← The origin and development of the moral ideas
Subject Index
ABLUTIONS, i. –56, ii. , , –354, –359, , ,
Abortion, i. , , , –417, ii.
Accessio, ii.
Accident, injuries due to, i. –240, , , , ii. ;
benefits due to, i. sq.;
the future state of persons who have died by, ii. , ,
Acts, i. –206
Adopted children, rules of inheritance relating to, ii. ;
maternal affection for, ii. –189
Adoption, of prisoners of war, i. ;
of unintentional manslayers, i. ;
the blood-covenant represented as a rite of, ii. sq.;
marriage between relations by, ii. , , , –750,
Adultery, ii. –455;
punishment of, i. , , , , , ii. –45. , , ;
self-redress in case of, i. –293, sq., ii. ;
as a ground for divorce or judicial separation, ii. , ;
supposed to injure the harvest, ii. , ;
stigmatised by religion, ii. , , , –455, , , , , , ;
refuge denied to persons guilty of, ii. sq.
Aesthetic emotions, i.
—— judgments, i.
Affection. See Altruistic sentiment; Conjugal, Filial, Fraternal, Marital, Maternal, Paternal, Social affection
Age, restrictions in diet depending on, ii. sq.
See Children, Old age, Old persons, Seniority
Agricultural tribes, the position of women among, i. sq.;
slavery among, i. , , ;
social aggregates of, ii. ;
sympathy for domestic animals among, ii. , see Oxen
Agriculture, originally a feminine pursuit, i. , 635 n. 4, ;
moral valuation of, ii. –277, ,
Albinos, religious veneration of, ii.
All Souls, ii.
All-father. See Supreme beings
Alliance, prohibition of marriage between relations by, ii. ,
Alms, connection between sacrifices offered to gods and, i. –569;
between fasting and the giving of, ii. –318;
between offerings to the dead and, ii. –552;
to be given with an ungrudging eye, and not before witnesses, i. .
See Charity
Altruistic sentiment, the, its origin and development, ch. xxxiv. (ii. –228); i. , , –114, , , , , ii. –506, –514.
See Conjugal, Filial, Fraternal, Marital, Maternal, Paternal, Social affection
Ancestors. See Dead
Anger, the nature and origin of, i. –23, , –42;
in animals, i. , ii. ;
in children, i. sq.;
towards inanimate things, i. , , –263, ;
appeased by repentance, i. ;
sympathetic resentment produced by the cognition of the signs of, i. sq.;
injuries inflicted in, i. –298, , sq.;
a cause of suicide, ii.
Animals, regard for the lower, ch. xliv. (ii. –514), i. sq.;
anger in, i. , ii. ;
revenge taken upon, i. , , –253, , , ;
revenge taken by, i. sq.;
self-regarding pride in, i. , ii. sq.;
retributive kindly emotion in, i. ;
sympathetic resentment in, i. , ii. ;
killing of sacred, i. , ii. –606, ;
of totemic, ii. , , , ;
of various kinds of, see Killing;
eating of totemic, i. , ii. , , , , ;
credited with a conscience, i. –251;
not responsible for their acts, i. –251;
treated as responsible agents, i. – 260, , ;
believed to take vengeance upon men, i. , , ii. , , , , , ;
subject to regular punishment, ii. –260, , ;
sexual intercourse between men and, i. sq., ii. , ;
believed to be rewarded or punished after death, i. sq.;
regarded as on a footing of equality with man, i. –260, ii. , ;
non–moral resentment in the case of injuries inflicted by, i. ;
sacrificed instead of human victims, i. sq.;
sacrificed for the purpose of saving the lives of men or of other animals, i. sq., ii. sq.;
their desire to appropriate and to keep that which has been appropriated, ii. ;
maternal affection among, ii. –190, ;
paternal affection among, ii. , , ;
conjugal attachment among, ii. sq.;
abstinence from eating various kinds of, ii. –335;
from eating any kind of, ii. –338, ;
belief in the transmigration of human souls into, ii. , , , , , , , , , , sq.;
homosexual intercourse among, ii. , , 475 n. 2;
their fear of strange phenomena, ii. sq.;
worship of, ii. , ;
sheltered by sacred places, ii. –629, ,
Animism, ii. –597
Annihilation of the soul, belief in the, ii. , , , , , ,
Anthropomorphism, ii. , –600
Antipathies, disinterested, i. , , , sq., ii. , , , , , –268, , , , , , –375, , , , , , , , , , –746
Antivivisectionists, ii. ,
Apes, the man-like, paternal care among, ii. sq.;
the duration of their conjugal unions, ii. ;
not gregarious, ii. ;
chiefly monogamous, ii. .
See Monkeys
Arbitration, i. sq.
Arms, stealing of, i. , ii. ;
regarded with superstitious veneration, i. ;
oaths taken upon, i. , ii. –121
Arson, i. , , , , ii.
Asceticism, ii. , –318, –363,
Astronomical changes, abstinence from work connected with, ii. –288, ;
fasting connected with, ii. –315
Asylums, ii. –638; i. , , –297, , , , , , , , , , , ,
Atheism, ii. sq.
Atonement. Expiation, Expiatory sacrifice
—— the day (fast) of, i. , ii. , , , –359.
Attempts to commit crimes, i. , – 247,
”BAD,” analysis of the concept, i.
Badger-baiting, ii.
Bananas, abstinence from, ii.
Banishment, as a punishment, i. , , , , , , , , , , , , , ii. , , , , , , 123 n. 1, , , , , 475 n. 10, ,
Baptism, i. , , , , , ii. , , –723
Barrenness of a wife, human sacrifices offered in cases of, i. sq.;
a cause of polygyny, ii.
Bear-baiting, ii. –510
Beating, as a religious rite, ii. , – 359
Beef, abstinence from, ii. ,
Bees, prohibition of killing, ii.
Beliefs, as subjects of moral judgments, i. sq.
Benefit of Clergy, i.
Benevolence, ch. xxxiii. (ii. –185). See Charity, Hospitality
Bestiality, i. sq., ii. ,
Birds, defending their nests, ii. ;
paternal care among, ii. sq.;
the duration of conjugal unions among, ii.
—— of night, abstinence from eating, ii.
—— of prey, prohibition of eating, ii.
Blasphemy, ii. , ,
Blessings, materialistic conception of, i. , ;
pronounced by recipients of gifts, i. –565;
gods appealed to in, i. , sq., ii. , ;
of strangers, i. –584, ii. ;
of parents, i. –627;
of old persons, i. ;
in salutations, ii.
Blood, effusion of, at funerals, i. , , , ii. , , ;
abstinence from, i. , ii. sq.;
as a religious rite, i. sq., ii. , ;
pollution of, i. , , , –382, ii. 256 sq. n. 2, , ;
shedding of, prohibited in sacred places, i. , ii. ;
offered to the dead, i. sq.;
drunk or licked in blood-revenge, i. sq.;
as a conductor of curses, i. , , , ii. , –121, , , , , –622, –689;
primitive ideas concerning, i. 664 n. 1;
oaths taken upon, ii. –121, , , –689;
supernatural or medicinal effect ascribed to the partaking of human, ii. sq.
See Cannibalism
—— -covenant, the, ii. –209, sq.
—— -money. See Compensation for homicide
—— -revenge, i. –492, ii. ;
collective responsibility in, i. , , –36, ;
vow of, i. ;
restricted to the actual culprit, i. ;
a cause of social disturbance, i. sq.;
in cases of accidental injury, i. , , sq.;
taken upon animals, i. –253, , ;
upon lunatics, i. ;
connection between inheritance and, ii. sq.;
between the system of tracing descent and, ii.
Bodily integrity, the right to, ch. xxii. (i. –525);
of the dead, ii. sq.;
of gods, ii. ,
Boundaries. See Landmarks
Brother, killing of a, ii. 256 sq. n. 2.
See Fraternal affection, duties
—— the elder, allowed to inflict corporal punishment upon the younger one, i. ;
respect for, i. , , ;
curses of, i. , ii.
Buffaloes, abstinence from the flesh of, ii. , ;
prohibition of killing, for food, ii.
Buildings, human sacrifices offered at the foundation of, i. 447 n. 5, –465;
animals sacrificed at the foundation of, ii.
Bull-baiting, ii. sq.
Burglary, i. , , ii. ,
Burial, ii. –523, –527. , , –548, ;
depending on the mode of death, i. , ii. –240, , , , sq.;
denied to suicides, ii. , , ;
to murdered persons, ii. , ;
to persons struck by lightning, ii. , ;
to persons who have killed a parent, brother, or child, ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
of criminals, ii.
Butchers, regarded as unclean, ii. ;
despised, ii.
Butter, abstinence from, ii.
CALUMNY, ii. –142;
against dead persons, ii. ,
Calves, abstinence from slaughtering, ii.
Camels, revenge in, i. sq.;
abstinence from the flesh of, ii. , 334 n. 2
Cannibalism, ch. xlvi. (ii. –581);
old persons victims of, i. , ii. , sq.;
practised for medicinal purposes, i. , ii. , sq.;
the firstborn a victim of, i. sq., ii. ;
as a punishment, ii. , , , sq.;
considered polluting, ii. , sq.
Carelessness, i. –212, –310, sq.
Castes, intermarriage between different, ii. .
See Rank
Casuistry, ii. , ,
Cats, sympathetic resentment in, ii. ;
abstinence from eating, ii. , , ;
taken for spirits in disguise, ii. ;
their fear of strange phenomena, ii.
Cattle, stealing of, i. sq., ii. ;
abstinence from killing, ii. , sq.;
reverence for, ii. sq.;
affection for, ii. , .
See Beef, Calves, Cows, Oxen
—— -rearing, largely a masculine pursuit, i. , .
See Pastoral peoples
Celibacy, ch. xli. (ii. –421);
a cause of unchastity, ii. ;
of homosexual practices, ii.
Character, i. , , –314, sq.;
the innate, i. sq.
Charity, ch. xxiii. (i. –569);
as a duty emphasised by religion, i. –558, –569, ii. , , , , , , , , , .
See Alms
Charms, made from dead bodies, ii. , ;
against the evil eye, ii. 256 n. 2;
put in tombs, ii.
Chastity, ch. xlii. (ii. –455);
suicide as a means of preserving, ii. , sq.;
fasting the beginning of, ii. ;
required in connection with the religious cult, ii. –421,
Chiefs, tied by custom, i. sq.;
justice administered by, i. –176, –184, sq.;
protecting foreigners and persons who have no relations, i. ;
killing of, i. ;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of saving the lives of, i. –456, ;
sacrificed, i. ;
the practice of compensation encouraged by, i. sq.;
disrespect for, punished by gods, i. ;
proprietary rights of, ii. ;
suicide committed on the graves of, ii. ;
labour suspended on the death of, ii. ;
abstinence from fish after the death of, ii. ;
treatment of the dead bodies of, ii. ;
cannibalism practised by, ii. , ;
their tombs asylums, ii. ;
their houses asylums, ii. ;
their persons asylums, ii. sq.
See King.
Children, the subjection of, ch. xxv. (i. –628);
cursed or blessed by their parents, i. , , –627, ii. , . 716 n. 2, ;
punished if convicted of a design to kill their father or mother, i. ;
parents killing their infant, i. –413, , ii. , sq.;
killing their parents, i. –386, , ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
killing or abandoning their aged parents, i. –390, , , , ;
eating their parents, i. , ii. , sq.;
parents killing their grown-up, i. sq., ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
a father’s affection for his, i. , , , –533, ii. –190, , , ;
a mother’s affection for her, i. , –531, ii. –190, , ;
eaten by their parents or others, i. , sq., ii. , , , sq.;
parents exposing their new-born, i. –412, ;
sacrificed to save the lives of their parents, i. , , –461;
sacrificed by their parents, i. –461;
committing suicide on the death of their parents, i. ;
parents inflicting corporal punishment upon their, i. –515, , ;
using violence against their parents, i. sq., ii. ;
parents’ duty of taking care of their, i. –533;
their duty of taking care of their parents, i. –538;
their respect for their parents, i. –538, , , –613, –628, ii. ;
their affection for their parents i. –538, , ii. , ;
for their mothers, i. , ;
their duties to their parents emphasised by religion, i. , , , , , , , , –627, ii. , , , 716 n. 2, ;
cursing their parents, i. ;
sold as slaves by their parents, i. , , , , , , , , , , , , sq.;
proprietary incapacities of, ii. , , ;
rules of inheritance relating to, ii. –49, –57;
telling a falsehood in the presence of their parents, ii. ;
addressing abusive language to their parents, ii. ;
their duties to their parents, ii. , ;
parents’ duties to their, ii. , ;
parents committing suicide on the death of their, ii. , 244 n. 3;
parents fasting after the death of their, ii. –300;
fasting after the death of their parents, ii. –301;
punished after death for inflicting injuries upon their parents, ii. ;
adopted, see Adopted children;
illegitimate, see Illegitimate children
Children, young, the anger of, i. sq.;
sympathetic resentment in, i. ;
their ideas of right and wrong, i. ;
their respect for the customary, i. ;
injuries committed by, i. , , –269, ;
treatment of, in war i. , , , , sq.;
sacrificed, i. –461;
their desire to appropriate and to keep that which has been appropriated, ii. ;
truthfulness and mendacity of, ii. 88 n. 5, 111 n. 3, , , –126, ;
disposed to believe what they are told, ii. ;
their dislike of that which is strange or unfamiliar, ii. ;
the altruistic sentiment in, i. ;
treatment of the dead bodies of, ii. , , ;
their fear of strange phenomena, ii. ;
the future state of, ii. , ;
the future state of unbaptised, ii. – 723
Chivalry, i. –355
Clan, the, i. sq., ii. , , , –220, sq.
