MDL

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$NA

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$573.9 million (2004)

Currency (code):

Moldovan leu (MDL)

Currency code:

Exchange rates:

Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar - 12.177 (2007), 13.131 (2006), 12.6 (2005), 12.33 (2004), 13.945 (2003)

Communications
Moldova

Telephones - main lines in use:

1.08 million (2007)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

1.883 million (2007)

Telephone system:

general assessment: inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau; some modernization is under way domestic: depending on location, new subscribers may face long wait for service; multiple private operators of GSM mobile-cellular telephone service are operating; GPRS system is being introduced; a CDMA mobile telephone network began operations in 2007; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 70 per 100 persons international: country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - at least 3 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik) (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 2, FM 29, shortwave NA (2006)

Radios:

3.22 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

40 (2006)

Televisions:

1.26 million (1997)

Internet country code:

.md

Internet hosts:

223,869 (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

2 (1999)

Internet users:

700,000 (2007)

Transportation
Moldova

Airports:

10 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 1,980 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 1,138 km broad gauge: 1,124 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 12,666 km paved: 12,117 km unpaved: 549 km (2007)

Waterways:

424 km (on Dniester and Prut rivers) (2007)

Merchant marine:

total: 39 by type: bulk carrier 2, cargo 32, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 2, petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 17 (Egypt 1, Romania 3, Russia 3, Syria 1, Turkey 3, Ukraine 5, Yemen 1) (2008)

Military
Moldova

Military branches:

National Army: Ground Forces, Rapid Reaction Forces, Air and Air
Defense Forces (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for compulsory military service; 12-month service obligation (2006)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,161,924 females age 16-49: 1,187,771 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 877,070 females age 16-49: 994,091 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 33,053 female: 31,712 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

0.4% of GDP (2005 est.)

Transnational Issues
Moldova

Disputes - international:

Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor the transit of people and commodities through Moldova's break-away Transnistria region, which remains under OSCE supervision

Trafficking in persons:

current situation: Moldova is a major source and, to a lesser extent, a transit country for women and girls trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; Moldovan women are trafficked to the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe; girls and young women are trafficked within the country from rural areas to Chisinau; children are also trafficked to neighboring countries for forced labor and begging; labor trafficking of men to work in the construction, agriculture, and service sectors of Russia is increasingly a problem tier rating: Tier 3 - Moldova does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government failed to follow-up on allegations of officials complicit in trafficking cited in the 2007 Report, and it did not demonstrate proactive efforts to identify trafficking victims (2008)

Illicit drugs:

limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

@Monaco

Introduction
Monaco

Background:

The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family secured control in the late 13th century, and a principality was established in 1338. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

Geography
Monaco

Location:

Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy

Geographic coordinates: