Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyz (part 2)

Ethiopia:
Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of
the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and
appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other
federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's
Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal
Judicial Administrative Council)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions)

Faroe Islands:
none

Fiji:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Finland:
Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the
president)

France:
Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are
appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of
the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel
(three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the
president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the
president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana:
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court
based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe,
and French Guiana)

French Polynesia:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the
First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of
Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers -
Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts
of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The:
Supreme Court

Georgia:
Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the
president's recommendation); Constitutional Court

Germany:
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht
(half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the
Bundesrat)

Ghana:
Supreme Court

Gibraltar:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece:
Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges
appointed for life by the president after consultation with a
judicial council

Greenland:
High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre
Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in
Copenhagen)

Grenada:
West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate
judge resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over
Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam:
Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president);
Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by
the governor)

Guatemala:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a
president of the Court each year from among their number; the
president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial
judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms);
Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges
are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving
one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by
Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed
by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San
Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)

Guernsey:
Royal Court

Guinea:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau:
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica
(consists of nine justices who are appointed by the president and
serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil
cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of
appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and
civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are
not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000
and misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana:
Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High
Court

Haiti:
Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City):
none; normally handled by Italy

Honduras:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong:
The Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region

Hungary:
Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National
Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland:
Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for
life by the president)

India:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and
remain in office until they reach the age of 65)

Indonesia:
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by
the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature)

Iran:
Supreme Court

Iraq:
Court of Cassation

Ireland:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Israel:
Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)

Italy:
Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15
judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by
Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative
Supreme Courts)

Jamaica:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on
the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan:
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch
after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed
by the cabinet)

Jersey:
Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the
bailiff)

Jordan:
Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan:
Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7
members)

Kenya:
Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the
president); High Court

Kiribati:
Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts;
judges at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North:
Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme
People's Assembly)

Korea, South:
Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president
with the consent of the National Assembly)

Kuwait:
High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by
the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president);
Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos:
People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme
Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of
the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the
People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National
Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia:
Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by
Parliament)

Lebanon:
four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and
commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional
Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of
laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and
prime minister as needed)

Lesotho:
High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Court
of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia:
Supreme Court

Libya:
Supreme Court

Liechtenstein:
Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Superior Court
or Obergericht

Lithuania:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
appointed by the Parliament

Luxembourg:
judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace,
2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative
courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative
courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all
courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau:
The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative
Region

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
Constitutional Court;
Judicial Court of the Republic; judges for both courts are elected
by the Judicial Council

Madagascar:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court
or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi:
Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed
by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the
Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia:
Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on
the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives:
High Court

Mali:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta:
Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Man, Isle of:
High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the
Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant
governor)

Marshall Islands:
Supreme Court; High Court

Martinique:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania:
Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower
courts

Mauritius:
Supreme Court

Mayotte:
Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
Supreme Court

Moldova:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for
constitutional judicature)

Monaco:
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia:
Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and
provincial courts, but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts;
judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval
by the president)

Montserrat:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia,
one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and
presides over the High Court)

Morocco:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation
of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the
monarch)

Mozambique:
Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its
professional judges are appointed by the president and some are
elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative
Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts

note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a
separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in
its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru:
Supreme Court

Nepal:
Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed
by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the
other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of
the Judicial Council)

Netherlands:
Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles:
Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed
by the monarch)

New Caledonia:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand:
High Court; Court of Appeal

Nicaragua:
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for
seven-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger:
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria:
Supreme Court (judges appointed by the Provisional Ruling
Council); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the
federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue:
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island:
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands:
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior
Court; Federal District Court

Norway:
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)

Oman:
Supreme Court

note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges

Pakistan:
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau:
Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea:
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)

Paraguay:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia
(judges appointed on the proposal of the Counsel of Magistrates or
Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru:
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines:
Supreme Court (justices are appointed for four-year
terms by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar
Council)

Pitcairn Islands:
Island Court (island magistrate presides over the
court and is elected every three years)

Poland:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal:
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico:
Supreme Court; Superior Courts; Municipal Courts
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)

Qatar:
Court of Appeal

Reunion:
Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania:
Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of
Magistrates)

Russia:
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of
Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda:
Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts

Saint Helena:
Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court;
Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on
Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts
and Nevis)

Saint Lucia:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends
to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands,
Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

San Marino:
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia:
Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal:
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial
system was reformed in 1992

Seychelles:
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone:
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore:
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the
president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are
appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice);
Court of Appeals

Slovakia:
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National
Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from
group of nominees approved by the National Council)

Slovenia:
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands:
Court of Appeal

Somalia:
following the breakdown of national government, most
regions have reverted to Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for
appeal of all sentences

South Africa:
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain:
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka:
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president

Sudan:
Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts

Suriname:
Court of Justice (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland:
High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch

Sweden:
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland:
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year
terms by the Federal Assembly)

Syria:
Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for
four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of
Cassation; State Security Courts

Tajikistan:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania:
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman);
Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High
Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)

Thailand:
Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo:
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau:
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief
justice of the Supreme Court)

Trinidad and Tobago:
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and
the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the
president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service
Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; The Majistracy
(hears minor civil cases and summary criminal cases)

Tunisia:
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey:
Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the
president); Court of Appeals (judges are elected by the Supreme
Council of Judges and Prosecutors)

Turkmenistan:
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
Supreme Court

Tuvalu:
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda:
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

Ukraine:
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates:
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)

United Kingdom:
House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several
Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life);
Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising
the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown
Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States:
Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for
life by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United
States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and
County Courts

Uruguay:
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan:
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu:
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela:
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de
Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a
single 12-year term)

Vietnam:
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a
five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the
president)

Virgin Islands:
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the
governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna:
none; justice generally administered under French
law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings
administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen:
Supreme Court

Yugoslavia:
Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court;
judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for
nine-year terms

Zambia:
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe:
Supreme Court; High Court

Taiwan:
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with the
consent of the National Assembly; note - beginning in 2003, justices
will be appointed by the president with the consent of the
Legislative Yuan)

@Labor force

Afghanistan:
10 million (2000 est.)

Albania:
1.692 million (including 352,000 emigrant workers and
261,000 domestically unemployed) (1994 est.)

Algeria:
9.1 million (2000 est.)

American Samoa:
14,000 (1996)

Andorra:
30,787 salaried employees (1998)

Angola:
5 million (1997 est.)

Anguilla:
4,400 (1992)

Antigua and Barbuda:
30,000

Argentina:
15 million (1999)

Armenia:
1.5 million (1999)

Aruba:
41,501 (1997 est.)

Australia:
9.5 million (December 1999)

Austria:
3.7 million (1999)

Azerbaijan:
2.9 million (1997)

Bahamas, The:
156,000 (1999)

Bahrain:
295,000 (1998 est.)

note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

Bangladesh:
64.1 million (1998)

note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99

Barbados:
136,000 (1998 est.)

Belarus:
4.8 million (2000)

Belgium:
4.34 million (1999)

Belize:
71,000

note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical
personnel (1997 est.)

Benin:
NA

Bermuda:
35,296 (1997)

Bhutan:
NA

note: massive lack of skilled labor

Bolivia:
2.5 million

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
1.026 million

Botswana:
235,000 formal sector employees (1995)

Brazil:
79 million (1999 est.)

British Virgin Islands:
4,911 (1980)

Brunei:
144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and
military personnel

note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991)

Bulgaria:
3.83 million (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso:
5 million (1999)

note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment

Burma:
19.7 million (FY98/99 est.)

Burundi:
1.9 million

Cambodia:
6 million (1998 est.)

Cameroon:
NA

Canada:
16.1 million (2000)

Cape Verde:
NA

Cayman Islands:
19,820 (1995)

Central African Republic:
NA

Chad:
NA

Chile:
5.8 million (1999 est.)

China:
700 million (1998 est.)

Christmas Island:
NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
NA

Colombia:
18.3 million (1999 est.)

Comoros:
144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
14.51 million (1993 est.)

Congo, Republic of the:
NA

Cook Islands:
6,601 (1993)

Costa Rica:
1.9 million (1999)

Cote d'Ivoire:
68% agricultural (2000 est.)

Croatia:
1.68 million (October 2000)

Cuba:
4.3 million (2000 est.)

note: state sector 75%, non-state sector 25% (1998)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300
(2000)

Czech Republic:
5.203 million (1999 est.)

Denmark:
2.856 million (2000 est.)

Djibouti:
282,000

Dominica:
25,000

Dominican Republic:
2.3 million - 2.6 million

Ecuador:
4.2 million

Egypt:
19.9 million (2000 est.)

El Salvador:
2.35 million (1999)

Equatorial Guinea:
NA

Eritrea:
NA

Estonia:
785,500 (1999 est.)

Ethiopia:
NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
1,100 (est.)

Faroe Islands:
24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji:
235,000

Finland:
2.6 million (2000 est.)

France:
25 million (2000)

French Guiana:
58,800 (1997)

French Polynesia:
70,000 (1996)

Gabon:
600,000

Gambia, The:
400,000

Gaza Strip:
NA

Georgia:
3.08 million (1997)

Germany:
40.5 million (1999 est.)

Ghana:
9 million (2000 est.)

Gibraltar:
14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)

Greece:
4.32 million (1999 est.)

Greenland:
24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada:
42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe:
125,900 (1997)

Guam:
60,000 (2000 est.)

Guatemala:
4.2 million (1999 est.)

Guernsey:
31,322 (2000)

Guinea:
3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau:
480,000

Guyana:
245,492 (1992)

Haiti:
3.6 million (1995)

note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)

Holy See (Vatican City):
NA

Honduras:
2.3 million (1997 est.)

Hong Kong:
3.39 million (2000 est.)

Hungary:
4.2 million (1997)

Iceland:
159,000 (2000)

India:
NA

Indonesia:
99 million (1999)

Iran:
17.3 million

note: shortage of skilled labor (1998)

Iraq:
4.4 million (1989)

Ireland:
1.82 million (2000 est.)

Israel:
2.4 million (2000 est.)

Italy:
23.4 million (2000)

Jamaica:
1.13 million (1998)

Japan:
67.7 million (December 2000)

Jersey:
57,050 (1996)

Jordan:
1.15 million

note: in addition, at least 300,000 workers are employed abroad
(1997 est.)

Kazakhstan:
8.8 million (1997)

Kenya:
9.2 million (1998 est.)

Kiribati:
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence
farmers (1985 est.)

Korea, North:
9.6 million

Korea, South:
22 million (2000)

Kuwait:
1.3 million (1998 est.)

note: 68% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

Kyrgyzstan:
1.7 million

Laos:
1 million - 1.5 million

Latvia:
1.4 million (2000 est.)

Lebanon:
1.3 million (1999 est.)

note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(1997 est.)

Lesotho:
700,000 economically active

Libya:
1.5 million (2000 est.)

Liechtenstein:
22,891 of which 13,847 are foreigners; 8,231 commute
from Austria and Switzerland to work each day

Lithuania:
2 million (2000 est.)

Luxembourg:
248,000 (of whom 70,200 are foreign cross-border workers
primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)

Macau:
283,450 (1999)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
1 million (1999 est.)

Madagascar:
7 million (1999)

Malawi:
3.5 million

Malaysia:
9.6 million (2000 est.)

Maldives:
67,000 (1995)

Mali:
NA

Malta:
145,901 (1999)

Man, Isle of:
36,610 (1998)

Marshall Islands:
NA

Martinique:
170,000 (1997)

Mauritania:
750,000 (1999)

Mauritius:
514,000 (1995)

Mayotte:
NA

Mexico:
39.8 million (2000)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
NA

Moldova:
1.7 million (1998)

Monaco:
30,540 (January 1994)

Mongolia:
1.3 million (1999)

Montserrat:
4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of
people from volcanic activity

Morocco:
11 million (1997 est.)

Mozambique:
7.4 million (1997 est.)

Namibia:
500,000

Nepal:
10 million (1996 est.)

note: severe lack of skilled labor

Netherlands:
7.2 million (2000)

Netherlands Antilles:
89,000

New Caledonia:
79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996)

New Zealand:
1.88 million (2000)

Nicaragua:
1.7 million (1999)

Niger:
70,000 receive regular wages or salaries

Nigeria:
66 million (1999 est.)

Niue:
450 (1992 est.)

Norfolk Island:
1,395 (1991 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands: 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers (1995)

Norway:
2.4 million (2000 est.)

Oman:
850,000 (1997 est.)

Pakistan:
40 million

note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2000 est.)

Palau:
8,300 (1999)

Panama:
1.1 million (2000 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor

Papua New Guinea:
1.941 million

Paraguay:
2 million (2000 est.)

Peru:
7.6 million (1996 est.)

Philippines:
48.1 million (2000 est.)

Pitcairn Islands:
12 able-bodied men (1997)

Poland:
17.2 million (1999 est.)

Portugal:
5 million (1999)

Puerto Rico:
1.3 million (2000)

Qatar:
233,000 (1993 est.)

Reunion:
261,000 (1995)

Romania:
9.9 million (1999 est.)

Russia:
66 million (1997)

Rwanda:
3.6 million

Saint Helena:
3,500 (1998 est.)

note: 1,200 of whom are working offshore

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
18,172 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia:
43,800

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
3,000 (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
67,000 (1984 est.)

Samoa:
90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino:
18,500 (1999)

Sao Tome and Principe:
NA

Saudi Arabia:
7 million

note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

Senegal:
NA

Seychelles:
30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone:
1.369 million (1981 est.)

note: only about 65,000 wage earners (1985)

Singapore:
2.1 million (2000)

Slovakia:
3 million (1999)

Slovenia:
857,400

Solomon Islands:
26,842

Somalia:
3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers) (1993 est.)

South Africa:
17 million economically active (2000)

Spain:
17 million (2000)

Sri Lanka:
6.6 million (1998)

Sudan:
11 million (1996 est.)

Suriname:
100,000

Svalbard:
NA

Swaziland:
NA

Sweden:
4.4 million (2000 est.)

Switzerland:
3.9 million (964,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian)
(1998 est.)

Syria:
4.7 million (1998 est.)

Tajikistan:
1.9 million (1996)

Tanzania:
13.495 million

Thailand:
32.6 million (1997 est.)

Togo:
1.74 million (1996)

Tokelau:
NA

Tonga:
34,000 (FY96/97)

Trinidad and Tobago:
558,700 (1998)

Tunisia:
2.65 million (2000 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor

Turkey: 23 million (2000 est.)

note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (1999)

Turkmenistan:
2.34 million (1996)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu:
NA

Uganda:
8.361 million (1993 est.)

Ukraine:
22.8 million (yearend 1997)

United Arab Emirates:
1.4 million (1998 est.)

note: 75% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(July 1998 est.)

United Kingdom:
29.2 million (1999)

United States:
140.9 million (includes unemployed) (2000)

Uruguay:
1.5 million (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan:
11.9 million (1998 est.)

Vanuatu:
NA

Venezuela:
9.9 million (1999)

Vietnam:
38.2 million (1998 est.)

Virgin Islands:
47,443 (1990 est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
NA

West Bank:
NA

Western Sahara:
12,000

World:
NA

Yemen:
NA

Yugoslavia:
1.6 million (1999 est.)

Zambia:
3.4 million

Zimbabwe:
5.5 million (2000 est.)

Taiwan:
9.8 million (2000 est.)

@Labor force - by occupation

Afghanistan:
agriculture 70%, industry 15%, services 15% (1990 est.)

Albania:
agriculture 50%, industry and services 50%

Algeria:
government 29%, agriculture 25%, construction and public
works 15%, industry 11%, other 20% (1996 est.)

American Samoa:
government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990)

Andorra:
agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (1998)

Angola:
agriculture 85%, industry and services 15% (1997 est.)

Anguilla:
commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%,
transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%,
agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%

Antigua and Barbuda: commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983)

Argentina:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Armenia:
agriculture 55%, services 25%, industry 20% (1999 est.)

Aruba:
most employment is in wholesale and retail trade and repair,
followed by hotels and restaurants; oil refining

Australia:
services 73%, industry 22%, agriculture 5% (1997 est.)

Austria:
services 68%, industry and crafts 29%, agriculture and
forestry 3% (1999 est.)

Azerbaijan:
agriculture and forestry 32%, industry 15%, services 53%
(1997)

Bahamas, The:
tourism 40%, other services 50%, industry 5%,
agriculture 5% (1995 est.)

Bahrain:
industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%,
agriculture 1% (1997 est.)

Bangladesh:
agriculture 63%, services 26%, industry 11% (FY95/96)

Barbados:
services 75%, industry 15%, agriculture 10% (1996 est.)

Belarus:
industry and construction NA%, agriculture and forestry
NA%, services NA%

Belgium:
services 73%, industry 25%, agriculture 2% (1999 est.)

Belize:
agriculture 38%, industry 32%, services 30% (1994)

Bermuda:
clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and
technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%,
agriculture and fishing 2% (1996)

Bhutan:
agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2%

Bolivia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Botswana:
100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including
14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most
others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995
est.)

Brazil:
services 53.2%, agriculture 23.1%, industry 23.7%

British Virgin Islands:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Brunei:
government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services,
and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999
est.)

Bulgaria:
agriculture 26%, industry 31%, services 43% (1998 est.)

Burkina Faso:
agriculture 90% (2000 est.)

Burma:
agriculture 65%, industry 10%, services 25% (1999 est.)

Burundi:
NA

Cambodia:
agriculture 80% (1999 est.)

Cameroon:
agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%

Canada:
services 74%, manufacturing 15%, construction 5%,
agriculture 3%, other 3% (2000)

Cayman Islands:
agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995)

Chad:
agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)

Chile:
agriculture 14%, industry 27%, services 59% (1997 est.)

China:
agriculture 50%, industry 24%, services 26% (1998)

Christmas Island:
tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: the Cocos Islands Cooperative Society Ltd. employs construction workers, stevedores, and lighterage workers; tourism employs others

Colombia:
services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% (1990)

Comoros:
agriculture 80%

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
agriculture 65%, industry 16%,
services 19% (1991 est.)

Cook Islands:
agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56% (1995)
note - shortage of skilled labor

Costa Rica:
agriculture 20%, industry 22%, services 58% (1999 est.)

Croatia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Cuba:
agriculture 25%, industry 24%, services 51% (1998)

Cyprus:
Greek Cypriot area: services 73%, industry 22%, agriculture
5% (2000); Turkish Cypriot area: services 56.4%, industry 22.8%,
agriculture 20.8% (1998)

Czech Republic:
agriculture 5%, industry 40%, services 55% (2000
est.)

Denmark:
services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2000 est.)

Djibouti:
agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% (1991 est.)

Dominica:
agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28%

Dominican Republic: services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.)

Ecuador:
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)

Egypt:
agriculture 29%, services 49%, industry 22% (FY99)

El Salvador:
agriculture 30%, industry 15%, services 55% (1999 est.)

Eritrea:
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20%

Estonia:
industry 20%, agriculture 11%, services 69% (1999 est.)