Class distinction, cleanliness a, ii.
Classes, intermarriage between different, ii. –382.
See Rank
“Classificatory system,” the, ii.
Cleanliness, ii. –356;
ceremonial, ii. , , –354, , , –420, 700 n. 5, , , ,
Climate, connection between industry and, ii. –271;
between cleanliness and, ii. sq.
Cock-fighting, ii. sq.
Cocks, prohibition of eating tame, ii.
Cocoa, abstinence from, ii. ;
religious veneration of, ii.
Common enjoyment of merits, i. –99
—— responsibility, in blood-revenge, i. , , –36, , ;
in the case of punishment, i. –48, –72;
in the case of sin, i. –57, –72
“Communal marriage,” ii.
Community of goods, ii. sq.
Compacts, sealing of, i. , ii. – 624
Compensation, the relation between punishment and, i. sq.;
for involuntary destruction of property, i. –225, sq.;
for bodily injuries, i. –513, –520, 524 n. 3, ii. ;
for the seduction of an unmarried woman, ii. , , sq.;
for rape, ii. ;
for adultery, ii. sq.
—— for homicide, i. , –491;
if committed accidentally, i. , –221, , ;
if committed by a child, i. ;
by an idiot, i. ;
if the victim is a woman, i. sq.;
if the victim is a slave, i. ;
influenced by the rank of the victim, i. sq.
—— for sin, i. sq.
Compulsion, injuries committed under, i. , , , ;
confounded with causation, i. –326
“Compulsion by necessity,” i. –287, ii.
Conduct, i. , , , ,
Confession, i. sq., ii.
Conjugal affection, i. , sq., ii. –193;
its influence on the form of marriage, ii. , , ;
on the duration of marriage, ii. ;
on moral ideas concerning unchastity, ii. sq.
Conscience, i. –107, –125;
an unjust retributer, i. sq.;
animals credited with a, i. –251
Contributions, military, ii.
Contubernium, of slaves, i. , , sq.;
between freemen and slaves, ii.
Cooking, abstained from after a death, ii. –306
Corporal punishment, ii. –525
Cosmopolitanism, ii. –179, – 185
Courage, admiration of, i. , , ii. , , , ;
the duel regarded as a test of, i. ;
suicide regarded as a test of, ii. , sq.;
approved of by the supreme being, ii. ;
the future state of a warrior supposed to be determined by his, ii.
Couvade, the, ii.
Covenanting rites, i. sq., ii. –624, .
See Blood-covenant
Cowardice, forgiveness of enemies regarded as a sign of, i. , , , ii. ;
the secret commission of offences despised as, ii. , sq.;
lying a sign of, ii. ;
suicide regarded as an act of, ii. ,
Cow-dung, a means of purification, i. , ii. , ;
suicide committed in, ii.
Cows, contact with, regarded as purifying, i. ;
prohibition of eating the flesh of, ii. , ;
the killing of, abstained from or prohibited, ii. , , ;
reverence for, ii. .
See Cattle
Coyness, female, ii.
Cremation, i. , ii. , , , , , , –548;
of suicides, ii. sq.
Criminals, absence of remorse in, i. 90 n. 1;
punished in public, i. sq.;
detection of, i. ;
sacrificed, i. , , , sq., ii. ;
enslaved, i. , , , , , , –691, ii. , , , , ;
eaten, ii. , , , sq.;
their blood partaken of, ii. sq.;
treatment of the bodies of, ii. , , .
See Asylums, Punishment
Crops, robbery of, i. , ii. sq.;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of securing good, i. –451;
unchastity supposed to injure the, ii. ,
Cross, the, ii. 256 n. 2
Cross-roads, i. , ii. , 256 sq. n. 2
Crown, miraculous virtue attributed to the royal, ii. 608 n. 4,
Crucifixion, ii. 256 n. 2
Cruelty to animals, ii. , –510
Curiosity, ii. , , , , ,
Curses, materialistic conception of, i. –61, , sq., ii. . , ;
holiness not allowed to be defiled by, i. , , ii. ;
of parents, i. , , –627, ii. , , 716 n. 2, ;
of the poor, i. –565;
of magicians and priests, i. ;
of saints, i. , ;
of dying persons, i. , , ii. ;
of dissatisfied guests, i. –594, ii. , ;
of dissatisfied refugees, i. , sq., ii. –638;
of old persons, i. , ;
of husbands, i. ;
of elder brothers and sisters, i. , ii. ;
of superiors, i. sq., ii. ;
of women, i. ;
of slaves, i. ;
of their masters, ii. ;
of kings, ii. ;
personified and elevated to the rank of supernatural beings, i. , , , , , , , , ii. , , , ;
transformed into attributes of gods, i. , , , , , ii. , , ;
supernatural beings appealed to in, i. , sq., ii. –68, –123, , –690, , ;
supernatural beings exposed to men’s, i. , , , ii. , , –624, , , –659, ;
conducted by various vehicles, i. –594, ii. , , , , , –624, –690;
by blood, i. , , , ii. , –121, , , –622, –689;
by human blood or flesh, ii. sq.;
in reception ceremonies and salutations, i. sq., ii. ;
pronounced on thieves or as a means of protecting property, ii. –69, ;
sacrifices to gods as a means of transferring, ii. –624, ;
method of protecting the king against criminals, ii. ;
prayers assuming the character of, ii. – 659;
contained in ordeals, ii. –690;
influencing men’s state in the future life, ii. , , , , sq.
See L-ʿâr
Customs, and laws as expressions of moral ideas, ch. vii. (i. – 201);
rules of duty, i. –122, –162;
their relations to laws, i. –166;
stronger than law and religion combined, i. ;
the variety of, i. sq.;
the rigidity of ancestral, ii. , , ;
transgressions of, punished by gods, ii. , ;
instituted by the supreme being, ii.
DARK, prohibition of eating in the, ii.
Daughters, committing suicide on the death of their parents, i. .
See Children
Days, tabooed, ii. –289,
Dead, regard for the, ch. xlv. (ii. –552);
human sacrifices to the, i. –28, –476, , ii. , , , ;
vindictiveness of murdered, i. , , , , , , , , sq., ii. sq.;
the property of the, i. , ii. , , sq., see Inheritance, Wills;
the treatment of old persons influenced by beliefs regarding the, i. sq.;
interred in the field belonging to the family, ii. 66 n. 1;
charms made from the bodies of the, ii. , ;
offerings to the, ii. , , –404, , , , , , , , , , , cf. Alms;
polluting influence attributed to the, ii. , sq.;
marriages of the, ii. ;
self-regarding pride attributed to the, ii. ;
beliefs as regards the character and activity of the, ii. –535, ;
fear of the, ii. –546, –550, ;
believed to be easily duped, ii. ;
worship of the, ii. , ;
revenge taken by the living upon the, ii. sq.;
supposed to be taken by the dead upon other, ii. sq.
See Annihilation, Burial, Cannibalism, Cremation, Funeral rites, Future life, Future state, Mourning, Scalping, Suicide, Transmigration, Vampires
Death, attributed to the influence of magic, i. , , ii. , ;
self-mutilation after a, i. , , , ii. , , , , ;
work suspended after a, ii. , , ;
polluting influence ascribed to, ii. , –307, , –539, sq.;
to self-inflicted, ii. 257 n. 5, ;
to natural, ii. , ;
fasting after a, ii. –308, , ;
abstinence from cooking after a, ii. –306;
abstinence from sexual intercourse after a, ii. ;
fear of, ii. sq.
Debtors, enslaved, i. , , , , , , , ;
creditors starving themselves to death before the doors of their, ii.
Debts, the owing of, ii. ,
Deceit. See Truth, regard for
Deformed persons, religious veneration of, ii.
Deodand, i. –264,
Descent, the social influence of a common, ii. , –206, , , , ;
congruity or discrepancy between the principle of local proximity and the principle of, ii. , sq.
See Kinship
——, the system of tracing, connection between the authority over children and, i. sq.;
supposed connection between the position of women and, i. sq.;
the rules of inheritance influenced by, ii. –47, ;
the influence of local connections on, ii. , sq.;
difference between the notion of actual blood-relationship and, ii. sq.;
connection between the blood-feud and, ii. ,
Despotism, a cause of the severity of criminal codes, i. –196, ;
a cause of deceitful habits, ii. , sq.;
politeness engendered by, ii. ;
love of youths considered inimical to, ii. sq.
Determinism, i. –322, sq.
Dharna, the custom of sitting, ii.
Diet, restrictions in, ch. xxxvii, sq. (ii. –345).
See Food
Disease, cured by contact with a saint, i. ;
transference of, i. sq.;
supposed to be caused by supernatural beings, i. sq., ii. –594;
by the dead, ii. ;
the future state of persons who have died of, i. , ii. 238 n. 3, ;
human flesh or blood partaken of as a remedy against, i. , ii. , sq.;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of curing, i. , , –457;
cured at cross-roads, ii. 256 n. 2.
See Epidemics, Sick persons
Disinterested antipathies. See Antipathies
—— likings. See Likings
Disinterestedness, a characteristic of moral concepts, i. ;
of the moral emotions, i. , , –122
Divorce, i. , , , , , , –654, ii. , –398,
Dog-fighting, ii.
Dogs, self-regarding pride in, i. , ii. sq.;
sympathetic resentment in, i. , ii. ;
credited with a conscience, i. –251;
the killing of, considered polluting, i. 381 n. 6;
fighting for their kennels or their prey, ii. ;
supposed deceitfulness of, ii. ;
abstinence from eating, ii. , ;
taken for spirits in disguise, ii. ;
regard for, ii. , , ;
affection for, ii. sq.;
Erinyes of, ii. ;
their fear of strange phenomena, ii.
Drink, as a conductor of curses, i. , – 591, ii. , , , , –689
——, intoxicating, prohibition of, i. , ii. –345;
abstained from after a death, ii. .
See Drunkenness, Intoxicants, Wine
Droit d’aubaine, ii.
Drowned persons, the future state of, ii. , , , sq.
Drunkenness, i. , ii. –344;
injuries committed in, i. –282, ;
attributed to possession by a god or spirit, i. , , ii.
Duel, the, ch. xxi. (i. –510); i. , , ii. , ,
“Duty,” analysis of the concept, i. –137;
corresponding to a “right,” i. sq.;
the relation between “virtue” and, i. sq.;
between “merit” and, i.
Duty, the feeling of, as a motive, i. sq.
EAGLEHAWKS, abstinence from eating, ii. ,
Earthly desires, sinfulness of, ii. –363
Eclipses, supposed connection between human activity and, ii. sq.;
fasting in connection with, ii. sq.;
of the moon, attributed to the influence of evil spirits, ii.
Education, a means of communicating resentment, i. sq.;
its influence on the regard for truth, ii. ;
on moral ideas relating to self-regarding conduct, ii. –268;
leading to homosexual practices, ii. –470
Eggs, abstinence from, ii. , , ,
Election, divine, the future state of men determined by, ii. sq.
Elephants, the feeling of revenge in, i. sq.;
abstinence from eating, ii.
Emasculation, as a punishment, i. , .
See Eunuch priests
Emigration, punished by law, ii. ;
more injurious to the State than suicide, ii.
Emotions, moral judgments referring to, i.
Endogamy, ii. –382
Enemies, killing of, regarded as praiseworthy, i. –333;
the future state influence by the killing of, i. , , ii. ;
hospitality towards, i. , , sq.
See Blood-revenge, Forgiveness, Revenge, War
Envy, a hindrance to sympathetic retributive kindliness, i. ;
of gods, ii. , ,
Epidemics, supposed to be caused by supernatural beings, i. , ii. –594;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of stopping or preventing, i. , , , ;
fasting during, ii.
Equinoxes, fasting at, ii. , , sq.
