceronianism, the chief abuse of Oxford." Sir P. Sidney.

CICHORACEOUS
Cich`o*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [See Chicory.]

Defn: Belonging to, or resembling, a suborder of composite plants of which the chicory (Cichorium) is the type.

CICH-PEA
Cich"-pea`, n.

Defn: The chick-pea. Holland.

CICISBEISM
Ci*cis"be*ism, n.

Defn: The state or conduct of a cicisbeo.

CICISBEO
Ci`cis*be"o, n.; pl. It. Cicisbei. Etym: [It.]

1. A professed admirer of a married woman; a dangler about women.

2. A knot of silk or ribbon attached to a fan, walking stick, etc. [Obs.]

CICLATOUN
Cic"la*toun`, n. Etym: [Of. ciclaton.]

Defn: A costly cloth, of uncertain material, used in the Middle Ages.
[Obs.] [Written also checklaton, chekelatoun.]
His robe was of ciclatoun, That coste many a Jane. Chaucer.

CICURATE
Cic"u*rate, v. t. Etym: [L. cicurare to tame, fr. cicur tame.]

Defn: To tame. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

CICURATION
Cic`u*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cicuration.]

Defn: The act of taming. [Obs.] Ray.

CICUTA
Ci*cu"ta, n. Etym: [L., the poison hemlock.] (Bot.)

Defn: a genus of poisonous umbelliferous plants, of which the water hemlock or cowbane is best known.

Note: The name cicuta is sometimes erroneously applied to Conium maculatum, or officinal hemlock.

CICUTOXIN
Cic`u*tox"in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The active principle of the water hemlock (Cicuta) extracted as a poisonous gummy substance.

CID
Cid, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. Ar. seid lord.]

1. Chief or commander; in Spanish literature, a title of Ruy Diaz, Count of Bivar, a champion of Christianity and of the old Spanish royalty, in the 11th century.

2. An epic poem, which celebrates the exploits of the Spanish national hero, Ruy Diaz.

CIDER Ci"der, n. Etym: [F. cidre, OF. sidre, fr. L. sicera a kind of strong drink, Gr. shakar to be intoxicated, shekar strong drink.]

Defn: The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes.

Note: Cider was formerly used to signify the juice of other fruits, and other kinds of strong liquor, but was not applied to wine. Cider brandy, a kind of brandy distilled from cider. — Cider mill, a mill in which cider is made. — Cider press, the press of a cider mill.

CIDERIST
Ci`der*ist, n.

Defn: A maker of cider. [Obs.] Mortimer.

CIDERKIN
Ci"der*kin, n. Etym: [Cider + -kin.]

Defn: A kind of weak cider made by steeping the refuse pomace in
water.
Ciderkin is made for common drinking, and supplies the place of small
beer. Mortimer.

CI-DEVANT
Ci`-de*vant", a. Etym: [F., hitherto, formerly.]

Defn: Former; previous; of times gone by; as, a cidevant governor.

CIERGE
Cierge, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. cera wax.]

Defn: A wax candle used in religous rites.

CIGAR Ci*gar", n. Etym: [Sp. cigarro, orig., a kind of tobacco in the island of Cuba: cf. F. cigare.]

Defn: A small roll of tobacco, used for smoking. Cigar fish (Zoöl.), a fish (Decapterus punctatus), allied to the mackerel, found on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

CIGARETTE
Cig`a*rette", n. Etym: [F. cigarette.]

Defn: A little cigar; a little fine tobacco rolled in paper for smoking.

CILIA Cil"i*a, n. pl. Cilium, the sing., is rarely used. Etym: [L. cilium eyelid.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: The eyelashes.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Small, generally microscopic, vibrating appendages lining certain organs, as the air passages of the higher animals, and in the lower animals often covering also the whole or a part of the exterior. They are also found on some vegetable organisms. In the Infusoria, and many larval forms, they are locomotive organs.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Hairlike processes, commonly marginal and forming a fringe like the eyelash.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Small, vibratory, swimming organs, somewhat resembling true cilia, as those of Ctenophora.

