Chapter Chap"ter, v. t (part 3)

Defn: One who codifies.

CODIFY
Co"di*fy ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Codified; p. pr. & vb. n.
Codifying.] Etym: [Code + -fy: cf. F. codifier.]

Defn: To reduce to a code, as laws.

CODILLA Co*dil"la, n. Etym: [Cf. L. codicula a little tail, dim. of cauda tail.] (Com.)

Defn: The coarse tow of flax and hemp. McElrath.

CODILLE
Co*dille", n. Etym: [F. codile.]

Defn: A term at omber, signifying that the game is won. Pope.

CODIST
Co"dist, n.

Defn: A codifier; a maker of codes. [R.]

CODLE
Co"dle, v. t.

Defn: See Coddle.

CODLIN; CODLING Cod"lin, Cod"ling, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. codæppel a quince.] (a) An apple fit to stew or coddle. (b) An immature apple. A codling when 't is almost an apple. Shak. Codling moth (Zoöl.), a small moth (Carpocapsa Pomonella), which in the larval state (known as the apple worm) lives in apples, often doing great damage to the crop.

CODLING
Cod"ling, n. Etym: [Dim. of cod the fish.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young cod; also, a hake.

COD LIVER
Cod" liv`er, n.

Defn: The liver of the common cod and allied species. Cod-liver oil, an oil obtained fron the liver of the codfish, and used extensively in medicine as a means of supplying the body with fat in cases of malnutrition.

CODPIECE
Cod"piece`, n. Etym: [Cod, n., piece.]

Defn: A part of male dress in front of the breeches, formerly made very conspicuous. Shak. Fosbroke.

COECILIAN
Coe*cil"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Cæcilian.

COEDUCATION
Co*ed`u*ca"tion, n.

Defn: An educating together, as of persons of different sexes or races. Co*ed`u*ca"tion*al (, a.

COEFFICACY
Co*ef"fi*ca*cy, n.

Defn: Joint efficacy.

COEFFICIENCY
Co`ef*fi"cien*cy, n.

Defn: Joint efficiency; coöperation. Glanvill.

COEFFICIENT
Co`ef*fi"cient, a.

Defn: Coöperating; acting together to produce an effect.
Co`ef*fi"cient*ly, adv.

COEFFICIENT
Co`ef*fi"cient, n.

1. That which unites in action with something else to produce the same effect.

2. Etym: [Cf. F. coefficient.] (Math.)

Defn: A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and b are coefficients of x.

3. (Physics)

Defn: A number, commonly used in computation as a factor, expressing the amount of some change or effect under certain fixed conditions as to temperature, length, volume, etc.; as, the coefficient of expansion; the coefficient of friction. Arbitrary coefficient (Math.), a literal coefficient placed arbitrarily in an algebraic, expression, the value of the coefficient being afterwards determined by the conditions of the problem.

COEHORN
Coe"horn, n. Etym: [From its inventor, Baron Coehorn.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small bronze mortar mounted on a wooden block with handles, and light enough to be carried short distances by two men.

COELACANTH
Coel"a*canth ( or , a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having hollow spines, as some ganoid fishes.

COELECTRON
Co`e*lec"tron, n.

Defn: See Electron.

COELENTERA; COELENTERATA
Coe*len"te*ra or Coe*len`te*ra"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group of Invertebrata, mostly marine, comprising the Anthozoa, Hydrozoa, and Ctenophora. The name implies that the stomach and body cavities are one. The group is sometimes enlarged so as to include the sponges.

COELENTERATE
Coe*len"ter*ate, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Belonging to the Coelentra.
— n.

Defn: One of the Coelentera.

COELIA
Coe"li*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A cavity.

Note: The word is applied to the ventricles of the brain, the different venticles being indicated by prefixes like those characterizing the parts of the brain in which the cavities are found; as, epicoelia, mesocoelia, metacoelia, procoelia, etc. B. G. Wilder.

COELIAC; CELIAC
Coe"li*ac, Ce"li*ac, a. Etym: [L. coeliacus, Gr.

Defn: Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen. Coeliac artery (Anat.), the artery which issues from the aorta just below the diaphragm; — called also coeliac axis. — Coeliac flux, Coeliac passion (Med.), a chronic flux or diarrhea of undigested food.

COELODONT
Coe"lo*dont, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having hollow teeth; — said of a group lizards.
— n.

Defn: One of a group of lizards having hollow teeth.

COELOSPERMOUS
Coel`o*sper"mous ( or , a. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Hollow-seeded; having the ventral face of the seedlike carpels incurved at the ends, as in coriander seed.

COELUM
Coe"lum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: See Body cavity, under Body.

COEMPTION
Co*emp"tion, n. Etym: [L. coëmptio, fr. coëmere to buy up. See
Emption.]

Defn: The act of buying the whole quantity of any commodity. [R.]
Bacon.

COENDOO
Co*en"doo, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Brazilian porcupine (Cercolades, or Sphingurus, prehensiles), remarkable for its prehensile tail.

COENENCHYM; COENENCHYMA Coe*nen"chym, Coe*nen"chy*ma n. Etym: [NL. coenenchyma, fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tissue which unites the polyps or zooids of a compound anthozoan or coral. It may be soft or more or less ossified. See Coral.

COENESTHESIS
Coen`es*the"sis ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Common sensation or general sensibility, as distinguished from the special sensations which are located in, or ascribed to, separate organs, as the eye and ear. It is supposed to depend on the ganglionic system.

COENOBITE
Coen"o*bite ( or ), n.

Defn: See Cenobite.

COENOECIUM
Coe*noe"ci*um ( or ), n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common tissue which unites the various zooids of a bryozoan.

COENOGAMY
Coe*nog"a*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The state of a community which permits promiscuous sexual intercourse among its members; — as in certain primitive tribes or communistic societies. [Written also cenogamy.]

COENOSARC
Coen"o*sarc ( or ), n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The common soft tissue which unites the polyps of a compound hydroid. See Hydroidea.

COENURUS
Coe*nu"rus, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larval stage of a tapeworm (Tænia coenurus) which forms bladderlike sacs in the brain of sheep, causing the fatal disease known as water brain, vertigo, staggers or gid.

Note: This bladder worm has on its surface numerous small heads, each of which, when swallowed by a dog, becomes a mature tapeworm in the dog's intestine.

COEQUAL
Co*e"qual, a. Etym: [L. coaequalis; co- + aequalis equal.]

Defn: Being on an equality in rank or power.
— n.

Defn: One who is on an equality with another. In once he come to be a cardinal, He'll make his cap coequal with the crown. Shak.

COEQUALITY
Co`e*qual"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state of being on an equality, as in rank or power.

COEQUALLY
Co*e"qual*ly, adv.

Defn: With coequality.

COERCE
Co*erce", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coerced; p. pr. & vb. n. Coercing.]
Etym: [L. coërcere; co- + arcere to shut up, to press together. See
Ark.]

1. To restrain by force, especially by law or authority; to repress;
to curb. Burke.
Punishments are manifold, that they may coerce this profligate sort.
Ayliffe.

2. To compel or constrain to any action; as, to coerce a man to vote for a certain candidate.

3. To compel or enforce; as, to coerce obedience.

Syn. — To Coerce, Compel. To compel denotes to urge on by force which cannot be resisted. The term aplies equally to physical and moral force; as, compelled by hunger; compelled adverse circumstances; compelled by parental affection. Coerce had at first only the negative sense of checking or restraining by force; as, to coerce a bad man by punishments or a prisoner with fetters. It has now gained a positive sense., viz., that of driving a person into the performance of some act which is required of him by another; as, to coerce a man to sign a contract; to coerce obedience. In this sense (which is now the prevailing one), coerce differs but little from compel, and yet there is a distinction between them. Coercion is usually acomplished by indirect means, as threats and intimidation, physical force being more rarely employed in coercing.

COERCIBLE
Co"er"ci*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being coerced.
— Co*er"ci*ble*ness, n.

COERCION
Co*er"cion, n. Etym: [L. coercio, fr. coercere. See Coerce.]

1. The act or process of coercing.

2. (Law)

Defn: The application to another of either physical or moral force. When the force is physical, and cannot be resisted, then the act produced by it is a nullity, so far as concerns the party coerced. When the force is moral, then the act, though voidable, is imputable to the party doing it, unless he be so paralyzed by terror as to act convulsively. At the same time coercion is not negatived by the fact of submission under force. "Coactus volui" (I consented under compulsion) is the condition of mind which, when there is volition forced by coercion, annuls the result of such coercion. Wharton.

COERCITIVE
Co*er"ci*tive, a.

Defn: Coercive. "Coercitive power in laws." Jer. Taylor.

COERCIVE
Co*er"cive, a.

Defn: Serving or intended to coerce; having power to constrain. — Co*er"cive*ly, adv. — Co*er"cive*ness, n. Coercive power can only influence us to outward practice. Bp. Warburton. Coercive or Coercitive force (Magnetism), the power or force which in iron or steel produces a slowness or difficulty in imparting magnetism to it, and also interposes an obstacle to the return of a bar to its natural state when active magnetism has ceased. It plainly depends on the molecular constitution of the metal. Nichol. The power of resisting magnetization or demagnization is sometimes called coercive force. S. Thompson.

COERULIGNONE Coe`ru*lig"none, n. Etym: [L. coeruleus cerulean + lignum wood + E. quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bluish violet, crystalline substance obtained in the purification of crude wood vinegar. It is regarded as a complex quinone derivative of diphenyl; — called also cedriret.

COESSENTIAL
Co`es*sen"tial, a.

Defn: Partaking of the same essence.
— Co`es*sen"tial*ly, adv.
We bless and magnify that coessential Spirit, eternally proceeding
from both [The Father and the Son]. Hooker.

COESSENTIALITY
Co`es*sen`ti*al"i*ty ( or ; 106), n.

Defn: Participation of the same essence. Johnson.

COESTABLISHMENT
Co`es*tab"lish*ment, n.

Defn: Joint establishment. Bp. Watson.

COESTATE
Co`es*tate", n.

Defn: Joint estate. Smolett.

COETANEAN
Co`e*ta"ne*an, n.

Defn: A personcoetaneous with another; a contemporary. [R.]
A . . . coetanean of the late earl of SouthamptoAubrey.

COETANEOUS
Co`e*ta"ne*ous, a. Etym: [L. coaetaneus; co- + aetas age.]

Defn: Of the same age; beginning to exist at the same time;
contemporaneous.
— Co`e*ta"ne*ous*ly, adv.
And all [members of the body] are coetaneous. Bentley.

COETERNAL
Co`e*ter"nal, a.

Defn: Equally eternal.
— Co`e*ter"nal*ly, adv.
Hail, holy Light, offspring of Heaven first born! Or of the Eternal
coeternal beam. Milton.

COETERNITY
Co`e*ter"ni*ty, n.

Defn: Existence from eternity equally with another eternal being; equal eternity.

COEVAL Co*e"val, a. Etym: [L. coaevus; co- + aevum lifetime, age. See Age, n.]

Defn: Of the same age; existing during the same period of time,
especially time long and remote; — usually followed by with.
Silence! coeval with eternity! Pope.
Oaks coeval spread a mournful shade. Cowper.

COEVAL
Co*e"val, n.

Defn: One of the same age; a contemporary.
As if it were not enough to have outdone all your coevals in wit.
Pope.

COEVOUS
Co*e"vous, a.

Defn: Coeaval [Obs.] South.

COEXECUTOR
Co`ex*ec"u*tor, n.

Defn: A joint executor.

COEXECUTRIX
Co`ex*ec"u*trix, n.

Defn: A joint executrix.

COEXIST
Co`ex*ist, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coexisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coexisting.]

Defn: To exist at the same time; — sometimes followed by with. Of substances no one has any clear idea, farther than of certain simple ideas coexisting together. Locke. So much purity and integrity . . . coexisting with so much decay and so many infirmities. Warburton.

COEXISTENCE
Co`ex*ist"ence, n.

Defn: Existence at the same time with another; — contemporary
existence.
Without the help, or so much as the coexistence, of any condition.
Jer. Taylor.

COEXISTENT
Co`ex*ist"ent, a.

Defn: Existing at the same time with another.
— n.

Defn: That which coexists with another.
The law of coexistent vibrations. Whewell.

COEXISTING
Co`ex*ist"ing, a.

Defn: Coexistent. Locke.

COEXTEND
Co`ex*tend, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coextended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coextending.]

Defn: To extend through the same space or time with another; to extend to the same degree. According to which the least body may be coextended with the greatest. Boyle. Has your English language one single word that is coextended through all these significations Bentley.

COEXTENSION
Co`ex*ten"sion, n.

Defn: The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended.

COEXTENSIVE
Co`ex*ten"sive, a.

Defn: Equally extensive; having as, consciousness and knowledge are
coextensive. Sir W. Hamilton.
— Co`ex*ten"sive*ly, adv.
— Co`ex*ten"sive*ness, n.

COFFEE Cof"fee, n. Etym: [Turk. qahveh, Ar. qahuah wine, coffee, a decoction of berries. Cf. Café.]

1. The "beans" or "berries" (pyrenes) obtained from the drupes of a small evergreen tree of the genus Coffea, growing in Abyssinia, Arabia, Persia, and other warm regions of Asia and Africa, and also in tropical America.

2. The coffee tree.

Note: There are several species of the coffee tree, as, Coffea Arabica, C. occidentalis, and C. Liberica. The white, fragrant flowers grow in clusters at the root of the leaves, and the fruit is a red or purple cherrylike drupe, with sweet pulp, usually containing two pyrenes, commercially called "beans" or "berries".

3. The beverage made from the roasted and ground berry. They have in Turkey a drink called coffee . . . This drink comforteth the brain and heart, and helpeth digestion. Bacon.

Note: The use of coffee is said to have been introduced into England about 1650, when coffeehouses were opened in Oxford and London. Coffee bug (Zoöl.), a species of scale insect (Lecanium coffæa), often very injurious to the coffee tree. — Coffee rat (Zoöl.) See Musang.

COFFEEHOUSE
Cof"fee*house`, n.

Defn: A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments, and where men meet for conversation. The coffeehouse must not be dismissed with a cursory mention. It might indeed, at that time, have been not improperly called a most important political institution . . . The coffeehouses were the chief organs through which the public opinion of the metropolis vented itself . . . Every man of the upper or middle class went daily to his coffeehouse to learn the news and discuss it. Every coffeehouse had one or more orators, to whose eloquence the crowd listened with admiration, and who soon became what the journalists of our own time have been called — a fourth estate of the realm. Macaulay.

COFFEEMAN
Cof"fee*man, n.

Defn: One who keeps a coffeehouse. Addison.

COFFEEPOT
Cof"fee*pot, n.

Defn: A covered pot im which coffee is prepared,

COFFEEROOM
Cof"fee*room`, n.

Defn: A public room where coffee and other refreshments may be obtained.

COFFER
Cof"fer, n. Etym: [OF. cofre, F. coffre, L. cophinus basket, fr. Gr.
Coffin, n.]

1. A casket, chest, or trunk; especially, one used for keeping money or other valuables. Chaucer. In ivory coffers I have stuffed my crowns. Shak.

2. Fig.: Treasure or funds; — usually in the plural.
He would discharge it without any burden to the queen's coffers, for
honor sake. Bacon.
Hold, here is half my coffer. Shak.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A panel deeply recessed in the ceiling of a vault, dome, or portico; a caisson.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: A trench dug in the botton of a dry moat, and extending across it, to enable the besieged to defend it by a raking fire.

5. The chamber of a canal lock; also, a caisson or a cofferdam. Coffer dam. (Engin.) See Cofferdam, in the Vocabulary. — Coffer fish. (Zoöl.) See Cowfish.

COFFER
Cof"fer, v. t.

1. To put into a coffer. Bacon.

2. (Mining.)

Defn: To secure from leaking, as a chaft, by ramming clay behind the masonry or timbering. Raymond.

3. To form with or in a coffer or coffers; to turnish with a coffer or coffers.

COFFERDAM
Cof"fer*dam, n.

Defn: A water-tight inclosure, as of piles packed with clay, from which the water is pumped to expose the bottom (of a river, etc.) and permit the laying of foundations, building of piers, etc.

COFFERER
Cof"fer*er, n.

Defn: One who keeps treasures in a coffer. [R.]

COFFERWORK
Cof"fer*work`, n. (Masonry)

Defn: Rubblework faced with stone. Knight.

COFFIN Cof"fin, n. Etym: [OE., a basket, receptacle, OF. cofin, fr. L. cophinus. See Coffer, n.]

1. The case in which a dead human body is inclosed for burial. They embalmed him [Joseph], and he was put in a coffin. Gen. 1. 26.

2. A basket. [Obs.] Wyclif (matt. xiv. 20).

3. A casing or crust, or a mold, of pastry, as for a pie. Of the paste a coffin I will rear. Shak.

4. A conical paper bag, used by grocers. [Obs.] Nares.

5. (Far.)

Defn: The hollow crust or hoof of a horse's foot, below the coronet, in which is the coffin bone. Coffin bone, the foot bone of the horse and allied animals, inclosed within the hoof, and corresponding to the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals. — Coffin joint, the joint next above the coffin bone.

COFFIN
Cof"fin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coffined; p. pr. & vb. n. Coffining.]

Defn: To inclose in, or as in, a coffin.
Would'st thou have laughed, had I come coffined home Shak.
Devotion is not coffined in a cell. John Hall (1646).

COFFINLESS
Cof"fin*less, a.

Defn: Having no coffin.

COFFLE
Cof"fle, n. Etym: [Ar. kafala caravan.]

Defn: A gang of negro slaves being driven to market.

COG
Cog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Cogging.] Etym: [Cf.
W. coegio to make void, to beceive, from coeg empty, vain, foolish.
Cf. Coax, v. t.]

1. To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat. [R.] I'll . . . cog their hearts from them. Shak.

2. To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; as, to cog in a word; to palm off. [R.] Fustian tragedies . . . have, by concerted applauses, been cogged upon the town for masterpieces. J. Dennis To cog a die, to load so as to direct its fall; to cheat in playing dice. Swift.

COG
Cog, v. i.

Defn: To deceive; to cheat; to play false; to lie; to wheedle; to
cajole.
For guineas in other men's breeches, Your gamesters will palm and
will cog. Swift.

COG
Cog, n.

Defn: A trick or deception; a falsehood. Wm. Watson.

COG
Cog, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. kugge a cog, or W. cocos the cogs of a wheel.]

1. (Mech.)

Defn: A tooth, cam, or catch for imparting or receiving motion, as on a gear wheel, or a lifter or wiper on a shaft; originally, a separate piece of wood set in a mortise in the face of a wheel.

2. (Carp.) (a) A kind of tenon on the end of a joist, received into a notch in a bearing timber, and resting flush with its upper surface. (b) A tenon in a scarf joint; a coak. Knight.

3. (Mining.)

Defn: One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine.

COG
Cog, v. t.

Defn: To furnish with a cog or cogs. Cogged breath sound
(Auscultation), a form of interrupted respiration, in which the
interruptions are very even, three or four to each inspiration.
Quain.

COG
Cog, n. Etym: [OE. cogge; cf. D. kog, Icel. kuggr Cf. Cock a boat.]

Defn: A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

COGENCY
Co"gen*cy, n. Etym: [See Cogent.]

Defn: The quality of being cogent; power of compelling conviction; conclusiveness; force. An antecedent argument of extreme cogency. J. H. Newman.

COGENIAL
Co*ge"ni*al, a.

Defn: Congenial. [Obs.]

COGENT
Co"gent, a. Etym: [L. cogens, p. pr. of cogere to drive together, to
force; co- + agere to drive. See Agent, a., and cf. Coact to force,
Coagulate, p. a.]

1. Compelling, in a physical sense; powerful. [Obs.] The cogent force of nature. Prior.

2. Having the power to compel conviction or move the will; constraining; conclusive; forcible; powerful; not easily reasisted. No better nor more cogent reason. Dr. H. More. Proofs of the most cogent description. Tyndall. The tongue whose strains were cogent as commands, Revered at home, and felt in foreign lands. Cowper.

Syn. — Forcible; powerful; potent; urgent; strong; persuasive; convincing; conclusive; influential.

COGENTLY
Co"gent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a cogent manner; forcibly; convincigly; conclusively. Locke.

COGGER
Cog"ger, n. Etym: [From Cog to wheedle.]

Defn: A flatterer or deceiver; a sharper.

COGGERY
Cog"ger*y, n.

Defn: Trick; deception. Bp. Watson.

COGGLE
Cog"gle, n. Etym: [See Cog small boat.]

Defn: A small fishing boat. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

COGGLE
Cog"gle, n. Etym: [Cf. Cobble a cobblestone.]

Defn: A cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

COGITABILITY
Cog`i*ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being cogitable; conceivableness.

COGITABLE
Cog"i*ta*ble, a. Etym: [L. cogitabilis, fr. cogitare to think.]

Defn: Capable of being brought before the mind as a throught or idea;
conceivable; thinkable.
Creation is cogitable by us only as a putting forth of divine power.
Sir W. Hamilton.

COGITABUND
Cog"i*ta*bund`, a. Etym: [L. cogitabundus.]

Defn: Full of thought; thoughtful. [R.] Leigh Hunt.

COGITATE Cog"i*tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cogitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Cogitating.] Etym: [L. cogitatus, p. p. of cogitare to reflect upon, prob. fr. co- + the root of aio I say; hence, prop., to discuss with one's self. Cf. Adage.]

Defn: To engage in continuous thought; to think. He that calleth a thing into his mind, whether by impression or recordation, cogitateth and considereth, and he that employeth the faculty of his fancy also cogitateth. Bacon.

COGITATE
Cog"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To think over; to plan. He . . . is our witness, how we both day and night, revolving in our minds, did cogitate nothing more than how to satisfy the parts of a good pastor. Foxe.

COGITATION
Cog`i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cogitatio: cf. F. cogitation.]

Defn: The act of thinking; thought; meditation; contemplation. "Fixed in cogitation deep." Milton.

COGITATIVE
Cog"i*ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. LL. cogitativus.]

1. Possessing, or pertaining to, the power of thinking or meditating. "Cogitative faculties." Wollaston.

2. Given to thought or contemplation. Sir H. Wotton.

COGMAN
Cog"man, n.

Defn: A dealer in cogware or coarse cloth. [Obs.] Wright.

COGNAC
Co"gnac`, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A kind of French brandy, so called from the town of Cognac.

COGNATE Cog"nate, a. Etym: [L. cognatus; co- + gnatus, natus, p. p. of nasci, anciently gnasci, to be born. See Nation, and cf. Connate.]

1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth; specifically (Law), related on the mother's side.

2. Of the same or a similar nature; of the same family; proceeding from the same stock or root; allied; kindred; as, a cognate language.

COGNATE
Cog"nate, n.

1. (Law)

Defn: One who is related to another on the female side. Wharton.

2. One of a number of things allied in origin or nature; as, certain letters are cognates.

COGNATENESS
Cog"nate*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being cognate.

COGNATI
Cog*na"ti, n. pl. Etym: [L.] (Law)

Defn: Relatives by the mother's side. Wharton.

COGNATION
Cog*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognatio.]

1. Relationship by blood; descent from the same original; kindred. As by our cognation to the body of the first Adam. Jer. Taylor.

2. Participation of the same nature. Sir T. Browne. A like temper and cognation. Sir K. Digby.

3. (Law)

Defn: That tie of consanguinity which exists between persons descended from the same mother; — used in distinction from agnation.

COGNATUS
Cog*na"tus, n. Etym: [L., a kinsman.] (Law)

Defn: A person cinnected through cognation.

COGNISOR; COGNISEE
Cog`ni*sor" ( or ), Cog`ni*see, n.

Defn: See Cognizor, Cognizee.

COGNITION Cog*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognitio, fr. cognoscere, cognitum, to become acquainted with, to know; co- + noscere, gnoscere, to get a knowledge of. See Know, v. t.]

1. The act of knowing; knowledge; perception. I will not be myself nor have cognation Of what I feel: I am all patience. Shak.

2. That which is known.

COGNITIVE
Cog"ni*tive, a.

Defn: Knowing, or apprehending by the understanding; as, cognitive power. South.

COGNIZABLE Cog"ni*za*ble ( or , a. Etym: [F. connaissable, fr. connaître to know, L. cognoscere. See Cognition.]

1. Capable of being known or apprehended; as, cognizable causes.

2. Fitted to be a subject of judicial investigation; capable of being judicially heard and determined. Cognizable both in the ecclesiastical and secular courts. Ayliffe.

COGNIZABLY
Cog"ni*za*bly, adv.

Defn: In a cognizable manner.

COGNIZANCE
Cog"ni*zance ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [OF. conissance, conoissance, F.
conaissance, LL. cognoscentia, fr. L. cognoscere to know. See
Cognition, and cf. Cognoscence, Connoisseur.]

1. Apprehension by the understanding; perception; observation. Within the cognizance and lying under the control of their divine Governor. Bp. Hurd

2. Recollection; recognition. Who, soon as on that knight his eye did glance, Eftsoones of him had perfect cognizance. Spenser.

3. (Law) (a) Jurisdiction, or the power given by law to hear and decide controversies. (b) The hearing a matter judicially. (c) An acknowledgment of a fine of lands and tenements or confession of a thing done. [Eng.] (d) A form of defense in the action of replevin, by which the defendant insists that the goods were lawfully taken, as a distress, by defendant, acting as servant for another. [Eng.] Cowell. Mozley & W.

4. The distinguishing mark worn by an armed knight, usually upon the helmet, and by his retainers and followers: Hence, in general, a badge worn by a retainer or dependent, to indicate the person or party to which he belonged; a token by which a thing may be known. Wearing the liveries and cognizance of their master. Prescott. This pale and angry rose, As cognizance of my blood-drinking hate. Shak.

COGNIZANT
Cog"ni*zant ( or ), a. Etym: [See Cognizance, and cf. Connusant.]

Defn: Having cognizance or knowledge. (of).

COGNIZE
Cog"nize, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Cognizant, Recognize.]

Defn: To know or perceive; to recognize. The reasoning faculty can deal with no facts until they are cognized by it. H. Spencer.

COGNIZEE
Cog`ni*zee" ( or ), n. (Law)

Defn: One to whom a fine of land was ackowledged. Blackstone.

COGNIZOR
Cog`ni*zor, n. Etym: [See Cognizance.] (Law)

Defn: One who ackowledged the right of the plaintiff or cognizee in a fine; the defendant. Blackstone.

COGNOMEN
Cog*no"men, n. Etym: [L.: co- + (g)nomen name.]

1. The last of the three names of a person among the ancient Romans, denoting his house or family.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A surname.

COGNOMINAL
Cog*nom"i*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cognomen; of the nature of a surname.

COGNOMINAL
Cog*nom"i*nal, n.

Defn: One bearing the same name; a namesake. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

COGNOMINATION
Cog*nom`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. cognominatio.]

Defn: A cognomen or surname. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

COGNOSCENCE
Cog*nos"cence, n. Etym: [LL. cognoscentia. See Cognizance.]

Defn: Cognizance. [R.] Dr. H. More.

COGNOSCENTE Cog`nos*cen"te, n.; pl. Cognoscenti. Etym: [OIt. cognoscente, p. pr. of cognoscere, It. conoscere to know.]

Defn: A conoisseur. Mason.

COGNOSCIBILITY
Cog*nos`ci*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being cognoscible. Cudworth.

COGNOSCIBLE
Cog*nos"ci*ble, a.

1. Capable of being known. "Matters intelligible and cognoscible." Sir M. Hale.

2. Liable to judicial investigation. Jer. Taylor.

COGNOSCITIVE
Cog*nos"ci*tive, a.

Defn: Having the power of knowing. [Obs.] "An innate cognoscitive power." Cudworth.

COGNOVIT
Cog*no"vit, n. Etym: [L., he has acknowledged.] (Law)

Defn: An instrument in writting whereby a defendant in an action acknowledges a plaintiff's demand to be just. Mozley & W.

COGON
Co*gon", n. [Sp., prob. fr. a native name.]

Defn: A tall, coarse grass (Imperata arundinacea) of the Philippine
Islands and adjacent countries, used for thatching.

COGUARDIAN
Co*guard"i*an, n.

Defn: A joint guardian.

COGUE
Cogue, n. Etym: [Cf. Cog a small boat.]

Defn: A small wooden vessel; a pail. [Scot.] Jamieson.

COGWARE
Cog"ware`, n.

Defn: A coarse, narrow cloth, like frieze, used by the lower classes in the sixteenth century. Halliwell.

COGWHEEL
Cog"wheel`, n.

Defn: A wheel with cogs or teeth; a gear wheel. See Illust. of
Gearing.

COHABIT
Co*hab"it, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cohabited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cohabiting.] Etym: [L. cohabitare; co- + habitare to dwell, to have
possession of (a place), freg. of habere to have. See Habit, n. & v.]

1. To inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place or country. The Philistines were worsted by the captived ark . . . : they were not able to cohabit with that holy thing. South.

2. To dwell or live together as husband and wife. The law presumes that husband and wife cohabit together, even after a voluntary separation has taken place between them. Bouvier.

Note: By the common law as existing in the United States, marriage is presumed when a man and woman cohabit permanently together, being reputed by those who know them to be husband and wife, and admitting the relationship. Wharton.

COHABITANT
Co*hab"it*ant, n. Etym: [L. cohabitans, p. pr.]

Defn: One who dwells with another, or in the same place or country.
No small number of the Danes became peaceable cohabitants with the
Saxons in England. Sir W. Raleigh.

COHABITATION
Co*hab"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. cohabitatio.]

1. The act or state of dwelling together, or in the same place with another. Feltham.

2. (Law)

Defn: The living together of a man and woman in supposed sexual
relationship.
That the duty of cohabitation is released by the cruelty of one of
the parties is admitted. Lord Stowell.

COHABITER
Co*hab"it*er, n.

Defn: A cohabitant. Hobbes.

COHEIR
Co*heir, n.

Defn: A joint heir; one of two or more heirs; one of several entitled to an inheritance.

COHEIRESS
Co*heir"ess, n.

Defn: A female heir who inherits with other heiresses; a joint heiress.

COHEIRSHIP
Co*heir"ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a coheir.

COHERALD
Co*her"ald, n.

Defn: A joint herald.

COHERE
Co*here", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cohered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cohering.]
Etym: [L. cohaerere, cohaesum; co- + haerere to stick, adhere. See
Aghast, a.]

1. To stick together; to cleave; to be united; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass. Neither knows he . . . how the solid parts of the body are united or cohere together. Locke.

2. To be united or connected together in subordination to one purpose; to follow naturally and logically, as the parts of a discourse, or as arguments in a train of reasoning; to be logically consistent. They have been inserted where they best seemed to cohere. Burke.

3. To suit; to agree; to fit. [Obs.] Had time cohered with place, or place with wishing. Shak.

Syn.
— To cleave; unite; adhere; stick; suit; agree; fit; be consistent.

COHERENCE; COHERENCY Co*her"ence, Co*her"en*cy, n. Etym: [L. cohaerentia: cf. F. cohérence.]

1. A sticking or cleaving together; union of parts of the same body; cohesion.

2. Connection or dependence, proceeding from the subordination of the parts of a thing to one principle or purpose, as in the parts of a discourse, or of a system of philosophy; consecutiveness. Coherence of discourse, and a direct tendency of all the parts of it to the argument in hand, are most eminently to be found in him. Locke.

COHERENT
Co*her"ent, a. Etym: [L. cohaerens, p. pr. See Cohere.]

1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the parts of bodies; solid or fluid. Arbuthnot.

2. Composed of mutually dependent parts; making a logical whole; consistent; as, a coherent plan, argument, or discourse.

3. Logically consistent; — applied to persons; as, a coherent thinker. Watts.

4. Suitable or suited; adapted; accordant. [Obs.] Instruct my daughter how she shall persever, That time and place, with this deceit so lawful, May prove coherent. Shak.

COHERENTLY
Co*her"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coherent manner.

COHERER
Co*her"er, n. (Elec.)

Defn: Any device in which an imperfectly conducting contact between pieces of metal or other conductors loosely resting against each other is materially improved in conductivity by the influence of Hertzian waves; — so called by Sir O. J. Lodge in 1894 on the assumption that the impact of the electic waves caused the loosely connected parts to cohere, or weld together, a condition easily destroyed by tapping. A common form of coherer as used in wireless telegraphy consists of a tube containing filings (usually a pinch of nickel and silver filings in equal parts) between terminal wires or plugs (called conductor plugs).

COHESIBILITY
Co*he`si*bil"i*ty ( or ), n.

Defn: The state of being cohesible. Good.