Equivalence, the rule of, i. –180;
i. , , , –219, , , , , sq., ii.
Equivocation, ii. , ,
Erinyes, i. , , , , , , , ii. , , , ,
Ethics, the object of scientific, i.
Eucharist, the, i. , ii. , 415 n. 8, , , ;
the ordeal of, ii.
Eunuch priests, ii. , , 488 n. 6
Evil, materialistic conception of, i. , , ;
transference of, combined with a sacrifice, i. –65
—— eye, the, i. , , , –594, ii. 256 n. 2,
—— spirits, lunatics supposed to be possessed with, i. , , , ii. ;
intoxicated persons supposed to be possessed with, i. , ii. ;
persecuting ghosts replaced by, i. sq., ii. ;
disease supposed to be caused by, i. sq., ii. –594;
old women regarded as, i. ;
burying apart of persons supposed to have been killed by, ii. ;
eclipses of the moon attributed to the influence of, ii. ;
water regarded as haunted by, ii. ;
scourging as a means of driving away, ii. ;
sacred words as a weapon against, ii. ;
certain animals taken for, ii. ;
butchers regarded as haunted by, ii. ;
prevented from doing harm to the dead, ii. , , ;
the ghosts of dead persons regarded as, ii. –534, ;
places of striking appearance supposed to be haunted by, ii. ;
unexpected events ascribed to the influence of, ii. ;
taboos imposed upon the names of, ii. , ;
magic practised with the assistance of, ii. sq.;
struggle of men and gods against, ii. , , –706,
Executioner, tribal, i. sq.;
the injured party acting as, i. sq.
Exogamy. See Incest
Expiation, ii. –361;
fasting as a means of, ii. –318;
vicarious, ii. sq.
Expiatory sacrifice, vicarious, i. –70, –440
Exposure of infants, i. –412;
a source of slavery, i.
FAITH, considered necessary for salvation, ii. – 721, –727.
See Unbelief
Faithfulness. See Good faith
False accusation, i. , ii. , , –142
False testimony, ii. 86 n. 4, , , –98, 123 n. 1,
Falsehood. See Truth, regard for
Family, the, i. , , sq., ii. , , , , , ;
the joint, i. sq., ii. –216
Famines, human sacrifices offered in connection with, i. sq.;
cannibalism caused by, ii. , sq.
See Crops
Fas, i. sq., ii.
Fasting, ii. –318;
enjoined by religion, i. , ii. , –298, –318, , , ;
as a means of purification, i. , ii. –296, ;
as a penance, ii. , –318, ;
after a death, ii. –308, ,
Fat, abstinence from, i. , , ii.
Fatalism, i. –326
Father, the, his authority over his children, ch. xxv. (i. –628);
permitted to punish his children with death, i. sq.;
to kill or expose his new-born children, i. –411;
to inflict corporal punishment upon his children, i. –515, , ;
to sell his children, i. , , , , , , , , , , , , ;
his affection for his children, i. , , , –533. ii. –190, , , ;
obliged to protect and support his family, i. –533;
descent traced through, i. sq., ii. –47, , , , , , , ;
the son allowed to eat only certain foods after the death of, ii. sq.
See Parents
Fear, i. sq.;
of death, ii. sq.;
as an element in the religious sentiment, ii. –614, ;
of punishment in the future life, ii.
Females, the sexual impulse of, i. sq., ii.
Feticide, i. , , , –417, ii.
Filial affection, i. –538, , , ii. ,
—— reverence, i. –538, , , –613, –628, ii.
Firstborn child, the, all children killed except, i. ;
killed, i. –460, ii. ;
eaten, i. , ii. ;
regarded as sacred, ii. 538 n. 2
Firstborn son, the, sacrifice of, i. –461;
eaten, i. sq.;
considered identical with his father, i. ;
fasting on the eve of Passover, ii. .
See Primogeniture
Fish, anger shown by, i. , ii. ;
abstinence from eating, ii. , , sq.;
after a death, ii. ;
deference shown for, ii. ;
killing of, ii. sq.
Fishing peoples, the position of women among, i. ;
slavery among, i. ;
social aggregates of, ii. –200;
filthiness a characteristic of, ii.
Flagellation, ii. , –359
Flagrante delicto, offenders caught, i. –294, ii. , , , , , ,
Food, prohibitory rules relating to, ch. xxxvii. sq. (ii. – 345);
stealing of, i. , , , ii. , , sq.;
as a conductor of curses, i. –592, ii. –624;
detrimental to holiness, ii. –296;
the eating of certain kinds of, forbidden by gods, ii. , , ,
Forbearances, i. , , –305
Foreigners, protected by the chief or king, i. , , ;
killing of, i. –334, –34, , , ;
sacrifice of, i. sq.;
infliction of bodily injuries upon, i. ;
kindness to, i. , –558, –572, ;
enslaving of, i. , , , , , sq.;
respect for the proprietary rights of, ii. , , ;
demoralising influence of, ii. , –129, see White men;
robbery committed upon, ii. –25, sq.;
reduced to serfdom, ii. ;
rules of inheritance relating to, ii. ;
deceiving of, ii. , , , , , , –129;
duties to, ii. ;
despised, ii. –174, ;
disregard of their interests, ii. ;
antipathy to, ii. ;
marriages with, ii. , sq.;
eaten, ii. ;
sacrilege committed by, ii. .
See Strangers
Forgery, punished with death, i. sq.;
with mutilation, i.
Forgiveness, i. –79, –88, , , , ii. ,
Foundation sacrifices. See Buildings
Fowls, abstinence from eating, ii. –322, , , , ;
affection for, ii.
Foxes, abstinence from eating, ii.
Fraternal affection, ii. , ,
—— duties, i. , ii.
Fraud. See Truth, regard for
Free love, ch. xlii. (ii. –455). See Unchastity
Freedmen, marriages with, i. , ii. ;
not allowed to bring criminal charges against freeborn persons, i.
Freedom, personal, i. , ii.
Free-will, moral valuation and, i. –326
Frogs, prohibition of eating, ii.
Funeral rites, ii. –528, –552;
the ordinary, denied to suicides, ii. , , , –254, .
See Blood (effusion of, at funerals; offered to the dead), Burial, Cremation, Dead (human sacrifices to the; offerings to the), Self-mutilation (after a death)
Future life, belief in retribution in a, among civilised races, i. , , , –553, , , , , , , , , ii. , , , , , , , , , –713, , , –720, , sq.;
among uncivilised peoples, i. , –544, , ii. , , , , , , –681, –685, –695;
the belief in a, ii. sq.;
its influence on the notions concerning homicide, i. ;
concerning the killing of old or sick persons, i. , ;
concerning infanticide, i. sq.;
concerning feticide, i. sq.;
concerning suicide, ii. –237, , , .
See Dead
—— state, the, of persons who have been struck by lightning, i. , ii. , , sq.;
who have not slain any enemies, i. ;
who have slain enemies, i. , ii. ;
who have died of old age, i. , ii. , 238 n. 3, ;
of disease, i. , ii. 238 n. 3, ;
by violence, i. sq., ii. –239, ;
by accident, ii. , , ;
by starvation, ii. 238 n. 3;
who have committed suicide, ii. –239, –244, , , , , ;
who have been killed in war, ii. , , , , , ;
who have been drowned, ii. , , , sq.;
who have suffered pain in this life, ii. ;
who have died unmarried and childless, ii. –404;
who have refrained from connections with women, ii. sq.;
who have committed perjury, ii. sq.;
of women, i. sq., ii. ;
of women who have died in childbirth, ii. 238 n. 3, ;
of children, ii. , ;
of unbaptised children, i. , , sq., ii. –723;
of the heathen, ii. sq.;
influenced by human sacrifices offered to the dead, i. –476, ii. ;
by the mutilations and self-bleedings of mourners, i. , ii. ;
by knowledge of religious truth, ii. –134, –721, –727;
by the treatment of the dead person’s corpse, ii. , –523, , , , ;
by offerings made to the dead, ii. –404, , , , , , , , , ;
by alms given on behalf of the dead, ii. – 552;
by prayer on behalf of the dead, ii. ;
by curses, ii. , , , , sq.;
by rank, ii. ;
by magical practices, ii. , , , , , ;
by vicarious expiation, ii. sq.;
by divine election, ii. sq.;
by faith, ii. –721, –727;
by sacramental grace, ii. sq., by baptism, ii. –723
GENERALITY, the moral emotions characterised by a flavour of, i. , , , –123
Generosity, charity and, ch. xxiii. (i. –569)
Gifts, blessings pronounced by recipients of, i. –565;
the danger of accepting, i. sq.
Girls, at puberty, ii. sq.
Gluttony, ii. sq.
Goat-dung, a means of purification, i.
——-flesh, abstinence from, ii. ,
“God,” definition of the term, ii.
Goddesses, jealous of the chastity of their priests, ii.
Gods, duties to, ch. xlviii. sq. (ii. –662);
as guardians of morality, chs. l.–lii. (ii. –737);
punish innocent persons in consequence of the sins of the guilty, i. –72, ii. ;
punish unchastity, i. , ii. ;
curses personified and elevated to the rank of supernatural agents or, i. , , , , , , , , ii. , , , ;
human sacrifices offered to, i. , , , , , –472, ii. , , , , , , , , ;
reward undeserving persons in consequence of the merits of others, i. –99, ii. ;
connection between the severity of punishment and the belief in, i. –198;
disobedience to, i. –198, ii. sq.;
revengeful feelings attributed to, i. , , –440, sq., ii. , , , , , ;
attach undue importance to the outward aspect of conduct, i. –231, –235, ii. ;
judge upon human actions without much regard to their motives, i. –302;
punish homicide, i. –380, ii. , , , , , , , , ;
curses transformed into attributes of, i. , , , , , ii. , , ;
blood pollution shunned by, i. –382;
enjoin or approve of charity, i. –558. –569, ii. , , , , , , , , , ;
appealed to in curses or oaths, i. , sq., ii. , , –123, , –690, , sq.;
in blessings, i. , sq., ii. , ;
enjoin hospitality, i. –580, ii. , , , , , , ;
exposed to the curses of men, i. , ii. –624, , , –659, ;
protect refugees, i. , ii. –633, , , ;
enjoin regard for parents, i. , , ii. , , , ;
punish abandoning of old persons, i. ;
punish disrespect for chiefs, i. ;
women shunned by, i. –666;
guardians of property, ii. –69, , –677, , , , , , , , , ;
guilty of falsehood, ii. , , ;
guardians of truth and good faith, ii. , –123, , , , , –677, , , , , –705, , , , , , ;
perjury regarded as an offence against, ii. , 122 sq. n. 10;
perjury punished by, ii. 123 n. 1, , , ;
condemn pride, ii. sq.;
different, fused into one, ii. sq.;
approve of suicide, ii. , , ;
suicide offensive to, ii. , , –249, –254, , ;
agriculture pleasing to, ii. , ;
commend industry, ii. , , , , ;
require pure sacrifices, ii. sq.;
prohibit the eating of certain foods, ii. , , ;
disapprove of abstinence from intoxicating drink, ii. ;
disapprove of drunkenness, ii. ;
demand ceremonial cleanliness, ii. , , 700 n. 5, , , ;
punish ablutions, ii. ;
self-mortification pleasing to, ii. –361, ;
exciting the compassion of, ii. ;
envious of men, ii. , , ;
punish incest, ii. , , ;
women married to, ii. –414;
sexual pollution shunned by, ii. ;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. , ;
eating of, ii. sq., see Totem;
the tendency to make them more and more perfect, ii. , , , , sq.;
not necessarily immortal, ii. sq.;
killing of, ii. –610, sq., see Totem;
punished by men, ii. ;
subject to human needs, ii. sq.;
sacrifices to, ii. –626, see Sacrifice;
fear of, ii. –614, ;
malevolent, ii. , –667, , , , , , , , ;
benevolent, ii. –615, –669, –708, , , , , , , ;
assistance expected from, ii. –616;
gratitude to, ii. sq.;
property of, ii. sq.;
self-regarding pride of, ii. –655;
blasphemy against, ii. , , ;
taboos imposed upon the names of, ii. –643;
intolerance of, ii. –647, , , ;
tolerance of, ii. –649, sq.;
free from human weaknesses, ii. ;
prayers to, ii. –659, see Prayer;
priests regarded as manifestations of, ii. , ;
the communal character of the relations between men and their, ii. ;
selection of, ii. , sq.;
punish transgressions of custom, ii. , ;
punish bad behaviour towards old and sick persons, ii. , ;
punish adultery, ii. , , , , , ;
love justice, ii. , , , , , , , ;
approve of valour, ii. ;
fighting against evil spirits, ii. , , –706, ;
invoked by thieves, ii. .