CILIARY
Cil"ia*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ciliaire.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the cilia, or eyelashes. Also applied to special parts of the eye itself; as, the ciliary processes of the choroid coat; the ciliary muscle, etc.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to or connected with the cilia in animal or vegetable organisms; as, ciliary motion.

CILIATA
Cil`i*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Cilia.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Infusoria, characterized by having cilia. In some species the cilia cover the body generally, in others they form a band around the mouth.

CILIATE; CILIATED
Cil"i*ate, Cil"i*a`ted, a.

Defn: Provided with, or surrounded by, cilia; as, a ciliate leaf; endowed with vibratory motion; as, the ciliated epithelium of the windpipe.

CILICE
Cil"ice, n. Etym: [F. See Cilicious.]

Defn: A kind of haircloth undergarment. Southey.

CILICIAN
Ci*li"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Cilicia in Asia Minor.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Cilicia.

CILICIOUS
Ci*li"cious, a. Etym: [L. cilicium a covering, orig. made of Cilician
goat's hair, fr. Cilicious Cilician, fr. Cilicia, a province of Asia
Minor.]

Defn: Made, or consisting, of hair. [Obs.]
A Cilicious or sackcloth habit. Sir T. Browne.

CILIFORM; CILIIFORM
Cil"i*form, Cil"i*i*form`, a. Etym: [Cilium + -form]

Defn: Having the form of cilia; very fine or slender.

CILIOGRADE Cil"i*o*grade, a. Etym: [Cilium + L. gradi to step: cf. F. ciliograde.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Moving by means of cilia, or cilialike organs; as, the ciliograde Medusæ.

CILIUM
Cil"i*um, n. Etym: [L., eyelid.]

Defn: See Cilia.

CILL
Cill, n.

Defn: See Sill., n. a foundation.

CILLOSIS
Cil*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cilium eyelid.] (Med.)

Defn: A spasmodic trembling of the upper eyelid.

CIMA
Ci"ma, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of molding. See Cyma.

CIMAR
Ci*mar", n.

Defn: See Simar.

CIMBAL
Cim"bal, n. Etym: [It. ciambella.]

Defn: A kind of confectionery or cake. [Obs.] Nares.

CIMBIA
Cim"bi*a, n. (Arch.)

Defn: A fillet or band placed around the shaft of a column as if to strengthen it. [Written also cimia.]

CIMBRIAN
Cim"bri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cimbri.
— n.

Defn: One of the Cimbri. See Cimbric.

CIMBRIC
Cim"bric, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the Cimbri, an ancient tribe inhabiting Northern Germany. — n.

Defn: The language of the Cimbri.

CIMELIARCH
Ci*me"li*arch, n. Etym: [L. cimeliarcha, Gr.

Defn: A superintendent or keeper of a church's valuables; a churchwarden. [Obs.] Bailey.

CIMETER
Cim"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Scimiter.

CIMEX
Ci"mex, n.; pl. Cimices. Etym: [L., a bug.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hemipterous insects of which the bedbug is the best known example. See Bedbug.

CIMIA
Cim"i*a, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Cimbia.

CIMISS
Ci"miss, n. Etym: [L. cimex, -icis, a bug.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bedbug. [Obs.] Wright.

CIMMERIAN
Cim*me"ri*an, a. Etym: [L. Cimmerius.] [Written also Kimmerian.]

1. Pertaining to the Cimmerii, a fabulous people, said to have lived, in very ancient times, in profound and perpetual darkness.

2. Without any light; intensely dark. In dark Cimmerian desert ever dwell. Milton.

CIMOLITE
Cim"o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. Cimolus, an island of the Cyclades.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft, earthy, clayey mineral, of whitish or grayish color.

CINCH
Cinch, n. Etym: [Sp. cincha, fr. L. cingere to gird.]