COHESIBLE
Co*he"si*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of cohesion.

COHESION
Co*he"sion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cohésion. See Cohere.]

1. The act or state of sticking together; close union.

2. (Physics)

Defn: That from of attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass, whether like or unlike; — distinguished from adhesion, which unites bodies by their adjacent surfaces. Solids and fluids differ in the degree of cohesion, which, being increased, turns a fluid into a solid. Arbuthnot.

3. Logical agreement and dependence; as, the cohesion of ideas. Locke.

COHESIVE
Co*he"sive, a.

1. Holding the particles of a homogeneous body together; as, cohesive attraction; producing cohesion; as, a cohesive force.

2. Cohering, or sticking together, as in a mass; capable of cohering; tending to cohere; as, cohesive clay. Cohesive attraction. See under Attraction. — Co*he"sive*ly, adv. — Co*he"sive*ness, n.

COHIBIT
Co*hib"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cohibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cohibiting.] Etym: [L. cohibitus, p. p. of cohibere to confine; co- +
habere to hold.]

Defn: To restrain. [Obs.] Bailey.

COHIBITION
Co`hi*bi"tion, n. Etym: [L. cohibitio.]

Defn: Hindrance; restraint. [Obs.]

COHOBATE
Co`ho*bate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cohobated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Cohobating.] Etym: [LL. cohobare; prob. of Arabic origin: cf. F.
cohober.] (Anc. Chem.)

Defn: To repeat the distillation of, pouring the liquor back upon the matter remaining in the vessel. Arbuthnot.

COHOBATION
Co`ho*ba"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. cohobation.] (Anc. Chem.)

Defn: The process of cohobating. Grew.

COHORN
Co"horn, n. (Mil.)

Defn: See Coehorn.

COHORT
Co"hort, n. Etym: [L. cohors, prop. an inclosure: cf. F. cohorte. See
Court, n.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A body of about five or six hundred soldiers; the tenth part of a legion.

2. Any band or body of warriors. With him the cohort bright Of watchful cherubim. Milton.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A natural group of orders of plants, less comprehensive than a class.

COHOSH
Co"hosh, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), whose roostock is used in medicine; — also called pappoose root. The name is sometimes also given to the Cimicifuga racemosa, and to two species of Actæa, plants of the Crowfoot family.

COHUNE; COHUNE PALM
Co*hune", n., or Cohune palm . [Prob. fr. a native name in Honduras.]

Defn: A Central and South American pinnate-leaved palm (Attalea cohune), the very large and hard nuts of which are turned to make fancy articles, and also yield an oil used as a substitute for coconut oil.

COIF
Coif (koif), n. Etym: [OF. coife, F. coiffe, LL. cofea, cuphia, fr.
OHG. kuppa, kuppha, miter, perh. fr. L. cupa tub. See Cup, n. ; but
cf. also Cop, Cuff the article of dress, Quoif, n.]

Defn: A cap. Specifically: (a) A close-fitting cap covering the sides of the head, like a small hood without a cape. (b) An official headdress, such as that worn by certain judges in England. [Writting also quoif.] From point and saucy ermine down To the plain coif and russet gown. H. Brocke. The judges, . . . althout they are not of the first magnitude, nor need be of the degree of the coif, yet are they considerable. Bacon.

COIF
Coif (koif), v. t. Etym: [Cf. F. coiffer.]

Defn: To cover or dress with, or as with, a coif.
And coif me, where I'm bald, with flowers. J. G. Cooper.

COIFED
Coifed (koift), a.

Defn: Wearing a coif.

COIFFEUR
Coif`feur", n. [F.]

Defn: A hairdresser.

COIFFURE
Coif"fure, n. Etym: [F., fr. coiffer. See Coif.]

Defn: A headdress, or manner of dressing the hair. Addison.

COIGN
Coign, n.

Defn: A var. spelling of Coin, Quoin, a corner, wedge; — chiefly used in the phrase coign of vantage, a position advantageous for action or observation.

From some shielded nook or coign of vantage.
The Century.

The lithosphere would be depressed on four faces; . . . the four projecting coigns would stand up as continents. Nature.

COIGNE
Coigne (koin), n. Etym: [See Coin, n.]

Defn: A quoin.
See you yound coigne of the Capitol yon corner stone Shak.

COIGNE; COIGNY
Coigne, Coign"y, n.

Defn: The practice of quartering one's self as landlord on a tenant; a quartering of one's self on anybody. [Ireland] Spenser.

COIL
Coil (koil), v.t. [imp. & p. p. Coiled (koild); p. pr. & vb. n.
Coiling.] Etym: [OF. coillir, F. cueillir, to collect, gather
together, L. coligere; col- + legere to gather. See Legend, and cf.
Cull, v. t., Collect.]

1. To wind cylindrically or spirally; as, to coil a rope when not in use; the snake coiled itself before springing.

2. To encircle and hold with, or as with, coils. [Obs. or R.] T. Edwards.

COIL
Coil, v. i.

Defn: To wind itself cylindrically or spirally; to form a coil; to
wind; — often with about or around.
You can see his flery serpents . . . Coiting, playing in the water.
Longfellow.

COIL
Coil, n.

1. A ring, series of rings, or spiral, into which a rope, or other
like thing, is wound.
The wild grapevines that twisted their coils from trec to tree. W.
Irving.

2. Fig.: Entanglement; toil; mesh; perplexity.

3. A series of connected pipes in rows or layers, as in a steam heating apparatus. Induction coil. (Elec.) See under Induction. — Ruhmkorff's coil (Elec.), an induction coil, sometimes so called from Ruhmkorff (, a prominent manufacturer of the apparatus.

COIL
Coil, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. Gael. goil fume, rage.]

Defn: A noise, tumult, bustle, or confusion. [Obs.] Shak.

COILON
Coi"lon, n. Etym: [F. See Cullion.]

Defn: A testicle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COIN Coin (koin), n. Etym: [F. coin, formerly also coing, wedge, stamp, corner, fr. L. cuneus wedge; prob. akin to E. cone, hone. See Hone, n., and cf. Coigne, Quoin, Cuneiform.]

1. A quoin; a corner or external angle; a wegde. See Coigne, and Quoin.

2. A piece of metal on which certain characters are stamped by government authority, making it legally current as money; — much used in a collective sense. It is alleged that it [a subsidy] exceeded all the current coin of the realm. Hallam.

3. That which serves for payment or recompense. The loss of present advantage to flesh and blood is repaid in a nobler coin. Hammond. Coin balance. See Illust. of Balance. — To pay one in his own coin, to return to one the same kind of injury or ill treatment as has been received from him. [Colloq.]

COIN
Coin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coined (koind); p. pr. & vb. n. Coining.]

1. To make of a definite fineness, and convert into coins, as a mass of metal; to mint; to manufacture; as, to coin silver dollars; to coin a medal.

2. To make or fabricate; to invent; to originate; as, to coin a word. Some tale, some new pretense, he daily coined, To soothe his sister and delude her mind. Dryden.

3. To acquire rapidly, as money; to make. Tenants cannot coin rent just at quarter day. Locke.

COIN
Coin, v. i.

Defn: To manufacture counterfeit money.
They cannot touch me for coining. Shak.

COINAGE
Coin"age, n. Etym: [From Coin, v. t., cf. Cuinage.]

1. The act or process of converting metal into money. The care of the coinage was committed to the inferior magistrates. Arbuthnot.

2. Coins; the aggregate coin of a time or place.

3. The cost or expense of coining money.

4. The act or process of fabricating or inventing; formation; fabrication; that which is fabricated or forged. "Unnecessary coinage . . . of words." Dryden. This is the very coinage of your brain. Shak.

COINCIDE
Co`in*cide", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coincided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Coinciding.] Etym: [L. co- + incidere to fall on; in + cadere to
fall: cf. F. coïncider. See Chance, n.]

1. To occupy the same place in space, as two equal triangles, when placed one on the other. If the equator and the ecliptic had coincided, it would have rendered the annual revoluton of the earth useless. Cheyne.

2. To occur at the same time; to be contemporaneous; as, the fall of Granada coincided with the discovery of America.

3. To correspond exactly; to agree; to concur; as, our aims coincide. The rules of right jugdment and of good ratiocination often coincide with each other. Watts.

COINCIDENCE
Co*in"ci*dence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncidence.]

1. The condition of occupying the same place in space; as, the coincidence of circles, surfaces, etc. Bentley.

2. The condition or fact of happening at the same time; as, the coincidence of the deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.

3. Exact correspondence in nature, character, result, circumstances, etc.; concurrence; agreement. The very concurrence and coincidence of ao many evidences . . . carries a great weight. Sir M. Hale. Those who discourse . . . of the nature of truth . . . affirm a perfect coincidence between truth and goodness. South.

COINCIDENCY
Co*in"ci*den*cy, n.

Defn: Coincidence. [R.]

COINCIDENT
Co*in"ci*dent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. coïncident.]

Defn: Having coincidence; occupying the same place; contemporaneous; concurrent; — followed by with. Christianity teaches nothing but what is perfectly suitable to, and coincident with, the ruling principles of a virtuous and well- inclined man. South.

COINCIDENT
Co*in"ci*dent, n.

Defn: One of two or more coincident events; a coincidence. [R.]
"Coincidents and accidents." Froude.

COINCIDENTAL
Co*in`ci*den"tal, a.

Defn: Coincident.

COINCIDENTLY
Co*in"ci*dent*ly, adv.

Defn: With coincidence.

COINCIDER
Co`in*cid"er, n.

Defn: One who coincides with another in an opinion.

COINDICATION
Co*in`di*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coïdication.]

Defn: One of several signs or sumptoms indicating the same fact; as, a coindication of disease.

COINER
Coin"er, n.

1. One who makes or stamps coin; a maker of money; — usually, a maker of counterfeit money. Precautions such as are employed by coiners and receivers of stolen goods. Macaulay.

2. An inventor or maker, as of words. Camden.

COINHABITANT
Co`in*hab"it*ant, n.

Defn: One who dwells with another, or with others. "Coinhabitants of the same element." Dr. H. More.

COINHERE
Co`in*here", v. i.

Defn: To inhere or exist together, as in one substance. Sir W.
Hamilton.

COINHERITANCE
Co`in*her"it*ance, n.

Defn: Joint inheritance.

COINHERITOR
Co`in*her"it*or, n.

Defn: A coheir.

COINITIAL
Co`in*i"tial, a. (Math.)

Defn: Having a common beginning.

COINQUINATE Co*in"qui*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. coinquinatus, p. p. of coinquinare to defile. See Inquinate.]

Defn: Topollute. [Obs.] Skelton.

COINQUINATION
Co*in`qui*na"tion, n.

Defn: Defilement. [Obs.]

COINSTANTANEOUS
Co*in"stan*ta"ne*ous, a.

Defn: Happening at the same instant. C. Darwin.

COINSURANCE
Co`in*sur"ance, n. [Co- + insurance.]

Defn: Insurance jointly with another or others; specif., that system of fire insurance in which the insurer is treated as insuring himself to the extent of that part of the risk not covered by his policy, so that any loss is apportioned between him and the insurance company on the principle of average, as in marine insurance or between other insurers.

COINTENSE
Co`intense", a.

Defn: Equal in intensity or degree; as, the relations between 6 and 12, and 8 and 16, are cointense. H. Spencer.

COINTENSION
Co`in*ten"sion, n.

Defn: The condition of being of equal in intensity; — applied to relations; as, 3 : 6 and 6 : 12 are relations of cointension. Cointension . . . is chosen indicate the equality of relations in respect of the contrast between their terms. H. Spencer.

COIR
Coir (koir), n. Etym: [Tamil kayiru.]

1. A material for cordage, matting, etc., consisting of the prepared fiber of the outer husk of the cocoanut. Homans.

2. Cordage or cables, made of this material.

COISTRIL
Cois"tril, n. Etym: [Prob. from OF. coustillier groom or lad. Cf.
Custrel.]

1. An inferior groom or lad employed by an esquire to carry the knight's arms and other necessaries. [Written also coistrel.]

2. A mean, paltry fellow; a coward. [Obs.] Shak.

COIT
Coit (koit), n. Etym: [See Quoit.]

Defn: A quoit. [Obs.] Carew.

COIT
Coit, v. t.

Defn: To throw, as a stone. [Obs.] See Quoit.

COITION Co*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. coitio, fr. coire to come together; co- + ire to go.]

Defn: A coming together; sexual intercourse; copulation. Grew.

COJOIN
Co*join", v. t.

Defn: To join; to conjoin. [R.] Shak.

COJUROR
Co*ju"ror, n.

Defn: One who swears to another's credibility. W. Wotton.

COKE
Coke, n. Etym: [Perh. akin to cake, n.]

Defn: Mineral coal charred, or depriver of its bitumen, sulphur, or other volatile matter by roasting in a kiln or oven, or by distillation, as in gas works. It is lagerly used where [Written also coak.] Gas coke, the coke formed in gas retorts, as distinguished from that made in ovens.

COKE
Coke, v. t.

Defn: To convert into coke.

COKENAY
Coke"nay, n.

Defn: A cockney. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COKERNUT
Co"ker*nut`, n. (Com.)

Defn: The cocoanut.

Note: A mode of spelling introduced by the London customhouse to distinguish more widely between this and other articles spelt much in the same manner.

COKES
Cokes, n. Etym: [OE. Cf. Coax.]

Defn: A simpleton; a gull; a dupe. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COKEWOLD
Coke"wold, n.

Defn: Cuckold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COL; COL-
Col

Defn: - (with, together. See Com-.

COL
Col, n. Etym: [F., neck, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: A short ridge connecting two higher elevations or mountains; the pass over such a ridge.

COLA Co"la, n. [NL., fr. a native name.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of sterculiaceous trees, natives of tropical Africa, esp. Guinea, but now naturalized in tropical America, esp. in the West Indies and Brazil. (b) Same as Cola nut, below.

COLA
Co"la, n.,

Defn: L. pl. of Colon.

COLABORER
Co*la"bor*er, n.

Defn: One who labors with another; an associate in labor.

COLANDER Col"an*der, n. Etym: [L. colans, -antis, p. pr. of colare to filter, to strain, fr. colum a strainer. Cf. Cullis, Culvert.]

Defn: A utensil with a bottom perforated with little holes for straining liquids, mashed vegetable pulp, etc.; a strainer of wickerwork, perfprated metal, or the like.

COLA NUT; COLA SEED
Cola nut, Cola seed. (Bot.)

Defn: The bitter fruit of Cola acuminata, which is nearly as large as a chestnut, and furnishes a stimulant, which is used in medicine.

COLATION
Co*la"tion, n. Etym: [See Colander.]

Defn: The act or process of straining or filtering. [R.]

COLATITUDE
Co*lat"i*tude (; 134), n. Etym: [Formed like cosine. See Cosine.]

Defn: The complement of the latitude, or the difference between any latitude and ninety degrees.

COLATURE
Col"a*ture, n. Etym: [L. colatura, from colare: cf. F. colature. See
Colander.]

Defn: The process of straining; the matter strained; a strainer. [R.]

COLBERTINE
Col"ber*tine, n. Etym: [From Jean Baptiste Colbert, a minister of
Louis XIV., who encouraged the lace manufacture in France.]

Defn: A kind of lace. [Obs.]
Pinners edged with colbertine. Swift.
Difference rose between Mechlin, the queen of lace, and colbertine.
Young.

COLCHICINE
Col"chi*cine ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colchicine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful vegetable alkaloid, C17H19NO5, extracted from the Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, as a white or yellowish amorphous powder, with a harsh, bitter taste; — called also colchicia.

COLCHICUM
Col"chi*cum, n. Etym: [L., a plant with a poisonous root, fr.
Colchicus Colchian, fr. Colchis, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of bulbous-rooted plants found in many parts of Europe, including the meadow saffron.

Note: Preparations made from the poisonous bulbs and seeds, and perhaps from the flowers, of the Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron) are used as remedies for gout and rheumatism.

COLCOTHAR
Col"co*thar, n. Etym: [NL. colcothar vitrioli, fr. Ar. qolqotar.]
(Chem.)

Defn: Polishing rouge; a reddish brown oxide of iron, used in polishing glass, and also as a pigment; — called also crocus Martis.

COLD
Cold, a. [Compar. Colder; superl. Coldest.] Etym: [OE. cold, cald,
AS. cald, ceald; akin to OS. kald, D. koud, G. kalt, Icel. kaldr,
Dan. kold, Sw. kall, Goth. kalds, L. gelu frost, gelare to freeze.
Orig. p. p. of AS. calan to be cold, Icel. kala to freeze. Cf. Cool,
a., Chill, n.]

1. Deprived of heat, or having a low temperature; not warm or hot; gelid; frigid. "The snowy top of cold Olympis." Milton.

2. Lacking the sensation of warmth; suffering from the absence of heat; chilly; shivering; as, to be cold.

3. Not pungent or acrid. "Cold plants." Bacon

4. Wanting in ardor, intensity, warmth, zeal, or passion; spiritless;
unconcerned; reserved.
A cold and unconcerned spectator. T. Burnet.
No cold relation is a zealous citizen. Burke.

5. Unwelcome; disagreeable; unsatisfactory. "Cold news for me." "Cold comfort." Shak.

6. Wanting in power to excite; dull; uninteresting.
What a deal of cold business doth a man misspend the better part of
life in! B. Jonson.
The jest grows cold . . . when in comes on in a second scene.
Addison.

7. Affecting the sense of smell (as of hunting dogs) but feebly; having lost its odor; as, a cold scent.

8. Not sensitive; not acute. Smell this business with a sense as cold As is a dead man's nose. Shak.

9. Distant; — said, in the game of hunting for some object, of a seeker remote from the thing concealed.

10. (Paint.)

Defn: Having a bluish effect. Cf. Warm, 8. Cold abscess. See under
Abscess.
— Cold blast See under Blast, n., 2. Cold blood. See under Blood,
n., 8.
— Cold chill, an ague fit. Wright.
— Cold chisel, a chisel of peculiar strength and hardness, for
cutting cold metal. Weale.
— Cold cream. See under Cream.
— Cold slaw. See Cole slaw.
— In cold blood, without excitement or passion; deliberately.
He was slain in cold blood after thefight was over. Sir W. Scott.
To give one the cold shoulder, to treat one with neglect.

Syn. — Gelid; bleak; frigid; chill; indifferent; unconcerned; passionless; reserved; unfeeling; stoical.

COLD
Cold, n.

1. The relative absence of heat or warmth.

2. The sensation produced by the escape of heat; chilliness or chillness. When she saw her lord prepared to part, A deadly cold ran shivering to her heart. Dryden.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid state of the animal system produced by exposure to cold or dampness; a catarrh. Cold sore (Med.), a vesicular eruption appearing about the mouth as the result of a cold, or in the course of any disease attended with fever. — To leave one out in the cold, to overlook or neglect him. [Colloq.] Cold, v. i.

Defn: To become cold. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLD-BLOODED
Cold"-blood`ed, a.

1. Having cold blood; — said of fish or animals whose blood is but little warmer than the water or air about them.

2. Deficient in sensibility or feeling; hard-hearted.

3. Not thoroughbred; — said of animals, as horses, which are derived from the common stock of a country.

COLDFINCH
Cold"finch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A British wagtail.

COLD-HEARTED
Cold"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Wanting passion or feeling; indifferent.
— Cold"-heart`ed*ness, n.

COLDISH
Cold"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat cold; cool; chilly.

COLDLY
Cold"ly, adv.

Defn: In a cold manner; without warmth, animation, or feeling; with
indifference; calmly.
Withdraw unto some private place, And reason coldly of your
grievances. Shak.

COLDNESS
Cold"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being cold.

COLD-SHORT
Cold"-short`, a.

Defn: Brittle when cold; as, cold-short iron.

COLD-SHUT
Cold"-shut`, a. (Metal.)

Defn: Closed while too cold to become thoroughly welded; — said of a forging or casting. — n.

Defn: An imperfection caused by such insufficient welding.

COLD WAVE
Cold" wave". (Meteor.)

Defn: In the terminology of the United States Weather Bureau, an unusual fall in temperature, to or below the freezing point, exceeding 16º in twenty-four hours or 20º in thirty-six hours, independent of the diurnal range.

COLE
Cole, n. Etym: [OE. col, caul, AS. cawl, cawel, fr. L. caulis, the
stalk or stem of a plant, esp. a cabbage stalk, cabbage, akin to Gr.
Cauliflower, Kale.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the Brassica or Cabbage genus; esp. that form of B. oleracea called rape and coleseed.

CO-LEGATEE
Co-leg`a*tee", n.

Defn: A joint legatee.

COLEGOOSE
Cole"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coalgoose.

COLEMANITE
Cole"man*ite, n. Etym: [From W.T. Coleman of San Francisco.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous borate of lime occurring in transparent colorless or white crystals, also massive, in Southern California.

COLEMOUSE
Cole"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Coletit.

COLEOPTER
Co`le*op"ter, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERA
Co`le*op"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of insects having the anterior pair of wings (elytra) hard and horny, and serving as coverings for the posterior pair, which are membranous, and folded transversely under the others when not in use. The mouth parts form two pairs of jaws (mandibles and maxillæ) adapted for chewing. Most of the Coleoptera are known as beetles and weevils.

COLEOPTERAL; COLEOPTEROUS
Co`le*op"ter*al, Co`le*op"ter*ous a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having wings covered with a case or sheath; belonging to the
Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERAN
Co`le*op"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the order of Coleoptera.

COLEOPTERIST
Co`le*op"ter*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in the study of the Coleoptera.

COLEORHIZA
Co`le*o*rhi"za, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A sheath in the embryo of grasses, inclosing the caulicle.
Gray.

COLEPERCH
Cole"perch`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of small black perch.

COLERA
Col"e*ra, n. Etym: [L. cholera. See Choler.]

Defn: Bile; choler. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLERIDGIAN
Cole*ridg"i*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, or to his poetry or metaphysics.

COLESEED
Cole"seed`, n.

Defn: The common rape or cole.

COLESLAW
Cole"slaw`, n. Etym: [D. kool slaa cabbage salad.]

Defn: A salad made of sliced cabbage.

CO-LESSEE
Co`-les*see", n.

Defn: A partner in a lease taen.

CO-LESSOR
Co`-les*sor", n.

Defn: A partner in giving a lease.

COLESTAFF
Cole"staff`, n.

Defn: See Colstaff.

COLET; COLLET
Col"et, Col"letEtym: [Corrupted fr. acolyte.]

Defn: An inferior church servant. [Obs.] See Acolyte.

COLETIT; COALTIT
Cole"tit` or Coal"tit, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small European titmouse (Parus ater), so named from its black color; — called also coalmouse and colemouse.

COLEUS
Co"le*us, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the Mint family, cultivated for its bright-colored or variegated leaves.

COLEWORT
Cole"wort`, n. Etym: [AS. cawlwyrt; cawl cole + wyrt wort. Cf.
Collards.]

1. A variety of cabbage in which the leaves never form a compact head.

2. Any white cabbage before the head has become firm.

COLFOX
Col"fox`, n.

Defn: A crafty fox. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COLIC
Col"ic, n. Etym: [F. colique, fr. L. colicus sick with the colic, GR.
Colon.] (Med.)

Defn: A severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, due to spasm, obstruction, or distention of some one of the hollow viscera. Hepatic colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a gallstone from the liver or gall bladder through the bile duct. — Intestinal colic, or Ordinary colic, pain due to distention of the intestines by gas. — Lead colic, Painter's colic, a violent form of intestinal colic, associated with obstinate constipation, produced by chronic lead poisoning. — Renal colic, the severe pain produced by the passage of a calculus from the kidney through the ureter. — Wind colic. See Intestinal colic, above.

COLIC
Col"ic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to colic; affecting the bowels. Milton.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the colon; as, the colic arteries.

COLICAL
Col"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of, colic. Swift.

COLICKY
Col"ick*y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or troubled with, colic; as, a colicky disorder.

COLICROOT
Col"ic*root`, n.

Defn: A bitter American herb of the Bloodwort family, with the leaves all radical, and the small yellow or white flowers in a long spike (Aletris farinosa and A. aurea). Called sometimes star grass, blackroot, blazing star, and unicorn root.

COLIN
Col"in, n. Etym: [F. colin; prop. a dim. of Colas, contr. fr. Nicolas
Nicholas.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American quail or bobwhite. The name is also applied to other related species. See Bobwhite.

COLISEUM
Col`i*se"um, n. Etym: [NL. (cf. It. coliseo, colosseo), fr. L.
colosseus colossal, fr. colossus a colossus. See Colossus, and cf.
Colosseum.]

Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian at Rome, the largest in the world. [Written also Colosseum.]

COLITIS
Co*li"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation of the large intestine, esp. of its mucous membrane; colonitis.

COLL
Coll, v. t. Etym: [OF. coler, fr. L. collum neck.]

Defn: To embrace. [Obs.] "They coll and kiss him." Latimer.

COLLABORATEUR
Col*la`bo*ra*teur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Collaborator.

COLLABORATION
Col*lab`o*ra"tion, n.

Defn: The act ofworking together; united labor.

COLLABORATOR Col*lab"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L. collaborare to labor together; col- + laborare to labor: cf. F. collaborateur.]

Defn: An associate in labor, especially in literary or scientific labor.

COLLAGEN
Col"la*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or glue.

COLLAGENOUS
Col*lag"e*nous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Containing or resembling collagen.

COLLAPSE
Col*lapse", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Collapsed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Collapsing] Etym: [L. collapsus, p. p. of collabi to collapse; col- +
labi to fall, slide. See Lapse.]

1. To fall together suddenly, as the sides of a hollow vessel; to close by falling or shrinking together; to have the sides or parts of (a thing) fall in together, or be crushed in together; as, a flue in the boiler of a steam engine sometimes collapses. A balloon collapses when the gas escapes from it. Maunder.

2. To fail suddenly and completely, like something hollow when subject to too much pressure; to undergo a collapse; as, Maximilian's government collapsed soon after the French army left Mexico; many financial projects collapse after attaining some success and importance.

COLLAPSE
Col*lapse", n.

1. A falling together suddenly, as of the sides of a hollow vessel.

2. A sudden and complete failure; an utter failure of any kind; a breakdown. [Colloq.]

3. (Med.)

Defn: Extreme depression or sudden failing o

COLLAPSION
Col*lap"sion, n. Etym: [L. collapsio.]

Defn: Collapse. [R.] Johnson.

COLLAR
Col"lar, n. Etym: [OE. coler, coller, OF. colier, F. collier,
necklace, collar, fr. OF. col neck, F. cou, fr. L. collum; akin to
AS. heals, G. & Goth. hals. Cf. Hals, n.]

1. Something worn round the neck, whether for use, ornament, restraint, or identification; as, the collar of a coat; a lady's collar; the collar of a dog.

2. (Arch.) (a) A ring or cinture. (b) A collar beam.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The neck or line of junction between the root of a plant and its stem. Gray.

4. An ornament worn round the neck by knights, having on it devises to designate their rank or order.

5. (Zoöl.) (a) A ringlike part of a mollusk in connection with esophagus. (b) A colored ring round the neck of a bird or mammal.

6. (Mech.)

Defn: A ring or round flange upon, surrounding, or against an object, and used for rastraining motion within given limits, or for holding something to its place, or for hibing an opening around an object; as, a collar on a shaft, used to prevent endwise motion of the shaft; a collar surrounding a stovepipe at the place where it enters a wall. The flanges of a piston and the gland of a stuffing box are sometimes called collars.

7. (Naut.)

Defn: An eye formed in the bight or bend of a shroud or stay to go over the masthead; also, a rope to which certain parts of rigging, as dead-eyes, are secured.

8. (Mining)

Defn: A curb, or a horizontal timbering, around the mouth of a shaft. Raymond. Collar beam (Arch.), a horizontal piece of timber connecting and tying together two opposite rafters; — also, called simply collar. — Collar of brawn, the quantity of brawn bound up in one parcel. [Eng.] Johnson. — Collar day, a day of great ceremony at the English court, when persons, who are dignitaries of honorary orders, wear the collars of those orders. — To slip the collar, to get free; to disentangle one's self from difficulty, labor, or engagement. Spenser.

COLLAR
Col"lar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collared; p. pr. & vb. n. Collaring.]

1. To seize by the collar.

2. To put a collar on. To collar beef (or other meat), to roll it up, and bind it close with a string preparatory to cooking it.

COLLAR BONE
Col"lar bone`. (Anat.)

Defn: The clavicle.

COLLARDS
Col"lards, n., pl. Etym: [Corrupted fr. colewort.]

Defn: Young cabbage, used as "greens"; esp. a kind cultivated for that purpose; colewort. [Colloq. Souther U. S.]

COLLARED
Col"lared, a.

1. Wearing a collar. "Collared with gold." Chaucer.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Wearing a collar; — said of a man or beast used as a bearing when a collar is represented as worn around the neck or loins.

3. Rolled up and bound close with a string; as, collared beef. See To collar beef, under Collar, v. t.

COLLARET; COLLARETTE
Col`lar*et", Col`la*rette", n. [F. collerette, dim. of collier. See
Collar.]

Defn: A small collar; specif., a woman's collar of lace, fur, or other fancy material.

COLLATABLE
Col*lat"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being collated. Coleridge.

COLLATE
Col*late", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collated; p. pr. & vb. n. Collating.]
Etym: [From Collation.]

1. To compare critically, as books or manuscripts, in order to note the points of agreement or disagreement. I must collage it, word, with the original Hebrew. Coleridge.

2. To gather and place in order, as the sheets of a book for binding.

3. (Eccl.)

Defn: To present and institute in a benefice, when the person presenting is both the patron and the ordinary; — followed by to.

4. To bestow or confer. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COLLATE
Col*late", v. i. (Ecl.)

Defn: To place in a benefice, when the person placing is both the
patron and the ordinary.
If the bishop neglets to collate within six months, the right to do
it devolves on the archbishop. Encyc. Brit.

COLLATERAL
Col*lat"er*al, a. Etym: [LL. collateralis; col- + lateralis lateral.
See Lateral.]

1. Coming from, being on, or directed toward, the side; as, collateral pressure. "Collateral light." Shak.

2. Acting in an indirect way. If by direct or by collateral hand They find us touched, we will our kingdom give . . . To you in satisfaction. Shak.

3. Related to, but not strictly a part of, the main thing or matter under consideration; hence, subordinate; not chief or principal; as, collateral interest; collateral issues. That he [Attebury] was altogether in the wrong on the main question, and on all the collateral questions springing out of it, . . . is true. Macaulay.

4. Tending toward the same conclusion or result as something else; additional; as, collateral evidence. Yet the attempt may give Collateral interest to this homely tale. Wordsworth.

5. (Genealogy)

Defn: Descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not in the same line or branch or one from the other; — opposed to lineal.

Note: Lineal descendants proceed one from another in a direct line; collateral relations spring from a common ancestor, but from different branches of that common stirps or stock. Thus the children of brothers are collateral relations, having different fathers, but a common grandfather. Blackstone.

Collateral assurance, that which is made, over and above the deed itself. — Collateral circulation (Med. & Physiol.), circulation established through indirect or subordinate branches when the supply through the main vessel is obstructed. — Collateral issue. (Law) (a) An issue taken upon a matter aside from the merits of the case. (b) An issue raised by a criminal convict who pleads any matter allowed by law in bar of execution, as pardon, diversity of person, etc. (c) A point raised, on cross- examination, aside from the issue fixed by the pleadings, as to which the answer of the witness, when given, cannot subsequently be contradicted by the party asking the question. — Collateral security, security for the performance of covenants, or the payment of money, besides the principal security,

COLLATERAL
Col*lat"er*al, n.

1. A collateral relative. Ayliffe.

2. Collateral security; that which is pledged or deposited as collateral security.

COLLATERALLY
Col*lat"er*al*ly, adv.

1. Side by side; by the side. These pulleys . . . placed collaterally. Bp. Wilkins.

2. In an indirect or subordinate manner; indirectly. The will hath force upon the conscience collaterally and indirectly. Jer. Taylor.

3. In collateral relation; not lineally.

COLLATERALNESS
Col*lat"er*al*ness, n.

Defn: The state of being collateral.

COLLATION Col*la"tion, n. Etym: [OE. collacioun speech, conference, reflection, OF. collacion, F. collation, fr. L. collatio a bringing together, comparing, fr. collatum (used as the supine of conferre); col- + latium (used as the supine of ferre to bear), for tlatum. See Tolerate, v. t.]

1. The act of collating or comparing; a comparison of one copy er thing (as of a book, or manuscript) with another of a like kind; comparison, in general. Pope.

2. (Print.)