See Guardian spirits, Religion, Supernatural beings, Supreme beings, Totem
“Golden rule, the,” i. sq.
“Good,” analysis of the concept, i. –147
“—— deeds,” i. –302
Good faith, regard for truth and, ch. xxx. sq. (ii. –131)
Gratitude, i. , , , , , , , , , ii. –166;
to gods, ii. sq.
Greetings, i. –592, ii. , , –151
Gregarious instinct, the, ii. sq.
Gregariousness, i. , , , ii. –197.
Grief, expressions of, ii. , , ,
Group marriage, ii. , –396,
Guardian spirits, i. , sq., ii. , , –531, , , , , , ,
HABIT, the influence of, on moral ideas, i. , , , , , , ii. , –131, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;
on the authority of the law, i. sq.
Hair, conditional curses seated in the, i. sq.
Handicraft, moral valuation of, ii. , , –280, sq.
Handshaking, ii. , , sq.
Happiness, regard for other persons’ ch. xxxiii. (ii. –185);
for one’s own, ii.
Hares, abstinence from eating, ii. sq.
Head-hunting, i. , ,
Heedlessness, i. , –310
Hell, notions about, ii. , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Heresy, ii. sq.;
punishment of, i. , , , ;
considered a legitimate cause of war, i. – 352, ;
judicial torture in cases of, i. ;
a bar to intermarriage, ii. sq.;
homosexual practices associated with, ii. –489;
the future state influenced by, ii.
Holiness, must not be defiled by curses or oaths, i. , , ii. ;
by blood, i. –382;
by women, i. –666;
by food, ii. –296;
by certain kinds of food, ii. ;
by intoxicating drink, ii. sq.;
by sexual pollution, ii. –420, ;
very susceptible to any polluting influence, ii. , , –610;
objects endowed with, must not be appropriated for ordinary purposes, ii. sq.;
a god’s, polluted by his name being mentioned in profane conversation, ii. ;
attributed to sacrificial victims, i. , , , –447, ii. , , ;
its magic virtue transferred by contact, i. –65, , –446, ii. , , , ;
by eating, i. , ii. –564, , ;
by sexual intercourse, i. , ii. –446, ;
looked upon as a transferable entity, i. , ii. –610, ;
contact with, regarded as dangerous, ii. 538 n. 2
See Sacred places
Home, love of, ii. –169, sq.
Homestead, sanctity of the, i. , ii. 635 n. 4
Homicide, in general, chs. xiv–xvi. (i. –382);
punished with death i. , , , , , ;
considered polluting, i. , , , –382, ii. 256 sq. n. 2, , ;
stigmatised by religion, i. , , –380, , ii. , , , , , , , , 716 n. 2, , ;
the influence of rank on the criminality of, i. –433;
duels in cases of, i. sq.
See Blood-revenge, Compensation for homicide, Duel, Head hunting, Human sacrifice, Killing, Manslaughter, Manslayers, Punishment of Death, War
Homosexual love, ch. xliii. (ii. –489), sq.
Honey, abstained from after a death, ii.
Honour, duels of, i. –503, –510;
respect for other men’s, ii. –143
Hope, as an element in religion, ii. , ;
in rewards after death, ii.
Horses, stealing of, i. sq., ii. ;
abstinence from the flesh of, ii. ,
Hospitality, ch. xxiv. (i. –596); i. , , , , , , , , ;
enjoined by religion, i. –580, ii. , , , , , , ,
Houses, stealing from, i. sq., ii. , , , see Burglary;
asylums, i. , ii. , 635 n. 4, sq.
Human effigies, sacrifice of, i. –470,
—— sacrifice, ch. xix. (i. –476); i. –28, , , –67, , , ii. , , , , , , , , , ;
the execution of blood-revenge a kind of, i. , sq.;
suicide as a kind of, ii. –236;
combined with cannibalism, ii. , sq.
Humility, ii. –146;
sacrifice as a symbol of, ii. sq.
Hunting peoples, vegetable food provided by the women among, i. , ii. ;
the position of women among, i. sq.;
slavery hardly known among, i. ;
social aggregates of, ii. –200;
the form of marriage among, ii. sq.
Husbands, their power over their wives, ch. xxvi. (i. –669);
wives punished if convicted of a design to kill their, i. ;
crimes committed by wives in the presence of their, i. ;
killing their wives, i. , , ;
wives killing their, i. sq.;
wives sacrificed on the death of their, i. –474, ii. sq.;
wives committing suicide on the death of their, i. sq., ii. , , , , , , ;
inflicting bodily injuries upon their wives, i. –516, ;
their duty to protect and support their wives, i. –529, sq.;
lending their wives to guests, i. , ;
living with their fathers-in-law, i. , sq., ii. , ;
curses of, i. ;
selling their wives as slaves, i. . ;
belief in a mysterious bond of sympathy between wives and, ii. ;
wives fasting on the death of their, ii. – 301;
adultery committed by, ii. , –455;
eating their wives, ii. .
See Marital affection, Marriage, Widowers
IDIOTS, injuries committed by, i. –273, ;
objects of religious reverence, i. sq.;
kindness to, i.
Idleness, ii. –277, sq.;
a cause of uncleanliness, ii. sq.
Illegitimate children, rules of inheritance relating to, i. , ii. , , , sq.;
treatment of, i. , ii. , ;
sacrifice of, i.
Impartiality, apparent, a characteristic of the moral emotions, i. , , , –122
Inanimate things, revenged upon or punished, i. , , –264, ;
retributive emotions evoked by, i. , , –264, , ;
conceived as animate, i. , , ii. ;
moral praise and blame not applied to, i.
Incantations, ii. –659
Incest, prohibition and horror of, i. . , , . , ii. –378, –752;
stigmatised by religion, ii. , ,
Indemnification, i. , , sq. See Compensation
Independence, love of national, ii. ,
“Indifferent, the morally,” i. –157
Industry, ii. –282;
commended by religion, ii. , , , , ;
cleanliness promoted by, ii.
Infanticide, i. , –413, , ii. ;
supposed relationship between the social reaction against homosexuality and against, ii. , , sq.
Infants, exposure of, i. –412;
a source of slavery, i. .
See Infanticide
Inheritance, rules of, ii. –49, –57
Initiation ceremonies, instituted by the All-father, ii.
”Injustice,” analysis of the concept, i. –145
Injustice, punished by the supreme being, ii.
“Instinct,” the meaning of the word, ii. 374 n. 2
Insults, i. , , , , , sq., ii. , –143;
to the dead, ii. ;
to gods, ii. –652
Intellectual disability, agents under, ch. x. (i. – 282)
Intemperance, ii. sq.
Intentions, i. –206, sq.;
punishment of bare, i. sq.
Intolerance, religious, ii. –653
Intoxicants, religious, veneration of, ii. sq.
See Drink, intoxicating; Drunkenness; Wine
Inversion, sexual, ii. –470, sq.
JEALOUSY, ii. , , , ,
Jinn (jnûn), i. , , , ii. , . , –594, , ,
Joint family, the, i. sq., ii. –216
“Judgment of God,” war looked upon as a, i. , ;
the duel as a, i. –507.
See Ordeals
Jus primæ noctis, ii. ,
“Justice,” analysis of the concept, i. –145
Justice, the sense of, among savages, i. , –129;
loved by gods, ii. , , , , , , .
Karma, ii.
Killing, in self-defence, i. –290;
of foreigners, i. –334, –34, , , ;
of enemies, i. –333, , ii. ;
of slaves, i. , –429, , ;
of infants by their parents, i. , –413, , ii. ;
of human embryos, i. , , , –417, ii. ;
of parents by their children, i. –386, , ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
or abandoning of aged parents, i. –390, , , , ;
or abandoning of sick persons, i. –393, ii. ;
of grown-up children by their parents, i. sq., ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
of wives by their husbands, i. , , ;
of women, i. –421;
of husbands by their wives, i. sq.;
of freemen by slaves, i. , , 491 n. 5;
of chiefs, i. ;
of the firstborn child, i. –460, ii. ;
of the firstborn son, i. –461;
of departed souls, ii. sq.;
of divine beings, ii. –610, sq.;
of disappointing magicians, ii. .
See Blood-revenge, Compensation for homicide, Duel, Head hunting, Homicide, Human sacrifice, Manslaughter, Manslayers, Punishment of death, Suicide, War
Killing of animals, ch. xliv. (ii. –514);
in consequence of harm done by them, i. , , –260;
of sacred animals, i. , ii. –606, ;
of totem animals, ii. , , , ;
of vermin, i. , , ;
dogs, i. 381 n. 6, ii. ;
monkeys, ii. , , ;
buffaloes, ii. ;
sheep, ii. ;
cattle, ii. , sq.;
cows, ii. , , ;
the ploughing ox, ii. , , , , ;
calves, ii. ;
bees, ii. ;
pigeons, ii. ;
storks, ii. ;
swallows, ii. ;
ravens, ii. ;
toads, ii. ;
fish, ii. sq.
See Sacrifice
King, the, tied by custom, i. sq.;
the poor and the weak protected by, i. sq.;
the right of pardon a prerogative of, i. , , ;
an object of religious veneration, i. , ii. –610, ;
homicide committed by the command of, i. ;
strangers protected by, i. ;
homicide regarded as an injury inflicted upon, i. ;
sacrificed, i. , ;
human sacrifices offered for the purpose of saving the life of, i. –457, ;
proprietary rights of, ii. ;
loyalty to, ii. , ;
suicide regarded as an offence against, ii. , 263 n. 1;
taboos imposed upon, ii. sq., , ;
the custom of shutting up doors used by, ii. 538 n. 2;
cannibalism as a duty incumbent upon, ii. ;
killing of, ii. –610, sq.;
his burial place an asylum, ii. ;
his house an asylum, ii. ;
his person an asylum, ii. sq.;
swearing on the life of, ii. ;
criminals prevented from cursing, ii. ;
curses pronounced by, ii.
Kinship, mutual assistance imposed as a duty by, i. –540;
the social influence of, ii. , –206, , , , .
See Descent
Knots, magic, ii. , ,
Knowledge, regard for, ii. –136;
of religious truth, influencing the future state, ii. –134, –721, –727
Known concomitants of acts, i. –214,
LABOUR, ii. –283;
the division of, between the sexes i. –637, ii. ;
property acquired by, ii. –43, , –71;
suspension of, on various occasions, ii. –289;
temporarily forbidden to men who have eaten human flesh, ii.
L-ʿahd, ii. sq.
Lamentations at funerals, ii. , , sq.
Landmarks, removing of, i. , ii. , , –69, , ,
Language, as a communicator of moral emotions, i. –117;
as an expression of moral concepts, i. –133;
the influence of a common, ii. , , ;
as an emblem of nationality, ii. sq.
L-ʿâr, i. , , , , , , ii. –586, –620, ,
Laws, customs and, as expressions of moral ideas, ch. vii. (i. – 201);
their relations to customs, i. –166
Lent fast, ii. , sq.
Levirate, the, i.
Lex talionis. See Equivalence, the rule of
Libel, i. , ii. ,
Lightning, persons struck by, i. , ii. , , , sq.
Likings, disinterested, i. , ii. , , , , , , , , –746
Limbus, ii.
Lions, their fear of strange phenomena, ii.
Love. See Affection, Free love, Homosexual love
Loyalty, ii. ,
Lunacy, attributed to demoniacal possession, i. , sq., ii. ;
to malignant magical agency, i. , ii. sq.;
regarded as a divine punishment, i. sq.;
as a punishment inflicted by a saint, ii.
Lunatics, injuries committed by, i. , –277, , , , , ;
objects of religious reverence, i. sq., ii. ;
burned as witches, i.
Luxury, ii.
Lying. See Truth, regard for
Lynching, i.
MADNESS. See Lunacy
Magic, regarded as a cause of death, i. , , ii. , ;
as a cause of lunacy, i. , ii. sq.;
expertness in, attributed to strangers, i. ;
to old persons, i. sq.;
to women, i. , –668;
the position of slaves influenced by the dread of, i. ;
fasting in connection with, ii. sq.;
definitions of, ii. , ;
attitude of religion towards, ii. , , , ;
its influence on moral ideas, ii. ;
supposed to influence the future state of men, ii. , , , , , .
See Blessings, Blood, Charms, Cross, Cross-roads, Curses, Evileye eye, Knots, L-ʿahd, L-ʿâr, Magicians, Oaths, Ordeals, Prayer, Purificatory ceremonies, Sacrifice, Sexual intercourse (as a magical or religious rite), Spitting, Transference, Witchcraft
——, homœopathic, ii. 446 n. 7,
——, sympathetic, i. sq., ii. , , 209 n. 5, , ,
Magicians, curses of, i. ;
sexual intercourse with, i. 593 n. 1;
abstain from certain foods, ii. , ;
purificatory ceremonies of, ii. ;
celibacy compulsory on, ii. sq.;
conjugal faithfulness compulsory on persons who wish to become, ii. ;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. , , , , , , sq.;
treatment of the dead bodies of, ii. ;
cannibalism of, ii. ;
killing of disappointing, ii. ;
their residences asylums, ii. .
