Gwp (part 22)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT

Faroe Islands
white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to
the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted
toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Fiji
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the
flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered
by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm
tree, bananas, and a white dove

Finland
white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag;
the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the
style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

France
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and
red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the
origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the
design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags,
including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire,
Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French
dependent areas

French Guiana
the flag of France is used

French Polynesia
two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white
band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave
pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the
upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave
pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions

French Southern and Antarctic Lands
the flag of France is used

Gabon
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue

Gambia, The
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with
white edges, and green

Georgia
white rectangle, in its central portion a red cross
connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners
is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears
to date back to the 14th century

Germany
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold

Ghana
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green
with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag
of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Gibraltar
two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red
with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band;
hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band

Glorioso Islands
the flag of France is used

Greece
nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white;
there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a
white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established
religion of the country

Greenland
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a
large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of
the disk is red, the bottom half is white

Grenada
a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top
and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a
red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed
stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in
the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the
center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the
hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer
of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven
administrative divisions

Guadeloupe
unofficial, local flag based upon the arms of the city of
Pointe-a-Pitre; the field is divided horizontally with a narrow,
blue stripe along the top edge charged with three gold
fleurs-de-lis; the wider, lower portion of the field is black and
charged with green sugar cane leaves - representing one of
Guadeloupe's main crops - surmounted by a gold radiant sun
representing the tropical climate; the only official flag is the
national flag of France

Guam
territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all
four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse
containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree
with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the
national flag

Guatemala
three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side),
white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white
band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the
national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE
SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain)
all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed
swords and framed by a wreath

Guernsey
white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of
England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed
cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross

Guinea
three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and
green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guinea-Bissau
two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green
with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black
five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular
pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guyana
green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist
side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow,
black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border
between the yellow and the green

Haiti
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a
centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a
palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing
the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
the flag of Australia is used

Holy See (Vatican City)
two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side)
and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed
keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara,
centered in the white band

Honduras
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue
with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered
in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former
Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El
Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words
REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white
band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a
triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and
AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Hong Kong
red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in
the center

Howland Island
the flag of the US is used

Hungary
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green

Iceland
blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the
edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the
hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Iles Eparses
the flag of France is used

India
three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange)
(top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel)
centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has
a small orange disk centered in the white band

Indonesia
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar
to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of
Poland, which is white (top) and red

Iran
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red;
the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in
the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in
the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is
repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11
times along the top edge of the red band

Iraq
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black
with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in
the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green
Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to
the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the
Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two
stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain white band, and that
of Egypt which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white
band; design is based upon the Arab Liberation colors

Ireland
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and
has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green;
also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors
of green (hoist side), white, and red

Isle of Man
red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in
the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the
knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of
the flag, a two-sided emblem is used

Israel
white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as
the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal
horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag

Italy
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green
(hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the
Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side),
white, and green
note: inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in
1797

Jamaica
diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles -
green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side)

Jan Mayen
the flag of Norway is used

Japan
white with a large red disk (representing the sun without
rays) in the center

Jarvis Island
the flag of the US is used

Jersey
white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of
the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red
shield with the three lions of England in yellow

Johnston Atoll
the flag of the US is used

Jordan
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the
Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and
green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle
on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and
bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven
verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven
points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national
spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is
based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I

Juan de Nova Island
the flag of France is used

Kazakhstan
sky blue background representing the endless sky and a
gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the
center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold

Kenya
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green;
the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering
crossed spears is superimposed at the center

Kingman Reef
the flag of the US is used

Kiribati
the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying
over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three
horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean

Korea, North
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple
width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side
of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star

Korea, South
white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the
center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching
(Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field

Kuwait
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red
with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates
to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I

Kyrgyzstan
red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays
representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run
counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the
sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized
representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt

Laos
three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and
red with a large white disk centered in the blue band

Latvia
three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width),
and maroon

Lebanon
three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white
(middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree
centered in the white band

Lesotho
three horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green in
the proportions of 3:4:3; the colors represent rain, peace, and
prosperity respectively; centered in the white stripe is a black
Basotho hat representing the indigenous people; the flag was
unfurled in October 2006 to celebrate 40 years of independence

Liberia
11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue
square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the
US flag

Libya
plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the
state religion)

Liechtenstein
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with
a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band

Lithuania
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and
red

Luxembourg
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a
darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Macau
light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and
water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one
large in center of arc and four smaller

Macedonia
a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the
edges of the red field

Madagascar
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a
vertical white band of the same width on hoist side

Malawi
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green
with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band

Malaysia
14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with
white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side
corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the
crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design
was based on the flag of the US

Maldives
red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a
vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the
hoist side of the flag

Mali
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and
red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Malta
two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the
upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross,
edged in red

Marshall Islands
blue with two stripes radiating from the lower
hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star
with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the
two stripes

Martinique
unofficial flag, derives from the civil ensign flown by
French merchant ships and dates to 1766; a blue field quartered by a
white cross; in the center of each rectangle is a white, coiled
snake representing the venomous Fer-de-lance; the flag of France is
used for official occasions

Mauritania
green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow,
horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the
crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Mauritius
four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow,
and green

Mayotte
unofficial, local flag with the coat of arms of Mayotte
centered on a white field, above which the name of the island
appears in red capital letters; the main elements of the coat of
arms, flanked on either side by a seahorse, appear above a scroll
with the motto RA HACHIRI (We are Vigilant); the only official flag
is the national flag of France

Mexico
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in
its beak) is centered in the white band

Micronesia, Federated States of
light blue with four white
five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond
pattern

Midway Islands
the flag of the US is used

Moldova
same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of
blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a
Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons
carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its
right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast
is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox
head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow

Monaco
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to
the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which
is white (top) and red

Mongolia
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and
red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national
emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric
representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang
symbol)

Montenegro
a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe
with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered

Montserrat
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer
half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside
a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross

Morocco
red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known
as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and
green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red
is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian
gulf; design dates to 1912

Mozambique
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and
yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the
black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow
five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black
superimposed on an open white book

Namibia
a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper
left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower
right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is
contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders

Nauru
blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the
center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the
hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to
the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12
original tribes of Nauru

Navassa Island
the flag of the US is used

Nepal
red with a blue border around the unique shape of two
overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a
white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white
12-pointed sun

Netherlands
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue
and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating
with WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th
century

Netherlands Antilles
white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the
center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five
white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the
center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main
islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten

New Caledonia
the flag of France is used

New Zealand
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in
the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross
constellation

Nicaragua
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and
blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the
coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE
NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to
the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by
the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in
the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five
blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Niger
three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green
with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the
white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked
wheel centered in the white band

Nigeria
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and
green

Niue
yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars -
a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each
arm of the bold red cross

Norfolk Island
three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white,
and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in
the slightly wider white band

Northern Mariana Islands
blue, with a white, five-pointed star
superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional
foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a
wreath

Norway
red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the
edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the
hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Oman
three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width
with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national
emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed
swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the
vertical band

Pakistan
green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of
religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and
star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color
green are traditional symbols of Islam

Palau
light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon)
shifted slightly to the hoist side

Palmyra Atoll
the flag of the US is used

Panama
divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are
white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and
plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and
white with a red five-pointed star in the center

Papua New Guinea
divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner;
the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise
centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed
stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered

Paraguay
three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue
with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the
emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the
left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star
within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY,
all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears
the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty
and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words
REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)

Peru
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red
with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms
features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of
quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all
framed by a green wreath

Philippines
two equal horizontal bands of blue (top; representing
peace and justice) and red (representing courage); a white
equilateral triangle based on the hoist side represents equality;
the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary
rays, each representing one of the first eight provinces that sought
independence from Spain; each corner of the triangle contains a
small, yellow, five-pointed star representing the three major
geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao;
the design of the flag dates to 1897; in wartime the flag is flown
upside down with the red band at the top

Pitcairn Islands
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered
on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green,
and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor

Poland
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to
the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white

Portugal
two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and
red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the
dividing line

Puerto Rico
five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist
side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design
initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag,
with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed

Qatar
maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on
the hoist side

Reunion
unofficial, local flag designed to emphasize solidarity
among the people of Reunion; the field is divided vertically with
three narrow stripes of blue, white, and red along the hoist edge
representing the French national flag; the remainder of the field is
divided diagonally into four triangles colored (clockwise from the
hoist side) blue, golden yellow, red, and green; in the center, the
apexes of the triangles are surmounted by a white disk; the only
official flag is the national flag of France

Romania
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and
red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the
yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also
resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova

Russia
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red

Rwanda
three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width),
yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end
of the blue band

Saint Helena
blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of
the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted
sailing ship

Saint Kitts and Nevis
divided diagonally from the lower hoist side
by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the
black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the
lower triangle is red

Saint Lucia
blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black
arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist
side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under
the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three
parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal
cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing
the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white
background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red
background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one
above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by
colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the
flag of France is used for official occasions

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
three vertical bands of blue (hoist
side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three
green diamonds arranged in a V pattern

Samoa
red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant
bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern
Cross constellation

San Marino
two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue
with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat
of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked
by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word
LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Sao Tome and Principe
three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow
(double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed
side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles
triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African
colors of Ethiopia

Saudi Arabia
green, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with the
Shahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as
"There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above a
white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design
dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with
the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932

Senegal
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow,
and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow
band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Serbia
three equal horizontal stripes of red (top), blue, and white;
charged with the coat of arms of Serbia shifted slightly to the
hoist side

Seychelles
five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red,
white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side

Sierra Leone
three equal horizontal bands of light green (top),
white, and light blue

Singapore
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near
the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent
(closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five
white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle

Slovakia
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
superimposed with the coat of arms of Slovakia (consisting of a red
shield bordered in white and bearing a white Cross of Lorraine
surmounting three blue hills); the coat of arms is centered
vertically and offset slightly to the hoist side

Slovenia
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red,
with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav,
Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the
center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and
rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an
inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the
Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th
and early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoist
side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands

Solomon Islands
divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the
lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue
with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the
lower triangle is green

Somalia
light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the
center; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN

South Africa
two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue
separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal Y,
the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y
embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are
separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are
separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
blue, with the flag of
the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and
the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half
of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion
centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a
penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below
it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the
Lion Protect its Own Land)

Spain
three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width),
and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the
yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the
Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and
Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar

Sri Lanka
yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has
two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other
panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a
sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow
field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between
the two panels

Sudan
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black
with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side

Suriname
five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white,
red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a
large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band

Svalbard
the flag of Norway is used

Swaziland
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width),
and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band
is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff
decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally

Sweden
blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the
flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in
the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Switzerland
red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the
center that does not extend to the edges of the flag

Syria
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black,
colors associated with the Arab Liberation flag; two small green
five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band;
former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two stars
represented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; similar to
the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which has
three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line
centered in the white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold
Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; the current design
dates to 1980

Taiwan
red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays

Tajikistan
three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of
white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold,
five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Tanzania
divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the
lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green
and the lower triangle is blue

Thailand
five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double
width), white, and red

Togo
five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom)
alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red
square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African
colors of Ethiopia

Tokelau
the flag of New Zealand is used

Tonga
red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner

Trinidad and Tobago
red with a white-edged black diagonal band from
the upper hoist side to the lower fly side

Tromelin Island
the flag of France is used

Tunisia
red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent
nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are
traditional symbols of Islam

Turkey
red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is
toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just
outside the crescent opening

Turkmenistan
green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist
side, containing five tribal guls (designs used in producing
carpets) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the
olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon representing
Islam with five white stars representing the regions or velayats of
Turkmenistan appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly
side of the red stripe

Turks and Caicos Islands
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer
half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell,
lobster, and cactus

Tuvalu
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country
with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands

Uganda
six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red,
black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center
and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the
hoist side

Ukraine
two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow
represent grain fields under a blue sky

United Arab Emirates
three equal horizontal bands of green (top),
white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side

United Kingdom
blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron
saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red
cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is
superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron
saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly
called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue
Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including
other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or
provinces, and British overseas territories

United States
13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars
arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and
bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent
the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies;
known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a
number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and
Puerto Rico

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
the flag of the US is
used

Uruguay
nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom)
alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper
hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as
the Sun of May with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and
wavy

Uzbekistan
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and
green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and
12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant

Vanuatu
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a
black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by
a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two
points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle);
centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed
namele leaves, all in yellow

Venezuela
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and
red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and
an arc of eight white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band

Vietnam
red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center

Virgin Islands
white, with a modified US coat of arms in the center
between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a
yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows
in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white
stripes below a blue panel

Wake Island
the flag of the US is used

Wallis and Futuna
unofficial, local flag has a red field with four
white isosceles triangles in the middle, representing the three
native kings of the islands and the French administrator; the apexes
of the triangles are oriented inward and at right angles to each
other; the flag of France, outlined in white on two sides, is in the
upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is the only official flag

Yemen
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;
similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and of
Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription), in a
horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag
of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band

Zambia
green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist
side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer
edge of the flag

Zimbabwe
seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black,
red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in
black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird
representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a
red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which
symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral
wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands
for the native people

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2085 Roadways (km)

Afghanistan
total: 34,789 km
paved: 8,231 km
unpaved: 26,558 km (2003)

Albania
total: 18,000 km
paved: 7,020 km
unpaved: 10,980 km (2002)

Algeria
total: 104,000 km
paved: 71,656 km
unpaved: 32,344 km (1999)

American Samoa
total: 185 km (2004)

Andorra
total: 269 km
paved: 198 km
unpaved: 71 km

Angola
total: 51,429 km
paved: 5,349 km
unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)

Anguilla
total: 105 km
paved: 65 km
unpaved: 40 km (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda
total: 1,165 km
paved: 384 km
unpaved: 781 km (2002)

Argentina
total: 229,144 km
paved: 68,809 km (including 734 km of expressways)
unpaved: 160,335 km (2004)

Armenia
total: 7,633 km
paved: 7,633 km (includes 1,561 km of expressways) (2003)

Aruba
total: 800 km
paved: 513 km
unpaved: 287 km

Australia
total: 810,641 km
paved: 336,962 km
unpaved: 473,679 km (2004)

Austria
total: 133,718 km
paved: 133,718 km (including 1,677 km of expressways) (2003)

Azerbaijan
total: 27,016 km
paved: 12,698 km (including 128 km of expressways)
unpaved: 14,318 km (2003)

Bahamas, The
total: 2,693 km
paved: 1,546 km
unpaved: 1,147 km (1999)

Bahrain
total: 3,498 km
paved: 2,768 km
unpaved: 730 km (2003)

Bangladesh
total: 239,226 km
paved: 22,726 km
unpaved: 216,500 km (2003)

Barbados
total: 1,600 km
paved: 1,600 km (2003)

Belarus
total: 93,055 km
paved: 93,055 km (2003)

Belgium
total: 149,757 km
paved: 117,110 km (including 1,747 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,647 km (2003)

Belize
total: 2,872 km
paved: 488 km
unpaved: 2,384 km (1999)

Benin
total: 16,000 km
paved: 1,400 km
unpaved: 14,600 km (2005)

Bermuda
total: 447 km
paved: 447 km
note: public roads - 225 km; private roads - 222 km (2002)

Bhutan
total: 8,050 km
paved: 4,991 km
unpaved: 3,059 km (2003)

Bolivia
total: 60,762 km
paved: 4,314 km (including 11 km of expressways)
unpaved: 56,448 km (2003)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 21,846 km
paved: 11,425 km (4,686 km of interurban roads)
unpaved: 10,421 km (2005)

Botswana
total: 25,233 km
paved: 8,867 km
unpaved: 16,366 km (2003)

Brazil
total: 1,724,929 km
paved: 94,871 km
unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000)

British Indian Ocean Territory
total: NA
paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on
Diego Garcia

British Virgin Islands
total: 177 km
paved: 177 km (2002)

Brunei
total: 2,525 km
paved: 2,338 km
unpaved: 187 km (2000)

