← The 2008 CIA World Factbook, Volume 5
Chapter 7
ZWD (part 7)
Malta
$188.8 million (2005)
Marshall Islands
$86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)
Mauritania
NA
Mauritius
$2.149 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Mayotte
$NA
Mexico
$179.8 billion (31 December 2007)
Micronesia, Federated States of
$60.8 million (FY05 est.)
Moldova
$3.3 billion (31 December 2007)
Monaco
$18 billion (2000 est.)
Mongolia
$1.438 billion (2007)
Montenegro
$650 million (2006)
Montserrat
$8.9 million (1997)
Morocco
$19.91 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Mozambique
$4.189 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Namibia
$1.003 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Nauru
$33.3 million (2002)
Nepal
$3.07 billion (March 2006)
Netherlands
$2.277 trillion (30 June 2007)
Netherlands Antilles
$2.68 billion (2004)
New Caledonia
$79 million (1998 est.)
New Zealand
$51.44 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Nicaragua
$3.341 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Niger
$2.1 billion (2003 est.)
Nigeria
$8.007 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Niue
$418,000 (2002 est.)
Norfolk Island
$NA
Northern Mariana Islands
$NA
Norway
$469.1 billion; note - Norway is a net external creditor (30
June 2007)
Oman
$5.297 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Pakistan
$38.8 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Palau
$0 (FY99/00)
Panama
$10.45 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea
$1.646 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Paraguay
$3.492 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Peru
$32.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Philippines
$61.78 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Poland
$169.8 billion (31 December 2007)
Portugal
$461.2 billion (31 December 2007)
Puerto Rico
$NA
Qatar
$33.09 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Romania
$74.54 billion (31 December 2007)
Russia
$356.5 billion (31 December 2007)
Rwanda
$1.4 billion (2004 est.)
Saint Helena
$NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis
$314 million (2004)
Saint Lucia
$257 million (2004)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$223 million (2004)
Samoa
$177 million (2004)
San Marino
$NA
Sao Tome and Principe
$318 million (2002)
Saudi Arabia
$58.6 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Senegal
$2.19 billion (31 December 2007)
Serbia
$26.24 billion (includes debt for Montenegro and Kosovo)
(2007 est.)
Seychelles
$1.059 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sierra Leone
$1.61 billion (2003 est.)
Singapore
$25.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Slovakia
$36.63 billion (31 December 2007)
Slovenia
$40.42 billion (30 June 2007)
Solomon Islands
$166 million (2004)
Somalia
$3 billion (2001 est.)
South Africa
$39.78 billion (31 December 2007)
Spain
$1.084 trillion (30 June 2007 est.)
Sri Lanka
$12.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Sudan
$29.42 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Suriname
$504.3 million (2005 est.)
Swaziland
$524 million (31 December 2007 est.)
Sweden
$598.2 billion (30 June 2006)
Switzerland
$1.34 trillion (30 June 2007)
Syria
$6.633 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Taiwan
$97.85 billion (31 December 2007)
Tajikistan
$1.56 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tanzania
$4.382 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Thailand
$59.52 billion (31 December 2007)
Togo
$2 billion (2005)
Tonga
$80.7 million (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago
$2.869 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Tunisia
$19.27 billion (December 2007)
Turkey
$247.1 billion (31 December 2007)
Turkmenistan
$1.4 billion to $5 billion (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
$NA
Tuvalu
$NA
Uganda
$1.498 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Ukraine
$69.04 billion (31 December 2007)
United Arab Emirates
$61.68 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
United Kingdom
$10.45 trillion (30 June 2007)
United States
$12.25 trillion (30 June 2007)
Uruguay
$11.42 billion (31 December 2007)
Uzbekistan
$3.927 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vanuatu
$81.2 million (2004)
Venezuela
$43.33 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Vietnam
$21.83 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Virgin Islands
$NA
Wallis and Futuna
$3.67 million (2004)
West Bank
$NA
Western Sahara
$NA
World
$51.78 trillion
note: this figure is the sum total of all countries' external debt,
both public and private (2004 est.)
Yemen
$6.044 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zambia
$2.596 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Zimbabwe
$5.155 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2080 Fiscal year
Afghanistan
21 March - 20 March
Albania
calendar year
Algeria
calendar year
American Samoa
1 October - 30 September
Andorra
calendar year
Angola
calendar year
Anguilla
1 April - 31 March
Antigua and Barbuda
1 April - 31 March
Argentina
calendar year
Armenia
calendar year
Aruba
calendar year
Australia
1 July - 30 June
Austria
calendar year
Azerbaijan
calendar year
Bahamas, The
1 July - 30 June
Bahrain
calendar year
Bangladesh
1 July - 30 June
Barbados
1 April - 31 March
Belarus
calendar year
Belgium
calendar year
Belize
1 April - 31 March
Benin
calendar year
Bermuda
1 April - 31 March
Bhutan
1 July - 30 June
Bolivia
calendar year
Bosnia and Herzegovina
calendar year
Botswana
1 April - 31 March
Brazil
calendar year
British Virgin Islands
1 April - 31 March
Brunei
1 April - 31 March
Bulgaria
calendar year
Burkina Faso
calendar year
Burma
1 April - 31 March
Burundi
calendar year
Cambodia
calendar year
Cameroon
1 July - 30 June
Canada
1 April - 31 March
Cape Verde
calendar year
Cayman Islands
1 April - 31 March
Central African Republic
calendar year
Chad
calendar year
Chile
calendar year
China
calendar year
Christmas Island
1 July - 30 June
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1 July - 30 June
Colombia
calendar year
Comoros
calendar year
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
calendar year
Congo, Republic of the
calendar year
Cook Islands
1 April - 31 March
Costa Rica
calendar year
Cote d'Ivoire
calendar year
Croatia
calendar year
Cuba
calendar year
Cyprus
calendar year
Czech Republic
calendar year
Denmark
calendar year
Djibouti
calendar year
Dominica
1 July - 30 June
Dominican Republic
calendar year
Ecuador
calendar year
Egypt
1 July - 30 June
El Salvador
calendar year
Equatorial Guinea
calendar year
Eritrea
calendar year
Estonia
calendar year
Ethiopia
8 July - 7 July
European Union
NA
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1 April - 31 March
Faroe Islands
calendar year
Fiji
calendar year
Finland
calendar year
France
calendar year
French Polynesia
calendar year
Gabon
calendar year
Gambia, The
calendar year
Gaza Strip
calendar year
Georgia
calendar year
Germany
calendar year
Ghana
calendar year
Gibraltar
1 July - 30 June
Greece
calendar year
Greenland
calendar year
Grenada
calendar year
Guam
1 October - 30 September
Guatemala
calendar year
Guernsey
calendar year
Guinea
calendar year
Guinea-Bissau
calendar year
Guyana
calendar year
Haiti
1 October - 30 September
Holy See (Vatican City)
calendar year
Honduras
calendar year
Hong Kong
1 April - 31 March
Hungary
calendar year
Iceland
calendar year
India
1 April - 31 March
Indonesia
calendar year
Iran
21 March - 20 March
Iraq
calendar year
Ireland
calendar year
Isle of Man
1 April - 31 March
Israel
calendar year
Italy
calendar year
Jamaica
1 April - 31 March
Japan
1 April - 31 March
Jersey
1 April - 31 March
Jordan
calendar year
Kazakhstan
calendar year
Kenya
1 July - 30 June
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
calendar year
Korea, South
calendar year
Kuwait
1 April - 31 March
Kyrgyzstan
calendar year
Laos
1 October - 30 September
Latvia
calendar year
Lebanon
calendar year
Lesotho
1 April - 31 March
Liberia
calendar year
Libya
calendar year
Liechtenstein
calendar year
Lithuania
calendar year
Luxembourg
calendar year
Macau
calendar year
Macedonia
calendar year
Madagascar
calendar year
Malawi
1 July - 30 June
Malaysia
calendar year
Maldives
calendar year
Mali
calendar year
Malta
calendar year
Marshall Islands
1 October - 30 September
Mauritania
calendar year
Mauritius
1 July - 30 June
Mayotte
calendar year
Mexico
calendar year
Micronesia, Federated States of
1 October - 30 September
Moldova
calendar year
Monaco
calendar year
Mongolia
calendar year
Montenegro
calendar year
Montserrat
1 April - 31 March
Morocco
calendar year
Mozambique
calendar year
Namibia
1 April - 31 March
Nauru
1 July - 30 June
Nepal
16 July - 15 July
Netherlands
calendar year
Netherlands Antilles
calendar year
New Caledonia
calendar year
New Zealand 1 April - 31 March note: this is the fiscal year for tax purposes
Nicaragua
calendar year
Niger
calendar year
Nigeria
calendar year
Niue
1 April - 31 March
Norfolk Island
1 July - 30 June
Northern Mariana Islands
1 October - 30 September
Norway
calendar year
Oman
calendar year
Pakistan
1 July - 30 June
Palau
1 October - 30 September
Panama
calendar year
Papua New Guinea
calendar year
Paraguay
calendar year
Peru
calendar year
Philippines
calendar year
Pitcairn Islands
1 April - 31 March
Poland
calendar year
Portugal
calendar year
Puerto Rico
1 July - 30 June
Qatar
1 April - 31 March
Romania
calendar year
Russia
calendar year
Rwanda
calendar year
Saint Helena
1 April - 31 March
Saint Kitts and Nevis
calendar year
Saint Lucia
1 April - 31 March
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
calendar year
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
calendar year
Samoa
June 1 - May 31
San Marino
calendar year
Sao Tome and Principe
calendar year
Saudi Arabia
calendar year
Senegal
calendar year
Seychelles
calendar year
Sierra Leone
calendar year
Singapore
1 April - 31 March
Slovakia
calendar year
Slovenia
calendar year
Solomon Islands
calendar year
Somalia
NA
South Africa
1 April - 31 March
Spain
calendar year
Sri Lanka
calendar year
Sudan
calendar year
Suriname
calendar year
Swaziland
1 April - 31 March
Sweden
calendar year
Switzerland
calendar year
Syria
calendar year
Taiwan
calendar year
Tajikistan
calendar year
Tanzania
1 July - 30 June
Thailand
1 October - 30 September
Timor-Leste
calendar year
Togo
calendar year
Tokelau
1 April - 31 March
Tonga
1 July - 30 June
Trinidad and Tobago
1 October - 30 September
Tunisia
calendar year
Turkey
calendar year
Turkmenistan
calendar year
Turks and Caicos Islands
calendar year
Tuvalu
calendar year
Uganda
1 July - 30 June
Ukraine
calendar year
United Arab Emirates
calendar year
United Kingdom
6 April - 5 April
United States
1 October - 30 September
Uruguay
calendar year
Uzbekistan
calendar year
Vanuatu
calendar year
Venezuela
calendar year
Vietnam
calendar year
Virgin Islands
1 October - 30 September
Wallis and Futuna
calendar year
West Bank
calendar year
Western Sahara
calendar year
Yemen
calendar year
Zambia
calendar year
Zimbabwe
calendar year
This page was last updated on 18 November 2008
@2081 Flag description
Afghanistan
three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), red,
and green, with the national emblem in white centered on the red
band and slightly overlapping the other two bands; the center of the
emblem features a mosque with pulpit and flags on either side, below
the mosque are numerals for the solar year 1298 (1919 in the
Gregorian calendar, the year of Afghan independence from the UK);
this central image is circled by a border consisting of sheaves of
wheat on the left and right, in the upper-center is an Arabic
inscription of the Shahada (Muslim creed) below which are rays of
the rising sun over the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is
great"), and at bottom center is a scroll bearing the name
Afghanistan
Akrotiri
the flag of the UK is used
Albania
red with a black two-headed eagle in the center
Algeria
two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a
red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the
two-color boundary
note: the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of
Islam (the state religion)
American Samoa
blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is
based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and
white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying
two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a
"Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk
known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols
broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the
relationship between the United States and American Samoa
Andorra
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and
red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the
coat of arms features a quartered shield
note: similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a
national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which
does bear a national emblem
Angola
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a
centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half
a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)
Anguilla
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half
of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an
interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy
water below
Antigua and Barbuda
red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based
on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal
bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising
sun in the black band
Argentina
three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white,
and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun
with a human face known as the Sun of May
Armenia
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange
Aruba
blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the
lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the
upper hoist-side corner
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
the flag of Australia is used
Australia
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side
quadrant known as the Commonwealth or Federation Star, representing
the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star
depicts one point for each of the six original states and one
representing all of Australia's internal and external territories;
on the fly half is a representation of the Southern Cross
constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four
larger, seven-pointed stars
Austria
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red
Azerbaijan
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and
green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in
red band
Bahamas, The
three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold,
and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist
side
Bahrain
red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states,
with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side;
the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
Bangladesh
green field with a large red disk shifted slightly to the
hoist side of center; the red disk represents the rising sun and the
sacrifice to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the
lush vegetation of Bangladesh
Barbados
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and
blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the
trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the
colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)
Belarus
red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half
the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side
bears Belarusian national ornamentation in red
Belgium
three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow,
and red
note: the design was based on the flag of France
Belize
blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom
edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the
coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a
mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in
the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green
garland
Benin
two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom)
with a vertical green band on the hoist side
Bermuda
red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with
a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship
Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the
flag
Bhutan
divided diagonally from the lower hoist-side corner; the
upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered
along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing
away from the hoist side
Bolivia
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green
with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band
note: similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black
five-pointed star centered in the yellow band
Bosnia and Herzegovina
a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly
side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top
of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven
full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom
along the hypotenuse of the triangle
Botswana
light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in
the center
Bouvet Island
the flag of Norway is used
Brazil
green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a
blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each
state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the
night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with
the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)
British Indian Ocean Territory white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
British Virgin Islands
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in
the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked
on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll
bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)
Brunei
yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double
width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national
emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a
swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned
crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
Bulgaria
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red
note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white
stripe, has been removed
Burkina Faso
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with
a yellow five-pointed star in the center
note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Burma
red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
bearing 14, white, five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel
containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the seven
administrative divisions and seven states
Burundi
divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and
bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk
superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars
outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above,
two stars below)
Cambodia
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width),
and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat
outlined in black in the center of the red band
note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its
design
Cameroon
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and
yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band
note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Canada
two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width),
with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is
centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red
and white
Cape Verde
five unequal horizontal bands; the top-most band of blue
- equal to one half the width of the flag - is followed by three
bands of white, red, and white, each equal to 1/12 of the width, and
a bottom stripe of blue equal to one quarter of the flag width; a
circle of 10, yellow, five-pointed stars, each representing one of
the islands, is centered on the red stripe and positioned 3/8 of the
length of the flag from the hoist side
Cayman Islands
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms centered on the outer half
of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above
a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a
scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE
SEAS
Central African Republic
four equal horizontal bands of blue (top),
white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; a
yellow five-pointed star to the hoist side of the blue band
Chad
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red
note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of
Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms
centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
Chile
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; a blue
square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of
the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the
center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes
the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red represents the
blood spilled to achieve independence
note: design was influenced by the US flag
China
red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller
yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the
middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner
Christmas Island
territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper
hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image
of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is
blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia,
superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the
island
note: the flag of Australia is used for official purposes
Clipperton Island
the flag of France is used
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
the flag of Australia is used
Colombia
three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue,
and red
note: similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the
Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center
Comoros
four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and
blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered
within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing
the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a
line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and
the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago -
Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mahore (Mayotte - territorial
collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros)
note: the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols
of Islam
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
sky blue field divided diagonally
from the lower hoist corner to upper fly corner by a red stripe
bordered by two narrow yellow stripes; a yellow, five-pointed star
appears in the upper hoist corner
Congo, Republic of the
divided diagonally from the lower hoist side
by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the
lower triangle is red
note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Cook Islands
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for
every island) centered in the outer half of the flag
Coral Sea Islands
the flag of Australia is used
Costa Rica
five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double
width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical
disk on the hoist side of the red band; above the coat of arms a
light blue ribbon contains the words, AMERICA CENTRAL, and just
below it near the top of the coat of arms is a white ribbon with the
words, REPUBLICA COSTA RICA
Cote d'Ivoire
three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side),
white, and green
note: similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the
colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also
similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white,
and red; design was based on the flag of France
Croatia
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue
superimposed by the Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)
Cuba
five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom)
alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the
hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center
Cyprus
white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the
name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two
green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches
symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek
and Turkish communities
note: the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag has a white
field with narrow horizontal red stripes positioned a small distance
from the top and bottom edges between which is centered a red
crescent and a red five-pointed star
Czech Republic
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red
with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
note: identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia
Denmark
red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the
flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side;
the banner is referred to as the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
note: the shifted design element was subsequently adopted by the
other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden
Dhekelia
the flag of the UK is used
Djibouti
two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light
green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
Dominica
green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the
vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the
horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in
the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot
encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10
stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)
Dominican Republic
a centered white cross that extends to the edges
divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist
side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a
small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch
(left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross;
above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA,
LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA
DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon
Ecuador
three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue,
and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the
flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not
bear a coat of arms
Egypt
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;
the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side
with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the
name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; design is
based on the Arab Liberation flag and similar to the flag of Syria,
which has two green stars in the white band, Iraq, which has an
Arabic inscription centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has
a plain white band
El Salvador
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and
blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the
coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words
REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag
of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the
white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA
DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar
to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X
pattern centered in the white band
Equatorial Guinea
three equal horizontal bands of green (top),
white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist
side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of
arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and
five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton
tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ,
JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)
Eritrea
red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing
the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the
lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is
centered on the hoist side of the red triangle
Estonia
pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three
equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white
Ethiopia
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and
red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from
the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the
three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa,
and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other
African countries upon independence that they became known as the
pan-African colors
European Union
blue field with 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged
in a circle in the center, representing the union of the peoples of
Europe; the number of stars is fixed
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
Faroe Islands
white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to
the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted
toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Fiji
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the
flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered
by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm
tree, bananas, and a white dove
Finland
white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag;
the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the
style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
France
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and
red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the
origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the
design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags,
including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire,
Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French
dependent areas
French Polynesia
two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white
band; centered on the white band is a disk with a blue and white
wave pattern on the lower half and a gold and white ray pattern on
the upper half; a stylized red, blue, and white ship rides on the
wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions
French Southern and Antarctic Lands
the flag of France is used
Gabon