See Witches; cf. Priests
Males, the sexual impulse of, i.
Mammals, paternal care among, ii. sq.;
maternal care among, ii. ;
the duration of conjugal unions among, ii.
Man-gods, eating of, ii. sq.;
killing of, ii. –610, sq.
Mankind at large, duties to. See Cosmopolitanism
Manslaughter, distinguished from murder, i. –298, ii.
Manslayers, regarded as unclean, i. , , , –382, ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
adoption of unintentional, i. ;
refuge denied to, ii. sq.
Marital affection, i. , sq., ii. –193.
See Conjugal affection
Marriage, ch. xl. (ii. –398);
as a compensation for homicide, i. ;
the father’s consent required for a daughter’s, i. , , , , sq., ii. ;
for a son’s, i. , , sq.;
the parents’ consent required for a child’s, i. , , , , sq.;
slaves prohibited from contracting a legal, i. , , sq.;
prohibition of, between white and coloured persons, i. ;
between relations by adoption, ii. , , , –750, ;
regarded as a duty, ii. –405;
enjoined by religion, ii. –404;
between dead persons, ii. ;
forbidden to persons whose function it is to perform religious or magical rites, ii. –409, –414, –421;
considered impure, ii. –412;
between a god and a woman, ii. –414;
avoidance of, between cannibals and their non–cannibal neighbours, ii. ;
the contracting of a second, forbidden to widows, i. , ii. sq.;
to priests, ii. ;
considered improper for widowers, ii. .
See Divorce, Group marriage, Incest, Levirate
Marriage by capture, ii. sq.
—— by purchase, i. , , sq., ii. –385, ;
a hindrance to polygyny, ii. ;
the marriage tie strengthened by, ii. ;
the standard of female chastity raised by, ii. , ,
—— portion, ii. sq.;
the marriage tie strengthened by the, ii.
Maternal affection, i. , –531, ii. –190, ,
—— duties, i. , , ii.
—— rights, ch. xxv. (i. –628), ii.
Matter, regarded as impure, ii. sq.
Meat, manslayers prohibited from eating, i. ;
abstained from before the offering of a sacrifice, ii. ;
after a death, ii. , , sq.
See Vegetarianism
——, fresh, abstained from after a death, ii. sq.;
by girls at puberty, ii. sq.
Medicines, religious veneration of, ii. ,
Men, the occupations of, i. –637;
the sexual impulse of, i. ;
forbidden to eat certain foods, ii. sq.;
extra-matrimonial intercourse of, ii. –434, –455;
the preference given to virgin brides by, ii. –437, ;
homosexual practices between, ch. xliii. (ii. –489), ii. sq.
“Merit,” analysis of the concept, i. –152
Merits, i. , ii. sq., common enjoyment of, i. –99;
the conferring of, upon the dead, ii. –552
Midsummer customs, i. sq.
Milk, prohibition of boiling, i. ;
offered to strangers, i. sq.;
abstinence from, ii. sq.;
after a death, ii.
Miracles, ii. sq.
Modesty, ii. sq.
Monkeys, the feeling of revenge in, i. sq.;
self-regarding pride in, i. , ii. ;
sympathetic resentment in, i. ;
credited with a conscience, i. ;
adoption of young among, ii. ;
abstinence from eating, ii. sq.;
aversion to killing, ii. , , .
See Apes
Monks, sexual intercourse forbidden to, ii. , ;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. ,
Monogamy, ii. , –392
Monotheism, intolerance of, ii. –647, , , ;
its tendency to attribute the most exalted qualities to the deity, ii.
Moon, abstinence from work in connection with changes in the, ii. –287, ;
fasting in connection with changes in the, ii. , . –313
—— gods, appealed to in oaths, ii. , , ;
regarded as judges, ii. , sq.
Moral approval, the nature of, i. , – 107;
the origin of, i. –111, –123, sq.;
moral concepts springing from, i. –154;
only indirectly expressed in custom, i. ;
hardly at all expressed in law, i. sq.;
the resemblance between the phenomena which give rise to gratitude and those which call forth, i. sq.
”—— axioms,” i.
—— concepts, based on moral emotions, ch. i. (i. –20);
analysis of the principal, ch. vi (i. –157);
among non-European peoples, i. –133
—— disapproval, the nature of, i. –93, –107;
the origin of, i. –129;
moral concepts springing from, i. –145;
expressed in customs and laws, ch. vii. (i. –201);
the resemblance between the phenomena which give rise to non-moral resentment and those which call forth, i. –319
Moral emotions, the moral concepts based on, chs. i. (i. –20), vi. (i. –157);
the nature of the, chs. ii.–iv. (i. –107);
the origin of the, ch. v. (i. –130);
expressed in customs and laws, ch. vii. (i. –201);
the resemblance between the phenomena which give rise to non-moral retributive emotions and those which call forth, i. –319;
not determined by the cognition of free-will, i. –326
—— evolution, general characteristics of, ii. –746
—— ideals, i. sq.
—— judgments, the emotional origin of, ch. i. (i. –20);
the assumed objectivity of, i. –20, sq.;
the general nature of the subjects of, chs. viii.–xii. (i. –313);
why conduct and character form the subjects of, i. –320;
the relation between free-will and, i. –326;
the innate character the proper subject of, i.
—— law, the authoritativeness attributed to the, i. –17
“—— reason,” i. sq.
“—— truth,” i. sq.
Morbid impulses, injuries committed under the influence of, i. sq.
Morning gift, ii.
Mos, i. ,
Mother, children’s affection for their, i. –538, , , ii. , ;
descent traced through the, i. , sq., ii. –46, , , , , , , ;
committing suicide on the death of her only son, ii. 244 n. 3.
See Maternal affection, duties, rights; Parents
Motives, ch. xi. (i. –302); i. –209, ,
Mourners, delicate state of, ii. , ;
considered polluted, ii. , , ;
purificatory ceremonies of, ii.
Mourning costume, ii. , ,
—— customs, ii. , , –308, , , , , , , –548;
forbidden in the case of suicide, ii. .
See Death
Murder, manslaughter distinguished from, i. –298, ii. .
See Homicide
Mutilation, as a punishment, i. , . , , , –523. ii. , , , , , , 123 n. 1, 143 n. 1, , sq.
Mutton, abstinence from, ii. ,
Mutual aid, i. –569
NAMES, certain superstitions relating to, i. , ii. ;
social influence of, ii. sq.;
their influence on exogamy, ii. , ;
prohibition of mentioning dead persons’, ii. , –547, ;
of mentioning supernatural beings’, ii. – 643
National conceit, ii. –174
Nationalism, i. –369, ii. , , sq.
Nationality, the feeling of, ii. –185.
See Patriotism
Negative commandments, why more prominent than positive commandments, i.
Negligence, i. , , –305
Negro slavery, i. , , –518, , –714, ii. sq.
Negroes, not accepted as witnesses against white persons, i. ;
antipathy to, i. sq.;
injuries inflicted upon white persons by, i. sq.;
white persons prohibited from marrying, i.
New, fear of anything, i. sq.
Nuns, sexual intercourse forbidden to, ii. ,
OATHS, materialistic conception of, i. –61, sq.;
the taking of, forbidden to the high priest, i. , ii. ;
to priestesses, ii. ;
contained in ordeals, i. sq., ii. –690;
taken upon arms, i. , ii. –121;
upon tent-poles, i. 588 n. 5;
in connection with theft, ii. , , , ;
sworn by the eldest sister, i. ;
on the life of the king, ii. ;
supernatural beings appealed to in, ii. , , –123, –690, , sq.;
prohibition of taking, ii. , ;
not considered binding if contrary to the good of the Church, ii. ;
methods of adding supernatural energy to, ii. –122;
taken upon blood, ii. –121, , , –689;
blood-covenants accompanied by, ii. , , .
See Perjury
Obedience, to parents, ch. xxv. (i. –628);
to husbands, ch. xxvi. (i. –669);
slaves, to their masters, ch. xxvii (i. – 716);
to rulers, i. –196;
to gods, i. –198, ii. sq.;
to the dead, ii. , ,
Occupation, acquisition of property by, ii. –39, , , sq.
Occupations of life, divided between the sexes, i. –637, ii.
Offerings to the dead, ii. , , –404, , , , , , , , , , , ;
connection between almsgiving and, ii. – 552
—— to gods. See Sacrifice
Offspring, man’s desire for, i. , ii. , , –404, , ;
the future state of persons who have died without, ii. –404
Old age, criminal responsibility affected by, i. sq.;
the future state of persons who have died of, i. , ii. , 238 n. 3,
—— persons, killing or abandoning of, i. –390, , , , ;
eaten by their relatives, i. , ii. , sq.;
kind treatment of, i. , , sq., ii. ;
respect for, i. –605, , , –621, ii. , ;
supposed to be versed in magic, i. sq.;
curses and blessings of, i. , ;
suicide committed by, ii. , , , sq.
Omissions, i. –212, –305,
Opera supererogativa, i. , sq. See Merits
Opinions, moral judgments relating to, i. sq.
Ordeals, ii. –690, ;
duels as, i. –507
“Ought,” analysis of the concept, i. –137
Outlawry, i. , , , ,
Owls, prohibition of eating, ii.
Oxen, prohibition of killing ploughing, ii. , , , ,
PARDON, the right of, as a prerogative of the Crown, i. , ,
Parental affection. See Maternal, Paternal affection
Parents, their authority over their children, ch. xxv. (i. –628);
curses or blessings of, i. , , –627, ii. , , 716 n. 2, ;
children punished if convicted of a design to kill their, i. ;
killing their infant children, i. , –413, , ii. , sq.;
children killing their, i. –386, , ii. 256 sq. n. 2, ;
children killing or abandoning their aged, i. –390, , , , ;
eaten by their children, i. , ii. , sq.;
killing their grown up children, i. sq., ii. 256 sq. n. 2;
exposing their new-born children, i. –412, ;
children sacrificed to save the lives of their, i. , , –461;
sacrificing their children, i. –461;
eating their children, i. sq., ii. , . , sq.;
daughters committing suicide on the death of their, i. ;
inflicting corporal punishment upon their children, i. –515, , ;
children using violence against their, i. , sq., ii. ;
their duty of taking care of their children, i. –533;
children’s duty of taking care of their, i. –538;
children’s respect for their, i. –538, , , –613, –628, ii. ;
children’s affection for their, i. –538, , , ii. , ;
religion emphasising children’s duties to their, i. , , , , , , , , –627, ii. , , , 716 n. 2, , ;
children cursing their, i. ;
selling their children as slaves, i. , , , , , , , , , , , , sq.;
children telling a falsehood in the presence of their, ii. ;
children addressing abusive language to their, ii. ;
their duties to their children, ii. , ;
children’s duties to their, ii. , ;
committing suicide on the death of their children, ii. , 244 n. 3;
fasting after the death of their children, ii. –300;
children fasting after the death of their, ii. –301;
children punished after death for inflicting injuries upon their, ii. .
See Maternal, Paternal affection
Parricide. See Parents
Parricidium, i. sq.
Pastoral life, supposed connection between the custom of ultimogeniture and a, ii. 48 n. 4, 56 n. 5
—— peoples, vegetable food provided by the women among, i. , ii. ;
the position of women among, i. sq.;
slavery among, i. , , ;
social aggregates of, ii. ;
their sympathy for their domestic animals, ii.
Passing-bell, the, ii. ,
Passover, the, i. , , ii.
Paternal affection, i. , , , –533. ii. –190, , ;
its influence on the duration of marriage, ii.
Patriotism, ii. –185
Peace, perpetual, i. , ,
—— Societies, i.
Peculium, of slaves, i. , , ii. –33;
of sons, ii. ;
of women, ii.
Pederasty. See Homosexual love
Penance, ii. –361, , , ;
fasting as a form of, ii. , –318,
Perjury, considered contagious, i. –61;
considered sinful though committed unconsciously, i. , , sq.;
punished by custom or law, i. , sq., ii. 123 n. 1;
regarded as an offence against the deity, i. , ii. , 122 sq. n. 10;
no civil punishment affixed to, ii. 123 n. 1;
believed to incur divine punishment, ii. 123 n. 1, , , ;
to cause misery after death, ii. sq.
Phratry, the, ii. , , sq.
Pigeons, prohibition of killing, ii. ;
eating of, ii.