Defn: The gathering and examination of sheets preparatory to binding.

3. The act of conferring or bestowing. [Obs.] Not by the collation of the king . . . but by the people. Bacon.

4. A conference. [Obs.] Chaucer.

5. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: The presentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift.

6. (Law) (a) The act of comparing the copy of any paper with its original to ascertain its conformity. (b) The report of the act made by the proper officers.

7. (Scots Law)

Defn: The right which an heir has of throwing the whole heritable and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equaly with others who are of the same degree of kindred.

Note: This also obtains in the civil law, and is found in the code of
Louisiana. Bouvier.

8. (Eccles.)

Defn: A collection of the Lives of the Fathers or other devout work read daily in monasteries.

9. A light repast or luncheon; as, a cold collation; — first applied to the refreshment on fast days that accompanied the reading of the collation in monasteries. A collation of wine and sweetmeats. Whiston. Collation of seals (Old Law), a method of ascertaining the genuineness of a seal by comparing it with another known to be genuine. Bouvier.

COLLATION
Col*la"tion, v. i.

Defn: To partake of a collation. [Obs.]
May 20, 1658, I . . . collationed in Spring Garden. Evelyn.

COLLATIONER
Col*la"tion*er, n. (Print.)

Defn: One who examines the sheets of a book that has just been printed, to ascertain whether they are correctly printed, paged, etc. [Eng.]

COLLATITIOUS
Col`la*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. collatitius. See Collation.]

Defn: Brought together; contributed; done by contributions. [Obs.]
Bailey.

COLLATIVE
Col*la"tive, a. Etym: [L. collativus brought together. ]

Defn: Passing or held by collation; — said of livings of which the bishop and the patron are the same person.

COLLATOR
Col*la"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. One who collates manuscripts, books, etc. Addison.

2. (Eccl. Law)

Defn: One who collates to a benefice.

3. One who confers any benefit. [Obs.] Feltham.

COLLAUD
Col*laud", v. t. Etym: [L. collaudare; col- + laudare to praise.]

Defn: To join in praising. [Obs.] Howell.

COLLEAGUE Col"league, n. Etym: [F. coll*gue, L. collega one chosen at the same time with another, a partner in office; col- + legare to send or choose as deputy. See Legate.]

Defn: A partner or associate in some civil or ecclesiastical office or employment. It is never used of partners in trade or manufactures.

Syn. — Helper; assistant; coadjutor; ally; associate; companion; confederate.

COLLEAGUE
Col*league", v.t & i.

Defn: To unite or associate with another or with others. [R.] Shak.

COLLEAGUESHIP
Col"league*ship, n.

Defn: Partnership in office. Milton.

COLLECT Col*lect", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collected; p. pr. & vb. n. Collecting.] Etym: [L. collecrus, p. p. of collerige to bind together; col- + legere to gather: cf. OF. collecter. See Legend, and cf. Coil, v. t., Cull, v. t.]

1. To gather into one body or place; to assemble or bring together; to obtain by gathering. A band of men Collected choicely from each country. Shak. 'Tis memory alone that enriches the mind, by preserving what our labor and industry daily collect. Watts.

2. To demand and obtain payment of, as an account, or other indebtedness; as, to collect taxes.

3. To infer from observed facts; to conclude from premises. [Archaic.] Shak. Which sequence, I conceive, is very ill collected. Locke. To collect one's self, to recover from surprise, embarrassment, or fear; to regain self-control.

Syn. — To gather; assemble; congregate; muster; accumulate; garner; aggregate; amass; infer; deduce.

COLLECT
Col*lect", v. i.

1. To assemble together; as, the people collected in a crowd; to accumulate; as, snow collects in banks.

2. To infer; to conclude. [Archaic] Whence some collect that the former word imports a plurality of persons. South.

COLLECT Col"lect, n. Etym: [LL. collecta, fr. L. collecta a collection in money; an assemblage, fr. collerige: cf. F. collecte. See Collect, v. t.]

Defn: A short, comprehensive prayer, adapted to a particular day, occasion, or condition, and forming part of a liturgy. The noble poem on the massacres of Piedmont is strictly a collect in verse. Macaulay.

COLLECTANEA Col`lec*ta"ne*a, n. pl. Etym: [Neut. pl. from L. collectaneus collected, fr. colligere. See Collect, v. t.]

Defn: Passages selected from various authors, usually for purposes of instruction; miscellany; anthology.

COLLECTED
Col*lect"ed, a.

1. Gathered together.

2. Self-possessed; calm; composed.

COLLECTEDLY
Col*lect"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: Composedly; coolly.

COLLECTEDNESS
Col*lect"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A collected state of the mind; self-possession.

COLLECTIBLE
Col*lect"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being collected.

COLLECTION
Col*lec"tion, n. Etym: [L. collectio: cf. F. collection.]

1. The act or process of collecting or of gathering; as, the collection of specimens.

2. That which is collected; as: (a) A gathering or assemblage of objects or of persons. "A collection of letters." Macaulay. (b) A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for freewill offerings. "The collection for the saints." 1 Cor. xvi. 1 (c) (Usually in pl.) That which is obtained in payment of demands. (d) An accumulation of any substance. "Collections of moisture." Whewell. "A purulent collection." Dunglison.

3. The act of inferring or concluding from premises or observed facts; also, that which is inferred. [Obs.] We may safely say thus, that wrong collections have been hitherto made out of those words by modern divines. Milton.

4. The jurisdiction of a collector of excise. [Eng.]

Syn. — Gathering; assembly; assemblage; group; crowd; congregation; mass; heap; compilation.

COLLECTIONAL
Col*lec"tion*al (-al), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to collecting. The first twenty-five [years] must have been wasted for collectional purposes. H. A. Merewether.

COLLECTIVE
Col*lect"ive, a. Etym: [L. collectivus: cf. F. collectif.]

1. Formed by gathering or collecting; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; congregated or aggregated; as, the collective body of a nation. Bp. Hoadley.

2. Deducing consequences; reasoning; inferring. [Obs.] "Critical and collective reason." Sir T. Browne.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, by a singular form; as, a collective name or noun, like assembly, army, juri, etc.

4. Tending to collect; forming a collection. Local is his throne . . . to fix a point, A central point, collective of his sons. Young.

5. Having plurality of origin or authority; as, in diplomacy, a note signed by the representatives of several governments is called a collective note. Collective fruit (Bot.), that which is formed from a mass of flowers, as the mulberry, pineapple, and the like; — called also multiple fruit. Gray.

COLLECTIVE
Col*lect"ive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: A collective noun or name.

COLLECTIVELY
Col*lect"ive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a mass, or body; in a collected state; in the aggregate; unitedly.

COLLECTIVENESS
Col*lect"ive*ness, n.

Defn: A state of union; mass.

COLLECTIVISM
Col*lect"iv*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectivisme.] (Polit. Econ.)

Defn: The doctrine that land and capital should be owned by society collectively or as a whole; communism. W. G. Summer.

COLLECTIVIST
Col*lect"iv*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collectiviste.]

Defn: An advocate of collectivism.
— a.

Defn: Relating to, or characteristic of, collectivism.

COLLECTIVITY
Col`lec*tiv"i*ty, n.

1. Quality or state of being collective.

2. The collective sum. aggregate, or mass of anything; specif., the people as a body; the state.

The proposition to give work by the collectivity is supposed to be in contravention of the sacred principle of monopolistic competition. W. D. Howells.

3. (Polit. Econ.) Collectivism.

COLLECTOR Col*lect"or, n. Etym: [LL. collector one who collects: cf. F. collecteur.]

1. One who collects things which are separate; esp., one who makes a business or practice of collecting works of art, objects in natural history, etc.; as, a collector of coins. I digress into Soho to explore a bookstall. Methinks I have been thirty years a collector. Lamb.

2. A compiler of books; one who collects scattered passages and puts them together in one book. Volumes without the collector's own reflections. Addison.

3. (Com.)

Defn: An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes, or toll. A great part of this is now embezzled . . . by collectors, and other officers. Sir W. Temple.

4. One authorized to collect debts.

5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, formerly appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent. Todd.

COLLECTORATE
Col*lect"or*ate, n.

Defn: The district of a collector of customs; a collectorship.

COLLECTORSHIP
Col*lect"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a collector of customs or of taxes.

COLLEEN
Col*leen", n. [Ir. cailin.]

Defn: A girl; a maiden. [Anglo-Irish]

Of all the colleens in the land
Sweet Mollie is the daisy.
The Century.

COLLEGATARY
Col*leg"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [L. collegetarius. See Legatary.] (Law)

Defn: A joint legatee.

COLLEGE
Col"lege, n. Etym: [F. collège, L. collegium, fr. collega colleague.
See Colleague.]

1. A collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common pursuits, or having common duties and interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and privileges; as, a college of heralds; a college of electors; a college of bishops. The college of the cardinals. Shak. Then they made colleges of sufferers; persons who, to secure their inheritance in the world to come, did cut off all their portion in this. Jer. Taylor.

2. A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in the higher branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and many American colleges.

Note: In France and some other parts of continental Europe, college is used to include schools occupied with rudimentary studies, and receiving children as pupils.

3. A building, or number of buildings, used by a college. "The gate of Trinity College." Macaulay.

4. Fig.: A community. [R.] Thick as the college of the bees in May. Dryden. College of justice, a term applied in Scotland to the supreme civil courts and their principal officers. — The sacred college, the college or cardinals at Rome.

COLLEGIAL
Col*le"gi*al, n. Etym: [LL. collegialis.]

Defn: Collegiate. [R.]

COLLEGIAN
Col*le"gi*an, n.

Defn: A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called; a student in a college.

COLLEGIATE
Col*le"gi*ate, a. Etym: [L. collegiatus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a college; as, collegiate studies; a collegiate society. Johnson. Collegiate church. (a) A church which, although not a bishop's seat, resembles a cathedral in having a college, or chapter of canons (and, in the Church of England, a dean), as Westminster Abbey. (b) An association of churches, possessing common revenues and administered under the joint pastorate of several ministers; as, the Reformed (Dutch) Collegiate Church of New York.

COLLEGIATE
Col*le"gi*ate, n.

Defn: A member of a college. Burton.

COLLEMBOLA
Col*lem"bo*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The division of Thysanura which includes Podura, and allied forms.

COLLENCHYMA
Col*len"chy*ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: A tissue of vegetable cells which are thickend at the angles and (usually) elongated.

COLLET
Col"let, n. Etym: [F. collet, dim. fr. L. collum neck. See Collar.]

1. A small collar or neckband. Foxe.

2. (Mech.)

Defn: A small metal ring; a small collar fastened on an arbor; as, the collet on the balance arbor of a watch; a small socket on a stem, for holding a drill.

3. (Jewelry) (a) The part of a ring containing the bezel in which the stone is set. (b) The flat table at the base of a brilliant. See Illust. of Brilliant. How full the collet with his jewel is! Cowley.

COLLETERIAL
Col`le*te"ri*al, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the colleterium of insects. R. Owen.

COLLETERIUM
Col`le*te"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL. See Colletic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ of female insects, containing a cement to unite the ejected ova.

COLLETIC
Col*let"ic, a. Etym: [L. colleticus suitable for gluing, Gr.

Defn: Agglutinant.
— n.

Defn: An agglutinant.

COLLEY
Col"ley, n.

Defn: See Collie.

COLLIDE Col*lide", v. i. Etym: [L. collidere, collisum; col- + laedere to strike. See Lesion.]

Defn: To strike or dash against each other; to come into collision; to clash; as, the vessels collided; their interests collided. Across this space the attraction urges them. They collide, they recoil, they oscillate. Tyndall. No longer rocking and swaying, but clashing and colliding. Carlyle.

COLLIDE
Col*lide", v. t.

Defn: To strike or dash against. [Obs.] Scintillations are . . . inflammable effluencies from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.

COLLIDINE
Col"li*dine, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a class of organic bases, C8H11N, usually pungent oily liquids, belonging to the pyridine series, and obtained from bone oil, coal tar, naphtha, and certain alkaloids.

COLLIE
Col"lie, n. Etym: [Gael. cuilean whelp, puppy, dog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Scotch shepherd dog. There are two breeds, the rough-haired and smooth-haired. It is remarkable for its intelligence, displayed especially in caring for flocks. [Written also colly, colley.]

COLLIED
Col"lied, p. & a.

Defn: Darkened. See Colly, v. t.

COLLIER
Col"lier, n. Etym: [OE. colier. See Coal.]

1. One engaged in the business of digging mineral coal or making charcoal, or in transporting or dealing in coal.

2. A vessel employed in the coal trade.

COLLIERY
Col"lier*y, n.; pl. Collieries. Etym: [Cf. Coalery, Collier.]

1. The place where coal is dug; a coal mine, and the buildings, etc., belonging to it.

2. The coal trade. [Obs.] Johnson.

COLLIFLOWER
Col"li*flow`er, n.

Defn: See Cauliflower.

COLLIGATE
Col"li*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colligated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Colligating.] Etym: [L. colligatus, p. p. of colligare to collect;
co- + ligare to bind.]

1. To tie or bind together. The pieces of isinglass are colligated in rows. Nicholson.

2. (Logic)

Defn: To bring together by colligation; to sum up in a single
proposition.
He had discovered and colligated a multitude of the most wonderful .
. . phenomena. Tundall.

COLLIGATE
Col"li*gate, a.

Defn: Bound together.

COLLIGATION
Col`li*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. colligatio.]

1. A binding together. Sir T. Browne.

2. (Logic)

Defn: That process by which a number of isolated facts are brought under one conception, or summed up in a general proposition, as when Kepler discovered that the various observed positions of the planet Mars were points in an ellipse. "The colligation of facts." Whewell. Colligation is not always induction, but induction is always colligation. J. S. Mill.

COLLIMATE
Col"li*mate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collimated; p. p. & vb. n.
Collimating.] Etym: [See Collimation.] (Physics & Astron.)

Defn: To render parallel to a certain line or direction; to bring into the same line, as the axes of telescopes, etc.; to render parallel, as rays of light.

Collimating eyepiece, an eyepiece with a diagonal reflector for illumination, used to determine the error of collimation in a transit instrument by observing the image of a cross wire reflected from mercury, and comparing its position in the field with that of the same wire seen directly. — Collimating lens (Optics), a lens used for producing parallel rays of light.

COLLIMATION Col`li*ma"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. collimation, fr. a false reading (collimare) for L. collineare to direct in a straight line; col- + linea line. Cf. Collineation.]

Defn: The act of collimating; the adjustment of the line of the sights, as the axial line of the telescope of an instrument, into its proper position relative to the other parts of the instrument. Error of collimation, the deviation of the line collimation of an astronomical instrument from the position it ought to have with respect to the axis of motion of the instrument. — Line of collimation, the axial line of the telescope of an astronomical or geodetic instrument, or the line which passes through the optical center of the object glass and the intersection of the cross wires at its focus.

COLLIMATOR
Col"li*ma`tor, n.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope arranged and used to determine errors of collimation, both vertical and horizontal. Nichol.

2. (Optics)

Defn: A tube having a convex lens at one end and at the other a small opening or slit which is at the principal focus of the lens, used for producing a beam of parallel rays; also, a lens so used.

COLLIN
Col"lin, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A very pure form of gelatin.

COLLINE
Col"line, n. Etym: [F. colline, fr. L. collis a hill.]

Defn: A small hill or mount. [Obs.]
And watered park, full of fine collines and ponds. Evelyn.

COLLINEATION Col*lin`e*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. collineare to direct in a straight line. See Collimation.]

Defn: The act of aiming at, or directing in a line with, a fixed object. [R.] Johnson.

COLLING
Coll"ing, n. Etym: [From Coll, v. t.]

Defn: An embrace; dalliance. [Obs.] Halliwell.

COLLINGLY
Coll"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With embraces. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

COLLINGUAL
Col*lin"gual, a.

Defn: Having, or pertaining to, the same language.

COLLIQUABLE
Col*liq"ua*ble, a.

Defn: Liable to melt, grow soft, or become fluid. [Obs.] Harvey.

COLLIQUAMENT
Col*liq"ua*ment, n.

Defn: The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. Dr. H. More.

COLLIQUATE
Col"li*quate, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Colliquated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Colliquating.] Etym: [Pref. col- + L. liquare, liquatum, to melt.]

Defn: To change from solid to fluid; to make or become liquid; to
melt. [Obs.]
The ore of it is colliquated by the violence of the fire. Boyle.
[Ice] will colliquate in water or warm oil. Sir T. Browne.

COLLIQUATION
Col`li*qua"tion, n.

1. A melting together; the act of melting; fusion. When sand and ashes are well melted together and suffered to cool, there is generated, by the colliquation, that sort of concretion we call "glass". Boyle.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A processive wasting or melting away of the solid parts of the animal system with copious excretions of liquids by one or more passages. [Obs.]

COLLIQUATIVE
Col*liq"ua*tive, a.

Defn: Causing rapid waste or exhaustion; melting; as, collequative sweats.

COLLIQUEFACTION Col*liq`ue*fac"tion, n. Etym: [L. colliquefactus melted; col- + liquefacere; liquere to be liquid + facere to make.]

Defn: A melting together; the reduction of different bodies into one
mass by fusion.
The incorporation of metals by simple colliquefaction. Bacon.

COLLISH
Col"lish, n. (Shoemaking)

Defn: A tool to polish the edge of a sole. Knight.

COLLISION
Col*li"sion, n. Etym: [L. collisio, fr. collidere. See Collide.]

1. The act of striking together; a striking together, as of two hard bodies; a violent meeting, as of railroad trains; a clashing.

2. A state of opposition; antagonism; interference. The collision of contrary false principles. Bp. Warburton. Sensitive to the most trifling collisions. W. Irving.

Syn.
— Conflict; clashing; encounter; opposition.

COLLISIVE
Col*li"sive, a.

Defn: Colliding; clashing. [Obs.]

COLLITIGANT
Col*lit"i*gant, a.

Defn: Disputing or wrangling. [Obs.] — n.

Defn: One who litigates or wrangles. [Obs.]

COLLOCATE
Col"lo*cate, a. Etym: [L. collocatus, p. p. of collocare. See Couch.]

Defn: Set; placed. [Obs.] Bacon.

COLLOCATE
Col"lo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collocated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Collocating.]

Defn: To set or place; to set; to station.
To marshal and collocate in order his battalions. E. Hall.

COLLOCATION
Col`lo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocatio.]

Defn: The act of placing; the state of being placed with something else; disposition in place; arrangement. The choice and collocation of words. Sir W. Jones.

COLLOCUTION Col`lo*cu"tion, n. Etym: [L. collocutio, fr. colloqui, -locutum, to converse; col- + loqui to speak. See Loquacious.]

Defn: A speaking or conversing together; conference; mutual discourse. Bailey.

COLLOCUTOR
Col"lo*cu`tor, n. Etym: [L. collocutor]

Defn: One of the speakers in a dialogue. Derham.

COLLODION
Col*lo"di*on, n. Etym: [Gr. Colloid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A solution of pyroxylin (soluble gun cotton) in ether containing a varying proportion of alcohol. It is strongly adhesive, and is used by surgeons as a containing for wounds; but its chief application is as a vehicle for the sensitive film in photography. Collodion process (Photog.), a process in which a film of sensitized collodion is used in preparing the plate for taking a picture. — Styptic collodion, collodion containing an astringent, as tannin.

COLLODIONIZE
Col*lo"di*on*ize, v. t.

Defn: To prepare or treat with collodion. R. Hunt.

COLLODIOTYPE
Col*lo"di*o*type, n.

Defn: A picture obtained by the collodion process; a melanotype or ambrotype.

COLLODIUM
Col*lo"di*um, n.

Defn: See Collodion.

COLLOGUE
Col*logue", v. i. Etym: [Cf. L. colloqui and E. dialogue. Cf.
Collocution.]

Defn: To talk or confer secretly and confidentially; to converse, especially with evil intentions; to plot mischief. [Archaic or Colloq.] Pray go in; and, sister, salve the matter, Collogue with her again, and all shall be well. Greene. He had been colloguing with my wife. Thackeray.

COLLOID
Col"loid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid. Cf. Collodion.]

Defn: Resembling glue or jelly; characterized by a jellylike appearance; gelatinous; as, colloid tumors.

COLLOID
Col"loid, n.

1. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A substance (as albumin, gum, gelatin, etc.) which is of a gelatinous rather than a crystalline nature, and which diffuses itself through animal membranes or vegetable parchment more slowly than crystalloids do; — opposed to crystalloid.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A gelatinous substance found in colloid degeneration and colloid cancer. Styptic colloid (Med.), a preparation of astringent and antiseptic substances with some colloid material, as collodion, for ready use.

COLLOIDAL
Col*loid"al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, colloids.

COLLOIDALITY
Col`loi*dal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being colloidal.

COLLOP Col"lop, n. Etym: [Of uncertain origin; cf. OF. colp blow, stroke, piece, F. coup, fr. L. colophus buffet, cuff, Gr. [Written also colp.]

1. A small slice of meat; a piece of flesh. God knows thou art a collop of my flesh. Shak. Sweetbread and collops were with skewers pricked. Dryden.

2. A part or piece of anything; a portion. Cut two good collops out of the crown land. Fuller.

COLLOPED
Col"loped, a.

Defn: Having ridges or bunches of flesh, like collops.
With that red, gaunt, and colloped neck astrain. R. Browning.

COLLOPHORE Col"lo*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.) (a) A suckerlike organ at the base of the abdomen of insects belonging to the Collembola. (b) An adhesive marginal organ of the Lucernariae.

COLLOQUIAL
Col*lo"qui*al, a. Etym: [See Colloqui.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or used in, conversation, esp. common and familiar conversation; conversational; hence, unstudied; informal; as, colloquial intercourse; colloquial phrases; a colloquial style. — Col*lo"qui*al*ly, adv. His [Johnson's] colloquial talents were, indeed, of the highest order. Macaulay.

COLLOQUIALISM
Col*lo"qui*al*ism, n.

Defn: A colloquial expression, not employed in formal discourse or writing.

COLLOQUIALIZE
Col*lo"qui*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To make colloquial and familiar; as, to colloquialize one's style of writing.

COLLOQUIST
Col"lo*quist, n.

Defn: A speaker in a colloquy or dialogue. Malone.

COLLOQUY
Col"lo*quy, n.; pl. Colloquies. Etym: [L. colloquium. See
Collocution.]

1. Mutual discourse of two or more persons; conference; conversation. They went to Worms, to the colloquy there about religion. A. Wood.

2. In some American colleges, a part in exhibitions, assigned for a certain scholarship rank; a designation of rank in collegiate scholarship.

COLLOTYPE
Col"lo*type, n. [Gr. glue + -type.]

Defn: A photomechanical print made directly from a hardened film of gelatin or other colloid; also, the process of making such prints. According to one method, the film is sensitized with potassium dichromate and exposed to light under a reversed negative. After the dichromate has been washed out, the film is soaked in glycerin and water. As this treatment causes swelling in those parts of the film which have been acted on by light, a plate results from which impressions can be taken with prepared ink. The albertype, phototype, and heliotype are collotypes.

COLLOW
Col"low, n.

Defn: Soot; smut. See 1st Colly. [Obs.]

COLLUCTANCY
Col*luc"tan*cy, n. Etym: [L. colluctari to struggle with.]

Defn: A struggling to resist; a striving against; resistance; opposition of nature. [Obs.]

COLLUCTATION Col`luc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. colluctatio, fr. colluctari to struggle with; col- + luctari to struggle.]

Defn: A struggling; a contention. [Obs.]
Colluctation with old hags and hobgoblins. Dr. H. More.

COLLUDE
Col*lude", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Colluded; p. pr. & vb. n. Colluding.]
Etym: [L. colludere, -lusum; col- + ludere to play. See Ludicrous.]

Defn: To have secretly a joint part or share in an action; to play into each other's hands; to conspire; to act in concert. If they let things take their course, they will be represented as colluding with sedition. Burke.

COLLUDER
Col*lud"er, n.

Defn: One who conspires in a fraud.

COLLUM
Col"lum, n.; pl. Colla. Etym: [L., neck.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: A neck or cervix. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Collar. Gray.

COLLUSION
Col*lu"sion, n. Etym: [L. collusio: cf. F. collusion. See Collude.]

1. A secret agreement and cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose; a playing into each other's hands; deceit; fraud; cunning. The foxe, maister of collusion. Spenser. That they [miracles] be done publicly, in the face of the world, that there may be no room to suspect artifice and collusion. Atterbury. By the ignorance of the merchants or dishonesty of the weavers, or the collusion of both, the ware was bad and the price excessive. Swift.

2. (Law)

Defn: An agreement between two or more persons to defraud a person of his rights, by the forms of law, or to obtain an object forbidden by law. Bouvier. Abbott.

Syn. — Collusion, Connivance. A person who is guilty of connivance intentionally overlooks, and thus sanctions what he was bound to prevent. A person who is guilty of collusion unites with others (playing into their hands) for fraudulent purposes.

COLLUSIVE
Col*lu"sive, a.

1. Characterized by collusion; done or planned in collusion. "Collusive and sophistical arguings." J. Trapp. "Collusive divorces." Strype.

2. Acting in collusion. "Collusive parties." Burke.
— Col*lu"sive*ly, adv.
— Col*lu"sive*ness, n.

COLLUSORY
Col*lu"so*ry, a. Etym: [L. collusorius.]

Defn: Collusive.

COLLUTORY
Col"lu*to*ry, n. Etym: [L. colluere, collutum, to wash.] (Med.)

Defn: A medicated wash for the mouth.

COLLUVIES Col*lu"vi*es, n. [L., a collection of washings, dregs, offscourings, fr. colluere to wash; col-+ luere to wash.]

1. A collection or gathering, as of pus, or rubbish, or odds and ends.

2. A medley; offscourings or rabble.

COLLY
Col"ly, n. Etym: [From Coal.]

Defn: The black grime or soot of coal. [Obs.] Burton.

COLLY
Col"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Collied; p. pr. & vb. n. Collying.]

Defn: To render black or dark, as of with coal smut; to begrime.
[Archaic.]
Thou hast not collied thy face enough. B. Jonson.
Brief as the lighting in the collied night. Shak.

COLLY
Col"ly, n.

Defn: A kind of dog. See Collie.

COLLYBIST
Col"ly*bist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A money changer. [Obs.]
In the face of these guilty collybists. Bp. Hall.

COLLYRIUM
Col*lyr"i*um, n.; pl. E. Collyriums, L. Collyria. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.
(Med.)

Defn: An application to the eye, usually an eyewater.

COLOBOMA Col`o*bo"ma, n. [NL. fr. Gr. , the part taken away in mutilation, fr. to mutilate.] (Anat. & Med.)

Defn: A defect or malformation; esp., a fissure of the iris supposed to be a persistent embryonic cleft.

COLOCOLO
Col`o*co"lo, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American wild cat (Felis colocolo), of the size of the ocelot.

COLOCYNTH
Col"ocynth, n. Etym: [L. colocynthis, Gr. Coloquintida.] (Med.)

Defn: The light spongy pulp of the fruit of the bitter cucumber (Citrullus, or Cucumis, colocynthis), an Asiatic plant allied to the watermelon; coloquintida. It comes in white balls, is intensely bitter, and a powerful cathartic. Called also bitter apple, bitter cucumber, bitter gourd.

COLOCYNTHIN
Col`o*cyn"thin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colocynthine.] (Chem.)

Defn: The active medicinal principle of colocynth; a bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside.

COLOGNE
Co*logne", n. Etym: [Originally made in Cologne, the French name of
Köln, a city in Germany.]

Defn: A perfumed liquid, composed of alcohol and certain aromatic oils, used in the toilet; — called also cologne water and eau de cologne.

COLOGNE EARTH
Co*logne" earth`. Etym: [From Cologne the city.] (Min.)

Defn: An earth of a deep brown color, containing more vegetable than mineral matter; an earthy variety of lignite, or brown coal.

COLOMBIER
Col"om*bier, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A large size of paper for drawings. See under Paper.

COLOMBIN
Co*lom"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Calumbin.

COLOMBO
Co*lom"bo, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLON Co"lon, n. Etym: [L. colon, colum, limb, member, the largest of the intestines, fr. Gr. colon. Cf. Colic.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: That part of the large intestines which extends from the cæcum to the rectum.

Note: [See Illust of Digestion.]

2. (Gram.)

Defn: A point or character, formed thus [:], used to separate parts of a sentence that are complete in themselves and nearly independent, often taking the place of a conjunction.

COLONEL
Colo"nel, n. Etym: [F. colonel, It. colonello, prop., the chief or
commander of a column, fr. colonna column, L. columna. See Column.]
(Mil.)

Defn: The chief officer of a regiment; an officer ranking next above a lieutenant colonel and next below a brigadier general.

COLONELCY
Colo"nel*cy, n. (Mil.)

Defn: The office, rank, or commission of a colonel.

COLONELSHIP
Colo"nel*ship, n.

Defn: Colonelcy. Swift.

COLONER
Col"o*ner, n.

Defn: A colonist. [Obs.] Holland

COLONIAL
Co*lo"ni*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. colonial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a colony; as, colonial rights, traffic, wars.

COLONIALISM
Co*lo"ni*al*ism, n.

1. The state or quality of, or the relationship involved in, being colonial.

The last tie of colonialism which bound us to the mother country is
broken.
Brander Matthews.

2. A custom, idea, feature of government, or the like, characteristic of a colony.

3. The colonial system or policy in political government or extension of territory.

COLONICAL
Co*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. colonus husbandman.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to husbandmen. [Obs.]

COLONIST
Col"o*nist, n.

Defn: A member or inhabitant of a colony.

COLONITIS
Col`o*ni"tis, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Colitis.

COLONIZATION
Col`o*ni*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colonisation.]

Defn: Tha act of colonizing, or the state of being colonized; the formation of a colony or colonies. The wide continent of America invited colonization. Bancroft.

COLONIZATIONIST
Col`o*ni*za"tion*ist, n.

Defn: A friend to colonization, esp. (U. S. Hist) to the colonization of Africa by emigrants from the colored population of the United States.

COLONIZE
Col"o*nize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colonized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Colonizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. coloniser.]

Defn: To plant or establish a colony or colonies in; to people with colonists; to migrate to and settle in. Bacon. They that would thus colonize the stars with inhabitants. Howell.

COLONIZE
Col"o*nize, v. i.

Defn: To remove to, and settle in, a distant country; to make a colony. C. Buchanan.

COLONIZER
Col"o*ni`zer, n.

Defn: One who promotes or establishes a colony; a colonist. Bancroft.

COLONNADE Col`on*nade", n. Etym: [F. colonnade, It. colonnata, fr. colonna column. See Colonel.] (Arch.)

Defn: A series or range of columns placed at regular intervals with all the adjuncts, as entablature, stylobate, roof, etc.

Note: When in front of a building, it is called a portico; when surrounding a building or an open court or square, a peristyle.

COLONY Col"o*ny, n.; pl. Colonies. Etym: [L. colonia, fr. colonus farmer, fr. colere to cultivate, dwell: cf. F. colonie. Cf. Culture.]

1. A company of people transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country, and remaining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state; as, the British colonies in America. The first settlers of New England were the best of Englishmen, well educated, devout Christians, and zealous lovers of liberty. There was never a colony formed of better materials. Ames.

2. The district or country colonized; a settlement.

3. A company of persons from the same country sojourning in a foreign city or land; as, the American colony in Paris.

4. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: A number of animals or plants living or growing together, beyond their usual range.

COLOPHANY
Col"o*pha`ny ( or ), n.

Defn: See Colophony.

COLOPHENE
Co"lo*phene ( or ), n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, oily liquid, formerly obtained by distillation of colophony. It is regarded as a polymeric form of terebenthene. Called also diterebene.

COLOPHON Col"o*phon, n. Etym: [L. colophon finishing stroke, Gr. culmen top, collis hill. Cf. Holm.]

Defn: An inscription, monogram, or cipher, containing the place and date of publication, printer's name, etc., formerly placed on the last page of a book. The colophon, or final description, fell into disuse, and . . . the title page had become the principal direct means of identifying the book. De Morgan. The book was uninjured from title page to colophon. Sir W. Scott.

COLOPHONITE Col"o*pho*nite ( or ), n. Etym: [Cf. F. colophonite. So named from its resemblance to the color of colophony.] (Min.)

Defn: A coarsely granular variety of garnet.

COLOPHONY
Col"o*pho`ny ( or ; 277), n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Rosin.

COLOQUINTIDA
Col`o*quin"ti*da, n.

Defn: See Colocynth. Shak.