Bulgaria
total: 102,016 km
paved: 93,855 km (including 328 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,161 km (2003)

Burkina Faso
total: 12,506 km
paved: 2,001 km
unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)

Burma
total: 27,000 km
paved: 3,200 km
unpaved: 23,800 km (2005)

Burundi
total: 14,480 km
paved: 1,028 km
unpaved: 13,452 km (1999)

Cambodia
total: 12,323 km
paved: 1,996 km
unpaved: 10,327 km (2000)

Cameroon
total: 80,932 km
paved: 5,398 km
unpaved: 75,534 km (2002)

Canada
total: 1,042,300 km
paved: 415,600 km (including 17,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 626,700 km (2005)

Cape Verde
total: 1,350 km
paved: 932 km
unpaved: 418 km (2000)

Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2002)

Central African Republic
total: 23,810 km (1999)

Chad
total: 33,400 km
paved: 267 km
unpaved: 33,133 km (1999)

Chile
total: 79,605 km
paved: 16,080 km (including 407 km of expressways)
unpaved: 63,525 km (2001)

China
total: 1,809,829 km
paved: 1,447,682 km (with at least 29,745 km of expressways)
unpaved: 362,147 km (2003)

Christmas Island
total: 142 km
paved: 32 km
unpaved: 110 km (2006)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: 22 km
paved: 10 km
unpaved: 12 km (2006)

Colombia
total: 110,000 km
paved: 26,000 km
unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)

Comoros
total: 880 km
paved: 673 km
unpaved: 207 km (1999)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways) (1999)

Congo, Republic of the
total: 12,800 km
paved: 1,242 km
unpaved: 11,558 km (1999)

Cook Islands
total: 320 km
paved: 33 km
unpaved: 287 km (2003)

Costa Rica
total: 35,889 km
paved: 8,075 km
unpaved: 27,814 km (2003)

Cote d'Ivoire
total: 80,000 km
paved: 6,500 km
unpaved: 73,500 km
note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt
roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are
impassable (2006)

Croatia
total: 28,344 km
paved: 24,186 km (including 742 km of expressways)
unpaved: 4,158 km (2004)

Cuba
total: 60,858 km
paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway)
unpaved: 31,038 km (1999)

Cyprus
total: 14,496 km (Republic of Cyprus: 12,146 km; north
Cyprus: 2,350 km)
paved: Republic of Cyprus: 7,845 km (including 276 km of
expressways); north Cyprus: 1,370 km
unpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,301 km; north Cyprus: 980 km
(2005/1996 est.)

Czech Republic
total: 127,747 km
paved: 127,747 km (including 518 km of expressways) (2003)

Denmark
total: 72,257 km
paved: 72,257 km (including 1,032 km of expressways) (2005)

Djibouti
total: 2,890 km
paved: 364 km
unpaved: 2,526 km (1999)

Dominica
total: 780 km
paved: 393 km
unpaved: 387 km (1999)

Dominican Republic
total: 12,600 km
paved: 6,224 km
unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)

East Timor
total: 5,000 km
paved: 2,500 km
unpaved: 2,500 km (2005)

Ecuador
total: 43,197 km
paved: 7,287 km
unpaved: 35,910 km (2003)

Egypt
total: 64,000 km
paved: 49,984 km
unpaved: 14,016 km (1999)

El Salvador
total: 10,029 km
paved: 1,986 km
unpaved: 8,043 km (1999)

Equatorial Guinea
total: 2,880 km (1999)

Eritrea
total: 4,010 km
paved: 874 km
unpaved: 3,136 km (1999)

Estonia
total: 56,849 km
paved: 13,303 km (including 99 km of expressways)
unpaved: 45,546 km (2003)

Ethiopia
total: 33,856 km
paved: 4,367 km
unpaved: 29,489 km (2003)

European Union total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of expressways) paved: 4,161,318 km unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2003)

Faroe Islands total: 458 km note: no roads between towns (2003)

Fiji
total: 3,440 km
paved: 1,692 km
unpaved: 1,748 km (1999)

Finland
total: 78,189 km
paved: 50,633 km (including 653 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,556 km (2006)

France
total: 891,290 km
paved: 891,290 km (including 10,390 km of expressways) (2003)

French Guiana
total: 817 km (1998)

French Polynesia
total: 2,590 km
paved: 1,735 km
unpaved: 855 km (1999)

Gabon
total: 32,333 km
paved: 6,247 km
unpaved: 26,086 km (2003)

Gambia, The
total: 3,742 km
paved: 723 km
unpaved: 3,019 km (2003)

Gaza Strip
note: see entry for West Bank

Georgia total: 20,247 km paved: 7,973 km unpaved: 12,274 km (2003)

Germany total: 231,581 km paved: 231,581 km (including 12,200 km of expressways) (2005)

Ghana
total: 42,623 km
paved: 3,267 km
unpaved: 39,356 km (2004)

Gibraltar
total: 29 km
paved: 29 km (2002)

Greece
total: 116,470 km
paved: 106,920 km (including 880 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,550 km (1999)

Greenland
total: NA
note: while there are short roads in towns, there are no roads
between towns; inter-town transport takes place either by sea or air
(2005)

Grenada total: 1,127 km paved: 687 km unpaved: 440 km (1999)

Guadeloupe
total: 947 km (2002)

Guam
total: 977 km (2004)

Guatemala
total: 14,095 km
paved: 4,863 km (including 75 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,232 km (1999)

Guernsey
total: NA

Guinea
total: 44,348 km
paved: 4,342 km
unpaved: 40,006 km (2003)

Guinea-Bissau
total: 4,400 km
paved: 453 km
unpaved: 3,947 km (1999)

Guyana
total: 7,970 km
paved: 590 km
unpaved: 7,380 km (1999)

Haiti
total: 4,160 km
paved: 1,011 km
unpaved: 3,149 km (1999)

Honduras
total: 13,603 km
paved: 2,775 km
unpaved: 10,828 km (1999)

Hong Kong
total: 1,955 km
paved: 1,955 km (2005)

Hungary
total: 159,568 km
paved: 70,050 km (30,874 km of interurban roads including 626 km of
expressways)
unpaved: 89,518 km (2005)

Iceland
total: 13,028 km
paved/oiled gravel: 4,241 km (does not include urban roads)
unpaved: 8,787 km (2005)

India
total: 3,851,440 km
paved: 2,411,001 km
unpaved: 1,440,439 km (2002)

Indonesia
total: 368,360 km
paved: 213,649 km
unpaved: 154,711 km (2002)

Iran
total: 178,152 km
paved: 118,115 km (including 751 km of expressways)
unpaved: 60,037 km (2002)

Iraq
total: 45,550 km
paved: 38,399 km
unpaved: 7,151 km (1999)

Ireland
total: 95,736 km
paved: 95,736 km (including 125 km of expressways) (2002)

Isle of Man
total: 800 km
paved: 800 km (1999)

Israel
total: 17,364 km
paved: 17,364 km (including 126 km of expressways) (2004)

Italy
total: 479,688 km
paved: 479,688 km (including 6,478 km of expressways) (2004)

Jamaica
total: 18,700 km
paved: 13,009 km
unpaved: 5,610 km (1999)

Japan
total: 1.183 million km
paved: 925,000 km (including 6,946 km of expressways)
unpaved: 258,000 km (2003)

Jersey
total: 577 km

Jordan total: 7,364 km paved: 7,364 km (2003)

Kazakhstan total: 258,029 km paved: 247,347 km unpaved: 10,682 km (2003)

Kenya
total: 63,000 km (interurban roads)
paved: 7,623 km
unpaved: 55,377 km
note: there also are 100,000 km of rural roads and 14,500 km of
urban roads for a national total of 177,500 km (2004)

Kiribati
total: 670 km (1999)

Korea, North
total: 31,200 km
paved: 1,997 km
unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)

Korea, South
total: 97,252 km
paved: 74,641 km (including 3,060 km of expressways)
unpaved: 22,611 km (2004)

Kuwait
total: 4,450 km
paved: 3,587 km
unpaved: 863 km (1999)

Kyrgyzstan
total: 18,500 km
paved: 16,854 km
unpaved: 1,646 km (1999)

Laos
total: 32,620 km
paved: 4,590 km
unpaved: 28,030 km (2002)

Latvia total: 69,919 km paved: 69,919 km (2003)

Lebanon
total: 7,300 km
paved: 6,198 km
unpaved: 1,102 km (1999)

Lesotho
total: 5,940 km
paved: 1,087 km
unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)

Liberia
total: 10,600 km
paved: 657 km
unpaved: 9,943 km (1999)

Libya
total: 83,200 km
paved: 47,590 km
unpaved: 35,610 km (1999)

Liechtenstein
total: 380 km
paved: 380 km (2006)

Lithuania
total: 79,497 km
paved: 70,549 km (including 417 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,948 km (2005)

Luxembourg
total: 5,210 km
paved: 5,210 km (including 147 km of expressways) (2002)

Macau
total: 368 km
paved: 368 km (2005)

Macedonia
total: 8,684 km
paved: 5,540 km
unpaved: 3,144 km (1999)

Madagascar
total: 49,827 km
paved: 5,780 km
unpaved: 44,047 km (1999)

Malawi
total: 28,400 km
paved: 5,254 km
unpaved: 23,146 km (1999)

Malaysia
total: 71,814 km
paved: 55,943 km
unpaved: 15,871 km (2001)

Maldives
total: 88 km
paved roads: 88 km - 60 km in Male; 14 km on Addu Atolis; 14 km on
Laamu
note: village roads are mainly compacted coral (2006)

Mali
total: 15,100 km
paved: 1,827 km
unpaved: 13,273 km (1999)

Malta
total: 2,227 km
paved: 2,014 km
unpaved: 213 km (2004)

Marshall Islands total: 64.5 km paved: 64.5 km note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)

Martinique total: 2,105 km (including 261 km of expressways) (2000)

Mauritania total: 7,660 km paved: 866 km unpaved: 6,794 km (1999)

Mauritius total: 2,020 km paved: 2,020 km (including 75 km of expressways) (2005)

Mayotte
total: 93 km
paved: 72 km
unpaved: 21 km

Mexico
total: 349,038 km
paved: 116,928 km (including 6,979 km of expressways)
unpaved: 232,110 km (2003)

Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 240 km
paved: 42 km
unpaved: 198 km (1999)

Midway Islands
total: NA

Moldova
total: 12,730 km
paved: 10,973 km
unpaved: 1,757 km (2003)

Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km (1999)

Mongolia
total: 49,250 km
paved: 1,724 km
unpaved: 47,526 km (2002)

Montenegro
total: 7,353 km
paved: 4,274 km
unpaved: 3,079 km (2005)

Montserrat
total: 227 km
note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the
road system (2003)

Morocco
total: 57,694 km
paved: 32,551 km (including 417 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,143 km (2002)

Mozambique
total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km
unpaved: 24,715 km (1999)

Namibia
total: 42,237 km
paved: 5,406 km
unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)

Nauru
total: 30 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)

Nepal
total: 15,905 km
paved: 8,573 km
unpaved: 7,332 km (2003)

Netherlands
total: 134,000 km (including 3,270 km of expressways)
(2004)

New Caledonia
total: 5,432 km (2000)

New Zealand
total: 92,662 km
paved: 59,109 km (including 169 km of expressways)
unpaved: 33,553 km (2003)

Nicaragua
total: 19,036 km
paved: 2,299 km
unpaved: 16,737 km (2005)

Niger
total: 10,100 km
paved: 798 km
unpaved: 9,302 km (1999)

Nigeria
total: 194,394 km
paved: 60,068 km
unpaved: 134,326 km (1999)

Niue
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km
unpaved: 148 km (2001)

Norfolk Island
total: 80 km
paved: 53 km
unpaved: 27 km (2002)

Northern Mariana Islands
total: 536 km (2004)

Norway
total: 92,513 km
paved: 71,832 km (including 664 km of expressways)
unpaved: 20,681 km (2005)

Oman
total: 34,965 km
paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)

Pakistan
total: 255,856 km
paved: 157,975 km (including 367 km of expressways)
unpaved: 97,881 km (2004)

Palau
total: 61 km
paved: 36 km
unpaved: 25 km

Panama
total: 11,643 km
paved: 4,028 km
unpaved: 7,615 km (2000)

Papua New Guinea
total: 19,600 km
paved: 686 km
unpaved: 18,914 km (1999)

Paraguay
total: 29,500 km
paved: 14,986 km
unpaved: 14,514 km (1999)

Peru
total: 78,672 km
paved: 10,314 km (including 276 km of expressways)
unpaved: 68,358 km (2003)

Philippines
total: 200,037 km
paved: 19,804 km
unpaved: 180,233 km (2003)

Pitcairn Islands
total: 6 km
unpaved: 6 km (dirt roads)

Poland
total: 423,997 km
paved: 295,356 km (including 405 km of expressways)
unpaved: 128,641 km (2004)

Portugal
total: 72,600 km
paved: 62,436 km (including 1,700 km of expressways)
unpaved: 10,164 km (2002)

Puerto Rico
total: 25,645 km
paved: 24,363 km (including 426 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,282 km (2004)

Qatar
total: 1,230 km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1999)

Reunion
total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)

Romania
total: 198,817 km
paved: 60,043 km (including 228 km of expressways)
unpaved: 138,774 km (2003)

Russia
total: 871,000 km
paved: 738,000 km (including 29,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 133,000 km
note: includes public and departmental roads (2004)

Rwanda
total: 12,000 km
paved: 996 km
unpaved: 11,004 km (1999)

Saint Helena
total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km,
Tristan da Cunha 20 km)
paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km)
unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km) (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 320 km
paved: 138 km
unpaved: 182 km (1999 est)

Saint Lucia
total: 910 km
paved: 48 km
unpaved: 862 km (2000)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 829 km
paved: 580 km
unpaved: 249 km (2003)

Samoa
total: 790 km
paved: 332 km
unpaved: 458 km (1999)

San Marino total: 104 km paved: 104 km (2003)

Sao Tome and Principe
total: 320 km
paved: 218 km
unpaved: 102 km (1999)

Saudi Arabia
total: 152,044 km
paved: 45,461 km
unpaved: 106,583 km (2000)

Senegal
total: 13,576 km
paved: 3,972 km (including 7 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,604 km (2003)

Serbia
total: 37,887 km
paved: 23,937 km
unpaved: 13,950 km (2002)

Seychelles
total: 458 km
paved: 440 km
unpaved: 18 km (2003)

Sierra Leone
total: 11,300 km
paved: 904 km
unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)

Singapore
total: 3,234 km
paved: 3,234 km (including 150 km of expressways) (2005)

Slovakia
total: 42,993 km
paved: 37,533 km (including 316 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,460 km (2003)

Slovenia total: 38,400 km paved: 38,400 km (including 477 km of expressways) (2003)

Solomon Islands
total: 1,360 km
paved: 34 km
unpaved: 1,326 km (1999)

Somalia
total: 22,100 km
paved: 2,608 km
unpaved: 19,492 km (1999)

South Africa
total: 362,099 km
paved: 73,506 km
unpaved: 288,593 km (2002)

Spain
total: 666,292 km
paved: 659,629 km (including 12,009 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,663 km (2003)

Sri Lanka
total: 97,287 km
paved: 78,802 km
unpaved: 18,485 km (2003)

Sudan
total: 11,900 km
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (1999)

Suriname
total: 4,492 km
paved: 1,168 km
unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)

Swaziland
total: 3,594 km
paved: 1,078 km
unpaved: 2,516 km (2002)

Sweden
total: 424,981 km
paved: 132,339 km (including 1,544 km of expressways)
unpaved: 292,642 km (2003)

Switzerland
total: 71,297 km
paved: 71,297 km (including 1,726 of expressways) (2004)

Syria
total: 91,795 km
paved: 18,451 km
unpaved: 73,344 km (2003)

Taiwan
total: 37,299 km
paved: 35,621 km (including 1,789 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)

Tajikistan
total: 27,767 km (2000)

Tanzania
total: 78,891 km
paved: 6,808 km
unpaved: 72,083 km (2003)

Thailand
total: 57,403 km
paved: 56,542 km
unpaved: 861 km (2000)