1. A strong saddle girth, as of canvas. [West. U. S.]

2. A tight grip. [Colloq.]

CINCHONA Cin*cho"na, n. Etym: [So named from the wife of Count Chinchon, viceroy of Peru in the seventeenth century, who by its use was freed from an intermittent fever, and after her return to Spain, contributed to the general propagation of this remedy.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees growing naturally on the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, but now cultivated in the East Indies, producing a medicinal bark of great value.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The bark of any species of cinchona containing three per cent. or more of bitter febrifuge alkaloids; Peruvian bark; Jesuits' bark.

CINCHONACEOUS
Cin`cho*na"ceous, a.

Defn: Allied or pertaining to cinchona, or to the plants that produce it.

CINCHONIC
Cin*chon"ic, a.

Defn: Belonging to, or obtained from, cinchona. Mayne.

CINCHONIDINE
Cin*chon"i*dine, n. Etym: [From Cinchona.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the quinine group of alkaloids, found especially in red cinchona bark. It is a white crystalline substance, C19H22N2O, with a bitter taste and qualities similar to, but weaker than, quinine; — sometimes called also cinchonidia.

CINCHONINE
Cin"cho*nine, n. Etym: [From Cinchona: cf. F. cinchonine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of the quinine group of alkaloids isomeric with and resembling cinchonidine; — called also cinchonia.

CINCHONISM
Cin"cho*nism, n. Etym: [From Cinchona.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition produced by the excessive or long-continued use of quinine, and marked by deafness, roaring in the ears, vertigo, etc.

CINCHONIZE
Cin"cho*nize, v. t.

Defn: To produce cinchonism in; to poison with quinine or with cinchona.

CINCINNATI EPOCH
Cin`cin*na"ti ep"och. (Geol.)

Defn: An epoch at the close of the American lower Silurian system. The rocks are well developed near Cincinnati, Ohio. The group includes the Hudson River and Lorraine shales of New york.

CINCINNUS Cin*cin"nus, n.; pl. -ni (#). [Also cicinus, cicinnus.] [L., a curl of hair.] (Bot.)

Defn: A form of monochasium in which the lateral branches arise alternately on opposite sides of the false axis; — called also scorpioid cyme. —Cin*cin"nal (#), a.

CINCTURE
Cinc"ture, n. Etym: [L. cinctura, fr. cingere, cinctum, to gird.]

1. A belt, a girdle, or something worn round the body, — as by an ecclesiastic for confining the alb.

2. That which encompasses or incloses; an inclosure. "Within the cincture of one wall." Bacon.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.

CINCTURED
Cinc"tured, n.

Defn: Having or wearing a cincture or gridle.

CINDER
Cin"der, n. Etym: [AS. sinder slag, dross; akin to Icel. sindr dross,
Sw. sinder, G. sinter, D. sintel; perh. influenced by F. cendre
ashes, fr. L. cinis. Cf. Sinter.]

1. Partly burned or vitrified coal, or other combustible, in which fire is extinct.

2. A hot coal without flame; an ember. Swift.

3. A scale thrown off in forging metal.

4. The slag of a furnace, or scoriaceous lava from a volcano. Cinder frame, a framework of wire in front of the tubes of a locomotive, to arrest the escape of cinders. — Cinder notch (Metal.), the opening in a blast furnace, through which melted cinder flows out.

CINDERY
Cin"der*y, a.

Defn: Resembling, or composed of, cinders; full of cinders.

CINEFACTION Cin`e*fac"tion, n. Etym: [LL. cinefactio: L. cinis ashes + facere to make: cf. F. cinéfaction.]

Defn: Cineration; reduction to ashes. [Obs.]

CINEMATIC; CINEMATICAL
Cin`e*mat"ic, Cin`e*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: See Kinematic.

CINEMATICS
Cin`e*mat"ics, n. sing.

Defn: See Kinematics.

CINEMATOGRAPH
Cin`e*mat"o*graph, n. [Gr. , , motion + -graph.]

1.