COLOR Col"or, n. [Written also colour.] Etym: [OF. color, colur, colour, F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare to conceal (the color taken as that which covers). See Helmet.]

1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye, by which individual and specific differences in the hues and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay colors; sad colors, etc.

Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which rays of light produce different effects according to the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White, or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which fall upon them.

2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.

3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and spirits; ruddy complexion. Give color to my pale cheek. Shak.

4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as, oil colors or water colors.

5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything; semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance. They had let down the boat into the sea, under color as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship. Acts xxvii. 30. That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want a color for his death. Shak.

6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species. Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this color. Shak.

7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol (usually in the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship or regiment; the colors of a race horse (that is, of the cap and jacket worn by the jockey). In the United States each regiment of infantry and artillery has two colors, one national and one regimental. Farrow.

8. (Law)

Defn: An apparent right; as where the defendant in trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from the jury to the court. Blackstone.

Note: Color is express when it is asverred in the pleading, and implied when it is implied in the pleading. Body color. See under Body. — Color blindness, total or partial inability to distinguish or recognize colors. See Daltonism. — Complementary color, one of two colors so related to each other that when blended together they produce white light; — so called because each color makes up to the other what it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors, when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption. — Of color (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race; — commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro blood, pure or mixed. — Primary colors, those developed from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, — red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes called fundamental colors. — Subjective or Accidental color, a false or spurious color seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual change of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and with a circumference regulary subdiveded, is made to revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth, of the wheel appear to the eye of different shades of color varying with the rapidity of rotation. See Accidental colors, under Accidental.

COLOR
Col"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Colored; p. pr. & vb. n. Coloring.] Etym:
[F. colorer.]

1. To change or alter the bue or tint of, by dyeing, staining, painting, etc.; to dye; to tinge; to aint; to stain. The rays, to speak properly, are not colored; in them there is nothing else than a certain power and disposition to stir up a sensation of this or that color. Sir I. Newton.

2. To change or alter, as if by dyeing or painting; to give a false appearance to; usually, to give a specious appearance to; to cause to appear attractive; to make plausible; to palliate or excuse; as, the facts were colored by his prejudices. He colors the falsehood of Æneas by an express command from Jupiter to forsake the queen. Dryden.

3. To hide. [Obs.] That by his fellowship he color might Both his estate and love from skill of any wight. Spenser.

COLOR
Col"or, v. i.

Defn: To acquire color; to turn red, especially in the face; to blush.

COLORABLE
Col"or*a*ble, a.

Defn: Specious; plausible; having an appearance of right or justice.
"Colorable pretense for infidility." Bp. Stillingfleet.
— Col"or*a*ble*ness, n.
— Col"or*a*bly, adv.
Colorable and subtle crimes, that seldom are taken within the walk of
human justice. Hooker.

COLORADO BEETLE
Col`o*ra"do bee"tle. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A yellowish beetle (Doryphora decemlineata), with ten longitudinal, black, dorsal stripes. It has migrated eastwards from its original habitat in Colorado, and is very destructive to the potato plant; — called also potato beetle and potato bug. See Potato beetle.

COLORADO GROUP
Col`o*ra"do group. (Geol.)

Defn: A subdivision of the cretaceous formation of western North America, especially developed in Colorado and the upper Missouri region.

COLORADOITE
Col`o*ra"do*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: Mercury telluride, an iron-black metallic mineral, found in
Colorado.

COLORATE
Col"or*ate, a. Etym: [L. coloratus, p. p. of colorare to color.]

Defn: Colored. [Obs.] Ray.

COLORATION
Col`or*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act or art of coloring; the state of being colored. Bacon. The females . . . resemble each other in their general type of coloration. Darwin.

COLORATURE
Col"or*a*ture, n. Etym: [Cf. G. coloratur, fr. LL. coloratura.]
(Mus.)

Defn: Vocal music colored, as it were, by florid ornaments, runs, or rapid passages.

COLOR-BLIND
Col"or-blind, a.

Defn: Affected with color blindness. See Color blindness, under
Color, n.

COLORED
Col"ored, a.

1. Having color; tinged; dyed; painted; stained. The lime rod, colored as the glede. Chaucer. The colored rainbow arched wide. Spenser.

2. Specious; plausible; aborned so as to appear well; as, a highly colored description. Sir G. C. Lewis. His colored crime with craft to cloke. Spenser.

3. Of some other color than black or white.

4. (Ethnol.)

Defn: Of some other color than white; specifically applied to negroes or persons having negro blood; as, a colored man; the colored people.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Of some other color than green. Colored, meaning, as applied to foliage, of some other color than green. Gray.

Note: In botany, green is not regarded as a color, but white is.
Wood.

COLORIFIC Col`or*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. color color + facere to make: cf. F. colorifique.]

Defn: Capable of communicating color or tint to other bodies.

COLORIMETER
Col`or*im"e*ter, n. Etym: [Color + -meter: cf. F. colorimètre.]

Defn: An instrument for measuring the depth of the color of anything, especially of a liquid, by comparison with a standard liquid.

COLORIMETRY
Col`or*im"e*try, n. [See Colorimeter.]

1.

Defn: The quantitative determination of the depth of color of a substance.

2. A method of quantitative chemical analysis based upon the comparison of the depth of color of a solution with that of a standard liquid.

COLORING
Col"or*ing, n.

1. The act of applying color to; also, that which produces color.

2. Change of appearance as by addition of color; appearance; show; disguise; misrepresentation. Tell the whole story without coloring or gloss. Compton Reade. Dead coloring. See under Dead.

COLORIST
Col"or*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. coloriste.]

Defn: One who colors; an artist who excels in the use of colors; one
to whom coloring is of prime importance.
Titian, Paul Veronese, Van Dyck, and the rest of the good colorists.
Dryden.

COLORLESS
Col"or*less, a.

1. Without color; not distinguished by any hue; transparent; as, colorless water.

2. Free from any manifestation of partial or peculiar sentiment or feeling; not disclosing likes, dislikes, prejudice, etc.; as, colorless music; a colorless style; definitions should be colorless.

COLORMAN
Col"or*man, n.; pl. Colormen.

Defn: A vender of paints, etc. Simmonds.

COLOR SERGEANT
Col"or ser"geant.

Defn: See under Sergeant.

COLOSSAL
Co*los"sal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cossal, L. colosseus. See Colossus.]

1. Of enormous size; gigantic; huge; as, a colossal statue. "A colossal stride." Motley.

2. (Sculpture & Painting)

Defn: Of a size larger than heroic. See Heroic.

COLOSSEAN
Col`os*se"an, a.

Defn: Colossal. [R.]

COLOSSEUM
Col`os*se"um, n. Etym: [Neut., fr. L. coloseus gigantic. See
Coliseum.]

Defn: The amphitheater of Vespasian in Rome. [Also written Coliseum.]

COLOSSUS
Co*los"sus, n.; pl. L. Colossi, E. Colossuses. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome, the Colossus of Apollo at Rhodes. He doth bestride the narrow world Like a colossus. Shak.

Note: There is no authority for the statement that the legs of the
Colossus at Rhodes extended over the mouth of the harbor. Dr. Wm.
Smith.

2. Any man or beast of gigantic size.

COLOSTRUM Co*los"trum, n. Etym: [L., biestings.] (Med.) (a) The first milk secreted after delivery; biestings. (b) A mixture of turpentine and the yolk of an egg, formerly used as an emulsion.

COLOTOMY
Co*lot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An operation for opening the colon

COLOUR
Col"our, n.

Defn: See Color.

COLP
Colp, n.

Defn: See Collop.

COLPORTAGE
Col"por`tage, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The distribution of religious books, tracts, etc., by colporteurs.

COLPORTER
Col"por`ter, n.

Defn: Same as Colporteur.

COLPORTEUR
Col"por`teur, n. Etym: [F. colporteur one who carries on his neck,
fr. colporter to carry on one's neck; col (L. collum) neck + porter
(L. portare) to carry.]

Defn: A hawker; specifically, one who travels about selling and distributing religious tracts and books.

COLSTAFF
Col"staff`, n. Etym: [F. col neck + E. staff. Cf. Coll.]

Defn: A staff by means of which a burden is borne by two persons on their shoulders.

COLT Colt (; 110), n. Etym: [OE. colt a young horse, ass, or camel, AS. colt; cf. dial. Sw. kullt a boy, lad.]

1. The young of the equine genus or horse kind of animals; — sometimes distinctively applied to the male, filly being the female. Cf. Foal.

Note: In sporting circles it is usual to reckon the age of colts from some arbitrary date, as from January 1, or May 1, next preceding the birth of the animal.

2. A young, foolish fellow. Shak.

3. A short knotted rope formerly used as an instrument of punishment in the navy. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Colt's tooth, an imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses. — To cast one's colt's tooth, to cease from youthful wantonness. "Your colt's tooth is not cast yet." Shak. — To have a colt's tooth, to be wanton. Chaucer.

COLT
Colt (; 110), v. i.

Defn: To frisk or frolic like a colt; to act licentiously or
wantonly. [Obs.]
They shook off their bridles and began to colt. Spenser.

COLT
Colt, v. t.

1. To horse; to get with young. Shak.

2. To befool. [Obs.] Shak.

COLTER
Col"ter, n. Etym: [AS. culter, fr. L. culter plowshare, knife. Cf.
Cutlass.]

Defn: A knife or cutter, attached to the beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard. [Written also coulter.]

COLTISH
Colt"ish, a.

Defn: Like a colt; wanton; frisky.
He was all coltish, full of ragery. Chaucer.
— Colt"ish*ly, adv.
— Colt"ish*ness, n.

COLT PISTOL
Colt pistol. (Firearms)

Defn: A self-loading or semi-automatic pistol with removable magazine in the handle holding seven cartridges. The recoil extracts and ejects the empty cartridge case, and reloads ready for another shot. Called also Browning, and Colt-Browning, pistol.

COLT REVOLVER
Colt revolver. (Firearms)

Defn: A revolver made according to a system using a patented revolving cylinder, holding six cartridges, patented by Samuel Colt, an American inventor, in 1835. With various modifications, it has for many years been the standard for the United States army.

COLTSFOOT
Colts"foot`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A perennial herb (Tussilago Farfara), whose leaves and rootstock are sometimes employed in medicine. Butterbur coltsfoot (Bot.), a European plant (Petasites vulgaris).

COLT'S TOOTH
Colt's" tooth`.

Defn: See under Colt.

COLUBER
Col"u*ber, n. Etym: [L., a serpent.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of harmless serpents.

Note: Linnæus placed in this genus all serpents, whether venomous or not, whose scales beneath the tail are arranged in pairs; but by modern writers it is greatly restricted.

COLUBRINE
Col"u*brine, a. Etym: [L. colubrinus.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: like or related to snakes of the genus Coluber.

2. Like a snake; cunning; crafty. Johnson.

COLUGO
Co*lu"go, n. Etym: [Prob. an aboriginal name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A peculiar East Indian mammal (Galleopithecus volans), having along the sides, connecting the fore and hind limbs, a parachutelike membrane, by means of which it is able to make long leaps, like the flying squirrel; — called also flying lemur.

COLUMBA
Co*lum"ba, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLUMBAE
Co*lum"bæ, n. pl.; Etym: [L. columba pigeon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of birds, including the pigeons.

COLUMBARIUM Col`um*ba"ri*um, n.; pl. L. Columbaria Etym: [L. See Columbary.] (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A dovecote or pigeon house. (b) A sepulchral chamber with niches for holding cinerary urns.

COLUMBARY Col"um*ba*ry, n.; pl. Columbaries. Etym: [L. columbarium, fr. columba a dove.]

Defn: A dovecote; a pigeon house. Sir T. Browne.

COLUMBATE
Co*lum"bate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colombate. See Columbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of columbic acid; a niobate. See Columbium.

COLUMBATZ FLY
Co*lum"batz fly`. Etym: [From Kolumbatz, a mountain in Germany.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: See Buffalo fly, under Buffalo.

COLUMBELLA
Col`um*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. columba a dove. So called
from a fancied resemblance in color and form, of some species.]
(Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of univale shells, abundant in tropical seas. Some species, as Columbella mercatoria, were formerly used as shell money.

COLUMBIA
Co*lum"bi*a, n.

Defn: America; the United States; — a poetical appellation given in honor of Columbus, the discoverer. Dr. T. Dwight.

COLUMBIAD
Co*lum"bi*ad, n. Etym: [From Columbia the United States.] (Mil.)

Defn: A form of seacoast cannon; a long, chambered gun designed for throwing shot or shells with heavy charges of powder, at high angles of elevation.

Note: Since the War of 1812 the Columbiad has been much modified form now used in seacoast defense is often called the Rodman gun.

COLUMBIAN
Co*lum"bi*an, a. Etym: [From Columbia.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the United States, or to America.

COLUMBIC
Co*lum"bic, a. Etym: [From Columbium.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, columbium or niobium; niobic. Columbic acid (Chem.), a weak acid derived from columbic or niobic oxide, Nb2O5; — called also niobic acid.

COLUMBIC
Co*lum"bic, a. Etym: [From Columbo.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, the columbo root. Columbic acid (Chem.), an organic acid extracted from the columbo root as a bitter, yellow, amorphous substance.

COLUMBIER
Co*lum"bi*er, n.

Defn: See Colombier.

COLUMBIFEROUS
Col"um*bif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Columbium + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or containing columbium.

COLUMBIN
Co*lum"bin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline, bitter substance. See Calumbin.

COLUMBINE
Col"um*bine, a. Etym: [L. columbinus, fr. columba dove.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a dove; dovelike; dove-colored. "Columbine innocency." Bacon.

COLUMBINE Col"um*bine, n. Etym: [LL. columbina, L. columbinus dovelike, fr. columba dove: cf. F. colombine. Perh. so called from the beaklike spurs of its flowers.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of several species of the genus Aquilegia; as, A. vulgaris, or the common garden columbine; A. Canadensis, the wild red columbine of North America.

2. The mistress or sweetheart of Harlequin in pantomimes. Brewer.

COLUMBITE
Co*lum"bite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. colombite. See Columbium.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a black color, submetallic luster, and high specific specific gravity. It is a niobate (or columbate) of iron and manganese, containing tantalate of iron; — first found in New England.

COLUMBIUM
Co*lum"bi*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Columbia America.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the vanadium group, first found in a variety of the mineral columbite occurring in Connecticut, probably at Haddam. Atomic weight 94.2. Symbol Cb or Nb. Now more commonly called niobium.

COLUMBO
Co*lum"bo, n. (Med.)

Defn: See Calumba.

COLUMBUS DAY
Co*lum"bus Day.

Defn: The 12th day of October, on which day in 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America, landing on one of the Bahama Islands (probably the one now commonly called Watling Island), and naming it "San Salvador"; — called also Discovery Day. This day is made a legal holiday in many States of The United States.

COLUMELLA
Col`u*mel"la, n. Etym: [L., dim. of columen column. See Column.]

1. (Bot.) (a) An axis to which a carpel of a compound pistil may be attached, as in the case of the geranium; or which is left when a pod opens. (b) A columnlike axis in the capsule of mosses.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A term applied to various columnlike parts; as, the columnella, or epipterygoid bone, in the skull of many lizards; the columella of the ear, the bony or cartilaginous rod connecting the tympanic membrane with the internal ear.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The upright pillar in the axis of most univalve shells. (b) The central pillar or axis of the calicles of certain corals.

COLUMELLIFORM
Col`u*mel"li*form, a. Etym: [Columella + -form.]

Defn: Shaped like a little column, or columella.

COLUMN Col"umn, n. Etym: [L. columna, fr. columen, culmen, fr. cellere (used only in comp.), akin to E. excel, and prob. to holm. See Holm, and cf. Colonel.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A kind of pillar; a cylindrical or polygonal support for a roof, ceiling, statue, etc., somewhat ornamented, and usually composed of base, shaft, and capital. See Order.

2. Anything resembling, in form or position, a column an architecture; an upright body or mass; a shaft or obelisk; as, a column of air, of water, of mercury, etc. ; the Column Vendôme; the spinal column.

3. (Mil.) (a) A body of troops formed in ranks, one behind the other; — contradistinguished from line. Compare Ploy, and Deploy. (b) A small army.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A number of ships so arranged as to follow one another in single or double file or in squadrons; — in distinction from "line", where they are side by side.

5. (Print.)

Defn: A perpendicular set of lines, not extending across the page, and separated from other matter by a rule or blank space; as, a column in a newspaper.

6. (Arith.)

Defn: A perpendicular line of figures.

7. (Bot.)

Defn: The body formed by the union of the stamens in the Mallow family, or of the stamens and pistil in the orchids. Attached column. See under Attach, v. t. — Clustered column. See under Cluster, v. t. — Column rule, a thin strip of brass separating columns of type in the form, and making a line between them in printing.

COLUMNAR
Co*lum"*nar, a. Etym: [L. columnaris, fr. columna.]

Defn: Formed in columns; having the form of a column or columns; like the shaft of a column. Columnar epithelium (Anat.), epithelium in which the cells are priismatic in form, and set upright on the surface they cover. — Columnar structure (Geol.), a structure consisting of more or less regular columns, usually six-sided, but sometimes with eight or more sides. The columns are often fractured transversely, with a cup joint, showing a concave surface above. This structure is characteristic of certain igneous rocks, as basalt, and is due to contraction in cooling.

COLUMNARITY
Col`um*nar"i*ty, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being columnar.

COLUMNATED
Co*lum"na*ted, a.

Defn: Having columns; as, columnated temples.

COLUMNED
Col"umned, a.

Defn: Having columns.
Troas and Ilion's columned citadel. Tennyson.

COLUMNIATION
Co*lum`ni*a"tion, n.

Defn: The employment or arrangement of columns in a structure. Gwilt.

COLURE
Co*lure", n.; pl. Colures. Etym: [F. colure, L. coluri, pl., fr. Gr.
(Astron. & Geog.)

Defn: One of two great circles intersecting at right angles in the poles of the equator. One of them passes through the equinoctial points, and hence is denominated the equinoctial colure; the other intersects the equator at the distance of 90º from the former, and is called the solstitial colure. Thrice the equinoctial line He circled; four times crossed the car of night From pole to pole, traversing each colure. Milton.

COLY
Co"ly, n.; pl. Colies. Etym: [NL. colius, prob. fr. Gr.

Defn: Any bird of the genus Colius and allied genera. They inhabit
Africa.

COLZA Col"za, n. Etym: [F., fr. D. koolzaad, prob., cabbage seed; kool (akin to E. cole) + zaad akin to E. seed.] (Bot.)

Defn: A variety of cabbage (Brassica oleracea), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes; summer rape.

COM-
Com-.

Defn: A prefix from the Latin preposition cum, signifying with, together, in conjunction, very, etc. It is used in the form com- before b, m, p, and sometimes f, and by assimilation becomes col- before l, cor- before r, and con- before any consonant except b, h, l, m, p, r, and w. Before a vowel com- becomes co-; also before h, w, and sometimes before other consonants.

COMA
Co"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cemetery.]

Defn: A state of profound insensibility from which it is difficult or impossible to rouse a person. See Carus.

COMA
Co"ma, n. Etym: [L., hair, fr. Gr.

1. (Astron.)

Defn: The envelope of a comet; a nebulous covering, which surrounds the nucleus or body of a comet.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A tuft or bunch, — as the assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree; or a cluster of brachts when empty and terminating the inflorescence of a plant; or a tuft of long hairs on certain seeds. Coma Berenices ( Etym: [L.] (Astron.), a small constellation north of Virgo; — called also Berenice's Hair.

COMANCHES
Co*man"ches ( or ), n. pl.; sing. Comanche ( or ) . (Ethnol.)

Defn: A warlike, savage, and nomadic tribe of the Shoshone family of
Indians, inhabiting Mexico and the adjacent parts of the United
States; — called also Paducahs. They are noted for plundering and
cruelty.

COMART
Co"mart`, n.

Defn: A covenant. [Obs.] Shak.

COMATE Co"mate, a. Etym: [L. comatus, fr. comare to clothe with hair, fr. coma hair.]

Defn: Encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair; hairy.

CO-MATE
Co"-mate`, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + mate.]

Defn: A companion. Shak.

COMATOSE
Co"ma*tose` ( or ; 277), a. Etym: [From Coma lethargy.]

Defn: Relating to, or resembling, coma; drowsy; lethargic; as, comatose sleep; comatose fever.

COMATOUS
Co"ma*tous, a.

Defn: Comatose.

COMATULA Co*mat"u*la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. comatulus having hair neatly curled, dim. fr. coma hair.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A crinoid of the genus Antedon and related genera. When young they are fixed by a stem. When adult they become detached and cling to seaweeds, etc., by their dorsal cirri; — called also feather stars.

COMATULID
Co*mat"u*lid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any crinoid of the genus Antedon or allied genera.

COMB Comb (; 110), n. Etym: [AS.. camb; akin to Sw., Dan., & D. kam, Icel. kambr, G. kamm, Gr. jambha tooth.]

1. An instrument with teeth, for straightening, cleansing, and adjusting the hair, or for keeping it in place.

2. An instrument for currying hairy animals, or cleansing and smoothing their coats; a currycomb.

3. (Manuf. & Mech.) (a) A toothed instrument used for separating and cleansing wool, flax, hair, etc. (b) The serrated vibratory doffing knife of a carding machine. (c) A former, commonly cone-shaped, used in hat manufacturing for hardening the soft fiber into a bat. (d) A tool with teeth, used for chasing screws on work in a lathe; a chaser. (e) The notched scale of a wire micrometer. (f) The collector of an electrical machine, usually resembling a comb.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) The naked fleshy crest or caruncle on the upper part of the bill or hood of a cock or other bird. It is usually red. (b) One of a pair of peculiar organs on the base of the abdomen of scorpions.

5. The curling crest of a wave.

6. The waxen framework forming the walls of the cells in which bees store their honey, eggs, etc.; honeycomb. "A comb of honey." Wyclif. When the bee doth leave her comb. Shak.

7. The thumbpiece of the hammer of a gunlock, by which it may be cocked.

COMB
Comb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Combed; p. pr. & vb. n. Combing.]

Defn: To disentangle, cleanse, or adjust, with a comb; to lay smooth
and straight with, or as with, a comb; as, to comb hair or wool. See
under Combing.
Comb down his hair; look, look! it stands upright. Shak.

COMB
Comb, v. i. Etym: [See Comb, n., 5.] (Naut.)

Defn: To roll over, as the top or crest of a wave; to break with a white foam, as waves.

COMB; COMBE
Comb, Combe ( or ), n. Etym: [AS. comb, prob. of Celtic origin; cf.
W. cwm a dale, valley.]

Defn: That unwatered portion of a valley which forms its continuation
beyond and above the most elevated spring that issues into it.
[Written also coombe.] Buckland.
A gradual rise the shelving combe Displayed. Southey.

COMB
Comb, n.

Defn: A dry measure. See Coomb.

COMBAT
Com"bat ( or ; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Combated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Combating.] Etym: [F. combattre; pref. com- + battre to beat, fr. L.
battuere to strike. See Batter.]

Defn: To struggle or contend, as with an opposing force; to fight.
To combat with a blind man I disdain. Milton.
After the fall of the republic, the Romans combated only for the
choice of masters. Gibbon.

COMBAT
Com"bat, v. t.

Defn: To fight with; to oppose by force, argument, etc.; to contend
against; to resist.
When he the ambitious Norway combated. Shak.
And combated in silence all these reasons. Milton.
Minds combat minds, repelling and repelled. Goldsmith.

Syn. — To fight against; resist; oppose; withstand; oppugn; antagonize; repel; resent.

COMBAT
Com"bat, n. Etym: [Cf. F. combat.]

1. A fight; a contest of violence; a struggle for supremacy.
My courage try by combat, if thou dar'st. Shak.
The noble combat that 'twixt joy and sorrow was fought in Paulina.
Shak.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: An engagement of no great magnitude; or one in which the parties engaged are not armies. Single combat, one in which a single combatant meets a single opponent, as in the case of David and Goliath; also a duel.

Syn. — A battle; engagement; conflict; contest; contention; struggle; fight, strife. See Battle, Contest.

COMBATABLE
Com"bat*a*ble ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. combattable.]

Defn: Such as can be, or is liable to be, combated; as, combatable foes, evils, or arguments.

COMBATANT
Com"bat*ant, a. Etym: [F. combattant, p. pr.]

Defn: Contending; disposed to contend. B. Jonson.

COMBATANT
Com"bat*ant, n. Etym: [F. combattant.]

Defn: One who engages in combat. "The mighty combatants." Milton.
A controversy which long survived the original combatants. Macaulay

COMBATER
Com"bat*er, n.

Defn: One who combats. Sherwood.

COMBATIVE
Com"bat*ive or

Defn: (

COMBATIVENESS
Com"bat*ive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being combative; propensity to contend or to quarrel.

2. (Phren.)

Defn: A cranial development supposed to indicate a combative disposition.

COMBATTANT
Com`bat`tant", a. Etym: [F.] (Her.)

Defn: In the position of fighting; — said of two lions set face to face, each rampant.

COMBBROACH
Comb"broach`, n.

Defn: A tooth of a wool comb. [Written also combrouch.]

COMBE
Combe ( or ), n.

Defn: See Comb.

COMBER
Comb"er, n.

1. One who combs; one whose occupation it is to comb wool, flax, etc. Also, a machine for combing wool, flax, etc.

2. A long, curling wave.

COMBER
Com"ber, v. t.

Defn: To cumber. [Obs.] Spenser.

COMBER
Com"ber, n.

Defn: Encumbrance. [Obs.]

COMBER
Com"ber, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cabrilla. Also, a name applied to a species of wrasse.
[Prov. Eng.]

COMBINABLE
Com*bin"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. combinable.]

Defn: Capable of combinding; consistent with. [R.] M. Arnold.
— Com*bin"a*ble*ness, n.

COMBINATE
Com"bi*nate, a. Etym: [LL. combinatus, p. p.]

Defn: United; joined; betrothed. [R.]

COMBINATION
Com`bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [LL. combinatio. See Combine.]

1. The act or process of combining or uniting persons and things. Making new compounds by new combinations. Boyle. A solemn combination shall be made Of our dear souls. Shak.

2. The result of combining or uniting; union of persons or things; esp. a union or alliance of persons or states to effect some purpose; — usually in a bad sense. A combination of the most powerful men in Rome who had conspired my ruin. Melmoth.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of uniting by chemical affinity, by which substances unite with each other in definite proportions by weight to form distinct compounds.

4. pl. (Math.)

Defn: The different arrangements of a number of objects, as letters, into groups.

Note: In combinations no regard is paid to the order in which the objects are arranged in each group, while in variations and permutations this order is respected. Brande & C. Combination car, a railroad car containing two or more compartments used for different purposes. [U. S.] — Combination lock, a lock in which the mechanism is controlled by means of a movable dial (sometimes by several dials or rings) inscribed with letters or other characters. The bolt of the lock can not be operated until after the dial has been so turned as to combine the characters in a certain order or succession. — Combination room, in the University of Cambridge, Eng., a room into which the fellows withdraw after dinner, for wine, dessert, and conversation. — Combination by volume (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio by which gaseous elements and compounds unite in definite proportions by volume to form distinct compounds. — Combination by weight (Chem.), the act, process, or ratio, in which substances unite in proportions by weight, relatively fixed and exact, to form distinct compounds. See Law of definite proportions, under Definite.

Syn. — Cabal; alliance; association; league; union; confederacy; coalition; conspiracy. See Cabal.

COMBINE
Com*bine", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Combined; p. pr. & vb. n. Combining.]
Etym: [LL. combinare, combinatum; L. com- + binus, pl. bini, two and
two, double: cf. F. combiner. See Binary.]

1. To unite or join; to link closely together; to bring into harmonious union; to cause or unite so as to form a homogeneous, as by chemical union. So fitly them in pairs thou hast combined. Milton. Friendship is the which really combines mankind. Dr. H. More. And all combined, save what thou must combine By holy marriage. Shak. Earthly sounds, though sweet and well combined. Cowper.

2. To bind; to hold by a moral tie. [Obs.] I am combined by a sacred vow. Shak.

COMBINE
Com*bine", v. i.

1. To form a union; to agree; to coalesce; to confederate.
You with your foes combine, And seem your own destruction to design
Dryden.
So sweet did harp and voice combine. Sir W. Scott.

2. To unite by affinity or natural attraction; as, two substances, which will not combine of themselves, may be made to combine by the intervention of a third.

3. (Card Playing)

Defn: In the game of casino, to play a card which will take two or more cards whose aggregate number of pips equals those of the card played. Combining weight (Chem.), that proportional weight, usually referred to hydrogen as a standard, and for each element fixed and exact, by which an element unites with another to form a distinct compound. The combining weights either are identical with, or are multiples or multiples of, the atomic weight. See Atomic weight, under Atomic, a.

COMBINED
Com*bined", a.

Defn: United closely; confederated; chemically united.

COMBINEDLY
Com*bin"ed*ly, adv. In combination or coöperation

Defn: ; jointly.

COMBINER
Com*bin"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, combines.

COMBING
Comb"ing, n.

1. The act or process of using a comb or a number of combs; as, the combing of one's hair; the combing of wool.

Note: The process of combing is used in straightening wool of long staple; short wool is carded.

2. pl. (a) That which is caught or collected with a comb, as loose, tangled hair. (b) Hair arranged to be worn on the head. The baldness, thinness, and . . . deformity of their hair is supplied by borders and combings. Jer. Taylor. (c) (Naut.)

Defn: See Coamings. Combing machine (Textile Manuf.), a machine for combing wool, flax, cotton, etc., and separating the longer and more valuable fiber from the shorter. See also Carding machine, under Carding.

COMBLESS
Comb"less, a.

Defn: Without a comb or crest; as, a combless ceck.

COMBOLOIO
Com`bo*lo"io, n.

Defn: A Mohammedan rosary, consisting of ninety-nine beads. Byron.

COMB-SHAPED
Comb"-shaped`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pectinate.

COMBUST Com*bust", a. Etym: [L. combustus, p. p. of comburere to burn up; com- + burere (only in comp.), of uncertian origin; cf. bustum fineral pyre, prurire to itch, pruna a live coal, Gr. plush to burn.]

1. Burnt; consumed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: So near the sun as to be obscured or eclipsed by his light, as
the moon or planets when not more than eight degrees and a half from
the sun. [Obs.]
Planets that are oft combust. Milton.

COMBUSTIBILITY
Com*bus`ti*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being combustible.

COMBUSTIBLE
Com*bus"ti*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. combustble.]

1. Capable of taking fire and burning; apt to catch fire; inflammable. Sin is to the soul like fire to combustible matter. South.

2. Ea Arnold was a combustible character. W. Irving.

COMBUSTIBLE
Com*bus"ti*ble, n.

Defn: A substance that may bee set on fire, or which is liable to
take fire and burn.
All such combustibles as are cheap enough for common use go under the
name of fuel. Ure.

COMBUSTIBLENESS
Com*bus"ti*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Combustibility.

COMBUSTION
Com*bus"tion, n. Etym: [L. combustio: cf. F. combustion.]

1. The state of burning.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: The combination of a combustible with a supporter of combustion, producing heat, and sometimes both light and heat. Combustion results is common cases from the mutual chemical action and reaction of the combustible and the oxygen of the atmosphere, whereby a new compound is formed. Ure. Supporter of combustion (Chem.), a gas as oxygen, the combination of which with a combustible, as coal, constitutes combustion.

3. Violent agitation; confusion; tumult. [Obs.]
There [were] great combustions and divisions among the heads of the
university. Mede.
But say from whence this new combustion springs. Dryden.

COMBUSTION CHAMBER Com*bus"tion cham`ber. (Mech.) (a) A space over, or in front of , a boiler furnace where the gases from the fire become more thoroughly mixed and burnt. (b) The clearance space in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine where the charge is compressed and ignited.

COMBUSTIOUS
Com*bus"tious, a.

Defn: Inflammable. [Obs.] Shak.

COME Come, v. i. [imp. Came; p. p. Come; p. pr & vb. n. Coming.] Etym: [OE. cumen, comen, AS. cuman; akin to OS.kuman, D. komen, OHG. queman, G. kommen, Icel. koma, Sw. komma, Dan. komme, Goth. giman, L. venire (gvenire), Gr. gam. *23. Cf. Base, n., Convene, Adventure.]

1. To move hitherward; to draw near; to approach the speaker, or some place or person indicated; — opposed to go. Look, who comes yonder Shak. I did not come to curse thee. Tennyson.

2. To complete a movement toward a place; to arrive. When we came to Rome. Acts xxviii. 16. Lately come from Italy. Acts vviii. 2.