Togo
total: 7,520 km
paved: 2,376 km
unpaved: 5,144 km (1999)

Tonga
total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (1999)

Trinidad and Tobago
total: 8,320 km
paved: 4,252 km
unpaved: 4,068 km (1999)

Tunisia
total: 18,997 km
paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)

Turkey
total: 347,553 km
paved: 154,807 km (including 1,886 km of expressways)
unpaved: 192,747 km (2004)

Turkmenistan
total: 24,000 km
paved: 19,488 km
unpaved: 4,512 km (1999)

Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km (2003)

Tuvalu
total: 8 km
paved: 8 km (2002)

Uganda
total: 70,746 km
paved: 16,272 km
unpaved: 54,474 km (2003)

Ukraine
total: 169,447 km
paved: 164,772 km (including 15 km of expressways)
unpaved: 4,675 km (2004)

United Arab Emirates
total: 1,088 km
paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) (1999)

United Kingdom
total: 387,674 km
paved: 387,674 km (including 3,523 km of expressways) (2004)

United States
total: 6,407,637 km
paved: 4,164,964 km (including 74,950 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,242,673 km (2004)

Uruguay
total: 77,732 km
paved: 7,743 km
unpaved: 69,989 km (2004)

Uzbekistan
total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km
unpaved: 10,363 km (1999)

Vanuatu
total: 1,070 km
paved: 256 km
unpaved: 814 km (1999)

Venezuela
total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (1999)

Vietnam
total: 222,179 km
paved: 42,167 km
unpaved: 180,012 km (2004)

Virgin Islands
total: 1,257 km (2004)

West Bank
total: 4,158 km
paved: 4,158 km
note: includes Gaza Strip (2003)

World
total: 32,345,165 km
paved: 19,403,061 km
unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)

Yemen
total: 71,300 km
paved: 6,200 km
unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)

Zambia
total: 91,440 km
paved: 20,117 km
unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)

Zimbabwe
total: 97,440 km
paved: 18,514 km
unpaved: 78,926 km (2002)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2086 Illicit drugs

Afghanistan
world's largest producer of opium; cultivation dropped
48% to 107,400 hectares in 2005; better weather and lack of
widespread disease returned opium yields to normal levels, meaning
potential opium production declined by only 10% to 4,475 metric
tons; if the entire poppy crop were processed, it is estimated that
526 metric tons of heroin could be processed; source of hashish;
many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade
source of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the
trade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan
opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal
financial networks

Albania
increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian
opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to
a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for
Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production;
ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding
in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional
trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens

Angola
used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for
Western Europe and other African states

Anguilla
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe

Antigua and Barbuda
considered a minor transshipment point for
narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an
offshore financial center

Argentina
used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for
Europe; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border
Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing

Armenia
illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic
consumption; minor transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium
and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser
extent the rest of Europe

Aruba
transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some
accompanying money-laundering activity

Australia
Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit
opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of
opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Austria
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South
American cocaine destined for Western Europe

Azerbaijan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program;
transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a
lesser extent the rest of Europe

Bahamas, The
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
US and Europe; offshore financial center

Bangladesh
transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring
countries

Barbados
one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics
bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center

Belarus
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and
via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and
lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering
legislation does not meet international standards; few
investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities

Belgium
growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for
US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American
cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin,
hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a
strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to
money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and
tobacco

Belize
transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer
of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering
activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector

Benin
transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian
trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western
Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly
regulated financial infrastructure

Bolivia
world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and
Peru) with an estimated 26,500 hectares under cultivation in August
2005, an 8% increase from 2004; intermediate coca products and
cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile
to European drug markets; cultivation steadily increasing despite
eradication and alternative crop programs; money-laundering activity
related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil
and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina
minor transit point for marijuana and opiate
trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to
money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and
unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of
corruption

Brazil
illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca
cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption;
government has a large-scale eradication program to control
cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian,
and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also used by traffickers as
a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and
Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling;
important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine;
illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered
through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity
in the Tri-Border Area

British Virgin Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial
center makes it vulnerable to money laundering

Brunei
drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled
substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory
death penalty

Bulgaria
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the
European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money
laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions

Burma
remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium
(estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003
due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900
hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will to take
on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment
against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug
effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional
consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force
countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate
money-laundering controls (2005)

Cambodia
narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in
the government, military, and police; possible small-scale heroin
and methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due
to its cash-based economy and porous borders

Canada
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and
export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant
large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point
for ecstasy entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money
laundering because of its mature financial services sector

Cape Verde
used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving
from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of
a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center

Cayman Islands
offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug
transshipment to the US and Europe

Chile
important transshipment country for cocaine destined for
Europe; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile
more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits,
especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new
anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors
passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising

China
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden
Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for
chemical precursors and methamphetamine

Colombia
illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis;
world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2004 was
114,100 hectares, virtually unchanged from 2003, but down one-third
from its peak of 169,800 ha); producing a potential of 430 mt of
pure cocaine; the world's largest producer of coca derivatives;
supplying most of the US market and the great majority of cocaine to
other international drug markets; important supplier of heroin to
the US market; opium poppy cultivation fell 50% between 2003 and
2004 to 2,100 hectares yielding a potential 3.8 metric tons of pure
heroin, mostly for the US market; in 2004, aerial eradication
treated over 130,000 hectares of coca but aggressive replanting on
the part of growers means Colombia remains a key producer; a
significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either
laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso
exchange

Congo, Democratic Republic of the illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Costa Rica
transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South
America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots;
domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising

Cote d'Ivoire
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local
consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American
cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant
corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial
system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering
center

Croatia
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian
heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for
maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Cuba
territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone
for US and European-bound drugs; established the death penalty for
certain drug-related crimes in 1999

Cyprus
minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and
container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;
some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of
anti-money-laundering legislation, remains vulnerable to money
laundering; reporting of suspicious transactions in offshore sector
remains weak

Czech Republic
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe;
producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets;
susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking,
organized crime

Dominica
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and
Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement
is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money
laundering

Dominican Republic
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for
ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada;
substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics
traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial
transactions

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
significant transit country for cocaine originating in
Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in
production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for
cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of
dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime; increased
activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and
Colombian insurgents

Egypt
transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin
and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for
Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax
enforcement of financial regulations

El Salvador
transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of
marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on
the rise

Estonia
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest
Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to
Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western
Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem;
possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money
laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a
concern, as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds

Ethiopia
transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America, as well as
cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat
(khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti
and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center

France
transshipment point for and consumer of South American
cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics

French Guiana
small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption;
minor transshipment point to Europe

Georgia
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via
Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia

Germany
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine
processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic
drugs; major financial center

Ghana
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a
lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the
US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a
well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility
as a money-laundering center

Greece
a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and
heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and
precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine
transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug
trafficking and organized crime

Grenada
small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point
for marijuana and cocaine to US

Guatemala
major transit country for cocaine and heroin; in 2004,
reemerged as a potential source of opium, growing 330 hectares of
opium poppy, with potential pure heroin production of 1.4 metric
tons; 76% of opium poppy cultivation in western highlands along
Mexican border; marijuana cultivation for mostly domestic
consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging
area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a
serious problem; corruption is a major problem

Guyana
transshipment point for narcotics from South America -
primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis;
rising money laundering related to drug trafficking and human
smuggling

Haiti
Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US
and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian
narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial
transactions; pervasive corruption

Honduras
transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit
producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally
for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some
money-laundering activity

Hong Kong
makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces
difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and
methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system
provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of
synthetic drugs, especially among young people

Hungary
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis
and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited
producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and
methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money
laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

India
world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical
trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit
international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics
produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone;
vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system

Indonesia
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
producer of methamphetamine and ecstasy

Iran
despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to
official Iranian statistics there are at least 2 million drug users
in the country; lacks anti-money-laundering laws

Ireland
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for
Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money
laundering - using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies
involving the offshore financial community - remains a concern

Israel
increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs
arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan;
money-laundering center

Italy
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money
laundering by organized crime and from smuggling

Jamaica
transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North
America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has
an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major
concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics
traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions

Kazakhstan
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS
markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra
(for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit
crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia
and the rest of Europe

Kenya
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa;
significant potential for money-laundering activity given the
country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption,
and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities

Korea, North
for years, from the 1970s into the 2000s, citizens of
the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of
them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad
while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December
2004; police investigations in Taiwan and Japan in recent years have
linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and
methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant
ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003

Kyrgyzstan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy
for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops;
transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the
rest of Europe

Laos
estimated cultivation in 2004 - 10,000 hectares, a 45% decrease
from 2003; estimated potential production in 2004 - 49 metric tons,
a significant decrease from 200 metric tons in 2003 (2005)

Latvia
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American
cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; despite
improved legislation, vulnerable to money laundering due to nascent
enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of
offshore companies and the gaming industry; CIS organized crime
(including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and
prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds

Lebanon
cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares
in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin
American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way
to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption

Liberia
transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin
and South American cocaine for the European and US markets;
corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade
provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
major money-laundering center

Liechtenstein
has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money
laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated
offshore financial services sector

Lithuania
transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs
from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western
Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and
ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking
legislation

Macedonia
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for
Europe; although not a financial center and most criminal activity
is thought to be domestic, money laundering is a problem due to a
mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or
prosecutions for money laundering to date)

Madagascar
illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild
varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point
for heroin

Malaysia
regional transit point for some illicit drugs; drug
trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties

Malta
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
Western Europe

Martinique
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
the US and Europe

Mauritius
minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from
South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally;
significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money
laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the
government appears generally to be committed to regulating its
banking industry

Mexico
major drug-producing nation; cultivation of opium poppy in
2004 amounted to 3,500 hectares, but opium cultivation stayed within
the range - between 3,500 and 5,500 hectares - observed in nine of
the last 12 years; potential production of 9 metric tons of pure
heroin, or 23 metric tons of "black tar" heroin, the dominant form
of Mexican heroin in the western United States; marijuana
cultivation decreased 23% to 5,800 hectares in 2004 after
decade-high cultivation peak in 2003; potential production of 10,400
metric tons of marijuana in 2004; government conducts the largest
independent illicit-crop eradication program in the world; major
supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and
methamphetamine to the US market; continues as the primary
transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America,
accounting for about 90% of estimated annual cocaine movement to the
US; major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking
throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy;
significant money-laundering center

Moldova
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and
possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

Montserrat
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe

Morocco
illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly
directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South
America destined for Western Europe

Mozambique
Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish
and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the
European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local
consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa);
corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed
financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center

Nepal
illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and
international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast
Asia to the West

Netherlands
major European producer of ecstasy, illicit
amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for
cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of
US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money
laundering

Netherlands Antilles
transshipment point for South American drugs
bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Nicaragua
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for
European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for
Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major
money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity;
Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting
in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's)
Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006;
Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by
FATF

Pakistan
opium poppy cultivation declined 58% to 3,147 hectares in
2005; federal and provincial authorities continue to conduct
anti-poppy campaigns that force eradication - fines and arrests will
take place if the ban on poppy cultivation is not observed; key
transit point for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine,
and hashish, bound for Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa;
financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption,
and smuggling remain problems

Panama
major cocaine transshipment point and primary
money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering
activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore
financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring
of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains
a major problem

Paraguay
major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for
Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, and
Europe; corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in
the Tri-Border Area; weak anti-money-laundering laws and enforcement

Peru
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; cultivation
of coca in Peru fell 15% to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end
of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia
for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out
from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing
amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to
Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to
Europe and Africa

Philippines
domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing
problem in recent years; longstanding marijuana producer

Poland
major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the
international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin
American illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal
gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest
Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil);
transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe;
consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Romania
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant
financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable
to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange
houses, and casinos

Russia
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption;
government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as
transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American
cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent
Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source
of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are
key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market

Saint Kitts and Nevis
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis
cultivation

Saudi Arabia
death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption
of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; improving anti-money-laundering
legislation and enforcement

Senegal
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin
and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America;
illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to
Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money
laundering

Singapore
as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, as a venue for
money laundering

Slovakia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market

Slovenia
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana,
and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market
for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India
through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of
marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the
increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the
region

Spain
key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American
cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market;
destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin; money-laundering site for Colombian narcotics trafficking
organizations and organized crime

Suriname
growing transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for Europe via the Netherlands and Brazil; transshipment
point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland
a major international financial center vulnerable to the
layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite
significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules
persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through
offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Syria
a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and
Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls and bank
privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering

Taiwan
regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major
problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin;
renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem

Tajikistan
major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for
Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited
illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption;
Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia
and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw
opium)

Tanzania
growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast
Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African,
European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for
southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit
transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
methamphetamine production for regional consumption; major consumer
of methamphetamine since the 1990s

Togo
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money
laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey
and near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas
of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw
concentrate; lax enforcement of money-laundering controls

Turkmenistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor
chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the
West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment
point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin
America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved
anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the
Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and
Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering
regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates
the UAE is a drug transshipment point for
traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug producing
countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it
vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving, but informal banking remains unregulated

United Kingdom
producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and
synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs;
money-laundering center

United States
world's largest consumer of cocaine, shipped from
Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin,
marijuana, and increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of
high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis,
marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and
methamphetamine; money-laundering center

Uzbekistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for
domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by
government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin
precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the
processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large
quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country
from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related
money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia
and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily
targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by
Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam
minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point
for Southeast Asian heroin; government continues to face domestic
opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems despite longstanding
crackdowns

World
cocaine: worldwide coca cultivation in 2004 amounted to
166,200 hectares; Colombia produced slightly more than two-thirds of
the worldwide crop, followed by Peru and Bolivia; potential pure
cocaine production of 645 metric tons in 2004 marked the lowest
level of Andean cocaine production in the past 10 years; Colombia
conducts aggressive coca eradication campaign, but both Peruvian and
Bolivian Governments are hesitant to eradicate coca in key growing
areas; 376 metric tons of export-quality cocaine are documented to
have been seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned
or destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to
have been 800 metric tons
opiates: worldwide illicit opium poppy cultivation reached 258,630
hectares in 2004; potential opium production of 5,444 metric tons
was highest total recorded since estimates began in mid-1980s;
Afghanistan is world's primary opium producer, accounting for 91% of
the global supply; Southeast Asia - responsible for 7% of global
opium - continued to diminish in importance in the world opium
market; Latin America produced 2% of global opium, but most refined
into heroin destined for United States; if all opium processed into
pure heroin, the potential global production would be 632 metric
tons of heroin in 2004

Zambia
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and
possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled
with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it
an unattractive venue for money launderers

Zimbabwe
transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin,
mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and
European markets

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2087 Imports

Afghanistan
$3.87 billion (2005 est.)

Albania
$2.473 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Algeria
$22.53 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

American Samoa
$308.8 million (FY04 est.)

Andorra
$1.077 billion (1998)

Angola
$8.165 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Anguilla
$129.9 million (2005 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
$378 million (2004 est.)

Argentina
$28.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Armenia
$1.5 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Aruba
$875 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Australia
$119.6 billion (2005 est.)

Austria
$118.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan
$4.656 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
$1.82 billion (2004 est.)

Bahrain
$7.83 billion (2005 est.)

Bangladesh
$12.97 billion (2005 est.)

Barbados
$1.476 billion (2004 est.)

Belarus
$16.94 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Belgium
$264.5 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Belize
$622.4 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Benin
$1.043 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Bermuda
$982 million (2004 est.)