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue
Gambia, The
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with
white edges, and green
Georgia
white rectangle, in its central portion a red cross
connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners
is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears
to date back to the 14th century
Germany
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold
Ghana
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green
with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag
of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band
Gibraltar
two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red
with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band;
hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
Greece
nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white;
there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a
white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established
religion of the country
Greenland
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a
large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of
the disk is red, the bottom half is white
Grenada
a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top
and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a
red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed
stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in
the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the
center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the
hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer
of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven
administrative divisions
Guam
territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all
four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse
containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree
with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the
national flag
Guatemala
three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side),
white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white
band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the
national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE
SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain)
all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed
swords and framed by a wreath
Guernsey
white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of
England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed
cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross
Guinea
three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and
green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Guinea-Bissau
two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green
with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black
five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular
pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Guyana
green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist
side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow,
black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border
between the yellow and the green
Haiti
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a
centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a
palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing
the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
the flag of Australia is used
Holy See (Vatican City)
two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side)
and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed
keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara,
centered in the white band
Honduras
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue
with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered
in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former
Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El
Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words
REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white
band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a
triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and
AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band
Hong Kong
red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in
the center
Hungary
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green
Iceland
blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the
edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the
hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
India
three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange)
(top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel)
centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has
a small orange disk centered in the white band
Indonesia
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar
to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of
Poland, which is white (top) and red
Iran
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red;
the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in
the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in
the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is
repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11
times along the top edge of the red band
Iraq
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;
the Takbir (Arabic expression meaning "God is great") in green
Arabic script is centered in the white band; similar to the flag of
Syria, which has two stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain
white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin
centered in the white band; design is based upon the Arab Liberation
colors; Council of Representatives approved this flag as a
compromise temporary replacement for Ba'athist Saddam-era flag
Ireland
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and
has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green;
also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors
of green (hoist side), white, and red
Isle of Man
red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in
the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the
knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of
the flag, a two-sided emblem is used
Israel
white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as
the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal
horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag
Italy
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green
(hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the
Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side),
white, and green; inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by
Napoleon in 1797
Jamaica
diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles -
green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side)
Jan Mayen
the flag of Norway is used
Japan
white with a large red disk (representing the sun without
rays) in the center
Jersey
white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of
the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red
shield with the three lions of England in yellow
Jordan
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the
Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and
green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle
on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and
bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven
verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven
points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national
spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is
based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I
Kazakhstan
sky blue background representing the endless sky and a
gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden steppe eagle in the
center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold
Kenya
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green;
the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering
crossed spears is superimposed at the center
Kiribati
the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying
over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three
horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean
Korea, North
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple
width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side
of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star
Korea, South
white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the
center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching
(Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field
Kosovo
centered on a dark blue field is the geographical shape of
Kosovo in a gold color surmounted by six white, five-pointed stars -
each representing one of the major ethnic groups of Kosovo - arrayed
in a slight arc
Kuwait
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red
with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates
to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I
Kyrgyzstan
red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays
representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run
counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the
sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized
representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt
Laos
three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and
red with a large white disk centered in the blue band
Latvia
three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width),
and maroon
Lebanon
three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white
(middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree
centered in the white band
Lesotho
three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in
the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and
prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black
Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was
unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence
Liberia
11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue
square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the
US flag
Libya
plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the
state religion)
Liechtenstein
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with
a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band
Lithuania
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and
red
Luxembourg
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a
darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France
Macau
light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and
water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one
large in center of arc and four smaller
Macedonia
a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the
edges of the red field
Madagascar
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a
vertical white band of the same width on hoist side
Malawi
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green
with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
Malaysia
14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with
white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side
corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the
crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design
was based on the flag of the US
Maldives
red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a
vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the
hoist side of the flag
Mali
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and
red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Malta
two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the
upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross,
edged in red
Marshall Islands
blue with two stripes radiating from the lower
hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star
with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the
two stripes
Mauritania
green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow,
horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the
crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
Mauritius
four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow,
and green
Mayotte
unofficial, local flag with the coat of arms of Mayotte
centered on a white field, above which the name of the island
appears in red capital letters; the main elements of the coat of
arms, flanked on either side by a seahorse, appear above a scroll
with the motto RA HACHIRI (We are Vigilant); the only official flag
is the national flag of France
Mexico
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
red; the coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on
a cactus) is centered in the white band
Micronesia, Federated States of
light blue with four white
five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond
pattern
Moldova
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and
red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined
in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its
beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow
scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided
horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and
crescent all in black-outlined yellow; same color scheme as Romania
Monaco
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to
the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which
is white (top) and red
Mongolia
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and
red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national
emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric
representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang
symbol)
Montenegro
a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe
with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered
Montserrat
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer
half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside
a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
Morocco
red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known
as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and
green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red
is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian
gulf; design dates to 1912
Mozambique
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and
yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the
black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow
five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black
superimposed on an open white book
Namibia
a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the
flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the
upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a yellow,
12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green
Nauru
blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the
center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the
hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to
the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12
original tribes of Nauru
Navassa Island
the flag of the US is used
Nepal
red with a blue border around the unique shape of two
overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a
white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white
12-pointed sun
Netherlands
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue
and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating
with WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th
century
Netherlands Antilles
white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the
center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five
white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the
center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main
islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten
New Caledonia
the flag of France is used
New Zealand
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in
the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross
constellation
Nicaragua
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and
blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the
coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE
NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to
the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by
the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in
the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five
blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band
Niger
three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green
with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the
white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked
wheel centered in the white band
Nigeria
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
green
Niue
yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars -
a large star on a blue disk in the center and a smaller star on each
arm of the bold red cross
Norfolk Island
three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white,
and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in
the slightly wider white band
Northern Mariana Islands
blue, with a white, five-pointed star
superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional
foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a
wreath
Norway
red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the
edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the
hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Oman
three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width
with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national
emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed
swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the
vertical band
Pakistan
green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of
religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and
star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color
green are traditional symbols of Islam
Palau
light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon)
shifted slightly to the hoist side
Panama
divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are
white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and
plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and
white with a red five-pointed star in the center
Papua New Guinea
divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner;
the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise
centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed
stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered
Paraguay
three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue
with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the
emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the
left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star
within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY,
all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears
the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty
and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words
REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)
Peru
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red
with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms
features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of
quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all
framed by a green wreath
Philippines
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top; representing
peace and justice) and red (representing courage); a white
equilateral triangle based on the hoist side represents equality;
the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary
rays, each representing one of the first eight provinces that sought
independence from Spain; each corner of the triangle contains a
small, yellow, five-pointed star representing the three major
geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao;
the design of the flag dates to 1897; in wartime the flag is flown
upside down with the red band at the top
Pitcairn Islands
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered
on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green,
and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor
Poland
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to
the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white
Portugal
two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and
red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the
dividing line
Puerto Rico
five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist
side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design
initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag,
with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed
Qatar
maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on
the hoist side
Romania
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and
red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the
yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also
resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova
Russia
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
Rwanda
three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width),
yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end
of the blue band
Saint Barthelemy
the flag of France is used
Saint Helena
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of
the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted
sailing ship
Saint Kitts and Nevis
divided diagonally from the lower hoist side
by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the
black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the
lower triangle is red
Saint Lucia
blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black
arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border
Saint Martin
the flag of France is used
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist
side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under
the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three
parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal
cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing
the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white
background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red
background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one
above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by
colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the
flag of France is used for official occasions
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
three vertical bands of blue (hoist
side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three
green diamonds arranged in a V pattern
Samoa
red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant
bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern
Cross constellation
San Marino
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue
with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat
of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked
by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word
LIBERTAS (Liberty)
Sao Tome and Principe
three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow
(double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed
side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles
triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African
colors of Ethiopia
Saudi Arabia
green, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with the
Shahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as
"There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above a
white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design
dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with
the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932
Senegal
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow,
and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow
band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
Serbia
three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white;
charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the
hoist side
Seychelles
five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red,
white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side
Sierra Leone
three equal horizontal bands of light green (top),
white, and light blue
Singapore
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near
the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent
(closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five
white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle
Slovakia
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
superimposed with the coat of arms of Slovakia (consisting of a red
shield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorraine
surmounting three blue hills); the coat of arms is centered
vertically and offset slightly to the hoist side
Slovenia
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red,
with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav,
Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the
center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and
rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an
inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the
Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th
and early 15th centuries); the seal is in the upper hoist side of
the flag centered on the white and blue bands
Solomon Islands
divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the
lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue
with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the
lower triangle is green
Somalia
light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the
center; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN
South Africa
two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue
separated by a central green band that splits into a horizontal Y,
the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y
embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are
separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are
separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
blue, with the flag of
the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and
the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half
of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion
centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a
penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below
it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the
Lion Protect its Own Land)
Spain
three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width),
and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the
yellow band; the coat of arms is quartered to display the emblems of
the traditional kingdoms of Spain (clockwise from upper left,
Castile, Leon, Navarre, and Aragon) while Granada is represented by
the stylized pomegranate at the bottom of the shield; the arms are
framed by two columns representing the Pillars of Hercules, which
are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the
eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; the red scroll across the
two columns bears the imperial motto of "Plus Ultra" (further
beyond) referring to Spanish lands beyond Europe
Sri Lanka
yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has
two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other
panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a
sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow
field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between
the two panels
Sudan
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black
with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side
Suriname
five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white,
red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a
large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band
Svalbard
the flag of Norway is used
Swaziland
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width),
and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band
is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff
decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
Sweden
blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the
flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in
the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Switzerland
red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the
center that does not extend to the edges of the flag
Syria
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black,
colors associated with the Arab Liberation flag; two small, green,
five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band;
former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two stars
represented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; similar to
the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which has an
Arabic inscription centered in the white band, and that of Egypt,
which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; the
current design dates to 1980
Taiwan
red field with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side
corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays
Tajikistan
three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of
white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold,
five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe
Tanzania
divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the
lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green
and the lower triangle is blue
Thailand
five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double
width), white, and red
Timor-Leste
red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist
side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that
extends to the center of the flag; a white star is in the center of
the black triangle
Togo
five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom)
alternating with yellow; a white five-pointed star on a red square
is in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African
colors of Ethiopia
Tokelau
the flag of New Zealand is used
Tonga
red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner
Trinidad and Tobago
red with a white-edged black diagonal band from
the upper hoist side to the lower fly side
Tunisia
red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent
nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are
traditional symbols of Islam
Turkey
red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is
toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just