Pilgrimage, ii. , , 538 n. 2,
“Pious fraud,” ii. , ,
Pocket-picking, i. ,
Politeness, i. , ii. –152
Pollution, of sin, i. –57, –65, , , , , , ii. 256 n. 2, sq.;
of curses, i. –61, , , , sq., ii. , , ;
of blood, i. , , , –382, ii. 256 sq. n. 2, , ;
of women, i. –666, ii. 538 n. 2;
of self-inflicted death, ii. 257 n. 5 ;
of death, ii. , –307, , –539, sq.;
of natural death, ii. , ;
of food, ii. –296;
of wine, ii. sq.;
sexual, ii. –420, ;
caused by partaking of human flesh, ii. , sq.;
holiness very susceptible to, i. , –382, , ii. –296, , , . , , –420, –610, , ,
Polyandry, ii. ,
Polygyny, ii. –392, ;
connection between illegitimate children’s right to inheritance and, ii. ;
a cause of homosexual practices, ii.
Polytheism, tolerance of, ii. –652
Pork, abstinence from, ii. , , –330,
Positive commandments, i. –305,
Possession, acquisition of property by continued, ii. – 41,
Potatoes, abstinence from, after a death, ii.
Poverty, estimation of, i. , ii. sq.;
a cause of uncleanliness, ii. ;
monogamy associated with, ii.
Prayer, ii. –659;
for remission of sin, i. , , , sq., ii. , . , ;
purification preparatory to, i. sq., ii. , , , , . , sq.;
development of a curse or a blessing into a, i. sq., ii. –68, –123, , –690, ;
almsgiving connected with, i. sq.;
forbidden to women, i. , 667 n. 1;
used as greeting, ii. ;
fasting an appendage to, ii. sq.;
magic efficacy ascribed to, ii. , , , –659, , ;
continence a preparation for, ii. –419
Preparation, acts of, i. –246
Prescription, ii. , , sq.
Pride, condemnation of, ii. sq.
See Self-regarding pride
Priestesses, forbidden to marry or to have intercourse with men, ii. –408, –414, ;
continence compulsory on women who wish to become, ii. ;
prostitution of, ii. sq.;
asylums, ii. sq.;
prohibited from taking an oath, ii.
Priests, forbidden to take an oath, i. , ii. ;
to engage in warfare, i. , ;
to shed human blood, i. sq.;
to take part in a capital charge, i. , , ;
to engage in hunting, ii. ;
the law of torture relating to, i. sq.;
curses of, i. ;
enslaving of children of incontinent, i. ;
certain foods forbidden to, or rejected by, ii. , , , ;
forbidden to marry and to have intercourse with women, ii. –409, , , –421;
eunuch, ii. , , 488 n. 6;
forbidden to contract a second marriage, ii. ;
to marry widows, ii. , ;
to marry harlots or divorced wives, ii. ;
taboos imposed upon, ii. sq.;
continence compulsory on persons who wish to become, ii. ;
temporary continence compulsory on, ii. sq.;
the punishment of unchastity in the daughters of, ii. ;
represented as corrupters of domestic virtue, ii. ;
their celibacy a cause of homosexual practices, ii. ;
boys kept as, ii. ;
used as temple prostitutes, ii. , ;
cannibalism of, ii. , ;
their residences asylums, ii. , , ;
opposing sorcery, ii. ;
regarded as manifestations of gods, ii. , ;
encouraging the belief in the magic efficacy of prayer, ii. sq.
See Benefit of Clergy; cf. Magicians
Primogeniture, ii. , , , sq.
Promiscuity, the theory of, ii.
Promises. See Good faith
Property, the right of, ch. xxviii. sq. (ii. –71);
forfeiture of, as a punishment, i. , ii. ;
acquired by a successful duel, i. , , ii. ;
of wives, i. , –641, , , , ii. –31, ;
of women, i. , ii. –30, ;
of slaves, i. , , , cf. Peculium of slaves;
of the dead, i. , ii. , , sq., see Inheritance, Wills;
of supernatural beings, ii. sq.;
supernatural beings as guardians of, ii. –69, , –677, , , , , , , , ,
Prostitution, i. , ii. –431, , –446;
religious, ii. –446, ;
of men, ii. –462, , , ,
Provocation, i. –298, , sq.
Prudence, i. , , , ii. , , , , , , –268, , , . , , , , , , ,
Puberty, girls at, ii. sq.
Public approval, the prototype of moral approval, i. , ,
—— disapproval, the prototype of moral disapproval, i. , –122
Pulse, abstinence from, ii. , cf. ii. sq.
Punishment, inflicted on others than the culprit, i. –48, sq.;
restricted to the culprit, i. –72;
essentially an expression of the moral indignation of the society which inflicts it, i. , –91, , , –201;
theories as to the proper object of, i. –91;
regarded as a means of eliminating the criminal, i. –82;
as a deterrent, i. –84, –91;
as a means of reforming the criminal, i. –91;
defined, i. , sq.;
the limited efficiency of, as a deterrent, i. 90 n. 1;
a source of moral disapproval, i. ;
the relation between indemnification and, i. sq.;
among savages, i. –177;
transition from revenge to, i. –185;
the opinion that determent actually is or has been the chief object of, i. –200;
the increasing severity of, i. –198;
inflicted on criminals in public, i. sq.;
of unintentional injuries, i. , –226, , , –240;
of attempts to commit crimes, i. –247, ;
of acts of preparation, i. –246;
of bare intentions, i. ;
inflicted on animals, i. –260, , ;
on inanimate things, i. –264, ;
of injuries committed by children, i. –269;
by old persons, i. sq.;
by lunatics, i. –277, sq.;
by idiots, i. ;
in drunkenness, i. –282;
inflicted upon the offending member, i. , , , , , sq., ii. , , , , 123 n. 1, 143 n. 1;
from a deterministic point of view, i. sq.;
influenced by rank, i. –433, , , , , ii. , , , , , –450;
corporal, i. –525;
suicide committed out of fear of, ii. ;
redeems the sufferer from punishment in a future existence, ii. ;
inflicted on gods, ii. .
For various kinds of punishment see Banishment, Cannibalism (as a punishment), Emasculation, Mutilation, Outlawry, Property (forfeiture of), Serfdom (as a punishment), Shame (putting offenders to), Slavery (as a punishment)
Punishment in a future existence. See Future life
—— of death, i. –496;
among savages, i. –190, –197;
as a kind of human sacrifice, i. , sq.;
suicide as an alternative to, ii. ;
inflicted for a variety of crimes, i. –46, , , , , –197, , , , , , , , –386, , , , , , , , , , –433, , , , , , , , , , , , , ii. , , –9, –15, , , –142, 256 n. 2, , , –368, , –408, , –426, , , , , –450, , , 475 n. 10, –482, , , , , –652
Purificatory ceremonies, i. –57, , , –377, –381, , ii. 256 sq. n. 2, 257 n. 5, , , , –354, , , , , 472 n. 7, , , ,
RAIN, human sacrifices offered for the purpose of producing, i. –451;
certain other methods of procuring, ii. ,
Ramaḍân, the fast of, i. , ii. –315,
Rank, influencing customs or laws relating to homicide, i. , , , –433, ;
to capital punishment, i. ;
to bodily injuries, i. , , ;
to corporal punishment, i. –524;
to torture, i. sq.;
to theft, ii. , , ;
to sincerity, ii. ;
to insults, i. sq.;
to politeness, i. sq.;
to suicide, i. ;
to marriage, ii. , , ;
to chastity, ii. , sq.;
to rape, ii. sq.;
to adultery, ii. –450;
to the disposal of the dead, ii. , ;
to cannibalism, ii. sq.;
supposed to influence the efficacy of curses, i. sq.;
to influence men’s state in the other world, ii.
Rape, i. , , , , ii. , , , , ;
self-defence in the case of, i.
Rashness, i. , –310
Ravens, fear of killing, ii.
Reason, the theory according to which moral judgments are ultimately based on, i. –17
Reception ceremonies, i. –592
Reflection, its influence on moral estimates, i. , , , , , , , , , , , –314, ii. , , , , , , , –514, , , –746;
on non-moral resentment, i. , ,
Reflex action, i.
Regalia, regarded as wonder-working talismans, ii. 608 n. 4, sq.
Regret, the similarity between remorse and, i. sq.
Religio, the meaning of the word, ii. –586
Religion, belief in supernatural being an essential element in, ch. xlvii., (ii. –601);
duties to gods inculcated by, ch. xlviii. sq. (ii. –662);
relations between morality and, chs. l.–lii. (ii. –737), sq.;
custom stronger than, i. ;
enjoins abstinence from work on certain days, i. , ii. –289, ;
the severity of punishment increased by, i. –198;
enjoins fasting, i. , ii. , –298, –318, , , ;
a source of war, i. , –352, ;
attitude of, towards war, i. , , , –366, sq., ii. ;
condemns homicide, i. , , –380, , ii. , , , , , 700, 705, , 716 n. 2, , ;
condemns the killing or exposure of infants, i. , sq.;
condemns feticide, i. –417, ii. ;
attitude of, towards slavery, i. , , , –689, –700, –713, ii. ;
gives support to capital punishment, i. ;
influences the right to bodily integrity, i. ;
inculcates filial duties, i. , , , , , , , , –627, ii. , , , 716 n. 2, , ;
enjoins charity, i. –558, –569, ii. , , , , , , , , , ;
enjoins hospitality, i. –580, ii. , , , , , , , ;
influences the treatment of old persons, i. sq., ii. , ;
influences the position of women, i. ;
regards women as unclean, i. –666;
attitude of, towards serfdom, i. sq.;
the right of property sanctioned by, ii. –69, , –677, , , , , , , , , ;
the regard for truth and good faith sanctioned by, ii. , –124, , , , , –677, , , , , –705, . , , , , ;
leads to “pious fraud,” ii. , , ;
condemns pride, ii. sq., its relation to national feeling and patriotism, ii. , , sq.;
as a social tie, ii. –213, –227, ;
the opinions as regards suicide influenced by, ii. , , , –254, , , ;
the moral ideas relating to self-regarding conduct influenced by, ii. sq.;
commends agriculture, ii. ;
attitude of, towards labour, ii. , –289, , , ;
commends poverty, ii. –282;
requires ceremonial cleanliness, ii. , , –354, , , –420, 700 n. 5, , , ;
enjoins pilgrimage, ii. , ;
imposes various restrictions in diet, ii. –338, ;
encourages drunkenness, ii. ;
enjoins sobriety or total abstinence from intoxicating liquors, ii. –345;
a cause of uncleanliness, ii. –356;
leads to various forms of asceticism, ii. –363;
stigmatises incest, ii. , , ;
enjoins various forms of endogamy, ii. – 382;
a bar to inter-marriage, ii. – 382;
enjoins monogamy, ii. ;
prohibits divorce, ii. ;
enjoins marriage, ii. –404;
enjoins celibacy or continence, ii. –421;
regards marriage as impure, ii. –412;
condemns second marriages, ii. , ;
enjoins sexual cleanliness, ii. –420, , ;
requires chastity of unmarried women, i. , ii. sq.;
condemns extra-matrimonial intercourse, ii. –433, , ;
prostitution connected with, ii. –446, ;
condemns adultery, ii. , , , –455, , , , , , ;
homosexual practices connected with, ii. , , –474, , –489, ;
stigmatised by, ii. , , –482, –489, ;
inculcates regard for the lower animals, ii. –504, ;
looks down upon the lower animals, ii. – 508;
cannibalism in connection with, ii. sq.;
definitions of, ii. , ;
born of fear, ii. –614;
hope an element in every, ii. –616;
attitude of, towards magic, ii. , , , ;
the communal character of, ii. .
See Asylums, Atheism, Baptism, Blasphemy, Blood (effusion of, as a religious rite), Eucharist, Flagellation, Future life, Future state, “God,” Goddesses, Gods, Guardian spirits, Hell, Heresy, Holiness, Human sacrifice, Intolerance, Monotheism, Oaths, Ordeals, Penance, Perjury, Pilgrimage, Polytheism, Prayer, Priestesses, Priests, Purificatory ceremonies, Sacred places, Sacrifice, Sacrilege, Saints, Self-mortification, Self-mutilation (as a religious rite), Sin, Supreme beings, Tolerance, Totem, Totemism, Unbelief
Remorse, i. –107, –125, ;
absence of, in criminals, i. 90 n. 1;
a cause of suicide, i. , ii.
Repentance, i. –107, –125;
as a ground for forgiveness, i. –88, , , , ii. , ;
adequate, deemed impossible in the case of blasphemy, ii.
Repetition of an offence, i. , , , , , , , , ii.
Reptiles, aversion to eating, ii.
Requisitions, military, ii.