3. To approach or arrive, as if by a journey or form a distance. "Thy kingdom come." Matt. vi. 10. The hour is comming, and now is. John. v. 25. So quik bright things come to confusion. Shak.

4. To approach or arrive, as the result of a cause, or of the act of
another.
From whence come wars James iv. 1.
Both riches and honor come of thee! Chron. xxix. 12.

5. To arrive in sight; to be manifest; to appear. Then butter does refuse to come. Hudibras.

6. To get to be, as the result of change or progress; — with a predicate; as, to come united. How come you thus estranged Shak. How come her eyes so bright Shak.

Note: Am come, is come, etc., are frequently used instead of have come, has come, etc., esp. in poetry. The verb to be gives adjectival significance to the participle as expressing a state or condition of the subject, while the auxiliary have expresses simply the completion of the action signified by the verb. Think not that I am come to destroy. Matt. v. 17. We are come off like Romans. Shak. The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year. Bryant.

Note: Come may properly be used (instead of go) in speaking of a movement hence, or away, when there is reference to an approach to the person addressed; as, I shall come home next week; he will come to your house to-day. It is used with other verbs almost as an auxiliary, indicative of approach to the action or state expressed by the verb; as, how came you to do it Come is used colloquially, with reference to a definite future time approaching, without an auxilliary; as, it will be two years, come next Christmas; i. e., when Christmas shall come. They were cried In meeting, come next Sunday. Lowell. Come, in the imperative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action; come, let us go. "This is the heir; come, let us kill him." Matt. xxi. 38. When repeated, it sometimes expresses haste, or impatience, and sometimes rebuke. "Come, come, no time for lamentation now." Milton. To come, yet to arrive, future. "In times to come." Dryden. "There's pippins and cheese to come." Shak. — To come about. (a) To come to pass; to arrive; to happen; to result; as, how did these things come about (b) To change; to come round; as, the ship comes about. "The wind is come about." Shak. On better thoughts, and my urged reasons, They are come about, and won to the true side. B. Jonson. — To come abroad. (a) To move or be away from one's home or country. "Am come abroad to see the world." Shak. (b) To become public or known. [Obs.] "Neither was anything kept secret, but that it should come abroad." Mark. iv. 22. — To come across, to meet; to find, esp. by chance or suddenly. "We come across more than one incidental mention of those wars." E. A. Freeman. "Wagner's was certainly one of the strongest and most independent natures I ever came across." H. R. Heweis. — To come after. (a) To follow. (b) To come to take or to obtain; as, to come after a book. — To come again, to return. "His spirit came again and he revived." Judges. xv. 19. — To come and go. (a) To appear and disappear; to change; to alternate. "The color of the king doth come and go." Shak. (b) (Mech.) To play backward and forward. — To come at. (a) To reach; to arrive within reach of; to gain; as, to come at a true knowledge of ourselves. (b) To come toward; to attack; as, he came at me with fury. — To come away, to part or depart. — To come between, to interverne; to separate; hence, to cause estrangement. — To come by. (a) To obtain, gain, acquire. "Examine how you came by all your state." Dryden. (b) To pass near or by way of. — To come down. (a) To descend. (b) To be humbled. — To come down upon, to call to account, to reprimand. [Colloq.] Dickens. — To come home. (a) To retuen to one's house or family. (b) To come close; to press closely; to touch the feelings, interest, or reason. (b) (Naut.) To be loosened from the ground; — said of an anchor. — To come in. (a) To enter, as a town, house, etc. "The thief cometh in." Hos. vii. 1. (b) To arrive; as, when my ship comes in. (c) To assume official station or duties; as, when Lincoln came in. (d) To comply; to yield; to surrender. "We need not fear his coming in" Massinger. (e) To be brought into use. "Silken garments did not come in till late." Arbuthnot. (f) To be added or inserted; to be or become a part of. (g) To accrue as gain from any business or investment. (h) To mature and yield a harvest; as, the crops come in well. (i) To have sexual intercourse; — with to or unto. Gen. xxxviii. 16. (j) To have young; to bring forth; as, the cow will come in next May. [U. S.] — To come in for, to claim or receive. "The rest came in for subsidies." Swift. — To come into, to join with; to take part in; to agree to; to comply with; as, to come into a party or scheme. — To come it ever, to hoodwink; to get the advantage of. [Colloq.] — To come near or nigh, to approach in place or quality to be equal to. "Nothing ancient or modern seems to come near it." Sir W. Temple. — To come of. (a) To descend or spring from. "Of Priam's royal race my mother came." Dryden. (b) To result or follow from. "This comes of judging by the eye." L'Estrange. — To come off. (a) To depart or pass off from. (b) To get free; to get away; to escape. (c) To be carried through; to pass off; as, it came off well. (d) To acquit one's self; to issue from (a contest, etc.); as, he came off with honor; hence, substantively, a come off, an escape; an excuse; an evasion. [Colloq.] (e) To pay over; to give. [Obs.] (f) To take place; to happen; as, when does the race come off (g) To be or become after some delay; as, the weather came off very fine. (h) To slip off or be taken off, as a garment; to separate. (i) To hurry away; to get through. Chaucer. — To come off by, to suffer. [Obs.] "To come off by the worst." Calamy. — To come off from, to leave. "To come off from these grave disquisitions." Felton. — To come on. (a) To advance; to make progress; to thrive. (b) To move forward; to approach; to supervene. — To come out. (a) To pass out or depart, as from a country, room, company, etc. "They shall come out with great substance." Gen. xv. 14. (b) To become public; to appear; to be published. "It is indeed come out at last." Bp. Stillingfleet. (c) To end; to result; to turn out; as, how will this affair come out he has come out well at last. (d) To be introduced into society; as, she came out two seasons ago. (e) To appear; to show itself; as, the sun came out. (f) To take sides; to take a stand; as, he came out against the tariff.(g) To publicly admit oneself to be homosexual. — To come out with, to give publicity to; to disclose. — To come over. (a) To pass from one side or place to another. "Perpetually teasing their friends to come over to them." Addison. (b) To rise and pass over, in distillation. — To come over to, to join. — To come round. (a) To recur in regular course. (b) To recover. [Colloq.] (c) To change, as the wind. (d) To relent. J. H. Newman. (e) To circumvent; to wheedle. [Colloq.] — To come short, to be deficient; to fail of attaining. "All have sinned and come short of the glory of God." Rom. iii. 23. — To come to. (a) To consent or yield. Swift. (b) (Naut.) (with the accent on to) To luff; to brin the ship's head nearer the wind; to anchor. (c) (with the accent on to) To recover, as from a swoon. (d) To arrive at; to reach. (e) To amount to; as, the taxes come to a large sum. (f) To fall to; to be received by, as an inheritance. Shak. — To come to blows. See under Blow. — To come to grief. See under Grief. — To come to a head. (a) To suppurate, as a boil. (b) To mature; to culminate; as a plot. — To come to one's self, to recover one's senses. — To come to pass, to happen; to fall out. — To come to the scratch. (a) (Prize Fighting) To step up to the scratch or mark made in the ring to be toed by the combatants in beginning a contest; hence: (b) To meet an antagonist or a difficulty bravely. [Colloq.] — To come to time. (a) (Prize Fighting) To come forward in order to resume the contest when the interval allowed for rest is over and "time" is called; hence: (b) To keep an appointment; to meet expectations. [Colloq.] — To come together. (a) To meet for business, worship, etc.; to assemble. Acts i. 6. (b) To live together as man and wife. Matt. i. 18. — To come true, to happen as predicated or expected. — To come under, to belong to, as an individual to a class. — To come up (a) to ascend; to rise. (b) To be brought up; to arise, as a question. (c) To spring; to shoot or rise above the earth, as a plant. (d) To come into use, as a fashion. — To come up the capstan (Naut.), to turn it the contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it. — To come up the tackle fall (Naut.), to slacken the tackle gently. Totten. — To come up to, to rise to; to equal. — To come up with, to overtake or reach by pursuit. — To come upon. (a) To befall. (b) To attack or invade. (c) To have a claim upon; to become dependent upon for support; as, to come upon the town. (d) To light or chance upon; to find; as, to come upon hid treasure.

COME
Come, v. t.

Defn: To carry through; to succeed in; as, you can't come any tricks here. [Slang] To come it, to succeed in a trick of any sort. [Slang]

COME
Come, n.

Defn: Coming. Chaucer.

COME-ALONG
Come"-a*long`, n.

Defn: A gripping device, as for stretching wire, etc., consisting of two jaws so attached to a ring that they are closed by pulling on the ring.

CO-MEDDLE
Co-med"dle, v. t.

Defn: To mix; to mingle, to temper. [Obs.] Shak.

COMEDIAN
Co*me"di*an, n. Etym: [Cf. F. comédien.]

1. An actor or player in comedy. "The famous comedian, Roscius." Middleton.

2. A writer of comedy. Milton.

COMEDIENNE
Co*mé`di*enne", n. Etym: [F., fem. of com.]

Defn: A women who plays in comedy.

COMEDIETTA
Co*me`di*et"ta, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: A dramatic sketch; a brief comedy.

COMEDO
Com"e*do, n.; pl. Comedones. Etym: [L., a glutton. See Comestible.]
(Med.)

Defn: A small nodule or cystic tumor, common on the nose, etc., which on pressure allows the escape of a yellow wormlike mass of retained oily secretion, with a black head (dirt).

COMEDOWN
Come"down`, n.

Defn: A downfall; an humillation. [Colloq.]

COMEDY Com"e*dy, n.; pl. Comedies. Etym: [F. comédie, L. comoedia, fr. Gr. home) + Home, and Ode.]

Defn: A dramatic composition, or representation of a bright and amusing character, based upon the foibles of individuals, the manners of society, or the ludicrous events or accidents of life; a play in which mirth predominates and the termination of the plot is happy; — opposed to tragedy. With all the vivacity if comedy. Macaulay. Are come to play a pleasant comedy. Shak.

COMELILY
Come"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a suitable or becoming manner. [R.] Sherwood.

COMELINESS
Come"li*ness, n. Etym: [See Comely.]

Defn: The quality or state of being comely.
Comeliness is a disposing fair Of things and actions in fit time and
place. Sir J. Davies.
Strength, comeliness of shape, or amplest merit. Milton.
Comeliness signifies something less forcible than beauty, less
elegant than grace, and less light than prettiness. Johnson.

COMELY Come"ly, a. [Compar. Comelier; superl. Comeliest.] Etym: [OE. comeliche, AS. cymlic; cyme suitable (fr. cuman to come, become) + lic like.]

1. Pleasing or agreeable to the sight; well-proportioned; good- looking; handsome. He that is comely when old and decrepit, surely was very beautiful when he was young. South. Not once perceive their foul disfigurement But boast themselves more comely than before. Milton.

2. Suitable or becoming; proper; agreeable. This is a happier and more comely time Than when these fellows ran about the streets, Crying confusion. Shak. It is good to sing praises unto our God; for it is pleasant; and praise is comely. Ps. cxlvii. 1.

COMELY
Come"ly, adv.

Defn: In a becoming manner. Ascham.

COME-OUTER
Come-out"er, n.

Defn: One who comes out or withdraws from a religious or other organization; a radical reformer. [Colloq. U. S.]

COMER
Com"er, n.

Defn: One who comes, or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present. All comers, all who come, or offer, to take part in a matter, especially in a contest or controversy. "To prove it against all comers." Bp. Stillingfleet.

COMES
Co"mes, n. Etym: [L., a companion.] (Mus.)

Defn: The answer to the theme (dux) in a fugue.

COMESSATION
Com`es*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. comissatio, comessatio.]

Defn: A reveling; a rioting. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

COMESTIBLE Co*mes"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F. comestible, fr. L. comesus, comestus, p. p. pf comedere to eat; com- + edere to eat.]

Defn: Suitable to be eaten; eatable; esculent.
Some herbs are most comestible. Sir T. Elyot.

COMESTIBLE
Co*mes"ti*ble, n.

Defn: Something suitable to be eaten; — commonly in the plural.
Thackeray.

COMET
Com"et, n. Etym: [L. cometes, cometa, from Gr. coma: cf. F. comète.]
(Astron.)

Defn: A member of the solar system which usually moves in an elongated orbit, approaching very near to the sun in its perihelion, and receding to a very great distance from it at its aphelion. A comet commonly consists of three parts: the nucleus, the envelope, or coma, and the tail; but one or more of these parts is frequently wanting. See Illustration in Appendix.

COMETARIUM
Com`e*ta"ri*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Astron.)

Defn: An instrument, intended to represent the revolution of a comet round the sun. Hutton.

COMETARY
Com"et*a*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. cométaire.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, a comet. Cheyne.

COMET-FINDER; COMET-SEEKER
Com"et-find`er, or Com"et-seek`er, n. (Astron.)

Defn: A telescope of low power, having a large field of view, used for finding comets.

COMETHER Co*meth"er, n. [Prob. dial. pron. of come hither, used in calling cows, etc.] [Dial. or Colloq., Brit.]

1.

Defn: Matter; affair.

2. Friendly communication or association.

To put the, or one's, comether on, to exercise persuasion upon; to get under one's influence; to beguile; to wheedle.

How does ut come about, sorr, that whin a man has put the comether on wan woman he's sure bound to put ut on another Kipling.

COMETIC
Co*met"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to a comet.

COMETOGRAPHER
Com`et*og"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes or writes about comets.

COMETOGRAPHY
Com`et*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Comet + -graphy: cf. F. cométographie.]

Defn: A description of, or a treatise concerning, comets.

COMETOLOGY
Com`et*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Comet + -logy.]

Defn: The department of astronomy relating to comets.

COMFIT Com"fit, n. Etym: [F. confit, prop. a p. p., fr. confire to preserve, pickle, fr. L. conficere to prepare; con- + facere to make. See Fact, and cf. Confect.]

Defn: A dry sweetmeat; any kind of fruit, root, or seed preserved with sugar and dried; a confection.

COMFIT
Com"fit, v. t.

Defn: To preserve dry with sugar. The fruit which does so quickly waste, . . . Thou comfitest in sweets to make it last. Cowley.

COMFITURE Com"fi*ture, n. Etym: [F. confiture; cf. LL. confecturae sweetmeats, confectura a preparing. See Comfit, and cf. Confiture.]

Defn: See Comfit, n.

COMFORT
Com"fort, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comforted; p. pr. & vb. n. Comforting.]
Etym: [F. conforter, fr. L. confortare to strengthen much; con- +
fortis strong. See Fort.]

1. To make strong; to invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate. [Obs.] Wyclif. God's own testimony . . . doth not a little comfort and confirm the same. Hooker.

2. To assist or help; to aid. [Obs.] I . . . can not help the noble chevalier: God comfort him in this necessity! Shak.

3. To impart strength and hope to; to encourage; to relieve; to
console; to cheer,
Light excelleth in comforting the spirits of men. Bacon.
That we may be adle to comfort them that are in any affliction. 2
Cor. i. 4. (Rev. Ver. ).
A perfect woman, nobly planned, To warn, to comfort, and command.
Wordsworth.

Syn. — To cheer; solace; console; revive; encourage; enliven; invigorate; inspirit, gladden; recreate; exhilarate; refresh; animate; confirm; strengthen. — To Comfort, Console, Solace. These verbs all suppose some antecedent state of suffering or sorrow. Console in confined to the act giving sympathetic relief to the mind under affliction or sorrow, and points to some definite source of that relief; as, the presence of his friend consoled him; he was much consoled by this intelligence. The act of consoling commonly implies the inculcation of resignation. Comfort points to relief afforded by the communication of positive pleasure, hope, and strength, as well as by the diminution of pain; as, "They brought the young man alive, and were not a little comforted." Acts xx. 12.

Note: Solace is from L. solacium, which means according to Dumesnil, consolation inwardly felt or applied to the case of the sufferer. Hence, the verb to solace denotes the using of things for the purpose of affording relief under sorrow or suffering; as, to solace one's self with reflections, with books, or with active employments.

COMFORT
Com"fort, n. Etym: [OF. confort, fr. conforter.]

1. Assistance; relief; support. [Obs. except in the phrase "aid and comfort." See 5 below.] Shak.

2. Encouragement; solace; consolation in trouble; also, that which
affords consolation.
In comfort of her mother's fears. Shak.
Cheer thy spirit with this comfort. Shak.
Speaking words of endearment where words of comfort availed not.
Longfellow.

3. A state of quiet enjoyment; freedom from pain, want, or anxiety; also, whatever contributes to such a condition. I had much joy and comfort in thy love. Phil. 7 (Rev. Ver. ). He had the means of living in comfort. Macaulay.

4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable. [U. S.]

5. (Law)

Defn: Unlawful support, countenance, or encouragement; as, to give aid and comfort to the enemy.

Syn.
— Comfort, Consolation. Comfort has two meanings:

1. Strength and relief received under affliction;

2. Positive enjoyment, of a quiet, permanent nature, together with the sources thereof; as, the comfort of love; surrounded with comforts; but it is with the former only that the word consolation is brought into comparison. As thus compared, consolation points to some specific source of relief for the afflicted mind; as, the consolations of religion. Comfort supposes the relief to be afforded by imparting positive enjoyment, as well as a diminution of pain. "Consolation, or comfort, signifies some alleviation to that pain to which it is not in our power to afford the proper and adequate remedy; they imply rather an augmentation of the power of bearing, than a diminution of the burden." Johnson.

COMFORTABLE
Com"fort*a*ble, a. Etym: [OF. confortable.]

1. Strong; vigorous; valiant. [Obs.] Wyclif. Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's end. Shak.

2. Serviceable; helpful. [Obs.] Be comfortable to my mother, your mistress, and make much of her. Shak.

3. Affording or imparting comfort or consolation; able to comfort; cheering; as, a comfortable hope. "Kind words and comfortable." Cowper. A comfortable provision made for their subsistence. Dryden.

4. In a condition of comfort; having comforts; not suffering or anxious; hence, contented; cheerful; as, to lead a comfortable life. My lord leans wondrously to discontent; His comfortable temper has forsook him: He is much out of health. Shak.

5. Free, or comparatively free, from pain or distress; — used of a sick person. [U. S.]

COMFORTABLE
Com"fort*a*ble, n.

Defn: A stuffed or quilted coverlet for a bed; a comforter; a comfort. [U. S.]

COMFORTABLENESS
Com"fort*a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: State of being comfortable or comforting manner.
Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem. Is. xl. 2.

COMFORTABLY
Com"fort*a*bly, adv.

Defn: In a comfortable or comforting manner.

Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem.
Is. xl. 2.

COMFORTER
Com"fort*er, n.

1. One who administers comfort or consolation. Let no comforter delight mine ear But such a one whose wrongs do suit with mine. Shak.

2. (Script.)

Defn: The Holy Spirit, — reffering to his office of comforting
believers.
But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send
in my name, he shall teach you all things. John xiv. 26.

3. A knit woolen tippet, long and narrow. [U. S.] The American schoolboy takes off his comforter and unbuttons his jacket before going in for a snowball fight. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

4. A wadded bedquilt; a comfortable. [U. S.] Job's comforter, a boil. [Colloq.]

COMFORTLESS
Com"fort*less, a.

Defn: Without comfort or comforts; in want or distress; cheerless.
Comfortless through turanny or might. Spenser.

Syn.
— Forlorn; desolate; cheerless; inconsolable; disconsolate;
wretched; miserable.
— Com"fort*less*ly, adv.
— Com"fort*less*ness, n.
When all is coldly, comfortlessly costly. Milton.

COMFORTMENT
Com"fort*ment, n.

Defn: Act or process of administering comfort. [Obs.]
The gentle comfortment and entertainment of the said embassador.
Hakluyt.

COMFORTRESS
Com"fort*ress, n.

Defn: A woman who comforts.
To be your comfortress, and to preserve you. B. Jonson.

COMFREY Com"frey, n. Etym: [Prob. from F. conferve, L. conferva, fr. confervere to boil together, in medical language, to heal, grow together. So called on account of its healing power, for which reason it was also called consolida.] (Bot.)

Defn: A rough, hairy, perennial plant of several species, of the genus Symphytum.

Note: A decoction of the mucilaginous root of the "common comfrey" (S. officinale) is used in cough mixtures, etc.; and the gigantic "prickly comfrey" (S. asperrimum) is somewhat cultivated as a forage plant.

COMIC
Com"ic, a. Etym: [L. comicus pertaining to comedy, Gr. comique. See
Comedy.]

1. Relating to comedy, as distinct from tragedy. I can not for the stage a drama lay, Tragic or comic, but thou writ'st the play. B. Jonson.

2. Causing mirth; ludicrous. "Comic shows." Shak.

COMIC
Com"ic, n.

Defn: A comedian. [Obs.] Steele.

COMICAL
Com"ic*al, a.

1. Relating to comedy. They deny it to be tragical because its catastrphe is a wedding, which hath ever been accounted comical. Gay.

2. Exciting mirth; droll; laughable; as, a comical story. "Comical adventures." Dryden.

Syn.
— Humorous; laughable; funny. See Droll.
— Com"ic*al*ly, adv.
— Com"ic*al"ness, n.

COMICALITY
Com`i*cal"i*ty, n.; pl. Comicalities.

Defn: The quality of being comical; something comical.

COMICRY
Com"ic*ry, n.

Defn: The power of exciting mirth; comicalness. [R.] H. Giles.

COMING
Com"ing, a.

1. Approaching; of the future, especially the near future; the next; as, the coming week or year; the coming exhibition. Welcome the coming, speed the parting, guest. Pope. Your coming days and years. Byron.

2. Ready to come; complaisant; fond. [Obs.] Pope.

COMING
Com"ing, n.

1. Approach; advent; manifestation; as, the coming of the train.

2. Specifically: The Second Advent of Christ. Coming in. (a) Entrance; entrance way; manner of entering; beginning. "The goings out thereof, and the comings in thereof." Ezek. xliii. 11 (b) Income or revenue. "What are thy comings in" Shak.

COMITIA
Co*mi"ti*a, n., pl. Etym: [L.] (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: A public assembly of the Roman people for electing officers or passing laws.

Note: There were three kinds of comitia: comitia curiata, or assembly of the patricians, who voted in curiæ; comitia centuriata, or assembly of the whole Roman people, who voted by centuries; and comitia tributa, or assembly of the plebeians according to their division into tribes.

COMITIAL
Co*mi"tial, a. Etym: [L. comitialis.]

Defn: Relating to the comitia, or popular assembles of the Romans for electing officers and passing laws. Middleton.

COMITIVA
Co`mi*ti"va, n. [It.]

Defn: A body of followers; — applied to the lawless or brigand bands in Italy and Sicily.

COMITY Com"i*ty, n.; pl. Comities. Etym: [L. comitas, fr. comis courteous, kind.]

Defn: Mildness and suavity of manners; courtesy between equals; friendly equals; friendly civility; as, comity of manners; the comity of States. Comity of nations (International Law), the courtesy by which nations recognize within their own territory, or in their courts, the peculiar institutions of another nation or the rights and privileges acquired by its citizens in their own land. By some authorities private international law rests on this comity, but the better opinion is that it is part of the common law of the land, and hence is obligatory as law.

Syn.
— Civility; good breeding; courtesy; good will.

COMMA
Com"ma, n. Etym: [L. comma part of a sentence, comma, Gr. Capon.]

1. A character or point [,] marking the smallest divisions of a sentence, written or printed.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: A small interval (the difference beyween a major and minor half step), seldom used except by tuners. Comma bacillus (Physiol.), a variety of bacillus shaped like a comma, found in the intestines of patients suffering from cholera. It is considered by some as having a special relation to the disease; — called also cholera bacillus. — Comma butterfly (Zoöl.), an American butterfly (Grapta comma), having a white comma-shaped marking on the under side of the wings.

COMMAND
Com*mand" (; 61), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commanding.] Etym: [OE. comaunden, commanden, OF. comander, F.
commander, fr. L. com- + mandare to commit to, to command. Cf.
Commend, Mandate.]

1. To order with authority; to lay injunction upon; to direct; to bid; to charge. We are commanded to forgive our enemies, but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends. Bacon. Go to your mistress: Say, I command her come to me. Shak.

2. To exercise direct authority over; to have control of; to have at
one's disposal; to lead.
Monmouth commanded the English auxiliaries. Macaulay.
Such aid as I can spare you shall command. Shak.

3. To have within a sphere of control, influence, access, or vision; to dominate by position; to guard; to overlook. Bridges commanded by a fortified house. Motley. Up to the eastern tower, Whose height commands as subject all the vale. Shak. One side commands a view of the finest garden. Addison.

4. To have power or influence of the nature of authority over; to obtain as if by ordering; to reeceive as a due; to challenge; to claim; as, justice commands the respect and affections of the people; the best goods command the best price. 'Tis not in mortals to command success. Addison.

5. To direct to come; to bestow. [Obs.] I will command my blessing upon you. Lev. xxv. 21.

Syn.
— To bid; order; direct; dictate; charge; govern; rule; overlook.

COMMAND
Com*mand", v. i.

1. To have or to exercise direct authority; to govern; to sway; to influence; to give an order or orders. And reigned, commanding in his monarchy. Shak. For the king had so commanded concerning [Haman]. Esth. iii. 2.

2. To have a view, as from a superior position. Far and wide his eye commands. Milton.

COMMAND
Com*mand", n.

1. An authoritative order requiring obedience; a mandate; an injunction. A waiting what command their mighty chief Had to impose. Milton.

2. The possession or exercise of authority. Command and force may often create, but can never cure, an aversion. Locke.

3. Authority; power or right of control; leadership; as, the forces under his command.

4. Power to dominate, command, or overlook by means of position; scope of vision; survey. Te steepy stand Which overlooks the vale with wide command. Dryden.

5. Control; power over something; sway; influence; as, to have command over one's temper or voice; the fort has command of the bridge. He assumed an absolute command over his readers. Druden.

6. A body of troops, or any naval or military force or post, or the whole territory under the authority or control of a particular officer.

Word of command (Mil.), a word or phrase of definite and established meaning, used in directing the movements of soldiers; as, aim; fire; shoulder arms, etc.

Syn. — Control; sway; power; authority; rule; dominion; sovereignty; mandate; order; injunction; charge; behest. See Direction.

COMMANDABLE
Com*mand"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being commanded.

COMMANDANT
Com`man*dant", n. Etym: [F., orig. p. pr. of commander.]

Defn: A commander; the commanding officer of a place, or of a body of men; as, the commandant of a navy-yard.

COMMANDATORY
Com*mand"a*to*ry, a.

Defn: Mandatory; as, commandatory authority. [Obs.]

COMMANDEER
Com`man*deer", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commandeered; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commandeering.] [D. kommandeeren to command, in South Africa to
commandeer, fr. F. commander to command. See Command.]

1. (Mil.)

Defn: To compel to perform military service; to seize for military purposes; — orig. used of the Boers.

2. To take arbitrary or forcible possession of. [Colloq.]

COMMANDER
Com*mand"er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commandeur. Cf. Commodore, Commender.]

1. A chief; one who has supreme authority; a leader; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of it. A leader and commander to the people. Is. lv. 4.

2. (Navy)

Defn: An officer who ranks next below a captain, — ranking with a lieutenant colonel in the army.

3. The chief officer of a commandery.

4. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, in sail lofts, etc. Commander in chief, the military title of the officer who has supreme command of the land or naval forces or the united forces of a nation or state; a generalissimo. The President is commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States.

Syn.
— See Chief.

COMMANDERSHIP
Com*mand"er*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a commander.

COMMANDERY
Com*mand"er*y, n.; pl. Commanderies. Etym: [F. commanderie.]

1. The office or rank of a commander. [Obs.]

2. A district or a manor with lands and tenements appertaining thereto, under the control of a member of an order of knights who was called a commander; — called also a preceptory.

3. An assembly or lodge of Knights Templars (so called) among the Freemasons. [U. S.]

4. A district under the administration of a military commander or governor. [R.] Brougham.

COMMANDING
Com*mand"ing, a.

1. Exercising authority; actually in command; as, a commanding officer.

2. Fitted to impress or control; as, a commanding look or presence.

3. Exalted; overlooking; having superior strategic advantages; as, a commanding position.

Syn.
— Authoritative; imperative; imperious.

COMMANDINGLY
Com*mand"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a commanding manner.

COMMANDMENT
Com*mand"ment, n. Etym: [OF. commandement, F. commandement.]

1. An order or injunction given by authority; a command; a charge; a precept; a mandate. A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another. John xiii. 34.

2. (Script.)

Defn: One of the ten laws or precepts given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.

3. The act of commanding; exercise of authority. And therefore put I on the countenance Of stern commandment. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: The offense of commanding or inducing another to violate the law. The Commandments, The Ten Commandments, the Decalogue, or summary of God's commands, given to Moses at Mount Sinai. (Ex. xx.)

COMMANDO
Com*man"do, n. [D. See Command, v. t.]

Defn: In South Africa, a military body or command; also, sometimes, an expedition or raid; as, a commando of a hundred Boers.

The war bands, called commandos, have played a great part in the . . . military history of the country. James Bryce.

COMMANDRESS
Com*mand"ress, n.

Defn: A woman invested with authority to command. Hooker.

COMMANDRY
Com*mand"ry, n.

Defn: See Commandery.

COMMARK Com"mark`, n. Etym: [Of. comarque, or LL. commarca, commarcha; com- + marcha, boundary. See March a confine.]

Defn: The frontier of a country; confines. [Obs.] Shelton.

COMMATERIAL
Com`ma*te"ri*al, a.

Defn: Consisting of the same material. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMMATIC
Com*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. commaticus, Gr. Comma.]

Defn: Having short clauses or sentences; brief; concise.

COMMATISM
Com"ma*tism, n. Etym: [See Commatic.]

Defn: Conciseness in writing. Bp. Horsley.

COMMEASURABLE
Com*meas"ur*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. Commensurable.]

Defn: Having the same measure; commensurate; proportional. She being now removed by death, a commeasurable grief took as full possession of him as joy had one. I. Walton.

COMMEASURE
Com*meas"ure, v. t.

Defn: To be commensurate with; to equal. Tennyson.

COMMEMORABLE
Com*mem"o*ra"ble, a. Etym: [L. commemorabilis.]

Defn: Worthy to be commemorated.

COMMEMORATE
Com*mem"o*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commemorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commemorating.] Etym: [L. commemoratus, p. p. of commemorare to
remember; com- + memorare to mention, fr. memor mindful. See Memory.]

Defn: To call to remembrance by a special act or observance; to celebrate with honor and solemnity; to honor, as a person or event, by some act of respect of affection, intended to preserve the remembrance of the person or event; as, to commemorate the sufferings and dying love of our Savior by the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; to commemorate the Declaration of Independence by the observance of the Fourth of July. We are called upon to commemorate a revolution. Atterbury.

Syn.
— See Celebrate.

COMMEMORATION
Com*mem`o*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. commemoratio.]

1. The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration designed to honor the memory of some person or event. This sacrament was designed to be a standing commemoration of the death and passion of our Lord. Abp. Tillotson. The commonwealth which . . . chooses the most flagrant act of murderous regicide treason for a feast of eternal commemoration. Burke.

2. Whatever serves the purpose of commemorating; a memorial. Commemoration day, at the University of Oxford, Eng., an annual observance or ceremony in honor of the benefactors of the University, at which time honorary degrees are conferred.

COMMEMORATIVE
Com*mem"o*ra*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or intended to commemorate. "A sacrifice commemorative of Christ's offering up his body for us." Hammond. An inscription commemorative of his victory. Sir G. C. Lewis.

COMMEMORATOR
Com*mem"o*ra`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who commemorates.

COMMEMORATORY
Com*mem"o*ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to commemorate; commomerative. Bp. Hooper.

COMMENCE
Com*mence", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Commenced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commencing.] Etym: [F. commencer, OF. commencier, fr. L. com- +
initiare to begin. See Initiate.]

1. To have a beginning or origin; to originate; to start; to begin. Here the anthem doth commence. Shak. His heaven commences ere the world be past. Goldsmith.

2. To begin to be, or to act as. [Archaic] We commence judges ourselves. Coleridge.

3. To take a degree at a university. [Eng.] I question whether the formality of commencing was used in that age. Fuller.

COMMENCE
Com*mence", v. t.

Defn: To enter upon; to begin; to perform the first act of.
Many a wooer doth commence his suit. Shak.

Note: It is the practice of good writers to use the verbal noun (instead of the infinitive with to) after commence; as, he commenced studying, not he commenced to study.

COMMENCEMENT
Com*mence"ment, n. Etym: [F. comencement.]