Ethiopia:
agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and
services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
agriculture 95% (mostly
sheepherding and fishing)

Faroe Islands:
fishing, fish processing, and manufacturing 33%,
construction and private services 33%, public services 34%

Fiji:
subsistence agriculture 67%, wage earners 18%, salary earners
15% (1987)

Finland:
public services 32%, industry 22%, commerce 14%, finance,
insurance, and business services 10%, agriculture and forestry 8%,
transport and communications 8%, construction 6%

France:
services 71%, industry 25%, agriculture 4% (1997)

French Guiana:
services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry
21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980)

French Polynesia:
agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (1997)

Gabon:
agriculture 60%, services and government 25%, industry and
commerce 15%

Gambia, The:
agriculture 75%, industry, commerce, and services 19%,
government 6%

Gaza Strip:
services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996)

Georgia:
industry 20%, agriculture 40%, services 40% (1999 est.)

Germany:
industry 33.4%, agriculture 2.8%, services 63.8% (1999)

Ghana:
agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)

Gibraltar:
services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%

Greece:
industry 21%, agriculture 20%, services 59% (2000 est.)

Grenada:
services 62%, agriculture 24%, industry 14% (1999 est.)

Guadeloupe:
NA

Guam:
federal and territorial government 26%, private 74% (trade
24%, other services 40%, industry 10%) (2000 est.)

Guatemala:
agriculture 50%, industry 15%, services 35% (1999 est.)

Guinea:
agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2000 est.)

Guinea-Bissau:
agriculture 78%

Guyana:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Haiti:
agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%

Holy See (Vatican City): agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican

Honduras:
agriculture 29%, industry 21%, services 50% (1998 est.)

Hong Kong:
wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels
31.5%, community and social services 24%, financing, insurance, and
real estate 14.5%, transport and communications 11.6%, manufacturing
7.7%, construction 2.6% (October 1999)

Hungary:
services 65%, industry 27%, agriculture 8% (1996)

Iceland:
agriculture 5.1%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%,
manufacturing 12.9%, construction 10.7%, other services 59.5% (1999)

India:
agriculture 67%, services 18%, industry 15% (1995 est.)

Indonesia:
agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Iran:
agriculture 33%, industry 25%, services 42% (1999 est.)

Iraq:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Ireland:
services 64%, industry 28%, agriculture 8% (2000 est.)

Israel:
public services 31.2%, manufacturing 20.2%, finance and
business 13.1%, commerce 12.8%, construction 7.5%, personal and
other services 6.4%, transport, storage, and communications 6.2%,
agriculture, forestry, and fishing 2.6% (1996)

Italy:
services 61.9%, industry 32.6%, agriculture 5.5% (1999)

Jamaica:
services 60%, agriculture 21%, industry 19% (1998)

Japan:
services 65%, industry 30%, agriculture 5%

Jordan:
industry 11.4%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 10.5%,
construction 10%, transport and communications 8.7%, agriculture
7.4%, other services 52% (1992)

Kazakhstan:
industry 27%, agriculture 23%, services 50% (1996)

Kenya:
agriculture 75%-80%

Korea, North:
agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%

Korea, South:
services 68%, industry 20%, agriculture 12% (1999)

Kuwait:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Kyrgyzstan:
agriculture 55%, industry 15%, services 30% (1999 est.)

Laos:
agriculture 80% (1997 est.)

Latvia:
agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (2000 est.)

Lebanon:
services NA%, industry NA%, agriculture NA%

Lesotho:
86% of resident population engaged in subsistence
agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in
South Africa

Liberia:
agriculture 70%, industry 8%, services 22% (1999 est.)

Libya:
services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17%
(1997 est.)

Liechtenstein:
industry, trade, and building 45%, services 53%,
agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 2% (1997 est.)

Lithuania:
industry 30%, agriculture 20%, services 50% (1997 est.)

Luxembourg:
services 83.2%, industry 14.3%, agriculture 2.5% (1998
est.)

Macau:
restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services
52% (2000 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
agriculture NA%,
industry NA%, services NA%

Malawi:
agriculture 86% (1997 est.)

Malaysia:
local trade and tourism 28%, manufacturing 27%,
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries 16%, services 10%, government
10%, construction 9% (2000 est.)

Maldives:
agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995)

Mali:
agriculture and fishing 80% (1998 est.)

Malta:
industry 24%, services 71%, agriculture 5% (1999 est.)

Man, Isle of:
agriculture, forestry and fishing 3%, manufacturing
11%, construction 10%, transport and communication 8%, wholesale and
retail distribution 11%, professional and scientific services 18%,
public administration 6%, banking and finance 18%, tourism 2%,
entertainment and catering 3%, miscellaneous services 10%

Marshall Islands:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Martinique:
agriculture 10%, industry 17%, services 73% (1997)

Mauritania:
agriculture 47%, services 39%, industry 14%

Mauritius:
construction and industry 36%, services 24%, agriculture
and fishing 14%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, transportation and
communication 7%, finance 3% (1995)

Mexico:
agriculture 20%, industry 24%, services 56% (1998)

Micronesia, Federated States of:
two-thirds are government employees

Moldova:
agriculture 40%, industry 14%, other 46% (1998)

Mongolia:
primarily herding/agricultural

Montserrat:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Morocco:
agriculture 50%, services 35%, industry 15% (1999 est.)

Mozambique:
agriculture 81%, industry 6%, services 13% (1997 est.)

Namibia:
agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)

Nauru:
employed in mining phosphates, public administration,
education, and transportation

Nepal:
agriculture 81%, services 16%, industry 3%

Netherlands:
services 73%, industry 23%, agriculture 4% (1998 est.)

Netherlands Antilles: agriculture 1%, industry 13%, services 86% (1994 est.)

New Caledonia:
agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)

New Zealand:
services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995)

Nicaragua:
services 43%, agriculture 42%, industry 15% (1999 est.)

Niger:
agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%

Nigeria:
agriculture 70%, industry 10%, services 20% (1999 est.)

Niue:
most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in
government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board

Norfolk Island:
tourism NA%, subsistence agriculture NA%

Northern Mariana Islands:
NA

Norway:
services 74%, industry 22%, agriculture, forestry, and
fishing 4% (1995)

Oman:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Pakistan:
agriculture 44%, industry 17%, services 39% (1999 est.)

Palau:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Panama:
agriculture 20.8%, industry 18%, services 61.2% (1995 est.)

Papua New Guinea:
agriculture 85%, industry NA%, services NA%

Paraguay:
agriculture 45%

Peru:
agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing,
construction, transport, services

Philippines:
agriculture 39.8%, government and social services
19.4%, services 17.7%, manufacturing 9.8%, construction 5.8%, other
7.5% (1998 est.)

Pitcairn Islands: no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing

Poland:
industry 22.1%, agriculture 27.5%, services 50.4% (1999)

Portugal:
services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.)

Puerto Rico:
agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)

Reunion:
agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990)

Romania:
agriculture 40%, industry 25%, services 35% (1998)

Russia:
agriculture 15%, industry 30%, services 55% (1999 est.)

Rwanda:
agriculture 90%

Saint Helena:
agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly
construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
NA

Saint Lucia:
agriculture 43.4%, services 38.9%, industry and
commerce 17.7% (1983 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
fishing 18%, industry (mainly
fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
agriculture 26%, industry 17%,
services 57% (1980 est.)

Samoa:
agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% (1995 est.)

San Marino:
services 60%, industry 38%, agriculture 2% (1998 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe: population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing

note: shortages of skilled workers

Saudi Arabia:
agriculture 12%, industry 25%, services 63% (1999 est.)

Senegal:
agriculture 60%

Seychelles:
industry 19%, services 71%, agriculture 10% (1989)

Sierra Leone:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Singapore:
financial, business, and other services 35%,
manufacturing 21%, construction 13%, transportation and
communication 9%

Slovakia:
industry 29.3%, agriculture 8.9%, construction 8%,
transport and communication 8.2%, services 45.6% (1994)

Slovenia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Solomon Islands:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Somalia:
agriculture (mostly pastoral nomadism) 71%, industry and
services 29%

South Africa:
agriculture 30%, industry 25%, services 45% (1999 est.)

Spain:
services 64%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 28%,
agriculture 8% (1997 est.)

Sri Lanka:
services 45%, agriculture 38%, industry 17% (1998 est.)

Sudan:
agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%,
unemployed 4% (1996 est.)

Suriname:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Swaziland:
private sector 70%, public sector 30%

Sweden:
agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.)

Switzerland:
services 69.1%, industry 26.3%, agriculture 4.6% (1998
est.)

Syria:
agriculture 40%, industry 20%, services 40% (1996 est.)

Tajikistan:
agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.)

Tanzania:
agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 20% (2000 est.)

Thailand:
agriculture 54%, industry 15%, services 31% (1996 est.)

Togo:
agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)

Tonga:
agriculture 65% (1997 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago:
construction and utilities 12.4%,
manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 9.5%, services
64.1% (1997 est.)

Tunisia:
services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% (1995 est.)

Turkey:
agriculture 38%, services 38%, industry 24% (2000)

Turkmenistan:
agriculture 44%, industry 19%, services 37% (1996)

Turks and Caicos Islands:
about 33% in government and 20% in
agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial,
and other services (1997 est.)

Tuvalu:
people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea,
reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those working abroad
(mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors)

Uganda:
agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.)

Ukraine:
industry 32%, agriculture 24%, services 44% (1996)

United Arab Emirates:
services 60%, industry 32%, agriculture 8%
(1996 est.)

United Kingdom:
agriculture 1%, industry 19%, services 80% (1996
est.)

United States:
managerial and professional 30.2%, technical, sales
and administrative support 29.2%, services 13.5%, manufacturing,
mining, transportation, and crafts 24.6%, farming, forestry, and
fishing 2.5% (2000)

note: figures exclude the unemployed

Uruguay:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Uzbekistan:
agriculture 44%, industry 20%, services 36% (1995)

Vanuatu:
agriculture 65%, services 32%, industry 3% (1995 est.)

Venezuela:
services 64%, industry 23%, agriculture 13% (1997 est.)

Vietnam:
agriculture 67%, industry and services 33% (1997 est.)

Virgin Islands:
agriculture 1%, industry 20%, services 79% (1990
est.)

Wallis and Futuna:
agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%,
government 4% (est.)

West Bank:
services 66%, industry 21%, agriculture 13% (1996)

Western Sahara:
animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%

World:
agricultue NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Yemen:
most people are employed in agriculture and herding;
services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than
one-fourth of the labor force

Yugoslavia:
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Zambia:
agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%

Zimbabwe:
agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996 est.)

Taiwan:
services 55%, industry 37%, agriculture 8% (1999 est.)

@Land boundaries

Afghanistan:
total: 5,529 km

border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Albania:
total: 720 km

border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 151 km, Yugoslavia 287 km

Algeria:
total: 6,343 km

border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,
Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa:
0 km

Andorra:
total: 120.3 km

border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola: total: 5,198 km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 220 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla:
0 km

Antarctica:
0 km

note: see entry on International disputes

Antigua and Barbuda:
0 km

Argentina:
total: 9,665 km

border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,
Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Armenia:
total: 1,254 km

border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan
exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Aruba:
0 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
0 km

Australia:
0 km

Austria:
total: 2,562 km

border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km

Azerbaijan: total: 2,013 km

border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Bahamas, The:
0 km

Bahrain:
0 km

Baker Island:
0 km

Bangladesh:
total: 4,246 km

border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Barbados:
0 km

Bassas da India:
0 km

Belarus:
total: 3,098 km

border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 605 km,
Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km

Belgium:
total: 1,385 km

border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km,
Netherlands 450 km

Belize:
total: 516 km

border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Benin:
total: 1,989 km

border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773
km, Togo 644 km

Bermuda:
0 km

Bhutan:
total: 1,075 km

border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km

Bolivia:
total: 6,743 km

border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km,
Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
total: 1,459 km

border countries: Croatia 932 km, Yugoslavia 527 km

Botswana:
total: 4,013 km

border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe
813 km

Bouvet Island:
0 km

Brazil:
total: 14,691 km

border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

British Indian Ocean Territory:
0 km

British Virgin Islands:
0 km

Brunei:
total: 381 km

border countries: Malaysia 381 km

Bulgaria:
total: 1,808 km

border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Yugoslavia 318 km, Turkey 240 km

Burkina Faso:
total: 3,192 km

border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 548 km,
Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Burma:
total: 5,876 km

border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463
km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

Burundi:
total: 974 km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda
290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Cambodia:
total: 2,572 km

border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Cameroon: total: 4,591 km

border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Canada: total: 8,893 km

border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Cape Verde:
0 km

Cayman Islands:
0 km

Central African Republic:
total: 5,203 km

border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km

Chad:
total: 5,968 km

border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197
km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Chile:
total: 6,171 km

border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

China: total: 22,147.24 km

border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia 4,676.9 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km

Christmas Island:
0 km

Clipperton Island:
0 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
0 km

Colombia:
total: 6,004 km

border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km,
Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km

Comoros:
0 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
total: 10,744 km

border countries: Angola 2,511 km, Burundi 233 km, Central African
Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km,
Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 473 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km

Congo, Republic of the:
total: 5,504 km

border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km

Cook Islands:
0 km

Coral Sea Islands:
0 km

Costa Rica:
total: 639 km

border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Cote d'Ivoire:
total: 3,110 km

border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km,
Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km

Croatia:
total: 2,028 km

border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km,
Yugoslavia 266 km, Slovenia 501 km

Cuba:
total: 29 km

border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km

note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba

Cyprus:
0 km

Czech Republic:
total: 1,881 km

border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km,
Slovakia 215 km

Denmark:
total: 68 km

border countries: Germany 68 km

Djibouti: total: 508 km

border countries: Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km

Dominica:
0 km

Dominican Republic:
total: 275 km

border countries: Haiti 275 km

Ecuador: total: 2,010 km

border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Egypt:
total: 2,689 km

border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km,
Sudan 1,273 km

El Salvador:
total: 545 km

border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

Equatorial Guinea: total: 539 km

border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km

Eritrea: total: 1,630 km

border countries: Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km

Estonia: total: 633 km

border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km

Ethiopia:
total: 5,311 km

border countries: Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km,
Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km

Europa Island:
0 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
0 km

Faroe Islands:
0 km

Fiji:
0 km

Finland:
total: 2,628 km

border countries: Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km

France: total: 2,889 km

border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km

French Guiana: total: 1,183 km

border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km

French Polynesia:
0 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
0 km

Gabon:
total: 2,551 km

border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km,
Equatorial Guinea 350 km

Gambia, The:
total: 740 km

border countries: Senegal 740 km

Gaza Strip: total: 62 km

border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km

Georgia:
total: 1,461 km

border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km,
Turkey 252 km

Germany:
total: 3,618 km

border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 135 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km

Ghana:
total: 2,093 km

border countries: Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo
877 km

Gibraltar:
total: 1.2 km

border countries: Spain 1.2 km

Glorioso Islands:
0 km

Greece:
total: 1,210 km

border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km,
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km

Greenland:
0 km

Grenada:
0 km

Guadeloupe:
total: 10.2 km

border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km

Guam:
0 km

Guatemala:
total: 1,687 km

border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256
km, Mexico 962 km

Guernsey:
0 km

Guinea:
total: 3,399 km

border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km,
Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km

Guinea-Bissau:
total: 724 km

border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km

Guyana: total: 2,462 km

border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

Haiti: total: 275 km

border countries: Dominican Republic 275 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
0 km

Holy See (Vatican City):
total: 3.2 km

border countries: Italy 3.2 km

Honduras:
total: 1,520 km

border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua
922 km

Hong Kong:
total: 30 km

border countries: China 30 km

Howland Island:
0 km

Hungary:
total: 2,009 km

border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km,
Yugoslavia 151 km, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km

Iceland:
0 km

India:
total: 14,103 km

border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463
km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

Indonesia:
total: 2,602 km

border countries: Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km

Iran: total: 5,440 km

border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km

Iraq:
total: 3,631 km

border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 242 km,
Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km

Ireland:
total: 360 km

border countries: UK 360 km

Israel:
total: 1,006 km

border countries: Egypt 255 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km,
Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km

Italy:
total: 1,932.2 km

border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican
City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km

Jamaica:
0 km

Jan Mayen:
0 km

Japan:
0 km

Jarvis Island:
0 km

Jersey:
0 km

Johnston Atoll:
0 km

Jordan:
total: 1,619 km

border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 728 km,
Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km

Juan de Nova Island:
0 km

Kazakhstan:
total: 12,012 km

border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846
km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km

Kenya:
total: 3,446 km

border countries: Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km,
Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km

Kingman Reef:
0 km

Kiribati:
0 km

Korea, North:
total: 1,673 km

border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km

Korea, South: total: 238 km

border countries: North Korea 238 km

Kuwait: total: 464 km

border countries: Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km

Kyrgyzstan:
total: 3,878 km

border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870
km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Laos:
total: 5,083 km

border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km,
Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km

Latvia:
total: 1,150 km

border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km,
Russia 217 km

Lebanon:
total: 454 km

border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km

Lesotho: total: 909 km

border countries: South Africa 909 km

Liberia:
total: 1,585 km

border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone
306 km

Libya:
total: 4,383 km

border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km,
Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km

Liechtenstein:
total: 76 km

border countries: Austria 35 km, Switzerland 41 km

Lithuania:
total: 1,273 km

border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km,
Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km

Luxembourg:
total: 356 km

border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 135 km

Macau: total: 0.34 km

border countries: China 0.34 km

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
total: 748 km

border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km,
Yugoslavia 221 km

Madagascar:
0 km

Malawi:
total: 2,881 km

border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837
km

Malaysia:
total: 2,669 km

border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km

Maldives:
0 km

Mali:
total: 7,243 km

border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km

Malta:
0 km

Man, Isle of:
0 km

Marshall Islands:
0 km

Martinique:
0 km

Mauritania:
total: 5,074 km

border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km,
Western Sahara 1,561 km

Mauritius:
0 km

Mayotte:
0 km

Mexico:
total: 4,538 km

border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km

Micronesia, Federated States of:
0 km

Midway Islands:
0 km

Moldova:
total: 1,389 km

border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km

Monaco: total: 4.4 km

border countries: France 4.4 km

Mongolia: total: 8,161.9 km

border countries: China 4,676.9 km, Russia 3,485 km

Montserrat:
0 km

Morocco:
total: 2,017.9 km

border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain
(Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km

Mozambique:
total: 4,571 km

border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland
105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Namibia:
total: 3,824 km

border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa
855 km, Zambia 233 km

Nauru:
0 km

Navassa Island:
0 km

Nepal:
total: 2,926 km

border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km

Netherlands: total: 1,027 km

border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Netherlands Antilles: total: 10.2 km

border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km

New Caledonia:
0 km

New Zealand:
0 km

Nicaragua:
total: 1,231 km

border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km

Niger:
total: 5,697 km

border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628
km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Nigeria:
total: 4,047 km

border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km,
Niger 1,497 km

Niue:
0 km

Norfolk Island:
0 km

Northern Mariana Islands:
0 km

Norway:
total: 2,515 km

border countries: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km

Oman: total: 1,374 km

border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km

Pakistan:
total: 6,774 km

border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912
km, Iran 909 km

Palau:
0 km

Palmyra Atoll:
0 km

Panama:
total: 555 km

border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km

Papua New Guinea: total: 820 km

border countries: Indonesia 820 km

Paracel Islands:
0 km

Paraguay:
total: 3,920 km

border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290
km

Peru:
total: 5,536 km

border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km,
Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km