outside the crescent opening
Turkmenistan
green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist
side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producing
carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches; a white crescent
moon representing Islam with five white stars representing the
regions or welayats of Turkmenistan appear in the upper corner of
the field just to the fly side of the red stripe
Turks and Caicos Islands
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer
half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell,
lobster, and cactus
Tuvalu
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country
with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
Uganda
six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red,
black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center
and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the
hoist side
Ukraine
two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow
represent grain fields under a blue sky
United Arab Emirates
three equal horizontal bands of green (top),
white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side
United Kingdom
blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron
saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red
cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is
superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron
saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly
called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue
Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including
other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or
provinces, and British overseas territories
United States
13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars
arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and
bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent
the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies;
known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a
number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and
Puerto Rico
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
the flag of the US is
used
Uruguay
nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom)
alternating with blue; a white square in the upper hoist-side corner
with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May with
16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy
Uzbekistan
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and
green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and
12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
Vanuatu
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a
black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by
a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two
points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle);
centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed
namele leaves, all in yellow
Venezuela
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and
red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and
an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band
Vietnam
red field with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center
Virgin Islands
white field with a modified US coat of arms in the
center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms
shows a yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three
arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and
white stripes below a blue panel
Wake Island
the flag of the US is used
Wallis and Futuna
unofficial, local flag has a red field with four
white isosceles triangles in the middle, representing the three
native kings of the islands and the French administrator; the apexes
of the triangles are oriented inward and at right angles to each
other; the flag of France, outlined in white on two sides, is in the
upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is the only official flag
Yemen
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;
similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white
band, and of Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the
white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic
eagle centered in the white band
Zambia
green field with a panel of three vertical bands of red
(hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the
outer edge of the flag
Zimbabwe
seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black,
red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in
black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird
representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a
red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which
symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral
wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands
for the native people
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2085 Roadways (km)
Afghanistan
total: 42,150 km
paved: 12,350 km
unpaved: 29,800 km (2006)
Albania
total: 18,000 km
paved: 7,020 km
unpaved: 10,980 km (2002)
Algeria
total: 108,302 km
paved: 76,028 km (includes 645 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,274 km (2004)
American Samoa
total: 221 km (2007)
Andorra
total: 270 km
Angola
total: 51,429 km
paved: 5,349 km
unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)
Anguilla
total: 175 km
paved: 82 km
unpaved: 93 km (2004)
Antigua and Barbuda
total: 1,165 km
paved: 384 km
unpaved: 781 km (2002)
Argentina
total: 231,374 km
paved: 69,412 km (includes 734 km of expressways)
unpaved: 161,962 km (2004)
Armenia total: 7,700 km paved: 7,700 km (includes 1,561 km of expressways) (2006)
Australia total: 812,972 km paved: 341,448 km unpaved: 471,524 km (2004)
Austria total: 107,262 km paved: 107,262 km (includes 1,677 km of expressways) (2006)
Azerbaijan
total: 59,141 km
paved: 29,210 km
unpaved: 29,931 km (2004)
Bahamas, The
total: 2,717 km
paved: 1,560 km
unpaved: 1,133 km (2002)
Bahrain
total: 3,498 km
paved: 2,768 km
unpaved: 730 km (2003)
Bangladesh
total: 239,226 km
paved: 22,726 km
unpaved: 216,500 km (2003)
Barbados
total: 1,600 km
paved: 1,600 km (2004)
Belarus
total: 94,797 km
paved: 84,028 km
unpaved: 10,769 km (2005)
Belgium
total: 152,256 km
paved: 119,079 km (includes 1,763 km of expressways)
unpaved: 33,177 km (2006)
Belize
total: 3,007 km
paved: 575 km
unpaved: 2,432 km (2006)
Benin
total: 16,000 km
paved: 1,400 km
unpaved: 14,600 km (2006)
Bermuda
total: 447 km
paved: 447 km
note: public roads - 225 km; private roads - 222 km (2007)
Bhutan
total: 8,050 km
paved: 4,991 km
unpaved: 3,059 km (2003)
Bolivia
total: 62,479 km
paved: 3,749 km
unpaved: 58,730 km (2004)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 21,846 km
paved: 11,425 km (4,714 km of interurban roads)
unpaved: 10,421 km (2006)
Botswana
total: 25,798 km
paved: 8,410 km
unpaved: 17,388 km (2005)
Brazil
total: 1,751,868 km
paved: 96,353 km
unpaved: 1,655,515 km (2004)
British Indian Ocean Territory
note: short section of paved road
between port and airfield on Diego Garcia
British Virgin Islands
total: 200 km
paved: 200 km (2007)
Brunei
total: 3,650 km
paved: 2,819 km
unpaved: 831 km (2005)
Bulgaria
total: 40,231 km
paved: 39,587 km (includes 331 km of expressways)
unpaved: 644 km (2005)
Burkina Faso
total: 92,495 km
paved: 3,857 km
unpaved: 88,638 km (2004)
Burma
total: 27,000 km
paved: 3,200 km
unpaved: 23,800 km (2006)
Burundi
total: 12,322 km
paved: 1,286 km
unpaved: 11,036 km (2004)
Cambodia
total: 38,257 km
paved: 2,406 km
unpaved: 35,851 km (2004)
Cameroon
total: 50,000 km
paved: 5,000 km
unpaved: 45,000 km (2004)
Canada
total: 1,042,300 km
paved: 415,600 km (includes 17,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 626,700 km (2006)
Cape Verde
total: 1,350 km
paved: 932 km
unpaved: 418 km (2000)
Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2007)
Central African Republic
total: 24,307 km (2000)
Chad
total: 33,400 km
paved: 267 km
unpaved: 33,133 km (2002)
Chile
total: 80,505 km
paved: 16,745 km (includes 2,414 km of expressways)
unpaved: 63,760 km (2004)
China
total: 1,930,544 km
paved: 1,575,571 km (includes 41,005 km of expressways)
unpaved: 354,973 km (2005)
Christmas Island
total: 140 km
paved: 30 km
unpaved: 110 km (2007)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: 22 km
paved: 10 km
unpaved: 12 km (2006)
Colombia
total: 164,257 km (2005)
Comoros
total: 880 km
paved: 673 km
unpaved: 207 km (2002)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 153,497 km
paved: 2,794 km
unpaved: 150,703 km (2004)
Congo, Republic of the
total: 17,289 km
paved: 864 km
unpaved: 16,425 km (2004)
Cook Islands
total: 320 km
paved: 33 km
unpaved: 287 km (2003)
Costa Rica
total: 35,330 km
paved: 8,621 km
unpaved: 26,709 km (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire
total: 80,000 km
paved: 6,500 km
unpaved: 73,500 km
note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt
roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are
impassable (2006)
Croatia
total: 28,788 km (includes 877 km of expressways) (2006)
Cuba
total: 60,858 km
paved: 29,820 km (includes 638 km of expressway)
unpaved: 31,038 km (2000)
Cyprus
total: 14,630 km (area under government control: 12,280 km;
area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 2,350 km)
paved: area under government control: 7,979 km (includes 257 km of
expressways); area administered by Turkish Cypriots: 1,370 km
unpaved: area under government control: 4,301 km; area administered
by Turkish Cypriots: 980 km (2006)
Czech Republic
total: 128,512 km
paved: 128,512 km (includes 657 km of expressways) (2007)
Denmark
total: 72,362 km
paved: 72,362 km (includes 1,032 km of expressways) (2006)
Djibouti
total: 3,065 km
paved: 1,226 km
unpaved: 1,839 km (2000)
Dominica
total: 780 km
paved: 393 km
unpaved: 387 km (2000)
Dominican Republic
total: 19,705 km
paved: 9,872 km
unpaved: 9,833 km (2002)
Ecuador
total: 43,670 km
paved: 6,472 km
unpaved: 37,198 km (2006)
Egypt
total: 92,370 km
paved: 74,820 km
unpaved: 17,550 km (2004)
El Salvador
total: 10,886 km
paved: 2,827 km (includes 327 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,059 km (2000)
Equatorial Guinea
total: 2,880 km (2000)
Eritrea
total: 4,010 km
paved: 874 km
unpaved: 3,136 km (2000)
Estonia
total: 57,016 km
paved: 12,926 km (includes 99 km of expressways)
unpaved: 44,090 km (2005)
Ethiopia
total: 36,469 km
paved: 6,980 km
unpaved: 29,489 km (2004)
European Union
total: 5,454,446 km (2008)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2008)
Faroe Islands
total: 463 km (2006)
Fiji
total: 3,440 km
paved: 1,692 km
unpaved: 1,748 km (2000)
Finland
total: 78,821 km
paved: 50,854 km (includes 700 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,967 km (2008)
France
total: 951,500 km
paved: 951,500 km (metropolitan France; includes 10,950 km of
expressways)
note: there are another 5,100 km of roadways in overseas departments
(2006)
French Polynesia
total: 2,590 km
paved: 1,735 km
unpaved: 855 km (1999)
Gabon
total: 9,170 km
paved: 937 km
unpaved: 8,233 km (2004)
Gambia, The
total: 3,742 km
paved: 723 km
unpaved: 3,019 km (2004)
Gaza Strip
note: see entry for West Bank
Georgia
total: 20,329 km
paved: 7,854 km (includes 13 km of expressways)
unpaved: 12,475 km (2006)
Germany
total: 644,480 km
paved: 644,480 km (includes 12,400 km of expressways)
note: includes local roads (2006)
Ghana
total: 62,221 km
paved: 9,955 km
unpaved: 52,266 km (2006)
Gibraltar
total: 29 km
paved: 29 km (2007)
Greece
total: 117,533 km
paved: 107,895 km (includes 880 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,638 km (2005)
Greenland
note: although there are short roads in towns, there are
no roads between towns; inter-urban transport takes place either by
sea or air (2005)
Grenada
total: 1,127 km
paved: 687 km
unpaved: 440 km (2000)
Guam
total: 1,045 km (2007)
Guatemala
total: 14,095 km
paved: 4,863 km (includes 75 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,232 km (2000)
Guinea
total: 44,348 km
paved: 4,342 km
unpaved: 40,006 km (2003)
Guinea-Bissau
total: 3,455 km
paved: 965 km
unpaved: 2,490 km (2002)
Guyana
total: 7,970 km
paved: 590 km
unpaved: 7,380 km (2000)
Haiti
total: 4,160 km
paved: 1,011 km
unpaved: 3,149 km (2000)
Honduras
total: 13,600 km
paved: 2,775 km
unpaved: 10,825 km (2000)
Hong Kong
total: 2,009 km
paved: 2,009 km (2007)
Hungary
total: 159,568 km
paved: 70,050 km (30,874 km of interurban roads including 626 km of
expressways)
unpaved: 89,518 km (2005)
Iceland
total: 13,058 km
paved/oiled gravel: 4,397 km (does not include urban roads)
unpaved: 8,661 km (2007)
India
total: 3,316,452 km (includes 200 km of expressways) (2006)
Indonesia
total: 391,009 km
paved: 216,714 km
unpaved: 174,295 km (2005)
Iran
total: 172,927 km
paved: 125,908 km (includes 1,429 km of expressways)
unpaved: 47,019 km (2006)
Iraq
total: 44,900 km
paved: 37,851 km
unpaved: 7,049 km (2002)
Ireland total: 96,602 km paved: 96,602 km (includes 200 km of expressways) (2003)
Isle of Man total: 500 km (2008)
Israel
total: 17,870 km
paved: 17,870 km (includes 146 km of expressways) (2007)
Italy
total: 487,700 km
paved: 487,700 km (includes 6,700 km of expressways) (2005)
Jamaica
total: 21,552 km
paved: 15,937 km (includes 33 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,615 km (2005)
Japan
total: 1,196,999 km
paved: 949,101 km (includes 7,383 km of expressways)
unpaved: 247,898 km (2006)
Jersey
total: 358 km (2002)
Jordan total: 7,694 km paved: 7,694 km (2006)
Kazakhstan total: 91,563 km paved: 83,717 km unpaved: 7,846 km (2006)
Kenya
total: 63,265 km (interurban roads)
paved: 8,933 km
unpaved: 54,332 km
note: there also are 100,000 km of rural roads and 14,500 km of
urban roads for a national total of 177,765 km (2004)
Kiribati
total: 670 km (2000)
Korea, North
total: 25,554 km
paved: 724 km
unpaved: 24,830 km (2006)
Korea, South
total: 102,062 km
paved: 90,417 km (includes 3,103 km of expressways)
unpaved: 11,645 km (2006)
Kosovo
total: 1,924 km
paved: 1,666 km
unpaved: 258 km (2006)
Kuwait
total: 5,749 km
paved: 4,887 km
unpaved: 862 km (2004)
Kyrgyzstan
total: 18,500 km
paved: 16,909 km (includes 140 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,591 km (2003)
Laos
total: 29,811 km
paved: 4,010 km
unpaved: 25,801 km (2006)
Latvia total: 69,675 km paved: 69,675 km (2006)
Lebanon total: 6,970 km (includes 170 km of expressways) (2005)
Lesotho
total: 7,091 km
paved: 1,404 km
unpaved: 5,687 km (2003)
Liberia
total: 10,600 km
paved: 657 km
unpaved: 9,943 km (2000)
Libya
total: 100,024 km
paved: 57,214 km
unpaved: 42,810 km (2003)
Liechtenstein
total: 380 km
paved: 380 km (2007)
Lithuania
total: 79,984 km
paved: 70,997 km (includes 309 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,987 km (2006)
Luxembourg
total: 5,227 km
paved: 5,227 km (includes 147 km of expressways) (2004)
Macau
total: 384 km
paved: 384 km (2006)
Macedonia
total: 13,182 km (includes 208 km of expressways) (2002)
Madagascar
total: 65,663 km
paved: 7,617 km
unpaved: 58,046 km (2003)
Malawi
total: 15,451 km
paved: 6,956 km
unpaved: 8,495 km (2003)
Malaysia
total: 98,721 km
paved: 80,280 km (includes 1,821 km of expressways)
unpaved: 18,441 km (2004)
Maldives
total: 88 km
paved roads: 88 km - 60 km in Male; 14 km on Addu Atolis; 14 km on
Laamu
note: village roads are mainly compacted coral (2006)
Mali
total: 18,709 km
paved: 3,368 km
unpaved: 15,341 km (2004)
Malta
total: 2,227 km
paved: 2,014 km
unpaved: 213 km (2005)
Marshall Islands
total: 2,028 km (includes 75 km of expressways)
(2007)
Mauritania total: 11,066 km paved: 2,966 km unpaved: 8,100 km (2006)
Mauritius total: 2,028 km paved: 2,028 km (includes 75 km of expressways) (2007)
Mexico
total: 356,945 km
paved: 178,473 km (includes 6,279 km of expressways)
unpaved: 178,472 km (2006)
Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 240 km
paved: 42 km
unpaved: 198 km (2000)
Moldova
total: 12,666 km
paved: 12,117 km
unpaved: 549 km (2007)
Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km (2007)
Mongolia
total: 49,250 km
paved: 1,724 km
unpaved: 47,526 km (2002)
Montenegro
total: 7,368 km
paved: 4,742 km
unpaved: 2,626 km (2006)
Montserrat
note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed
most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been
built in the north end of the island (2008)
Morocco
total: 57,625 km
paved: 35,664 km (includes 639 km of expressways)
unpaved: 21,961 km (2006)
Mozambique
total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km
unpaved: 24,715 km (2000)
Namibia
total: 42,237 km
paved: 5,406 km
unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)
Nauru
total: 24 km
paved: 24 km (2002)
Nepal
total: 17,280 km
paved: 9,829 km
unpaved: 7,451 km (2004)
Netherlands
total: 134,981 km (includes 2,604 km of expressways)
(2006)
Netherlands Antilles
total: 845
New Caledonia
total: 5,622 km (2006)
New Zealand
total: 93,576 km
paved: 61,564 km (includes 172 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,012 km (2006)
Nicaragua
total: 19,036 km
paved: 2,299 km
unpaved: 16,737 km (2005)
Niger
total: 18,550 km
paved: 3,803 km
unpaved: 14,747 km (2006)
Nigeria
total: 193,200 km
paved: 28,980 km
unpaved: 164,220 km (2004)
Niue
total: 120 km
paved: 120 km (2008)
Norfolk Island total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2008)
Northern Mariana Islands
total: 536 km (2007)
Norway
total: 92,946 km
paved: 72,033 km (includes 664 km of expressways)
unpaved: 20,913 km (2007)
Oman
total: 42,300 km
paved: 16,500 km (includes 550 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,800 km (2005)
Pakistan
total: 259,758 km
paved: 162,879 km (includes 711 km of expressways)
unpaved: 96,879 km (2005)
Palau
note: estimated to have 60 km of roads as of 1996
Panama
total: 11,978 km
paved: 4,300 km
unpaved: 7,343 km (2002)
Papua New Guinea
total: 19,600 km
paved: 686 km
unpaved: 18,914 km (2000)
Paraguay
total: 29,500 km
paved: 14,986 km
unpaved: 14,514 km (2000)
Peru
total: 78,829 km
paved: 11,351 km (includes 276 km of expressways)
unpaved: 67,478 km (2004)
Philippines
total: 200,037 km
paved: 19,804 km
unpaved: 180,233 km (2003)
Poland
total: 423,997 km
paved: 295,356 km (includes 662 km of expressways)
unpaved: 128,641 km (2006)
Portugal
total: 82,900 km
paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,300 km of expressways)
unpaved: 11,606 km (2005)
Puerto Rico
total: 26,186 km
paved: 24,877 km (includes 427 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,309 km (2007)
Qatar
total: 7,790 km (2006)
Romania
total: 198,817 km
paved: 60,043 km (includes 228 km of expressways)
unpaved: 138,774 km (2004)
Russia
total: 933,000 km
paved: 754,984 km (includes 30,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 178,016 km
note: includes public, local, and departmental roads (2006)
Rwanda
total: 14,008 km
paved: 2,662 km
unpaved: 11,346 km (2004)
Saint Helena
total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km,
Tristan da Cunha 20 km)
paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da
Cunha 10 km)
unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km) (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 320 km paved: 163 km unpaved: 220 km (2002)
Saint Lucia total: 1,210 km (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 117 km
paved: 80 km
unpaved: 37 km (2000)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 829 km
paved: 580 km
unpaved: 249 km (2003)
Samoa
total: 2,337 km
paved: 332 km
unpaved: 2,005 km (2001)
San Marino total: 292 km paved: 292 km (2006)
Sao Tome and Principe
total: 320 km
paved: 218 km
unpaved: 102 km (2000)
Saudi Arabia
total: 221,372 km
paved: 47,529 km (includes 3,891 km of expressways)
unpaved: 173,843 km (2006)
Senegal
total: 13,576 km
paved: 3,972 km (includes 7 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,604 km (2003)
Serbia
total: 36,875 km
paved: 31,392 km
unpaved: 5,483 km
note: roadways in Kosovo listed separately (2006)
Seychelles
total: 458 km
paved: 440 km
unpaved: 18 km (2003)
Sierra Leone
total: 11,300 km
paved: 904 km
unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)
Singapore
total: 3,262 km
paved: 3,262 km (includes 150 km of expressways) (2006)
Slovakia
total: 43,761 km
paved: 38,085 km (includes 316 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,676 km (2006)
Slovenia total: 38,562 km paved: 38,562 km (includes 579 km of expressways) (2006)
Solomon Islands total: 1,360 km paved: 33 km unpaved: 1,327 km note: includes 800 km of private plantation roads (2002)
Somalia
total: 22,100 km
paved: 2,608 km
unpaved: 19,492 km (2000)
South Africa
total: 362,099 km
paved: 73,506 km (includes 239 km of expressways)
unpaved: 288,593 km (2002)
Spain
total: 681,224 km
paved: 681,224 km (includes 13,872 km of expressways) (2006)
Sri Lanka
total: 97,286 km
paved: 78,802 km
unpaved: 18,484 km (2003)
Sudan
total: 11,900 km
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (2000)
Suriname
total: 4,304 km
paved: 1,130 km
unpaved: 3,174 km (2003)
Swaziland
total: 3,594 km
paved: 1,078 km
unpaved: 2,516 km (2002)
Sweden
total: 425,300 km
paved: 139,300 km (includes 1,740 km of expressways)
unpaved: 286,000 km (2008)
Switzerland
total: 71,298 km
paved: 71,298 km (includes 1,758 of expressways) (2006)
Syria
total: 97,401 km
paved: 19,490 km (includes 1,103 km of expressways)
unpaved: 77,911 km (2006)
Taiwan
total: 40,262 km
paved: 38,171 km (includes 976 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,091 km (2007)
Tajikistan
total: 27,767 km (2000)
Tanzania total: 78,891 km paved: 6,808 km unpaved: 72,083 km (2003)
Thailand total: 180,053 km (includes 450 km of expressways) (2006)
Timor-Leste
total: 6,040 km
paved: 2,600 km
unpaved: 3,440 km (2005)
Togo
total: 7,520 km
paved: 2,376 km
unpaved: 5,144 km (2000)
Tonga
total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (2000)
Trinidad and Tobago
total: 8,320 km
paved: 4,252 km
unpaved: 4,068 km (2000)
Tunisia
total: 19,232 km
paved: 12,655 km (includes 262 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,577 km (2004)
Turkey
total: 426,951 km (includes 1,987 km of expressways) (2006)
Turkmenistan
total: 58,592 km
paved: 47,577 km
unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)
Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km (2003)
Tuvalu
total: 8 km
paved: 8 km (2002)
Uganda
total: 70,746 km
paved: 16,272 km
unpaved: 54,474 km (2003)
Ukraine
total: 169,422 km
paved: 165,611 km (includes 15 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,811 km (2007)
United Arab Emirates
total: 4,080 km
paved: 4,080 km (includes 253 km of expressways) (2008)
United Kingdom
total: 398,366 km
paved: 398,366 km (includes 3,520 km of expressways) (2006)
United States
total: 6,465,799 km
paved: 4,209,835 km (includes 75,040 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,255,964 km (2007)
Uruguay
total: 77,732 km
paved: 7,743 km
unpaved: 69,989 km (2004)
Uzbekistan
total: 86,496 km
paved: 75,511 km
unpaved: 10,985 km (2000)
Vanuatu
total: 1,070 km
paved: 256 km
unpaved: 814 km (1999)
Venezuela
total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (2002)
Vietnam
total: 222,179 km
paved: 42,167 km
unpaved: 180,012 km (2004)
Virgin Islands
total: 1,257 km (2007)
West Bank total: 5,147 km paved: 5,147 km note: includes Gaza Strip (2006)
World
total: 68,937,575 km (2008)
Yemen
total: 71,300 km
paved: 6,200 km
unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)
Zambia
total: 91,440 km
paved: 20,117 km
unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Zimbabwe
total: 97,267 km
paved: 18,481 km
unpaved: 78,786 km (2002)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2086 Illicit drugs
Afghanistan
world's largest producer of opium; poppy cultivation
increased 17% to a near-record 202,000 hectares in 2007; good
growing conditions pushed potential opium production to a record
8,000 metric tons, up 42% from last year; if the entire opium crop
were processed, 947 metric tons of heroin potentially could be
produced; drug trade is a source of instability and the Taliban and
other antigovernment groups participate in and profit from the drug
trade; widespread corruption impedes counterdrug efforts; most of
the heroin consumed in Europe and Eurasia is derived from Afghan
opium; vulnerable to drug money laundering through informal
financial networks; regional source of hashish
Albania
increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian
opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to
a lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western
Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic
Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in
Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional
trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens
Angola
used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for
Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa
Anguilla
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe
Antigua and Barbuda
considered a minor transshipment point for
narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an
offshore financial center
Argentina
a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe;
some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area;
law enforcement corruption; a source for precursor chemicals;
increasing domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers,
especially cocaine base and synthetic drugs
Armenia
illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic
consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium
and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser
extent the rest of Europe
Aruba
transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some
accompanying money-laundering activity; relatively high percentage
of population consumes cocaine
Australia
Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit
opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of
opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate; major
consumer of cocaine and amphetamines
Austria
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South
American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption
of European-produced synthetic drugs
Azerbaijan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program;
transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a
lesser extent the rest of Europe
Bahamas, The
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
US and Europe; offshore financial center
Bangladesh
transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring
countries
Barbados
one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics
bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center
Belarus
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and
via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and
lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering
legislation does not meet international standards; few
investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities
Belgium
growing producer of synthetic drugs and cannabis; transit
point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South
American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine,
heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a
strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to
money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and
tobacco; significant domestic consumption of ecstasy
Belize
transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer
of cannabis, primarily for local consumption; money-laundering
activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector
Benin
transshipment point used by Nigerian traffickers for narcotics
destined for Western Europe; vulnerable to money laundering due to
poorly enforced financial regulations
Bolivia
world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and
Peru) with an estimated 29,500 hectares under cultivation in 2007, a
slight increase over 2006; third largest producer of cocaine,
estimated at 120 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007;
transit country for Peruvian and Colombian cocaine destined for
Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Europe; cultivation
generally increasing since 2000, despite eradication and alternative
crop programs; weak border controls; some money-laundering activity
related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil
and Paraguay; major cocaine consumption (2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
increasingly a transit point for heroin being
trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana;
remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a
primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement,
and instances of corruption
Brazil
second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit
producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation in the
Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a
large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important
transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine
headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as a way station for
narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in
drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for
Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics
proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial
system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area
British Virgin Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial
center makes it vulnerable to money laundering
Brunei
drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled
substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory
death penalty
Bulgaria
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the
European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money
laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions
Burma
remains world's second-largest producer of illicit opium with
an estimated production in 2008 of 340 metric tons, an increase of
26%, and cultivation in 2008 was 22,500 hectares, a 4% increase from
2007; production in the United Wa State Army's areas of greatest
control remains low; Shan state is the source of 94% of poppy
cultivation; lack of government will to take on major
narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money
laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major
source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption;
currently under Financial Action Task Force countermeasures due to
continued failure to address its inadequate money-laundering
controls (2008)
Cambodia
narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in
the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine
production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based
economy and porous borders
Canada
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and
export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant
large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing
ecstasy production, some of which is destined for the US; vulnerable
to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial
services sector
Cape Verde
used as a transshipment point for Latin American cocaine
destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial
system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Cayman Islands
offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug
transshipment to the US and Europe
Chile
transshipment country for cocaine destined for Europe and the
region; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile
more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits,
especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a recent
anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors
passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising, making
Chile a significant consumer of cocaine
China
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden
Triangle region of Southeast Asia; growing domestic drug abuse
problem; source country for chemical precursors, despite new
regulations on its large chemical industry
Colombia
illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis;
world's leading coca cultivator with 167,000 hectares in coca
cultivation in 2007, a 6% increase over 2006, producing a potential
of 535 metric tons of pure cocaine; the world's largest producer of
coca derivatives; supplies cocaine to most of the US market and the
great majority of other international drug markets; in 2007, aerial
eradication dispensed herbicide to treat over 153,000 hectares with
another 67,000 hectares manually eradicated, but aggressive
replanting on the part of coca growers means Colombia remains a key
producer; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are
either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market
peso exchange; important supplier of heroin to the US market; opium
poppy cultivation is estimated to have fallen 25% between 2006 and
2007 with a corresponding estimated 27% decline in the yield of pure
heroin to 1.9 metric tons; (2007)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the one of Africa's biggest producers of cannabis, but mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center
Costa Rica
transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South
America; illicit production of cannabis in remote areas; domestic
cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising;
significant consumption of amphetamines
Cote d'Ivoire
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local
consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe
reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption
and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to
money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits
the country's utility as a major money-laundering center
Croatia
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian
heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for
maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Cuba
territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone
for US- and European-bound drugs; established the death penalty for
certain drug-related crimes in 1999
Cyprus
minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and
container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;
some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of
anti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to money
laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sector
remains weak
Czech Republic
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe;
producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets;
susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking,
organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy
Dominica
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and
Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement
is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money
laundering
Dominican Republic
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for
ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada;
substantial money laundering activity; Colombian narcotics
traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial
transactions; significant amphetamine consumption
Ecuador
significant transit country for cocaine originating in
Colombia and Peru, with over half of the US-bound cocaine passing
through Ecuadorian Pacific waters; importer of precursor chemicals
used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for
cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of
dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime; increased
activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and
Colombian insurgents
Egypt
transit point for cannabis, heroin, and opium moving to
Europe, Israel, and North Africa; transit stop for Nigerian drug
couriers; concern as money laundering site due to lax enforcement of
financial regulations
El Salvador
transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of
marijuana produced for local consumption; significant use of cocaine
Estonia
growing producer of synthetic drugs; increasingly important
transshipment zone for cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and synthetic
drugs since joining the European Union and the Schengen Accord;
potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug
trafficking is a concern, as is possible use of the gambling sector
to launder funds; major use of opiates and ecstasy
Ethiopia
transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined
for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use
and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in
all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system
limits the country's utility as a money laundering center
France
metropolitan France: transshipment point for South American
cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics
French Guiana: small amount of marijuana grown for local
consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe
Martinique: transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
the US and Europe
Georgia
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via
Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia
Germany
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine
processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic
drugs; major financial center
Ghana
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a
lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the
US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a
well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility
as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and
cannabis use
Greece
a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and
heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and
precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine
transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug
trafficking and organized crime
Grenada
small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point
for marijuana and cocaine to US
Guatemala
major transit country for cocaine and heroin; in 2005,
cultivated 100 hectares of opium poppy after reemerging as a
potential source of opium in 2004; potential production of less than
1 metric ton of pure heroin; marijuana cultivation for mostly
domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major
staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering
is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem
Guinea-Bissau
increasingly important transit country for South
American cocaine enroute to Europe; enabling environment for
trafficker operations thanks to pervasive corruption;
archipelago-like geography around the capital facilitates drug
smuggling
Guyana
transshipment point for narcotics from South America -
primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis;
rising money laundering related to drug trafficking and human
smuggling
Haiti
Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US
and Europe; substantial bulk cash smuggling activity; Colombian
narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial
transactions; pervasive corruption; significant consumer of cannabis
Honduras
transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit
producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally
for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some
money-laundering activity
Hong Kong
despite strenuous law enforcement efforts, faces difficult
challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to
regional and world markets; modern banking system provides conduit
for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs,
especially among young people
Hungary
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis
and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited
producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and
methamphetamine; efforts to counter money laundering, related to
organized crime and drug trafficking, are improving, but remain
vulnerable; significant consumer of ecstasy
India
world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical
trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit
international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics
produced in neighboring countries and throughout Southwest Asia;
illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money
laundering through the hawala system; licit ketamine and precursor
production
Indonesia
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy
Iran
despite substantial interdiction efforts and considerable
control measures along the border with Afghanistan, Iran remains one
of the primary transshipment routes for Southwest Asian heroin to
Europe; suffers one of the highest opiate addiction rates in the
world, and has an increasing problem with synthetic drugs; lacks
anti-money laundering laws; has reached out to neighboring countries
to share counter-drug intelligence
Ireland
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; increasing consumption of South American cocaine; minor
transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western
Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money
laundering - using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies
involving the offshore financial community - remains a concern
Israel
increasingly concerned about ecstasy, cocaine, and heroin
abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from
Jordan; money-laundering center
Italy
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money
laundering by organized crime and from smuggling
Jamaica
transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North
America and Europe; illicit cultivation and consumption of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering
activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit
financial transactions
Kazakhstan
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS
markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra
(for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit
crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia
and the rest of Europe; significant consumer of opiates
Kenya
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa;
significant potential for money-laundering activity given the
country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption,
and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities
Korea, North
for years, from the 1970s into the 2000s, citizens of
the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of
them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad
while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December
2004; police investigations in Taiwan and Japan in recent years have
linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and
methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant
ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003
Kyrgyzstan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy
for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops;
transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the
rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates
Laos
estimated opium poppy cultivation in 2008 was 1,900 hectares,
about a 73% increase from 2007; estimated potential opium production
in 2008 more than tripled to 17 metric tons; unsubstantiated reports
of domestic methamphetamine production; growing domestic
methamphetamine problem (2007)
Latvia
transshipment and destination point for cocaine, synthetic
drugs, opiates, and cannabis from Southwest Asia, Western Europe,
Latin America, and neighboring Balkan countries; despite improved
legislation, vulnerable to money laundering due to nascent
enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of
offshore companies and the gaming industry; CIS organized crime
(including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and
prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds
Lebanon
cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares
in 2002 despite continued significant cannabis consumption; opium
poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to European
markets and for Middle Eastern consumption; money laundering of drug
proceeds fuels concern that extremists are benefiting from drug
trafficking
Liberia
transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin
and South American cocaine for the European and US markets;
corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade
provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
major money-laundering center
Liechtenstein
has strengthened money laundering controls, but money
laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated
offshore financial services sector
Lithuania
transshipment and destination point for cannabis, cocaine,
ecstasy, and opiates from Southwest Asia, Latin America, Western
Europe, and neighboring Baltic countries; growing production of
high-quality amphetamines, but limited production of cannabis,
methamphetamines; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to
banking legislation
Macau
transshipment point for drugs going into mainland China;
consumer of opiates and amphetamines
Macedonia
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for
Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity
is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a
mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement
Madagascar
illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild
varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point
for heroin
Malaysia
drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe
penalties; heroin still primary drug of abuse, but synthetic drug
demand remains strong; continued ecstasy and methamphetamine
producer for domestic users and, to a lesser extent, the regional
drug market
Malta
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
Western Europe
Mauritius
consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South
Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally;
significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money
laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the
government appears generally to be committed to regulating its
banking industry
Mexico
major drug-producing nation; cultivation of opium poppy in
2007 rose to 6,900 hectares yielding a potential production of 18
metric tons of pure heroin, or 50 metric tons of "black tar" heroin,
the dominant form of Mexican heroin in the western United States;
marijuana cultivation increased to 8,900 hectares in 2007 and
yielded a potential production of 15,800 metric tons; government
conducts the largest independent illicit-crop eradication program in
the world; continues as the primary transshipment country for
US-bound cocaine from South America, with an estimated 90% of annual
cocaine movements toward the US stopping in Mexico; major drug
syndicates control the majority of drug trafficking throughout the
country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant
money-laundering center; major supplier of heroin and largest
foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market
(2007)
Micronesia, Federated States of
major consumer of cannabis
Moldova
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and
possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity
Montserrat
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe
Morocco
one of the world's largest producers of illicit hashish;
shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit
point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe;
significant consumer of cannabis
Mozambique
southern African transit point for South Asian hashish
and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the
European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local
consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa);
corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed
financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center
Nepal
illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and
international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast
Asia to the West
Netherlands
major European producer of synthetic drugs, including
ecstasy, and cannabis cultivator; important gateway for cocaine,
heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound
ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering;
significant consumer of ecstasy
Netherlands Antilles transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center
New Zealand
significant consumer of amphetamines
Nicaragua
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Nigeria
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for
European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of
amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating
worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and
criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering
controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task
Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in
June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be
monitored by FATF
Pakistan
significant transit area for Afghan drugs, including
heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Iran, Western
markets, the Gulf States, Africa, and Asia; financial crimes related
to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain
problems; opium poppy cultivation estimated to be 2,300 hectares in
2007 with 600 of those hectares eradicated; federal and provincial
authorities continue to conduct anti-poppy campaigns that utilizes
forced eradication, fines, and arrests
Panama
major cocaine transshipment point and primary
money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering
activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore
financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring
of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains
a major problem
Papua New Guinea
major consumer of cannabis
Paraguay
major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for
Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, and
Europe; weak border controls, extensive corruption and
money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; weak
anti-money-laundering laws and enforcement
Peru
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now
the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far
behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000
hectares in 2007; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at
210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; finished cocaine
is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market;
increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being
moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the
Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing
domestic drug consumption
Philippines
domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing
problem in recent years despite government crackdowns; major
consumer of amphetamines; longstanding marijuana producer mainly in
rural areas where Manila's control is limited
Poland
despite diligent counternarcotics measures and international
information sharing on cross-border crimes, a major illicit producer
of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment
point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to
Western Europe
Portugal
seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined
for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin;
transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe;
consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Romania
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant
financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable
to laundering, which occurs via the banking system, currency
exchange houses, and casinos
Russia
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption;
government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as
transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American
cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent
Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source
of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are
key concerns; major consumer of opiates
Saint Kitts and Nevis
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity
Saint Lucia
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis
cultivation
Saudi Arabia
death penalty for traffickers; improving
anti-money-laundering legislation and enforcement
Senegal
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin
and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America;
illicit cultivator of cannabis
Serbia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money
laundering
Singapore
drug abuse limited because of aggressive law enforcement
efforts; as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for
money laundering
Slovakia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market;
consumer of ecstasy
Slovenia
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals
South Africa
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, and cocaine,
as well as a major cultivator of marijuana in its own right; cocaine
and heroin consumption on the rise; world's largest market for
illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through
various east African countries, but increasingly producing its own
synthetic drugs for domestic consumption; attractive venue for money
launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and
narcotics activity in the region and the size of the South African
economy
Spain
despite rigorous law enforcement efforts, North African, Latin
American, Galician, and other European traffickers take advantage of
Spain's long coastline to land large shipments of cocaine and
hashish for distribution to the European market; consumer for Latin
American cocaine and North African hashish; destination and minor
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering
site for Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations and organized
crime
Suriname
growing transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for Europe via the Netherlands and Brazil; transshipment
point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Switzerland
a major international financial center vulnerable to the
layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite
significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules
persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through
offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and
Western European synthetics; domestic cannabis cultivation and
limited ecstasy production
Syria
a transit point for opiates, hashish, and cocaine bound for
regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls
and bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money laundering
Taiwan
regional transit point for heroin, methamphetamine, and
precursor chemicals; transshipment point for drugs to Japan; major
problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin;
rising problems with use of ketamine and club drugs
Tajikistan
major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for
Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited
illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption;
Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia
and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw
opium); significant consumer of opiates
Tanzania
growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,
European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for
southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem
Thailand
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; transit
point for illicit heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer
of methamphetamine since the 1990s despite a series of government
crackdowns
Timor-Leste
NA
Togo
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money
laundering not a significant problem
Trinidad and Tobago
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Turkey
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and, to a lesser extent, the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin exist in remote regions of Turkey
and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas
of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy straw
concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls
Turkmenistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor
chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Ukraine
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the
West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment
point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin
America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved
anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the
Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and
Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering
regime continues to be monitored by FATF
United Arab Emirates
the UAE is a drug transshipment point for
traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing
countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it
vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving, but informal banking remains unregulated
United Kingdom
producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and
synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs;
money-laundering center
United States
world's largest consumer of cocaine (shipped from
Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean), Colombian heroin, and
Mexican heroin and marijuana; major consumer of ecstasy and Mexican
methamphetamine; minor consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian
heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants,
stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering
center
Uruguay
small-scale transit country for drugs mainly bound for
Europe, often through sea-borne containers; law enforcement
corruption; money laundering because of strict banking secrecy laws;
weak border control along Brazilian frontier; increasing consumption
of cocaine base and synthetic drugs
Uzbekistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for
domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by
government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin
precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Venezuela
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the
processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large
quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country
from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related
money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia
and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily
targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by
Colombian insurgents on border
Vietnam
minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point
for Southeast Asian heroin; government continues to face domestic
opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems despite longstanding
crackdowns
World
cocaine: worldwide coca leaf cultivation in 2007 amounted to
232,500 hectares; Colombia produced slightly more than two-thirds of
the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure
cocaine production decreased 7% to 865 metric tons in 2007; Colombia
conducts aggressive coca eradication campaign, but both Peruvian and
Bolivian Governments are hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing
areas; 551 metric tons of export-quality cocaine (85% pure) is
documented to have been seized or destroyed in 2005; US consumption
of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been in excess of 380
metric tons
opiates: worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation continued to
increase in 2007, with a potential opium production of 8,400 metric
tons, reaching the highest levels recorded since estimates began in
mid-1980s; Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting
for 95% of the global supply; Southeast Asia - responsible for 9% of
global opium - saw marginal increases in production; Latin America
produced 1% of global opium, but most was refined into heroin
destined for the US market; if all potential opium was processed
into pure heroin, the potential global production would be 1,000
metric tons of heroin in 2007
Zambia
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for southern Africa and
possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled
with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it
an unattractive venue for money launderers; major consumer of
cannabis
Zimbabwe
transit point for cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax,
and methamphetamines en route to South Africa
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2087 Imports
Afghanistan
$3.823 billion (2006)
Albania
$3.999 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Algeria
$26.25 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
American Samoa
$308.8 million (FY04 est.)