Defn: A machine, combining magic lantern and kinetoscope features, for projecting on a screen a series of pictures, moved rapidly (25 to 50 a second) and intermittently before an objective lens, and producing by persistence of vision the illusion of continuous motion; a moving-picture machine; also, any of several other machines or devices producing moving pictorial effects. Other common names for the cinematograph are animatograph, biograph, bioscope, electrograph, electroscope, kinematograph, kinetoscope, veriscope, vitagraph, vitascope, zoögyroscope, zoöpraxiscope, etc.

The cinematograph, invented by Edison in 1894, is the result of the introduction of the flexible film into photography in place of glass. Encyc. Brit.

2. A camera for taking chronophotographs for exhibition by the instrument described above.

CINEMATOGRAPHER
Cin`e*ma*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who exhibits moving pictures or who takes chronophotographs by the cinematograph. — Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic (#), a. — Cin`e*mat`o*graph"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

CINEMOGRAPH
Ci*ne"mo*graph, n. [Gr. motion + -graph.]

Defn: An integrating anemometer.

CINERACEOUS
Cin`er*a"ceous, a. Etym: [L. cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Like ashes; ash-colored; cinerous.

CINERARIA
Cin`e*ra"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. LL. cinerarius pert. to ashes, fr.
cinis ashes. So called from the ash-colored down on the leaves.]
(Bot.)

Defn: A Linnæan genus of free-flowering composite plants, mostly from
South Africa. Several species are cultivated for ornament.

CINERARY
Cin"er*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. cinerarius, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Pertaining to ashes; containing ashes. Cinerary urns, vessels used by the ancients to preserve the ashes of the dead when burned.

CINERATION
Cin`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. cinis ashes: cf. F. cinération.]

Defn: The reducing of anything to ashes by combustion; cinefaction.

CINEREOUS
Ci*ne"re*ous, a. Etym: [L. cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish.

CINERESCENT
Cin`er*es"cent, a.

Defn: Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood ashes.

CINERITIOUS Cin`er*i"tious, a. Etym: [L. cineritius, cinericius, fr. cinis ashes.]

Defn: Like ashes; having the color of ashes, — as the cortical substance of the brain.

CINERULENT
Ci*ner"u*lent, a.

Defn: Full of ashes. [Obs.]

CINGALESE
Cin`ga*lese", n. sing. & pl. Etym: [Cf. F. Cingalais.]

Defn: A native or natives of Ceylon descended from its primitive inhabitants; also (sing.),

Defn: the language of the Cingalese.
— a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cingalese. [Written also Singhalese.]

Note: Ceylonese is applied to the inhabitants of the island in general.

CINGLE
Cin"gle, n. Etym: [L. cingula, cingulum, fr. cingere to gird.]

Defn: A girth. [R.] See Surcingle.

CINGULUM Cin"gu*lum, n. Etym: [L., a girdle.] (Zoöl.) (a) A distinct girdle or band of color; a raised spiral line as seen on certain univalve shells. (b) The clitellus of earthworms. (c) The base of the crown of a tooth.

CINNABAR
Cin"na*bar, n. Etym: [L. cinnabaris, Gr. qinbar, Hind. shangarf.]

1. (Min.)

Defn: Red sulphide of mercury, occurring in brilliant red crystals, and also in red or brown amorphous masses. It is used in medicine.

2. The artificial red sulphide of mercury used as a pigment; vermilion. Cinnabar Græcorum (. Etym: [L. Graecorum, gen. pl., of the Greeks.] (Med.) Same as Dragon's blood. — Green cinnabar, a green pigment consisting of the oxides of cobalt and zinc subjected to the action of fire. — Hepatic cinnabar (Min.), an impure cinnabar of a liver-brown color and submetallic luster.

CINNABARINE
Cin"na*ba*rine, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cinabarin.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, cinnabar; consisting of cinnabar, or containing it; as, cinnabarine sand.

CINNAMENE
Cin"na*mene, n. Etym: [From Cinnamic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Styrene (which was formerly called cinnamene because obtained from cinnamic acid). See Styrene.

CINNAMIC
Cin*nam"ic, a. Etym: [From Cinnamon.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, cinnamon. Cinnamic acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, odorless substance. C6H5.C2H2C2H2.CO2H, formerly obtained from storax and oil of cinnamon, now made from certain benzene derivatives in large quantities, and used for the artificial production of indigo.