Philippines:
0 km

Pitcairn Islands:
0 km

Poland:
total: 2,888 km

border countries: Belarus 605 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 428 km

Portugal: total: 1,214 km

border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Puerto Rico:
0 km

Qatar:
total: 60 km

border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km

Reunion:
0 km

Romania:
total: 2,508 km

border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km,
Yugoslavia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

Russia:
total: 19,961 km

border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485 km, Norway 167 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576 km

Rwanda:
total: 893 km

border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo
217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km

Saint Helena:
0 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
0 km

Saint Lucia:
0 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
0 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
0 km

Samoa:
0 km

San Marino:
total: 39 km

border countries: Italy 39 km

Sao Tome and Principe:
0 km

Saudi Arabia:
total: 4,415 km

border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 728 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman
676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km

Senegal:
total: 2,640 km

border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau
338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Seychelles:
0 km

Sierra Leone:
total: 958 km

border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km

Singapore:
0 km

Slovakia:
total: 1,355 km

border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 515
km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 90 km

Slovenia:
total: 1,165 km

border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 501 km, Italy 232 km,
Hungary 102 km

Solomon Islands:
0 km

Somalia:
total: 2,366 km

border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km

South Africa:
total: 4,750 km

border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491
km, Namibia 855 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
0 km

Spain:
total: 1,917.8 km

border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km,
Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km

Spratly Islands:
0 km

Sri Lanka:
0 km

Sudan:
total: 7,687 km

border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km

Suriname: total: 1,707 km

border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km

Svalbard:
0 km

Swaziland:
total: 535 km

border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km

Sweden: total: 2,205 km

border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km

Switzerland:
total: 1,852 km

border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km,
Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km

Syria:
total: 2,253 km

border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon
375 km, Turkey 822 km

Tajikistan:
total: 3,651 km

border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan
870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Tanzania:
total: 3,402 km

border countries: Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km,
Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Thailand:
total: 4,863 km

border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km,
Malaysia 506 km

Togo:
total: 1,647 km

border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Tokelau:
0 km

Tonga:
0 km

Trinidad and Tobago:
0 km

Tromelin Island:
0 km

Tunisia:
total: 1,424 km

border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km

Turkey:
total: 2,627 km

border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km,
Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km, Syria 822 km

Turkmenistan:
total: 3,736 km

border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379
km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Turks and Caicos Islands:
0 km

Tuvalu:
0 km

Uganda:
total: 2,698 km

border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya
933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Ukraine:
total: 4,558 km

border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km

United Arab Emirates: total: 867 km

border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

United Kingdom: total: 360 km

border countries: Ireland 360 km

United States:
total: 12,248 km

border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska),
Cuba 29 km (US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay), Mexico 3,326 km

note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains
part of Cuba

Uruguay:
total: 1,564 km

border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km

Uzbekistan:
total: 6,221 km

border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km,
Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Vanuatu:
0 km

Venezuela:
total: 4,993 km

border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

Vietnam: total: 4,639 km

border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km

Virgin Islands:
0 km

Wake Island:
0 km

Wallis and Futuna:
0 km

West Bank:
total: 404 km

border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

Western Sahara: total: 2,046 km

border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km

World:
the land boundaries in the world total 251,480.24 km (not
counting shared boundaries twice)

Yemen:
total: 1,746 km

border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km

Yugoslavia:
total: 2,246 km

border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km,
Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km,
Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km,
Romania 476 km

Zambia:
total: 5,664 km

border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km

Zimbabwe:
total: 3,066 km

border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South
Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

Taiwan:
0 km

@Land use

Afghanistan: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 3%

other: 39% (1993 est.)

Albania: arable land: 21%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 15%

forests and woodland: 38%

other: 21% (1993 est.)

Algeria: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 2%

other: 82% (1993 est.)

American Samoa: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 10%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 70%

other: 15% (1993 est.)

Andorra: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 45%

forests and woodland: 35%

other: 16% (1998 est.)

Angola: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 23%

forests and woodland: 43%

other: 32% (1993 est.)

Anguilla: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds)

Antarctica:
arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%)

Antigua and Barbuda: arable land: 18%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 11%

other: 62% (1993 est.)

Argentina: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 52%

forests and woodland: 19%

other: 19% (1993 est.)

Armenia: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 24%

forests and woodland: 15%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Aruba: arable land: 7% (including aloe 0.01%)

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 93% (1993 est.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (all grass and sand)

Australia: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 54%

forests and woodland: 19%

other: 21% (1993 est.)

Austria: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 23%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 20% (1996 est.)

Azerbaijan: arable land: 18%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 11%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Bahamas, The: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 32%

other: 67% (1993 est.)

Bahrain: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 92% (1993 est.)

Baker Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Bangladesh: arable land: 73%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 15%

other: 5% (1993 est.)

Barbados: arable land: 37%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 12%

other: 46% (1993 est.)

Bassas da India: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (all rock)

Belarus: arable land: 29%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 15%

forests and woodland: 34%

other: 21% (1993 est.)

Belgium: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 21%

other: 34%

Belize: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 2%

forests and woodland: 84%

other: 3% (2000 est.)

Benin: arable land: 13%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 31%

other: 48% (1993 est.)

Bermuda: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.)

Bhutan: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 66%

other: 26% (1993 est.)

Bolivia: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 24%

forests and woodland: 53%

other: 21% (1993 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina: arable land: 14%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 22% (1993 est.)

Botswana: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 47%

other: 6% (1993 est.)

Bouvet Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (93% ice)

Brazil: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 22%

forests and woodland: 58%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

British Virgin Islands: arable land: 20%

permanent crops: 7%

permanent pastures: 33%

forests and woodland: 7%

other: 33% (1993 est.)

Brunei: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 85%

other: 12% (1993 est.)

Bulgaria: arable land: 43%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 14%

forests and woodland: 38%

other: 3% (1999 est.)

Burkina Faso: arable land: 13%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 22%

forests and woodland: 50%

other: 15% (1993 est.)

Burma: arable land: 15%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 49%

other: 34% (1993 est.)

Burundi: arable land: 44%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 36%

forests and woodland: 3%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Cambodia: arable land: 13%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 11%

forests and woodland: 66%

other: 10% (1993 est.)

Cameroon: arable land: 13%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 78%

other: 3% (1993 est.)

Canada: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 54%

other: 38% (1993 est.)

Cape Verde: arable land: 11%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 83% (1993 est.)

Cayman Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 8%

forests and woodland: 23%

other: 69% (1993 est.)

Central African Republic: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 75%

other: 17% (1993 est.)

Chad: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 36%

forests and woodland: 26%

other: 35% (1993 est.)

Chile: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 18%

forests and woodland: 22%

other: 55% (1993 est.)

China: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 43%

forests and woodland: 14%

other: 33% (1993 est.)

Christmas Island: arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

permanent pastures: NA%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

note: mainly tropical rainforest of which 60%-70% is in a national park

Clipperton Island:
arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (all coral)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (1993 est.)

Colombia: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 39%

forests and woodland: 48%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Comoros: arable land: 35%

permanent crops: 10%

permanent pastures: 7%

forests and woodland: 18%

other: 30% (1993 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 7%

forests and woodland: 77%

other: 13% (1993 est.)

Congo, Republic of the: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 29%

forests and woodland: 62%

other: 9% (1993 est.)

Cook Islands: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 78% (1993 est.)

Coral Sea Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover)

Costa Rica: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 31%

other: 12% (1993 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire: arable land: 8%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 41%

forests and woodland: 22%

other: 25% (1993 est.)

Croatia: arable land: 21%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 38%

other: 19% (1993 est.)

Cuba: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 7%

permanent pastures: 27%

forests and woodland: 24%

other: 18% (1993 est.)

Cyprus: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 13%

other: 70% (1993 est.)

Czech Republic: arable land: 41%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 11%

forests and woodland: 34%

other: 12% (1993 est.)

Denmark: arable land: 60%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 10%

other: 25% (1993 est.)

Djibouti: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 91% (1993 est.)

Dominica: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 67%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Dominican Republic: arable land: 21%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 43%

forests and woodland: 12%

other: 15% (1993 est.)

Ecuador: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 18%

forests and woodland: 56%

other: 15% (1993 est.)

Egypt: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 98% (1993 est.)

El Salvador: arable land: 27%

permanent crops: 8%

permanent pastures: 29%

forests and woodland: 5%

other: 31% (1993 est.)

Equatorial Guinea: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 46%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Eritrea: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 49%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 32% (1998 est.)

Estonia: arable land: 25%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 11%

forests and woodland: 44%

other: 20% (1996 est.)

Ethiopia: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 40%

forests and woodland: 25%

other: 22% (1993 est.)

Europa Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 100%

other: 0%

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 99%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 1% (1993 est.)

Faroe Islands: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 94% (1996)

Fiji: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 10%

forests and woodland: 65%

other: 11% (1993 est.)

Finland: arable land: 8%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 76%

other: 16% (1993 est.)

France: arable land: 33%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 27%

other: 18% (1993 est.)

French Guiana: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 90%

other: 10% (1996 est.)

French Polynesia: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 6%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 31%

other: 57% (1993 est.)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Gabon: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 18%

forests and woodland: 77%

other: 3% (1993 est.)

Gambia, The: arable land: 18%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 28%

other: 45% (1993 est.)

Gaza Strip: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 39%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 11%

other: 26% (1993 est.)

Georgia: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 34%

other: 28% (1993 est.)

Germany: arable land: 33%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 15%

forests and woodland: 31%

other: 20% (1993 est.)

Ghana: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 7%

permanent pastures: 22%

forests and woodland: 35%

other: 24% (1993 est.)

Gibraltar: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (1993 est.)

Glorioso Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)

Greece: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 8%

permanent pastures: 41%

forests and woodland: 20%

other: 12% (1993 est.)

Greenland: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 99% (1998 est.)

Grenada: arable land: 15%

permanent crops: 18%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 9%

other: 55% (1993 est.)

Guadeloupe: arable land: 14%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 14%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 29% (1993 est.)

Guam: arable land: 11%

permanent crops: 11%

permanent pastures: 15%

forests and woodland: 18%

other: 45% (1993 est.)

Guatemala: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 24%

forests and woodland: 54%

other: 5% (1993 est.)

Guernsey: arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

permanent pastures: NA%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

Guinea: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 22%

forests and woodland: 59%

other: 17% (1993 est.)

Guinea-Bissau: arable land: 11%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 38%

forests and woodland: 38%

other: 12% (1993 est.)

Guyana: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 84%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Haiti: arable land: 20%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 18%

forests and woodland: 5%

other: 44% (1993 est.)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Holy See (Vatican City): arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (urban area)

Honduras: arable land: 15%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 14%

forests and woodland: 54%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

Hong Kong: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 20%

other: 72% (1997 est.)

Howland Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 5%

other: 95%

Hungary: arable land: 51%

permanent crops: 3.6%

permanent pastures: 12.4%

forests and woodland: 19%

other: 14% (1999)

Iceland: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 23%

forests and woodland: 1%

other: 76% (1993 est.)

India: arable land: 56%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 23%

other: 16% (1993 est.)

Indonesia: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 7%

permanent pastures: 7%

forests and woodland: 62%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

Iran: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 27%

forests and woodland: 7%

other: 55% (1993 est.)

Iraq: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 79% (1993 est.)

Ireland: arable land: 13%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 68%

forests and woodland: 5%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

Israel: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 7%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 66% (1993 est.)

Italy: arable land: 31%

permanent crops: 10%

permanent pastures: 15%

forests and woodland: 23%

other: 21% (1993 est.)

Jamaica: arable land: 14%

permanent crops: 6%

permanent pastures: 24%

forests and woodland: 17%

other: 39% (1993 est.)

Jan Mayen: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Japan: arable land: 11%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 2%

forests and woodland: 67%

other: 19% (1993 est.)

Jarvis Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Jersey: arable land: 66%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 34%

Johnston Atoll: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Jordan: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 1%

other: 85% (1993 est.)

Juan de Nova Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 90%

other: 10%

Kazakhstan: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 11%

permanent pastures: 57%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 16% (1996 est.)

Kenya: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 37%

forests and woodland: 30%

other: 25% (1993 est.)

Kingman Reef: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Kiribati: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 51%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 3%

other: 46% (1993 est.)

Korea, North: arable land: 14%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 61%

other: 23% (1993 est.)

Korea, South: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 65%

other: 13% (1993 est.)

Kuwait: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 8%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 92% (1993 est.)

Kyrgyzstan: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 44%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 45% (1993 est.)

note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest

Laos:
arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 54%

other: 40% (1993 est.)

Latvia: arable land: 27%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 46%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

Lebanon: arable land: 18%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 8%

other: 64% (1996 est.)

Lesotho: arable land: 11%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 66%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 23% (1993 est.)

Liberia: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 59%

forests and woodland: 18%

other: 19% (1993 est.)

Libya: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 8%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 91% (1993 est.)

Liechtenstein: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 16%

forests and woodland: 35%

other: 25% (1993 est.)

Lithuania: arable land: 39%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 31%

other: 15% (2001 est.)

Luxembourg: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 35%

other: 20%

Macau: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 98% (1998 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 10% (1993 est.)

Madagascar: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 41%

forests and woodland: 40%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

Malawi: arable land: 34%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 7% (1993 est.)

Malaysia: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 12%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 68%

other: 17% (1993 est.)

Maldives: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 3%

other: 84% (1993 est.)

Mali: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 67% (1993 est.)

Malta: arable land: 32%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 61% (2000 est.)

Man, Isle of: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 39% (includes 25% mountain and heathland)

Marshall Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 60%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 40%

Martinique: arable land: 8%

permanent crops: 8%

permanent pastures: 17%

forests and woodland: 44%

other: 23% (1993 est.)

Mauritania: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 38%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 58% (1993 est.)

Mauritius: arable land: 49%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 22%

other: 23% (1993 est.)

Mayotte: arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

permanent pastures: NA%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

Mexico: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 39%

forests and woodland: 26%

other: 22% (1993 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of: arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

permanent pastures: NA%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

Midway Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Moldova: arable land: 53%

permanent crops: 14%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 13%

other: 7% (1993 est.)

Monaco: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (urban area)

Mongolia: arable land: 5.7%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 81%

forests and woodland: 11.4%

other: 1.9% (2000 est.)

Montserrat: arable land: 20%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 10%

forests and woodland: 40%

other: 30% (1993 est.)

Morocco: arable land: 21%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 47%

forests and woodland: 20%

other: 11% (1993 est.)

Mozambique: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 56%

forests and woodland: 18%

other: 22% (1993 est.)

Namibia: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 22%

other: 31% (1993 est.)

Nauru: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (1993 est.)

Navassa Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 10%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 90%

Nepal: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 15%

forests and woodland: 42%

other: 26% (1993 est.)

Netherlands: arable land: 25%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 8%

other: 39% (1996 est.)

Netherlands Antilles: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 90% (1993 est.)

New Caledonia: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 12%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 49% (1993 est.)

New Zealand: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 50%

forests and woodland: 28%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Nicaragua: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 27%

other: 17% (1993 est.)

Niger: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 7%

forests and woodland: 2%

other: 88% (1993 est.)

Nigeria: arable land: 33%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 44%

forests and woodland: 12%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Niue: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 8%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 19%

other: 50% (1993 est.)

Norfolk Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 75% (1993 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands: arable land: 21%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 19%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 60%

Norway: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 27%

other: 70% (1993 est.)

Oman: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 95% (1993 est.)

Pakistan: arable land: 27%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 5%

other: 61% (1993 est.)

Palau: arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

permanent pastures: NA%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

Palmyra Atoll: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 100%

other: 0%

Panama: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 44%

other: 27% (1993 est.)

Papua New Guinea: arable land: 0.1%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 92.9%

other: 6% (1993 est.)

Paracel Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Paraguay: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 55%

forests and woodland: 32%

other: 7% (1993 est.)

Peru: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 21%

forests and woodland: 66%

other: 10% (1993 est.)

Philippines: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 12%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 46%

other: 19% (1993 est.)

Pitcairn Islands: arable land: NA%

permanent crops: NA%

permanent pastures: NA%

forests and woodland: NA%

other: NA%

Poland: arable land: 47%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 29%

other: 10% (1993 est.)

Portugal: arable land: 26%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 36%

other: 20% (1993 est.)

Puerto Rico: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 5%

permanent pastures: 26%

forests and woodland: 16%

other: 49% (1993 est.)

Qatar: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 94% (1993 est.)

Reunion: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 35%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Romania: arable land: 41%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 21%

forests and woodland: 29%

other: 6% (1993 est.)

Russia: arable land: 8%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 46%

other: 42% (1993 est.)

Rwanda: arable land: 35%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 18%

forests and woodland: 22%

other: 12% (1993 est.)

Saint Helena: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 82% (1993 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis: arable land: 22%

permanent crops: 17%

permanent pastures: 3%

forests and woodland: 17%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Saint Lucia: arable land: 8%

permanent crops: 21%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 13%

other: 53% (1993 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: arable land: 13%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 83% (1993 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 18%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 36%

other: 31% (1993 est.)

Samoa: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 24%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 47%

other: 10%

San Marino: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 83% (1993 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 36%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 61% (1993 est.)

Saudi Arabia: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 56%

forests and woodland: 1%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Senegal: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 16%

forests and woodland: 54%

other: 18% (1993 est.)

Seychelles: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 11%

other: 74% (1993 est.)

Sierra Leone: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 31%

forests and woodland: 28%

other: 33% (1993 est.)

Singapore: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 6%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 5%

other: 87% (1993 est.)

Slovakia: arable land: 31%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 17%

forests and woodland: 41%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Slovenia: arable land: 12%

permanent crops: 3%

permanent pastures: 24%

forests and woodland: 54%

other: 7% (1996 est.)

Solomon Islands: arable land: 1%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 88%

other: 9% (1993 est.)

Somalia: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 69%

forests and woodland: 26%

other: 3% (1993 est.)

South Africa: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 67%

forests and woodland: 7%

other: 15% (1993 est.)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen)

Spain:
arable land: 30%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 21%

forests and woodland: 32%

other: 8% (1993 est.)

Spratly Islands: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Sri Lanka: arable land: 14%

permanent crops: 15%

permanent pastures: 7%

forests and woodland: 32%

other: 32% (1993 est.)

Sudan: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 19%

other: 30% (1993 est.)

Suriname: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 96%

other: 4% (1993 est.)

note: there are 94,927 hectares of arable land, 7,195 hectares of permanent crops, and 15,000 hectares of permanent pastures

Svalbard:
arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)

Swaziland:
arable land: 11%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 62%

forests and woodland: 7%

other: 20% (1993 est.)