Andorra
$1.879 billion (2005)
Angola
$12.29 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Anguilla
$143 million (2006)
Antigua and Barbuda
$522.8 million (2007 est.)
Argentina
$42.53 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Armenia
$2.807 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Aruba
$1.054 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Australia
$160 billion (2007 est.)
Austria
$160.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
$6.045 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The
$2.401 billion (2006)
Bahrain
$10.93 billion (2007 est.)
Bangladesh
$16.67 billion (2007 est.)
Barbados
$1.586 billion (2006)
Belarus
$28.32 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Belgium
$323.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Belize
$642 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Benin
$1.085 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Bermuda
$1.162 billion (2006)
Bhutan
$320 million c.i.f. (2006)
Bolivia
$3.249 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
$9.947 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Botswana
$3.403 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Brazil
$120.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands
$187 million (2002 est.)
Brunei
$2 billion c.i.f. (2006)
Bulgaria
$28.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso
$1.296 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Burma
$2.942 billion f.o.b.
note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of
consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from
Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2007 est.)
Burundi
$272 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cambodia
$5.424 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cameroon
$3.714 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Canada
$386.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cape Verde
$743.6 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cayman Islands
$866.9 million (2004)
Central African Republic
$237.3 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Chad
$1.158 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Chile
$43.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
China
$904.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Christmas Island
$NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA
Colombia
$31.17 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Comoros
$143 million f.o.b. (2006)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$2.263 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Congo, Republic of the
$2.634 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cook Islands
$81.04 million (2005)
Costa Rica
$12.26 billion (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
$5.932 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Croatia
$25.99 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cuba
$10.08 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Cyprus
$7.84 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Czech Republic
$116.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Denmark
$102 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Djibouti
$1.555 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Dominica
$296 million f.o.b. (2006)
Dominican Republic
$13.82 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Ecuador
$12.76 billion (2007 est.)
Egypt
$44.95 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
El Salvador
$8.108 billion (2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
$3.083 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Eritrea
$573 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Estonia
$14.75 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Ethiopia
$5.165 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
European Union
$1.466 trillion; note - external imports, excluding
intra-EU trade (2005)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$90 million (2004 est.)
Faroe Islands
$751 million c.i.f. (2006)
Fiji
$3.12 billion c.i.f. (2006)
Finland
$78.05 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
France
$600.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
French Polynesia
$1.706 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Gabon
$2.107 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Gambia, The
$271 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Gaza Strip
$2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes West Bank) (2005)
Georgia
$4.977 billion (2007 est.)
Germany
$1.075 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Ghana
$8.053 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Gibraltar
$2.967 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Greece
$80.79 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Greenland
$712 million c.i.f. (2006)
Grenada
$343 million (2006)
Guam
$701 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guatemala
$12.62 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Guernsey
$NA
Guinea
$1.202 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
$200 million f.o.b. (2006)
Guyana
$1.006 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Haiti
$1.734 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Honduras
$8.556 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Hong Kong
$365.6 billion (2007 est.)
Hungary
$86.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Iceland
$6.181 billion (2007 est.)
India
$230.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Indonesia
$84.93 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Iran
$53.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Iraq
$25.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Ireland
$84.76 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Isle of Man
$NA
Israel
$55.79 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Italy
$498.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Jamaica
$5.784 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Japan
$573.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Jersey
$NA
Jordan
$12.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Kazakhstan
$33.21 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Kenya
$8.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Kiribati
$62 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Korea, North
$2.879 billion c.i.f. (2006)
Korea, South
$349.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Kosovo
$NA
Kuwait
$20.64 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
$2.636 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Laos
$1.378 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Latvia
$14.82 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Lebanon
$11.93 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Lesotho
$1.536 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Liberia
$7.143 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Libya
$14.43 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Liechtenstein
$917.3 million (1996)
Lithuania
$22.8 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Luxembourg
$23.13 billion c.i.f. (2007 est.)
Macau
$4.559 billion c.i.f. (2006)
Macedonia
$4.977 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Madagascar
$1.918 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Malawi
$866 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Malaysia
$139.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Maldives
$930 million f.o.b. (2006)
Mali
$2.358 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Malta
$4.541 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Marshall Islands
$54.7 million f.o.b. (2000)
Mauritania
$1.475 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Mauritius
$3.656 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Mayotte
$341 million f.o.b.; note - excludes petroleum imports (2005)
Mexico
$281.9 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
$132.7 million f.o.b. (2004)
Moldova
$3.677 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Monaco
$916.1 million
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France (2005)
Mongolia
$2.117 billion c.i.f. (2007)
Montenegro
$601.7 million (2003)
Montserrat
$17 million (2001)
Morocco
$28.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Mozambique
$2.811 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Namibia
$3.091 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Nauru
$20 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Nepal
$2.398 billion f.o.b. (2006)
Netherlands
$406.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
$15.74 billion f.o.b. (2006)
New Caledonia
$1.998 billion f.o.b. (2006)
New Zealand
$29.06 billion (2007 est.)
Nicaragua
$4.078 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Niger
$800 million f.o.b. (2006)
Nigeria
$38.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Niue
$9.038 million (2004)
Norfolk Island
$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Northern Mariana Islands
$214.4 million (2001)
Norway
$77.24 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Oman
$11 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Pakistan
$28.76 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Palau
$107.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Panama
$12.62 billion f.o.b.
note: includes the Colon Free Zone (2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea
$2.629 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Paraguay
$6.094 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Peru
$19.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Philippines
$57.56 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
$NA
Poland
$160.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Portugal
$75.3 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Puerto Rico
$29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)
Qatar
$19.86 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Romania
$64.54 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Russia
$223.4 billion (2007 est.)
Rwanda
$637 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Saint Helena
$45 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
$383 million (2006)
Saint Lucia
$791 million (2006)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$68.2 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$578 million (2006)
Samoa
$324 million f.o.b. (2006)
San Marino
$2.035 billion (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe
$66 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia
$82.64 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Senegal
$3.731 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Serbia
$18.35 billion (2007 est.)
Seychelles
$823 million f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Sierra Leone
$560 million f.o.b. (2006)
Singapore
$252 billion (2007 est.)
Slovakia
$58.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Slovenia
$29.39 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands
$256 million f.o.b. (2006)
Somalia
$798 million f.o.b. (2006)
South Africa
$81.89 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Spain
$380.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka
$10.36 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Sudan
$7.722 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Suriname
$1.297 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Svalbard
$NA
Swaziland
$1.914 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Sweden
$151.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Switzerland
$187.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Syria
$10.5 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Taiwan
$215.1 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Tajikistan
$2.762 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Tanzania
$4.861 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Thailand
$125.2 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste
$202 million (2004 est.)
Togo
$1.201 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Tokelau
$969,200 c.i.f. (2002)
Tonga
$139 million f.o.b. (2006)
Trinidad and Tobago
$7.67 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Tunisia
$18.02 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Turkey
$162 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Turkmenistan
$4.516 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
$175.6 million (2000)
Tuvalu
$12.91 million c.i.f. (2005)
Uganda
$2.983 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Ukraine
$60.41 billion (2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates
$116.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
United Kingdom
$621.4 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
United States
$1.968 trillion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Uruguay
$5.554 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan
$4.48 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Vanuatu
$156 million c.i.f. (2006)
Venezuela
$45.46 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Vietnam
$58.92 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Virgin Islands
$4.609 billion (2001)
Wallis and Futuna
$61.17 million f.o.b. (2004)
West Bank
$2.44 billion c.i.f.; (includes Gaza Strip) (2005)
Western Sahara
$NA
World
$13.74 trillion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Yemen
$6.735 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Zambia
$3.611 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Zimbabwe
$2.183 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2088 Independence
Afghanistan
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign
affairs)
Albania
28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Algeria
5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa
none (territory of the US)
Andorra
1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French Count
of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgel)
Angola
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981 (from UK)
Argentina
9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Aruba
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria
976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156
(Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire
proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Azerbaijan
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Bahamas, The
10 July 1973 (from UK)
Bahrain
15 August 1971 (from UK)
Bangladesh
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March
1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December
1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation
of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados
30 November 1966 (from UK)
Belarus
25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Belgium
4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared
independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I
ascended to the throne)
Belize
21 September 1981 (from UK)
Benin
1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan
1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary
king)
Bolivia
6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for
independence completed 1 March 1992; independence declared 3 March
1992)
Botswana
30 September 1966 (from UK)
Brazil
7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei
1 January 1984 (from UK)
Bulgaria
3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the
Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the
Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso
5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma
4 January 1948 (from UK)
Burundi
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)
Cambodia
9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Canada
1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11
December 1931 (recognized by UK)
Cape Verde
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Cayman Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic
13 August 1960 (from France)
Chad
11 August 1960 (from France)
Chile
18 September 1810 (from Spain)
China
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January
1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949
(People's Republic established)
Christmas Island
none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none (territory of Australia)
Colombia
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Comoros
6 July 1975 (from France)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
Congo, Republic of the
15 August 1960 (from France)
Cook Islands
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)
Costa Rica
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Cote d'Ivoire
7 August 1960 (from France)
Croatia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Cuba
20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the
US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a
day of independence
Cyprus
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed
self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these
proclamations are only recognized by Turkey
Czech Republic
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)
Denmark
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy
Djibouti
27 June 1977 (from France)
Dominica
3 November 1978 (from UK)
Dominican Republic
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
Ecuador
24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Egypt
28 February 1922 (from UK)
El Salvador
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea
12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Eritrea
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Estonia
20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Ethiopia
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years
European Union
7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed
establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered
into force)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji
10 October 1970 (from UK)
Finland
6 December 1917 (from Russia)
France
486 (Frankish tribes unified); 843 (Western Francia
established from the division of the Carolingian Empire)
French Polynesia
none (overseas lands of France)
Gabon
17 August 1960 (from France)
Gambia, The
18 February 1965 (from UK)
Georgia
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Germany
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and
French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany)
proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone;
unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October
1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991
Ghana
6 March 1957 (from UK)
Gibraltar
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Greenland
none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of
Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but
Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating
to Greenland)
Grenada
7 February 1974 (from UK)
Guam
none (territory of the US)
Guatemala
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Guernsey
none (British crown dependency)
Guinea
2 October 1958 (from France)
Guinea-Bissau
24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from
Portugal)
Guyana
26 May 1966 (from UK)
Haiti
1 January 1804 (from France)
Holy See (Vatican City)
11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the
three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged,
among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and
established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal
States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may
be traced back to the 8th century
Honduras
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Hong Kong
none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary
25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional
founding date)
Iceland
1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish
Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
India
15 August 1947 (from UK)
Indonesia
17 August 1945 (declared)
note: recognized by the Netherlands on 27 December 1949; in August
2005, the Netherlands announced it recognized de facto Indonesian
independence on 17 August 1945
Iran
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Iraq
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional
Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi-controlled Government
Ireland
6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Isle of Man
none (British crown dependency)
Israel
14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Italy
17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not
finally unified until 1870)
Jamaica
6 August 1962 (from UK)
Japan
660 B.C. (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)
Jersey
none (British crown dependency)
Jordan
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Kazakhstan
16 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Kenya
12 December 1963 (from UK)
Kiribati
12 July 1979 (from UK)
Korea, North
15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Korea, South
15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Kosovo
17 February 2008 (from Serbia)
Kuwait
19 June 1961 (from UK)
Kyrgyzstan
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Laos
19 July 1949 (from France)
Latvia
18 November 1918 (from Soviet Russia)
Lebanon
22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under
French administration)
Lesotho
4 October 1966 (from UK)
Liberia
26 July 1847
Libya
24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
Liechtenstein
23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein
established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Lithuania
11 March 1990 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by
Soviet Union)
Luxembourg
1839 (from the Netherlands)
Macau
none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia
8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsed
independence from Yugoslavia)
Madagascar
26 June 1960 (from France)
Malawi
6 July 1964 (from UK)
Malaysia
31 August 1957 (from UK)
Maldives
26 July 1965 (from UK)
Mali
22 September 1960 (from France)
Malta
21 September 1964 (from UK)
Marshall Islands 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Mauritania
28 November 1960 (from France)
Mauritius
12 March 1968 (from UK)
Mayotte
none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
Mexico
16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized
by Spain)
Micronesia, Federated States of
3 November 1986 (from the
US-administered UN trusteeship)
Moldova
27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Monaco
1419 (beginning of rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Mongolia
11 July 1921 (from China)
Montenegro
3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)
Montserrat
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco
2 March 1956 (from France)
Mozambique
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Namibia
21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
Nauru
31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered
UN trusteeship)
Nepal
1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH)
Netherlands
23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low
Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26
July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of
Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace
of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)
Netherlands Antilles
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia
none (overseas territory of France); note - a
referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new
referendum is scheduled for 2014
New Zealand
26 September 1907 (from UK)
Nicaragua
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Niger
3 August 1960 (from France)
Nigeria
1 October 1960 (from UK)
Niue
on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary
government in free association with New Zealand
Norfolk Island
none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands
none (commonwealth in political union with
the US)
Norway
7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden
dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the
union)
Oman
1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Pakistan
14 August 1947 (from British India)
Palau
1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Panama
3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain
28 November 1821)
Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered
UN trusteeship)
Paraguay
14 May 1811 (from Spain)
Peru
28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines
12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4
July 1946 (from the US)
Pitcairn Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland
11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Portugal
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910
(republic proclaimed)
Puerto Rico
none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)
Qatar
3 September 1971 (from UK)
Romania
9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire;
independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26
March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic
proclaimed)
Russia
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Rwanda
1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Saint Barthelemy
none (overseas collectivity of France)
Saint Helena
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983 (from UK)
Saint Lucia
22 February 1979 (from UK)
Saint Martin
none (overseas collectivity of France)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979 (from UK)
Samoa
1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
San Marino
3 September AD 301
Sao Tome and Principe
12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Saudi Arabia
23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)
Senegal
4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence
achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Serbia
5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)
Seychelles
29 June 1976 (from UK)
Sierra Leone
27 April 1961 (from UK)
Singapore
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Slovakia
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)
Slovenia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Solomon Islands
7 July 1978 (from UK)
Somalia
1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which
became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian
Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered
UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
South Africa
31 May 1910 (Union of South Africa formed from four
British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free
State); 31 May 1961 (republic declared) 27 April 1994 (majority rule)
Spain
the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of
independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in
the early 8th century A.D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the
small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost
immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this
event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is
traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain
Sri Lanka
4 February 1948 (from UK)
Sudan
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Suriname
25 November 1975 (from the Netherlands)
Svalbard
none (territory of Norway)
Swaziland
6 September 1968 (from UK)
Sweden
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Switzerland
1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
Syria
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French
administration)
Tajikistan
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Tanzania
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December
1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became
independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with
Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Thailand
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
Timor-Leste
28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from
Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international
recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia
Togo
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Tokelau
none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga
4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Trinidad and Tobago
31 August 1962 (from UK)
Tunisia
20 March 1956 (from France)
Turkey
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Turkmenistan
27 October 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Turks and Caicos Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu
1 October 1978 (from UK)
Uganda
9 October 1962 (from UK)
Ukraine
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (from UK)
United Kingdom
England has existed as a unified entity since the
10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284
with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an
Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland
agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union
of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the
adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of
Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United
Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in
1927
United States
4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)
Uruguay
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Uzbekistan
1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Vanuatu
30 July 1980 (from France and UK)
Venezuela
5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Vietnam
2 September 1945 (from France)
Virgin Islands
none (territory of the US)
Wallis and Futuna
none (overseas territory of France)
Yemen
22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger
of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the
Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen
(Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became
independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a
republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South
Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
Zambia
24 October 1964 (from UK)
Zimbabwe
18 April 1980 (from UK)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)
Afghanistan
NA%
Albania
4% (2007 est.)
