The Life of Jesus Critically Examined / (4th ed.)

by David Friedrich Strauss

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Contents

  1. To the Present Edition,
  2. To the First German Edition
  3. To the Fourth German Edition
  4. Inevitable Rise of Different Modes of Explaining Sacred Histories
  5. Different Explanations of Sacred Legends Among the Greeks
  6. Allegorical Interpretations Among the Hebrews.—Philo
  7. Allegorical Interpretations Among the Christians.—Origen
  8. Transition to More Modern Times.—Deists and Naturalists of the 17Th and 18Th Centuries.—The Wolfenbüttel Fragmentist
  9. Natural Mode of Explanation Adopted by the Rationalists.—Eichhorn.—Paulus
  10. Moral Interpretation of Kant
  11. Rise of the Mythical Mode of Interpreting the Sacred History, in Reference First to the Old Testament
  12. The Mythical Mode of Interpretation in Reference to the New Testament
  13. The Notion of the Mythus in Its Application to Sacred Histories Not Clearly Apprehended by Theologians
  14. The Application of the Notion of the Mythus Too Circumscribed
  15. Opposition to the Mythical View of the Gospel History
  16. The Possibility of the Existence of Mythi in the New Testament Considered in Reference to the External Evidences
  17. The Possibility of Mythi in the New Testament Considered on Internal Grounds
  18. Definition of the Evangelical Mythus and Its Distinctive Characteristics
  19. Criteria by Which to Distinguish the Unhistorical in the Gospel Narrative
  20. Account Given by Luke. Immediate, Supernatural Character of the Representation
  21. Natural Explanation of the Narrative
  22. Mythical View of the Narrative in Its Different Stages
  23. The Two Genealogies of Jesus Considered Separately and Irrespectively of One Another
  24. Comparison of the Two Genealogies—Attempt to Reconcile Their Contradictions
  25. The Genealogies Unhistorical
  26. Sketch of the Different Canonical and Apocryphal Accounts
  27. Disagreements of the Canonical Gospels in Relation to the Form of the Annunciation
  28. Import of the Angel’s Message.—Fulfilment of the Prophecy of Isaiah
  29. Jesus Begotten of the Holy Ghost. Criticism of the Orthodox Opinion
  30. Retrospect of the Genealogies
  31. Natural Explanation of the History of the Conception
  32. History of the Conception of Jesus Viewed as a Mythus
  33. Relation of Joseph to Mary—Brothers of Jesus
  34. Visit of Mary to Elizabeth
  35. The Census
  36. Particular Circumstances of the Birth of Jesus. The Circumcision
  37. The Magi and Their Star. The Flight Into Egypt and the Murder of the Children in Bethlehem. Criticism of the Supranaturalistic View
  38. Attempts at a Natural Explanation of the History of the Magi. Transition to the Mythical Explanation
  39. The Purely Mythical Explanation of the Narrative Concerning the Magi, and of the Events with Which It Is Connected
  40. Chronological Relation Between the Visit of the Magi, Together with the Flight Into Egypt, and the Presentation in the Temple Recorded by Luke
  41. The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple
  42. Retrospect. Difference Between Matthew and Luke as to the Original Residence of the Parents of Jesus
  43. Jesus, When Twelve Years Old, in the Temple
  44. This Narrative Also Mythical
  45. On the External Life of Jesus Up to the Time of His Public Appearance
  46. The Intellectual Development of Jesus
  47. Chronological Relations Between John and Jesus
  48. Appearance and Design of the Baptist. His Personal Relations with Jesus
  49. Was Jesus Acknowledged by John as the Messiah? And in What Sense?
  50. Opinion of the Evangelists and Jesus Concerning the Baptist, with His Own Judgment on Himself. Result of the Inquiry Into the Relationship Between These Two Individuals
  51. The Execution of John the Baptist
  52. Why Did Jesus Receive Baptism from John?
  53. The Scene at the Baptism of Jesus Considered as Supernatural and as Natural
  54. An Attempt at a Criticism and Mythical Interpretation of the Narratives
  55. Relation of the Supernatural at the Baptism of Jesus to the Supernatural in His Conception
  56. Place and Time of the Temptation of Jesus. Divergencies of the Evangelists on This Subject
  57. The History of the Temptation Conceived in the Sense of the Evangelists
  58. The Temptation Considered as a Natural Occurrence Either Internal or External; And Also as a Parable
  59. The History of the Temptation as a Mythus
  60. Difference Between the Synoptical Writers and John, as to the Customary Scene of the Ministry of Jesus
  61. The Residence of Jesus at Capernaum
  62. Divergencies of the Evangelists as to the Chronology of the Life of Jesus. Duration of His Public Ministry
  63. The Attempts at a Chronological Arrangement of the Particular Events in the Public Life of Jesus
  64. Jesus, the Son of Man
  65. How Soon Did Jesus Conceive Himself to Be the Messiah, and Find Recognition as Such from Others?
  66. Jesus, the Son of God
  67. The Divine Mission and Authority of Jesus. His Pre-Existence
  68. The Messianic Plan of Jesus. Indications of a Political Element
  69. Data for the Pure Spirituality of the Messianic Plan of Jesus. Balance
  70. The Relation of Jesus to the Mosaic Law