Bhutan
$196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)

Bolivia
$1.845 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
$6.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Botswana
$3.37 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Brazil
$78.02 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

British Virgin Islands
$187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei
$1.641 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Bulgaria
$16.78 billion f.o.b. (2005)

Burkina Faso
$992 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Burma
$3.454 billion f.o.b.
note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of
consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from
Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004)

Burundi
$200 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cambodia
$3.538 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cameroon
$2.514 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Canada
$317.7 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cape Verde
$500 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cayman Islands
$866.9 million (2004)

Central African Republic
$203 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Chad
$749.1 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Chile
$30.09 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

China
$631.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Christmas Island
$NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
$NA

Colombia
$18 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Comoros
$115 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$1.319 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
$806.5 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cook Islands
$81.04 million (2005)

Costa Rica
$9.69 billion (2005 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
$4.759 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Croatia
$18.93 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cuba
$6.916 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: $5.552 billion f.o.b.;; north Cyprus:
$415.2 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Czech Republic
$76.59 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Denmark
$74.69 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Djibouti
$987 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Dominica
$234 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Dominican Republic
$9.747 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

East Timor
$202 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador
$8.436 billion (2005 est.)

Egypt
$24.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

El Salvador
$6.678 billion (2005 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
$1.864 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Eritrea
$676.5 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Estonia
$9.189 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Ethiopia
$2.722 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

European Union
$1.402 trillion; note - external imports, excluding
intra-EU trade (2004)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$90 million (2004 est.)

Faroe Islands
$639 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Fiji
$1.462 billion c.i.f. (2005)

Finland
$56.45 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

France
$473.3 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

French Guiana
$625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)

French Polynesia
$1.706 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Gabon
$1.533 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Gambia, The
$197 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Gaza Strip
$1.952 billion c.i.f.; note - includes West Bank (2003)

Georgia
$2.5 billion (2005 est.)

Germany
$801 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Ghana
$4.273 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Gibraltar
$2.967 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Greece
$48.2 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Greenland
$601 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Grenada
$276 million (2004 est.)

Guadeloupe
$1.766 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Guam
$701 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guatemala
$7.744 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Guernsey
$NA

Guinea
$680 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
$176 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guyana
$681.6 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Haiti
$1.471 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Honduras
$4.161 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Hong Kong
$291.6 billion (2005 est.)

Hungary
$64.83 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Iceland
$4.582 billion (2005 est.)

India
$113.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Indonesia
$62.02 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Iran
$42.5 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Iraq
$19.57 billion f.o.b. (2004)

Ireland
$65.47 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Isle of Man
$NA

Israel
$43.19 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Italy
$369.2 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Jamaica
$4.093 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Japan
$451.1 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Jersey
$NA

Jordan
$8.681 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
$17.51 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Kenya
$5.126 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Kiribati
$62 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Korea, North
$2.819 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Korea, South
$256 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Kuwait
$12.23 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
$937.4 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Laos
$541 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Latvia
$8.19 billion f.o.b. (2005)

Lebanon
$8.855 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Lesotho
$1.166 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Liberia
$4.839 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Libya
$10.82 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Liechtenstein
$917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania
$15.5 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Luxembourg
$18.74 billion c.i.f. (2005 est.)

Macau
$3.478 billion c.i.f. (2004)

Macedonia
$3.196 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Madagascar
$1.4 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Malawi
$645 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Malaysia
$118.7 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Maldives
$567 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mali
$1.858 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malta
$3.859 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Marshall Islands
$54.7 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique
$2.307 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Mauritania
$1.124 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mauritius
$2.507 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Mayotte
$256.7 million f.o.b. (2004)

Mexico
$223.7 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
$132.7 million f.o.b. (2004)

Moldova
$2.23 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Monaco
$636.6 million $NA
note: full customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France

Mongolia
$1.011 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Montenegro
$601.7 million (2003)

Montserrat
$17 million (2001)

Morocco
$18.15 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Mozambique
$2.041 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Namibia
$2.35 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Nauru
$20 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Nepal
$2 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Netherlands
$326.6 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
$4.383 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

New Caledonia
$1.636 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

New Zealand
$24.57 billion (2005 est.)

Nicaragua
$2.865 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Niger
$588 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nigeria
$25.95 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Niue
$9.038 million (2004)

Norfolk Island
$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands
$214.4 million $NA

Norway
$58.12 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Oman
$8.709 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Pakistan
$21.26 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Palau
$107.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Panama
$8.734 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2005
est.)

Papua New Guinea
$1.651 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Paraguay
$3.832 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Peru
$12.15 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Philippines
$42.66 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
$NA

Poland
$95.67 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Portugal
$60.35 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
$29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)

Qatar
$6.706 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Reunion
$3.306 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Romania
$41 billion f.o.b. (2005)

Russia
$125 billion (2005 est.)

Rwanda
$243 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Saint Helena
$45 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
$405 million (2004 est.)

Saint Lucia
$410 million (2004 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$70 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$225 million (2004 est.)

Samoa
$285 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

San Marino
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe
$38 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Saudi Arabia
$44.93 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Senegal
$2.405 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Serbia
$10.58 billion (excluding Kosovo and Montenegro) (2005 est.)

Seychelles
$459.9 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Sierra Leone
$531 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Singapore
$188.3 billion (2005 est.)

Slovakia
$32.9 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Slovenia
$19.62 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
$159 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Somalia
$576 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

South Africa
$52.97 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Spain
$271.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
$8.37 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Sudan
$5.028 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Suriname
$750 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Svalbard
$NA

Swaziland
$2.149 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Sweden
$104.4 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Switzerland
$135 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Syria
$5.973 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Taiwan
$181.6 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
$1.25 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Tanzania
$2.391 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Thailand
$107 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Togo
$1.047 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Tokelau
$969,200 c.i.f. (2002)

Tonga
$122 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
$6.011 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Tunisia
$12.86 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Turkey
$101.2 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
$4.175 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
$175.6 million (2000)

Tuvalu
$9.186 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Uganda
$1.608 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Ukraine
$37.18 billion (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
$60.15 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

United Kingdom
$483.7 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

United States
$1.727 trillion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Uruguay
$3.54 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
$3.8 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
$117.1 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Venezuela
$24.63 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Vietnam
$36.88 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
$4.609 billion $NA

Wallis and Futuna
$61.17 million f.o.b. (2004)

West Bank
$1.952 billion c.i.f.; note - includes Gaza Strip (2003)

Western Sahara
$NA

World
$10.3 trillion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Yemen
$4.19 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Zambia
$1.934 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
$2.059 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2088 Independence

Afghanistan
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign
affairs)

Albania
28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

Algeria
5 July 1962 (from France)

American Samoa
none (territory of the US)

Andorra
1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count
of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)

Angola
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Anguilla
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981 (from UK)

Argentina
9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Armenia
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Aruba
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Australia
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

Austria
17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804
(Austrian Empire proclaimed); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)

Azerbaijan
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Bahamas, The
10 July 1973 (from UK)

Bahrain
15 August 1971 (from UK)

Bangladesh
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March
1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December
1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation
of the state of Bangladesh

Barbados
30 November 1966 (from UK)

Belarus
25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Belgium
4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares
independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I
ascends to the throne)

Belize
21 September 1981 (from UK)

Benin
1 August 1960 (from France)

Bermuda
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Bhutan
8 August 1949 (from India)

Bolivia
6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for
independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3
March 1992)

Botswana
30 September 1966 (from UK)

Brazil
7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

British Virgin Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Brunei
1 January 1984 (from UK)

Bulgaria
3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the
Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the
Ottoman Empire)

Burkina Faso
5 August 1960 (from France)

Burma
4 January 1948 (from UK)

Burundi
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)

Cambodia
9 November 1953 (from France)

Cameroon
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Canada
1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11
December 1931 (independence recognized)

Cape Verde
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Cayman Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Central African Republic
13 August 1960 (from France)

Chad
11 August 1960 (from France)

Chile
18 September 1810 (from Spain)

China
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January
1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949
(People's Republic established)

Christmas Island
none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none (territory of Australia)

Colombia
20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros
6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the
15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire
7 August 1960 (from France)

Croatia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba
20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the
US from 1898 to 1902)

Cyprus
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed
self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these
proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

Czech Republic
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti
27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica
3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

East Timor
28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence
from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of
international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia

Ecuador
24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt
28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea
12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia
20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years

European Union
7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed
establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered
into force)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Fiji
10 October 1970 (from UK)

Finland
6 December 1917 (from Russia)

France
486 (unified by Clovis)

French Guiana
none (overseas department of France)

French Polynesia
none (overseas lands of France)

Gabon
17 August 1960 (from France)

Gambia, The
18 February 1965 (from UK)

Georgia
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Germany
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and
French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany)
proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone;
unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October
1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991

Ghana
6 March 1957 (from UK)

Gibraltar
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Greece
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Greenland
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is
the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates
in international agreements relating to Greenland)

Grenada
7 February 1974 (from UK)

Guadeloupe
none (overseas department of France)

Guam
none (territory of the US)

Guatemala
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Guernsey
none (British crown dependency)

Guinea
2 October 1958 (from France)

Guinea-Bissau
24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by
Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)

Guyana
26 May 1966 (from UK)

Haiti
1 January 1804 (from France)

Holy See (Vatican City)
11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the
three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged,
among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and
established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal
States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may
be traced back to the 8th century

Honduras
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Hong Kong
none (special administrative region of China)

Hungary
1001 (unification by King Stephen I)

Iceland
1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish
Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)

India
15 August 1947 (from UK)

Indonesia
17 August 1945 (independence proclaimed); 27 December 1949
(Netherlands recognizes Indonesian independence)

Iran
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

Iraq
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional
Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government

Ireland
6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)

Isle of Man
none (British crown dependency)

Israel
14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)

Italy
17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not
finally unified until 1870)

Jamaica
6 August 1962 (from UK)

Japan
660 B.C. (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)

Jersey
none (British crown dependency)

Jordan
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)

Kazakhstan
16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Kenya
12 December 1963 (from UK)

Kiribati
12 July 1979 (from UK)

Korea, North
15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Korea, South
15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Kuwait
19 June 1961 (from UK)

Kyrgyzstan
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Laos
19 July 1949 (from France)

Latvia
21 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Lebanon
22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under
French administration)

Lesotho
4 October 1966 (from UK)

Liberia
26 July 1847

Libya
24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)

Liechtenstein
23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein
established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)

Lithuania
11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6
September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)

Luxembourg
1839 (from the Netherlands)

Macau
none (special administrative region of China)

Macedonia
8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters
endorsing independence from Yugoslavia)

Madagascar
26 June 1960 (from France)

Malawi
6 July 1964 (from UK)

Malaysia
31 August 1957 (from UK)

Maldives
26 July 1965 (from UK)

Mali
22 September 1960 (from France)

Malta
21 September 1964 (from UK)

Marshall Islands 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Martinique
none (overseas department of France)

Mauritania
28 November 1960 (from France)

Mauritius
12 March 1968 (from UK)

Mayotte
none (territorial collectivity of France)

Mexico
16 September 1810 (from Spain)

Micronesia, Federated States of
3 November 1986 (from the
US-administered UN Trusteeship)

Moldova
27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Monaco
1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

Mongolia
11 July 1921 (from China)

Montenegro
3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro); note - a
referendum on independence was held 21 May 2006

Montserrat
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Morocco
2 March 1956 (from France)

Mozambique
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Namibia
21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

Nauru
31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered
UN trusteeship)

Nepal
1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)

Netherlands
23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low
Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26
July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of
Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace
of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence)

Netherlands Antilles
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

New Caledonia
none (overseas territory of France); note - a
referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new
referendum is scheduled for 2014

New Zealand
26 September 1907 (from UK)

Nicaragua
15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Niger
3 August 1960 (from France)

Nigeria
1 October 1960 (from UK)

Niue
on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary
government in free association with New Zealand

Norfolk Island
none (territory of Australia)

Northern Mariana Islands
none (commonwealth in political union with
the US)

Norway
7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden
dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the
union)

Oman
1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

Pakistan
14 August 1947 (from UK)

Palau
1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)

Panama
3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain
28 November 1821)

Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered
UN trusteeship)

Paraguay
14 May 1811 (from Spain)

Peru
28 July 1821 (from Spain)

Philippines
12 June 1898 (from Spain)

Pitcairn Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Poland
11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)

Portugal
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910
(independent republic proclaimed)

Puerto Rico
none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

Qatar
3 September 1971 (from UK)

Reunion
none (overseas department of France)

Romania
9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire;
independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin;
kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881); 30 December 1947 (republic
proclaimed)

Russia
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Rwanda
1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

Saint Helena
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983 (from UK)

Saint Lucia
22 February 1979 (from UK)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979 (from UK)

Samoa
1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

San Marino
3 September A.D. 301

Sao Tome and Principe
12 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Saudi Arabia
23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)

Senegal
4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was
achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

Serbia
5 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro)

Seychelles
29 June 1976 (from UK)

Sierra Leone
27 April 1961 (from UK)

Singapore
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

Slovakia
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)

Slovenia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Solomon Islands
7 July 1978 (from UK)

Somalia
1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which
became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian
Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered
UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)

South Africa
31 May 1910 (from UK); note - South Africa became a
republic in 1961 following an October 1960 referendum

Spain
the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of
independent kingdoms prior to the Muslim occupation that began in
the early 8th century AD and lasted nearly seven centuries; the
small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost
immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this
event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is
traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

Sri Lanka
4 February 1948 (from UK)

Sudan
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)

Suriname
25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)

Svalbard
none (territory of Norway)

Swaziland
6 September 1968 (from UK)

Sweden
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)

Switzerland
1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

Syria
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French
administration)

Tajikistan
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tanzania
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December
1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became
independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with
Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Thailand
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

Togo
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Tokelau
none (territory of New Zealand)

Tonga
4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)

Trinidad and Tobago
31 August 1962 (from UK)

Tunisia
20 March 1956 (from France)

Turkey
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)

Turkmenistan
27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Turks and Caicos Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)

Tuvalu
1 October 1978 (from UK)

Uganda
9 October 1962 (from UK)

Ukraine
24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (from UK)

United Kingdom
England has existed as a unified entity since the
10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284
with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an
Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland
agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union
of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the
adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of
Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United
Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in
1927

United States
4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)

Uruguay
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

Uzbekistan
1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Vanuatu
30 July 1980 (from France and UK)

Venezuela
5 July 1811 (from Spain)

Vietnam
2 September 1945 (from France)

Wallis and Futuna
none (overseas territory of France)

Yemen
22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of
the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the
Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen
(Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become
independent in November of 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South
Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

Zambia
24 October 1964 (from UK)

Zimbabwe
18 April 1980 (from UK)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)

Afghanistan
NA%

Albania
3.1% (2004 est.)

Algeria
8% (2005 est.)

American Samoa
NA%

Andorra
NA%

Angola
13.5% (2004)

Anguilla
3.1% (1997 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
6% (1997 est.)

Argentina
7.7% (2005 est.)

Armenia
7.5% (2005 est.)

Aruba
NA%

Australia
1.1% (2005 est.)

Austria
4.7% (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan
40% (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
NA%

Bahrain
2% (2000 est.)

Bangladesh
6.7% (2005 est.)

Barbados
-3.2% (2000 est.)

Belarus
15.6% (2005 est.)

Belgium
-0.2% (2005 est.)

Belize
4.6% (1999)

Benin
8.3% (2001 est.)

Bermuda
NA%

Bhutan
9.3% (1996 est.)

Bolivia
5.7% (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
5.5% (2003 est.)

Botswana
7.5% (2005 est.)

Brazil
3.4% (2005 est.)

British Virgin Islands
NA%

Brunei
7.3% (2003 est.)

Bulgaria
7.9% (2005)

Burkina Faso
14% (2001 est.)

Burma
NA%

Burundi
18% (2001)

Cambodia
22% (2002 est.)

Cameroon
4.2% (1999 est.)

Canada
2.6% (2005 est.)

Cape Verde
NA%

Cayman Islands
NA%

Central African Republic
3% (2002)

Chad
5% (1995)

Chile
3.4% (2005 est.)

China
29.5% (2005 est.)

Colombia
3.7% (2005 est.)

Comoros
-2% (1999 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA%

Congo, Republic of the
0% (2002 est.)

Cook Islands
1% (2002)

Costa Rica
5.7% (2005 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
15% (1998 est.)

Croatia
5.1% (2005 est.)

Cuba
5.1% (2005 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 0.4% (2005 est.); north Cyprus: -0.3%
(2002 est.)

