Transportation

SECTION I 101

Exile—Roman custom—abjuring the realm—Spaniards the first who transported—practice in the time of Elizabeth—James—Charles the second—James the second—George the first—America—kidnapping— America resists—numbers transported.

SECTION II 106

State of English gaols—Howard—labor bill.

SECTION III 108

Bentham's project—New South Wales occupied.

SECTION IV 111

Voyage—surgeon-superintendents—convict ship—treatment of women—abuses—systems of management—Dr. Reid—Cunningham—Browning—general safety of convict vessels—loss of the George the Third—the Neva—the Governor Phillip.

SECTION V 123

Early difficulties of convict management—assignment established—disposal of the prisoners.

SECTION VI 129

Origin of bushranging—Howe—his career.

SECTION VII 138

Habits of convict population—1824.

SECTION VIII 143

The colonies re-act on each other—N. S. Wales—state of Parramatta—rocks—allurements of transportation—Macquarie's views—wealth and claims of emancipists—Biggs's views—pardons—emancipists form associations—petition parliament—their alleged reformation—Bigge's commission—Macquarie's recall—character—Rev. S. Marsden.

SECTION IX 172

Bigge's recommendations—his reports—Macquarie Harbor—emigration proposed—demand for labor.

SECTION X 186

Land granted to settlers employing convicts—large immigration of capitalists.

SECTION XI 188

Assignment established in America—debarkation of prisoners—their identification—curious practice—law of assignment—transfer of servants.

SECTION XII 194

Escapes from Macquarie Harbor—Brady—executions—state of colony—causes of bushranging.

SECTION XIII 214

Macquarie Harbor—visit of Backhouse and Walker—seizure of the Cyprus—Frederic—Badger

SECTION XIV 222

Escape of prisoners—seek for China—curious narrative—the Young Lachlan seized—penalty of escape.

SECTION XV 228

Arthur's principles of penal government—number reclaimable—Arthur's system—view of the real state of prisoners—representation of society—of transportation—idea of New South Wales at home—writings of Archbishop Whately—Mr. Secretary Stanley's "certain and severe" system—tickets-of-leave.

SECTION XVI 240

Disposal of mechanics and specials—convict clerks—wives of prisoners—Savary—Port Arthur—Boothe's system—Point Puer—young convicts.

SECTION XVII 248

Views of ministers—certain severe system—conduct of
overseers—retaliation—executions—effects of immigration—colonial protests—curious contrast.

SECTION XVIII 255

Convict system of New South Wales—Governor Bourke—corporal punishment—Major Mudie—Watt—abuses—Burton's charge—its effect—Molesworth's motion.

SECTION XIX 263

Franklin's appointment—Maconochie's commission—his reports—his
opinions—his system—board refute him—different sources of his system—Dr. Henderson's scheme.

SECTION XX 274

Remarks on Maconochie's system—partly erroneous—useful results of assignment—Franklin's opinions.

SECTION XXI 278

Sir Wm. Molesworth's committee—stoppage of transportation to New South Wales—Archbishop Wheately's opinions—Bourke's views—exaggerations—Captain Wood—remonstrance—new plan for Norfolk Island—Maconochie appointed commandant—his mark system—the birthday—the Governor Phillip seized—failure of his system—opinions of Sir G. Gipps—of Captain Forster.

SECTION XXII 291

Lord John Russell's plan—Sir Wm. Molesworth's proposal to anticipate the land fund—Mr. Innes's pamphlet—resolutions of the Commons—Captain Montagu's visit to England—assignment stopped—gangs formed—evils—Franklin's representations.

SECTION XXIII 294

Lord Stanley's probation system—effects at Norfolk Island—insurrection—murders—Major Childs—cruelties—Earl Grey's orders.

SECTION XXIV 305

System in Van Diemen's Land—large arrivals—incompetent officers—errors on which the system-was founded—Lord Stanley's defiance of the settlers—re-emigration—hiring depôts—representations of Forster—Hampton—Boyd—Fry—crimes increase—laxity of discipline—Mr. Bishton's views—North Australia—Mr. Latrobe—his representations—ticket system.

SECTION XXV 318

Treatment of female prisoners—their transportation a great evil—numbers—Sir G. Murray's scheme.

SECTION XXVI 321

Lord Stanley's directions for the disposal of women—Mrs. Bowden—married female prisoners.

SECTION XXVII 323

Views of transportation often governed by interest—old system—incompatible objects sought—frequent changes—every theory contradicted by results—Arthur's opinion—progress from 1830—capital expended—value of convict labor—sacrifices of the settlers—effects of transportation—public works—numbers transported—character of convicts—repetition of crimes—views of statesmen—moral effects of transportation—cause of opposition to transportation.

CONCLUSION 339

History of Tasmania a type of the Australasian world--early despotism unavoidable--American and Australian colonists--the despotism moderated by home associations--by the press--the union of the colonists--advances of liberty at home--changes required--advantages of the connection with Great Britain--its dangers--federal government--importance of political influence--social state--wonderful prospects--resources--position--exports--gold discovery--the happiness of the people in their own power.

ALPHABETICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CHIEF PLACES IN TASMANIA 355