  71. Scope of the Messianic Plan of Jesus. Relation to the Gentiles
  72. Relation of the Messianic Plan of Jesus to the Samaritans. His Interview with the Woman of Samaria
  73. Calling of the First Companions of Jesus. Difference Between the First Two Evangelists and the Fourth
  74. Peter’s Draught of Fishes
  75. Calling of Matthew. Connexion of Jesus with the Publicans
  76. The Twelve Apostles
  77. The Twelve Considered Individually. The Three or Four Most Confidential Disciples of Jesus
  78. The Rest of the Twelve, and the Seventy Disciples
  79. The Sermon on the Mount
  80. Instructions to the Twelve. Lamentations Over the Galilean Cities. Joy Over the Calling of the Simple
  81. The Parables
  82. Miscellaneous Instructions and Controversies of Jesus
  83. Conversation of Jesus with Nicodemus
  84. The Discourses of Jesus, John V.–XII
  85. Isolated Maxims of Jesus, Common to the Fourth Gospel and the Synoptical Ones
  86. The Modern Discussions on the Authenticity of the Discourses in the Gospel of John. Result
  87. General Comparison of the Manner of Narration That Distinguishes the Several Evangelists
  88. Isolated Groups of Anecdotes. Imputation of a League with Beelzebub, and Demand of a Sign
  89. Visit of the Mother and Brethren of Jesus. The Woman Who Pronounces the Mother of Jesus Blessed
  90. Contentions for Pre-Eminence Among the Disciples. The Love of Jesus for Children
  91. The Purification of the Temple
  92. Narratives of the Anointing of Jesus by a Woman
  93. The Narratives of the Woman Taken in Adultery, and of Mary and Martha
  94. Jesus Considered as a Worker of Miracles
  95. The Demoniacs, Considered Generally
  96. Cases of the Expulsion of Demons by Jesus, Considered Singly
  97. Cures of Lepers
  98. Cures of the Blind
  99. Cures of Paralytics. Did Jesus Regard Diseases as Punishments?
  100. Involuntary Cures
  101. Cures at a Distance
  102. Cures on the Sabbath
  103. Resuscitations of the Dead
  104. Anecdotes Having Relation to the Sea
  105. The Miraculous Multiplication of the Loaves and Fishes
  106. Jesus Turns Water Into Wine
  107. Jesus Curses a Barren Fig-Tree
  108. The Transfiguration of Jesus Considered as a Miraculous External Event
  109. The Natural Explanation of the Narrative in Various Forms
  110. The History of the Transfiguration Considered as a Mythus
  111. Diverging Accounts Concerning the Last Journey of Jesus to Jerusalem
  112. Divergencies of the Gospels, in Relation to the Point from Which Jesus Made His Entrance Into Jerusalem
  113. More Particular Circumstances of the Entrance. Its Object and Historical Reality
  114. Did Jesus in Precise Terms Predict His Passion and Death?
  115. The Predictions of Jesus Concerning His Death in General; Their Relation to the Jewish Idea of the Messiah: Declarations of Jesus Concerning the Object and Effects of His Death
  116. Precise Declarations of Jesus Concerning His Future Resurrection
  117. Figurative Discourses, in Which Jesus Is Supposed to Have Announced His Resurrection
  118. The Discourses of Jesus on His Second Advent. Criticism of the Different Interpretations
  119. Origin of the Discourses on the Second Advent
  120. Development of the Relation of Jesus to His Enemies
  121. Jesus and His Betrayer
  122. Different Opinions Concerning the Character of Judas, and the Motives of His Treachery
  123. Preparation for the Passover
  124. Divergent Statements Respecting the Time of the Last Supper
  125. Divergencies in Relation to the Occurrences at the Last Meal of Jesus
  126. Announcement of the Betrayal and the Denial
  127. The Institution of the Lord’s Supper
  128. Agony of Jesus in the Garden
  129. Relation of the Fourth Gospel to the Events in Gethsemane. The Farewell Discourses in John, and the Scene Following the Announcement of the Greeks
  130. Arrest of Jesus
  131. Examination of Jesus Before the High Priest
  132. The Denial of Peter
  133. The Death of the Betrayer
  134. Jesus Before Pilate and Herod
  135. The Crucifixion
  136. Prodigies Attendant on the Death of Jesus
  137. The Wound by a Spear in the Side of Jesus
  138. Burial of Jesus
  139. The Watch at the Grave of Jesus
  140. First Tidings of the Resurrection
  141. Appearances of the Risen Jesus in Galilee and in Judea, Including Those Mentioned by Paul and by Apocryphal Writings
  142. Quality of the Body and Life of Jesus After the Resurrection
  143. Debates Concerning the Reality of the Death and Resurrection of Jesus
  144. The Last Commands and Promises of Jesus
  145. The So-Called Ascension Considered as a Supernatural and as a Natural Event
  146. Insufficiency of the Narratives of the Ascension. Mythical Conception of Those Narratives
  147. Necessary Transition from Criticism to Dogma
  148. The Christology of the Orthodox System
  149. Objections to the Christology of the Church
  150. The Christology of Rationalism
  151. The Eclectic Christology of Schleiermacher
  152. Christology Interpreted Symbolically. Kant. De Wette
  153. The Speculative Christology
  154. Last Dilemma
  155. Relation of the Critical and Speculative Theology to the Church
  156. Corrections

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