Sweden: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 68%

other: 24% (1993 est.)

Switzerland: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 28%

forests and woodland: 32%

other: 28% (1993 est.)

Syria: arable land: 28%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 43%

forests and woodland: 3%

other: 22% (1993 est.)

Tajikistan: arable land: 6%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 65% (1993 est.)

Tanzania: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 40%

forests and woodland: 38%

other: 18% (1993 est.)

Thailand: arable land: 34%

permanent crops: 6%

permanent pastures: 2%

forests and woodland: 26%

other: 32% (1993 est.)

Togo: arable land: 38%

permanent crops: 7%

permanent pastures: 4%

forests and woodland: 17%

other: 34% (1993 est.)

Tokelau: arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (1993 est.)

Tonga: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 43%

permanent pastures: 6%

forests and woodland: 11%

other: 16% (1993 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago: arable land: 15%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 2%

forests and woodland: 46%

other: 28% (1993 est.)

Tromelin Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (scattered bushes)

Tunisia: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 44% (1993 est.)

Turkey: arable land: 32%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 16%

forests and woodland: 26%

other: 22% (1993 est.)

Turkmenistan: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 63%

forests and woodland: 8%

other: 26% (1993 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 98% (1993 est.)

Tuvalu: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100% (1993 est.)

Uganda: arable land: 25%

permanent crops: 9%

permanent pastures: 9%

forests and woodland: 28%

other: 29% (1993 est.)

Ukraine: arable land: 58%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 18%

other: 9% (1993 est.)

United Arab Emirates: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 2%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 98% (1993 est.)

United Kingdom: arable land: 25%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 10%

other: 19% (1993 est.)

United States: arable land: 19%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 25%

forests and woodland: 30%

other: 26% (1993 est.)

Uruguay: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 77%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 10% (1997 est.)

Uzbekistan: arable land: 9%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 46%

forests and woodland: 3%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Vanuatu: arable land: 2%

permanent crops: 10%

permanent pastures: 2%

forests and woodland: 75%

other: 11% (1993 est.)

Venezuela: arable land: 4%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 20%

forests and woodland: 34%

other: 41% (1993 est.)

Vietnam: arable land: 17%

permanent crops: 4%

permanent pastures: 1%

forests and woodland: 30%

other: 48% (1993 est.)

Virgin Islands: arable land: 15%

permanent crops: 6%

permanent pastures: 26%

forests and woodland: 6%

other: 47% (1993 est.)

Wake Island: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 100%

Wallis and Futuna: arable land: 5%

permanent crops: 20%

permanent pastures: 0%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 75% (1993 est.)

West Bank: arable land: 27%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 32%

forests and woodland: 1%

other: 40%

Western Sahara: arable land: 0%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 19%

forests and woodland: 0%

other: 81%

World: arable land: 10%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 26%

forests and woodland: 32%

other: 31% (1993 est.)

Yemen: arable land: 3%

permanent crops: 13%

permanent pastures: 33.5%

forests and woodland: 4%

other: 46.5% (1999)

Yugoslavia: arable land: 40%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 20.7%

forests and woodland: 17.3%

other: 22% (1998 est.)

Zambia: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 40%

forests and woodland: 39%

other: 14% (1993 est.)

Zimbabwe: arable land: 7%

permanent crops: 0%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 23%

other: 57% (1993 est.)

Taiwan: arable land: 24%

permanent crops: 1%

permanent pastures: 5%

forests and woodland: 55%

other: 15%

@Languages

Afghanistan:
Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages
(primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily
Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

Albania:
Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Algeria:
Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

American Samoa:
Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other
Polynesian languages), English

note: most people are bilingual

Andorra:
Catalan (official), French, Castilian

Angola:
Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Anguilla:
English (official)

Antigua and Barbuda:
English (official), local dialects

Argentina:
Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Armenia:
Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Aruba:
Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch,
English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish

Australia:
English, native languages

Austria:
German

Azerbaijan:
Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other
6% (1995 est.)

Bahamas, The:
English, Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Bahrain:
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Bangladesh:
Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

Barbados:
English

Belarus:
Byelorussian, Russian, other

Belgium:
Dutch 58%, French 32%, German 10%, legally bilingual (Dutch
and French)

Belize:
English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole

Benin:
French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in
south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

Bermuda:
English (official), Portuguese

Bhutan:
Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects,
Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

Bolivia:
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian

Botswana:
English (official), Setswana

Brazil:
Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

British Virgin Islands:
English (official)

Brunei:
Malay (official), English, Chinese

Bulgaria:
Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to
ethnic breakdown

Burkina Faso:
French (official), native African languages belonging
to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Burma:
Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Burundi:
Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake
Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Cambodia:
Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

Cameroon:
24 major African language groups, English (official),
French (official)

Canada:
English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other
17.5%

Cape Verde:
Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West
African words)

Cayman Islands:
English

Central African Republic:
French (official), Sangho (lingua franca
and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili

Chad:
French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in
south), more than 100 different languages and dialects

Chile:
Spanish

China:
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing
dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan
(Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages
(see Ethnic groups entry)

Christmas Island:
English, Chinese, Malay

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
English, Malay

Colombia:
Spanish

Comoros:
Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of
Swahili and Arabic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
French (official), Lingala (a
lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or
Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

Congo, Republic of the:
French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba
(lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects
(of which Kikongo has the most users)

Cook Islands:
English (official), Maori

Costa Rica:
Spanish (official), English spoken around Puerto Limon

Cote d'Ivoire:
French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the
most widely spoken

Croatia:
Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian,
Czech, Slovak, and German)

Cuba:
Spanish

Cyprus:
Greek, Turkish, English

Czech Republic:
Czech

Denmark:
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German
(small minority)

note: English is the predominant second language

Djibouti:
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar

Dominica:
English (official), French patois

Dominican Republic:
Spanish

Ecuador:
Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially
Quechua)

Egypt:
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by
educated classes

El Salvador:
Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

Equatorial Guinea:
Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin
English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo

Eritrea:
Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other
Cushitic languages

Estonia:
Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, English, Finnish,
other

Ethiopia:
Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic,
other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in
schools)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
English

Faroe Islands:
Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish

Fiji:
English (official), Fijian, Hindustani

Finland:
Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small
Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities

France:
French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and
languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque,
Flemish)

French Guiana:
French

French Polynesia:
French (official), Tahitian (official)

Gabon:
French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi

Gambia, The:
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other
indigenous vernaculars

Gaza Strip:
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Georgia:
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%,
other 7%

note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia

Germany:
German

Ghana:
English (official), African languages (including Akan,
Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)

Gibraltar:
English (used in schools and for official purposes),
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian

Greece:
Greek 99% (official), English, French

Greenland:
Greenlandic (East Inuit), Danish, English

Grenada:
English (official), French patois

Guadeloupe:
French (official) 99%, Creole patois

Guam:
English, Chamorro, Japanese

Guatemala:
Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (more than 20
Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam,
Garifuna, and Xinca)

Guernsey:
English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country
districts

Guinea:
French (official), each ethnic group has its own language

Guinea-Bissau:
Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages

Guyana:
English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu

Haiti:
French (official), Creole (official)

Holy See (Vatican City):
Italian, Latin, French, various other
languages

Honduras:
Spanish, Amerindian dialects

Hong Kong:
Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official

Hungary:
Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%

Iceland:
Icelandic

India:
English enjoys associate status but is the most important
language for national, political, and commercial communication,
Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people,
Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil
(official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam
(official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi
(official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi
(official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani (a popular variant of
Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India)

note: 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons;
numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually
unintelligible

Indonesia:
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay),
English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is
Javanese

Iran:
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects
26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

Iraq:
Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian,
Armenian

Ireland:
English is the language generally used, Irish (Gaelic)
spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard

Israel:
Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority,
English most commonly used foreign language

Italy:
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige
region are predominantly German speaking), French (small
French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene
(Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

Jamaica:
English, Creole

Japan:
Japanese

Jersey:
English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect
spoken in country districts

Jordan:
Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and
middle classes

Kazakhstan:
Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 40%, Russian (official,
used in everyday business) 66%

Kenya:
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous
languages

Kiribati:
English (official), I-Kiribati

Korea, North:
Korean

Korea, South:
Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high
school

Kuwait:
Arabic (official), English widely spoken

Kyrgyzstan:
Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian - official
language

note: in May 2000, the Kyrgyzstani legislature made Russian an
official language, equal in status to Kirghiz

Laos:
Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages

Latvia:
Latvian or Lettish (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other

Lebanon:
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian

Lesotho:
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa

Liberia:
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages, of
which a few can be written and are used in correspondence

Libya:
Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the
major cities

Liechtenstein:
German (official), Alemannic dialect

Lithuania:
Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian

Luxembourg:
Luxembourgish (national language), German
(administrative language), French (administrative language)

Macau:
Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
Macedonian 70%, Albanian
21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%

Madagascar:
French (official), Malagasy (official)

Malawi:
English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages
important regionally

Malaysia:
Bahasa Melayu (official), English, Chinese dialects
(Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil,
Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; note - in addition, in East
Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the largest of
which are Iban and Kadazan

Maldives:
Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from
Arabic), English spoken by most government officials

Mali:
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

Malta:
Maltese (official), English (official)

Man, Isle of:
English, Manx Gaelic

Marshall Islands:
English (universally spoken and is the official
language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian
family, Japanese

Martinique:
French, Creole patois

Mauritania:
Hasaniya Arabic (official), Pular, Soninke, Wolof
(official), French

Mauritius:
English (official), Creole, French, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka,
Bojpoori

Mayotte:
Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language)
spoken by 35% of the population

Mexico:
Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional
indigenous languages

Micronesia, Federated States of:
English (official and common
language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean

Moldova:
Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian
language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)

Monaco:
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque

Mongolia:
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

Montserrat:
English

Morocco:
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the
language of business, government, and diplomacy

Mozambique:
Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects

Namibia:
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of
the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%,
indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama

Nauru:
Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language),
English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and
commercial purposes

Nepal:
Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a
dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in
government and business also speak English (1995)

Netherlands:
Dutch

Netherlands Antilles:
Dutch (official), Papiamento (a
Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect) predominates, English
widely spoken, Spanish

New Caledonia:
French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

New Zealand:
English (official), Maori

Nicaragua:
Spanish (official)

note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast

Niger:
French (official), Hausa, Djerma

Nigeria:
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani

Niue:
Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English

Norfolk Island:
English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th
century English and ancient Tahitian

Northern Mariana Islands:
English, Chamorro, Carolinian

note: 86% of population speaks a language other than English at home

Norway:
Norwegian (official)

note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Oman:
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects

Pakistan:
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,
Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%

Palau:
English and Palauan official in all states except Sonsoral
(Sonsorolese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are
official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official)

Panama:
Spanish (official), English 14%

note: many Panamanians bilingual

Papua New Guinea: English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region

note: 715 indigenous languages

Paraguay:
Spanish (official), Guarani (official)

Peru:
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara

Philippines:
two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog)
and English, eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocan,
Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense

Pitcairn Islands:
English (official), Pitcairnese (mixture of an
18th century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)

Poland:
Polish

Portugal:
Portuguese

Puerto Rico:
Spanish, English

Qatar:
Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language

Reunion:
French (official), Creole widely used

Romania:
Romanian, Hungarian, German

Russia:
Russian, other

Rwanda:
Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French
(official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in
commercial centers

Saint Helena:
English

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
English

Saint Lucia:
English (official), French patois

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
French

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
English, French patois

Samoa:
Samoan (Polynesian), English

San Marino:
Italian

Sao Tome and Principe:
Portuguese (official)

Saudi Arabia:
Arabic

Senegal:
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka

Seychelles:
English (official), French (official), Creole

Sierra Leone:
English (official, regular use limited to literate
minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne
(principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole,
spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10%
of the population but understood by 95%)

Singapore:
Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil
(official), English (official)

Slovakia:
Slovak (official), Hungarian

Slovenia:
Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 6%, other 3%

Solomon Islands:
Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua
franca, English spoken by 1%-2% of population

note: 120 indigenous languages

Somalia:
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English

South Africa:
11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English,
Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu

Spain:
Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%,
Basque 2%

Sri Lanka:
Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil
(national language) 18%, other 8%

note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken
competently by about 10% of the population

Sudan:
Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of
Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English

note: program of "Arabization" in process

Suriname:
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo
(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of
Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca
among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese

Svalbard:
Russian, Norwegian

Swaziland:
English (official, government business conducted in
English), siSwati (official)

Sweden:
Swedish

note: small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities

Switzerland:
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 19.2%,
Italian (official) 7.6%, Romansch 0.6%, other 8.9%

Syria:
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian
widely understood; French, English somewhat understood

Tajikistan:
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and
business

Tanzania:
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for
Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of
commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely
spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages

note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages

Thailand:
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic
and regional dialects

Togo:
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina
(the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes
spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the
north)

Tokelau:
Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English

Tonga:
Tongan, English

Trinidad and Tobago:
English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish,
Chinese

Tunisia:
Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),
French (commerce)

Turkey:
Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek

Turkmenistan:
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

Turks and Caicos Islands:
English (official)

Tuvalu:
Tuvaluan, English

Uganda:
English (official national language, taught in grade
schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital
and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Ukraine:
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian

United Arab Emirates:
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi,
Urdu

United Kingdom:
English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of
Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)

United States:
English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)

Uruguay:
Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on
the Brazilian frontier)

Uzbekistan:
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Vanuatu:
English (official), French (official), pidgin (known as
Bislama or Bichelama)

Venezuela:
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

Vietnam:
Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a
second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area
languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)

Virgin Islands:
English (official), Spanish, Creole

Wallis and Futuna:
French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)

West Bank:
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)

Western Sahara:
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic

Yemen:
Arabic

Yugoslavia:
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%

Zambia:
English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi,
Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages

Zimbabwe:
English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the
Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal
dialects

Taiwan:
Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects

@Legal system

Afghanistan:
a new legal system has not been adopted but all
factions tacitly agree they will follow Shari'a (Islamic law)

Albania:
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Algeria:
socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review
of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of
various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

American Samoa:
NA

Andorra:
based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review
of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Angola:
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law;
recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased
use of free markets

Anguilla:
based on English common law

Antarctica:
Antarctica is administered through meetings of the
consultative member nations. Decisions from these meetings are
carried out by these member nations (within their areas) in
accordance with their own national laws. US law, including certain
criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may
apply extra-territorially. Some US laws directly apply to
Antarctica. For example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C.
section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the
following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute:
the taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of
nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected
areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation
into the US of certain items from Antarctica. Violation of the
Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in
fines and one year in prison. The National Science Foundation and
Department of Justice share enforcement responsibilities. Public Law
95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, as amended in
1996, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in
advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 5801,
Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans
to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty. For more
information, contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs,
National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230; telephone:
(703) 292-8030, or see their website at www.nsf.gov.

Antigua and Barbuda:
based on English common law

Argentina:
mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Armenia:
based on civil law system

Aruba:
based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law
influence

Ashmore and Cartier Islands:
the laws of the Northern Territory of
Australia, where applicable, apply

Australia:
based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Austria:
civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of
legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate
administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Azerbaijan:
based on civil law system

Bahamas, The:
based on English common law

Bahrain:
based on Islamic law and English common law

Baker Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Bangladesh:
based on English common law

Barbados:
English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts

Bassas da India:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Belarus:
based on civil law system

Belgium:
civil law system influenced by English constitutional
theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Belize:
English law

Benin:
based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bermuda:
English law

Bhutan:
based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bolivia:
based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
based on civil law system

Botswana:
based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial
review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Bouvet Island:
the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Brazil:
based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

British Indian Ocean Territory:
the laws of the UK, where
applicable, apply

British Virgin Islands:
English law

Brunei:
based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a
law supersedes civil law in a number of areas

Bulgaria:
civil law and criminal law based on Roman law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Burkina Faso:
based on French civil law system and customary law

Burma:
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Burundi:
based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cambodia:
primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes
from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences
of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing
influence of common law in recent years

Cameroon:
based on French civil law system, with common law
influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Canada:
based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil
law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Cape Verde:
derived from the legal system of Portugal

Cayman Islands:
British common law and local statutes

Central African Republic:
based on French law

Chad:
based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Chile:
based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent
codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

China:
a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal
law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new
legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are
being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and
commercial law

Christmas Island:
under the authority of the governor general of
Australia and Australian law

Clipperton Island:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
based upon the laws of Australia and local
laws

Colombia:
based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US
procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Comoros:
French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code

Congo, Democratic Republic of the:
based on Belgian civil law system
and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Congo, Republic of the:
based on French civil law system and
customary law

Cook Islands:
based on New Zealand law and English common law

Coral Sea Islands:
the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

Costa Rica:
based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Cote d'Ivoire:
based on French civil law system and customary law;
judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Croatia:
based on civil law system

Cuba:
based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of
Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Cyprus:
based on common law, with civil law modifications

Czech Republic:
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to
bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal
theory

Denmark:
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Djibouti:
based on French civil law system, traditional practices,
and Islamic law

Dominica:
based on English common law

Dominican Republic:
based on French civil codes

Ecuador:
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Egypt:
based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic
codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State
(oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

El Salvador:
based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common
law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Equatorial Guinea:
partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal
custom

Eritrea:
operates on the basis of transitional laws that incorporate
pre-independence statutes of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front,
revised Ethiopian laws, customary laws, and post independence
enacted laws

Estonia:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of
legislative acts

Ethiopia:
currently transitional mix of national and regional courts

Europa Island:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):
English common law

Faroe Islands:
Danish

Fiji:
based on British system

Finland:
civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may
request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

France:
civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of
administrative but not legislative acts

French Guiana:
French legal system

French Polynesia:
based on French system

French Southern and Antarctic Lands:
the laws of France, where
applicable, apply

Gabon:
based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme
Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Gambia, The:
based on a composite of English common law, Koranic
law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Georgia:
based on civil law system

Germany:
civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review
of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Ghana:
based on English common law and customary law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Gibraltar:
English law

Glorioso Islands:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Greece:
based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil,
criminal, and administrative courts

Greenland:
Danish

Grenada:
based on English common law

Guadeloupe:
French legal system

Guam:
modeled on US; US federal laws apply

Guatemala:
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Guernsey:
English law and local statute; justice is administered by
the Royal Court

Guinea:
based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree;
legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Guinea-Bissau:
NA

Guyana:
based on English common law with certain admixtures of
Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Haiti:
based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Heard Island and McDonald Islands:
the laws of Australia, where
applicable, apply

Holy See (Vatican City):
NA

Honduras:
rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing
influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include
abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial
system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Hong Kong:
based on English common law

Howland Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Hungary:
rule of law based on Western model

Iceland:
civil law system based on Danish law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

India:
based on English common law; limited judicial review of
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Indonesia:
based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Iran:
the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government

Iraq:
based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law
system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Ireland:
based on English common law, substantially modified by
indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme
Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Israel:
mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations,
and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal
systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that
it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Italy:
based on civil law system; appeals treated as new trials;
judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Jamaica:
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Jan Mayen:
the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply

Japan:
modeled after European civil law system with English-American
influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Jarvis Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Jersey:
English law and local statute

Johnston Atoll:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Jordan:
based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of
legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Juan de Nova Island:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Kazakhstan:
based on civil law system

Kenya:
based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law;
judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,
with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a
de jure one-party state repealed in 1991

Kingman Reef:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Kiribati:
NA

Korea, North:
based on German civil law system with Japanese
influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Korea, South:
combines elements of continental European civil law
systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought

Kuwait:
civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal
matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Kyrgyzstan:
based on civil law system

Laos:
based on traditional customs, French legal norms and
procedures, and Socialist practice

Latvia:
based on civil law system

Lebanon:
mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and
civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Lesotho:
based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial
review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Liberia:
dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common
law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten
tribal practices for indigenous sector

Libya:
based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate
religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of
legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Liechtenstein:
local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Lithuania:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of
legislative acts

Luxembourg:
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Macau:
based on Portuguese civil law system

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
based on civil law
system; judicial review of legislative acts

Madagascar:
based on French civil law system and traditional
Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Malawi:
based on English common law and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Malaysia:
based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of
the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Maldives:
based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law
primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Mali:
based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was
formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Malta:
based on English common law and Roman civil law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Man, Isle of:
English common law and Manx statute

Marshall Islands:
based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the
legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws

Martinique:
French legal system

Mauritania:
a combination of Shari'a (Islamic law) and French civil
law

Mauritius:
based on French civil law system with elements of English
common law in certain areas

Mayotte:
French law

Mexico:
mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system;
judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Micronesia, Federated States of: based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws

Midway Islands:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Moldova:
based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews
legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of
resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents

Monaco:
based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Mongolia:
blend of Russian, Chinese, Turkish, and Western systems of
law that combines aspects of a parliamentary system with some
aspects of a presidential system; constitution ambiguous on judicial
review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Montserrat:
English common law and statutory law

Morocco:
based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law
system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional
Chamber of Supreme Court

Mozambique:
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law

Namibia:
based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution

Nauru:
acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law

Navassa Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Nepal:
based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Netherlands:
civil law system incorporating French penal theory;
constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States
General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Netherlands Antilles:
based on Dutch civil law system, with some
English common law influence

New Caledonia:
the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy
to the islands; formerly under French law

New Zealand:
based on English law, with special land legislation and
land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Nicaragua:
civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative
acts

Niger:
based on French civil law system and customary law; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Nigeria:
based on English common law, Islamic Shariah law (only in
some northern states), and traditional law

Niue:
English common law

Norfolk Island:
based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and
acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either
Australian or Norfolk Island law

Northern Mariana Islands:
based on US system, except for customs,
wages, immigration laws, and taxation

Norway:
mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law
traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature
when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Oman:
based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal
to the monarch; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Pakistan:
based on English common law with provisions to accommodate
Pakistan's status as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Palau:
based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature,
municipal, common, and customary laws

Palmyra Atoll:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Panama:
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative
acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Papua New Guinea:
based on English common law

Paraguay:
based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes;
judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice

Peru:
based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Philippines:
based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Pitcairn Islands:
local island by-laws

Poland:
mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover
communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part
of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of
legislative acts although under the new constitution, the
Constitutional Tribunal ruling will become final as of October 1999;
court decisions can be appealed to the European Court of Justice in
Strasbourg

Portugal:
civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the
constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Puerto Rico:
based on Spanish civil code

Qatar:
discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although
civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in
personal matters

Reunion:
French law

Romania:
former mixture of civil law system and communist legal
theory; is now based on the constitution of France's Fifth Republic

Russia:
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative
acts

Rwanda:
based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary
law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Saint Helena:
NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis:
based on English common law

Saint Lucia:
based on English common law

Saint Pierre and Miquelon:
French law with special adaptations for
local conditions, such as housing and taxation

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:
based on English common law

Samoa:
based on English common law and local customs; judicial
review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the
citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

San Marino:
based on civil law system with Italian law influences;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Sao Tome and Principe:
based on Portuguese legal system and
customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Saudi Arabia:
based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been
introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Senegal:
based on French civil law system; judicial review of
legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State
audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Seychelles:
based on English common law, French civil law, and
customary law

Sierra Leone:
based on English law and customary laws indigenous to
local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Singapore:
based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Slovakia:
civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply
with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory

Slovenia:
based on civil law system

Solomon Islands:
English common law

Somalia:
NA

South Africa:
based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands:
the laws of the UK,
where applicable, apply

Spain:
civil law system, with regional applications; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Sri Lanka:
a highly complex mixture of English common law,
Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Sudan:
based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January
1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic
law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of
the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate
religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Suriname:
based on Dutch legal system incorporating French penal
theory

Svalbard:
NA

Swaziland:
based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory
courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Sweden:
civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Switzerland:
civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees
of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

Syria:
based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious
courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Tajikistan:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of
legislative acts

Tanzania:
based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Thailand:
based on civil law system, with influences of common law;
has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Togo:
French-based court system

Tokelau:
British and local statutes

Tonga:
based on English law

Trinidad and Tobago:
based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction

Tromelin Island:
the laws of France, where applicable, apply

Tunisia:
based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint
session

Turkey:
derived from various European continental legal systems;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Turkmenistan:
based on civil law system

Turks and Caicos Islands:
based on laws of England and Wales, with a
small number adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas

Tuvalu:
NA

Uganda:
in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one
based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Ukraine:
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative
acts

United Arab Emirates:
federal court system introduced in 1971; all
emirates except Dubayy (Dubai) and Ra's al Khaymah have joined the
federal system; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil,
criminal, and high courts

United Kingdom:
common law tradition with early Roman and modern
continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament;
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; British
courts and legislation are increasingly subject to review by
European Union courts

United States:
based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations

Uruguay:
based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Uzbekistan:
evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent
judicial system

Vanuatu:
unified system being created from former dual French and
British systems

Venezuela:
based on organic laws as of July 1999; open, adversarial
court system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Vietnam:
based on communist legal theory and French civil law system

Virgin Islands:
based on US laws

Wake Island:
the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Wallis and Futuna:
French legal system

World:
all members of the UN plus Switzerland are parties to the
statute that established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or
World Court

Yemen:
based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and
local tribal customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction

Yugoslavia:
based on civil law system

Zambia:
based on English common law and customary law; judicial
review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Zimbabwe:
mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law

Taiwan:
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations

@Legislative branch

Afghanistan:
non-functioning as of June 1993

Albania:
unicameral People's Assembly or Kuvendi Popullor (155
seats; most members are elected by direct popular vote and some by
proportional vote for four-year terms)

elections: last held 29 June 1997 (next held 24 June 2001, 2nd round 8 July 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - PS 53.36%, PD 25.33%, PSD 2.5%, PBDNJ 2.78%, PBK 2.36%, PAD 2.85%, PR 2.25%, PLL 3.09%, PDK 1.00%, PBSD 0.84%; seats by party - PS 101, PD 27, PSD 8, PBDNJ 4, PBK 3, PAD 2, PR 2, PLL 2, PDK 1, PBSD 1, PUK 1, independents 3

Algeria:
bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's
Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (380 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Council of
Nations (144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the
president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote; members serve
six-year terms; the constitution requires half the council to be
renewed every three years)

elections: National People's Assembly - last held 5 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); Council of Nations - last held 30 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: National People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - RND 40.8%, MSP 18.2%, FLN 16.8%, Nahda Movement 8.9%, FFS 5%, RCD 5%, PT 1.1%, Progressive Republican Party 0.8%, Union for Democracy and Liberty 0.3%, Social Liberal Party 0.3%, independents 2.8%; seats by party - RND 155, MSP 69, FLN 64, Nahda Movement 34, FFS 19, RCD 19, PT 4, Progressive Republican Party 3, Union for Democracy and Liberty 1, Social Liberal Party 1, independents 11; Council of Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 79, FLN 12, FFS 4, MSP 1 (remaining 48 seats appointed by the president, party breakdown NA)

American Samoa:
bicameral Fono or Legislative Assembly consists of
the House of Representatives (21 seats - 20 of which are elected by
popular vote and 1 is an appointed, nonvoting delegate from Swains
Island; members serve two-year terms) and the Senate (18 seats;
members are elected from local chiefs and serve four-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000
(next to be held NA November 2002); Senate - last held 7 November
2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - only independents elected

note: American Samoa elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); results - Eni F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA (Democrat) reelected as delegate for a sixth term

Andorra:
unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell
General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct
popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to
represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 16 February 1997 (next to be held NA February 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - UL 57%, AND 21%, IDN
7%, ND 7%, other 8%; seats by party - UL 16, AND 6, ND 2, IDN 2, UPO
2

Angola:
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220
seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 29-30 September 1992 (next to be held NA)

election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 54%, UNITA 34%, others 12%; seats by party - MPLA 129, UNITA 70, PRS 6, FNLA 5, PLD 3, others 7

Anguilla:
unicameral House of Assembly (11 seats total, 7 elected by
direct popular vote, 2 ex officio members and 2 appointed; members
serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 3 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
UF 4, AUM 2, independent 1

Antigua and Barbuda:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate
(17-member body appointed by the governor general) and the House of
Representatives (17 seats; members are elected by proportional
representation to serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 9 March 1999 (next
to be held NA March 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
ALP 12, UPP 4, independent 1

Argentina:
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists
of the Senate (72 seats; formerly, three members appointed by each
of the provincial legislatures; presently transitioning to one-third
of the members being elected every two years to six-year terms) and
the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats; one-half of the members elected
every two years to four-year terms)

elections: Senate - transition phase will begin in the 2001 elections when all seats will be fully contested; winners will randomly draw to determine whether they will serve a two-year, four-year, or full six-year term, beginning a rotating cycle renovating one-third of the body every two years; Chamber of Deputies - last held 24 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2001)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - Peronist 40, UCR 20, Frepaso 1, other 11; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by bloc or party - NA%; seats by bloc or party - Alliance 124 (UCR 85, Frepaso 36, others 3), Peronist 101, AR 12, other 20

Armenia:
unicameral National Assembly (Parliament) or Azgayin
Zhoghov (131 seats; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 30 May 1999 (next to be held in the spring of 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - unity bloc 61 (Republican Party 41, People's Party of Armenia 20), Stability Group (independent Armenian deputies who have formed a bloc) 21, ACP 10, ARF (Dashnak) 8, Law and Unity Party 7, NDU 6, Law-Governed Party 6, independents 10, unfilled 2; note - seats by party change frequently

Aruba:
unicameral Legislature or Staten (21 seats; members elected
by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 12 December 1997 (next to be held by NA
December 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - AVP 43%, MEP 39%, OLA
9% PPA 4%, ADN 2%, PARA 1%, MAS 0.5%; seats by party - AVP 10, MEP
9, OLA 2

Australia:
bicameral Federal Parliament consists of the Senate (76
seats - 12 from each of the six states and two from each of the two
territories; one-half of the members elected every three years by
popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of
Representatives (148 seats; members elected by popular vote on the
basis of proportional representation to serve three-year terms; no
state can have fewer than five representatives)

elections: Senate - last held 3 October 1998 (next to be held by October 2001); House of Representatives - last held 3 October 1998 (next to be held by October 2001)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 35, Australian Labor Party 29, Australian Democratic Party 9, Green Party 1, One Nation Party 1, independent 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party-National Party coalition 80, Australian Labor Party 67, independent 1

Austria:
bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of
Federal Council or Bundesrat (64 members; members represent each of
the states on the basis of population, but with each state having at
least three representatives; members serve a four- or six-year term)
and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members elected
by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: National Council - last held 3 October 1999 (next to be held in the fall of 2003)

election results: National Council - percent of vote by party -
SPOe 33.2%, OeVP 26.9%, FPOe 26.9%, Greens 7.4%; seats by party -
SPOe 65, OeVP 52, FPOe 52, Greens 14

Azerbaijan:
unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 4 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NAP and allies 108, APF 6, CSP 3, PNIA 2, Musavat Party 2, CPA 2,
APF "traditionalist" 1, Compatriot Party 1

Bahamas, The:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (16-member
body appointed by the governor general upon the advice of the prime
minister and the opposition leader for five-year terms) and the
House of Assembly (40 seats; members elected by direct popular vote
to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 14 March 1997 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
FNM 35, PLP 5

Bahrain:
unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975
and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed
Advisory Council established 16 December 1992; the National Action
Charter created a bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000;
approved by referendum of 14 February 2001

Bangladesh:
unicameral National Parliament or Jatiya Sangsad (330
seats; 300 elected by popular vote from single territorial
constituencies, 30 seats reserved for women; members serve five-year
terms)

elections: last held 12 June 1996 (next to be held before 13
October 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - AL 33.87%, BNP 30.87%; seats by party - AL 178, BNP 113, JP 33, JI 3, other 3; note - the elections of 12 June 1996 brought to power an Awami League government for the first time in twenty-one years; held under a neutral, caretaker administration, the elections were characterized by a peaceful, orderly process and massive voter turnout, ending a bitter two-year impasse between the former BNP and opposition parties that had paralyzed National Parliament and led to widespread street violence

Barbados:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (21-member
body appointed by the governor general) and the House of Assembly
(28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve
five-year terms)

elections: House of Assembly - last held 20 January 1999 (next to
be held by January 2004)

election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - BLP 26, DLP 2

Belarus:
bicameral Parliament or Natsionalnoye Sobranie consists of
the Council of the Republic or Soviet Respubliki (64 seats) and the
Chamber of Representatives or Palata Pretsaviteley (110 seats)

elections: last held October 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results: party affiliation data unavailable; under present political conditions party designations are meaningless

Belgium:
bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in
Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members are directly elected by
popular vote, 31 are indirectly elected; members serve four-year
terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van
Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in
French (150 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on
the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 June 1999 (next to be held in NA 2003)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - VLD 15.4%, CVP 14.7%, PRL 10.6%, PS 9.7%, VB 9.4%, SP 8.9%, ECOLO 7.4%, AGALEV 7.1%, PSC 6.0%, VU 5.1%; seats by party - VLD 11, CVP 10, PS 10, PRL 9, VB 6, SP 6, ECOLO 6, AGALEV 5, PSC 5, VU 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - VLD 14.3%, CVP 14.1%, PS 10.2%, PRL 10.1%, VB 9.9%, SP 9.5%, ECOLO 7.4%, AGALEV 7.0%, PSC 5.9%, VU 5.6%; seats by party - VLD 23, CVP 22, PS 19, PRL 18, VB 15, SP 14, ECOLO 11, PSC 10, AGALEV 9, VU 8, FN 1

note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments each with its own legislative assembly; for other acronyms of the listed parties see Political parties and leaders

Belize:
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (eight
members, five appointed on the advice of the prime minister, two on
the advice of the leader of the opposition, and one by the governor
general; members are appointed for five-year terms); and the House
of Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular
vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 27 August 1998
(next to be held by NA August 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - PUP 59.2%, UDP 40.8%;
seats by party - PUP 26, UDP 3

Benin:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (83
seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year
terms)

elections: last held 30 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
RB 27, PRD 11, FARD-ALAFIA 10, PSD 9, MADEP 6, E'toile 4, Alliance
IPD 4, Car-DUNYA 3, MERCI 2, other 7

Bermuda:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member
body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November
2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP
1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14

Bhutan:
unicameral National Assembly or Tshogdu (150 seats; 105
elected from village constituencies, 10 represent religious bodies,
and 35 are designated by the monarch to represent government and
other secular interests; members serve three-year terms)

elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)

election results: NA

Bolivia:
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists
of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are
directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and
Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are
directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note -
some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)

elections: Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held
1 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)

election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2;
Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party
- ADN 32, MNR 26, MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4

Bosnia and Herzegovina:
bicameral Parliamentary Assembly or
Skupstina consists of the National House of Representatives or
Predstavnicki Dom (42 seats - 14 Serb, 14 Croat, and 14 Bosniak;
members elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms) and the
House of Peoples or Dom Naroda (15 seats - 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5
Serb; members elected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of
Representatives and the Republika Srpska's National Assembly to
serve two-year terms); note - as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and
Herzegovina does not have a permanent election law; a draft law
specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order
administrative division entity legislatures; officials elected in
2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a
permanent law would be in place before 2002

elections: National House of Representatives - elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2002); House of Peoples - last constituted after the 11 November 2000 elections (next to be constituted in the fall of 2002)

election results: National House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDP 9, SDA 8, SDS 6, HDZ-BiH 5, SBH 5, PDP 2, NHI 1, BPS 1, DPS 1, SNS 1, SNSD-DSP 1, DNZ 1, SPRS 1; House of Peoples - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA%; seats by party/coalition - NA

note: the Bosniak/Croat Federation has a bicameral legislature that consists of a House of Representatives (140 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDA 38, SDP 37, HDZ-BiH 25, SBH 21, DNZ 3, NHI 2, BPS 2, DPS 2, BOSS 2, GDS 1, RP 1, HSS 1, LDS 1, Pensioners' Party of FBiH 1, SNSD-DSP 1, HKDU 1, HSP 1; and a House of Peoples (74 seats - 30 Bosniak, 30 Croat, and 14 others); last constituted November 2000; the Republika Srpska has a National Assembly (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); elections last held 11 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party/coalition - SDS 31, PDP 11, SNSD 11, SDA 6, DSP 4, SDP 4, SPRS 4, SBH 4, DNS 3, SNS 2, NHI 1, DSRS 1, Pensioners' Party 1; as of 1 January 2001, Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have a permanent election law; a draft law specifies four-year terms for the state and first-order administrative division entity legislatures; officials elected in 2000 were elected to two-year terms on the presumption that a permanent law would be in place before 2002

Botswana:
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a
largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the
eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members
selected by the other 12) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40
members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 appointed by the
majority party; members serve five-year terms)

elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999
(next to be held NA October 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 57.2%, BNF 26%,
other 16.8%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1

Brazil:
bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists
of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; three members
from each state or federal district elected according to the
principle of majority to serve eight-year terms; one-third elected
after a four year period, two-thirds elected after the next
four-year period) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara dos
Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional
representation to serve four-year terms)

elections: Federal Senate - last held 4 October 1998 for one-third of Senate (next to be held NA October 2002 for two-thirds of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held 4 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2002)

election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PMDB 27, PFL 20, PSDB 16, PT 7, PPB 5, PSB 3, PDT 2, PPS 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PFL 106, PSDB 99, PMDB 82, PPB 60, PT 58, PTB 31, PDT 25, PSB 19, PL 12, PCdoB 7, other 14

British Virgin Islands:
unicameral Legislative Council (13 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote, one member from each of
9 electoral districts, four at-large members; members serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
VIP 7, CCM 1, NDP 5

Brunei:
unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a
privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats;
members appointed by the monarch)

elections: last held in March 1962

note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years

Bulgaria:
unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sobranie (240
seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 17 June 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
National Movement for Simeon II 120, UDF 51, BSP 48, DPS 21