Czech Republic
5.7% (2005)

Denmark
1.6% (2005 est.)

Djibouti
3% (1996 est.)

Dominica
-10% (1997 est.)

Dominican Republic
2% (2001 est.)

East Timor
8.5%

Ecuador
2.1% (2005 est.)

Egypt
5% (2005 est.)

El Salvador
1.5% (2005 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
30% (2002 est.)

Eritrea
NA%

Estonia
9.7% (2005 est.)

Ethiopia
6.7% (2001 est.)

European Union
1.3% (2005 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA%

Faroe Islands
8% (1999 est.)

Fiji
NA%

Finland
-2% (2005 est.)

France
0.2% (2005 est.)

French Guiana
NA%

French Polynesia
NA%

Gabon
1.6% (2002 est.)

Gambia, The
NA%

Gaza Strip
NA%

Georgia
3% (2000)

Germany
2.9% (2005 est.)

Ghana
3.8% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar
NA%

Greece
-0.3% (2005 est.)

Greenland
NA%

Grenada
0.7% (1997 est.)

Guadeloupe
NA%

Guam
NA%

Guatemala
4.1% (1999)

Guernsey
NA%

Guinea
NA

Guinea-Bissau
4.7% (2003 est.)

Guyana
NA%

Haiti
NA%

Honduras
7.7% (2003 est.)

Hong Kong
-0.6% (2005 est.)

Hungary
7.3% (2005 est.)

Iceland
14.2% (2005 est.)

India
7.9% (2005 est.)

Indonesia
4.8% (2005 est.)

Iran
3% excluding oil (2005 est.)

Iraq
NA%

Ireland
3% (2005 est.)

Isle of Man
3.2% (FY96/97)

Israel
2.8% (2005 est.)

Italy
-1% (2005 est.)

Jamaica
-2% (2000 est.)

Japan
1.5% (2005 est.)

Jersey
NA%

Jordan
7.5% (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
4.6% (2005 est.)

Kenya
4.6% (2005 est.)

Kiribati
0.7% (1991 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
5.9% (2005 est.)

Kuwait
13.1% (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
7.1% (2004 est.)

Laos
13% (2005 est.)

Latvia
5.6% (2005 est.)

Lebanon
NA%

Lesotho
15.5% (1999)

Liberia
NA%

Libya
NA%

Liechtenstein
NA%

Lithuania
7.3% (2005 est.)

Luxembourg
4.5% (2005 est.)

Macau
NA%

Macedonia
6.8% (2005 est.)

Madagascar
3% (2000 est.)

Malawi
7.9% (2005 est.)

Malaysia
4.1% (2005 est.)

Maldives
-0.9% (2004 est.)

Mali
NA%

Malta
NA%

Marshall Islands
NA%

Martinique
NA%

Mauritania
2% (2000 est.)

Mauritius
8% (2000 est.)

Mayotte
NA%

Mexico
1.9% (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
NA%

Moldova
17% (2003 est.)

Monaco
NA%

Mongolia
4.1% (2002 est.)

Montserrat
NA%

Morocco
4% NA%

Mozambique
3.4% (2000)

Namibia
NA%

Nauru
NA%

Nepal
3.8% (FY04/05)

Netherlands
-1.4% (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
NA%

New Caledonia
-0.6% (1996)

New Zealand
-2.5% (2005 est.)

Nicaragua
2.4% (2005 est.)

Niger
5.1% (2003 est.)

Nigeria
3.8% (2005 est.)

Niue
NA%

Northern Mariana Islands
NA%

Norway
-0.5% (2005 est.)

Oman
4.1% (2005 est.)

Pakistan
10.7% (2005 est.)

Palau
NA%

Panama
1.7% (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea
NA%

Paraguay
0% (2000 est.)

Peru
6.9% (2005 est.)

Philippines
2.2% (2005 est.)

Poland
3.7% (2005 est.)

Portugal
0% (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
NA%

Qatar
10% (2003 est.)

Reunion
NA%

Romania
1.9% (2005 est.)

Russia
4% (2005 est.)

Rwanda
7% (2001 est.)

Saint Helena
NA%

Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA%

Saint Lucia
-8.9% (1997 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA%

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-0.9% (1997 est.)

Samoa
2.8% (2000)

San Marino
6% (1997 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
NA%

Saudi Arabia
5.3% (2005 est.)

Senegal
3.1% (2005 est.)

Serbia
1.4% (2006 est.)

Seychelles
NA%

Sierra Leone
NA%

Singapore
9.5% (2005 est.)

Slovakia
3.8% (2005 est.)

Slovenia
3.1% (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
NA%

Somalia
NA%

South Africa
3.6% (2005 est.)

Spain
0.7% (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
8.2% (2005 est.)

Sudan
8.5% (1999 est.)

Suriname
6.5% (1994 est.)

Swaziland
3.7% (FY95/96)

Sweden
1.6% (2005 est.)

Switzerland
3% (2005 est.)

Syria
7% (2002 est.)

Taiwan
4.1% (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
8.2% (2002 est.)

Tanzania
8.4% (1999 est.)

Thailand
9.1% (2005 est.)

Togo
NA%

Tonga
1% (2003 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
9% (2005 est.)

Tunisia
0.9% (2005 est.)

Turkey
5.9% (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
22% (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
NA%

Tuvalu
NA%

Uganda
9% (2005 est.)

Ukraine
3.2% (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
4% (2000)

United Kingdom
-1.9% (2005 est.)

United States
3.2% (2005 est.)

Uruguay
8.5% (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
7.7% (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
1% (1997 est.)

Venezuela
7.2% (2005 est.)

Vietnam
17.2% (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
NA%

Wallis and Futuna
NA%

West Bank
NA%

Western Sahara
NA%

World
3% (2003 est.)

Yemen
3% (2003 est.)

Zambia
7.9% (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
3.6% (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2090 Industries

Afghanistan
small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,
shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal,
copper

Albania
food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement,
chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower

Algeria
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining,
electrical, petrochemical, food processing

American Samoa
tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing
vessels), handicrafts

Andorra
tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber,
banking

Angola
petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite,
uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing;
food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship
repair

Anguilla
tourism, boat building, offshore financial services

Antigua and Barbuda
tourism, construction, light manufacturing
(clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

Argentina
food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables,
textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

Armenia
diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools,
forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear,
hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments,
microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food
processing, brandy

Aruba
tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining

Australia
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food
processing, chemicals, steel

Austria
construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals,
chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard,
communications equipment, tourism

Azerbaijan
petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield
equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals;
textiles

Bahamas, The
tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum,
aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe

Bahrain
petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron
pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, ship repairing, tourism

Bangladesh
cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper
newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar

Barbados
tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for
export

Belarus
metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers,
motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles,
radios, refrigerators

Belgium
engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly,
transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and
beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum

Belize
garment production, food processing, tourism, construction

Benin
textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement

Bermuda
international business, tourism, light manufacturing

Bhutan
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages,
calcium carbide

Bolivia
mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco,
handicrafts, clothing

Bosnia and Herzegovina
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese,
bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden
furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil
refining

Botswana
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock
processing; textiles

Brazil
textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin,
steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and
equipment

British Virgin Islands
tourism, light industry, construction, rum,
concrete block, offshore financial center

Brunei
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas,
construction

Bulgaria
electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco;
machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke,
refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Burkina Faso
cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap,
cigarettes, textiles, gold

Burma
agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood
products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials;
pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement; natural gas

Burundi
light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly
of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Cambodia
tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood
products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles

Cameroon
petroleum production and refining, aluminum production,
food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair

Canada
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and
unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish
products, petroleum and natural gas

Cape Verde
food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments,
salt mining, ship repair

Cayman Islands
tourism, banking, insurance and finance,
construction, construction materials, furniture

Central African Republic
gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing,
textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles

Chad
oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium
carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Chile
copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and
steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

China
mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other
metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel;
petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products,
including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing;
transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and
locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment,
commercial space launch vehicles, satellites

Christmas Island
tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
copra products and tourism

Colombia
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear,
beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Comoros
tourism, perfume distillation

Congo, Democratic Republic of the mining (diamonds, copper, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair

Congo, Republic of the
petroleum extraction, cement, lumber,
brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes

Cook Islands
fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing,
handicrafts

Costa Rica
microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing,
construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products

Cote d'Ivoire
foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining,
truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials,
electricity, ship construction and repair

Croatia
chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal,
electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper,
wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding,
petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism

Cuba
sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement,
agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals

Cyprus
tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum
production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light
chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay products

Czech Republic
metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles,
glass, armaments

Denmark
iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing,
machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing,
electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products,
shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills, pharmaceuticals, medical
equipment

Dhekelia
none

Djibouti
construction, agricultural processing, salt

Dominica
soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement
blocks, shoes

Dominican Republic
tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold
mining, textiles, cement, tobacco

East Timor
printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth

Ecuador
petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products,
chemicals

Egypt
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light
manufactures

El Salvador
food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals,
fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

Equatorial Guinea
petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas

Eritrea
food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, salt,
cement, commercial ship repair

Estonia
engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile;
information technology, telecommunications

Ethiopia
food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals,
metals processing, cement

European Union
among the world's largest and most technologically
advanced, the European Union industrial base includes: ferrous and
non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products,
petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail
transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles,
construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding,
electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated
manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment,
fishing, food and beverage processing, furniture, paper, textiles,
tourism

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
fish and wool processing; tourism

Faroe Islands
fishing, fish processing, small ship repair and
refurbishment, handicrafts

Fiji
tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small
cottage industries

Finland
metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and
scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs,
chemicals, textiles, clothing

France
machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft,
electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism

French Guiana
construction, shrimp processing, forestry products,
rum, gold mining

French Polynesia
tourism, pearls, agricultural processing,
handicrafts, phosphates

Gabon
petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals,
ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood,
cement

Gambia, The
processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism, beverages,
agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing

Gaza Strip
generally small family businesses that produce textiles,
soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the
Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an
industrial center, but operations ceased prior to Israel's
evacuation of Gaza Strip settlements

Georgia
steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances,
mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine

Germany
among the world's largest and most technologically advanced
producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery,
vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages,
shipbuilding, textiles

Ghana
mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting,
food processing, cement, small commercial ship building

Gibraltar
tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco

Greece
tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals,
metal products; mining, petroleum

Greenland
fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut);
gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining;
handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards

Grenada
food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations,
tourism, construction

Guadeloupe
construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism

Guam
US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services,
concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles

Guatemala
sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals,
petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism

Guernsey
tourism, banking

Guinea
bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light
manufacturing and agricultural processing industries

Guinea-Bissau
agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks

Guyana
bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining

Haiti
sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light
assembly industries based on imported parts

Holy See (Vatican City) printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities

Honduras
sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products

Hong Kong
textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping,
electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks

Hungary
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods,
textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Iceland
fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production;
geothermal power, tourism

India
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation
equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software

Indonesia
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear,
mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism

Iran
petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other
construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining
and vegetable oil production), metal fabrication, armaments

Iraq
petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction
materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing

Ireland
steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, and gypsum
mining processing; food products, brewing, textiles, clothing;
chemicals, pharmaceuticals; machinery, rail transportation
equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, ship construction and
refurbishment; glass and crystal; software, tourism

Isle of Man
financial services, light manufacturing, tourism

Israel
high-technology projects (including aviation, communications,
computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber
optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food,
beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals
products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles,
footwear

Italy
tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food
processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Jamaica
tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro processing, light
manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products,
telecommunications

Japan
among world's largest and technologically advanced producers
of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and
nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Jersey
tourism, banking and finance, dairy

Jordan
textiles, phosphate mining, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals,
petroleum refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light
manufacturing, tourism

Kazakhstan
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,
copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron
and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric
motors, construction materials

Kenya
small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries,
textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products, oil
refining; aluminum, steel, lead; cement, commercial ship repair,
tourism

Kiribati
fishing, handicrafts

Korea, North
military products; machine building, electric power,
chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper,
zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food
processing; tourism

Korea, South
electronics, telecommunications, automobile production,
chemicals, shipbuilding, steel

Kuwait
petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair,
desalination, food processing, construction materials

Kyrgyzstan
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement,
shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold,
rare earth metals

Laos
copper, tin, and gypsum mining; timber, electric power,
agricultural processing, construction, garments, tourism, cement

Latvia
buses, vans, street and railroad cars; synthetic fibers,
agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios,
electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note -
dependent on imports for energy and raw materials

Lebanon
banking, tourism, food processing, jewelry, cement,
textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture
products, oil refining, metal fabricating

Lesotho
food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts,
construction, tourism

Liberia
rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds

Libya
petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles,
handicrafts, cement

Liechtenstein
electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products,
ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments,
tourism, optical instruments

Lithuania
metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television
sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding
(small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing,
fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic
components, computers, amber jewelry

Luxembourg
banking and financial services, iron and steel,
information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation,
food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires,
glass, aluminum, tourism

Macau
tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear,
toys

Macedonia
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, steel,
cement, energy, pharmaceuticals

Madagascar
meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar,
textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper,
petroleum, tourism

Malawi
tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods

Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and
manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining
and smelting, logging, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum
production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production
and refining, logging

Maldives
fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut
processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand
mining

Mali
food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Malta
tourism, electronics, ship building and repair, construction,
food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco

Marshall Islands
copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items from
seashells, wood, and pearls

Martinique
construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism

Mauritania
fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum

Mauritius
food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles,
clothing, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment,
nonelectrical machinery, tourism

Mayotte
newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction

Mexico
food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel,
petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer
durables, tourism

Micronesia, Federated States of
tourism, construction; fish
processing, specialized aquaculture; craft items from shell, wood,
and pearls

Moldova
sugar, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural
machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing
machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles

Monaco
tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer
products

Mongolia
construction and construction materials; mining (coal,
copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold); oil; food
and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural
fiber manufacturing

Montenegro
steelmaking, agricultural processing, consumer goods,
tourism

Montserrat
tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances

Morocco
phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing,
leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism

Mozambique
food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints),
aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos,
tobacco

Namibia
meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining
(diamonds, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)

Nauru
phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products

Nepal
tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed
mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production

Netherlands
agroindustries, metal and engineering products,
electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum,
construction, microelectronics, fishing

Netherlands Antilles
tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire),
petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities
(Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)

New Caledonia
nickel mining and smelting

New Zealand
food processing, wood and paper products, textiles,
machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism,
mining

Nicaragua
food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products,
textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages,
footwear, wood

Niger
uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food
processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

Nigeria
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; palm oil, peanuts, cotton,
rubber, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other
construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals,
fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship
construction and repair

Niue
tourism, handicrafts, food processing

Norfolk Island
tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete

Northern Mariana Islands
tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts

Norway
petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and
paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Oman
crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) production; construction, cement, copper, steel,
chemicals, optic fiber

Pakistan
textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals,
construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

Palau
tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction,
garment making

Panama
construction, brewing, cement and other construction
materials, sugar milling

Papua New Guinea
copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood
production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and
copper; crude oil production, petroleum refining; construction,
tourism

Paraguay
sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel,
metallurgic, electric power

Peru
mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication;
petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish
processing, textiles, clothing, food processing

Philippines
electronics assembly, garments, footwear,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing,
petroleum refining, fishing

Pitcairn Islands
postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey

Poland
machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals,
shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

Portugal
textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals
and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and
plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications
equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship
construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism

Puerto Rico
pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products,
tourism

Qatar
crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers,
petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship
repair

Reunion
sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil
extraction

Romania
textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly,
mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food
processing, petroleum refining

Russia
complete range of mining and extractive industries producing
coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building
from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles;
defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced
electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation
equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery,
tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and
transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer
durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Rwanda
cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap,
furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Saint Helena
construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy
woodwork), fishing, philatelic sales