CINNAMOMIC
Cin`na*mom"ic, a. Etym: [L. cinnamomum cinnamon.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Cinnamic.

CINNAMON Cin"na*mon, n. Etym: [Heb. qinnamon; cf. Gr. cinnamomum, cinnamon. The Heb. word itself seems to have been borrowed from some other language; cf. Malay kaju manis sweet wood.] (a) The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, a tree growing in Ceylon. It is aromatic, of a moderately pungent taste, and is one of the best cordial, carminative, and restorative spices. (b) Cassia. Cinnamon stone (Min.), a variety of garnet, of a cinnamon or hyacinth red color, sometimes used in jewelry. — Oil of cinnamon, a colorless aromatic oil obtained from cinnamon and cassia, and consisting essentially of cinnamic aldehyde, C6H5.C2H2.CHO. — Wild cinnamon. See Canella.

CINNAMONE
Cin"na*mone, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + -one.]

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, (C6H5.C2H2)2CO, the ketone of cinnamic acid.

CINNAMYL
Cin"na*myl, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical, (C6H5.C2H2)2C, of cinnamic compounds.
[Formerly written also cinnamule.]

CINNOLINE
Cin"no*line, n. Etym: [Cinnamic + quinoline.]

Defn: A nitrogenous organic base, C8H6N2, analogous to quinoline, obtained from certain complex diazo compounds.

CINQUE
Cinque, n. Etym: [F. cinq, fr. L. quinque five. See Five.]

Defn: Five; the number five in dice or cards.

CINQUECENTIST
Cin`que*cen"tist, n.

1. An Italian of the sixteenth century, esp. a poet or artist.

2. A student or imitator of the art or literature of the Cinquecento.

CINQUECENTO Cin`que*cen"to, n. & a. Etym: [It., five hundred, abbrev. for fifteen hundred. The Cinquecento style was so called because it arose after the year 1500.]

Defn: The sixteenth century, when applied to Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of the Cinquecento; Cinquecento style.

CINQUEFOIL
Cinque"foil`, n. Etym: [Cinque five + foil, F. feuille leaf. See
Foil.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The name of several different species of the genus Potentilla; — also called five-finger, because of the resemblance of its leaves to the fingers of the hand.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornamental foliation having five points or cups, used in windows, panels, etc. Gwilt. Marsh cinquefoil, the Potentilla palustris, a plant with purple flowers which grows in fresh-water marshes.

CINQUE-PACE
Cinque"-pace`, n. Etym: [Cinque + pace.]

Defn: A lively dance (called also galliard), the steps of which were regulated by the number five. [Obs.] Nares. Shak.

CINQUE PORTS
Cinque" Ports`. Etym: [Cinque + port.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: Five English ports, to which peculiar privileges were anciently accorded; — viz., Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich; afterwards increased by the addition of Winchelsea, Rye, and some minor places. Baron of the Cinque Ports. See under Baron.

CINQUE-SPOTTED
Cinque"-spot`ted, a.

Defn: Five-spotted. [R.] Shak.

CINTER
Cin"ter, n. Etym: [F. cintre.] (Arch.)

Defn: See Center.

CINURA
Ci*nu"ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The group of Thysanura which includes Lepisma and allied forms; the bristletails. See Bristletail, and Lepisma.

CION
Ci"on, n. Etym: [OF. cion. See Scion.]

Defn: See Scion. The cion overruleth the stock; and the stock is but passive, and giveth aliment, but no motion, to the graft. Bacon.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, n. Etym: [OF. cifre zero, F. Chiffre figure (cf. Sp.cifra,
LL. cifra), fr. Ar. çifrun, çafrun, empty, cipher, zero, fr. çafira
to be empty. Cf. Zero.]

1. (Arith.)

Defn: A character which, standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when placed at the right hand of a whole number, increases its value tenfold.

