Preface

In writing this little book the author believes he is supplying a want which most Students and Dyers of Cotton Fabrics have felt—that of a small handbook clearly describing the various processes and operations of the great industry of dyeing Cotton.

The aim has not been to produce a very elaborate treatise but rather a book of a convenient size, and in order to do so it has been necessary to be brief and to omit many matters that would rightfully find a place in a larger treatise, but the author hopes that nothing of importance has been omitted. The most modern processes have been described in some detail; care has been taken to select those which experience shows to be thoroughly reliable and to give good results.

FRANKLIN BEECH.

May, 1901.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

CHAPTER I.

STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE COTTON FIBRE

Action of Alkalies

Action of Acids on Cellulose

Action of Sulphuric Acid on Cotton

Action of Hydrochloric Acid

Action of Nitric Acid

Action of Oxidising Agents on Cellulose or Cotton

CHAPTER II.

SCOURING AND BLEACHING OF COTTON

Stains and Damages in Bleached Goods

CHAPTER III.

DYEING MACHINERY AND DYEING MANIPULATIONS

Hand Dyeing

Dyeing Machines

Dyeing, Slubbing, Sliver or Carded Cotton and Wool

Cop Dyeing

CHAPTER IV.

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF COTTON DYEING

(1) Direct Dyeing

(2) Direct Dyeing followed by Fixation with Metallic Salts

(3) Direct Dyeing followed by Fixation with Developers

(4) Direct Dyeing followed by Fixation with Couplers

(5) Dyeing on Tannic Mordant

(6) Dyeing on Metallic Mordants

(7) Production of Colour Direct upon Cotton Fibres

(8) Dyeing Cotton by Impregnation with Dye-stuff Solution

CHAPTER V.

DYEING UNION (MIXED COTTON AND WOOL) FABRICS

CHAPTER VI.

DYEING HALF SILK (COTTON-SILK, SATIN) FABRICS

Method of Dyeing

CHAPTER VII.

OPERATIONS FOLLOWING DYEING

Washing, Soaping, Drying

CHAPTER VIII.

TESTING OF THE COLOUR OF DYED FABRICS

CHAPTER IX.

EXPERIMENTAL DYEING AND COMPARATIVE DYE TESTING

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG. PAGE

1. Cotton Fibre

1A. Cross-section of Cotton Fibre

2. Mercerised Cotton Fibre

2A. Cross-section of Mercerised Cotton Fibre

3. Silkified Cotton Fibre

3A. Cross-section of Silkified Cotton Fibre

4. Mather & Platt's Low-pressure Bleaching Kier

5. Mather & Platt's Yarn-bleaching Kier

6. Rectangular Dye-tank

7. Round Dye-tub

8. Section of Dye-vat

9. Delahunty's Dyeing Machine

10. Obermaier Dyeing Machine

11. Holliday's Yarn-dyeing Machine

12. Klauder-Weldon Dyeing Machine

13. Graemiger Cop-dyeing Machine

14. Graemiger Cop-dyeing Machine

15. Beaumont's Cop-dyeing Machine

16. Warp-dyeing Machine

17. Warp-dyeing Machine

18. Dye-jiggers

19. Dye-jigger

20. Jig Wince

21. Cloth-dyeing Machine

22. Dye Beck

23. Holliday's Machine for Hawking Cloth

24. Continuous Dyeing Machine

25. Padding Machine

26. Padding Machine

27. Dye-tub for Paranitroaniline Red

28. Padding Machine for Paranitroaniline Red

29. Developing Machine for Paranitroaniline Red

30. Indigo Dye-vat for Cloth

31. Squeezing Rollers

32. Yarn-washing Machine

33. Dye-house Washing Machine

34. Cloth-washing Machine

35. Cloth-washing Machine

36. Washing and Soaping Vats

37. Steaming Cottage

38. Steaming and Ageing Chamber

39. Hydro-extractor

40. Hydro-extractor

41. Automatic Yarn-dryer

42. Truck Yarn-dryer

43. Drying Cylinders

44. Experimental Dye-bath