Burkina Faso:
bicameral; consists of a National Assembly or
Assemblee des Deputes Populaires (111 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the purely consultative
Chamber of Representations or Chambre des Representants (178 seats;
members are appointed to serve three-year terms)

elections: National Assembly election last held 11 May 1997 (next
to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
CDP 101, PDP 6, RDA 2, ADF 2

Burma:
unicameral People's Assembly or Pyithu Hluttaw (485 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NLD 392, SNLD 23, NUP 10, other 60

Burundi:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (121
seats; note - new Transitional Constitution expanded the number of
seats from 81 to 121 in 1998; members are elected by popular vote on
a proportional basis to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but suspended by presidential decree in 1996)

election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, various other parties 40

Cambodia:
bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the
Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected
by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional
constituencies"; members serve five-year terms

elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7

Cameroon:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180
seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year
terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term
of the legislature)

elections: last held 17 May 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RDCP 109, SDF 43, UNDP 13, UDC 5, UPC-K 1, MDR 1, MLJC 1; note - results from 7 contested seats were cancelled by the Supreme Court, further elections on 3 August 1997 gave these seats to the RDPC

note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established

Canada:
bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or
Senat (a body whose members are appointed to serve until reaching 75
years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of
the prime minister; its normal limit is 104 senators) and the House
of Commons or Chambre des Communes (301 seats; members elected by
direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Commons - last held 27 November 2000 (next to be held 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party as of January 2001 - Liberal Party 42%, Canadian Alliance 22%, Bloc Quebecois 13%, New Democratic Party 4%, Progressive Conservative Party 4%; seats by party as of January 2001 - Liberal Party 172, Canadian Alliance 66, Bloc Quebecois 38, New Democratic Party 13, Progressive Conservative Party 12

Cape Verde:
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December
2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD
39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2

Cayman Islands:
unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three
appointed members and 15 elected by popular vote; members serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA

Central African Republic:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee
Nationale (109 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms; note - there were 85 seats in the National Assembly
before the 1998 election)

elections: last held 22-23 November and 13 December 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - MLPC 43%, RDC 18%, MDD 9%, FPP 6%, PSD 5%, ADP 4%, PUN 3%, FODEM 2%, PLD 2%, UPR 1%, FC 1%, independents 6%; seats by party - MLPC 47, RDC 20, MDD 8, FPP 7, PSD 6, ADP 5, PUN 3, FODEM 2, PLD 2, UPR 1, FC 1, independents 7

note: the National Assembly is advised by the Economic and Regional Council or Conseil Economique et Regional; when they sit together they are called the Congress or Congres

Chad:
unicameral National Assembly (125 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms); replaces the Higher
Transitional Council or the Conseil Superieur de Transition

elections: National Assembly - last held in two rounds on 5 January and 23 February 1997 (next to be held in late 2001); in the first round of voting some candidates won clear victories by receiving 50% or more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring candidates stood for a second round of voting

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
MPS 65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13

Chile:
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of
the Senate or Senado (48 seats, 38 elected by popular vote and 10
appointed (all former presidents who served 6 years are senators for
life); members serve eight-year terms - one-half elected every four
years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (120
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001); Chamber of Deputies - last held 11 December 1997 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CPD (PDC 14, PS 4, PPD 2), RN 7, UDI 10, UCCP 1, independents 10; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CPD 50.55% (PDC 22.98%, PS 11.10%, PPD 12.55%, PRSD 3.13%), RN 16.78%, UDI 14.43%; seats by party - CPD 70 (PDC 39, PPD 16, PRSD 4, PS 11), RN 24, UDI 21, Socialist Party 1, right-wing independents 4

China:
unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin
Daibiao Dahui (2,979 seats; members elected by municipal, regional,
and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held NA December 1997-NA February 1998 (next to be held late 2002-NA March 2003)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - NA

Christmas Island: unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)

elections: last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9

Cocos (Keeling) Islands:
unicameral Cocos (Keeling) Islands Shire
Council (NA seats)

Colombia:
bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Senate or
Senado (102 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Camara de
Representantes (163 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 8 March 1998 (next to be held NA March 2002); House of Representatives - last held 8 March 1998 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PL 50%, PSC 24%, smaller parties (many aligned with conservatives) 26%; seats by party - PL 58, PSC 28, smaller parties 16; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PL 52%, PSC 17%, other 31%; seats by party - PL 98, PSC 52, indigenous parties 2, others 11

Comoros:
bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (15 seats:
five from each island); members selected by regional councils for
six-year terms) and a Federal Assembly or Assemblee Federale (43
seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms);
note - the Federal Assembly was dissolved following the coup of 30
April 1999

elections: Federal Assembly - last held 1 and 8 December 1996 (next
to be held NA)

election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - RND 39, FNJ 3, independent 1

note: the constitution stipulates that only parties that win six seats in the Federal Assembly (two from each island) are permitted to be in opposition, but if no party accomplishes that, the second most successful party will be in opposition; in the elections of December 1996 the FNJ appeared to qualify as opposition

Congo, Democratic Republic of the: a 300-member Transitional Constituent Assembly established in August 2000

elections: NA; members of the Transitional Constituent Assembly were appointed by former President KABILA

Congo, Republic of the:
unicameral National Transitional Council (75
seats, members elected by reconciliation forum of 1,420 delegates on
NA January 1998); note - the National Transitional Council replaced
the bicameral Parliament

elections: National Transitional Council - last held NA January 1998 (next to be held NA 2001); note - at that election the National Transitional Council is to be replaced by a bicameral assembly

election results: National Transitional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

Cook Islands:
unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held NA June 1999 (next to be held by NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
CIP 12, DAP 12, NAP 1

note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters,
but has no legislative powers

Costa Rica:
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa
(57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 1 February 1998 (next to be held 3 February 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - PUSC 41%, PLN 35%, minority parties 24%; seats by party - PUSC 27, PLN 23, minority parties 7

Cote d'Ivoire:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
(225 seats; members are elected in single- and multi-district
elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: elections last held 10 December 2000 with by-elections
on 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
FPI 96, PDCI-RDA 94, RDR 5, PIT 4, other 2, independents 22, vacant 2

note: a Senate is scheduled to be created in the next full election
in 2005

Croatia:
bicameral Assembly or Sabor consists of the House of
Counties or Zupanijski Dom (68 seats, 63 directly elected by popular
vote, 5 appointed by the president; members serve four-year terms;
note - House of Counties to be abolished in 2001) and House of
Representatives or the Zastupnicki Dom (151 seats; members elected
by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: House of Counties - last held 13 April 1997; House of Representatives - last held 2-3 January 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: House of Counties - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 42, HSLS/HSS 11, HSS 2, IDS 2, SDP/PGS/HNS 2, SDP/HNS 2, HSLS/HSS/HNS 1, HSLS 1; note - in some districts certain parties ran as coalitions, while in others they ran alone; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - HDZ 46, SDP 44, HSLS 24, HSS 17, HSP/HKDU 5, IDS 4, HNS 2, independents 4, minority representatives 5

Cuba:
unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea
Nacional del Poder Popular (601 seats, elected directly from slates
approved by special candidacy commissions; members serve five-year
terms)

elections: last held 11 January 1998 (next to be held in 2003)

election results: percent of vote - PCC 94.39%; seats - PCC 601

Cyprus:
unicameral - Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives or
Vouli Antiprosopon (80 seats; 56 assigned to the Greek Cypriots, 24
to Turkish Cypriots; note - only those assigned to Greek Cypriots
are filled; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms); Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the Republic or Cumhuriyet
Meclisi (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)

elections: Greek Cypriot area: last held 27 May 2001 (next to be held NA May 2006); Turkish Cypriot area: last held 6 December 1998 (next to be held NA December 2003)

election results: Greek Cypriot area: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AKEL (Communist) 20, DISY 19, DIKO 9, KISOS 4, others 4; Turkish Cypriot area: Assembly of the Republic - percent of vote by party - UBP 40.3%, DP 22.6%, TKP 15.4%, CTP 13.4%, UDP 4.6%, YBH 2.5%, BP 1.2%; seats by party - UBP 24, DP 13, TKP 7, CTP 6

Czech Republic:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the
Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the
Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka snemovna (200 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 12 and 19 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 19-20 June 1998 (next to be held by NA June 2002)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - KDU-CSL 28, ODS 22, CSSD 15, ODA 7, US 4, KSCM 3, independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - CSSD 32.3%, ODS 27.7%, KSCM 11%, KDU-CSL 9.0%, US 8.6%; seats by party - CSSD 74, ODS 63, KSCM 24, KDU-CSL 20, US 18, CSNS 1

Denmark:
unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2
from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by
popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 11 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - progovernment parties: Social Democratic Party 65, Socialist People's Party 13, Social Liberal Party 7, Red-Green Unity List 5; opposition: Liberal Party 43, Conservative Party 17, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democratic Party 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4; seats by party as of 1 January 2001: government coalition parties - Social Democrats 63, Social Liberals 7; pro-government parties - Socialist People's Party 13, Unity List 5; opposition - Liberals 42, Conservatives 16, Danish People's Party 13, Center Democrats 8, Christian People's Party 4, Progress Party 4 (now named Freedom 2000); does not include the 4 overseas seats

Djibouti:
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65
seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections: last held 19 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - RPP 65; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election

Dominica:
unicameral House of Assembly (30 seats, 9 appointed
senators, 21 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 31 January 2000 (next to be held by NA 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party
-DLP 11, UWP 8, DFP 2

Dominican Republic:
bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional
consists of the Senate or Senado (30 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies
or Camara de Diputados (149 seats; members are elected by popular
vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held NA May
2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 16 May 1998 (next to be held
NA May 2002)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - PRD 24, PLD 3, PRSC 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote
by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 83, PLD 49, PRSC 17

Ecuador:
unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (121
seats; 79 members are popularly elected at-large nationally to serve
four-year terms; 42 members are popularly elected by province - two
per province - for four-year terms)

elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - DP 32, PSC 27, PRE 24, ID 18, P-NP 9, FRA 5, PCE 3, MPD 2, CFP 1; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties

Egypt:
bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis
al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by
the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory
Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative
role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the
president; members serve NA-year terms)

elections: People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)

election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP 88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2; Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats by party - NA

El Salvador:
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa
(84 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve
three-year terms)

elections: last held 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - ARENA 36.1%, FMLN 35.14%, PCN 8.76%, PDC 7.08%, CD 5.32%, PAN 3.75%, USC 1.47%, PLD 1.29%; seats by party - ARENA 28, FMLN 31, PCN 14, PDC 5, CD 3, PAN 1, independent 2

Equatorial Guinea:
unicameral House of People's Representatives or
Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (80 seats; members directly
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - PDGE 80%, UP 6%, CPDS 5%; seats by party - PDGE 75, UP 4 and CPDS 1

note: opposition parties have refused to take up their seats in the
House to protest widespread irregularities in the 1999 legislative
elections

Eritrea:
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; term limits not
established)

elections: in May 1997, following the adoption of the new constitution, 75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee (the old Central Committee of the EPLF), 60 members of the 527-member Constituent Assembly which had been established in 1997 to discuss and ratify the new constitution, and 15 representatives of Eritreans living abroad were formed into a Transitional National Assembly to serve as the country's legislative body until country-wide elections to a National Assembly are held; only 75 members will be elected to the National Assembly - the other 75 will be members of the Central Committee of the PFDJ; parliamentary elections are now scheduled for NA December 2001

Estonia:
unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 7 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Center Party 28, Union of Pro Patria (Fatherland League) 18, Reform
Party 18, Moderates 17, Country People's Party (Agrarians) 7,
Coalition Party 7, UPPE 6

Ethiopia:
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation
or upper chamber (108 seats; members are chosen by state assemblies
to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives
or lower chamber (548 seats; members are directly elected by popular
vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 14 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2005)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - OPDO 177, ANDM 134, TPLF 38, WGGPDO 27, EPRDF 19, SPDO 18, GNDM 15, KSPDO 10, ANDP 8, GPRDF 7, SOPDM 7, BGPDUF 6, BMPDO 5, KAT 4, other regional political groupings 22, independents 8; note - 43 seats unconfirmed

note: irregularities and violence at a number of polling stations necessitated the rescheduling of voting in certain constituencies; voting postponed in Somali regional state because of severe drought

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor

elections: last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8

Faroe Islands:
unicameral Faroese Parliament or Logting (32 seats;
members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis from the
seven constituencies to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 30 April 1998 (next to be held not later than
April 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - Republican Party 23.8%, People's Party 21.3%, Social Democratic Party 21.9%, Union Party 18%, Home Rue Party 7.7%, Center Party 4.1%; seats by party - Republican Party 8, People's Party 8, Social Democratic Party 7, Union Party 6, Home Rule Party 2, Center Party 1

note: election of 2 seats to the Danish Parliament was last held on 11 March 1998 (next to be held not later than March 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Social Democratic Party 1, People's Party 1

Fiji:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (32 seats; 14
appointed by the Great Council of Chiefs, nine appointed by the
prime minister, eight appointed by the leader of the opposition, and
one appointed by the council of Rotuma) and the House of
Representatives (71 seats; 23 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 19
reserved for ethnic Indians, three reserved for other ethnic groups,
one reserved for the council of Rotuma constituency encompassing the
whole of Fiji, and 25 open; members serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 11 May 1999 (next
to be held NA May 2004)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - Fiji Labor Party 37, others 34

Finland:
unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are
elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year
terms)

elections: last held 21 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - SDP 22.9%, Kesk 22.5%, Kok 21.0%, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 10.9%, SFP 5.1%, Green Union 7.2%, SKL 4.2%; seats by party - SDP 51, Kesk 48, Kok 46, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 20, SFP 11, Green Union 11, SKL 10, other 3

France:
bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or
Senat (321 seats - 296 for metropolitan France, 13 for overseas
departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad;
members are indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve
nine-year terms; elected by thirds every three years) and the
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (577 seats; members are
elected by popular vote under a single-member majoritarian system to
serve five-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held September 2001); National Assembly - last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA May 2002)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - RPR 99, UDC 52, DL 47, PS 78, PCF 16, other 29; National
Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 245,
RPR 140, UDF 109, PCF 37, PRS 13, MEI 8, MDC 7, LDI-MPF 1, FN 1,
various left 9, various right 7

French Guiana:
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2

note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, PSG 1

French Polynesia:
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee
Territoriale (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 12 May 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 22, Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia 10, New Fatherland Party 5, other 4

note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC 1; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2

Gabon:
bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (91 seats) and
the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats); members
are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms

elections: National Assembly - last held 15 and 29 December 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001); Senate - last held 26 January and 9 February 1997 (next to be held in January 2002)

election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 89, PGP 9, RNB 6, CLR 3, UPG 2, USG 2, independents 4, others 5; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PDG 53, RNB 20, PGP 4, ADERE 3, RDP 1, CLR 1, independents 9

Gambia, The:
unicameral National Assembly (49 seats; 45 elected by
popular vote, 4 appointed by the president; members serve five-year
terms)

elections: last popular election held 2 January 1997 (next to be
held NA January 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
APRC 33, UDP 7, NRP 2, PDOIS 1, independents 2

Georgia:
unicameral Supreme Council (commonly referred to as
Parliament) or Umaghiesi Sabcho (235 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 31 October and 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - CUG 41.85%, AGUR 25.65%, IWSG 7.8%, all other parties received less than 7% each; seats by party - CUG 130, AGUR 58, IWSG 15, Abkhaz deputies 12, independents 17, other 3

Germany:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal
Assembly or Bundestag (656 seats usually, but 669 for the 1998 term;
elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and
proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national
vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve
four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes;
state governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6
votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block)

elections: Federal Assembly - last held 27 September 1998 (next to be held by the fall of 2002); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election

election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - SPD 40.9%, Alliance '90/Greens 6.7%, CDU/CSU 35.1%, FDP 6.2%, PDS 5.1%; seats by party - SPD 298, Alliance '90/Greens 47, CDU/CSU 245, FDP 43, PDS 36; Federal Council - current composition - votes by party - SPD-led states 26, CDU-led states 28, grand coalitions 15

Ghana:
unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by
direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December
2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4

Gibraltar:
unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by
popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio
members; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 10 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7

Greece:
unicameral Parliament or Vouli ton Ellinon (300 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: elections last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held by NA
April 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - PASOK 43.8%, ND 42.7%,
KKE 5.5%, Coalition of the Left and Progress 3.2%; seats by party -
PASOK 158, ND 125, KKE 11, Coalition of the Left and Progress 6

Greenland:
unicameral Parliament or Landstinget (31 seats; members
are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional
representation to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held on 16 February 1999 (next to be held by NA
February 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - Siumut 35.2%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 22.1%, Atassut Party 25.2%, Candidate's League 12.3%, independent 5.2%; seats by party - Siumut 11, Atassut 8, Inuit Ataqatigiit 7, Candidate List 4, independent 1

note: two representatives were elected to the Danish Parliament or Folketing on 11 March 1998 (next to be held by not later than March 2002); percent of vote by party - Siumut 35.6%, Atassut 35.2%; seats by party - Siumut 1, Atassut 1; Greenlandic representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties (Siamut with Social Democratic Party and Atassut with Liberal Party)

Grenada:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 13-member
body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the
opposition) and the House of Representatives (15 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held on 18 January 1999 (next to be held by NA
October 2004)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - NNP 14, GULP 1

Guadeloupe:
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (42 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the
unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members
are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections: General Council - last held 22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - diverse left parties 11, PS 8, RPR 8, PPDG 6, diverse right parties 5, PCG 3, UDF 1; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - RPR 48.03%, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 24.49%, PCG 5.29%, diverse right parties 5.73%; seats by party - RPR 25, PS/PPDG/diverse left parties 12, PCG 2, diverse right parties 2

note: Guadeloupe elects two representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1, FGPS 1; Guadeloupe elects four representatives to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FGPS 2, RPR 1, PPDG 1

Guam:
unicameral Legislature (15 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve two-year terms)

elections: last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November
2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Republican Party 8, Democratic Party 7

note: Guam elects one delegate to the US House of Representatives;
election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November
2002); results - Robert UNDERWOOD was reelected as delegate; percent
of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 1

Guatemala:
unicameral Congress of the Republic or Congreso de la
Republica (113 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held on 7 November 1999 (next to be held in
November 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
FRG 63, PAN 37, ANN 9, DCG 2, UD/LOV 1, PLP 1

note: for the 7 November 1999 election, the number of congressional
seats was increased from 80 to 113

Guernsey:
unicameral Assembly of the States; consists of the
Bailiff, 10 Douzaine (parish council) representatives, 45 People's
Deputies elected by popular franchise, 2 Alderney representatives,
HM Procureur (Attorney General), HM Comptroller (Solicitor General)
and HM Greffier (Court Recorder and Registrar General)

elections: last held 12 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents

Guinea:
unicameral People's National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale
Populaire (114 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to
serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 11 June 1995 (next scheduled for 26 November
2000 postponed indefinitely due to border fighting with rebels from
Sierra Leone and Liberia)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PUP 71, RPG 19, PRP 9, UNR 9, UPG 2, PDG-AST 1, UNP 1, PDG-RDA 1,
other 1

Guinea-Bissau:
unicameral National People's Assembly or Assembleia
Nacional Popular (100 seats; members are elected by popular vote to
serve a maximum of four years)

elections: last held 28 November 1999 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRS 37, RGB 27, PAIGC 25, 11 remaining seats went to 5 of the remaining 10 parties that fielded candidates

Guyana:
unicameral National Assembly (65 seats, 53 elected by
popular vote, 10 elected by the ten Regional Democratic Councils,
and 2 elected by the National Congress of Local Democratic Organs;
members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1

Haiti:
bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists
of the Senate (27 seats; members serve six-year terms; one-third
elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; about eight seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next election NA 2004)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, OPL 1, other minor parties and independents 9

Holy See (Vatican City):
unicameral Pontifical Commission

Honduras:
unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128
seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes
their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year
terms)

elections: last held on 30 November 1997 (next to be held 25
November 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - PL 46%, PN 38%,
PINU-SD 4%, PDC 2%, PUD 2%; seats by party - PL 67, PN 55, PINU-SD
3, PDC 2, PUD 1

Hong Kong:
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (60 seats; 30
indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 24 elected by
popular vote, and 6 elected by an 800-member election committee;
members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 10 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Democratic Party 12, Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong 10, Liberal Party 7, Frontier Party 5, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance 4, New Century Forum 2, Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood 1, independents 19

Hungary:
unicameral National Assembly or Orszaggyules (386 seats;
members are elected by popular vote under a system of proportional
and direct representation to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held on 10 and 24 May 1998 (next to be held
May/June 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party (5% or more of the vote required for parliamentary representation in the first round) - MSZP 32.0%, FIDESZ 28.2%, FKGP 13.8%, SZDSZ 7.9%, MIEP 5.5%, MMP 4.1%, MDF 2.8%, KDNP 2.3%, MDNP 1.5%; seats by party - MSZP 134, FIDESZ 148, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 17, MIEP 14, independent 1; note - seating as of 2000 by party - MSZP 136, FIDESZ 141, FKGP 48, SZDSZ 24, MDF 16, MIEP 12, independents 9

Iceland:
unicameral Parliament or Althing (63 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held on 8 May 1999 (next to be held by April 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - Independence Party 40.7%, The Alliance (PA, People's Party, Women's List) 26.8%, Progressive Party 18.4%, Left-Green Alliance 9.1%, Liberal Party 4.2%; seats by party - Independence Party 26, The Alliance 17, Progressive Party 12, Left-Green Alliance 6, Liberal Party 2

India:
bicameral Parliament or Sansad consists of the Council of
States or Rajya Sabha (a body consisting of not more than 250
members, up to 12 of which are appointed by the president, the
remainder are chosen by the elected members of the state and
territorial assemblies; members serve six-year terms) and the
People's Assembly or Lok Sabha (545 seats; 543 elected by popular
vote, 2 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)

elections: People's Assembly - last held 5 September through 3
October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: People's Assembly - percent of vote by party -
BJP alliance 40.8%, Congress alliance 33.8%, other 25.4%; seats by
party - BJP alliance 304, Congress alliance 134, other 107

Indonesia:
unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan
Rakyat (DPR) (500 seats; 462 elected by popular vote, 38 are
appointed military representatives; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 7 June 1999 (next to be held NA June 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - PDI-P 37.4%, Golkar 20.9%, PKB 17.4%, PPP 10.7%, PAN 7.3%, PBB 1.8%, other 4.5%; seats by party - PDI-P 154, Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 14, other 30

Iran:
unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or
Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami (290 seats, note - changed from 270 seats
with the 18 February 2000 election; members elected by popular vote
to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 18 February-NA April 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - reformers 170, conservatives 45, and independents 10; 65 seats were up for runoff election on 5 May 2000 (reformers 52, conservatives 10, independents 3)

Iraq:
unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (250 seats;
30 appointed by the president to represent the three northern
provinces of Dahuk, Arbil, and As Sulaymaniyah; 220 elected by
popular vote; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 27 March 2000 (next to be held NA March 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NA

Ireland:
bicameral Parliament or Oireachtas consists of the Senate
or Seanad Eireann (60 seats - 49 elected by the universities and
from candidates put forward by five vocational panels, 11 are
nominated by the prime minister; members serve five-year terms) and
the House of Representatives or Dail Eireann (166 seats; members are
elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation
to serve five-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held NA August 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); House of Representatives - last held 6 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 29, Fine Gael 16, Labor Party 4, Progressive Democrats 4, others 7; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Fianna Fail 76, Fine Gael 53, Labor Party 19, Progressive Democrats 4, Democratic Left 4, Green Alliance 2, Sinn Fein 1, independents 7; note - seats by party in the House of Representatives as of 1 January 2001 were as follows: Fianna Fail 76, Fine Gael 54, Labor Party 21, Progressive Democrats 4, Green Alliance 2, Socialist Party 1, Sinn Fein 1, independents 7

Israel:
unicameral Knesset or parliament (120 seats; members elected
by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - One Israel 20.2%, Likud Party 14.1%, Shas 13%, MERETZ 7.6%, Yisra'el Ba'Aliya 5.1%, Shinui 5%, Center Party 5%, National Religious Party 4.2%, United Torah Judaism 3.7%, United Arab List 3.4%, National Union 3%, Hadash 2.6%, Yisra'el Beiteinu 2.6%, Balad 1.9%, One Nation 1.9%, Democratic Movement NA (party formed after election, members elected under Yisra'el Ba'Aliya list); seats by party - One Israel 26, Likud Party 19, Shas 17, MERETZ 10, Yisra'el Ba'Aliya 4, Shinui 6, Center Party 6, National Religious Party 5, United Torah Judaism 5, United Arab List 5, National Union 4, Hadash 3, Yisra'el Beiteinu 4, Democratic Movement 2 (party formed after election, members elected under Yisra'el Ba'Aliya list), Balad 2, One Nation 2

Italy:
bicameral Parliament or Parlamento consists of the Senate or
Senato della Repubblica (315 seats elected by popular vote of which
232 are directly elected and 83 are elected by regional proportional
representation plus, in addition, there are a small number of
senators-for-life including former presidents of the republic;
members serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camera
dei Deputati (630 seats; 475 are directly elected, 155 by regional
proportional representation; members serve five-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 13 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 177 (Forza Italia 82, National Alliance 46, CCD-CDU 29, Northern League 17, others 3), Olive Tree 128 (Democrats of the Left 62, Daisy Alliance 42, Sunflower Alliance 16, Italian Communist Party 3, independents 5), non-affiliated with either coalition 10, senators for life 9; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - House of Liberties 367 (Forza Italia 189, National Alliance 96, CCD-CDU 40, Northern League 30, others 12), Olive Tree 248 (Democrats of the Left 138, Daisy Alliance 76, Sunflower Alliance 18, Italian Communist Party 9, independents 7), non-affiliated with either coalition 15

Jamaica:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member
body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the
prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is
allocated 13 seats, and the opposition is allocated eight seats) and
the House of Representatives (60 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 18 December 1997 (next to be held by March
2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PNP 50, JLP 10

Japan:
bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors
or Sangi-in (252 seats; one-half of the members elected every three
years - 76 seats of which are elected from the 47 multi-seat
prefectural districts and 50 of which are elected from a single
nationwide list; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year
terms) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - 180
of which are elected from 11 regional blocks on a proportional
representation basis and 300 of which are elected from 300
single-seat districts; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)

elections: House of Councillors - last held 12 July 1998 (next to be held NA July 2001); House of Representatives - last held 25 June 2000 (next to be held by June 2004)

election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LDP 102, DPJ 47, JCP 23, Komeito 22, SDP 13, Liberal Party 12, independents 26, others 7; note - the distribution of seats as of February 2001 is as follows - LDP 112, DPJ 58, Komeito 24, JCP 23, SDP 13, Liberal Party 5, independents 7, others 10; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LDP 233, DPJ 127, Komeito 31, Liberal Party 22, JCP 20, SDP 19, other 28; note - the distribution of seats as of February 2001 is as follows - LDP 239, DPJ 129, Komeito 31, Liberal Party 22, JCP 20, SDP 19, other 20

Jersey:
unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12
senators, 12 constables or heads of parishes, 29 deputies; all
elected for six-year terms, half elected every third year; the
bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean
of Jersey, the Attorney General and the Solicitor General all
appointed by the monarch

elections: last held NA (next to be held NA)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52

Jordan:
bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of
the Senate (a 40-member body appointed by the monarch from
designated categories of public figures; members serve four-year
terms) and the House of Representatives (80 seats; members elected
by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve
four-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 4 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2001)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - National Constitutional Party 2, Arab Land Party 1, independents 75, other 2

note: the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved
by the monarch several times since 1974; in November 1989 the first
parliamentary elections in 22 years were held

Kazakhstan:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (47 seats; 7
senators are appointed by the president; other members are popularly
elected, two from each of the former oblasts and the former capital
of Almaty, to serve six-year terms) and the Majilis (67 seats; the
addition of 10 "Party List" seats brings the total to 77; members
are popularly elected to serve five-year terms); note - with the
oblasts being reduced to 14, the Senate will eventually be reduced
to 37; a number of Senate seats come up for reelection every two
years

elections: Senate - (indirect) last held 17 September 1999 (next to be held NA 2001); Majilis - last held 10 and 24 October and 26 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; 16 seats up for election in 1999, candidates nominated by local councils; Majilis - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Otan 23, Civic Party 13, Communist Party 3, Agrarian Party 3, People's Cooperative Party 1, independents 34; note - most independent candidates are affiliated with parastatal enterprises and other pro-government institutions

Kenya:
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (222 seats; 210 members
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, 12 so-called
"nominated" members who are appointed by the president, but selected
by the parties in proportion to their parliamentary vote totals)

elections: last held 29 December 1997 (next to be held by early 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
KANU 107, FORD-A 1, FORD-K 17, FORD-People 3, DP 39, NDP 21, SDP 15,
SAFINA 5, smaller parties 2; seats appointed by the president - KANU
6, FORD-K 1, DP 2, SDP 1, NDP 1, SAFINA 1

Kiribati:
unicameral House of Assembly or Maneaba Ni Maungatabu (41
seats; 39 elected by popular vote, one ex officio member, and one
nominated to represent Banaba; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 23 September 1998 (next to be held by NA
September 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
Maneaban Te Mauri Party 14, National Progressive Party 11,
independents 14

Korea, North:
unicameral Supreme People's Assembly or Ch'oego Inmin
Hoeui (687 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)

elections: last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition; minor parties hold a few seats

Korea, South:
unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (273 seats
total - 227 elected by direct, popular vote; members serve four-year
terms)

elections: last held 13 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
GNP 133, MDP 115, ULD 17, other 8

Kuwait:
unicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-Umma (50 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 3 July 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 50; note - all cabinet ministers are also ex officio members of the National Assembly

Kyrgyzstan:
bicameral Supreme Council or Zhogorku Kenesh consists of
the Assembly of People's Representatives (70 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the
Legislative Assembly (35 seats; members are elected by popular vote
to serve five-year terms)

elections: Assembly of People's Representatives - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005); Legislative Assembly - last held 20 February and 12 March 2000 (next to be held NA February 2005)

election results: Assembly of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; percent of vote by party - NA; and Legislative Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - total seats by party in the Supreme Council were as follows: Union of Democratic Forces 12, Communists 6, My Country Party of Action 4, independents 73, other 10

note: the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections; the 2000 election results include both the Assembly of People's Representatives and the Legislative Assembly

Laos:
unicameral National Assembly (99 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - by presidential
decree, on 27 October 1997, the number of seats increased from 85 to
99)

elections: last held 21 December 1997 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
LPRP or LPRP-approved (independent, non-party members) 99

Latvia:
unicameral Parliament or Saeima (100 seats; members are
elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 3 October 1998 (next to be held NA October 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - People's Party 21%, LC 18%, TSP 14%, TB/LNNK 14%, Social Democrats 13%, New Party 7%; seats by party - People's Party 24, LC 21, TB/LNNK 17, TSP 16, Social Democrats 14, New Party 8

Lebanon:
unicameral National Assembly or Majlis Alnuwab (Arabic) or
Assemblee Nationale (French) (128 seats; members elected by popular
vote on the basis of sectarian proportional representation to serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 27 August and 3 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - Muslim 57% (of which Sunni 25%, Sh'ite 25%, Druze 6%, Alawite less than 1%), Christian 43% (of which Maronite 23%); seats by party - Muslim 64 (of which Sunni 27, Sh'ite 27, Druze 8, Alawite 2), Christian 64 (of which Maronite 34)

Lesotho:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members -
22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling
party) and the Assembly (80 seats; members elected by popular vote
for five-year terms); note - number of seats in the Assembly rose
from 65 to 80 in the May 1998 election; on 28 February 2001, the
Senate approved expansion of the Assembly by a further 50 seats in
the next election, which may be held as early as January 2002

elections: last held 23 May 1998 (next to be held NA March 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - LCD 60.7%, BNP 24.5%, other 14.8%; seats by party - LCD 79, BNP 1

note: results contested; opposition parties claimed the election was fraudulent and staged a coup; Southern African Development Community (SADC) forces intervened in September 1998 and restored order; the Interim Political Authority (IPA) was set up in December 1998 to create a new electoral system and conduct new elections.

Liberia:
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (26
seats; members elected by popular vote to serve nine-year terms) and
the House of Representatives (64 seats; members elected by popular
vote to serve six-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held in NA 2006); House of Representatives - last held 19 July 1997 (next to be held in NA 2003)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 21, UP 3, ALCOP 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 49, UP 7, ALCOP 3, Alliance of Political Parties 2, UPP 2, LPP 1; note - the Alliance of Political Parties was a coalition of the LAP and the Liberia Unification Party or LUP

Libya:
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members
elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)

Liechtenstein:
unicameral Diet or Landtag (25 seats; members are
elected by direct popular vote under proportional representation to
serve four-year terms)

elections: last held on 9-11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA
2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%,
FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1

Lithuania:
unicameral Parliament or Seimas (141 seats, 71 members
are directly elected by popular vote, 70 are elected by proportional
representation; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 8 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democratic Coalition 31.1%, New Union/Social Liberals 19.6%, Liberal Union 17.2%, TS 8.6%, remaining parties all less than 5%; seats by party - Social Democratic Coalition 52, Liberal Union 34, New Union/Social Liberals 29, TS 9, Farmer's Party 4, Center Union 2, Poles' Electoral Action 2, Modern Christian Democratic Union 1, independents 3, others 5

Luxembourg:
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes
(60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 13 June 1999 (next to be held by NA June 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 29.79%, DP 21.58%, LSAP 23.75%, ADR 10.36%, Green Party 9.09%, the Left 3.77%; seats by party - CSV 19, DP 15, LSAP 13, ADR 6, Green Party 5, the Left 2

note: the Council of State or Conseil d'Etat, which has 21 members who are appointed and dismissed by the Grand Duke based on proposals from the government, the Chamber of Deputies, or the Council of State, is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies

Macau:
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected
by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief
executive; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15
October 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:
unicameral Assembly or
Sobranje (120 seats - 85 members are elected by popular vote, 35
members come from lists of candidates submitted by parties based on
the percentage that parties gain from the overall vote; all serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 18 October and 1 November 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
VMRO-DPMNE 43, SDSM 27, PDP 14, DA 13, DPA 11, VMRO-VMRO 6, LDP 4,
SP 1, Roma Party 1

Madagascar:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (150
seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms); note - the legislature is scheduled to become a
bicameral Parliament with the establishment of a Senate; two-thirds
of the seats of this Senate will be filled by regional assemblies
whose members will be elected by popular vote; the remaining
one-third of the seats will be appointed by the president; the total
number of seats will be determined by the National Assembly; all
members will serve four-year terms

elections: National Assembly - last held 17 May 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AREMA 63, LEADER/Fanilo 16, AVI 14, RPSD 11, AFFA 6, MFM 3, AKFM/Fanavaozana 3, GRAD/Iloafo 1, Fihaonana 1, independents 32

Malawi:
unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 94, MCP 66, AFORD 29, others 4

Malaysia:
bicameral Parliament or Parlimen consists of nonelected
Senate or Dewan Negara (69 seats; 43 appointed by the paramount
ruler, 26 appointed by the state legislatures) and the House of
Representatives or Dewan Rakyat (193 seats; members elected by
popular vote weighted toward the rural Malay population to serve
five-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 29 November 1999 (next must be held by 20 December 2004)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NF 56%, other 44%; seats by party - NF 148, PAS 27, DAP 10, NJP 5, PBS 3

Maldives:
unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42
elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 20 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 42

Mali:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 20 July and 3 August 1997 (next to be held in
two rounds in 2002); note - much of the opposition boycotted the
election

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
ADEMA 130, PARENA 8, CDS 4, UDD 3, PDP 2

Malta:
unicameral House of Representatives (usually 65 seats; note -
additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular
vote to ensure a legislative majority; members are elected by
popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 5 September 1998 (next to be held by September
2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - PN 51.8%, MLP 46.9%,
AD 1.2%; seats by party - PN 35, MLP 30

Man, Isle of:
bicameral Tynwald consists of the Legislative Council
(a 11-member body composed of the President of Tynwald, the Lord
Bishop of Sodor and Man, a nonvoting attorney general, and 8 others
named by the House of Keys) and the House of Keys (24 seats; members
are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Keys - last held 21 November 1996 (next to be
held NA November 2001)

election results: House of Keys - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - independents 24

Marshall Islands: unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NA

note: the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on
matters affecting customary law and practice

Martinique:
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (45 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a
unicameral Regional Assembly or Conseil Regional (41 seats; members
are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Assembly - last held on 15 March 1998 (next to be held by March 2004)

election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - the PPM won a plurality; Regional Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR-UDF 14, MIM 13, PPM 7, left parties 4, PMS 3

note: Martinique elects 2 seats to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1998 (next to be held September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPM 2; Martinique also elects 4 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 2, PS 1, independent 1

Mauritania:
bicameral legislature consists of the Senate or Majlis
al-Shuyukh (56 seats; 17 up for election every two years; members
elected by municipal leaders to serve six-year terms) and the
National Assembly or Majlis al-Watani (79 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 17 April 1998 (next to be held NA
2001); National Assembly - last held 11 and 18 October 1996 (next to
be held NA 2001)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - PRDS 71, AC 1, independents and other 7

Mauritius:
unicameral National Assembly (66 seats - 62 elected by
popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing
political parties to give representation to various ethnic
minorities; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held by
September 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%,
MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6,
OPR 2

Mayotte:
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)

elections: last held 7 October 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 1995 (next to be held 24 September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPM 1; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held as a special election on NA May 2002); results - percent of vote by party - UDF/FD 51.7%, RPR 48.3%; seats by party - UDF/FD 1

Mexico:
bicameral National Congress or Congreso de la Union consists
of the Senate or Camara de Senadores (128 seats; 96 are elected by
popular vote to serve six-year terms, and 32 are allocated on the
basis of each party's popular vote) and the Federal Chamber of
Deputies or Camara Federal de Diputados (500 seats; 300 members are
directly elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms;
remaining 200 members are allocated on the basis of each party's
popular vote, also for three-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 2 July 2000 for all of the seats (next to be held NA 2006); Chamber of Deputies - last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 59, PAN 45, PRD 17, PVEM 5, PT 1, PCD 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRI 211, PAN 208, PRD 50, PVEM 16, PT 7, PCD 3, PSN 3, PAS 2

Micronesia, Federated States of: unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each of state - to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population - to serve two-year terms)

elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003); elections for two-year term seats last held 6 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2003)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14

Moldova:
unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties
and electoral blocs, as well as independent candidates, elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - PCM 50.1%, Braghis
Alliance 13.4%, PPCD 8.2%, other parties 28.3%; seats by party - PCM
71, Braghis Alliance 19, PPCD 11

Monaco:
unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA
January 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
UND 18

Mongolia:
unicameral State Great Hural (76 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 2 July 2000 (next to be held NA July 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
MPRP 72, other 4

Montserrat:
unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 7 popularly
elected; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 11 November 1996 (next to be held by NA
November 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PPA 2, MNR 2, NPP 1, independent 2

Morocco:
bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Chamber
of Counselors (270 seats; members elected indirectly by local
councils, professional organizations, and labor syndicates for
nine-year terms; one-third of the members are renewed every three
years) and a lower house or Chamber of Representatives (325 seats;
members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections: Chamber of Counselors - last held 15 September 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Representatives - last held 14 November 1997 (next to be held NA November 2002)

election results: Chamber of Counselors - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - USFP 57, UC 50, RNI 46, MP 40, MDS 32, IP 32, MNP 19, PND 10, MPCD 9, PPS 9, FFD 9, PSD 5, OADP 4, PA 2, PDI 1

note: CDT, UTM, UGTM, UNMT are all labor unions listed under Political pressure groups and leaders; see explanation in the description of Parliament

Mozambique:
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da
Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote
on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 3-5 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 48.54%, Renamo-UE 38.81%; seats by party - Frelimo 133, Renamo-UE 117

note: Renamo-UE ran as a multiparty coalition; none of the other opposition parties received the 5% required to win parliamentary seats

Namibia:
bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26
seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve
six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 30 November-1 December 1998 (next to be held by December 2004); National Assembly - last held 30 November-1 December 1999 (next to be held by December 2004)

election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SWAPO 21, DTA 4, UDF 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 76%, COD 10%, DTA 9%, UDF 3%, MAG 1%, other 1%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 7, DTA 7, UDF 2, MAG 1,

note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body

Nauru:
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular
vote to serve three-year terms)

elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18

Nepal:
bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60
seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king,
and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members
elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of
Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)

elections: House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1

Netherlands:
bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of
the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly
elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms)
and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: First Chamber - last held 25 May 1999 (next to be held
NA May 2003); Second Chamber - last held 6 May 1998 (next to be held
May 2002)

election results: First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDA 20, VVD 19, PvdA 15, D'66 4, other 17; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - PvdA 30.0%, VVD 25.3%, CDA 19.3%, D'66 9.3%, other 16.1%; seats by party - PvdA 45, VVD 38, CDA 29, D'66 14, other 24

Netherlands Antilles: unicameral States or Staten (22 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 30 January 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PAR 4, PNP 3, SPA 1, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, PLKP 3, WIPM 1, SEA 1,
DP-St. M 2, FOL 2; no party won enough seats to form a government

note: the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a
coalition of several parties; current seats by party - PAR 4, PNP 3,
FOL 2, MAN 2, UPB 2, DP-St. M 2, PDB 1, SEA 1, WIPM 1, other 4

New Caledonia:
unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres
Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial
Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to
serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1

note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 2

New Zealand:
unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called
Parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote in
single-member constituencies to serve three-year terms)

elections: last held 27 November 1999 (next must be called by
November 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 49, NP 39, Alliance 10, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 7, NZFP 5, UNZ 1

note: NZLP and Alliance formed the government coalition; the
National Party became the opposition party

Nicaragua:
unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (93
seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve
five-year terms)

elections: last held 20 October 1996 (next to be held 4 November 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - Liberal Alliance (ruling party - includes PLC, PALI, PLIUN, and PUCA) 46.03%, FSLN 36.55%, PCCN 3.73%, PCN 2.12%, MRS 1.33%; seats by party - Liberal Alliance 42, FSLN 36, PCCN 4, PCN 3, PRONAL 2, MRS 1, PRN 1, PC 1, PLI 1, AU 1, UNO-96 Alliance 1

Niger:
unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by
popular vote for five-year terms)

elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8,
ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4

Nigeria:
bicameral National Assembly consists of Senate (109 seats,
three from each state and one from the Federal Capital Territory;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House
of Representatives (360 seats, members elected by popular vote to
serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003); House of Representatives - last held 20-24 February 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP
23%, AD 19%; seats by party - PDP 67, APP 23, AD 19; House of
Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 58%, APP 30%, AD
12%; seats by party - PDP 221, APP 70, AD 69

Niue:
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common
roll and 14 are village representatives)

elections: last held 19 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NPP 9, independents 11

Norfolk Island:
unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members
elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four
votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year
terms)

elections: last held 23 February 2000 (next to be held by March 2003)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9

Northern Mariana Islands: bicameral Legislature consists of the Senate (9 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year staggered terms) and the House of Representatives (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve two-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001); House of Representatives - last held 9 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2001)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 6, Democratic Party 2, Reform Party 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 10, Democratic Party 8

note: the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in the US
Congress; instead, it has an elected official or "resident
representative" located in Washington, DC; seats by party -
Republican Party 1 (Juan N. BABAUTA)

Norway:
modified unicameral Parliament or Storting which, for
certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers (165 seats;
members are elected by popular vote by proportional representation
to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 15 September 1997 (next to be held 10
September 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - Labor Party 35%, Center Party 7.9%, Conservative Party 14.3%, Christian People's Party 13.7%, Socialist Left Party 6%, Progress Party 15.3%, Liberal Party 4.4%, other parties 1.6%; seats by party - Labor Party 65, Center Party 11, Conservative Party 23, Christian People's Party 25, Socialist Left Party 9, Progress Party 25, Liberal Party 6, other parties 1

note: for certain purposes, the Parliament divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting

Oman:
bicameral Majlis Oman consists of an upper chamber or Majlis
al-Dawla (48 seats; members appointed by the monarch; has advisory
powers only) and a lower chamber or Majlis al-Shura (83 seats;
members elected by limited suffrage, however, the monarch makes
final selections and can negate election results; body has some
limited power to propose legislation, but otherwise has only
advisory powers)

elections: last held NA September 2000 (next to be held NA
September 2003)

election results: NA; note - two women were elected for the first
time to Majlis al-Shura, about 100,000 people voted

Pakistan:
note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dissolved Parliament
following the military takeover of 12 October 1999; bicameral
Parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora consists of the Senate (87 seats;
members indirectly elected by provincial assemblies to serve
six-year terms; one-third of the members up for election every two
years) and the National Assembly (217 seats - 10 represent
non-Muslims; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year
terms)

elections: Senate - last held 12 March 1997 (next to be held NA); National Assembly - last held 3 February 1997 (next to be held NA); note - no timetable has yet been given for elections following the military takeover

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PML/N 30, PPP 17, ANP 7, MQM/A 6, JWP 5, BNP 4, JUI/F 2, PML/J 2, BNM/M 1, PKMAP 1, TJP 1, independents 6, vacant 5; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PML/N 137, PPP 18, MQM/A 12, ANP 10, BNP 3, JWP 2, JUI/F 2, PPP/SB 1, NPP 1, independents 21, minorities 10; note - Gen. Pervez MUSHARRAF dismissed Parliament 15 October 1999

Palau:
bicameral Parliament or Olbiil Era Kelulau (OEK) consists of
the Senate (16 seats; members elected by popular vote on a
population basis to serve four-year terms) and the House of
Delegates (16 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA
November 2004); House of Delegates - last held 7 November 2000 (next
to be held NA November 2004)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by
party - NA; House of Delegates - percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - NA

Panama:
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (71
seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 2 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PRD 34, PA 18, PDC 5, PS 4, MOLIRENA 3, PLN 3, Democratic Change 2, PRC 1, MORENA 1

note: legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula

Papua New Guinea:
unicameral National Parliament - sometimes
referred to as the House of Assembly (109 seats, 89 elected from
open electorates and 20 from provincial electorates; members elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 14-28 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - PPP 15%, Pangu Pati 14%, NA 14%, PDM 8%, PNC 6%, PAP 5%, UP 3%, NP 1%, PUP 1%, independents 33%; seats by party - PPP 16, Pangu Pati 15, NA 15, PDM 9, PNC 7, PAP 5, UP 3, NP 1, PUP 1, independents 37; note - association with political parties is very fluid

Paraguay:
bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Chamber of
Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies
or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members are elected by popular
vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 10 May 1998 (next to be
held NA May 2003); Chamber of Deputies - last held 10 May 1998 (next
to be held NA May 2003)

election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - Colorado Party 25, PLRA 13, PEN 7; Chamber of
Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Colorado
Party 45, PLRA 26, PEN 9

Peru:
unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress or Congresso
Constituyente Democratico (120 seats; members are elected by popular
vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held 8 April 2001)

note: many congressmen defected to and then from former President FUJIMORI's coalition in 2000

election results: percent of vote by party - Peru 2000 42.16%, Peru Possible 23.34%, FIM 7.56%, Somos Peru 7.2%, APRA 5.5%, others 14.24%; seats by party - Peru 2000 52, Peru Possible 29, FIM 9, others 30

Philippines:
bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate
or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members
elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of
Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan (204 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; note - additional
members may be appointed by the president but the Constitution
prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than 250
members)

elections: Senate - last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 14 May 2001); House of Representatives - elections last held 11 May 1998 (next to be held 14 May 2001)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LAMP 12, Lakas 5, PRP 2, LP 1, other 3; note - the Senate now has only 22 members with one seat vacated when Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO became vice president and another seat vacated upon a senator's death; the two seats can only be filled by election and will remain open until the next regular election in May 2001; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - LAMP 135, Lakas 37, LP 13, Aksyon Demokratiko 1, other 35

Pitcairn Islands:
unicameral Island Council (10 seats - 6 elected by
popular vote, 1 appointed by the 6 elected members, 2 appointed by
the governor, and 1 seat for the Island Secretary; members serve
one-year terms)

elections: take place each December; last held NA December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - all independents

Poland:
bicameral National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe
consists of the Sejm (460 seats; members are elected under a complex
system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) and
the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members are elected by a majority
vote on a provincial basis to serve four-year terms)

elections: Sejm elections last held 21 September 1997 (next to be held by NA September 2001); Senate - last held 21 September 1997 (next to be held by NA September 2001)

election results: Sejm - percent of vote by party - AWS 33.8%, SLD 27.1%, UW 13.4%, PSL 7.3%, ROP 5.6%, MNSO 0.4%, other 12.4%; seats by party - AWS 201, SLD 164, UW 60, PSL 27, ROP 6, MNSO 2; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - AWS 51, SLD 28, UW 8, ROP 5, PSL 3, independents 5; note - seats by party in the Sejm as of February 2001: AWS 175, SLD 161, UW 49, PSL 26, PP 6, KdP 7, ROP-PC 4, independents 31, one seat vacant

note: two seats are assigned to ethnic minority parties

Portugal:
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da
Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)

elections: last held 10 October 1999 (next to be held by NA October
2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
PS 115, PSD 81, PCP 15, PP 15, PEV 2, The Left Bloc 2

Puerto Rico:
bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate
(28 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (54 seats; members
are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2004)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 19, PPD 7, PIP 1, other 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PNP 30, PPD 20, PIP 1, other 3

note: Puerto Rico elects one nonvoting representative to the US
House of Representatives; elections last held 7 November 2000 (next
to be held NA November 2004); results - percent of vote by party -
NA; seats by party - PPD 1 (Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA)

Qatar:
unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats;
members appointed)

note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since

Reunion:
unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected
by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral
Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular
vote to serve six-year terms)

elections: General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5

note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1

Romania:
bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or
Senat (140 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote on a
proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) and the
Chamber of Deputies or Adunarea Deputatilor (345 seats; members are
elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation
basis to serve four-year terms)

elections: Senate - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004); Chamber of Deputies - last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held in the fall of 2004)

election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PDSR 37.1%, PRM 21.0%, PD 7.6%, PNL 7.5%, UDMR 6.9%; seats by party - PDSR 65, PRM 37, PD 13, PNL 13, UDMR 12; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - PDSR 36.6%, PRM 19.5%, PD 7.0%, PNL, 6.9%, UDMR 6.8%; seats by party - PDSR 155, PRM 84, PD 31, PNL 30, UDMR 27, ethnic minorities 18

Russia:
bicameral Federal Assembly or Federalnoye Sobraniye consists
of the Federation Council or Sovet Federatsii (178 seats; as of July
2000, members appointed by the top executive and legislative
officials in each of the 89 federal administrative units - oblasts,
krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the federal
cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg; members serve four-year
terms) and the State Duma or Gosudarstvennaya Duma (450 seats; half
elected by proportional representation from party lists winning at
least 5% of the vote, and half from single-member constituencies;
members are elected by direct popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: State Duma - last held 19 December 1999 (next to be held
NA December 2003)

election results: State Duma - percent of vote received by parties clearing the 5% threshold entitling them to a proportional share of the 225 party list seats - KPRF 24.29%, Unity 23.32%, OVR 13.33%, Union of Right Forces 8.52%, LDPR 5.98%, Yabloko 5.93%; seats by party - KPRF 113, Unity 72, OVR 67, Union of Rightist Forces 29, LDPR 17, Yabloko 21, other 16, independents 106, repeat election required 8, vacant 1

Rwanda:
unicameral Transitional National Assembly or Assemblee
Nationale de Transition (a power-sharing body with 70 seats
established on 12 December 1994 following a multiparty protocol of
understanding; members were named by their parties, number of seats
per party predetermined by the Arusha peace accord)

note: four additional seats, two for women and two for youth, added in 2001

elections: the last national legislative elections were held 16 December 1988 for the National Development Council (the legislature prior to the advent of the Transitional National Assembly); no elections have been held for the Transitional National Assembly as the distribution of seats was predetermined by the Arusha peace accord

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
FPR 13, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, RPA 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, UDPR 2;
note - the distribution of seats was predetermined, four additional
seats (two for women and two for youth) added in 2001

Saint Helena:
unicameral Legislative Council (15 seats, including
the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are
elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 9 July 1997 (next to be held NA August 2001)

election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15

Saint Kitts and Nevis: unicameral National Assembly (14 seats, 3 appointed and 11 popularly elected from single-member constituencies; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 6 March 2000 (next to be held by July 2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
SKNLP 8, CCM 2, NRP 1

Saint Lucia:
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (11 seats;
six members appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on
the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after
consultation with religious, economic, and social groups) and the
House of Assembly (17 seats; members are elected by popular vote
from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)

elections: House of Assembly - last held 23 May 1997 (next to be
held NA 2002)

election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party -
NA%; seats by party - SLP 16, UWP 1

Saint Pierre and Miquelon: unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections: elections last held NA April 2000 (next to be held NA
April 2006)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
NA

note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UDF 1

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators; representatives are elected by popular vote from single-member constituencies to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 28 March 2001 (next to be held by NA March 2006)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
ULP 12, NDP 3

Samoa:
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats - 47
elected by Samoans, 2 elected by non-Samoans; only chiefs (matai)
may stand for election to the Fono; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held by March 2006)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
HRPP 23, SNDP 13, independents 13

San Marino:
unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande
e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to
serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 31 May 1998 (next likely to be held by NA June 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 40.8%, PSS 23.3%,
PPDS 18.6%, APDS 9.8%, RC 3.3%, SR 4.2%; seats by party - PDCS 25,
PSS 14, PPDS 11, APDS 6, RC 2, SR 2

Sao Tome and Principe:
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia
Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to
serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 8 November 1998 (next to be held NA November
2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP-PSD 56%, PCD
14.5%, ADI 29%; seats by party - MLSTP-PSD 31, ADI 16, PCD 8

Saudi Arabia:
a consultative council (90 members and a chairman
appointed by the monarch for four-year terms)

Senegal:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120
seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year
terms)

note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats

elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -
SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10

Seychelles:
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (34
seats - 25 elected by popular vote, 9 allocated on a proportional
basis to parties winning at least ten percent of the vote; members
serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 20-22 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results: percent of vote by party - SPPF 61.7%, UO 26.1%,
DP 12.1%; seats by party - SPPF 30, UO 3, DP 1

note: the 9 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of
each party in the total vote

Sierra Leone:
unicameral House of Representatives (80 seats - 68
elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in
separate elections; members serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 26-27 February 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)

election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 36.1%, UNPP 21.6%, PDP 15.3%, APC 5.7%, NUP 5.3%, DCP 4.8%, other 11.2%; seats by party - SLPP 27, UNPP 17, PDP 12, APC 5, NUP 4, DCP 3; note - first elections since the former House of Representatives was shut down by the military coup of 29 April 1992

Singapore:
unicameral Parliament (83 seats; members elected by
popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections: last held 2 January 1997 (next to be held by 26 August 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - PAP 65% (in contested constituencies), other 35%; seats by party - PAP 81, WP 1, SPP 1; note - subsequent to the election, there was a change in the distribution of seats, the new distribution is as follows: PAP 80, WP 1, SPP 1, vacant 1

Slovakia:
unicameral National Council of the Slovak Republic or
Narodna Rada Slovenskej Republiky (150 seats; members are elected on
the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 25-26 September 1998 (next to be held NA
September 2002)

election results: percent of vote by party - HZDS 27%, SDK 26.3%,
SDL 14.7%, SMK 9.1%, SNS 9.1%, SOP 8%; seats by party - governing
coalition 93 (SDK 42, SDL 23, SMK 15, SOP 13), opposition 57 (HZDS
43, SNS 14)

Slovenia:
unicameral National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats, 40
are directly elected and 50 are selected on a proportional basis;
note - the numbers of directly elected and proportionally elected
seats varies with each election; members are elected by popular vote
to serve four-year terms)

elections: National Assembly - last held 15 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2004)

election results: percent of vote by party - LDS 36%, SDS 16%, ZLSD 12%, SLS/SKD 10%, NSI 9%, SMS 4%, SNS 4%, DeSUS 5%, other 4%; seats by party - LDS 34, SDS 14, ZLDS 11, SLS/SKD 9, NSI 8, SMS 4, SNS 4, DeSUS 4, other 2

note: the National Council or Drzavni Svet is an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws and ask to review any National Assembly decisions; in the election of NA November 1997, 40 members were elected to represent local, professional, and socioeconomic interests (next election to be held in the fall of 2002)