Algeria
5% (2007 est.)
American Samoa
NA%
Andorra
NA%
Angola
23.9% (2007 est.)
Anguilla
3.1% (1997 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
NA%
Argentina
7.5% (2007 est.)
Armenia
3.2% (2007 est.)
Aruba
NA%
Australia
4.1% (2007 est.)
Austria
5.7% (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
25% (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The
NA%
Bahrain
5.2% (2007 est.)
Bangladesh
8.4% (2007 est.)
Barbados
-3.2% (2000 est.)
Belarus
5% (2007 est.)
Belgium
2.8% (2007 est.)
Belize
0.5% (2007 est.)
Benin
4.5% (2007 est.)
Bermuda
NA%
Bhutan
9.3% (1996 est.)
Bolivia
1.1% (2007 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
6.7% (2007 est.)
Botswana
4.2% (2007 est.)
Brazil
4.9% (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands
NA%
Brunei
1.8% (2005 est.)
Bulgaria
14% (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso
5.2% (2007 est.)
Burma
9% (2007 est.)
Burundi
6.4% (2007 est.)
Cambodia
15% (2007 est.)
Cameroon
3.5% (2007 est.)
Canada
0.3% (2007 est.)
Cape Verde
7.5% (2007 est.)
Cayman Islands
NA%
Central African Republic
3% (2002)
Chad
2% (2007 est.)
Chile
11.1% (2007 est.)
China
13.4% (2007 est.)
Colombia
9.8% (2007 est.)
Comoros
-2% (1999 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA%
Congo, Republic of the
-12% (2007 est.)
Cook Islands
1% (2002)
Costa Rica
7.3% (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
-1.8% (2007 est.)
Croatia
5.3% (2007 est.)
Cuba
2.5% (2007 est.)
Cyprus
3.8% (2007 est.)
Czech Republic
9.8% (2007 est.)
Denmark
0.5% (2007 est.)
Djibouti
3% (1996 est.)
Dominica
-10% (1997 est.)
Dominican Republic
2.4% (2007 est.)
Ecuador
1.4% (2007 est.)
Egypt
7.5% (2007 est.)
El Salvador
3.4% (2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
10.1% (2007 est.)
Eritrea
2% (2007 est.)
Estonia
7.7% (2007 est.)
Ethiopia
11% (2007 est.)
European Union
3.2% (2006 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA%
Faroe Islands
8% (1999 est.)
Fiji
NA%
Finland
8.1% (2007 est.)
France
1.8% (2007 est.)
French Polynesia
NA%
Gabon
5.2% (2007 est.)
Gambia, The
-2.3% (2007 est.)
Gaza Strip
2.4% (includes West Bank) (2005)
Georgia
13.4% (2007 est.)
Germany
5.2% (2007 est.)
Ghana
7.8% (2007 est.)
Gibraltar
NA%
Greece
2.2% (2007 est.)
Greenland
NA%
Grenada
0.7% (1997 est.)
Guam
NA%
Guatemala
4.8% (2007 est.)
Guernsey
NA%
Guinea
7.6% (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
4.7% (2003 est.)
Guyana
-26.4% (2007 est.)
Haiti
2.5% (2007 est.)
Honduras
4.4% (2007 est.)
Hong Kong
-0.8% (2007 est.)
Hungary
3.5% (2007 est.)
Iceland
9% (2007 est.)
India
8.5% (2007 est.)
Indonesia
4.7% (2007 est.)
Iran
4.8% excluding oil (2007 est.)
Iraq
7.9% (2007 est.)
Ireland
5% (2007 est.)
Isle of Man
3.2% (FY96/97)
Israel
4.1% (2007 est.)
Italy
0.6% (2007 est.)
Jamaica
1.2% (2007 est.)
Japan
1.3% (2007 est.)
Jersey
NA%
Jordan
7.7% (2007 est.)
Kazakhstan
7.2% (2007 est.)
Kenya
6.8% (2007 est.)
Kiribati
0.7% (1991 est.)
Korea, North
NA%
Korea, South
5.5% (2007 est.)
Kuwait
1.7% (2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
9.3% (2007 est.)
Laos
12% (2007 est.)
Latvia
5.4% (2007 est.)
Lebanon
NA%
Lesotho
12% (2007 est.)
Liberia
NA%
Libya
5.6% (2007 est.)
Liechtenstein
NA%
Lithuania
7.4% (2007 est.)
Luxembourg
1.7% (2007 est.)
Macau
3.8% (3rd quarter, 2007)
Macedonia
1.7% (2007 est.)
Madagascar
6% (2007 est.)
Malawi
4.4% (2007 est.)
Malaysia
3.3% (2007 est.)
Maldives
-0.9% (2004 est.)
Mali
NA%
Malta
NA%
Marshall Islands
NA%
Mauritania
2% (2000 est.)
Mauritius
4.7% (2007 est.)
Mayotte
NA%
Mexico
1.4% (2007 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA%
Moldova
1% (2007 est.)
Monaco
NA%
Mongolia
3% (2006 est.)
Montserrat
NA%
Morocco
5% (2007 est.)
Mozambique
10% (2007 est.)
Namibia
9% (2007 est.)
Nauru
NA%
Nepal
2.2% (FY05/06)
Netherlands
3.1% (2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
NA%
New Caledonia
-0.6% (1996)
New Zealand
1.5% (2007 est.)
Nicaragua
5% (2007 est.)
Niger
5.1% (2003 est.)
Nigeria
3.2% (2007 est.)
Niue
NA%
Northern Mariana Islands
NA%
Norway
0.1% (2007 est.)
Oman
3.2% (2007 est.)
Pakistan
8% (2007 est.)
Palau
NA%
Panama
10.5% (2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea
6.4% (2007 est.)
Paraguay
-1% (2007 est.)
Peru
9.8% (2007 est.)
Philippines
7.1% (2007 est.)
Poland
8.9% (2007 est.)
Portugal
2.3% (2007 est.)
Puerto Rico
NA%
Qatar
8% (2007 est.)
Romania
10.6% (2007 est.)
Russia
7.4% (2007 est.)
Rwanda
13.1% (2007 est.)
Saint Helena
NA%
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA%
Saint Lucia
-8.9% (1997 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-0.9% (1997 est.)
Samoa
2.8% (2000)
San Marino
5.6% (2005 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
7% (2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia
2.9% (2007 est.)
Senegal
5.2% (2007 est.)
Serbia
1.8% (2007 est.)
Seychelles
7% (2007 est.)
Sierra Leone
NA%
Singapore
7.4% (2007 est.)
Slovakia
17.2% (2007 est.)
Slovenia
9.5% (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands
NA%
Somalia
NA%
South Africa
4.4% (2007 est.)
Spain
3.1% (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka
7.6% (2007 est.)
Sudan
22% (2007 est.)
Suriname
6.5% (1994 est.)
Swaziland
1.1% (2007 est.)
Sweden
3% (2007 est.)
Switzerland
6.5% (2006 est.)
Syria
2.5% (2007 est.)
Taiwan
9.2% (2007 est.)
Tajikistan
5% (2007 est.)
Tanzania
9.5% (2007 est.)
Thailand
5.4% (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste
8.5% (2004 est.)
Togo
1% (2007 est.)
Tonga
1% (2003 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
6.5% (2007 est.)
Tunisia
7.2% (2007 est.)
Turkey
5.4% (2007 est.)
Turkmenistan
10.3% (2007 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
NA%
Tuvalu
NA%
Uganda
5.8% (2007 est.)
Ukraine
6% (2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates
4.3% (2007 est.)
United Kingdom
0.5% (2007 est.)
United States
-1.7% (2007 est.)
Uruguay
7.9% (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan
12.1% (2007 est.)
Vanuatu
1% (1997 est.)
Venezuela
3.9% (2007 est.)
Vietnam
10.6% (2007 est.)
Virgin Islands
NA%
Wallis and Futuna
NA%
West Bank
2.4% (includes Gaza Strip) (2005)
Western Sahara
NA%
World
5% (2007 est.)
Yemen
3.2% (2007 est.)
Zambia
6.3% (2007 est.)
Zimbabwe
-5% (2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2090 Industries
Afghanistan
small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,
shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal,
copper
Albania
food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement,
chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower
Algeria
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining,
electrical, petrochemical, food processing
American Samoa
tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing
vessels), handicrafts
Andorra
tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber,
banking, tobacco, furniture
Angola
petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite,
uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing;
food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship
repair
Anguilla
tourism, boat building, offshore financial services
Antigua and Barbuda
tourism, construction, light manufacturing
(clothing, alcohol, household appliances)
Argentina
food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables,
textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel
Armenia
diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools,
forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear,
hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments,
microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food
processing, brandy
Aruba
tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining
Australia
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food
processing, chemicals, steel
Austria
construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals,
chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard,
communications equipment, tourism
Azerbaijan
petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield
equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals;
textiles
Bahamas, The
tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum,
aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe
Bahrain
petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron
pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance,
ship repairing, tourism
Bangladesh
cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper
newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar
Barbados
tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for
export
Belarus
metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers,
motorcycles, televisions, synthetic fibers, fertilizer, textiles,
radios, refrigerators
Belgium
engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly,
transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and
beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum
Belize
garment production, food processing, tourism, construction,
oil
Benin
textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement
Bermuda
international business, tourism, light manufacturing
Bhutan
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages,
calcium carbide, tourism
Bolivia
mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco,
handicrafts, clothing
Bosnia and Herzegovina
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese,
bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden
furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil
refining
Botswana
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock
processing; textiles
Brazil
textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin,
steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and
equipment
British Virgin Islands
tourism, light industry, construction, rum,
concrete block, offshore financial center
Brunei
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas,
construction
Bulgaria
electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco;
machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke,
refined petroleum, nuclear fuel
Burkina Faso
cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap,
cigarettes, textiles, gold
Burma
agricultural processing; wood and wood products; copper, tin,
tungsten, iron; cement, construction materials; pharmaceuticals;
fertilizer; natural gas; garments, jade and gems
Burundi
light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly
of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Cambodia
tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood
products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Cameroon
petroleum production and refining, aluminum production,
food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair
Canada
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and
unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish
products, petroleum and natural gas
Cape Verde
food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments,
salt mining, ship repair
Cayman Islands
tourism, banking, insurance and finance,
construction, construction materials, furniture
Central African Republic
gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing,
textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles
Chad
oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, brewing, natron (sodium
carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Chile
copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and
steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles
China
mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other
metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel;
petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products,
including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing;
transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and
locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment,
commercial space launch vehicles, satellites
Christmas Island
tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
copra products and tourism
Colombia
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear,
beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Comoros
fishing, tourism, perfume distillation
Congo, Democratic Republic of the mining (diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt, coltan zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair
Congo, Republic of the
petroleum extraction, cement, lumber,
brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes
Cook Islands
fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing,
handicrafts
Costa Rica
microprocessors, food processing, medical equipment,
textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic
products
Cote d'Ivoire
foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining,
truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials,
electricity, ship construction and repair
Croatia
chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal,
electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper,
wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding,
petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism
Cuba
sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement,
agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals
Cyprus
tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum
production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light
chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay products
Czech Republic
metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles,
glass, armaments
Denmark
iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing,
machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing,
electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products,
shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical
equipment
Dhekelia
none
Djibouti
construction, agricultural processing
Dominica
soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement
blocks, shoes
Dominican Republic
tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold
mining, textiles, cement, tobacco
Ecuador
petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products,
chemicals
Egypt
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light
manufactures
El Salvador
food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals,
fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals
Equatorial Guinea
petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas
Eritrea
food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light
manufacturing, salt, cement
Estonia
engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textiles;
information technology, telecommunications
Ethiopia
food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals,
metals processing, cement
European Union
among the world's largest and most technologically
advanced, the European Union industrial base includes: ferrous and
non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products,
petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail
transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles,
construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding,
electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated
manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment,
fishing, food and beverage processing, furniture, paper, textiles,
tourism
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
fish and wool processing; tourism
Faroe Islands
fishing, fish processing, small ship repair and
refurbishment, handicrafts
Fiji
tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small
cottage industries
Finland
metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and
scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs,
chemicals, textiles, clothing
France
machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft,
electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism
French Polynesia
tourism, pearls, agricultural processing,
handicrafts, phosphates
Gabon
petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals,
ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood,
cement
Gambia, The
processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages,
agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing
Gaza Strip
generally small family businesses that produce textiles,
soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the
Israelis had established some small-scale modern industries in an
industrial center, but operations ceased prior to Israel's
evacuation of Gaza Strip settlements
Georgia
steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances,
mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine
Germany
among the world's largest and most technologically advanced
producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery,
vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages,
shipbuilding, textiles
Ghana
mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting,
food processing, cement, small commercial ship building
Gibraltar
tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Greece
tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals,
metal products; mining, petroleum
Greenland
fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut);
gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining;
handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards
Grenada
food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations,
tourism, construction
Guam
US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services,
concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles
Guatemala
sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals,
petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism
Guernsey
tourism, banking
Guinea
bauxite, gold, diamonds, iron; alumina refining; light
manufacturing, and agricultural processing
Guinea-Bissau
agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks
Guyana
bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining
Haiti
sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light
assembly based on imported parts
Holy See (Vatican City) printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities
Honduras
sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products
Hong Kong
textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping,
electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks
Hungary
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods,
textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Iceland
fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production;
geothermal power, tourism
India
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation
equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software
Indonesia
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear,
mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Iran
petroleum, petrochemicals, fertilizers, caustic soda, textiles,
cement and other construction materials, food processing
(particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous
and non-ferrous metal fabrication, armaments
Iraq
petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction
materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing
Ireland
steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, and gypsum
mining processing; food products, brewing, textiles, clothing;
chemicals, pharmaceuticals; machinery, rail transportation
equipment; glass and crystal; software, tourism
Isle of Man
financial services, light manufacturing, tourism
Israel
high-technology projects (including aviation, communications,
computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber
optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food,
beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals
products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles,
footwear
Italy
tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food
processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics
Jamaica
tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro processing, light
manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products,
telecommunications
Japan
among world's largest and technologically advanced producers
of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and
nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods
Jersey
tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics
Jordan
clothing, phosphate mining, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals,
petroleum refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light
manufacturing, tourism
Kazakhstan
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,
copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron
and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric
motors, construction materials
Kenya
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries,
textiles, clothing, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products,
horticulture, oil refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement,
commercial ship repair, tourism
Kiribati
fishing, handicrafts
Korea, North
military products; machine building, electric power,
chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite,
copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food
processing; tourism
Korea, South
electronics, telecommunications, automobile production,
chemicals, shipbuilding, steel
Kosovo
mineral mining, construction materials, base metals, leather,
machinery, appliances
Kuwait
petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair,
water desalination, food processing, construction materials
Kyrgyzstan
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement,
shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold,
rare earth metals
Laos
copper, tin, gold, and gypsum mining; timber, electric power,
agricultural processing, construction, garments, tourism, cement
Latvia
buses, vans, street and railroad cars; synthetic fibers,
agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios,
electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note -
dependent on imports for energy and raw materials
Lebanon
banking, tourism, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement,
textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture
products, oil refining, metal fabricating
Lesotho
food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts,
construction, tourism
Liberia
rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds
Libya
petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles,
handicrafts, cement
Liechtenstein
electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products,
ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments,
tourism, optical instruments
Lithuania
metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television
sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding
(small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing,
fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic
components, computers, amber jewelry
Luxembourg
banking and financial services, iron and steel,
information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation,
food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires,
glass, aluminum, tourism
Macau
tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear,
toys
Macedonia
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron,
steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals
Madagascar
meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries,
sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant,
paper, petroleum, tourism
Malawi
tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and
manufacturing, light manufacturing, electronics, tin mining and
smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum
production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production
and refining, logging
Maldives
tourism, fish processing, shipping, boat building, coconut
processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand
mining
Mali
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Malta
tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction,
food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, footwear, clothing, tobacco
Marshall Islands
copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items (from
seashells, wood, and pearls)
Mauritania
fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum
Mauritius
food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles,
clothing, mining, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment,
nonelectrical machinery, tourism
Mayotte
newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction
Mexico
food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel,
petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer
durables, tourism
Micronesia, Federated States of
tourism, construction; fish
processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items (from shell, wood,
and pearls)
Moldova
sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural
machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing
machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
Monaco
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer
products
Mongolia
construction and construction materials; mining (coal,
copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold); oil; food
and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural
fiber manufacturing
Montenegro
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer
goods, tourism
Montserrat
tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Morocco
phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing,
leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism
Mozambique
food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints),
aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos,
tobacco
Namibia
meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining
(diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)
Nauru
phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products
Nepal
tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and
oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production
Netherlands
agroindustries, metal and engineering products,
electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum,
construction, microelectronics, fishing
Netherlands Antilles
tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire),
petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities
(Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)
New Caledonia
nickel mining and smelting
New Zealand
food processing, wood and paper products, textiles,
machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism,
mining
Nicaragua
food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products,
textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages,
footwear, wood
Niger
uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food
processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Nigeria
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; palm oil, peanuts, cotton,
rubber, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other
construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals,
fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship
construction and repair
Niue
tourism, handicrafts, food processing
Norfolk Island
tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete
Northern Mariana Islands
tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts
Norway
petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and
paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Oman
crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel,
chemicals, optic fiber
Pakistan
textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals,
construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp
Palau
tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction,
garment making
Panama
construction, brewing, cement and other construction
materials, sugar milling
Papua New Guinea
copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood
production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and
copper; crude oil production, petroleum refining; construction,
tourism
Paraguay
sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel,
metallurgic, electric power
Peru
mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication;
petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish
processing, textiles, clothing, food processing
Philippines
electronics assembly, garments, footwear,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing,
petroleum refining, fishing
Pitcairn Islands
postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey
Poland
machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals,
shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles
Portugal
textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper,
chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, diary products,
wine and other foods, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology,
telecommunications; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism
Puerto Rico
pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products,
tourism
Qatar
crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers,
petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship
repair
Romania
electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear,
light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction
materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining
Russia
complete range of mining and extractive industries producing
coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building
from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles;
defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced
electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation
equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery,
tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and
transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer
durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Rwanda
cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap,
furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes
Saint Helena
construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy
woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales
Saint Kitts and Nevis
tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing,
footwear, beverages
Saint Lucia
clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages,
corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism; lime processing, coconut
processing
Saint Martin
tourism, light industry and manufacturing, heavy
industry
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
fish processing and supply base for
fishing fleets; tourism
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
food processing, cement, furniture,
clothing, starch
Samoa
food processing, building materials, auto parts
San Marino
tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics,
cement, wine
Sao Tome and Principe
light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish
processing, timber
Saudi Arabia
crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic
petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic
soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics, metals, commercial ship repair,
commercial aircraft repair, construction
Senegal
agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining,
fertilizer production, petroleum refining; iron ore, zircon, and
gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair
Serbia
sugar, agricultural machinery, electrical and communication
equipment, paper and pulp, lead, transportation equipment
Seychelles
fishing, tourism, processing of coconuts and vanilla,
coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture;
beverages
Sierra Leone
diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages,
textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small
commercial ship repair
Singapore
electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling
equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber
products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore
platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade
Slovakia
metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity,
gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers;
machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport
vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products
Slovenia
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc
smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks,
automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles,
chemicals, machine tools
Solomon Islands
fish (tuna), mining, timber
Somalia
a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles,
wireless communication
South Africa
mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold,
chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles,
iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship
repair
Spain
textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages,
metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles,
machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear,
pharmaceuticals, medical equipment
Sri Lanka
processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other
agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking;
clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining
Sudan
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar,
soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals,
armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
Suriname
bauxite and gold mining, alumina production; oil,
lumbering, food processing, fishing
Swaziland
coal, wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textiles
and apparel
Sweden
iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and
telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed
foods, motor vehicles
Switzerland
machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision
instruments, tourism, banking, and insurance
Syria
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco,
phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, car assembly
Taiwan
electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals,
textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing,
vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals
Tajikistan
aluminum, zinc, lead; chemicals and fertilizers, cement,
vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and
freezers
Tanzania
agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal
twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil
refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer
Thailand
tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing,
beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and
electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits,
furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's
second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer
Timor-Leste
printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
Togo
phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts,
textiles, beverages
Tokelau
small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking,
plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Tonga
tourism, construction, fishing
Trinidad and Tobago
petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing,
cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Tunisia
petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore),
tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages
Turkey
textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal,
chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber,
paper
Turkmenistan
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food
processing
Turks and Caicos Islands
tourism, offshore financial services
Tuvalu
fishing, tourism, copra
Uganda
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel
production
Ukraine
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals,
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing
(especially sugar)
United Arab Emirates
petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing,
aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction
materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles
United Kingdom
machine tools, electric power equipment, automation
equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor
vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment,
metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food
processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods
United States
leading industrial power in the world, highly
diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor
vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics,
food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining
Uruguay
food processing, electrical machinery, transportation
equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Uzbekistan
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy,
gold, petroleum, natural gas, chemicals
Vanuatu
food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning
Venezuela
petroleum, construction materials, food processing,
textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly
Vietnam
food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining,
coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper
Virgin Islands
tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum
distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics
Wallis and Futuna
copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber
West Bank
generally small family businesses that produce cement,
textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs;
the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in
the settlements and industrial centers
Western Sahara
phosphate mining, handicrafts
World
dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in
computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical
equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a
small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly
adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development
of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating
already grim environmental problems
Yemen
crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale
production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing;
handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial
ship repair
Zambia
copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs,
beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Zimbabwe
mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay,
numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products,
cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs,
beverages
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2091 Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)
Afghanistan
total: 154.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 158.88 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 150.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Albania
total: 19.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Algeria
total: 28.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
American Samoa
total: 10.46 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Andorra
total: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Angola
total: 182.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 194.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 169.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Anguilla
total: 3.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
total: 17.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Argentina
total: 11.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Armenia
total: 20.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.82 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Aruba
total: 14.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Australia
total: 4.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Austria
total: 4.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Azerbaijan
total: 56.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 62.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bahamas, The
total: 23.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 28.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bahrain
total: 15.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bangladesh
total: 57.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 58.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 56.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Barbados
total: 11.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Belarus
total: 6.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Belgium
total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Belize
total: 23.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Benin
total: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bermuda
total: 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bhutan
total: 51.92 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 53.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bolivia
total: 49.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 52.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 9.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Botswana
total: 44.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 44.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 43.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Brazil
total: 23.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
British Virgin Islands
total: 15.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Brunei
total: 12.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Bulgaria
total: 18.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Burkina Faso
total: 86.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 93.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 78.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Burma
total: 49.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 42.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Burundi
total: 60.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 67.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 53.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cambodia
total: 56.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cameroon
total: 64.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Canada
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cape Verde
total: 42.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 48.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cayman Islands
total: 7.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Central African Republic
total: 82.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 88.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 75.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Chad
total: 100.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 106.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 94 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Chile
total: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
China
total: 21.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Christmas Island
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Colombia
total: 19.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Comoros
total: 68.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 60.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 83.11 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 91.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 74.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
total: 81.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 86.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 75.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cook Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Costa Rica
total: 9.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
total: 69.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 77.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Croatia
total: 6.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cuba
total: 5.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Cyprus
total: 6.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Czech Republic
total: 3.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Denmark
total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Djibouti
total: 99.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 106.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 91.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Dominica
total: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Dominican Republic
total: 26.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Ecuador
total: 21.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Egypt
total: 28.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
El Salvador
total: 22.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
total: 83.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 84.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 82.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Eritrea
total: 44.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 50.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 38.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Estonia
total: 7.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Ethiopia
total: 82.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 94.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 70.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
European Union
total: 6.38 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Faroe Islands
total: 6.46 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Fiji
total: 11.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Finland
total: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.81 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
France
total: 3.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
French Polynesia
total: 7.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Gabon
total: 52.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 61.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 43.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Gambia, The
total: 68.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 75.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Gaza Strip
total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Georgia
total: 16.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.81 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Germany
total: 4.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Ghana
total: 52.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 47.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Gibraltar
total: 4.91 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Greece
total: 5.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.77 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Greenland
total: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Grenada
total: 13.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Guam
total: 6.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Guatemala
total: 28.79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.21 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Guernsey
total: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Guinea
total: 67.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 71.02 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
total: 101.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 111.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 91.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Guyana
total: 30.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Haiti
total: 62.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 66.88 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 57.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Honduras
total: 24.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Hong Kong
total: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Hungary
total: 8.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Iceland
total: 3.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
India
total: 32.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 36.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 27.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Indonesia
total: 31.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 36.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Iran
total: 36.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 37.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Iraq
total: 45.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 51.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 39.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Ireland
total: 5.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Isle of Man
total: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Israel
total: 4.28 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Italy
total: 5.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Jamaica
total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Japan
total: 2.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Jersey
total: 5.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Jordan
total: 15.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Kazakhstan
total: 26.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Kenya
total: 56.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 58.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 53.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Kiribati
total: 44.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 49.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 39.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Korea, North
total: 21.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Korea, South
total: 4.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Kuwait
total: 9.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
total: 32.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 37.33 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 27 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Laos
total: 79.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 88.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 69.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Latvia
total: 8.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Lebanon
total: 22.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Lesotho
total: 78.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 83.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 74.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Liberia
total: 143.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 159.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 127.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Libya
total: 21.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Liechtenstein
total: 4.52 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Lithuania
total: 6.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Luxembourg
total: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Macau
total: 3.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Macedonia
total: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Madagascar
total: 55.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Malawi
total: 90.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 94.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Malaysia
total: 16.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Maldives
total: 30.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 27.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mali
total: 103.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 113.41 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 93.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Malta
total: 3.79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Marshall Islands
total: 26.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mauritania
total: 66.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.69 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mauritius
total: 12.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mayotte
total: 57.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 52 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mexico
total: 19.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 27.03 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Moldova
total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Monaco
total: 5.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mongolia
total: 41.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 44.41 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 37.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Montserrat
total: 16.46 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Morocco
total: 38.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 41.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 34.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Mozambique
total: 107.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 110.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 104.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Namibia
total: 45.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 49.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 41.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Nauru
total: 9.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Nepal
total: 62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Netherlands
total: 4.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
total: 9.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
New Caledonia
total: 7.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
New Zealand
total: 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Nicaragua
total: 25.91 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Niger
total: 115.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 119.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 111.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Nigeria
total: 95.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 101.83 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 89.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Niue
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Norfolk Island
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands
total: 6.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Norway
total: 3.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.96 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Oman
total: 17.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Pakistan
total: 66.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 67.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 66.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Palau
total: 13.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Panama
total: 13.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Papua New Guinea
total: 46.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 50.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 42.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Paraguay
total: 25.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Peru
total: 29.53 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.02 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Philippines
total: 21.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Poland
total: 6.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Portugal
total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Puerto Rico
total: 8.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Qatar
total: 13.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Romania
total: 23.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.81 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Russia
total: 10.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Rwanda
total: 83.42 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 88.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 78.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Saint Helena
total: 18.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 14.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Saint Lucia
total: 13.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 7.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 13.62 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 14.83 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Samoa
total: 25.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
San Marino
total: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
total: 38.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 40.11 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Saudi Arabia
total: 11.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Senegal
total: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 62.79 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 54.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Seychelles
total: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Sierra Leone
total: 156.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 173.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 138.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Singapore
total: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Slovakia
total: 6.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Slovenia
total: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Solomon Islands
total: 19.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Somalia
total: 110.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 120.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 101.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
South Africa
total: 45.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 49.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 40.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Spain
total: 4.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Sri Lanka
total: 19.01 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Sudan
total: 86.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 87.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Suriname
total: 19.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.96 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Svalbard
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Swaziland
total: 69.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Sweden
total: 2.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Switzerland
total: 4.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Syria
total: 26.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Taiwan
total: 5.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Tajikistan
total: 42.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 47.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 37.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Tanzania
total: 70.46 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 77.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 63.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Thailand
total: 18.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Timor-Leste
total: 41.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 48.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 35.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Togo
total: 57.66 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 65.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Tokelau
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
Tonga
total: 11.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
total: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Tunisia
total: 23.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Turkey
total: 36.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 40.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 33.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Turkmenistan
total: 51.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 47.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 14.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Tuvalu
total: 18.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Uganda
total: 65.99 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Ukraine
total: 9.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
United Arab Emirates
total: 13.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
United Kingdom
total: 4.93 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
United States
total: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Uruguay
total: 11.66 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.1 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Uzbekistan
total: 24.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 28.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Vanuatu
total: 50.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 53.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Venezuela
total: 22.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Vietnam
total: 23.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Virgin Islands
total: 7.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA (2008 est.)
West Bank
total: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Western Sahara
total: 71.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 71.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 71.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
World
total: 42.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 44.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 39.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Yemen
total: 56.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 60.78 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 51.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Zambia
total: 100.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 105.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 96.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
Zimbabwe
total: 33.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 36.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 31.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)
Afghanistan
13% (2007 est.)
Albania
2.9% (2007 est.)
Algeria
3.5% (2007 est.)
American Samoa
NA%
Andorra
3.2% (2005)
Angola
12.2% (2007 est.)
Anguilla
5.3% (2006 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
1.5% (2007 est.)
Argentina
8.8% official rate; actual rate may be double the official
rate (2007 est.)
Armenia
4.4% (2007 est.)
Aruba
3.4% (2005)
Australia
2.3% (2007 est.)
Austria
2.2% (2007 est.)
Azerbaijan
16.7% (2007 est.)
Bahamas, The
2.4% (2007 est.)
Bahrain
3.3% (2007 est.)
Bangladesh
9.1% (2007 est.)
Barbados
5.5% (2007 est.)
Belarus
8.4% (2007 est.)
Belgium
1.8% (2007 est.)
Belize
2.3% (2007 est.)
Benin
1.3% (2007 est.)
Bermuda
2.8% (November 2005)
Bhutan
4.9% (2007 est.)
Bolivia
8.7% (2007 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.6% (2007 est.)
Botswana
7.1% (2007 est.)
Brazil
3.6% (2007 est.)
British Virgin Islands
2% (2005)
Brunei
0.4% (2007 est.)
Bulgaria
9.8% (2007 est.)
Burkina Faso
-0.2% (2007 est.)
Burma
35% (2007 est.)
Burundi
8.3% (2007 est.)
Cambodia
5.9% (2007 est.)
Cameroon
1.1% (2007 est.)
Canada
2.1% (2007 est.)
Cape Verde
4.4% (2007 est.)
Cayman Islands
4.4% (2004)
Central African Republic
0.9% (2007 est.)
Chad
4% (2007 est.)
Chile
4.4% (2007 est.)
China
4.8% (2007 est.)
Colombia
5.5% (2007 est.)
Comoros
3% (2007 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
16.7% (2007 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
2.7% (2007 est.)
Cook Islands
2.1% (2005 est.)
Costa Rica
9.4% (2007 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
1.9% (2007 est.)
Croatia
4.5% (2007 est.)
Cuba
3.1% (2007 est.)
Cyprus
2.4% (2007 est.)
Czech Republic
2.9% (2007 est.)
Denmark
1.7% (2007 est.)
Djibouti
5% (2007 est.)
Dominica
2.7% (2007 est.)
Dominican Republic
6.1% (2007 est.)
Ecuador
2.3% (2007 est.)
Egypt
9.5% (2007 est.)
El Salvador
4.6% (2007 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
6% (2007 est.)
Eritrea
17% (2007 est.)
Estonia
6.6% (2007 est.)
Ethiopia
17.2% (2007 est.)
European Union
1.8% (2006 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3.6% (1998)
Faroe Islands
1.8% (2005)
Fiji
4.8% (2007)
Finland
2.5% (2007 est.)
France
1.5% (2007 est.)
French Polynesia
1.1% (2006 est.)
Gabon
5% (2007 est.)
Gambia, The
5.1% (2007 est.)
Gaza Strip
3.6% (includes West Bank) (2006)
Georgia
9.3% (2007 est.)
Germany
2.3% (2007 est.)
Ghana
10.7% (2007 est.)
Gibraltar
2.9% (2005)
Greece
2.9% (2007 est.)
Greenland
1% (2005 est.)
Grenada
3.7% (2007 est.)
Guam
2.5% (2005 est.)
Guatemala
6.8% (2007 est.)
Guernsey
3.4% (June 2006)
Guinea
23.4% (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
3.8% (2007 est.)
Guyana
12.3% (2007 est.)
Haiti
8.5% (2007 est.)
Honduras
6.9% (2007 est.)
Hong Kong
2% (2007 est.)
Hungary
8% (2007 est.)
Iceland
5.1% (2007 est.)
India
6.4% (2007 est.)
Indonesia
6.3% (2007 est.)
Iran
17.1% (2007 est.)
Iraq
4.7% (2007 est.)
Ireland
4.9% (2007 est.)
Isle of Man
3.1% (December 2006 est.)
Israel
0.5% (2007 est.)
Italy
1.8% (2007 est.)
Jamaica
9.5% (2007 est.)
Japan
0.1% (2007 est.)
Jersey
3.7% (December 2006)
Jordan
5.4% (2007 est.)
Kazakhstan
10.8% (2007 est.)
Kenya
9.7% (2007 est.)
Kiribati
0.2% (2007 est.)
Korea, North
NA%
Korea, South
2.5% (2007 est.)