Saint Kitts and Nevis
sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt,
copra, clothing, footwear, beverages

Saint Lucia
clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages,
corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism; lime processing, coconut
processing

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
fish processing and supply base for
fishing fleets; tourism

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
food processing, cement, furniture,
clothing, starch

Samoa
food processing, building materials, auto parts

San Marino
tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics,
cement, wine

Sao Tome and Principe
light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish
processing, timber

Saudi Arabia
crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic
petrochemicals; ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic
soda), cement, fertilizer, plastics; metals, commercial ship repair,
commercial aircraft repair, construction

Senegal
agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining,
fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials,
ship construction and repair

Serbia
sugar, agricultural machinery, electrical and communication
equipment, paper and pulp, lead, transportation equipment

Seychelles
fishing, tourism, processing of coconuts and vanilla,
coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture;
beverages

Sierra Leone
diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages,
textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small
commercial ship repair

Singapore
electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling
equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber
products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore
platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade

Slovakia
metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity,
gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers;
machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport
vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products

Slovenia
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc
smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks,
electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals,
machine tools

Solomon Islands
fish (tuna), mining, timber

Somalia
a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles,
wireless communication

South Africa
mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold,
chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles,
iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship
repair

Spain
textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages,
metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles,
machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear,
pharmaceuticals, medical equipment

Sri Lanka
processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, tobacco and other
agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, banking;
clothing, textiles; cement, petroleum refining

Sudan
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar,
soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals,
armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Suriname
bauxite and gold mining, alumina production; oil,
lumbering, food processing, fishing

Swaziland
mining (coal, raw asbestos), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink
concentrates, textile and apparel

Sweden
iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and
telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed
foods, motor vehicles

Switzerland
machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision
instruments

Syria
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco,
phosphate rock mining

Taiwan
electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals,
textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing,
vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals

Tajikistan
aluminum, zinc, lead; chemicals and fertilizers, cement,
vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and
freezers

Tanzania
agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal
twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil
refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

Thailand
tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing,
beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and
electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits,
furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts; world's
second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer

Togo
phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts,
textiles, beverages

Tokelau
small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking,
plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing

Tonga
tourism, fishing

Trinidad and Tobago
petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing,
cement, beverage, cotton textiles

Tunisia
petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore),
tourism, textiles, footwear, agribusiness, beverages

Turkey
textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal,
chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber,
paper

Turkmenistan
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food
processing

Turks and Caicos Islands
tourism, offshore financial services

Tuvalu
fishing, tourism, copra

Uganda
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel
production

Ukraine
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals,
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing
(especially sugar)

United Arab Emirates
petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing,
aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction
materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles

United Kingdom
machine tools, electric power equipment, automation
equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor
vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment,
metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food
processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods

United States
leading industrial power in the world, highly
diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor
vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics,
food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining

Uruguay
food processing, electrical machinery, transportation
equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages

Uzbekistan
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy,
gold petroleum, natural gas, chemicals

Vanuatu
food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning

Venezuela
petroleum, construction materials, food processing,
textiles; iron ore mining, steel, aluminum; motor vehicle assembly

Vietnam
food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining,
coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper

Virgin Islands
tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum
distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics

Wallis and Futuna
copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber

West Bank
generally small family businesses that produce cement,
textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs;
the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in
the settlements and industrial centers

Western Sahara
phosphate mining, handicrafts

World
dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in
computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical
equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a
small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly
adjusting to these technological forces; the accelerated development
of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating
already grim environmental problems

Yemen
crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale
production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing;
handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement; commercial
ship repair

Zambia
copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs,
beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture

Zimbabwe
mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay,
numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel; wood products,
cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs,
beverages

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2091 Infant mortality rate (deaths/1,000 live births)

Afghanistan
total: 160.23 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 164.77 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 155.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Albania
total: 20.75 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Algeria
total: 29.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.62 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

American Samoa
total: 9.07 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Andorra
total: 4.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Angola
total: 185.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 197.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 172.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Anguilla
total: 20.32 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda
total: 18.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Argentina
total: 14.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Armenia
total: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Aruba
total: 5.79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Australia
total: 4.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.02 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Austria
total: 4.6 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Azerbaijan
total: 79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 81.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 76.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bahamas, The
total: 24.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bahrain
total: 16.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bangladesh
total: 60.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 61.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Barbados
total: 11.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Belarus
total: 13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Belgium
total: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Belize
total: 24.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 28.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Benin
total: 79.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 84.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 74.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bermuda
total: 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bhutan
total: 98.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 96.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 100.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bolivia
total: 51.77 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 9.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Botswana
total: 53.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 54.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 52.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Brazil
total: 28.6 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

British Virgin Islands
total: 16.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Brunei
total: 12.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Bulgaria
total: 19.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Burkina Faso
total: 91.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 99.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 83.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Burma
total: 61.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Burundi
total: 63.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 55.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cambodia
total: 68.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 77.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cameroon
total: 63.52 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 67.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 59.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Canada
total: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cape Verde
total: 46.52 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 51.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 41.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cayman Islands
total: 8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Central African Republic
total: 85.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 92.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 78.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Chad
total: 91.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 100.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 82.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Chile
total: 8.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

China
total: 23.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.94 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Christmas Island
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Colombia
total: 20.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Comoros
total: 72.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 81.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 88.62 deaths/1,000 live
births
male: 96.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 80.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
total: 85.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 79.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cook Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Costa Rica
total: 9.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
total: 89.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 105.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 71.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Croatia
total: 6.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cuba
total: 6.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Cyprus
total: 7.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Czech Republic
total: 3.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Denmark
total: 4.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Djibouti
total: 102.44 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 110.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 94.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Dominica
total: 13.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 18.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Dominican Republic
total: 28.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 30.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 25.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

East Timor
total: 45.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 52.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 39.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Ecuador
total: 22.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.42 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Egypt
total: 31.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 30.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

El Salvador
total: 24.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 27.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
total: 89.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 95.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 83.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Eritrea
total: 46.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 52.22 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 40.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Estonia
total: 7.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.91 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Ethiopia
total: 93.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 103.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 83.51 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

European Union
total: 5.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Faroe Islands
total: 6.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Fiji
total: 12.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Finland
total: 3.55 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

France
total: 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

French Guiana
total: 11.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

French Polynesia
total: 8.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Gabon
total: 54.51 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Gambia, The
total: 71.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 78.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 64.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Gaza Strip
total: 22.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Georgia
total: 17.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.56 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Germany
total: 4.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Ghana
total: 55.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 59.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 50.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Gibraltar
total: 5.06 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Greece
total: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Greenland
total: 15.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Grenada
total: 14.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guadeloupe
total: 8.41 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guam
total: 6.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guatemala
total: 30.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guernsey
total: 4.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guinea
total: 90 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 95.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 84.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
total: 105.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 115.53 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 94.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Guyana
total: 32.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 35.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Haiti
total: 71.65 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 78.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Honduras
total: 25.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Hong Kong
total: 2.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.13 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Hungary
total: 8.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Iceland
total: 3.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

India
total: 54.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 54.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Indonesia
total: 34.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 39.36 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 29.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Iran
total: 40.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 40.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 40.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Iraq
total: 48.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 54.39 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 42.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Ireland
total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.82 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Isle of Man
total: 5.82 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Israel
total: 6.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.61 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Italy
total: 5.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.42 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Jamaica
total: 15.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Japan
total: 3.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Jersey
total: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Jordan
total: 16.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Kazakhstan
total: 28.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.88 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.45 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Kenya
total: 59.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 61.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 56.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Kiribati
total: 47.27 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 52.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 41.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Korea, North
total: 23.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Korea, South
total: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Kuwait
total: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
total: 34.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 39.72 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Laos
total: 83.31 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 92.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 73.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Latvia
total: 9.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Lebanon
total: 23.72 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Lesotho
total: 87.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 92.04 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 82.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Liberia
total: 155.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 171.96 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 139.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Libya
total: 23.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Liechtenstein
total: 4.64 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Lithuania
total: 6.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Luxembourg
total: 4.74 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.73 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Macau
total: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Macedonia
total: 9.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Madagascar
total: 75.21 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 83.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 66.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Malawi
total: 94.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 98.66 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 89.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Malaysia
total: 17.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.87 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Maldives
total: 54.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 54.01 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 55.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mali
total: 107.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 117.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 97.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Malta
total: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.34 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Marshall Islands
total: 28.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.93 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Martinique
total: 6.95 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.68 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mauritania
total: 69.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 72.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 66.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mauritius
total: 14.59 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.23 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mayotte
total: 60.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 66.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 54.58 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mexico
total: 20.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 32.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Moldova
total: 38.38 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 41.44 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 35.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Monaco
total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mongolia
total: 52.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 55.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Montserrat
total: 7.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Morocco
total: 40.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 43.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 36.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Mozambique
total: 129.24 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 134.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 124.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Namibia
total: 48.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 51.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Nauru
total: 9.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Nepal
total: 65.32 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 63.56 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 67.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Netherlands
total: 4.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.52 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
total: 9.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

New Caledonia
total: 7.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

New Zealand
total: 5.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Nicaragua
total: 28.11 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Niger
total: 118.25 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 122.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 114.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Nigeria
total: 97.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 104.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 90.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Niue
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Norfolk Island
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Northern Mariana Islands
total: 6.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Norway
total: 3.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.03 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Oman
total: 18.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.65 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Pakistan
total: 70.45 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 70.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Palau
total: 14.46 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.19 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Panama
total: 16.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.75 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Papua New Guinea
total: 49.96 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 54.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 45.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Paraguay
total: 24.78 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 29.4 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Peru
total: 30.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 33.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Philippines
total: 22.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.59 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Poland
total: 7.22 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Portugal
total: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.45 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Puerto Rico
total: 9.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.32 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Qatar
total: 18.04 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Reunion
total: 7.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.37 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Romania
total: 25.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 28.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Russia
total: 15.13 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.43 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Rwanda
total: 89.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 94.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 84.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Saint Helena
total: 18.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.96 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 14.12 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Saint Lucia
total: 13.17 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 7.38 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.46 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 13.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Samoa
total: 26.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 21.76 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

San Marino
total: 5.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.06 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe
total: 41.83 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 43.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 39.86 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Saudi Arabia
total: 12.81 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.71 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Senegal
total: 52.94 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.49 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 49.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Seychelles
total: 15.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 19.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone
total: 160.39 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 177.47 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 142.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Singapore
total: 2.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Slovakia
total: 7.26 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Slovenia
total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.99 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Solomon Islands
total: 20.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 23.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Somalia
total: 114.89 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 124.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 105.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

South Africa
total: 60.66 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 64.31 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 56.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Spain
total: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.76 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Sri Lanka
total: 13.97 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 15.18 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Sudan
total: 61.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 61.88 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 60.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Suriname
total: 23.02 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.89 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Svalbard
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Swaziland
total: 71.85 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 75.25 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68.34 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Sweden
total: 2.76 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 2.92 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 2.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Switzerland
total: 4.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.84 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.81 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Syria
total: 28.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 28.85 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 28.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Taiwan
total: 6.29 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.97 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Tajikistan
total: 106.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 117.83 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 94.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Tanzania
total: 96.48 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 105.64 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 87.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Thailand
total: 19.49 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 20.77 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Togo
total: 60.63 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 68.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 52.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Tokelau
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

Tonga
total: 12.3 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 13.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
total: 25.05 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.86 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 23.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Tunisia
total: 23.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 20.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Turkey
total: 39.69 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 43.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 35.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Turkmenistan
total: 72.56 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 76.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 68 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 15.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Tuvalu
total: 19.47 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 16.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Uganda
total: 66.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 69.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 62.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Ukraine
total: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 8.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

United Arab Emirates
total: 14.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.57 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

United Kingdom
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.67 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

United States
total: 6.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Uruguay
total: 11.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 12.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 10.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Uzbekistan
total: 69.99 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 74.14 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Vanuatu
total: 53.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 56.35 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 51.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Venezuela
total: 21.54 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.58 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Vietnam
total: 25.14 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 25.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 24.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Virgin Islands
total: 7.86 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.93 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

West Bank
total: 19.15 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Western Sahara
total: NA
male: NA
female: NA

World
total: 48.87 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 50.98 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 46.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Yemen
total: 59.88 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 64.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 54.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Zambia
total: 86.84 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 94.08 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 79.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Zimbabwe
total: 51.71 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 54.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2092 Inflation rate (consumer prices) (%)

Afghanistan
16.3% (2005 est.)

Albania
2.4% (2005 est.)

Algeria
1.9% (2005 est.)

American Samoa
NA%

Andorra
3.4% (2004)

Angola
23% (2005 est.)

Anguilla
5.3%

Antigua and Barbuda
0.9% (2005 est.)

Argentina
9.6% (2005 est.)

Armenia
0.6% (2005 est.)

Aruba
3.4% (2005)

Australia
2.7% (2005 est.)

Austria
2.3% (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan
9.6% (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
1.2% ( 2004)

Bahrain
2.7% (2005 est.)

Bangladesh
7% (2005 est.)

Barbados
-0.5% (2003 est.)

Belarus
10.3% (2005 est.)

Belgium
2.8% (2005 est.)

Belize
3% (2005 est.)

Benin
3.5% (2005 est.)

Bermuda
2.8% (November 2005)

Bhutan
7% (2005 est.)

Bolivia
5.4% (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
4.4% (2005 est.)

Botswana
8.6% (2005 est.)

Brazil
6.9% (2005 est.)

British Virgin Islands
2% (2005)

Brunei
0.9% (2004)

Bulgaria
5% (2005)

Burkina Faso
6.4% (2005 est.)

Burma
20.2% (2005 est.)

Burundi
16% (2005 est.)

Cambodia
5.8% (2005 est.)

Cameroon
2% (2005 est.)

Canada
2.2% (2005 est.)

Cape Verde
0.4% (2005 est.)

Cayman Islands
4.4% (2004)

Central African Republic
3.6% (2001 est.)

Chad
3% (2005 est.)

Chile
3.1% (2005 est.)

China
1.8% (2005 est.)

Colombia
5% (2005 est.)

Comoros
3% (2005 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
9% (2004 est.)

Congo, Republic of the
2.2% (2005 est.)

Cook Islands
2.1% (2005 est.)

Costa Rica
13.8% (2005 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
3.9% (2005 est.)

Croatia
3.3% (2005 est.)

Cuba
7% (2005 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 2.6% (2005 est.); north Cyprus: 9.1%
(2004 est.)

Czech Republic
1.9% (2005 est.)

Denmark
1.8% (2005 est.)

Djibouti
3% (2005 est.)

Dominica
-0.1% (2005 est.)

Dominican Republic
4.2% (2005 est.)

East Timor
1.4% (2005)

Ecuador
2.1% (2005 est.)

Egypt
4.9% (2005 est.)

El Salvador
4.7% (2005 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
5% (2005 est.)

Eritrea
15% (2005 est.)

Estonia
4.1% (2005 est.)

Ethiopia
11.6% (2005 est.)

European Union
2.2% (2005 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
3.6% (1998)

Faroe Islands
5.1% (1999)

Fiji
3% (2005)

Finland
0.9% (2005 est.)

France
1.7% (2005 est.)

French Guiana
1% (2003)

French Polynesia
1.1% (2006 est.)

Gabon
-0.1% (2005 est.)

Gambia, The
8.8% (2005 est.)

Gaza Strip
7% (includes West Bank) (2003)

Georgia
8.2% (2005 est.)

Germany
2% (2005 est.)

Ghana
15.1% (2005 est.)

Gibraltar
1.5% (1998)

Greece
3.5% (2005 est.)

Greenland
1.6% (1999 est.)

Grenada
3% (2005 est.)

Guadeloupe
NA%

Guam
2.5% (2005 est.)

Guatemala
9.1% (2005 est.)

Guernsey
4.9% (2004 est.)

Guinea
25% (2005 est.)

Guinea-Bissau
4% (2002 est.)