1. The first existence of anything; act or fact of commencing; rise; origin; beginnig; start. The time of Henry VII . . . nearly coincides with the commencement of what is termed "modern history."

2. The day when degrees are conferred by colleges and universities upon students and others.

COMMEND
Com*mend", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commending.] Etym: [L. commendare; com- + mandare to intrust to one's
charge, enjoin, command. Cf. Command, Mandate.]

1. To commit, intrust, or give in charge for care or preservation. His eye commends the leading to his hand. Shak. Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. Luke xxiii. 46.

2. To recommend as worthy of confidence or regard; to present as worthy of notice or favorable attention. Among the objects of knowlwdge, two especially commend themselves to our contemplation. Sir M. Hale. I commend unto you Phebe our sister. Rom. xvi. 1.

3. To mention with approbation; to praise; as, to commend a person or
an act.
Historians commend Alexander for weeping when he read the actions of
Achilles. Dryden.

4. To mention by way of courtesy, implying remembrance and good will. [Archaic] Commend me to my brother. Shak.

COMMEND
Com*mend", n.

1. Commendation; praise. [Obs.] Speak in his just commend. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: Compliments; greetings. [Obs.]
Hearty commends and much endeared love to you. Howell.

COMMENDABLE
Com*mend"a*ble, a.

Note: (Formerly accented on the first syllable.) Etym: [L. commendabilis.]

Defn: Worthy of being commended or praised; laudable; praiseworthy.
Order and decent ceremonies in the church are not only comely but
commendable. Bacon.
— Com*mend"a*ble*ness, n.
— Com*mend"a*bly, adv.

COMMENDAM
Com*men"dam, n. Etym: [LL. dare in commendam to give into trust.]
(Eng. Eccl. Law)

Defn: A vacant living or benefice commended to a cleric (usually a bishop) who enjoyed the revenue until a pastor was provided. A living so held was said to be held in commendam. The practice was abolished by law in 1836. There was [formerly] some sense for commendams. Selden. Partnership in commendam. See under Partnership.

COMMENDATARY Com*mend"a*ta*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commendataire, LL. commendatarius.]

Defn: One who holds a living in commendam.

COMMENDATION
Com`men*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. commendatio.]

1. The act of commending; praise; favorable representation in words;
recommendation.
Need we . . . epistles of commendatiom 2 Cor. iii. 1.
By the commendation of the great officers. Bacon.

2. That which is the ground of approbation or praise. Good nature is the most godlike commendation of a man. Dryden.

3. pl.

Defn: A message of affection or respect; compliments; greeting.
[Obs.]
Hark you, Margaret; No princely commendations to my king Shak.

COMMENDATOR
Com*mend"a*tor ( or ), n. Etym: [LL.]

Defn: One who holds a benefice in commendam; a commendatary.
Chalmers.

COMMENDATORY
Com*mend"a*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. commendatorius.]

1. Serving to commend; containing praise or commendation; commending; praising. "Commendatory verses." Pope.

2. Holding a benefice in commendam; as, a commendatory bishop. Burke. Commendatory prayer (Book of Common Prayer), a prayer read over the dying. "The commendatory prayer was said for him, and, as it ended, he [William III.] died." Bp. Burnet.

COMMENDATORY
Com*mend"a*to*ry, n.

Defn: A commendation; eulogy. [R.] "Commendatories to our affection."
Sharp.

COMMENDER
Com*mend"er, n.

Defn: One who commends or praises.

COMMENSAL Com*men"sal, n. Etym: [LL. commensalis; L. com- + mensa table: cf. F. commensal. Cf. Mensal.]

1. One who eats at the same table. [Obs.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal, not truly parasitic, which lives in with, or on, another, partaking usually of the same food. Both species may be benefited by the association.

COMMENSAL
Com*men"sal, a.

Defn: Having the character of a commensal.

COMMENSALISM
Com*men"sal*ism, n.

Defn: The act of eating together; table fellowship.

COMMENSALITY
Com`men*sal"i*ty, n.

Defn: Fellowship at table; the act or practice of eating at the same table. [Obs.] "Promiscuous commensality." Sir T. Browne.

COMMENSATION
Com`men*sa"tion, n.

Defn: Commensality. [Obs.]
Daniel . . . declined pagan commensation. Sir T. Browne.

COMMENSURABILITY
Com*men`su*ra*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commensurabilite.]

Defn: The quality of being commersurable. Sir T. Browne.

COMMENSURABLE Com*men"su*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. commensurabilis; pref. com- + mensurable. See Commensurate, and cf. Commeasurable.]

Defn: Having a common measure; capable of being exactly measured by the same number, quantity, or measure. — Com*men"su*ra*ble*ness, n. Commensurable numbers or quantities (Math.), those that can be exactly expressed by some common unit; thus a foot and yard are commensurable, since both can be expressed in terms of an inch, one being 12 inches, the other 36 inches. — Numbers, or Quantities, commensurable in power, those whose squares are commensurable.

COMMENSURABLY
Com*men"su*ra*bly, adv.

Defn: In a commensurable manner; so as to be commensurable.

COMMENSURATE
Com*men"su*rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commensurated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commensurating.] Etym: [Pref. com- + mensurate.]

1. To reduce to a common measure. Sir T. Browne.

2. To proportionate; to adjust. T. Puller

COMMENSURATE
Com*men"su*rate, a.

1. Having a common measure; commensurable; reducible to a common measure; as, commensurate quantities.

2. Equal in measure or extent; proportionate. Those who are persuaded that they shall continue forever, can not choose but aspire after a hapiness commensurate to their duration. Tillotson.

COMMENSURATELY
Com*men"su*rate*ly, adv.

1. In a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate; adequately.

2. With equal measure or extent. Goodwin.

COMMENSURATENESS
Com*men"su*rate*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being commensurate. Foster.

COMMENSURATION
Com*men`su*ra"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. commensuration.]

Defn: The act of commensurating; the state of being commensurate. All fitness lies in a particular commensuration, or proportion of one thing to another. South.

COMMENT Com"ment, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Commented; p. pr. & vb. n. Commenting.] Etym: [F. commenter, L. commentary to meditate upon, explain, v. intens, of comminisci, commentus, to reflect upon, invent; com- + the root of meminisse to remember, mens mind. See Mind.]

Defn: To make remarks, observations, or criticism; especially, to write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages; to write annotations; — often followed by on or upon. A physician to comment on your malady. Shak. Critics . . . proceed to comment on him. Dryden. I must translate and comment. Pope.

COMMENT
Com"ment, v. t.

Defn: To comment on. [Archaic.] Fuller.

COMMENT
Com"ment, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. comment.]

1. A remark, observation, or criticism; gossip; discourse; talk. Their lavish comment when her name was named. Tennyson.

2. A note or observation intended to explain, illustrate, or criticise the meaning of a writing, book, etc.; explanation; annotation; exposition. All the volumes of philosophy, With all their comments. Prior.

COMMENTARY Com"men*ta*ry, n.; pl. Commentaries. Etym: [L. commentarius, commentarium, note book, commentary: cf. F. commentaire. See Comment, v. i.]

1. A series of comments or annotations; esp., a book of explanations or expositions on the whole or a part of the Scriptures or of some other work. This letter . . . was published by him with a severe commentary. Hallam.

2. A brief account of transactions or events written hastily, as if for a memorandum; — usually in the plural; as, Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War.

COMMENTATE Com"men*tate, v. t. & i. Etym: [L. commentatus, p. p. of commentari to meditate.]

Defn: To write comments or notes upon; to make comments. [R.]
Commentate upon it, and return it enriched. Lamb.

COMMENTATION
Com`men*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or process of commenting or criticising; exposition. [R.] The spirit of commentation. Whewell.

2. The result of the labors of a commentator.

COMMENTATOR
Com"men*ta`tor, n. Etym: [L. commentator: cf. F. commentateur.]

Defn: One who writes a commentary or comments; an expositor; an
annotator.
The commentator's professed object is to explain, to enforce, to
illustrate doctrines claimed as true. Whewell.

COMMENTATORIAL
Com`men*ta*to"ri*al ( or , a.

Defn: Pertaining to the making of commentaries. Whewell.

COMMENTATORSHIP
Com"men*ta`tor*ship, n.

Defn: The office or occupation of a commentator.

COMMENTER
Com"ment`er, n.

Defn: One who makes or writes comments; a commentator; an annotator.

COMMENTITIOUS
Com`men*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. commentitius.]

Defn: Fictitious or imaginary; unreal; as, a commentitious system of religion. [Obs.] Warburton.

COMMERCE
Com"merce, n.

Note: (Formerly accented on the second syllable.) Etym: [F. commerce,
L. commercium; com- + merx, mercis, merchadise. See Merchant.]

1. The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic. The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and extensive commerce of private men. Hume.

2. Social intercourse; the dealings of one person or class in society with another; familiarity. Fifteen years of thought, observation, and commerce with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser. Macaulay.

3. Sexual intercourse. W. Montagu.

4. A round game at cards, in which the cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade. Hoyle. Chamber of commerce. See Chamber.

Syn. — Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange; communion; communication.

COMMERCE
Com*merce" ( or , v. i. [imp. & p. p. Commerced; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commercing.] Etym: [Cf. F. commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.]

1. To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.] Beware you commerce not with bankrupts. B. Jonson.

2. To hold intercourse; to commune. Milton. Commercing with himself. Tennyson. Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to commerce with heaven. Prof. Wilson.

COMMERCE DESTROYER
Com"merce de*stroy"er. (Nav.)

Defn: A very fast, unarmored, lightly armed vessel designed to capture or destroy merchant vessels of an enemy. Not being intended to fight, they may be improvised from fast passenger steamers.

COMMERCIAL
Com*mer"cial, a. Etym: [Cf. F. commercial.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. "Princely commercial houses." Macaulay. Commercial college, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. — Commercial law. See under Law. — Commercial note paper, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7½ or 8 inches. — Commercial paper, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank cheks, etc. — Commercial traveler, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders.

Syn.
— See Mercantile.

COMMERCIALISM
Com*mer"cial*ism, n.

Defn: The commercial spirit or method. C. Kingsley.

COMMERCIALLY
Com*mer"cial*ly, adv.

Defn: In a commercial manner.

COMMIGRATE
Com"mi*grate, v. i. Etym: [L. commigrare, commigratum.]

Defn: To migrate together. [R.]

COMMIGRATION
Com`mi*gra"tion, n. Etym: [L. commigratio.]

Defn: Migration together. [R.] Woodward.

COMMINATION Com`mi*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. comminatio, from comminary to threaten; com- + minari to threaten: cf. F. commination.]

1. A threat or threatening; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance. With terrible comminations to all them that did resist. I. Taylor.

2. An office in the liturgy of the Church of England, used on Ash Wednesday, containing a recital of God's anger and judgments against sinners.

COMMINATORY
Com*min"a*to"ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. comminatoire.]

Defn: Threatening or denouncing punishment; as, comminatory terms. B.
Jonson.

COMMINGLE
Com*min"gle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Commingled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commingling.]

Defn: To mingle together; to mix in one mass, or intimately; to blend. Bacon.

COMMINGLER
Com*min"gler, n.

Defn: One that commingles; specif., a device for noiseless heating of water by steam, in a vessel filled with a porous mass, as of pebbles.

COMMINUTE
Com"mi*nute, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comminuted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comminuting.] Etym: [L. comminutus, p. p. of comminuere to comminute;
com- + minuere to lessen. See Minute.]

Defn: To reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder; to pulverize; to triturate; to grind; as, to comminute chalk or bones; to comminute food with the teeth. Pennant. Comminuted fracture. See under Fracture.

COMMINUTION
Com`mi*nu"tion, n.

1. The act of reducing to a fine powder or to small particles; pulverization; the state of being comminuted. Bentley.

2. (Surg.)

Defn: Fracture (of a bone) into a number of pieces. Dunglison.

3. Gradual diminution by the removal of small particles at a time; a lessening; a wearing away. Natural and necessary comminution of our lives. Johnson.

COMMISERABLE
Com*mis"er*a*ble, a.

Defn: Pitiable. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMMISERATE
Com*mis"er*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commiserated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commiserating.] Etym: [L. commiseratus, p. p. of commiserari to
commiserate; com- + miserari to pity. See Miserable.]

Defn: To feel sorrow, pain, or regret for; to pity.
Then must we those, who groan, beneath the weight Of age, disease, or
want, commiserate. Denham.
We should commiserate our mutual ignorance. Locke.

Syn.
— To pity; compassionate; lament; condole.

COMMISERATION Com*mis`er*a"tion, n. Etym: [F. commis, fr. L. commiseratio a part of an oration intended to exite compassion.]

Defn: The act of commiserating; sorrow for the wants, afflictions, or distresses of another; pity; compassion. And pluck commiseration of his state From brassy bosoms and rough hearts of flint. Shak.

Syn.
— See Sympathy.

COMMISERATIVE
Com*mis"er*a*tive, a.

Defn: Feeling or expressing commiseration. Todd.

COMMISERATOR
Com*mis"er*a`tor, n.

Defn: One who pities.

COMMISSARIAL
Com`mis*sa"ri*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a commissary.

COMMISSARIAT Com`mis*sa"ri*at, n. Etym: [F. commissariat.] (Mil.) (a) The organized system by which armies and military posts are supplied with food and daily necessaries. (b) The body of officers charged with such service.

COMMISSARY Com"mis*sa*ry, n.; pl. Commissaries. Etym: [LL. commissarius, fr. L. commissus, p. p. of committere to commit, intrust to. See Commit.]

1. One to whom is committed some charge, duty, or office, by a superior power; a commissioner. Great Destiny, the Commissary of God. Donne.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: An officer on the bishop, who exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction in parts of the diocese at a distance from the residence of the bishop. Ayliffe.

3. (Mil.) (a) An officer having charge of a special sevice; as, the commissary of musters. (b) An officer whose business is to provide food for a body of troops or a military post; — officially called commissary of subsistence. [U. S.] Washington wrote to the President of Congress . . . urging the appointment of a commissary general, a quartermaster general, a commissary of musters, and a commissary of artillery. W. Irving Commissary general, an officer in charge of some special department of army service; as: (a) The officer in charge of the commissariat and transport department, or of the ordinace store department. [Eng.] (b) The commissary general of subsistence. [U. S.] — Commissary general of subsistence (Mil. U. S.), the head of the subsistence department, who has charge of the purchase and issue of provisions for the army.

COMMISSARYSHIP
Com"mis*sa*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The office or employment of a commissary. Ayliffe.

COMMISSION
Com*mis"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. commissio. See Commit.]

1. The act of committing, doing, or performing; the act of perpetrating. Every commission of sin introduces into the soul a certain degree of hardness. South.

2. The act of intrusting; a charge; instructions as to how a trust shall be executed.

3. The duty or employment intrusted to any person or persons; a trust; a charge.

4. A formal written warrant or authority, granting certain powers or privileges and authorizing or commanding the performance of certain duties. Let him see our commission. Shak.

5. A certificate conferring military or naval rank and authority; as, a colonel's commission.

6. A company of persons joined in the performance of some duty or the execution of some trust; as, the interstate commerce commission. A commission was at once appointed to examine into the matter. Prescott.

7. (Com.) (a) The acting under authority of, or on account of, another. (b) The thing to be done as agent for another; as, I have three commissions for the city. (c) The brokerage or allowance made to a factor or agent for transacting business for another; as, a commission of ten per cent on sales. See Del credere. Commission of array. (Eng. Hist.) See under Array. — Commission of bankrupty, a commission apointing and empowering certain persons to examine into the facts relative to an alleged bankrupty, and to secure the bankrupt's lands and effects for the creditors. — Commission of lunacy, a commission authoring and inquiry whether a person is a lunatic or not. — Commission merchant, one who buys or sells goods on commission, as the agent of others, receiving a rate per cent as his compensation. — Commission, or Commissioned, officer (Mil.), one who has a commission, in distingtion from a noncommossioned or warrant officer. — Commission of the peace, a commission under the great seal, constituting one or more persons justices of the peace. [Eng.] — To put a vessel into commission (Naut.), to equip and man a goverment vessel, and send it out on service after it has been laid up; esp., the formal act of tacking command of a vessel for service, hoisting the flag, reading the orders, etc. — To put a vessel out of commission (Naut.), to detach the officers and crew and retire it from active service, temporarily or permanently. — To put the great seal, or the Treasury, into commission, to place it in the hands of a commissioner or commissioners during the abeyance of the ordinary administration, as between the going out of one lord keeper and accession of another. [Eng.] — The United States Christians Commission, an organization among the people of the North, during the Civil War, which afforded material comforts to the Union soldiers, and performed services of a religious character in the field and in hospitals. — The United States Sanitary Commission, an organization formed by the people of the North to coöperate with and supplement the medical department of the Union armies during the Civil War.

Syn.
— Charge; warrant; authority; mandate; office; trust; employment.

COMMISSION
Com*mis"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commissioned; p. pr & vb. n.
Commissioning.]

1. To give a commission to; to furnish with a commission; to empower or authorize; as, to commission persons to perform certain acts; to commission an officer.

2. To send out with a charge or commission. A chosen band He first commissions to the Latian land. Dryden.

Syn. — To appoint; depute; authorize; empower; delegate; constitute; ordain.

COMMISSIONAIRE
Com*mis`sion*aire", n. [F. commissionnaire. Cf. Commissioner.]

1. One intrusted with a commission, now only a small commission, as an errand; esp., an attendant or subordinate employee in a public office, hotel, or the like. The commissionaire familiar to European travelers performs miscellaneous services as a light porter, messenger, solicitor for hotels, etc.

2. One of a corps of pensioned soldiers, as in London, employed as doorkeepers, messengers, etc.

COMMISSIONAL; COMMISSIONARY
Com*mis"sion*al, Com*mis"sion*a*ry a.

Defn: Of pertaining to, or conferring, a commission; conferred by a commission or warrant. [R.] Delegate or commissionary authority. Bp. Hall.

COMMISSIONATE
Com*mis"sion*ate, v. t.

Defn: To commission [Obs.]

COMMISSIONER
Com*mis"sion*er, n.

1. A person who has a commission or warrant to perform some office, or execute some bussiness, for the goverment, corporation, or person employing him; as, a commissioner to take affidavits or to adjust claims. To another adress which requisted that a commission might be sent to examine into the state of things in Ireland, William returned a gracious answer, and desired the Commons to name the commissioners. Macaulay.

2. An officer having charge of some department or bureau of the public service. Herbert was first commissioner of the Admiralty. Macaulay. The commissioner of patents, the commissioner of the land office, the commissioner of Indian affairs, are subotdinates of the secretary of the interior. Bartlett. Commissioner of deeds, an officer having authority to take affidavits, depositions, acknowledgment of deeds, etc., for use in the State by which he is appointed. [U. S.] — County commissioners, certain administrative officers in some of the States, invested by local laws with various powers in reference to the roads, courthouses, financial matters, etc., of the county. [U. S.]

COMMISSIONNAIRE
Com*mis`sion*naire" (; F. ), n. Etym: [F., fr. L. commissio.]

1. An agent or factor; a commission merchant.

2. One of a class of attendants, in some European cities, who perform miscellaneous services for travelers.

COMMISSIONSHIP
Com*mis"sion*ship, n.

Defn: The office of commissioner. Sir W. Scott.

COMMISSIVE
Com*mis"sive, a.

Defn: Relating to commission; of the nature of, or involving, commission. [R.]

COMMISSURAL
Com*mis"su*ral ( or ), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a commissure.

COMMISSURE Com*mis"sure ( or ; 134-6), n. Etym: [L. commissura a joing together: cf. F. commissure. See Commit.]

1. A joint, seam, or closure; the place where two bodies, or parts of a body, meet and unite; an interstice, cleft, or juncture.

2. (Anat. & Zoöl.) (a) The point of union between two parts, as the angles of the lips or eyelids, the mandibles of a bird, etc. (b) A collection of fibers connecting parts of the brain or spinal marrow; a chiasma.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: The line of junction or cohering face of two carpels, as in the parsnip, caraway, etc.

COMMIT
Com*mit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commited; p. pr. & vb. n. Commiting.]
Etym: [L. committere, commissum, to connect, commit; com- + mittere
to send. See Mission.]

1. To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to intrust; to consign; — used with to, unto. Commit thy way unto the Lord. Ps. xxxvii. 5. Bid him farewell, commit him to the grave. Shak.

2. To put in charge of a jailor; to imprison. These two were commited. Clarendon.

3. To do; to perperate, as a crime, sin, or fault. Thou shalt not commit adultery. Ex. xx. 14.

4. To join a contest; to match; — followed by with. [R.] Dr. H. More.

5. To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step; — often used reflexively; as, to commit one's self to a certain course. You might have satisfied every duty of political friendship, without commiting the honor of your sovereign. Junius. Any sudden assent to the proposal . . . might possibly be considered as committing the faith of the United States. Marshall.

6. To confound. [An obsolete Latinism.] Committing short and long [quantities]. Milton. To commit a bill (Legislation), to refer or intrust it to a committee or others, to be considered and reported. — To commit to memory, or To commit, to learn by heart; to memorize.

Syn. — To Commit, Intrust, Consign. These words have in common the idea of transferring from one's self to the care and custody of another. Commit is the widest term, and may express only the general idea of delivering into the charge of another; as, to commit a lawsuit to the care of an attorney; or it may have the special sense of intrusting with or without limitations, as to a superior power, or to a careful servant, or of consigning, as to writing or paper, to the flames, or to prison. To intrust denotes the act of committing to the exercise of confidence or trust; as, to intrust a friend with the care of a child, or with a secret. To consign is a more formal act, and regards the thing transferred as placed chiefly or wholly out of one's immediate control; as, to consign a pupil to the charge of his instructor; to consign goods to an agent for sale; to consign a work to the press.

COMMIT
Com"mit, v. i.

Defn: To sin; esp., to be incontinent. [Obs.]
Commit not with man's sworn spouse. Shak.

COMMITMENT
Com*mit"ment, n.

1. The act of commiting, or putting in charge, keeping, or trust; consigment; esp., the act of commiting to prison. They were glad to compound for his bare commitment to the Tower, whence he was within few days enlarged. Clarendon.

2. A warrant or order for the imprisonment of a person; — more frequently termed a mittimus.

3. The act of referring or intrusting to a committee for consideration and report; as, the commitment of a petition or a bill.

4. A doing, or preperation, in a bad sense, as of a crime or blunder; commission.

5. The act of pledging or engaging; the act of exposing, endangering, or compromising; also, the state of being pledged or engaged. Hamilton.

COMMITTABLE
Com*mit"ta*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being committed.

COMMITTAL
Com*mit"tal, n.

Defn: The act of commiting, or the state of being committed; commitment.

COMMITTEE Com*mit"tee, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. comité company, and LL. comitatus jurisdiction or territory of a count, county, assize, army. The word was apparently influenced by the verb commit, but not directly formed from it. Cf. County.]

Defn: One or more persons elected or appointed, to whom any matter or bussiness is referred, either by a legislative body, or by a court, or by any collective body of men acting together. Commitee of the whole [house], a committee, embracing all the members present, into which a legislative or deliberative body sometimes resolves itself, for the purpose of considering a particular measure under the operation of different rules from those governing the general legislative proceedings. The committee of the whole has its own chairman, and reports its action in the form of recommendations. — Standing committee. See under Standing.

COMMITTEE
Com`mit*tee", n. Etym: [From Commit, v. t.] (Law)

Defn: One to whom the charge of the person or estate of another, as of a lunatic, is committed by suitable authority; a guardian.

COMMITTEEMAN
Com*mit"tee*man, n.

Defn: A member of a committee.

COMMITTER
Com*mit"ter, n.

1. One who commits; one who does or perpetrates. South.

2. A fornicator. [Obs.] T. Decker.

COMMITTIBLE
Com*mit"ti*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being committed; liable to be committed. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

COMMIX
Com*mix", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Commixed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Commixing.] Etym: [Pref. com+ + mix: cf. L. commixtus, p. p.of
commiscere. See Mix.]

Defn: To mix or mingle together; to blend.
The commixed impressions of all the colors do stir up and beget a
sensation of white. Sir I. Newton.
To commix With winds that sailors rail at. Shak.

COMMIXION
Com*mix"ion, n. Etym: [See Commix.]

Defn: Commixture. Shak.

COMMIXTION
Com*mix"tion, n. Etym: [L. commixtio.]

Defn: Commixture; mingling. [R.]
An exact commixtion of the ingredients. Boyle.

COMMIXTURE
Com*mix"ture, n. Etym: [L. commixtura.]

1. The act or process of mixing; the state of being mingled; the blending of ingredients in one mass or compound. In the commixture of anything that is more oily or sweet, such bodies are least apt to putrefy. Bacon.

2. The mass formed by mingling different things; a compound; a mixture. Bacon.

COMMODATE
Com"mo*date, n. Etym: [L. commodatum thing lent, loan.] (Scots Law)

Defn: A gratuitous loan.

COMMODE Com*mode", n. Etym: [F. commode, fr. commode convenient, L. commodus; com- + modus measure, mode. See Mode.]

1. A kind of headdress formerly worn by ladies, raising the hair and fore part of the cap to a great height. Or under high commodes, with looks erect. Granville.

2. A piece of furniture, so named according to temporary fashion; as: (a) A cheat of drawers or a bureau. (b) A night stand with a compartment for holding a chamber vessel. (c) A kind of close stool. (d) A movable sink for a wash bowl, with closet.

COMMODIOUS Com*mo"di*ous, a. Etym: [LL. commodiosus, fr. L. commodum convenience, fr. commodus. See Commode.]

Defn: Adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities; serviceable; spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable; as, a commodious house. "A commodious drab." Shak. "Commodious gold." Pope. The haven was not commodious to winter in. Acts. xxvii. 12.

Syn. — Convenient; suitable; fit; proper; advantageous; serviceable; useful; spacious; comfortable.

COMMODIOUSLY
Com*mo"di*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a commodious manner.
To pass commodiously this life. Milton.

COMMODIOUSNESS
Com*mo"di*ous*ness, n.

Defn: State of being commodious; suitableness for its purpose;
convience; roominess.
Of cities, the greatness and riches increase according to the
commodiousness of their situation. Sir W. Temple.
The commodiousness of the harbor. Johnson.

COMMODITY Com*mod"i*ty, n.; pl. Commodities. Etym: [F. commodit, fr. L. commoditas. See Commode.]

1. Convenience; accommodation; profit; benefit; advantage; interest; commodiousness. [Obs.] Drawn by the commodity of a footpath. B. Jonson. Men may seek their own commodity, yet if this were done with injury to others, it was not to be suffered. Hooker.

2. That which affords convenience, advantage, or profit, especially in commerce, including everything movable that is bought and sold (except animals), — goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and manufactures, etc.

3. A parcel or quantity of goods. [Obs.] A commodity of brown paper and old ginger. Shak.

COMMODORE Com"mo*dore`, n. Etym: [Prob. a corruption of commander, or Sp. comendador a knight of a military order who holds a commandery; also a superior of a monastery;, fr. LL. commendare to command. Cf. Commend, Command, Commander.]

1. (U. S. Navy)

Defn: An officer who ranks next above a captain; sometimes, by courtesy, the senior captain of a squadron. The rank of commodore corresponds with that of brigadier general in the army.

2. (Brititsh Navy)

Defn: A captain commanding a squadron, or a division of a fleet, or having the temporary rank of rear admiral.

3. A title given courtesy to the senior captain of a line of merchant vessels, and also to the chief officer of a yachting or rowing club.

4. A familiar for the flagchip, or for the principal vessel of a squadron or fleet.

COMMON Com"mon, a. [Compar. Commoner; superl. Commonest.] Etym: [OE. commun, comon, OF. comun, F. commun, fr. L. communis; com- + munis ready to be of service; cf. Skr. mi to make fast, set up, build, Coth. gamains common, G. gemein, and E. mean low, common. Cf. Immunity, Commune, n. & v.]

1. Belonging or relating equally, or similary, to more than one; as, you and I have a common interest in the property. Though life and sense be common to men and brutes. Sir M. Hale.

2. Belonging to or shared by, affecting or serving, all the members of a class, consired together; general; public; as, propertis common to all plants; the common schools; the Book of Common Prayer. Such actions as the common good requereth. Hocker. The common enemy of man. Shak.

3. Often met with; usual; frequent; customary. Grief more than common grief. Shak.

4. Not distinguished or exceptional; inconspicuous; ordinary; plebeian; — often in a depreciatory sense. The honest, heart-felt enjoyment of common life. W. Irving. This fact was infamous And ill beseeming any common man, Much more a knight, a captain and a leader. Shak. Above the vulgar flight of common souls. A. Murpphy.

5. Profane; polluted. [Obs.] What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15.

6. Given to habits of lewdness; prostitute. A dame who herself was common. L'Estrange. Common bar (Law) Same as Blank bar, under Blank. — Common barrator (Law), one who makes a business of instigating litigation. — Common Bench, a name sometimes given to the English Court of Common Pleas. — Common brawler (Law), one addicted to public brawling and quarreling. See Brawler. — Common carrier (Law), one who undertakes the office of carrying (goods or persons) for hire. Such a carrier is bound to carry in all cases when he has accommodation, and when his fixed price is tendered, and he is liable for all losses and injuries to the goods, except those which happen in consequence of the act of God, or of the enemies of the country, or of the owner of the property himself. — Common chord (Mus.), a chord consisting of the fundamental tone, with its third and fifth. — Common council, the representative (legislative) body, or the lower branch of the representative body, of a city or other munisipal corporation. — Common crier, the crier of a town or city. — Common divisor (Math.), a number or quantity that divides two or more numbers or quantities without a remainder; a common measure. — Common gender (Gram.), the gender comprising words that may be of either the masculine or the feminine gender. — Common law, a system of jurisprudence developing under the guidance of the courts so as to apply a consistent and reasonable rule to each litigated case. It may be superseded by statute, but unless superseded it controls. Wharton.

Note: It is by others defined as the unwritten law (especially of England), the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, as ascertained and expressed in the judgments of the courts. This term is often used in contradistinction from statute law. Many use it to designate a law common to the whole country. It is also used to designate the whole body of English (or other) law, as distinguished from its subdivisions, local, civil, admiralty, equity, etc. See Law. — Common lawyer, one versed in common law. — Common lewdness (Law), the habitual performance of lewd acts in public. — Common multiple (Arith.) See under Multiple. — Common noun (Gram.), the name of any one of a class of objects, as distinguished from a proper noun (the name of a particular person or thing). — Common nuisance (Law), that which is deleterious to the health or comfort or sense of decency of the community at large. — Common pleas, one of the three superior courts of common law at Westminster, presided over by a chief justice and four puisne judges. Its jurisdiction is confined to civil matters. Courts bearing this title exist in several of the United States, having, however, in some cases, botth civil and criminal jurisdiction extending over the whole State. In other States the jurisdiction of the common pleas is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. Its powers are generally defined by statute. — Common prayer, the liturgy of the Church of England, or of the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, which all its clergy are enjoined use. It is contained in the Book of Common Prayer. — Common school, a school maintained at the public expense, and open to all. — Common scold (Law), a woman addicted to scolding indiscriminately, in public. — Common seal, a seal adopted and used by a corporation. — Common sense. (a) A supposed sense which was held to be the common bond of all the others. [Obs.] Trench. (b) Sound judgment. See under Sense. — Common time (Mus.), that variety of time in which the measure consists of two or of four equal portions. — In common, equally with another, or with others; owned, shared, or used, in community with others; affecting or affected equally. — Out of the common, uncommon; extraordinary. — Tenant in common, one holding real or personal property in common with others, having distinct but undivided interests. See Joint tenant, under Joint. — To make common cause with, to join or ally one's self with.

Syn. — General; public; popular; universal; frequent; ordinary; customary; usual; familiar; habitual; vulgar; mean; trite; stale; threadbare; commonplace. See Mutual, Ordinary, General.

COMMON
Com"mon, n.

1. The people; the community. [Obs.] "The weal o' the common." Shak.

2. An inclosed or uninclosed tract of ground for pleasure, for pasturage, etc., the use of which belongs to the public; or to a number of persons.

3. (Law)

Defn: The right of taking a profit in the land of another, in common either with the owner or with other persons; — so called from the community of interest which arises between the claimant of the right and the owner of the soil, or between the claimants and other commoners entitled to the same right. Common appendant, a right belonging to the owners or occupiers of arable land to put commonable beasts upon the waste land in the manor where they dwell. — Common appurtenant, a similar right applying to lands in other manors, or extending to other beasts, besides those which are generally commonable, as hogs. — Common because of vicinage or neighborhood, the right of the inhabitants of each of two townships, lying contiguous to each other, which have usually intercommoned with one another, to let their beasts stray into the other's fields. — Common in gross or at large, a common annexed to a man's person, being granted to him and his heirs by deed; or it may be claimed by prescriptive right, as by a parson of a church or other corporation sole. Blackstone. — Common of estovers, the right of taking wood from another's estate. — Common of pasture, the right of feeding beasts on the land of another. Burill. — Common of piscary, the right of fishing in waters belonging to another. — Common of turbary, the right of digging turf upon the ground of another.