Resentment, i. –93;
towards animals, i. , , –260, , , ;
towards inanimate things, i. , , –264, ;
the phenomena which call forth, i. – 318
——, sympathetic, i. –116, , , , , , , , , , , , , , sq., ii. , , , , , , , , , , , , , ;
in animals, i. , ii.
Rest, ii. –289,
Retaliation, moral valuation of, i. –79.
See Punishment, Revenge
Retributive emotions, i. –99;
the phenomena which call forth, i. –319;
not determined by the cognition of free-will, i. ,
Retributive kindly emotion, i. , –99;
in animals, i. ;
the phenomena which call forth, i. sq.;
sympathetic, i. ,
Revenge, taken upon animals, i. , , –253, , , ;
upon inanimate things, i. , , –263;
regarded as a duty, i. sq.;
condemned, i. –79;
demanded by public opinion, i. sq.;
regulated by the rule of equivalence, i. – 180;
succeeded by punishment, i. – 185;
believed to be taken by animals upon men, i. , , ii. , . , , , ;
taken upon offenders caught flagrante delicto, i. –294, ii. , , , , ;
not to be taken upon a guest, i. , sq.;
taken for injuries inflicted upon guests, i. sq.;
suicide as a method of taking, ii. , , –245;
supposed to be taken by the dead upon the living, ii. , , , ;
taken by the living upon the dead, ii. sq.;
supposed to be taken by ghosts upon other ghosts, ii. sq.
See Blood-revenge
——, the feeling of, its nature and origin, i. –42;
in animals, i. sq.;
appeased by repentance, i. , , ;
attributed to gods, i. , , –440, sq., ii. , , , , , ;
to the souls of murdered persons, i. , , , , , , , sq., ii. sq.;
to the dead, ii. , , ;
a motive for committing suicide, ii. , , –245;
a motive for cannibalism, ii. –559
Rewards, vicarious, i. –99;
a source of moral approval, i. ;
public, i. sq.;
in a future existence, see Future life
Rice, abstinence from, after a death, ii.
“Right,” analysis of the concept, i. –139;
the relation between “good” and, i. sq.
“Rights,” analysis of the concept, i. –141
Rivers, human sacrifices offered to, i. –454
Robbery, i. –189, ii. –27, –69;
distinguished from theft, ii. , , ;
of tombs, ii. , , sq.;
of temples, ii. ;
refuge denied to persons guilty of, ii. .
See Stealing
SABBATH, the Jewish, i. , ii. –289, , ;
originally a fast-day, ii. sq.
Sacramental grace, considered necessary for salvation, ii. sq.
Sacred places, polluted persons prohibited from entering, i. , ii. , sq.;
shedding of human blood prohibited in, i. , ii. ;
women excluded from, i. sq.;
sexual intercourse prohibited in, ii. , ;
fear of disturbing the peace in, ii. sq.
See Asylums
Sacrifice, ii. –626;
transference of evil combined with a, i. –65;
vicarious expiatory, i. –70, –440;
purification preparatory to, i. , ii. , , , , , ;
connection between alms giving and, i. – 569, ii. –552;
as a means of transferring curses, i. sq., ii. –624, ;
as a reception ceremony, i. , ii. ;
women prohibited from offering a, i. sq.;
fasting in connection with, ii. –298;
fasting the survival of an expiatory, ii. –318;
asceticism in some other instances the survival of an earlier, ii. ;
oaths taken in connection with a, ii. sq.;
connected with prayer, ii. sq.;
importance of, ii. , –712, , , .
See Human sacrifice, Offerings to the dead
Sacrificial victims, magic virtue ascribed to, i. , , , –447, ii. , , ;
looked upon as guardian spirits, i. sq.;
as messengers, i. sq., ii. ;
privilege granted to, i. 585 n. 1;
must be free from pollution, ii. , ,
Sacrilege, punished with death, i. , , , ;
refuge denied to persons guilty of, ii. ;
if committed by foreigners, ii.
Sago, abstinence from, after a death, ii.
Saints, oaths taken at the shrines of, i. sq., ii. ;
diseases cured by contact with, i. ;
lunatics regarded as, i. sq.;
curses pronounced by, i. , ;
l-ʿâr (implying the transference of a conditional curse) made upon, i. , ii. , , , , , ;
robbed of their holiness, i. , ii. ;
compacts made at the shrines of, i. , ii. sq.;
old men regarded as, i. ;
looked upon as guardians of property, ii. sq.;
the saliva of, ii. ;
ceremonial cleanliness required of those who approach the shrines of, ii. , , ;
sexual intercourse with, ii. , ;
places of striking appearance associated with, ii. , ;
miracles performed by, ii. –592;
gifts offered to, ii. ;
offerings to, participate in their sanctity, i. sq., ii. ;
sacredness of the shrines of, ii. , , ;
lunacy attributed to the resentment of, ii. ;
their shrines asylums, ii. , , , ;
persons attached to the shrines of, ii. ;
unconcerned about the worldly morality of their devotees, ii. ;
invoked by thieves, ii.
Salmon, abstinence from eating, after a death, ii. sq.
Salutations, i. –592, ii. , , –151
Sanctuary, the right of. See Asylums
Scalping, i. , , ii.
Scape-goats, i. –55, –65
Scientific research, ii. –136
Scourging, as a religious rite, ii. , –359
Sea, human sacrifices offered to the, i. –454
Self-approval, i. –107,
——-defence, i. –290;
lying in, ii. , , –101, –106,
——-mortification, ii. , –318, –363,
——-mutilation, after a death, i. , , , ii. , , , , ;
as a religious rite, i. sq., ii.
Self-regarding duties and virtues, ii. –268
——-regarding pride, respect for other men’s, ch. xxxii. (ii. –152);
in men, i. , , , –40, , , , ii. , –140;
a cause of suicide, ii. , , , –233, ;
in animals, i. , ii. sq.;
attributed to the dead, ii. ;
to gods, ii. –655
——-reproach, i. –107, –125
——-respect, ii.
Self-sacrifice, i. , , , ii. , ,
Seniority, respect for, i. , , , , , , ii.
Sensuous pleasures, condemnation of, ii. , , –363
Sentiment, i. 110 n. 3
Separation, judicial, ii. ,
Serfdom, i. –704;
as a punishment, ii. ;
strangers reduced to, ii. ;
shipwrecked persons reduced to, ii.
Serfs, bodily injuries inflicted upon, i. 524 n. 3;
proprietary rights or in capacities of, i. sq., ii. ;
intermarriage between freewomen and, ii.
Serpents, worship of, ii. .
See Snakes
Seven, the number, ii. sq.
Seventh day, the, ii. –289. See Sabbath
Sexual impulse, the, in males, i. , ii. sq.;
in females, i. sq., ii. ;
connection between religious feelings and, ii. 375 n. 3;
regarded as sinful in the unmarried, ii. ;
associated with affection, ii. sq., see Conjugal affection
—— intercourse, between man and beast, i. sq., ii. , ;
manslayers temporarily prohibited from, i. , ;
abstinence from, with women who are pregnant or who suckle a child, i. , ii. , ;
with strangers, i. , , ii. –446;
with holy persons, i. 593 n. 1, ii. , ;
abstained from after a death, ii. ;
abstained from during the month of Ramaḍân, ii. ;
abstinence from, a means of propitiating or pleasing the deity, ii. , sq.;
as a magical or religious rite, ii. , –446, ;
between a man and a married woman, ii. , –455;
between a married man and a woman, ii. , –455;
forbidden to priests and priestesses, ii. –409, –414, –421;
to monks and nuns, ii. , ;
considered impure, ii. , , –420, ;
regarded as a consequence of Adam’s sin, ii. ;
supposed to have been originally free from all carnal desire, ii. 411 n. 4;
supposed to take place between gods and women, ii. sq.;
the future state of persons who have refrained from, ii. sq.;
danger attributed to, ii. , ;
prohibited in sacred places, ii. , ;
abstained from in connection with religious observances, ii. –420, , ;
admission into priesthood preceded by abstinence from, ii. ;
regarded as a transmitter of hereditary sin, ii. ;
between unmarried persons, ii. –446, , ;
between persons of the same sex, ch. xliii. (ii. –489), sq.;
between animals of the same sex, ii. , , 475 n. 2;
temporarily forbidden to men who have eaten human flesh, ii. .
See Adultery, Incest, Jus primæ noctis, Sodomy
Sexual inversion, congenital, ii. –467;
acquired, ii. –470
Shame, putting offenders to, i. ;
a cause of suicide, ii.
Shaving, as a means of purification, ii. sq.
Sheep, stealing of, i. sq., ii. ;
abstinence from killing, for food, ii. .
See Mutton
Shipwrecked persons, sacrifice of, i. ;
treatment of, ii. , sq.
Sick persons, killing or abandoning of, i. –393, ii. ;
kind treatment of, i. –548;
suicide committed by, ii. ;
unkindness to, punished by the supreme being, ii. .
See Disease
Sin, collective responsibility in the case of, i. –57, –72;
prayers for remission of, i. , , , sq., ii. , , , ;
materialistic conception and transference of, i. –57, –65, , , , , , ii. 256 n. 2, sq.;
committed accidentally or unknowingly, i. –231, –235;
the sense of, ii. ;
sexual intercourse regarded as a transmitter of hereditary, ii.
Sister, the elder, respect for, i. , , ;
swearing by, i. ;
curses of, i. , ii.
Slander, ii. , , –142,
Slavery, ch. xxvii. (i. –716);
as a punishment for crime, i. , , , , , , , , , –691, ii. , , , , ;
a cause of suicide, ii. , , ;
produces contempt for manual labour, ii. , ,
Slaves, sacrificed to gods, i. , , , , sq.;
to dead persons, i. , , , ii. ;
killing of, i. , –429, , ;
of free men by, i. , , 491 n. 5;
refuge denied to, i. ;
granted to, i. , , , ii. ;
not allowed as witnesses, i. , ;
bodily injuries inflicted upon, i. –518, , , ;
upon freemen by, i. –518;
corporal punishment inflicted upon, i. – 524;
children sold as, by their parents, i. , , , , , , , , , , , , sq.;
curses of, i. ;
proprietary rights and incapacities of, i. , , , , , ii. , –33, ;
rules of inheritance relating to, i. , ii. sq.;
addicted to falsehood, ii. , sq.;
insults offered by, ii. sq.;
offered to, ii. ;
marriages between free men and, ii. ;
treatment of the dead bodies of, ii. , ;
eaten, ii. ;
cursed by their masters, ii.
Snakes, abstinence from eating, ii. .
See Serpents
Social affection, i. , , –114, , ii. , , –228
—— aggregates, the evolution of, ii. –226
Socialism, ii. –71
Society, the birthplace of the moral consciousness, i. –123
Sodomy, i. , ii. , 465 n. 2, –476, –483, –489.
See Homosexual love
Solstices, fasting at, ii. sq.
See Midsummer customs
Soma, ii. , , sq.
Son, sacrificed to save the life of his father, i. sq.;
the parents’ or father’s consent required for the marriage of the, i. –609, , –618, sq.;
mother committing suicide on the death of her only, ii. 244 n. 3;
allowed to eat only certain foods after the death of his father, ii. sq.
See Children, Firstborn, Primogeniture, Ultimogeniture
Sorrow expressions of, ii. , , ,
Soul, the immateriality of the, ii. sq.
See Annihilation, Dead, Future Life, Future state, Transmigration
Spiders, prohibition of killing white, ii.
Spirits, evil. See Evil spirits
“Spiritual relationship,” a bar to inter-marriage, ii. ,
Spitting, superstitions relating to, i. , , ii. , , , , 546 n. 2, sq.
State, the, as a social unit, ii. –226;
its influence on the smaller units of which it was composed, i. sq., ii. sq.;
suicide regarded as a wrong against, ii. , , , ;
celibacy regarded as a wrong against, ii.
Stealing, ii. –27, –69;
of horses, cattle, or sheep, i. sq., ii. ;
from houses, i. sq., ii. , , , see Burglary;
of letters, i. ;
of food, i. , , , ii. , , sq.;
at night, i. , ii. , ;
self-defence in the case of, i. sq.;
persons who are caught, i. . . , ii. , , –19, ;
punishment inflicted on the offending member in the case of, i. , , 521 n. 1, ii. , ;
from relatives, ii. 53 sq. n. 4;
punished by supernatural beings, ii. –69, , –677, , , , , , , , , ;
curses pronounced to punish or prevent, ii. –69, ;
adultery regarded as a form of, ii. sq.;
from tombs, ii. , , sq.;
of property belonging to gods, ii. sq.
Stimulants, religious veneration of, ii.
Storks, abstinence from killing, ii.