Guyana
6.9% (2005 est.)

Haiti
15.7% (2005 est.)

Honduras
8.8% (2005 est.)

Hong Kong
0.9% (2005 est.)

Hungary
3.6% (2005 est.)

Iceland
4% (2005 est.)

India
4.2% (2005 est.)

Indonesia
10.5% (2005 est.)

Iran
13.5% (2005 est.)

Iraq
33% (2005 est.)

Ireland
2.4% (2005 est.)

Isle of Man
2.7% (2003 est.)

Israel
1.3% (2005 est.)

Italy
2% (2005 est.)

Jamaica
15.3% (2005 est.)

Japan
-0.3% (2005 est.)

Jersey
5.3% (2004)

Jordan
4.5% (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
7.6% (2005 est.)

Kenya
10.3% (2005 est.)

Kiribati
0.5% (2005 est.)

Korea, North
NA%

Korea, South
2.8% (2005 est.)

Kuwait
4.1% (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
5.2% (2005 est.)

Laos
7% (2005 est.)

Latvia
6.8% (2005 est.)

Lebanon
2.4% (2005 est.)

Lesotho
4.7% (2005 est.)

Liberia
15% (2003 est.)

Libya
3.4% (2005 est.)

Liechtenstein
1% (2001)

Lithuania
2.7% (2005)

Luxembourg
2.5% (2005 est.)

Macau
3.8% (2nd quarter, 2005)

Macedonia
0% (2005 est.)

Madagascar
15% (2005 est.)

Malawi
15.4% (2005 est.)

Malaysia
3% (2005 est.)

Maldives
6% (2005 est.)

Mali
4.5% (2002 est.)

Malta
3% (2005 est.)

Marshall Islands
3% (2005 est.)

Martinique
NA

Mauritania
7% (2003 est.)

Mauritius
5% (2005 est.)

Mayotte
NA%

Mexico
4% (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
2.2% (2005)

Moldova
11.9% (2005 est.)

Monaco
1.9% (2000)

Mongolia
9.5% (2005 est.)

Montenegro
3.4% (2004)

Montserrat
2.6% (2002 est.)

Morocco
1% (2005 est.)

Mozambique
6.5% (2005 est.)

Namibia
2.3% (2005 est.)

Nauru
-3.6% (1993)

Nepal
7.8% (October 2005 est.)

Netherlands
1.7% (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
2.1% (2003 est.)

New Caledonia
-0.6% (2000 est.)

New Zealand
3% (2005 est.)

Nicaragua
9.6% (2005 est.)

Niger
0.2% (2004 est.)

Nigeria
13.5% (2005 est.)

Niue
4% (2005)

Northern Mariana Islands
-0.8% (2000)

Norway
1.6% (2005 est.)

Oman
1.2% (2005 est.)

Pakistan
9.1% (2005 est.)

Palau
2.7% (2005 est.)

Panama
2.9% (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea
1.7% (2005 est.)

Paraguay
6.8% (2005 est.)

Peru
1.6% (2005 est.)

Philippines
7.6% (2005 est.)

Poland
2.2% (2005 est.)

Portugal
2.3% (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
6.5% (2003 est.)

Qatar
8.8% (2005 est.)

Reunion
NA%

Romania
9% (2005)

Russia
12.7% (2005 est.)

Rwanda
8% (2005 est.)

Saint Helena
3.2% (1997 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
8.7% (2005 est.)

Saint Lucia
2.9% (2005 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2.1% (1991-96 average)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1% (2005 est.)

Samoa
3.3% (2005)

San Marino
-1.7% (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe
15.2% (2005 est.)

Saudi Arabia
0.4% (2005 est.)

Senegal
1.7% (2005 est.)

Serbia
15.5% (2005 est.)

Seychelles
1.6% (2005 est.)

Sierra Leone
1% (2002 est.)

Singapore
0.4% (2005 est.)

Slovakia
2.7% (2005 est.)

Slovenia
2.5% (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
6.6% (2005 est.)

Somalia
NA%; note - businesses print their own money, so inflation
rates cannot be easily determined

South Africa
4% (2005 est.)

Spain
3.4% (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
11.6% (2005 est.)

Sudan
9% (2005 est.)

Suriname
9.5% (2005 est.)

Swaziland
4% (2005 est.)

Sweden
0.5% (2005 est.)

Switzerland
1.2% (2005 est.)

Syria
5% (2005 est.)

Taiwan
2.3% (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
7.1% (2005 est.)

Tanzania
4.3% (2005 est.)

Thailand
4.5% (2005 est.)

Togo
6% (2005 est.)

Tokelau
NA%

Tonga
11.1% (2005 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago
6.9% (2005 est.)

Tunisia
2.1% (2005 est.)

Turkey
8.2% (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
10.5% (2005 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4% (1995)

Tuvalu
3.7% (2003 est.)

Uganda
8.1% (2005 est.)

Ukraine
13.5% (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
10.5% (2005 est.)

United Kingdom
2.1% (2005 est.)

United States
3.2% (2005 est.)

Uruguay
4.7% (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
6.9% (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
-1.6% (2005 est.)

Venezuela
16% (2005 est.)

Vietnam
8.3% (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
2.2% (2003)

Wallis and Futuna
2.8% NA%

West Bank
7% (includes Gaza Strip) (2003 est.)

Western Sahara
NA%

World
developed countries 1% to 4% typically; developing countries
5% to 20% typically; national inflation rates vary widely in
individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation
in one Third World countries (Zimbabwe); inflation rates have
declined for most countries for the last several years, held in
check by increasing international competition from several low wage
countries (2005 est.)

Yemen
11.8% (2005 est.)

Zambia
18.3% (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
266.8% official data; private sector estimates are much
higher (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2093 Waterways (km)

Afghanistan
1,200 km (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to
500 DWT) (2005)

Albania
43 km (2006)

Angola
1,300 km (2005)

Argentina
11,000 km (2005)

Australia
2,000 km (mainly used for recreation on Murray and
Murray-Darling river systems) (2002)

Austria
358 km (2003)

Bangladesh
8,372 km
note: includes 5,635 km main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200
km in dry season (2005)

Belarus
2,500 km (use limited by location on perimeter of country
and by shallowness) (2003)

Belgium
2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2003)

Belize
825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2005)

Benin
150 km (on River Niger along northern border) (2005)

Bolivia
10,000 km (commercially navigable) (2005)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sava River (northern border) open to shipping
but use limited (2006)

Brazil
50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population)
(2005)

Brunei
209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2005)

Bulgaria
470 km (2006)

Burma
12,800 km (2005)

Burundi
mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2003)

Cambodia
2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005)

Cameroon
navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy
season (2005)

Canada
631 km
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States (2003)

Central African Republic
2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and
Sangha rivers) (2005)

Chad
Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)

China
123,964 km (2003)

Colombia
18,000 km (2005)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
15,000 km (2005)

Congo, Republic of the
4,385 km (on Congo and Oubanqui rivers) (2005)

Costa Rica
730 km (seasonally navigable by small craft) (2005)

Cote d'Ivoire
980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal
lagoons) (2005)

Croatia
785 km (2006)

Cuba
240 km (2005)

Czech Republic
664 km (principally on Elbe as well as Vltava and
Oder rivers) (2005)

Denmark
400 km (2001)

Ecuador
1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2005)

Egypt
3,500 km
note: includes Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway,
and numerous smaller canals in delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including
approaches) navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m
(2005)

El Salvador
Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004)

Estonia
500 km (2005)

European Union
53,512 km

Fiji
203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
(2004)

Finland
7,842 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased
from Russia (2005)

France
8,500 km (1,686 km accessible to craft of 3,000 metric tons)
(2000)

French Guiana
3,760 km
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and
river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft (2003)

Gabon
1,600 km (310 km on Ogooue River) (2005)

Gambia, The
390 km (on River Gambia; small ocean-going vessels can
reach 190 km) (2004)

Germany
7,467 km
note: Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North
Sea and Black Sea (2005)

Ghana
1,293 km
note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano
rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta
(2005)

Greece
6 km
note: Corinth Canal (6 km) crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; shortens
sea voyage by 325 km (2006)

Guatemala
990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable
during high-water season (2004)

Guinea
1,300 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft) (2005)

Guinea-Bissau
four largest rivers are navigable for some distance;
many inlets and creeks give shallow-water access to much of interior
(2006)

Guyana
Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by
oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively (2005)

Honduras
465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2005)

Hungary
1,622 km (most on Danube River) (2006)

India
14,500 km
note: 5,200 km on major rivers and 485 km on canals suitable for
mechanized vessels (2005)

Indonesia
21,579 km (2005)

Iran
850 km (850 km on Karun River; additional service on Lake
Urmia) (2006)

Iraq
5,279 km
note: Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third
River (565 km) are principal waterways (2004)

Ireland
753 km (pleasure craft only) (2005)

Italy
2,400 km
note: used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared
to road and rail (2004)

Japan
1,770 km (seagoing vessels use inland seas) (2006)

Kazakhstan
4,000 km (on the Ertis (Irtysh) (80%) and Syr Darya
(Syrdariya) rivers) (2005)

Kenya
part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya
(2003)

Kiribati
5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands) (2003)

Korea, North
2,250 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2006)

Korea, South
1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2006)

Kyrgyzstan
600 km (2006)

Laos
4,600 km
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are
intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m (2005)

Latvia
300 km (2005)

Liechtenstein
28 km (2005)

Lithuania
425 km (2005)

Luxembourg
37 km (on Moselle River) (2003)

Madagascar
600 km (2005)

Malawi
700 km (on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River) (2006)

Malaysia
7,200 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,200 km, Sabah 1,500 km, Sarawak 2,500 km
(2005)

Mali
1,815 km (2005)

Mexico
2,900 km (navigable rivers and coastal canals) (2005)

Moldova
424 km (on Dniester River) (2005)

Mongolia
580 km
note: only waterway in operation is Lake Hovsgol (135 km); Selenge
River (270 km) and Orhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry
little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May
to September (2004)

Mozambique
460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora
Bassa Lake) (2002)

Netherlands
6,183 km (navigable for ships of 50 tons) (2005)

Nicaragua
2,220 km (including lakes Managua and Nicaragua) (2005)

Niger
300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya
between September and March) (2005)

Nigeria
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and
creeks) (2005)

Norway
1,577 km (2002)

Panama
800 km (includes 82 km Panama Canal) (2005)

Papua New Guinea
10,940 km (2003)

Paraguay
3,100 km (2005)

Peru
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km
of Lago Titicaca (2005)

Philippines
3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m)
(2005)

Poland
3,997 km (navigable rivers and canals) (2005)

Portugal
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)

Romania
1,731 km
note: includes 1,075 km on Danube River, 524 km on secondary
branches, and 132 km on canals (2005)

Russia
102,000 km (including 33,000 km with guaranteed depth)
note: 72,000 km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White
Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea (2005)

Rwanda
Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft
(2005)

Senegal
1,000 km (primarily on Senegal, Saloum, and Casamance
rivers) (2005)

Serbia
587 km - primarily on Danube and Sava rivers (2005)

Sierra Leone
800 km (600 km year round) (2005)

Slovakia
172 km (on Danube River) (2005)

Spain
1,000 km (2003)

Sri Lanka
160 km (primarily on rivers in southwest) (2005)

Sudan
4,068 km (1,723 km open year round on White and Blue Nile
rivers) (2005)

Suriname
1,200 km (most navigable by ships with drafts up to 7 m)
(2005)

Sweden
2,052 km (2005)

Switzerland
65 km (Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and
Schaffhausen-Bodensee) (2003)

Syria
900 km (not economically significant) (2005)

Tajikistan
200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2006)

Tanzania
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa principal
avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; rivers not navigable
(2005)

Thailand 4,000 km note: 3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m (2005)

Togo
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)

Turkey
1,200 km (2005)

Turkmenistan
1,300 km (Amu Darya and Kara Kum canal important inland
waterways) (2006)

Uganda
on Lake Victoria, 200 km on Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and
parts of Albert Nile (2005)

Ukraine
2,253 km (most on Dnieper River) (2006)

United Kingdom
3,200 km (620 km used for commerce) (2003)

United States
41,009 km (19,312 km used for commerce)
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint
Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with Canada (2004)

Uruguay
1,600 km (2005)

Uzbekistan
1,100 km (2006)

Venezuela
7,100 km
note: Orinoco River and Lake de Maracaibo navigable by oceangoing
vessels, Orinoco for 400 km (2005)

Vietnam
17,702 km (5,000 km navigable by vessels up to 1.8 m draft)
(2005)

World
671,886 km (2004)

Zambia
2,250 km (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and
Luapula rivers) (2005)

Zimbabwe
on Lake Kariba, length small (2005)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2094 Judicial branch

Afghanistan
the constitution establishes a nine-member Stera Mahkama
or Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for 10-year terms
by the president with approval of the Wolesi Jirga) and subordinate
High Courts and Appeals Courts (note - nine supreme court justices
were appointed in the interim in January 2005 pending National
Assembly selection of the constitutionally mandated justices); there
is also a minister of justice; a separate Afghan Independent Human
Rights Commission established by the Bonn Agreement is charged with
investigating human rights abuses and war crimes

Albania
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (chairman is elected by
the People's Assembly for a four-year term), and multiple appeals
and district courts

Algeria
Supreme Court

American Samoa
High Court (chief justice and associate justices are
appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Andorra
Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the
Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or
Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice
or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

Angola
Supreme Court and separate provincial courts (judges are
appointed by the president)

Anguilla
High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme
Court)

Antigua and Barbuda
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint
Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands
and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction); member
Caribbean Court of Justice

Argentina
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court
judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)

Armenia
Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

Aruba
Common Court of Justice of Aruba (judges are appointed by the
monarch)

Australia
High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are
appointed by the governor general)

Austria
Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof;
Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court
or Verfassungsgerichtshof

Azerbaijan
Supreme Court

Bahamas, The
Privy Council (London); Courts of Appeal; Supreme
(lower) Court; magistrates courts

Bahrain
High Civil Appeals Court

Bangladesh
Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are
appointed by the president)

Barbados
Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the
Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Belarus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president);
Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president
and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium
Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or
Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the
government; candidacies have to be submitted by the High Justice
Council)

Belize
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor
general on the advice of the prime minister)

Benin
Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court
or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan
Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges
appointed by the monarch)

Bolivia
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year
terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each
department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
BH Constitutional Court (consists of nine
members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's
House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's
National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of
the European Court of Human Rights); BH State Court (consists of
nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and
Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law
and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities);
note - a War Crimes Chamber opened in March 2005
note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a
number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the
Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska
has five municipal courts

Botswana
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in
each district)

Brazil
Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed for life
by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of
Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life);
note - though appointed "for life," judges, like all federal
employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70

British Virgin Islands
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting
of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of
the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the
High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary
Jurisdiction

Brunei
Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by
monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in
London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Shariah courts deal
with Islamic laws (2006)

Bulgaria
Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation;
Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year
terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the
two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members;
responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and
investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the
Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by
the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso
Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma
remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but
there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not
independent of the executive

Burundi
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of
First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local
tribunals)

Cambodia
Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the
constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower
courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly)

Canada
Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime
minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada;
Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named
variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court,
Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands
Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of
Appeal

Central African Republic
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme;
Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the
president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court
of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Chad
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate
Courts

Chile
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the
president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates
provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is
elected every three years by the 20-member court); Constitutional
Tribunal

China
Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National
People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher,
intermediate, and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily
military, maritime, and railway transport courts)

Christmas Island
Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia
four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme
Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest court of
criminal law; judges are selected by their peers from the nominees
of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms); Council of
State (highest court of administrative law; judges are selected from
the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council for eight-year terms);
Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the
constitution; rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the
constitution, and international treaties); Superior Judicial Council
(administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; resolves
jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are
elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)

Comoros
Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the
president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected
by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of
the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Congo, Republic of the
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands
High Court

Costa Rica
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected
for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four
chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for
financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases,
and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit
to the number of members

Croatia
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts
appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the
Republic, which is elected by the Assembly

Cuba
People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president,
vice president, and other judges are elected by the National
Assembly)

Cyprus
Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president
and vice president)
note: there is also a Supreme Court in north Cyprus