COMMON
Com"mon, v. i.

1. To converse together; to discourse; to confer. [Obs.] Embassadors were sent upon both parts, and divers means of entreaty were commoned of. Grafton.

2. To participate. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

3. To have a joint right with others in common ground. Johnson.

4. To board together; to eat at a table in common.

COMMONABLE
Com"mon*a*ble, a.

1. Held in common. "Forests . . . and other commonable places." Bacon.

2. Allowed to pasture on public commons. Commonable beasts are either beasts of the plow, or such as manure the ground. Blackstone.

COMMONAGE
Com"mon*age, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. communage.]

Defn: The right of pasturing on a common; the right of using anything
in common with others.
The claim of comonage . . . in most of the forests. Burke.

COMMONALTY Com"mon*al*ty, n.; pl. Commonalties. Etym: [Of. communalté; F. communauté, fr. communal. See Communal.]

1. The common people; those classes and conditions of people who are below the rank of nobility; the commons. The commonalty, like the nobility, are divided into several degrees. Blackstone. The ancient fare of our kings differed from that of the commonalty in plenteousness only. Landon.

2. The majority or bulk of mankind. [Obs.] Hooker.

COMMONER
Com"mon*er, n.

1. One of the common people; one having no rank of nobility. All below them [the peers] even their children, were commoners, and in the eye law equal to each other. Hallam.

2. A member of the House of Commons.

3. One who has a joint right in common ground. Much good land might be gained from forests . . . and from other commonable places, so as always there be a due care taken that the poor commoners have no injury. Bacon.

4. One sharing with another in anything. [Obs.] Fuller.

5. A student in the university of Oxford, Eng., who is not dependent on any foundation for support, but pays all university charges; — at Cambrige called a pensioner.

6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Shak.

COMMONISH
Com"mon*ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat common; commonplace; vulgar.

COMMONITION
Com`mo*ni"tion, n. Etym: [L. commonitio. See Monition.]

Defn: Advice; warning; instruction. [Obs.] Bailey.

COMMONITIVE
Com*mon"i*tive, a.

Defn: Monitory. [Obs.]
Only commemorative and commonitive. Bp. Hall.

COMMONITORY
Com*mon"i*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. commonitorius.]

Defn: Calling to mind; giving admonition. [Obs.] Foxe.

COMMONLY
Com"mon*ly, adv.

1. Usually; generally; ordinarily; frequently; for the most part; as, confirmed habits commonly continue trough life.

2. In common; familiary. [Obs.] Spenser.

COMMONNESS
Com"mon*ness, n.

1. State or quality of being common or usual; as, the commonness of sunlight.

2. Triteness; meanness.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, a.

Defn: Common; ordinary; trite; as, a commonplace person, or observation.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, n.

1. An idea or expression wanting originality or interest; a trite or customary remark; a platitude.

2. A memorandum; something to be frequently consulted or referred to. Whatever, in my reading, occurs concerning this our fellow creature, I do never fail to set it down by way of commonplace. Swift. Commonplace book, a book in which records are made of things to be remembered.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, v. t.

Defn: To enter in a commonplace book, or to reduce to general heads.
Felton.

COMMONPLACE
Com"mon*place`, v. i.

Defn: To utter commonplaces; to indulge in platitudes. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMMONPLACENESS
Com"mon*place`ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being commonplace; commonness.

COMMONS
Com"mons, n. pl.,

1. The mass of the people, as distinguished from the titled chasses or nobility; the commonalty; the common people. [Eng.] 'T is like the commons, rude unpolished hinds, Could send such message to their sovereign. Shak. The word commons in its present ordinary signification comprises all the people who are under the rank of peers. Blackstone.

2. The House of Commons, or lower house of the British Parliament, consisting of representatives elected by the qualified voters of counties, boroughs, and universities. It is agreed that the Commons were no part of the great council till some ages after the Conquest. Hume.

3. Provisions; food; fare, — as that provided at a common table in colleges and universities. Their commons, though but coarse, were nothing scant. Dryden.

4. A club or association for boarding at a common table, as in a college, the members sharing the expenses equally; as, to board in commons.

5. A common; public pasture ground. To shake his ears, and graze in commons. Shak. Doctors' Commons, a place near St. Paul's Chuchyard in London where the doctors of civil law used to common together, and where were the ecclesiastical and admiralty courts and offices having jurisdiction of marriage licenses, divorces, registration of wills, etc. — To be on short commons, to have small allowance of food. [Colloq.]

COMMON SENSE
Com"mon sense".

Defn: See Common sense, under Sense.

COMMONTY
Com"mon*ty, n. (Scots Law)

Defn: A common; a piece of land in which two or more persons have a common right. Bell.

COMMONWEAL
Com"mon*weal", n. [Common + weal.]

Defn: Commonwealth.
Such a prince, So kind a father of the commonweal. Shak.

COMMONWEALTH
Com"mon*wealth`, n. Etym: [Common + wealth well-being.]

1. A state; a body politic consisting of a certain number of men, united, by compact or tacit agreement, under one form of government and system of laws. The trappings of a monarchy would set up an ordinary commonwealth. Milton.

Note: This term is applied to governments which are considered as free or popular, but rarely, or improperly, to an absolute government. The word signifies, strictly, the common well-being or happiness; and hence, a form of government in which the general welfare is regarded rather than the welfare of any class.

2. The whole body of people in a state; the public.

3. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: Specifically, the form of government established on the death of Charles I., in 1649, which existed under Oliver Cromwell and his son Richard, ending with the abdication of the latter in 1659.

Syn.
— State; realm; republic.

COMMORANCE
Com"mo*rance, n.

Defn: See Commorancy.

COMMORANCY
Com"mo*ran*cy, n.

1. (Law)

Defn: A dwelling or ordinary residence in a place; habitation.
Commorancy consists in usually lying there. Blackstone.

2. (Am. Law)

Defn: Residence temporarily, or for a short time.

COMMORANT Com"mo*rant, n. Etym: [L. commorans, p. pr. of commorari to abide; com- + morari to delay.]

1. (Law)

Defn: Ordinarily residing; inhabiting. All freeholders within the precinct . . . and all persons commorant therein. Blackstone.

2. (Am. Law)

Defn: Inhabiting or occupying temporarily.

COMMORANT
Com"mo*rant, n.

Defn: A resident. Bp. Hacket.

COMMORATION
Com`mo*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. commoratio.]

Defn: The act of staying or residing in a place. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

COMMORIENT
Com*mo"ri*ent, a. Etym: [L. commoriens, p. pr. of commoriri.]

Defn: Dying together or at the same time. [R.] Sir G. Buck.

COMMORSE Com*morse", n. Etym: [L. commorsus, p. p. of commordere to bite sharply.]

Defn: Remorse. [Obs.] "With sad commorse." Daniel.

COMMOTE
Com*mote", v. t. Etym: [See Commove.]

Defn: To commove; to disturb; to stir up. [R.]
Society being more or less commoted and made uncomfortable.
Hawthorne.

COMMOTION
Com*mo"tion, n. Etym: [L. commotio: cf. F. commotion. See Motion.]

1. Disturbed or violent motion; agitation. [What] commotion in the winds! Shak.

2. A popular tumult; public disturbance; riot. When ye shall hear of wars and commotions. Luke xxi. 9.

3. Agitation, perturbation, or disorder, of mind; heat; excitement. "He could not debate anything without some commotion." Clarendon.

Syn. — Excitement; agitation; perturbation; disturbance; tumult; disorder; violence.

COMMOVE
Com*move", v. t. [inp. & p. p. Commoved; p. pr. & vb. n. Commoving.]
Etym: [L. commovere, commotum; com- + movere to move.]

1. To urge; to persuade; to incite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To put in motion; to disturb; to unsettle. [R.] Straight the sands, Commoved around, in gathering eddies play. Thomson.

COMMUNAL
Com"mu*nal ( or ), a. Etym: [Cf. F. communal.]

Defn: Pertaining to a commune.

COMMUNALISM
Com"mu*nal*ism, n.

Defn: A French theory of government which holds that commune should be a kind of independent state, and the national government a confederation of such states, having only limited powers. It is advocated by advanced French republicans; but it should not be confounded with communism.

COMMUNALIST
Com"mu*nal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. communaliste.]

Defn: An advocate of communalism.

COMMUNALISTIC
Com`mu*nal*is"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to communalism.

COMMUNE
Com*mune", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Communed; p. pr. & vb. n. Communing.]
Etym: [OF. communier, fr. L. communicare to communicate, fr. communis
common. See Common, and cf. Communicate.]

1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel. I would commune with you of such things That want no ear but yours. Shak.

2. To receive the communion; to partake of the eucharist or Lord's supper. To commune under both kinds. Bp. Burnet. To commune with one's self or one's heart, to think; to reflect; to meditate.

COMMUNE
Com"mune, n.

Defn: Communion; sympathetic intercourse or conversation between
friends.
For days of happy commune dead. Tennyson.

COMMUNE
Com"mune, n. Etym: [F., fr. commun. See Common.]

1. The commonalty; the common people. [Obs.] Chaucer. In this struggle — to use the technical words of the time — of the "commune", the general mass of the inhabitants, against the "prudhommes" or "wiser" few. J. R. Green.

2. A small terrotorial district in France under the government of a mayor and municipal council; also, the inhabitants, or the government, of such a district. See Arrondissement.

3. Absolute municipal self-government. The Commune of Paris, or The Commune (a) The government established in Paris (1792-94) by a usurpation of supreme power on the part of representatives chosen by the communes; the period of its continuance is known as the "Reign of Terror." (b) The revolutionary government, modeled on the commune of 1792, which the communists, so called, attempted to establish in 1871.

COMMUNICABILITY
Com*mu`ni*ca*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. communicabilité.]

Defn: The quality of being communicable; capability of being imparted.

COMMUNICABLE
Com*mu"ni*ca*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. communicable, LL. communicabilis.]

1. Capable of being communicated, or imparted; as, a communicable disease; communicable knowledge.

2. Communicative; free-speaking. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
— Com*mu"ni*ca*ble*ness, n.
— Com*mu"ni*ca"bly, adv.

COMMUNICANT
Com*mu"ni*cant, n. Etym: [L. communicans, p. pr.]

1. One who partakes of, or is entitled to partake of, the sacrament of the Lord's supper; a church member. A never-failing monthly communicant. Atterbury.

2. One who communicates. Foxe.

COMMUNICANT
Com*mu"ni*cant, a.

Defn: Communicating. [R.] Coleridge.

COMMUNICATE
Com*mu"ni*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Communicated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Communicating.] Etym: [L. communicatus, p. p. of communicare to
communicate, fr. communis common. See Commune, v. i.]

1. To share in common; to participate in. [Obs.] To thousands that communicate our loss. B. Jonson

2. To impart; to convey; as, to communicate a disease or a sensation; to communicate motion by means of a crank. Where God is worshiped, there he communicates his blessings and holy influences. Jer. Taylor.

3. To make known; to recount; to give; to impart; as, to communicate information to any one.

4. To administer the communion to. [R.] She [the church] . . . may communicate him. Jer. Taylor.

Note: This verb was formerly followed by with before the person receiving, but now usually takes to after it. He communicated those thoughts only with the Lord Digby. Clarendon.

Syn. — To impart; bestow; confer; reveal; disclose; tell; announce; recount; make known. — To Communicate, Impart, Reveal. Communicate is the more general term, and denotes the allowing of others to partake or enjoy in common with ourselves. Impart is more specific. It is giving to others a part of what we had held as our own, or making them our partners; as, to impart our feelings; to impart of our property, etc. Hence there is something more intimate in imparting intelligence than in communicating it. To reveal is to disclose something hidden or concealed; as, to reveal a secret.

COMMUNICATE
Com*mu"ni*cate, v. i.

1. To share or participate; to possess or enjoy in common; to have sympathy. Ye did communicate with my affliction. Philip. iv. 4.

2. To give alms, sympathy, or aid. To do good and to communicate forget not. Heb. xiii. 16.

3. To have intercourse or to be the means of intercourse; as, to communicate with another on business; to be connected; as, a communicating artery. Subjects suffered to communicate and to have intercourse of traffic. Hakluyt. The whole body is nothing but a system of such canals, which all communicate with one another. Arbutnot.

4. To partake of the Lord's supper; to commune. The primitive Christians communicated every day. Jer. Taylor.

COMMUNICATION
Com*mu`ni*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. communicatio.]

1. The act or fact of communicating; as, communication of smallpox; communication of a secret.

2. Intercourse by words, letters, or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or other means; conference; correspondence. Argument . . . and friendly communication. Shak.

3. Association; company. Evil communications corrupt manners. 1 Cor. xv. 33.

4. Means of communicating; means of passing from place to place; a connecting passage; connection. The Euxine Sea is conveniently situated for trade, by the communication it has both with Asia and Europe. Arbuthnot.

5. That which is communicated or imparted; intelligence; news; a verbal or written message.

6. Participation in the Lord's supper. Bp. Pearson.

7. (Rhet.)

Defn: A trope, by which a speaker assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of I or you. Beattie.

Syn.
— Correspondence; conference; intercourse.

COMMUNICATIVE Com*mu"ni*ca*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. Communicatif, LL. communicativus.]

Defn: Inclined to communicate; ready to impart to others.
Determine, for the future, to be less communicative. Swift.

COMMUNICATIVENESS
Com*mu"ni*ca*tive*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being communicative. Norris.

COMMUNICATOR
Com*mu"ni*ca`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who communicates. Boyle.

COMMUNICATORY
Com*mu"ni*ca"to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. communicatorius.]

Defn: Imparting knowledge or information.
Canonical and communicatory letters. Barrow.

COMMUNION
Com*mun"ion, n. Etym: [L. communio: cf. F. communion. See Common.]

1. The act of sharing; community; participation. "This communion of goods." Blackstone.

2. Intercourse between two or more persons; esp., intimate association and intercourse implying sympathy and confidence; interchange of thoughts, purposes, etc.; agreement; fellowship; as, the communion of saints. We are naturally induced to seek communion and fellowship with others. Hooker. What communion hath light with darkness 2 Cor. vi. 14. Bare communion with a good church can never alone make a good man. South.

3. A body of Christians having one common faith and discipline; as, the Presbyterian communion.

4. The sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the Lord's supper; the act of partaking of the sacrament; as, to go to communion; to partake of the communion. Close communion. See under Close, a. — Communion elements, the bread and wine used in the celebration of the Lord's supper. — Communion service, the celebration of the Lord's supper, or the office or service therefor. — Communion table, the table upon which the elements are placed at the celebration of the Lord's supper. — Communion in both kinds, participation in both the bread and wine by all communicants. — Communion in one kind, participation in but one element, as in the Roman Catholic Church, where the laity partake of the bread only.

Syn. — Share; participation; fellowship; converse; intercourse; unity; concord; agreement.

COMMUNISM
Com"mu*nism, n. Etym: [F. communisme, fr. commun common.]

Defn: A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life; specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for the equal use and advantage of all.

Note: At different times, and in different countries, various schemes pertaining to socialism in government and the conditions of domestic life, as well as in the distribution of wealth, have been called communism.

COMMUNIST
Com"mu*nist, n. Etym: [F. communiste.]

1. An advocate for the theory or practice of communism.

2. A supporter of the commune of Paris.

COMMUNISTIC
Com`mu*nis"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to communism or communists; as, communistic theories.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Living or having their nests in common, as certain birds.

COMMUNITY Com*mu"ni*ty, n.; pl. Communities. Etym: [L. communitas: cf. OF. communité. Cf. Commonalty, and see Common.]

1. Common possession or enjoyment; participation; as, a community of
goods.
The original community of all things. Locke.
An unreserved community of thought and feeling. W. Irwing.

2. A body of people having common rights, privileges, or interests, or living in the same place under the same laws and regulations; as, a community of monks. Hence a number of animals living in a common home or with some apparent association of interests. Creatures that in communities exist. Wordsworth.

3. Society at large; a commonwealth or state; a body politic; the public, or people in general. Burdens upon the poorer classes of the community. Hallam.

Note: In this sense, the term should be used with the definite article; as, the interests of the community.

4. Common character; likeness. [R.] The essential community of nature between organic growth and inorganic growth. H. Spencer.

5. Commonness; frequency. [Obs.] Eyes . . . sick and blunted with community. Shak.

COMMUTABILITY
Com*mu`ta*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being commutable.

COMMUTABLE
Com*mut"a*ble, a. Etym: [L. commutabilis.]

Defn: Capable of being commuted or interchanged.
The predicate and subject are not commutable. Whately.

COMMUTABLENESS
Com*mut"a*ble*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being commutable; interchangeableness.

COMMUTATION
Com`mu*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. commutatio: cf. F. commutation.]

1. A passing from one state to another; change; alteration; mutation. [R.] So great is the commutation that the soul then hated only that which now only it loves. South.

2. The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange. [Obs.] The use of money is . . . that of saving the commutation of more bulky commodities. Arbuthnot.

3. (Law)

Defn: The change of a penalty or punishment by the pardoning power of the State; as, the commutation of a sentence of death to banishment or imprisonment. Suits are allowable in the spiritual courts for money agreed to be given as a commutation for penance. Blackstone.

4. A substitution, as of a less thing for a greater, esp. a substitution of one form of payment for another, or one payment for many, or a specific sum of money for conditional payments or allowances; as, commutation of tithes; commutation of fares; commutation of copyright; commutation of rations. Angle of commutation (Astron.), the difference of the geocentric longitudes of the sun and a planet. — Commutation of tithes, the substitution of a regular payment, chargeable to the land, for the annual tithes in kind. — Commutation ticket, a ticket, as for transportation, which is the evidence of a contract for service at a reduced rate. See 2d Commute, 2.

COMMUTATION TICKET
Com`mu*ta"tion tick"et.

Defn: A ticket for transportation at a reduced rate in consideration of some special circumstance, as increase of travel; specif., a ticket for a certain number of, or for daily, trips between neighboring places at a reduced rate, such as are commonly used by those doing business in a city and living in a suburb. Commutation tickets are excepted from the prohibition against special rates contained in the Interstate Commerce Act of Feb. 4, 1887 (24 Stat. 379), and in 145 U. S. 263 it was held that party tickets were also excepted as being "obviously within the commuting principle."

COMMUTATIVE
Com*mut"a*tive, a. Etym: [CF. F. commutatif.]

Defn: Relative to exchange; interchangeable; reciprocal.
— Com*mut"a*tive"ly, adv.
Rich traders, from their success, are presumed . . . to have
cultivated an habitual regard to commutative justice. Burke.

COMMUTATOR
Com"mu*ta`tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A piece of apparatus used for reversing the direction of an electrical current; an attachment to certain electrical machines, by means of which alternating currents are made to be continuous or to have the same direction.

COMMUTE
Com*mute", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Commuted; p. pr. & vb. n. Commuting.]
Etym: [L. commutare, -mutatum; com- + mutare to change. See
Mutation.]

Defn: To exchange; to put or substitute something else in place of, as a smaller penalty, obligation, or payment, for a greater, or a single thing for an aggregate; hence; to lessen; to diminish; as, to commute a sentence of death to one of imprisonment for life; to commute tithes; to commute charges for fares. The sounds water and fire, being once annexed to those two elements, it was certainly more natural to call beings participating of the first "watery", and the last "fiery", than to commute the terms, and call them by the reverse. J. Harris The utmost that could be obtained was that her sentence should be commuted from burning to beheading. Macaulay.

COMMUTE
Com*mute", v. i.

1. To obtain or bargain for exemption or substitution; to effect a commutation. He . . . thinks it unlawful to commute, and that he is bound to pay his vow in kind. Jer. Taylor.

2. To pay, or arrange to pay, in gross instead of part by part; as, to commute for a year's travel over a route.

COMMUTER
Com*mut"er, n.

Defn: One who commutes; especially, one who commutes in traveling.

COMMUTUAL
Com*mu"tu*al, a. Etym: [Pref. com- + mutual.]

Defn: Mutual; reciprocal; united. [R.]
There, with commutual zeal, we both had strove. Pope.

COMOSE
Co"mose ( or ), a. Etym: [L. comosus hairy, from coma hair.] (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing a tuft of soft hairs or down, as the seeds of milkweed.
Gray.

COMPACT Com*pact", p. p. & a Etym: [L. compactus, p. p. of compingere to join or unite; com- + pangere to fasten, fix: cf. F. compacte. See Pact.]

1. Joined or held together; leagued; confederated. [Obs.] "Compact with her that's gone." Shak. A pipe of seven reeds, compact with wax together. Peacham.

2. Composed or made; — with of. [Poetic] A wandering fire, Compact of unctuous vapor. Milton.

3. Closely or firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies; firm; close; solid; dense. Glass, crystal, gems, and other compact bodies. Sir I. Newton.

4. Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as, a compact discourse.

Syn.
— Firm; close; solid; dense; pithy; sententious.

COMPACT
Com*pact", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compacted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compacting.]

1. To thrust, drive, or press closely together; to join firmly; to consolidate; to make close; — as the parts which compose a body. Now the bright sun compacts the precious stone. Blackstone.

2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system. The whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth. Eph. iv. 16.

COMPACT
Com"pact, n. Etym: [L. compactum, fr. compacisci, p. p. compactus, to
make an agreement with; com- + pacisci to make an agreement. See
Pact.]

Defn: An agreement between parties; a covenant or contract.
The law of nations depends on mutual compacts, treaties, leagues,
etc. Blackstone.
Wedlock is described as the indissoluble compact. Macaulay.
The federal constitution has been styled a compact between the States
by which it was ratified. Wharton.

Syn.
— See Covenant.

COMPACTED
Com*pact"ed, a.

Defn: Compact; pressed close; concentrated; firmly united.

COMPACTEDLY
Com*pact"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a compact manner.

COMPACTEDNESS
Com*pact"ed*ness, n.

Defn: A state of being compact.

COMPACTER
Com*pact"er, n.

Defn: One who makes a compact.

COMPACTIBLE
Com*pact"i*ble, a.

Defn: That may be compacted.

COMPACTION
Com*pac"tion, n. Etym: [L. compactio.]

Defn: The act of making compact, or the state of being compact.
[Obs.] Bacon.

COMPACTLY
Com*pact"ly, adv.

Defn: In a compact manner; with close union of parts; densely; tersely.

COMPACTNESS
Com*pact"ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being compact; close union of parts; density.

COMPACTURE
Com*pac"ture, n. Etym: [L. compactura.]

Defn: Close union or connection of parts; manner of joining; construction. [Obs.] "With comely compass and compacture strong." Spenser.

COMPAGES Com*pa"ges, n. sing & pl. Etym: [L., fr. compingere. See Compact, v. t.]

Defn: A system or structure of many parts united.
A regular compages of pipes and vessels. Ray.

COMPAGINATE
Com*pag"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. compaginare, compaginatum.]

Defn: To unite or hold together; as, the side pieces compaginate the frame. [Obs.] W. Montagu.

COMPAGINATION
Com*pag`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. compaginatio.]

Defn: Union of parts; structure. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COMPANABLE
Com"pa*na*ble, a. Etym: [OF. compaignable.]

Defn: Companionable; sociable. [Obs.] Chaucer.

COMPANATOR
Com"pa*na`tor, n. Etym: [LL. companatores, pl.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Impanator.

COMPANIABLE
Com*pan"i*a*ble, a.

Defn: Companionable; sociable. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMPANION Com*pan"ion, n. Etym: [F. compagnon, OF. compaing, fr. as assumed LL. companio (cf. companium fellowship, a mess), fr. L. com- + panis bread. See Pantry.]

1. One who accompanies or is in company with another for a longer or shorter period, either from choice or casually; one who is much in the company of, or is associated with, another or others; an associate; a comrade; a consort; a partner. The companions of his fall. Milton. The companion of fools shall smart for it. Prov. xiii. 20 (Rev. Ver. ) Here are your sons again; and I must lose Two of the sweetest companions in the world. Shak. A companion is one with whom we share our bread; a messmate. Trench.

2. A knight of the lowest rank in certain orders; as, a companion of the Bath.

3. A fellow; — in contempt. [Obs.] Shak.

4. Etym: [Cf. OSp. compaña an outhouse, office.] (Naut.) (a) A skylight on an upper deck with frames and sashes of various shapes, to admit light to a cabin or lower deck. (b) A wooden hood or penthouse covering the companion way; a companion hatch. Companion hatch (Naut.), a wooden porch over the entrance or staircase of the cabin. — Companion ladder (Naut.), the ladder by which officers ascend to, or descend from, the quarter-deck. Totten. — Companion way (Naut.), a staircase leading to the cabin. — Knights companions, in certain honorary orders, the members of the lowest grades as distinguished from knights commanders, knights grand cross, and the like.

Syn. — Associate; comrade; mate; compeer; partner; ally; confederate; coadjutor; accomplice.

COMPANION
Com*pan"ion, v. t.

1. To be a companion to; to attend on; to accompany. [R.] Ruskin.

2. To qualify as a companion; to make equal. [Obs.] Companion me with my mistress. Shak.

COMPANIONABLE
Com*pan"ion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Fitted to be a companion; fit for good fellowship; agreeable;
sociable. "Each companionable guest." Mallett. "Companionable wit."
Clarendon.
— Com*pan"ion*a*ble*ness, n.
— Com*pan"ion*a*bly, adv.

COMPANIONLESS
Com*pan"ion*less, a.

Defn: Without a companion.

COMPANIONSHIP
Com*pan"ion*ship, n.

Defn: Fellowship; association; the act or fact of keeping company
with any one. Shak.
He never seemed to avail himself of my sympathy other than by mere
companionship. W. Irwing

COMPANY
Com"pa*ny, n.; pl. Companies. Etym: [F. compagnie, fr. OF. compaing.
See Companion.]

1. The state of being a companion or companions; the act of accompaying; fellowship; companionship; society; friendly intercourse. Shak. Evil company doth corrupt good manners. 1 Cor. xv. 33. (Rev. Ver. ). Brethren, farewell: your company along I will not wish. Milton.

2. A companion or companions. To thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. Shak.

3. An assemblage or association of persons, either permanent or transient. Thou shalt meet a company of prophets. 1 Sam. x. 5.

4. Guests or visitors, in distinction from the members of a family; as, to invite company to dine.

5. Society, in general; people assembled for social intercourse. Nature has left every man a capacity of being agreeable, though not of shining in company. Swift.

6. An association of persons for the purpose of carrying on some enterprise or business; a corporation; a firm; as, the East India Company; an insurance company; a joint-stock company.

7. Partners in a firm whose names are not mentioned in its style or title; — often abbreviated in writing; as, Hottinguer & Co.

8. (Mil.)

Defn: A subdivision of a regiment of troops under the command of a captain, numbering in the United States (full strength) 100 men.

9. (Naut.)

Defn: The crew of a ship, including the officers; as, a whole ship's company.

10. The body of actors employed in a theater or in the production of a play. To keep company with. See under Keep, v. t.

Syn. — Assemblage; assembly; society; group; assembly; society; group; circle; crowd; troop; crew; gang; corporation; association; fraternity; guild; partnership; copartnery; union; club; party; gathering.

COMPANY
Com"pa*ny, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Companied; p. pr. & vb. n.
Companying.]

Defn: To accompany or go with; to be companion to. [Obs.]

COMPANY
Com"pa*ny, v. i.

1. To associate. Men which have companied with us all the time. Acts i. 21.

2. To be a gay companion. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To have sexual commerce. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

COMPARABLE
Com"pa*ra*ble, a. Etym: [L. comparabilis: cf. F. comparable.]

Defn: Capable of being compared; worthy of comparison.
There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment of a
discreet and virtuous friend. Addison.
— Com"pa*ra*ble*ness, n.
— Com"pa*ra*bly, adv.

COMPARATE Com"pa*rate, n. Etym: [L. comparatum, fr. comparatus, p. p. of comparare. See 1st Compare.] (Logic)

Defn: One of two things compared together.

COMPARATION
Com`pa*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. comparatio. See Compare to get.]

Defn: A making ready; provision. [Obs.]

COMPARATIVE
Com*par"a*tive, a. Etym: [L. comparativus: cf. F. comparatif.]

1. Of or pertaining to comparison. "The comparative faculty." Granvill.

2. Proceeding from, or by the method of, comparison; as, the comparative anatomy.

3. Estimated by comparison; relative; not positive or absolute, as compared with another thing or state. The recurrence of comparative warmth and cold. Whewell. The bubble, by reason of its comparative levity to the fluid that incloses it, would necessarily ascend to the top. Bentley.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: Expressing a degree greater or less than the positive degree of the quality denoted by an adjective or adverb. The comparative degree is formed from the positive by the use of -er, more, or less; as, brighter, more bright, or less bright. Comparative sciences, those which are based on a comprehensive comparison of the range of objects or facts in any branch or department, and which aim to study out and treat of the fundamental laws or systems of relation pervading them; as, comparative anatomy, comparative physiology, comparative philology.

COMPARATIVE
Com*par"a*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The comparative degree of adjectives and adverbs; also, the form by which the comparative degree is expressed; as, stronger, wiser, weaker, wore stormy, less windy, are all comparatives. In comparatives is expressed a relation of two; as in superlatives there is a relation of many.

2. An equal; a rival; a compeer. [Obs.] Gerard ever was His full comparative. Beau. & Fl.

3. One who makes comparisons; one who affects wit. [Obs.] "Every beardless vain comparative." Shak.

COMPARATIVELY
Com*par"a*tive*ly, adv.

Defn: According to estimate made by comparison; relatively; not positively or absolutely. With but comparatively few exceptions. Prescott.

COMPARATOR
Com"pa*ra`tor ( or ), n. Etym: [L., a comparater.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument or machine for comparing anything to be measured with a standard measure; — applied especially to a machine for comparing standards of length.

COMPARE
Com*pare", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compared; p. pr. & vb. n. Comparing.]
Etym: [L.comparare, fr. compar like or equal to another; com- + par
equal: cf. F. comparer. See Pair, Peer an equal, and cf. Compeer.]

1. To examine the character or qualities of, as of two or more persons or things, for the purpose of discovering their resemblances or differences; to bring into comparison; to regard with discriminating attention. Compare dead happiness with living woe. Shak. The place he found beyond expression bright, Compared with aught on earth. Milton. Compare our faces and be judge yourself. Shak. To compare great things with small. Milton.

2. To represent as similar, for the purpose of illustration; to liken. Solon compared the people unto the sea, and orators and counselors to the winds; for that the sea would be calm and quiet if the winds did not trouble it. Bacon.

3. (Gram.)

Defn: To inflect according to the degrees of comparison; to state positive, comparative, and superlative forms of; as, most adjectives of one syllable are compared by affixing "-er" and "-est" to the positive form; as, black, blacker, blackest; those of more than one syllable are usually compared by prefixing "more" and "most", or "less" and "least", to the positive; as, beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful.

Syn. — To Compare, Compare with, Compare to. Things are compared with each other in order to learn their relative value or excellence. Thus we compare Cicero with Demosthenes, for the sake of deciding which was the greater orator. One thing is compared to another because of a real or fanciful likeness or similarity which exists between them. Thus it has been common to compare the eloquence of Demosthenes to a thunderbolt, on account of its force, and the eloquence of Cicero to a conflagration, on account of its splendor. Burke compares the parks of London to the lungs of the human body.

COMPARE
Com*pare", v. i.

1. To be like or equal; to admit, or be worthy of, comparison; as, his later work does not compare with his earlier. I should compare with him in excellence. Shak.

2. To vie; to assume a likeness or equality. Shall pack horses . . . compare with Cæsars Shak.

COMPARE
Com*pare", n.

1. Comparison. [Archaic] His mighty champion, strong beyond compare. Milton. Their small galleys may not hold compare With our tall ships. Waller.

2. Illustration by comprison; simile. [Obs.] Rhymes full of protest, of oath, and big compare. Shak. Beyond compare. See Beyond comparison, under Comparison.

COMPARE Com*pare", v. t. Etym: [L. comparare to prepare, procure; com- + parare. See Prepare, Parade.]

Defn: To get; to procure; to obtain; to acquire [Obs.]
To fill his bags, and richesse to compare. Spenser.

COMPARER
Com*par"er, n.