Kosovo
2% (2007 est.)
Kuwait
5.5% (2007 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
10.2% (2007 est.)
Laos
4.5% (2007 est.)
Latvia
10.1% (2007 est.)
Lebanon
4.2% (2007 est.)
Lesotho
8% (2007 est.)
Liberia
11.2% (2007 est.)
Libya
6.3% (2007 est.)
Liechtenstein
1% (2001)
Lithuania
5.7% (2007 est.)
Luxembourg
2.3% (2007 est.)
Macau
7.2% (2006)
Macedonia
2.3% (2007 est.)
Madagascar
10.3% (2007 est.)
Malawi
7.9% (2007 est.)
Malaysia 2% note: approximately 30% of goods are price-controlled (2007 est.)
Maldives
5% (2007 est.)
Mali
2.5% (2007 est.)
Malta
1.3% (2007 est.)
Marshall Islands
3% (2005 est.)
Mauritania
7.3% (2007 est.)
Mauritius
8.8% (2007 est.)
Mayotte
1.7% (2005)
Mexico
4% (2007 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
2.2% (2005)
Moldova
12.3% (2007 est.)
Monaco
1.9% (2000)
Mongolia
9% (2007)
Montenegro
3.4% (2007)
Montserrat
2.6% (2002 est.)
Morocco
2% (2007 est.)
Mozambique
8.2% (2007 est.)
Namibia
6.7% (2007 est.)
Nauru
-3.6% (1993)
Nepal
6.4% (2007 est.)
Netherlands
1.6% (2007 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
2.1% (2003 est.)
New Caledonia
1.4% (2000 est.)
New Zealand
2.4% (2007 est.)
Nicaragua
11.1% (2007 est.)
Niger
0.1% (2007 est.)
Nigeria
5.4% (2007 est.)
Niue
4% (2005)
Northern Mariana Islands
-0.8% (2000)
Norway
0.8% (2007 est.)
Oman
5.9% (2007 est.)
Pakistan
7.6% (2007 est.)
Palau
2.7% (2005 est.)
Panama
4.2% (2007 est.)
Papua New Guinea
0.9% (2007 est.)
Paraguay
8.1% (2007 est.)
Peru
1.8% (2007 est.)
Philippines
2.8% (2007 est.)
Poland
2.5% (2007 est.)
Portugal
2.4% (2007 est.)
Puerto Rico
6.5% (2003 est.)
Qatar
13.7% (2007 est.)
Romania
4.8% (2007 est.)
Russia
9% annual average
note: 12% at year-end (2007 est.)
Rwanda
9.1% (2007 est.)
Saint Helena
3.2% (1997 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
4.5% (2007 est.)
Saint Lucia
1.9% (2007 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
8.1% (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
6.1% (2007 est.)
Samoa
6% (2007 est.)
San Marino
-1.5% (2006)
Sao Tome and Principe
18% (2007 est.)
Saudi Arabia
4.1% (2007 est.)
Senegal
5.9% (2007 est.)
Serbia
6.8% (2007)
Seychelles
5.3% (2007 est.)
Sierra Leone
11.7% (2007 est.)
Singapore
2.1% (2007 est.)
Slovakia
2.8% (2007 est.)
Slovenia
3.6% (2007 est.)
Solomon Islands
6.3% (2007 est.)
Somalia
NA%; note - businesses print their own money, so inflation
rates cannot be easily determined
South Africa
6.5% (2007 est.)
Spain
2.8% (2007 est.)
Sri Lanka
15.8% (2007 est.)
Sudan
8% (2007 est.)
Suriname
6.4% (2007 est.)
Swaziland
8.1% (2007 est.)
Sweden
2.2% (2007 est.)
Switzerland
0.7% (2007 est.)
Syria
12.2% (2007 est.)
Taiwan
1.8% (2007 est.)
Tajikistan
13.1% (2007 est.)
Tanzania
7% (2007 est.)
Thailand
2.2% (2007 est.)
Timor-Leste
7.8% (2007 est.)
Togo
1% (2007 est.)
Tokelau
NA%
Tonga
5.9% (2007 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
7.9% (2007 est.)
Tunisia
3.1% (2007 est.)
Turkey
8.7% (2007 est.)
Turkmenistan
11.3% (2007 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
4% (1995)
Tuvalu
3.8% (2006 est.)
Uganda
6.1% (2007 est.)
Ukraine
12.8% (2007 est.)
United Arab Emirates
14% (2007 est.)
United Kingdom
2.3% (2007 est.)
United States
2.9% (2007 est.)
Uruguay
8.1% (2007 est.)
Uzbekistan
12% officially, but 38% based on analysis of consumer
prices (2007 est.)
Vanuatu
3.9% (2007 est.)
Venezuela
18.7% (2007 est.)
Vietnam
8.3% (2007 est.)
Virgin Islands
2.2% (2003)
Wallis and Futuna
2.8% (2005)
West Bank
3.6% (includes Gaza Strip) (2006)
Western Sahara
NA%
World
developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries
5% to 20% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in
individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation
in one Third World country (Zimbabwe); inflation rates have declined
for most countries for the last several years, held in check by
increasing international competition from several low wage countries
(2005 est.)
Yemen
10% (2007 est.)
Zambia
10.6% (2007 est.)
Zimbabwe
12,563% official data; private sector estimates are much
higher (2007 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2093 Waterways (km)
Afghanistan
1,200 km (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to
500 DWT) (2007)
Albania
43 km (2007)
Angola
1,300 km (2007)
Argentina
11,000 km (2006)
Australia
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and
Murray-Darling river systems) (2006)
Austria
358 km (2007)
Bangladesh
8,370 km
note: includes up to 3,060 km main cargo routes; network reduced to
5,200 km in dry season (2006)
Belarus
2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country
and by shallowness) (2003)
Belgium
2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2006)
Belize
825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2007)
Benin
150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2005)
Bolivia
10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2007)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sava River (northern border) open to shipping
but use limited (2006)
Brazil
50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population)
(2007)
Brunei
209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2007)
Bulgaria
470 km (2007)
Burma
12,800 km (2007)
Burundi
mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2005)
Cambodia
2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005)
Cameroon
navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy
season (2005)
Canada
636 km
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2007)
Central African Republic
2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and
Sangha rivers) (2006)
Chad
Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2006)
China
124,000 km navigable (2006)
Colombia
18,000 km (2006)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
15,000 km (2005)
Congo, Republic of the
1,125 km (commercially navigable on Congo and
Oubanqui rivers) (2006)
Costa Rica
730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2007)
Cote d'Ivoire
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal
lagoons) (2006)
Croatia
785 km (2007)
Cuba
240 km (2007)
Czech Republic
664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other
navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2006)
Denmark
400 km (2007)
Ecuador
1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2006)
Egypt
3,500 km
note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,
and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including
approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m
(2006)
El Salvador
Rio Lempa partially navigable for small craft (2007)
Estonia
320 km (2006)
European Union
52,332 km (2006)
Fiji
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
(2006)
Finland
7,842 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased
from Russia (2006)
France
metropolitan France: 8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft
of 3,000 metric tons)
French Guiana: 3,760 km (460 km navigable by small oceangoing
vessels and coastal and river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft)
(2006)
Gabon
1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2007)
Gambia, The
390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can
reach 190 km) (2006)
Germany
7,467 km
note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North
Sea and Black Sea (2006)
Ghana
1,293 km
note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano
rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta
(2007)
Greece
6 km
note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens
sea voyage by 325 km (2007)
Guatemala
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during high-water season (2007)
Guinea
1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2005)
Guinea-Bissau
rivers are navigable for some distance; many inlets
and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior (2007)
Guyana
Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2006)
Honduras
465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)
Hungary
1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2007)
India
14,500 km
note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for
mechanized vessels (2006)
Indonesia
21,579 km (2007)
Iran
850 km (on Karun River; additional service on Lake Urmia) (2006)
Iraq
5,279 km
note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third
River (565 km) are principal waterways (2006)
Ireland
956 km (pleasure craft only) (2007)
Italy
2,400 km
note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared
to road and rail (2006)
Japan
1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2007)
Kazakhstan
4,000 km (on the Ertis ((Irtysh)) River (80%) and Syr
Darya ((Syrdariya)) River) (2006)
Kenya
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya
(2006)
Kiribati
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2007)
Korea, North
2,250 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)
Korea, South
1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)
Kyrgyzstan
600 km (2007)
Laos
4,600 km
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,900 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2007)
Latvia
300 km (2006)
Liechtenstein
28 km (2006)
Lithuania
441 km (2006)
Luxembourg
37 km (on Moselle River) (2007)
Madagascar
600 km (2006)
Malawi
700 km (on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River) (2007)
Malaysia
7,200 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km; Sabah 1,500 km; Sarawak 2,500 km
(2005)
Mali
1,800 km (2007)
Mexico
2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals) (2007)
Moldova
424 km (on Dniester and Prut rivers) (2007)
Mongolia
580 km
note: only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol (135 km); Selenge
River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry
little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May
to September (2004)
Mozambique
460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora
Bassa Lake) (2007)
Netherlands
6,211 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2006)
Nicaragua
2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (2007)
Niger
300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya
between September and March) (2005)
Nigeria
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and
creeks) (2007)
Norway
1,577 km (2007)
Panama
800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2007)
Papua New Guinea
11,000 km (2006)
Paraguay
3,100 km (2007)
Peru
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca (2007)
Philippines
3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m)
(2007)
Poland
3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2006)
Portugal
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2006)
Romania
1,731 km
note: includes 1,075 km on Danube River, 524 km on secondary
branches, and 132 km on canals (2006)
Russia
102,000 km (including 33,000 km with guaranteed depth)
note: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White
Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2006)
Rwanda
Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
(2006)
Senegal
1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance
rivers) (2005)
Serbia
587 km (primarily on Danube and Sava rivers) (2005)
Sierra Leone
800 km (600 km year round) (2005)
Slovakia
172 km (on Danube River) (2005)
Spain
1,000 km (2003)
Sri Lanka
160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2006)
Sudan
4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile
rivers) (2006)
Suriname
1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m)
(2005)
Sweden
2,052 km (2005)
Switzerland
65 km (Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee) (2003)
Syria
900 km (not economically significant) (2005)
Tajikistan
200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2006)
Tanzania
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal
avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable
(2005)
Thailand 4,000 km note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2005)
Togo
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)
Turkey
1,200 km (2005)
Turkmenistan
1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland
waterways) (2006)
Uganda
on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and
parts of Albert Nile (2005)
Ukraine
2,253 km (most on Dnieper River) (2006)
United Kingdom
3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2003)
United States
41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce)
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2007)
Uruguay
1,600 km (2005)
Uzbekistan
1,100 km (2006)
Venezuela
7,100 km
note: Orinoco River (400 km) and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by
oceangoing vessels (2005)
Vietnam
17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft)
(2005)
World
671,886 km (2004)
Zambia
2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and
Luapula rivers) (2005)
Zimbabwe
on Lake Kariba (2005)
This page was last updated on 18 December 2008
@2094 Judicial branch
Afghanistan
the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama
or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms
by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate
High Courts and Appeals Courts; there is also a minister of justice;
a separate Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission established by
the Bonn Agreement is charged with investigating human rights abuses
and war crimes
Albania
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by
the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals
and district courts
Algeria
Supreme Court
American Samoa
High Court (chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
Andorra
Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the
Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or
Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice
or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional
Angola
Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are
appointed by the president)
Anguilla
High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme
Court)
Antigua and Barbuda
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); member
Caribbean Court of Justice
Argentina
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court
judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate)
note: the Supreme Court currently has two unfilled vacancies, and
the Argentine Congress is considering a bill to reduce the number of
Supreme Court judges to five
Armenia
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)
Aruba
Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the
monarch)
Australia
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are
appointed by the governor general)
Austria
Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;
Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court
or Verfassungsgerichtshof
Azerbaijan
Supreme Court
Bahamas, The
Privy Council in London; Courts of Appeal; Supreme
(lower) Court; Magistrates' Courts
Bahrain
High Civil Appeals Court
Bangladesh
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)
Barbados
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services); Caribbean
Court of Justice is the highest court of appeal
Belarus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)
Belgium
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice
Council)
Belize
Supreme Court of Judicature (the chief justice is appointed
by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court
of Appeal
Benin
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice
Bermuda
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Bhutan
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch); note - the draft constitution establishes
a Supreme Court, which will serve as chief court of appeal
Bolivia
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year
terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases);
Constitutional Tribunal (five primary or titulares and five
alternate or suplente magistrates appointed by Congress; to rule on
constitutional issues); National Electoral Court (six members
elected by Congress, Supreme Court, the President, and the political
party with the highest vote in the last election for 4-year terms)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
BH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights); BH State Court (consists of
nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and
Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law
and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities); a
War Crimes Chamber opened in March 2005
note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a
number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the
Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska
has five municipal courts
Botswana
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)
Brazil
Supreme Federal Tribunal or STF (11 ministers are appointed
for life by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher
Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are
appointed for life); note - though appointed "for life," judges,
like all federal employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70
British Virgin Islands
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction
Brunei
Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by
monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in
London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Sharia courts deal
with Islamic laws (2006)
Bulgaria
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)
Burkina Faso
Supreme Court; Appeals Court
Burma
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive
Burundi
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; High
Court of Justice (composed of the Supreme Court and the
Constitutional Court)
Cambodia
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority
Cameroon
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly)
Canada
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)
Cape Verde
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Cayman Islands
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal
Central African Republic
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the
president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts
Chad
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts
Chile
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected every three years by the 20-member court); Constitutional
Tribunal
China
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local People's Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate, and basic courts); Special People's Courts (primarily
military, maritime, railway transportation, and forestry courts)
Christmas Island
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court
Colombia
four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme
Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of
criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees
of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of
State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from
the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms);
Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the
constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the
constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council
(administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves
jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are
elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)
Comoros
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the
president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected
by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of
the republic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Constitutional Court; Appeals
Court or Cour de Cassation; Council of State; High Military Court;
plus civil and military courts and tribunals
Congo, Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Cook Islands
High Court
Costa Rica
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for renewable eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
Cote d'Ivoire
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members
Croatia
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the Assembly
Cuba
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)
Cyprus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president
and vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in the area administered by
Turkish Cypriots
Czech Republic
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
Denmark
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
Djibouti
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Dominica
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of
Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)
Dominican Republic
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
appointed by the National Judicial Council comprised of the
president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president
of the Supreme Court, and an additional non-governing party
congressional representative)
Ecuador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the
Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in
December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire
court via a simple-majority resolution)
Egypt
Supreme Constitutional Court
El Salvador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (15 judges are selected
by the Legislative Assembly; the 15 judges are assigned to four
Supreme Court chambers - constitutional, civil, penal, and
administrative conflict)
Equatorial Guinea
Supreme Tribunal
Eritrea
High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also
have military and special courts
Estonia
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)
Ethiopia
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)
European Union
Court of Justice of the European Communities (ensures
that the treaties are interpreted and applied uniformly throughout
the EU; resolve constitutional issues among the EU institutions) -
27 justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year
term; note - for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 13
justices known as the "Grand Chamber"; Court of First Instance - 27
justices appointed for a six-year term
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Faroe Islands
none
Fiji
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of
Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts
Finland
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)
France
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat
French Polynesia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First
Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative
Law or Tribunal Administratif
Gabon
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts
Gambia, The
Supreme Court
Georgia
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's or chairman of the Supreme Court's recommendation);
Constitutional Court; first and second instance courts
Germany
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)
Ghana
Supreme Court
Gibraltar
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Greece
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council
Greenland
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)
Grenada
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of a court of
Appeal and a High Court of Justice (a High Court judge is assigned
to and resides in Grenada)
Guam
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)
Guatemala
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitucionalidad is
Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent
five-year terms); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de
Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a
president of the Court each year from among their number; the
president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)
Guernsey
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)
Guinea
Court of First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance;
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Guinea-Bissau
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists
of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his
pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);
Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals
for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases
valued at more than $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not
necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases valued at less
than $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)
Guyana
Supreme Court of Judicature, consisting of the High Court and
the Judicial Court of Appeal, with right of final appeal to the
Caribbean Court of Justice
Haiti
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Holy See (Vatican City)
there are three tribunals responsible for
civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other
tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope
PIUS XII on 1 May 1946
Honduras
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15
judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)
Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region
Hungary
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)
Iceland
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices
are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)
India
Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are
appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the
age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")
Indonesia
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the
president from a list of candidates selected by the legislature); a
separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by
the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court
assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower
court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Labor
Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in
January 2006
Iran
The Supreme Court (Qeveh Qazaieh) and the four-member High
Council of the Judiciary have a single head and overlapping
responsibilities; together they supervise the enforcement of all
laws and establish judicial and legal policies; lower courts include
a special clerical court, a revolutionary court, and a special
administrative court
Iraq
the Iraq Constitution calls for the federal judicial power to
be comprised of the Higher Juridical Council, Federal Supreme Court,
Federal Court of Cassation, Public Prosecution Department, Judiciary
Oversight Commission and other federal courts that are regulated in
accordance with the law
Ireland
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)
Isle of Man
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)