Strangers, protected by the chief or king, i. , , ;
killing of, i. –334, –34, , , ;
sacrificed, i. sq.;
infliction of bodily injuries upon, i. ;
kindness to, i. –558, see Hospitality;
blessings of, i. –584, ii. ;
regarded as semi–supernatural beings, i. sq.;
supposed to be versed in magic, i. ;
the evil eye of, i. , –593;
curses of, i. –594, ii. , ;
reception of, i. –592, ii. ;
gifts of, i. sq.;
sexual intercourse with, i. , ii. –446;
enslaving of, i. , , , , , sq.;
respect for the proprietary rights of, ii. , , ;
robbery committed upon, ii. –25, sq.;
reduced to serfdom, ii. ;
rules of inheritance relating to, ii. ;
deceiving of, ii. , , , , , , –129;
politeness to, ii. ;
duties to, ii. ;
despised, ii. –174, ;
disregard of their interests, ii. ;
antipathy to, ii. ;
marriages with, ii. , sq.;
treatment of departed, ii. , sq.;
eaten, ii. ;
sacrilege committed by, ii. .
See Hospitality
Stratagems, ii. , ,
Suicide, ch. xxxv. (ii. –264);
punished with forfeiture of property, i. , ii. ;
prompted by remorse, i. , ii. ;
of daughters, i. ;
of widows, i. sq., ii. , , , , , , ;
caused by wounded pride, ii. , , , –233, ;
the future state of persons who have committed, ii. –239, –244, , , , ,
Sun, fasting in connection with the, ii. , , sq.
—— gods, appealed to in oaths, ii. sq.;
regarded as judges, ii. , ,
Sunday, as a day of rest, ii. sq.;
a cause of drunkenness, ii. sq.
Supernatural, the, ii. –584
—— beings, the belief in, ch. xlvii. (ii. –601);
disease supposed to be caused by, i. sq., ii. ;
curses personified and elevated to the rank of, i. , , , , , , , , ii. , , , ;
fear of mentioning the names of, ii. –642;
distinction between offences committed against gods and offences against other, ii. sq.
See Animals (killing of sacred), Erinyes, Evil spirits, Goddesses, Gods, Guardian spirits, Jinn, Saints, Supreme beings, Totem
“Superobligatory, the,” i. –154
Suppliants. See Asylums, L-ʿâr
Supreme beings in savage beliefs, ii. –687
Swallows, prohibition of killing, ii.
Sympathetic feelings springing from association, i. sq.
—— magic. See Magic, sympathetic
Sympathetic resentment. See Resentment, sympathetic
—— retributive kindly emotion. See Retributive kindly emotion, sympathetic
Sympathy, i. –111;
for animals, ii. –506, –514.
See Affection, Altruistic sentiment
TABOO, i. , , ii. –66, , ,
Talion. See Equivalence, the rule of
Testation, ii. , . See Wills
Thank offerings, i. , ii. sq.
Theft. See Stealing
Thrift, ii.
Throne, the Royal, regarded as holy, ii. ,
Thunder, religious veneration of, ii. ,
Tigers, abstinence from the flesh of, ii. ;
their fear of strange phenomena, ii.
Toads, fear of killing, ii.
Tobacco, religious veneration of, ii.
Tolerance, religious, ii. –653
Tombs, theft or violation committed at, ii. , , , sq.;
places of refuge, ii.
Tomb-stones, ii. ,
Tortoises, prohibition of eating, ii.
Torture, infliction of death by, i. –188, ;
judicial, i. sq.
Totem, eating of the, i. , ii. , , , , ;
killing of the, ii. , , , ;
regardful treatment of the, ii.
Totemism, as a social tie, ii. –213;
represented as the source of the prohibition of incest, ii. , 376 sq. n. 7, 377 n. 1, ;
believed to be instituted by the All-father, ii.
Tournaments, i. sq.
Trade, moral valuation of, ii. , , –280,
Transference, of blessings, see Blessings;
of curses, see Curses;
of disease, see Disease;
of evil, see Evil;
of holiness, see Holiness;
of the holiness temporarily seated in the ruling sovereign, ii. –610, sq.;
of magic virtue ascribed to sacrificial victims, i. , –447, ii. , sq.;
of magic virtue, by sexual intercourse, i. , ii. –446, ;
by eating or by contact, ii. –564, , , ;
of merits, see Merits;
of qualities inherent in animals, men, or man–gods, by eating their flesh or drinking their blood, ii. , , , –564;
of sin, see Sin;
of the souls of divine kings, ii. , , sq.;
of virtue, see Virtue
Transmigration of human souls, into animals, ii. , , , , , , , , , , sq.;
into trees, ii.
Treason, punishment of, i. –48, –189, , ii. ;
judicial torture in cases of, i.
Trees, revenge taken upon, i. , , –263;
transmigration of human souls into, ii.
Tribe, the, ii. , –219, sq.
Tribes, associations of, ii. sq.
Tribunals among savages, i. –175
Truce of God, the, i. sq.
Truth and good faith, regard for, ch. xxx. sq. (ii. –136);
gods as guardians of, ii. , –123, , , , , –677, , , , , –705, , , , , ,
Turtle, abstinence from eating, ii. ,
Twilight, prohibition of eating, travelling, and sleeping during, ii.
Twins, i. , , ,
ULTIMOGENITURE, ii. , ,
Unbelief, ii. –646, ;
as a subject of moral judgment, i. ;
considered a legitimate cause of war, i. , –352, ;
the right to bodily integrity influenced by, i. ;
a cause of uncharitableness, i. , ;
a ground for enslaving captives, i. , ;
the valuation of theft or robbery influenced by, ii. , ;
does not justify breach of faith, ii. ;
a legitimate ground for deceiving an enemy, ii. ;
a bar to intermarriage, ii. sq.;
homosexual practices associated with, ii. –489;
the right to life influenced by, ii. ;
the future state influenced by, ii. –721, –727
Unchastity, ch. xlii. sq. (ii. –489);
of unmarried persons, supposed to incur divine punishment, i. , ii. ;
forbidden to priests and priestesses, ii. –409, –414, sq.;
to monks and nuns, ii. , ;
to persons who wish to become priests or priestesses, ii. ;
supposed to injure the harvest, ii. , ;
celibacy a cause of, ii.
Uncle, children in the power of their maternal, i. sq.
Uncleanliness, ii. –356
Uncleanness. See Pollution
Unearned income, ii. sq.
Unintentional injuries, i. –240, , , , ii. ;
benefits, i. sq.
Unnatural love. See Homosexual love
Usucapio, ii.
VAMPIRES, i. , ii. ,
Veal, considered unwholesome, ii.
Vegetarianism, ii. –338,
Venison, abstinence from, ii.
Veracity. See Truth, regard for
Vermin, revenge taken upon, i. , , ;
regard for, ii. , , sq.
Vestal virgins, i. , , ii. , , sq.
“Vice,” analysis of the concept, i.
Village communities, ii. –202, , , ,
Violent death, the future state of persons who have died a, i. sq., ii. –239,
Virginity, required of priestesses, ii. –408;
religious veneration of, –411, ;
not required of a bride, ii. –424, , , –446;
required of unmarried women, ii. –442;
the preference given by men to, ii. –437,
“Virtue,” analysis of the concept, i. –150
Virtue, transference of, i.
Vivisection, ii. , ,
Volitions, as subjects of moral judgments, i. –210;
as a source of non-moral retributive emotions, i. –319
—— absence of, a subject of moral judgment, i. –214;
a cause of non-moral retributive emotions, i. –319
WAGER of battle, i. , – 507
War, i. –382;
provoked by a homicide, i. ;
humanity towards enemies in, i. , , –344, , , , ii. ;
private, i. –358;
human sacrifices offered in, i. , , 447 n. 5, ;
ending in a duel, i. sq.;
destruction of property in, ii. sq.;
seizure of property in, ii. , , , sq.;
deceit in, ii. , –108, ;
the future state of persons who have fallen in, ii. , , , , , ;
burial of persons who have fallen in, ii. ;
considered a nobler occupation than labour, ii. –274, , ;
fasting after a reverse in, ii. ;
a cause of polygyny, ii. , ;
prevalence of homosexual love among peoples addicted to, ii. , ,
War, prisoners of, treatment of, i. , , ;
sacrificed to gods, i. , , , , ;
to the dead, i. , ;
bodily injuries inflicted upon, i. sq.;
enslaved, i. , , , –686, –691, , , ;
ransom accepted for, i. ;
eaten, ii. , ,
Water, human sacrifices offered for the purpose of getting drinking, i. sq.
White men, atrocities committed by, among coloured peoples, i. sq.;
coloured persons not accepted as witnesses against, i. ;
their demoralising influence upon savages, i. , , sq., ii. , –129, , ;
injuries inflicted by coloured persons upon, i. sq.;
prohibited from marrying coloured persons, i. ;
looked down upon by savages, ii. sq.;
taken for spirits, ii.
Widowers, suicide committed by, ii. , , sq.;
fasting of, ii. –301;
second marriages of, prohibited or condemned, ii. ,
Widows, sacrifice of, i. –474, ii. sq.;
suicide committed by, i. sq., ii. , , , , , , ;
prohibited from remarrying, i. , ii. sq.;
rules of inheritance relating to, ii. , sq.;
fasting of, ii. –301;
priests forbidden to marry, ii. ,
Will, the, as the subject of moral judgment, ch. ix. (i. –248), i. –216, –314;
as a cause of non-moral retributive emotions, i. , .
See Free-will
Wills, ii. , ;
the sacredness attached to, ii. , ,
Wine, superstitious notions concerning, i. , , ii. , , sq.;
prohibition of, ii. –345;
after a death, ii. , ;
in honour of the sun, ii.
Wishes, deliberate, as subjects of moral judgments, i. sq.
Witchcraft, ii. –652;
punishment of, i. , , , , ii. –652.
See Magic
Witches, lunatics burned as, i. ;
old women regarded as, i. ;
addicted to homosexual practices, ii. 484 n. 1;
the custom of swimming, ii. .
See Witchcraft
Wives, the subjection of, ch. xxvi. (i. –669);
punished if convicted of a design to kill their husbands, i. ;
crimes committed by, in the presence of their husbands, i. ;
husbands killing their, i. , , ;
killing their husbands, i. sq.;
acquired by duels, i. , , ;
husbands inflicting bodily injuries upon their, i. –516, ;
the duty of husbands to protect and support their, i. –529, sq.;
lending of, to guests or others, i. , , ii. ;
cursed by their husbands, i. ;
sold as slaves by their husbands, i. , ;
proprietary rights and incapacities of, i. , –641, , , , ii. –31, , ;
belief in a mysterious bond of sympathy between husbands and, ii. ;
suicide committed by husbands on the death of their, ii. , , sq.;
fasting of husbands on the death of their, ii. –301;
adultery committed by, ii. , –455;
of gods, ii. –414;
priests forbidden to marry divorced, ii. ;
exchange of, ii. ;
eaten by their husbands, ii. .
See Conjugal affection, Marriage, Widows
Wizards. See Magicians
Wolf’s flesh, abstinence from, ii. , ,
Women, the position of, ch. xxvi. (i. –669);
rape committed upon, i. , , , , , ii. , , , ;
punished by being burned alive, i. ;
treatment of, in war, i. , , , , sq.;
killing of, i. –421;
not allowed to be beaten, i. ;
the evil eye of, i. ;
regarded as versed in magic, especially when old, i. , –668;
the occupations of, i. –637;
the sexual impulse of, i. sq., ii. ;
ideas held about, i. –669, ii. ;
the future state of, i. sq., ii. ;
of such as have died in child-birth, ii. 238 n. 3, ;
menstruous, i. ; ii. 307 n. 2, 538 n. 2, ;
regarded as unclean, i. –666, ii. 538 n. 2;
forbidden to enter sacred places, i. , , ii. ;
to offer sacrifices, i. sq.;
to pray, i. , 667 n. 1;
curses of, i. ;
serving as asylums, i. sq.;
proprietary rights and incapacities of, i. , ii. –30, , ;
rules of inheritance relating to, ii. , , , , ;
addicted to falsehood, ii. , ;
to suicide, ii. ;
politeness to, ii. ;
certain foods forbidden to, ii. sq.;
celibacy and continence of religious, ii. –414, –421;
married to gods, ii. –414;
chastity of unmarried, i. , ii. –446, ;
coyness of, ii. sq.;
homosexual practices between, ii. , , ;
the lack of accessible women a cause of homosexual practices between men, ii. sq.;
their mental inferiority a cause of pederasty, ii. sq.;
treatment of the dead bodies of, ii. , , ;
forbidden to eat human flesh, ii. , 555 n., , ;
refuge denied to kidnappers of, ii. .
See Daughters, Mother, Wives, Widows
Work. See Labour
World, renunciation of the, ii. –363
“Wrong,” analysis of the concept, i.
YOUNG PERSONS, certain foods forbidden to, ii. sq.
See Children, young