Defn: One who compares.

COMPARISON Com*par"i*son ( or ), n. Etym: [F. comparaison, L. comparatio. See 1st Compare.]

1. The act of comparing; an examination of two or more objects with the view of discovering the resemblances or differences; relative estimate. As sharp legal practitioners, no class of human beings can bear comparison with them. Macaulay. The miracles of our Lord and those of the Old Testament afford many interesting points of comparison. Trench.

2. The state of being compared; a relative estimate; also, a state, quality, or relation, admitting of being compared; as, to bring a thing into comparison with another; there is no comparison between them.

3. That to which, or with which, a thing is compared, as being equal or like; illustration; similitude. Whereto shall we liken the kingdom of God Or with what comparison shall we compare it Mark iv. 30.

4. (Gram.)

Defn: The modification, by inflection or otherwise, which the adjective and adverb undergo to denote degrees of quality or quantity; as, little, less, least, are examples of comparison.

5. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure by which one person or thing is compared to another, or the two are considered with regard to some property or quality, which is common to them both; e.g., the lake sparkled like a jewel.

6. (Phren.)

Defn: The faculty of the reflective group which is supposed to perceive resemblances and contrasts. Beyond comparison, so far superior as to have no likeness, or so as to make comparison needless. — In comparison of, In comparison with, as compared with; in proportion to. [Archaic] "So miserably unpeopled in comparison of what it once was." Addison. — Comparison of hands (Law), a mode of proving or disproving the genuineness of a signature or writing by comparing it with another proved or admitted to be genuine, in order to ascertain whether both were written by the same person. Bouvier. Burrill.

COMPARISON
Com*par"i*son, v. t.

Defn: To compare. [Obs.] Wyclif.

COMPART
Com*part", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Comparted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Comparting.] Etym: [L. compartiri; com- + partiri, partire to share,
pars, partis, part, share: cf. OF. compartir. See Part, v. t.]

Defn: To divide; to mark out into parts or subdivisions. [R.]
The crystal surface is comparted all In niches verged with rubies.
Glover.

COMPARTITION
Com`par*ti"tion, n. Etym: [LL. compartitio.]

Defn: The act of dividing into parts or compartments; division; also, a division or compartment. [Obs.] Their temples . . . needed no compartitions. Sir H. Wotton.

COMPARTMENT
Com*part"ment, n. Etym: [F. compartiment, OF. compartir to divide.
See Compart.]

1. One of the parts into which an inclosed portion of space is divided, as by partitions, or lines; as, the compartments of a cabinet, a house, or a garden. In the midst was placed a large compartment composed of grotesque work. Carew.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: One of the sections into which the hold of a ship is divided by water-tight bulkheads.

COMPARTNER
Com*part"ner, n.

Defn: See Copartner. [Obs.]

COMPASS Com"pass, n. Etym: [F. compas, fr. LL. compassus circle, prop., a stepping together; com- + passus pace, step. See Pace, Pass.]

1. A passing round; circuit; circuitous course. They fetched a compass of seven day's journey. 2 Kings iii. 9. This day I breathed first; time is come round, And where I did begin, there shall I end; My life is run his compass. Shak.

2. An inclosing limit; boundary; circumference; as, within the compass of an encircling wall.

3. An inclosed space; an area; extent. Their wisdom . . . lies in a very narrow compass. Addison.

4. Extent; reach; sweep; capacity; sphere; as, the compass of his eye; the compass of imagination. The compass of his argument. Wodsworth.

5. Moderate bounds, limits of truth; moderation; due limits; — used with within. In two hundred years before (I speak within compass), no such commission had been executed. Sir J. Davies.

6. (Mus.)

Defn: The range of notes, or tones, within the capacity of a voice or
instument.
You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass.
Shak.

7. An instrument for determining directions upon the carth's surface by means of a magnetized bar or needle turning freely upon a pivot and pinting in a northerly and southerly direction. He that firat discovered the use of the compass did more for the supplying and increase of useful commodities than those who built workhouses. Locke.

8. A pair of compasses. [R.] To fix one foot of their compass wherever they please. Swift.

9. A circle; a continent. [Obs.] The tryne compas [the threefold world containing earth, sea, and heaven. Skeat.] Chaucer. Azimuth compass. See under Azimuth. — Beam compass. See under Beam. — Compass card, the eircular card attached to the needles of a mariner's compass, on which are marked the thirty-two points or rhumbs. — Compass dial, a small pocket compass fitted with a sundial to tell the hour of the day. — Compass plane (Carp.), a plane, convex in the direction of its length on the under side, for smoothing the concave faces of curved woodwork. — Compass plant, Compass flower (Bot.), a plant of the American prairies (Silphium laciniatum), not unlike a small sunflower; rosinweed. Its lower and root leaves are vertical, and on the prairies are disposed to present their edges north and south. Its leaves are turned to the north as true as the magnet: This is the compass flower. Longefellow. — Compass saw, a saw with a narrow blade, which will cut in a curve; — called also fret saw and keyhole saw. — Compass timber (Shipbuilding), curved or crooked timber. — Compass window (Arch.), a circular bay window or oriel window. It has two or more magnetic needles permanently attached to a card, which moves freely upon a pivot, and is read with reference to a mark on the box representing the ship's head. The card is divided into thirty-two points, called also rhumbs, and the glass-covered box or bowl containing it is suspended in gimbals within the binnacle, in order to preserve its horizontal position. — Surveyor's compass, an instrument used in surveying for measuring horizontal angles. See Circumferentor. — Variation compass, a compass of delicate construction, used in observations on the variations of the needle. — To fetch a compass, to make a circuit.

COMPASS
Com"pass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Compassing.]
Etym: [F. compasser, LL. compassare.]

1. To go about or entirely round; to make the circuit of. Ye shall compass the city seven times. Josh. vi. 4. We the globe can compass soon. Shak.

2. To inclose on all sides; to surround; to encircle; to envior; to invest; to besiege; — used with about, round, around, and round about. With terrors and with clamors compassed round. Milton. Now all the blessings Of a glad cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round.uke xix. 43.

3. To reach round; to circumvent; to get within one's power; to obtain; to accomplish. If I can chek my erring love, I will: If not, to compass her I'll use my skill. Shak. How can you to compass your designs Denham.

4. To curve; to bend into a circular form. [Obs. except in carpentry and shipbuilding.] Shak.

5. (Law)

Defn: To purpose; to intend; to imagine; to plot. Compassing and imagining the death of the king are synonymous terms; compassing signifying the purpose or design of the mind or will, and not, as in common speech, the carrying such design to effect. Blackstone.

COMPASSABLE
Com"pass*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being compassed or accomplished. Burke.

COMPASSED
Com"passed, a.

Defn: Rounded; arched. [Obs.]
She came . . . into the compassed window. Shak.

COMPASSES
Com"pass*es, n., pl.

Defn: An instrument for describing circles, measuring figures, etc., consisting of two, or (rarely) more, pointed branches, or legs, usually joined at the top by a rivet on which they move.

Note: The compasses for drawing circles have adjustable pen points, pencil points, etc.; those used for measuring without adjustable points are generally called dividers. See Dividers. Bow compasses. See Bow-compass. — Caliber compasses, Caliper compasses. See Calipers. — Proportional, Triangular, etc., compasses. See under Proportional, etc.

COMPASSING
Com"pass*ing, a. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Curved; bent; as, compassing timbers.

COMPASSION Com*pas"sion, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. compassio, fr. compati to have compassion; com- + pati to bear, suffer. See Patient.]

Defn: Literally, suffering with another; a sensation of sorrow
excited by the distress or misfortunes of another; pity;
commiseration.
Womanly igenuity set to work by womanly compassion. Macaulay.

Syn.
— Pity; sympathy; commiseration; fellow-feeling; mercy; condolence.
See Pity.

COMPASSION
Com*pas"sion, v. t.

Defn: To pity. [Obs.] Shak.

COMPASSIONABLE
Com*pas"sion*a*ble, a.

Defn: Deserving compassion or pity; pitiable. [R.] Barrow.

COMPASSIONATE
Com*pas"sion*ate, a.

1. Having a temper or disposition to pity; sympathetic; merciful. There never was any heart truly great and generous, that was not also tender and compassionate. South.

2. Complaining; inviting pity; pitiable. [R.] Shak.

Syn.
— Sympathizing; tender; merciful; pitiful.

COMPASSIONATE
Com*pas"sion*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compassionated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Compassionating.]

Defn: To have compassion for; to pity; to commiserate; to sympathize
with.
Compassionates my pains, and pities me. Addison.

COMPASSIONATELY
Com*pas"sion*ate*ly, adv.

Defn: In a compassionate manner; mercifully. Clarendon.

COMPASSIONATENESS
Com*pas"sion*ate*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being compassionate.

COMPASSLESS
Com"pass*less, a.

Defn: Having no compass. Knowles.

COMPATERNITY Com`pa*ter"ni*ty, n. Etym: [LL. compaternitas, fr. compater godfather; com- + pater father.]

Defn: The relation of a godfather to a person. [Obs.] The relation of gossipred or compaternity by the cannon law is a spiritual affinity. Sir J. Da

COMPATIBILITY
Com*pat`i*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. compatibilit.]

Defn: The quality or power of being compatible or congruous; congruity; as, a compatibility of tempers; a compatibility of properties.

COMPATIBLE
Com*pat"i*ble, a. Etym: [F., fr. LL.compatibilis, fr. L. compati. See
Compassion.]

Defn: Capable of existing in harmony; congruous; suitable; not repugnant; — usually followed by with. Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by nature the most compatible. Broome.

Syn.
— Consistent; suitable; agreeable; accordant.

COMPATIBLENESS
Com*pat"i*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Compatibility; consistency; fitness; agreement.

COMPATIBLY
Com*pat"i*bly, adv.

Defn: In a compatible manner.

COMPATIENT
Com*pa"tient, a. Etym: [L. compatients, p. pr. of compati. See
Compassion.]

Defn: Suffering or enduring together. [Obs.] Sir G. Buck.

COMPATRIOT Com*pa"tri*ot, n. Etym: [F. compatriote, LL. compatriotus; com- + patriota a native. See Patriot, and cf. Copatriot.]

Defn: One of the same country, and having like interests and feeling. The distrust with which they felt themselves to be regarded by their compatriots in America. Palfrey.

COMPATRIOT
Com*pa"tri*ot, a.

Defn: Of the same country; having a common sentiment of patriotism. She [Britain] rears to freedom an undaunted race, Compatriot, zealous, hospitable, kind. Thomson.

COMPATRIOTISM
Com*pa"tri*ot*ism, n.

Defn: The condition of being compatriots.

COMPEAR Com*pear", v. i. Etym: [F. comparior, L. compar; com- + par to appear.]

1. To appear. [Obs.]

2. (Law)

Defn: To appear in court personally or by attorney. [Scot]

COMPEER Com*peer", Etym: [OE. comper, through French fr. L. compar; com- + par equal. See Peer an equal, and cf. 1st Compare.]

Defn: An equal, as in rank, age, prowess, etc.; a companion; a
comrade; a mate.
And him thus answer 'd soon his bold compeer. Milton.

COMPEER
Com*peer", v. t.

Defn: To be equal with; to match. [R.]
In my rights, By me invested, he compeers the best. Shak.

COMPEER; COMPEIR
Com*peer", Com*peir", v. i.

Defn: See Conpear.

COMPEL
Com*pel", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compelled; p. pr. & vb. n Compelling.]
Etym: [L. compellere, compilstum, to drive together, to compel, urge;
com- + pellere to drive: cf. OF. compellir. See Pulse.]

1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly; to force; to constrain; to oblige; to necessitate, either by physical or moral force. Wolsey . . . compelled the people to pay up the whole subsidy at once. Hallam. And they compel one Simon . . . to bear his cross. Mark xv. 21.

2. To take by force or violence; to seize; to exact; to extort. [R.] Commissions, which compel from each The sixth part of his substance. Shak.

3. To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate. Easy sleep their weary limbs compelled. Dryden. I compel all creatures to my will. Tennyson.

4. To gather or unite in a crowd or company. [A Latinism] "In one troop compelled." Dryden.

5. To call forth; to summon. [Obs.] Chapman. She had this knight from far compelled. Spenser.

Syn.
— To force; constrain; oblige; necessitate; coerce. See Coerce.

COMPEL
Com*pel", v. i.

Defn: To make one yield or submit. "If she can not entreat, I can not compel." Shak.

COMPELLABLE
Com*pel"la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being compelled or constrained. Blackstone.

COMPELLABLY
Com*pel"la*bly, adv.

Defn: By compulsion.

COMPELLATION Com`pel*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. compellatio, fr. compellare to accost, fr. compellere. See Compel.]

Defn: Style of address or salutation; an appellation. "Metaphorical
compellations." Milton.
He useth this endearing compellation, "My little children." Bp.
Beveridge.
The peculiar compellation of the kings in France is by "Sire," which
is nothing else but father. Sir W. Temple.

COMPELLATIVE
Com*pel"la*tive, n. (Gram.)

Defn: The name by which a person is addressed; an appellative.

COMPELLATORY
Com*pel"la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to compel; compulsory. [R.]

COMPELLER
Com*pel"ler, n.

Defn: One who compels or constrains.

COMPEND
Com"pend, n.

Defn: A compendium; an epitome; a summary.
A compend and recapitulation of the Mosaical law. Bp. Burnet.

COMPENDIARIOUS
Com*pen`di*a"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. compendiarius.]

Defn: Short; compendious. [Obs.] Bailey.

COMPENDIATE Com*pen"di*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. compendiatus, p. p. of compendiare to shorten, fr. compendium.]

Defn: To sum or collect together. [Obs.] Bp. King.

COMPENDIOUS
Com*pen"di*ous, a. Etym: [L. compendiosus.]

Defn: Containing the substance oe general principles of a subject or work in a narrow compass; abridged; summarized. More compendious and exeditious ways. Woodward. Three things be required in the oration of a man having authority — that it be compendious, sententious, and delectable. Sir T. Elyot.

Syn. — Short; summary; abridged; condensed; comprehensive; succinct; brief; concise.

COMPENDIOUSLY
Com*pen"di*ous*ly, dv.

Defn: In a compendious manner.
Compendiously exressed by the word chaos. Bentley.

COMPENDIOUSNESS
Com*pen"di*ous*ness, n.

Defn: The state or quality of being compendious.

COMPENDIUM Com*pen"di*um, n.; pl. E. Compendiums, L. Compendia. Etym: [L. compendium that which is wieghed, saved, or shortened, a short way, fr. compendere to weigh; com- + pendere to weigh. See Pension, and cf. Compend.]

Defn: A brief compilation or composition, containing the principal heads, or general principles, of a larger work or system; an abridgment; an epitome; a compend; a condensed summary. A short system or compendium of a sience. I. Watts.

Syn.
— See Abridgment.

COMPENSATE Com"pen*sate ( or ; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compensated; p. pr. & vb. n. Compensating.] Etym: [L. compensatus, p. p. of compensare, prop., to weigh several things with one another, to balance with one another, verb intens. fr. compendere. See Compendum.]

1. To make equal return to; to remunerate; to recompence; to give an equivalent to; to requite suitably; as, to compensate a laborer for his work, or a merchant for his losses.

2. To be equivalent in value or effect to; to counterbalance; to make up for; to make amends for. The length of the night and the dews thereof do compensate the heat of the day. Bacon. The pleasures of life do not compensate the miseries. Prior.

Syn. — To recompense; remunerate; indemnify; reward; requite; counterbalance.

COMPENSATE
Com"pen*sate, v. i.

Defn: To make amends; to supply an equivalent; — followed by for; as, nothing can compensate for the loss of reputation.

COMPENSATION Com`pen*sa"tion, n. Etym: [L. compensatio a weighing, a balancing of accounts.]

1. The act or principle of compensating. Emerson.

2. That which constitutes, or is regarded as, an equivalent; that which makes good the lack or variation of something else; that which compensates for loss or privation; amends; remuneration; recompense. The parliament which dissolved the monastic foundations . . . vouchsafed not a word toward securing the slightest compensation to the dispossessed owners. Hallam. No pecuniary compensation can possibly reward them. Burke.

3. (Law) (a) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount; a set-off. Bouvier. Wharton. (b) A recompense or reward for some loss or service. (c) An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale of real eatate, in which it is customary to privide that errors in description, etc., shall not avoid, but shall be the subject of compensation. Compensation balance, or Compensated balance, a kind of balance wheel for a timepiece. The rim is usually made of two different expansibility under changes of temperature, so arranged as to counteract each other and preserve uniformity of movement. — Compensation pendulum. See Pendulum.

Syn. — Recompense; reward; indemnification; consideration; requital; satisfaction; set-off.

COMPENSATIVE
Com*pen"sa*tive, a. Etym: [LL. compensativus.]

Defn: Affording compensation.

COMPENSATIVE
Com*pen"sa*tive, n.

Defn: Compensation. [R.] Lamb.

COMPENSATOR
Com"pen*sa`tor, n.

1. One who, or that which, compensates; — a name applied to various mechanical devices.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An iron plate or magnet placed near the compass on iron vessels to neutralize the effect of the ship's attraction on the needle.

COMPENSATORY
Com*pen"sa*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving for compensation; making amends. Jer. Taylor.

COMPENSE
Com*pense", v. t. Etym: [F. compenser. See Compensate.]

Defn: To compensate. [Obs.] Bacon.

COMPERENDINATE Com`pe*ren"di*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. comperendinatus, p. p. of comperendinare to defer (the time of trial.)]

Defn: To delay. Bailey.

COMPESCE
Com*pesce", v. t. Etym: [L. compescere.]

Defn: To hold in check; to restrain. [R.] Carlyle.

COMPETE
Com*pete", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Competed; p. pr. & vb. n. Competing.]
Etym: [L. completere, competitum; com- + petere to seek. See
Petition.]

Defn: To contend emulously; to seek or strive for the same thing, position, or reward for which another is striving; to contend in rivalry, as for a prize or in business; as, tradesmen compete with one another. The rival statesmen, with eyes fixed on America, were all the while competing for European alliances. Bancroft.

COMPETENCE; COMPETENCY Com"pe*tence, Com"pe*ten*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. compétence, from L. competentia agreement.]

1. The state of being competent; fitness; ability; adequacy; power. The loan demonstrates, in regard to instrumental resources, the competency of this kingdom to the assertion of the common cause. Burke. To make them act zealously is not in the competence of law. Burke.

2. Property or means sufficient for the necessaries and conveniences of life; sifficiency without excess. Reason's whole pleasure, all the joys of sense, Lie in three words — health, peace, and competence. Pope. Superfluity comes sooner by white hairs, but competency lives longer. Shak.

3. (Law) (a) Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness; as, the competency of a witness or of a evidence. (b) Right or authority; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause; as, the competence of a judge or court. Kent.

COMPETENT Com"pe*tent (; 94), a. Etym: [F. compétent, p. pr. of compéter to be in the competency of, LL. competere to strive after together, to agree with; hence, to be fit. See Compete.]

1. Answering to all requirements; adeqouate; sufficient; suitable; capable; legally qualified; fit. "A competent knowledge of the world." Arrerbury. "Competent age." Grafton. "Competent statesmen." Palfrey. /"A competent witness." Bouvier.

2. Rightfully or properly belonging; incident; — followed by to. [Rare, except in legal usage.] That is the privillege of the infinite Author of things, . . . but is not competent to any finite being. Locke.

Syn.
— See Qualified.

COMPETENTLY
Com"pe*tent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a competent manner; adequately; suitably.

COMPETIBLE
Com*pet"i*ble, a.

Defn: Compatible; suitable; consistent. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

COMPETITION
Com`pe*ti"tion, n. Etym: [L. competitio. See Conpete.]

Defn: The act of seeking, or endevearing to gain, what another is endeavoring to gain at the same time; common strife for the same objects; strife for superiority; emulous contest; rivalry, as for approbation, for a prize, or as where two or more persons are engaged in the same business and each seeking patronage; — followed by for before the object sought, and with before the person or thing competed with. Competition to the crown there is none, nor can be. Bacon. A portrait, with which one of Titian's could not come in competititon. Dryden. There is no competition but for the second place. Dryden. Where competition does not act at all there is complete monopoly. A. T. Hadley.

Syn. — Emulation; rivalry; rivalship; contest; struggle; contention; opposition; jealousy. See Emulation.

COMPETITIVE
Com*pet"i*tive, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to competition; producing competition; competitory; as, a competitive examination.

COMPETITOR
Com*pet"i*tor, n. Etym: [L.: cf. F. compétiteur.]

1. One who seeks what another seeks, or claims what another claims; one who competes; a rival. And can not brook competitors in love. Shak.

2. An associate; a confederate. [Obs.] Every hour more competitors Flock to their aid, and still their power increaseth. Shak.

COMPETITORY
Com*pet"i*to*ry, a.

Defn: Acting in competition; competing; rival.

COMPETITRESS
Com*pet"i*tress, n.

Defn: A woman who competes.

COMPETITRIX
Com*pet"i*trix, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A competitress.

COMPILATION
Com"pi*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. compilatio: cf. F. compilation.]

1. The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources.

2. That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents. His [Goldsmith's] compilations are widely distinguished from the compilations of ordinary bookmakers. Macaulay.

COMPILATOR
Com"pi*la`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Compiler. [Obs.]

COMPILE
Com*pile", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Compiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Compiling.]
Etym: [F. compiler, fr.L. compilare to plunder, pillage; com- +
pilare to plunder. See Pill, v. t., Pillage.]

1. To put together; to construct; to build. [Obs.] Before that Merlin died, he did intend A brazen wall in compass to compile. Spenser.

2. To contain or comprise. [Obs.] Which these six books compile. Spenser.

3. To put together in a new form out of materials already existing; esp., to put together or compose out of materials from other books or documents. He [Goldsmith] compiled for the use of schools a History of Rome. Macaulay.

4. To write; to compose. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.

COMPILEMENT
Com*pile"ment, n.

Defn: Compilation. [R.]

COMPILER Com*pil"er, n. Etym: [OE. compiluor; cf. OF. compileor, fr. L. compilator.]

Defn: One who compiles; esp., one who makes books by compilation.

COMPINGE
Com*pinge", v. t. Etym: [L. compingere.]

Defn: To compress; to shut up. [Obs.] Burton.

COMPLACENCE; COMPLACENCY Com*pla"cence, Com*pla"cen*cy, n. Etym: [LL. complacentia: cf. F. complaisance. See Complacent, and cf. Complaisance.]

1. Calm contentment; satisfaction; gratification. The inward complacence we find in acting reasonably and virtuously. Atterbury. Others proclaim the infirmities of a great man with satisfaction and complacency, if they discover none of the like in themselves. Addison.

2. The cause of pleasure or joy. "O thou, my sole complacence." Milton.

3. The manifestation of contentment or satisfaction; good nature; kindness; civility; affability. Complacency, and truth, and manly sweetness, Dwell ever on his tongue, and smooth his thoughts. Addison. With mean complacence ne'er betray your trust. Pope.

COMPLACENT Com*pla"cent, a. Etym: [L. complacens very pleasing, p. pr. of complacere; com- + placere to please: cf. F. complaisant. See Please and cf. Complaisant.]

Defn: Self-satisfied; contented; kindly; as, a complacent temper; a
complacent smile.
They look up with a sort of complacent awe . . . to kings. Burke.

COMPLACENTIAL
Com`pla*cen"tial, a.

Defn: Marked by, or causing, complacence. [Obs.] "Complacential love." Baxter.

COMPLACENTLY
Com*pla"cent*ly, adv.

Defn: In a complacent manner.

COMPLAIN Com*plain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Complained; p. pr. & vb. n. Complaining.] Etym: [F. complaindre, LL. complangere; com- + L. plangere to strike, beat, to beat the breast or head as a sign of grief, to lament. See Plaint.]

1. To give utterance to expression of grief, pain, censure, regret. etc.; to lament; to murmur; to find fault; — commonly used with of. Also, to creak or squeak, as a timber or wheel. O lose of sight, of three I most complain! Milton.

2. To make a formal accusation; to make a charge. Now, Master Shallow, you'll complain of me to the king Shak.

Syn. — To repine; grumble; deplore; bewail; grieve; mourn; regret; murmur.

COMPLAIN
Com*plain", v. t.

Defn: To lament; to bewail. [Obs.]
They might the grievance inwardly complain. Daniel.
By chaste Lucrece's soul that late complain'd Her wrongs to us. Shak.

COMPLAINABLE
Com*plain"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be complained of. [R.] Feltham.

COMPLAINANT
Com*plain"ant, n. Etym: [F. complaignant, p. pr. of complaindre.]

1. One who makes complaint. Eager complainants of the dispute. Collier.

2. (Law) (a) One who commences a legal process by a complaint. (b) The party suing in equity, answering to the plaintiff at common law. He shall forfeit one moiety to the use of the town, and the other moiety to the use of the complainant. Statutes of Mass.

COMPLAINER
Com*plain"er, n.

Defn: One who complains or laments; one who finds fault; a murmurer.
Beattie.
Speechless complainer, I will learn thy thought. Shak.

COMPLAINT
Com*plaint", n. Etym: [F. complainte. See Complain.]

1. Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment; lamentation; murmuring; accusation; fault-finding. I poured out my complaint before him. Ps. cxlii. 2. Grievous complaints of you. Shak.

2. Cause or subject of complaint or murmuring. The poverty of the clergy in England hath been the complaint of all who wish well to the church. Swift.

3. An ailment or disease of the body. One in a complaint of his bowels. Arbuthnot.

4. (Law)

Defn: A formal allegation or charge against a party made or presented to the appropriate court or officer, as for a wrong done or a crime committed (in the latter case, generally under oath); an information; accusation; the initial bill in proceedings in equity.

Syn. — Lamentation; murmuring; sorrow; grief; disease; illness; disorder; malady; ailment.

COMPLAINTFUL
Com*plaint"ful, a.

Defn: Full of complaint. [Obs.]

COMPLAISANCE
Com"plai*sance`, n. Etym: [F. complaisance. See Complaisant, and cf.
Complacence.]

Defn: Disposition to please or oblige; obliging compliance with the wishes of others; a deportment indicative of a desire to please; courtesy; civility. These [ladies] . . . are by the just complaisance and gallantry of our nation the most powerful part of our people. Addison. They strive with their own hearts and keep them down, In complaisance to all the fools in town. Young.

Syn.
— Civility; courtesy; urbanity; suavity; affability; good breeding.

COMPLAISANT Com"plai*sant, a. Etym: [F. complaisant, p. pr. of complaire to acquiesce as a favor, fr. L. complacere. See Complacent.]

Defn: Desirous to please; courteous; obliging; compliant; as, a
complaisant gentleman.
There are to whom my satire seems too bold: Scarce to wise Peter
complaisant enough. Pope.

Syn.
— Obliging; courteous; affable; gracious; civil; polite; well-bred.
See Obliging.
— Com"plai*sant`ly, adv.
— Com"plai*sant`ness, n.

COMPLANAR
Com*pla"nar, a.

Defn: See Coplanar.

COMPLANATE Com"pla*nate ( or , a. Etym: [L. complanatus, p. p. of complanare to make plane. See Plane, v. t.]

Defn: Flattened to a level surface. [R.]

COMPLANATE
Com"pla*nate, v. t.

Defn: To make level. [R.]

COMPLECTED
Com*plect"ed, a.

Defn: Complexioned. [Low, New Eng.]

COMPLEMENT
Com"ple*ment, n. Etym: [L. complementun: cf. F. complément. See
Complete, v. t., and cf. Compliment.]

1. That which fills up or completes; the quantity or number required to fill a thing or make it complete.

2. That which is required to supply a deficiency, or to complete a symmetrical whole. History is the complement of poetry. Sir J. Stephen.

3. Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete set; completeness. To exceed his complement and number appointed him which was one hundred and twenty persons. Hakluyt.

4. (Math.)

Defn: A second quantity added to a given quantity to make equal to a third given quantity.

5. Something added for ornamentation; an accessory. [Obs.] Without vain art or curious complements. Spenser.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: The whole working force of a vessel.

7. (Mus.)

Defn: The interval wanting to complete the octave; — the fourth is the complement of the fifth, the sixth of the third.

8. A compliment. [Obs.] Shak. Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm. See under Logarithm. — Arithmetical complement of a number (Math.), the difference between that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4 is the complement of 6, and 16 of 84. — Complement of an arc or angle (Geom.), the difference between that arc or angle and 90º. — Complement of a parallelogram. (Math.) See Gnomon. — In her complement (Her.), said of the moon when represented as full.

COMPLEMENT
Com"ple*ment, v. t.

1. To supply a lack; to supplement. [R.]

2. To compliment. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

COMPLEMENTAL
Com`ple*men"tal, a.

1. Supplying, or tending to supply, a deficiency; fully completing. "Complemental ceremony." Prynne.

2. Complimentary; courteous. [Obs.] Shak. Complemental air (Physiol.), the air (averaging 100 cubic inches) which can be drawn into the lungs in addition to the tidal air, by the deepest possible inspiration. — Complemental males (Zoöl.), peculiar small males living parasitically on the ordinary hermaphrodite individuals of certain barnacles.

COMPLEMENTARY
Com`ple*men"ta"ry, a.

Defn: Serving to fill out or to complete; as, complementary numbers.
Complementary colors. See under Color.
— Complementary angles (Math.), two angles whose sum is 90°.

COMPLEMENTARY
Com`ple*men"ta*ry, n. Etym: [See Complimentary.]

Defn: One skilled in compliments. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COMPLETE
Com"plete", a. Etym: [L. completus, p. p. of complere to fill. See
Full, a., and cf. Comply, Compline.]

1. Filled up; with no part or element lacking; free from deficienty; entire; perfect; consummate. "Complete perfections." Milton. Ye are complete in him. Col. ii. 10. That thou, dead corse, again in complete steel Revesit'st thus the glimpses of the moon. Shak.

2. Finished; ended; concluded; completed; as, the edifice is complete. This course of vanity almost complete. Prior.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Having all the parts or organs which belong to it or to the typical form; having calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil.

Syn.
— See Whole.

COMPLETE
Com*plete", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Completed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Completing.]

Defn: To bring to a state in which there is no deficiency; to perfect; to consummate; to accomplish; to fulfill; to finish; as, to complete a task, or a poem; to complete a course of education. Bred only and completed to the taste Of lustful appetence. Milton. And, to complete her bliss, a fool for mate. Pope.

Syn. — To perform; execute; terminate; conclude; finish; end; fill up; achieve; realize; effect; consummate; accomplish; effectuate; fulfill; bring to pass.

COMPLETELY
Com*plete"ly, adv.

Defn: In a complete manner; fully.

COMPLETEMENT
Com*plete"ment, n.

Defn: Act of completing or perfecting; completion. [Obs.] Dryden.

COMPLETENESS
Com*plete"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being complete.

COMPLETION
Com*ple"tion, n. Etym: [L. completio a filling, a fulfillment.]

1. The act or process of making complete; the getting through to the end; as, the completion of an undertaking, an education, a service. The completion of some repairs. Prescott.

2. State of being complete; fulfillment; accomplishment; realization. Predictions receiving their completion in Christ. South.

COMPLETIVE
Com*ple"tive, a. Etym: [L. completivus: cf. F. compl.]

Defn: Making complete. [R.] J. Harris.

COMPLETORY
Com*ple"to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to fulfill.
Completory of ancient presignifications. Barrow.

COMPLETORY
Com"ple*to"ry ( or ), n. Etym: [L. completorium.] (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Compline.

COMPLEX
Com"plex, a. Etym: [L. complexus, p. p. of complecti to entwine
around, comprise; com- + plectere to twist, akin to plicare to fold.
See Plait, n.]

1. Composed of two or more parts; composite; not simple; as, a complex being; a complex idea. Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put together, I call complex; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army, the universe. Locke.

2. Involving many parts; complicated; intricate. When the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the best possible way, the process is difficult and complex. Whewell. Complex fraction. See Fraction. — Complex number (Math.), in the theory of numbers, an expression of the form a + bsq. root-1, when a and b are ordinary integers.

Syn.
— See Intricate.

COMPLEX
Com"plex, n. Etym: [L. complexus]

Defn: Assemblage of related things; colletion; complication. This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole complex of all the blessings and privileges exhibited by the gospel. South. Complex of lines (Geom.), all the possible straight lines in space being considered, the entire system of lines which satisfy a single relation constitute a complex; as, all the lines which meet a given curve make up a complex. The lines which satisfy two relations constitute a congruency of lines; as, the entire system of lines, each one of which meets two given surfaces, is a congruency.

COMPLEXED
Com*plexed", a.