Preface (part 2)

V. be deep &c. adj.; render deep &c. adj.; deepen. plunge &c. ; sound, fathom, plumb, cast the lead, heave the lead, take soundings, make soundings; dig &c. (excavate) .

Adj. deep, deep seated; profound, sunk, buried; submerged &c. ; subaqueous, submarine, subterranean, subterraneous, subterrene; underground. bottomless, soundless, fathomless; unfathomed, unfathomable; abysmal; deep as a well; bathycolpian; benthal, benthopelagic; downreaching, yawning. knee deep, ankle deep. Adv. beyond one's depth, out of one's depth; over head and ears; mark twine, mark twain.

#209. Shallowness — N. shallowness &c. adj.; shoals; mere scratch.

Adj. shallow, slight, superficial; skin deep, ankle deep, knee deep; just enough to wet one's feet; shoal, shoaly.

#210. Summit —

N. summit, summity; top, peak, vertex, apex, zenith, pinnacle, acme, culmination, meridian, utmost height, ne plus utra, height, pitch, maximum, climax, culminating point, crowning point, turning point; turn of the tide, fountain head; water shed, water parting; sky, pole. tip, tip top; crest, crow's nest, cap, truck, nib; end &c. ; crown, brow; head, nob, noddle, pate; capsheaf. high places, heights. topgallant mast, sky scraper; quarter deck, hurricane deck. architrave, frieze, cornice, coping stone, zoophorus, capital, epistyle, sconce, pediment, entablature; tympanum; ceiling &c. (covering) . attic, loft, garret, house top, upper story. [metaphorical use] summit conference, summit; peak of achievement, peak of performance; peaks and troughs, peaks and valleys (in graphs).

V. culminate, crown, top; overtop &c. (be superior to) .

Adj. highest &c. (high) &c. ; top; top most, upper most; tiptop; culminating &c. v.; meridian, meridional; capital, head, polar, supreme, supernal, topgallant.

Adv. atop, at the top of the tree.

Phr. en flute; fleur deau [Fr.].

#211. Base —

N. base, basement; plinth, dado, wainscot; baseboard, mopboard; bedrock, hardpan [U.S.]; foundation &c. (support) ; substructure, substratum, ground, earth, pavement, floor, paving, flag, carped, ground floor, deck; footing, ground work, basis; hold, bilge. bottom, nadir, foot, sole, toe, hoof, keel, root; centerboard.

Adj. bottom, undermost, nethermost; fundamental; founded on, based on, grounded on, built on.

#212. Verticality — N. verticality; erectness &c. adj.; perpendicularity &c. 216.1; right angle, normal; azimuth circle. wall, precipice, cliff. elevation, erection; square, plumb line, plummet.

V. be vertical &c. adj.; stand up, stand on end, stand erect, stand upright; stick up, cock up. render vertical &c. adj.; set up, stick up, raise up, cock up; erect, rear, raise on its legs.

Adj. vertical, upright, erect, perpendicular, plumb, normal, straight, bolt, upright; rampant; standing up &c. v.; rectangular, orthogonal &c. 216.1. Adv. vertically &c. adj.; up, on end; up on end, right on end; a plomb [Fr.], endwise; one one's legs; at right angles.

#213. Horizontality — N. horizontality; flatness; level, plane; stratum &c. ; dead level, dead flat; level plane. recumbency, lying down &c. v.; reclination, decumbence; decumbency, discumbency; proneness &c. adj.; accubation, supination, resupination, prostration; azimuth. plain, floor, platform, bowling green; cricket ground; croquet ground, croquet lawn; billiard table; terrace, estrade, esplanade, parterre. [flat land area] table land, plateau, ledge; butte; mesa (plain) . [instrument to measure horizontality] level, spirit level.

V. be horizontal &c. adj.; lie, recline, couch; lie down, lie flat, lie prostrate; sprawl, loll, sit down. render horizontal &c. adj.; lay down, lay out; level, flatten; prostrate, knock down, floor, fell. Adj. horizontal, level, even, plane; flat &c. ; flat as a billiard table, flat as a bowling green; alluvial; calm, calm as a mill pond; smooth, smooth as glass. recumbent, decumbent, procumbent, accumbent; lying &c. v.; prone, supine, couchant, jacent, prostrate, recubant.

Adv. horizontally &c. adj.; on one's back, on all fours, on its beam ends.