2. One who, or that which, has no weight or influence. Here he was a mere cipher. W. Irving.

3. A character in general, as a figure or letter. [Obs.] This wisdom began to be written in ciphers and characters and letters bearing the forms of creatures. Sir W. Raleigh.

4. A combination or interweaving of letters, as the initials of a name; a device; a monogram; as, a painter's cipher, an engraver's cipher, etc. The cut represents the initials N. W.

5. A private alphabet, system of characters, or other mode of writing, contrived for the safe transmission of secrets; also, a writing in such characters. His father . . . engaged him when he was very young to write all his letters to England in cipher. Bp. Burnet. Cipher key, a key to assist in reading writings in cipher.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, a.

Defn: Of the nature of a cipher; of no weight or influence. "Twelve cipher bishops." Milton.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ciphered; p. pr. & vb. n. Ciphering.]

Defn: To use figures in a mathematical process; to do sums in
arithmetic.
"T was certain he could write and cipher too. Goldsmith.

CIPHER
Ci"pher, v. t.

1. To write in occult characters. His notes he ciphered with Greek characters. Hayward.

2. To get by ciphering; as, to cipher out the answer.

3. To decipher. [Obs.] Shak.

4. To designate by characters. [Obs.] Shak.

CIPHERER
Ci"pher*er, n.

Defn: One who ciphers.

CIPHERHOOD
Ci"pher*hood, n.

Defn: Nothingness. [R.] Goodwin.

CIPOLIN Cip"o*lin, n. Etym: [It. cippollino, prop., a little onion, fr. cipolla onion (cf. E. cibol). So called because its veins consist, like onions, of different strata, one lying upon another.] (Min.)

Defn: A whitish marble, from Rome, containiing pale greenish zones.
It consists of calcium carbonate, with zones and cloudings of talc.

CIPPUS
Cip"pus, n.; pl. Cippi. Etym: [L., stake, post.]

Defn: A small, low pillar, square or round, commonly having an inscription, used by the ancients for various purposes, as for indicating the distances of places, for a landmark, for sepulchral inscriptions, etc. Gwilt.

CIRC
Circ, n. Etym: [See Circus.]

Defn: An amphitheatrical circle for sports; a circus. [R.] T. Warton.

CIRCAR
Cir*car", n. Etym: [See Sircar.]

Defn: A district, or part of a province. See Sircar. [India]

CIRCASSIAN
Cir*cas"sian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Circassia, in Asia.
— n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Circassia.

CIRCEAN
Cir*ce"an, a. Etym: [L. Circaeus.]

Defn: Having the characteristics of Circe, daughter of Sol and Perseis, a mythological enchantress, who first charmed her victims and then changed them to the forms of beasts; pleasing, but noxious; as, a Circean draught.

CIRCENSIAL; CIRCENSIAN Cir*cen"sial, Cir*cen"sian, a. Etym: [L. Circensis, ludi Circenses, the games in the Circus Maximus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to, or held in, the Circus, In Rome.
The pleasure of the Circensian shows. Holyday.

CIRCINAL
Cir"ci*nal, a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Circinate.

CIRCINATE Cir"ci*nate, a. Etym: [L. circinatus, p. p. of circinare to make round, fr. circinus a pair of compasses, from Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Rolled together downward, the tip occupying the center; — a term used in reference to foliation or leafing, as in ferns. Gray.

CIRCINATE
Cir"ci*nate, v. t.

Defn: To make a circle around; to encompass. [Obs.] Bailey.

CIRCINATION
Cir`ci*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. circinatio circle.]

1. An orbicular motion. [Obs.] bailey.

2. A circle; a concentric layer. [Obs.] "The circinations and spherical rounds of onions." Sir T. Browne.

CIRCLE Cir"cle, n. Etym: [OE. cercle, F. cercle, fr. L. circulus (Whence also AS. circul), dim. of circus circle, akin to Gr. Circus, Circum- .]

1. A plane figure, bounded by a single curve line called its circumference, every part of which is equally distant from a point within it, called the center.

2. The line that bounds sush a figure; a circumference; a ring.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument of observation, the graduated limb of which consists of an entire circle.