Czech Republic
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and
deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of
Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six
judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary
Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are
appointed by the National Judicial Council comprised of the
president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president
of the Supreme Court, and an additional non-governing party
congressional representative)

East Timor
Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one
judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by
Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is
established, Court of Appeals is highest court

Ecuador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the
Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in
December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire
court via a simple-majority resolution)

Egypt
Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by
the Legislative Assembly)

Equatorial Guinea
Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea
High Court - regional, subregional, and village courts; also
have military and special courts

Estonia
National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)

European Union
Court of Justice of the European Communities (ensures
that the treaties are interpreted and applied correctly) - 25
justices (one from each member state) appointed for a six-year term;
note - for the sake of efficiency, the court can sit with 11
justices known as the "Grand Chamber"; Court of First Instance - 25
justices appointed for a six-year term

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Faroe Islands
none

Fiji
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of
Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts

Finland
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)

France
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)

French Polynesia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First
Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative
Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The
Supreme Court

Georgia
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's or chairman of the Supreme Court's recommendation);
Constitutional Court; first and second instance courts

Germany
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)

Ghana
Supreme Court

Gibraltar
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council

Greenland
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)

Grenada
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of a court of
Appeal and a High Court of Justice (a High Court judge is assigned
to and resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)

Guatemala
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad is
Guatemala's highest court (five judges are elected for concurrent
five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of
the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by
the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the president, one
elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala,
and one by Colegio de Abogados); Supreme Court of Justice or Corte
Suprema de Justicia (13 members serve concurrent five-year terms and
elect a president of the Court each year from among their number;
the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms)

Guernsey
Royal Court

Guinea
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists
of nine justices appointed by the president and serve at his
pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases);
Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals
for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases
valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not
necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and
misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana
Supreme Court of Judicature, consisting of the High Court and
the Judicial Court of Appeal, with right of final appeal to the
Caribbean Court of Justice

Haiti
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City)
there are three tribunals responsible for
civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other
tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope
PIUS XII on 1 May 1946

Honduras
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong
Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region

Hungary
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices
are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)

India
Supreme Court (one chief justice and 25 associate justices are
appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the
age of 65 or are removed for "proved misbehavior")

Indonesia
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the
president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); a
separate Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi was invested by
the president on 16 August 2003; in March 2004 the Supreme Court
assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower
court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Labor
Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in
January 2006

Iran
Supreme Court - above a special clerical court, a revolutionary
court, and a special administrative court

Iraq
Supreme Court appointed by the Prime Minister, confirmed by the
Presidency Council

Ireland
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Isle of Man
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)

Israel
Supreme Court (justices appointed by Judicial Selection
Committee - made up of all three branches of the government;
mandatory retirement age is 70)

Italy
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)

Jamaica
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after
designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the
cabinet)

Jersey
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)

Jordan
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)

Kenya
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president);
High Court

Kiribati
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges
at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)

Korea, South
Supreme Court (justices appointed by president with
consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices
appointed by president based partly on nominations by National
Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)

Kuwait
High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)

Lebanon
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)

Lesotho
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch acting on
the advice of the Prime Minister); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's
Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia
Supreme Court

Libya
Supreme Court

Liechtenstein
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal
or Obergericht

Lithuania
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
judges for all courts appointed by the President

Luxembourg
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2
district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau
Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region

Macedonia
Supreme Court - the Assembly appoints the judges;
Constitutional Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican
Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges

Madagascar
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives
High Court

Mali
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Marshall Islands
Supreme Court; High Court; Traditional Rights Court

Martinique
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts

Mauritius
Supreme Court

Mayotte
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico
Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia
Nacional (justices or ministros are appointed by the president with
consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of
Supreme Court

Moldova
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)

Monaco
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved
by the president)

Montenegro
Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms);
Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)

Montserrat
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)

Morocco
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of
the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts
note: although the constitution provides for a separate
Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence
the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru
Supreme Court

Nepal
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)

Netherlands
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)

New Caledonia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note -
Judges appointed by the Governor-General

Nicaragua
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on
the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court;
Federal District Court

Norway
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)

Oman
Supreme Court
note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
judges who practice secular and Shari'a law

Pakistan
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)

Paraguay
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines
Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and
serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan
(special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)

Pitcairn Islands
Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
Judicial Officers are appointed by the Governor

Poland
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico
Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance
composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar
Court of Appeal
note: under a judiciary law issued in 2003, the former two court
systems, civil and Islamic law, were merged under a higher court,
the Court of Cassation, established for appeals

Reunion
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania
Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed
for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the
Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister
of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society
representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and
prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the
Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions
regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and
internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members
serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the
president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies

Russia
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration
Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda
Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial
Courts; District Courts; mediation committees

Saint Helena
Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to
Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica,
Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and
Titles Court

San Marino
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals

Serbia
Constitutional Court (nine justices with life tenure)

Seychelles
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by
the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council);
Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of
nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges
elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)

Slovenia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands
Court of Appeal

Somalia
following the breakdown of the central government, most
regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either
secular, traditional Somali customary law, or Shari'a (Islamic) law
with a provision for appeal of all sentences

South Africa
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sudan
Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court;
National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial
Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National
Judiciary

Suriname
Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate
court (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch

Sweden
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms
by the Federal Assembly)

Syria
Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates electoral disputes
and rules on constitutionality of laws and decrees; justices
appointed for four-year terms by the President); High Judicial
Council (appoints and dismisses judges; headed by the President);
Court of Cassation (national level); State Security Courts (hear
cases related to national security); Personal Status Courts
(religious; hear cases related to marriage and divorce); Courts of
First Instance (local level; include magistrate, summary, and peace
courts)

Taiwan
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with
consent of the Legislative Yuan)

Tajikistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court
of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court
(consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)

Thailand
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen
and approved by Privy Council)

Trinidad and Tobago
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president after consultation with the prime
minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are
appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal
Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Caribbean Court of
Appeals member; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the
Privy Council in London

Tunisia
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey
Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay);
Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military
High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court

Turkmenistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Tuvalu
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

Ukraine
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

United Kingdom
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States
Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the
president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate;
appointed to serve for life); United States Courts of Appeal; United
States District Courts; State and County Courts

Uruguay
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia
(magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single
12-year term)

Vietnam
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)

Virgin Islands
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Superior Court of the Virgin Islands (judges
appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna
none; justice generally administered under French
law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen
Supreme Court

Zambia
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe
Supreme Court; High Court

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2095 Labor force

Afghanistan
15 million (2004 est.)

Albania
1.09 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers) (2004
est.)

Algeria
10.15 million (2005 est.)

American Samoa
17,630 (2005)

Andorra
48,740 (2004)

Angola
5.58 million (2005 est.)

Anguilla
6,049 (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda
30,000

Argentina
15.34 million (2005 est.)

Armenia
1.2 million (2005)

Aruba
41,500 (2004 est.)

Australia
10.42 million (2005 est.)

Austria
3.49 million (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan
5.45 million (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The
176,300 (2004)

Bahrain
380,000
note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(2005 est.)

Bangladesh
66.6 million
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman,
Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion
in 1998-99 (2005 est.)

Barbados
128,500 (2001 est.)

Belarus
4.3 million (31 December 2005)

Belgium
4.77 million (2005 est.)

Belize
90,000
note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel
(2001 est.)

Benin
3.211 million

Bermuda
38,360 (2004)

Bhutan
NA
note: major shortage of skilled labor

Bolivia
4.22 million (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.026 million (2001)

Botswana
288,400 formal sector employees (2004)

Brazil
90.41 million (2005 est.)

British Virgin Islands
12,770 (2004)

Brunei
146,300
note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary
residents make up about 40% of labor force (2003 est.)

Bulgaria
3.34 million (2005 est.)

Burkina Faso
5 million
note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2003)

Burma
27.75 million (2005 est.)

Burundi
2.99 million (2002)

Cambodia
7 million (2003 est.)

Cameroon
6.86 million (2005 est.)

Canada
16.3 million (December 2005)

Cape Verde
120,600

Cayman Islands
23,450 (2004)

Central African Republic
NA

Chad
2.719 million

Chile
6.3 million (2005 est.)

China
791.4 million (2005 est.)

Christmas Island
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA

Colombia
20.52 million (2005)

Comoros
144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
14.51 million

Congo, Republic of the
NA

Cook Islands
6,820 (2001)

Costa Rica
1.82 million (2005 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire
6.95 million (68% agricultural) (2005 est.)

Croatia
1.71 million (2005 est.)

Cuba
4.6 million
note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2005 est.)

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 370,000, north Cyprus: 95,025 (2005 est.)

Czech Republic
5.27 million (2005 est.)

Denmark
2.9 million (2005 est.)

Djibouti
282,000 (2000)

Dominica
25,000 (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic
2.3 million-2.6 million (2000 est.)

East Timor
NA

Ecuador
4.6 million (urban) (2005 est.)

Egypt
21.34 million (2005 est.)

El Salvador
2.81 million (2005 est.)

Equatorial Guinea
NA

Eritrea
NA

Estonia
670,000 (2005 est.)

Ethiopia
27.27 million

European Union
218.5 million (2005 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,724 (est.)

Faroe Islands
24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji
137,000 (1999)

Finland
2.61 million (2005 est.)

France
27.72 million (2005 est.)

French Guiana
62,630 (1999)

French Polynesia
65,870 (December 2005)

Gabon
640,000 (2005 est.)

Gambia, The
400,000 (1996)

Gaza Strip
278,000 (April-June 2005)

Georgia
2.04 million (2004 est.)

Germany
43.32 million (2005 est.)

Ghana
10.62 million (2005 est.)

Gibraltar
12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)

Greece
4.72 million (2005 est.)

Greenland
24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada
42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe
191,400 (1999)

Guam
62,050 (2002 est.)

Guatemala
3.76 million (2005 est.)

Guernsey
32,290 (2001)

Guinea
3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau
480,000 (1999)

Guyana
418,000 (2001 est.)

Haiti
3.6 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)

Holy See (Vatican City)
NA

Honduras
2.54 million (2005 est.)

Hong Kong
3.61 million (October 2005)

Hungary
4.18 million (2005 est.)

Iceland
165,900 (2005 est.)

India
496.4 million (2005 est.)

Indonesia
94.2 million (2005 est.)

Iran
23.68 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2005 est.)

Iraq
7.4 million (2004 est.)

Ireland
2.03 million (2005 est.)

Isle of Man
39,690 (2001)

Israel
2.42 million (2005 est.)

Italy
24.49 million (2005 est.)

Jamaica
1.2 million (2005 est.)

Japan
66.4 million (2005 est.)

Jersey
52,790 (2004)

Jordan
1.46 million (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan
7.85 million (2005 est.)

Kenya
11.85 million (2005 est.)

Kiribati
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence
farmers (2001 est.)

Korea, North
9.6 million

Korea, South
23.53 million (2005 est.)

Kuwait 1.67 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan
2.7 million (2000)

Laos
2.8 million (2002 est.)

Latvia
1.11 million (2005 est.)

Lebanon
2.6 million
note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(2001 est.)

Lesotho
838,000 (2000)

Libya
1.64 million (2005 est.)

Liechtenstein
29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria,
Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)

Lithuania
1.61 million (2005 est.)

Luxembourg
316,500 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers
commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2005 est.)

Macau
251,200 (3rd Quarter, 2005)

Macedonia
855,000 (2004 est.)

Madagascar
7.3 million (2000)

Malawi
4.5 million (2001 est.)

Malaysia
10.67 million (2005 est.)

Maldives
88,000 (2000)

Mali
3.93 million (2001 est.)

Malta
160,000 (2005 est.)

Marshall Islands
14,680 (2000)

Martinique
165,900 (1998)

Mauritania
786,000 (2001)

Mauritius
570,000 (2005 est.)

Mayotte
44,560 (2002)

Mexico
43.4 million (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of
37,410

Moldova
1.34 million (2005 est.)

Monaco 41,110 note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2004)

Mongolia
1.488 million (2003)

Montenegro
259,100 (2004)

Montserrat 4,521 note: lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity (2000 est.)

Morocco
11.19 million (2005 est.)

Mozambique
9.2 million (2000 est.)

Namibia
820,000 (2005 est.)

Nepal 10.4 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (2004 est.)

Netherlands
7.53 million (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles
83,600 (2005)

New Caledonia
78,990 (including 11,300 unemployed) (2004)

New Zealand
2.13 million (2005 est.)

Nicaragua
2.01 million (2005 est.)

Niger
70,000 salaried workers, 60% of whom are employed in the
public sector (2002 est.)

Nigeria
57.21 million (2005 est.)

Niue
NA 663

Norfolk Island
1,345

Northern Mariana Islands 44,470 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (2000)

Norway
2.4 million (2005 est.)

Oman
920,000 (2002 est.)

Pakistan
46.84 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2005 est.)

Palau
9,777 (2005)

Panama
1.39 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea
2.413 million (2004)

Paraguay
2.68 million (2005 est.)

Peru
9.06 million (2005 est.)

Philippines
36.73 million (2005 est.)

Pitcairn Islands
15 able-bodied men (2004)

Poland
17.1 million (2005 est.)

Portugal
5.52 million (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico
1.3 million (2000)

Qatar
440,000 (2005 est.)

Reunion
299,000 (2002)

Romania
9.31 million (2005 est.)

Russia
74.22 million (2005 est.)

Rwanda
4.6 million (2000)

Saint Helena 2,486 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis
18,170 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia
43,800 (2001 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3,261 (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
41,680 (1991 est.)

Samoa
90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino
19,970 (2003)

Sao Tome and Principe
35,050

Saudi Arabia
6.76 million
note: more than 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is
non-national (2005 est.)

Senegal
4.82 million (2005 est.)

Serbia
2.961 million for Serbia (including Kosovo) (2002 est.)

Seychelles
30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone
1.369 million (1981 est.)

Singapore
2.28 million (September 2005 est.)

Slovakia
2.24 million (30 September 2005 est.)

Slovenia
920,000 (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands
249,200 (1999)

Somalia
3.7 million (very few skilled laborers)

South Africa
15.23 million economically active (2005 est.)

Spain
20.67 million (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka
8.08 million (2005 est.)

Sudan
7.415 million (1996 est.)

Suriname
156,700 (2004)

Svalbard
NA

Swaziland
155,700 (2003)

Sweden
4.49 million (2005 est.)

Switzerland
3.8 million (2005 est.)

Syria
5.12 million (2004 est.)

Taiwan
10.6 million (2005 est.)

Tajikistan
3.7 million (2003)

Tanzania
19.22 million (2005 est.)

Thailand
35.36 million (2005 est.)

Togo
1.302 million (1998)

Tokelau
440

Tonga
33,910 (2003)

Trinidad and Tobago
620,000 (2005 est.)

Tunisia
3.41 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2005 est.)

Turkey
24.7 million
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan
2.32 million (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands
4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu
3,615 (2004 est.)

Uganda
13.17 million (2005 est.)

Ukraine
22.67 million (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates
2.8 million (2005 est.)

United Kingdom
30.07 million (2005 est.)

United States
149.3 million (includes unemployed) (2005 est.)

Uruguay
1.52 million (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan
14.26 million (2005 est.)

Vanuatu
76,410

Venezuela
12.31 million (2005 est.)

Vietnam
44.39 million (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands
43,980 (2004 est.)

Wallis and Futuna
NA 3,104

West Bank
614,000 (April-June 2005)

Western Sahara
12,000

World
3.001 billion (2005 est.)

Yemen
5.83 million (2005 est.)

Zambia
4.8 million (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe
3.94 million (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006

@2096 Land boundaries (km)

Afghanistan
total: 5,529 km
border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Akrotiri
total: 47.4 km
border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km

Albania
total: 720 km
border countries: Greece 282 km, Macedonia 151 km, Montenegro 172
km, Serbia 115 km

Algeria
total: 6,343 km
border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,
Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa
0 km

Andorra
total: 120.3 km
border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola
total: 5,198 km
border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of
which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),
Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla
0 km

Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on Disputes - international

Antigua and Barbuda
0 km

Argentina
total: 9,665 km
border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,
Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Armenia
total: 1,254 km
border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km