#214. Pendency — N. pendency, dependency; suspension, hanging &c. v.; pedicel, pedicle, peduncle; tail, train, flap, skirt, pigtail, pony tail, pendulum; hangnail peg, knob, button, hook, nail, stud, ring, staple, tenterhook; fastening &c. ; spar, horse.

V. be pendent &c. adj.; hang, depend, swing, dangle; swag; daggle, flap, trail, flow; beetle. suspend, hang, sling, hook up, hitch, fasten to, append.

Adj. pendent, pendulous; pensile; hanging &c. v.; beetling, jutting over, overhanging, projecting; dependent; suspended &c. v.; loose, flowing. having a peduncle &c. n.; pedunculate, tailed, caudate.

#215. Support —

N. support, ground, foundation, base, basis; terra firma; bearing, fulcrum, bait [U.S.], caudex crib; point d'appui [Fr.], pou sto [Gr.], purchase footing, hold, locus standi [Lat.]; landing place, landing stage; stage, platform; block; rest, resting place; groundwork, substratum, riprap, sustentation, subvention; floor &c. (basement) . supporter; aid &c. ; prop, stand, anvil, fulciment; cue rest, jigger; monkey; stay, shore, skid, rib, truss, bandage; sleeper; stirrup, stilts, shoe, sole, heel, splint, lap, bar, rod, boom, sprit, outrigger; ratlings. staff, stick, crutch, alpenstock, baton, staddle; bourdon, cowlstaff, lathi, mahlstick. post, pillar, shaft, thill, column, pilaster; pediment, pedicle; pedestal; plinth, shank, leg, socle, zocle; buttress, jamb, mullion, abutment; baluster, banister, stanchion; balustrade; headstone; upright; door post, jamb, door jamb. frame, framework; scaffold, skeleton, beam, rafter, girder, lintel, joist, travis, trave, corner stone, summer, transom; rung, round, step, sill; angle rafter, hip rafter; cantilever, modillion; crown post, king post; vertebra. columella, backbone; keystone; axle, axletree; axis; arch, mainstay. trunnion, pivot, rowlock; peg &c. (pendency) ; tiebeam &c. (fastening) ; thole pin. board, ledge, shelf, hob, bracket, trevet, trivet, arbor, rack; mantel, mantle piece [Fr.], mantleshelf; slab, console; counter, dresser; flange, corbel; table, trestle; shoulder; perch; horse; easel, desk; clotheshorse, hatrack; retable; teapoy. seat, throne, dais; divan, musnud; chair, bench, form, stool, sofa, settee, stall; arm chair, easy chair, elbow chair, rocking chair; couch, fauteuil [Fr.], woolsack, ottoman, settle, squab, bench; aparejo, faldstool, horn; long chair, long sleeve chair, morris chair; lamba chauki, lamba kursi; saddle, pannel, pillion; side saddle, pack saddle; pommel. bed, berth, pallet, tester, crib, cot, hammock, shakedown, trucklebed, cradle, litter, stretcher, bedstead; four poster, French bed, bunk, kip, palang; bedding, bichhona, mattress, paillasse; pillow, bolster; mat, rug, cushion. footstool, hassock; tabouret; tripod, monopod. Atlas, Persides, Atlantes, Caryatides, Hercules.

V. be supported &c.; lie on, sit on, recline on, lean on, loll on, rest on, stand on, step on, repose on, abut on, bear on, be based on &c.; have at one's back; bestride, bestraddle. support, bear, carry, hold, sustain, shoulder; hold up, back up, bolster up, shore up; uphold, upbear; prop; under prop, under pin, under set; riprap; bandage &c. . give support, furnish support, afford support, supply support, lend support, give foundations, furnish foundations, afford foundations, supply foundations, lend foundations; bottom, found, base, ground, imbed, embed. maintain, keep on foot; aid &c. .

Adj. supporting, supported &c. v.; fundamental; dorsigerous. Adv. astride on, straddle.

#216. Parallelism — N. parallelism; coextension; equidistance; similarity &c. .

Adj. parallel; coextensive; equidistant.

Adv. alongside &c. (laterally) .

#216a. Perpendicularity — N. perpendicularity, orthogonality; verticality, &c. .

V. be perpendicular, be orthogonal; intersect at right angles, be rectangular, be at right angles to, intersect at 90 degrees; have no correlation.

Adj. orthogonal, perpendicular; rectangular; uncorrelated.

#217. Obliquity — N. obliquity, inclination, slope, slant, crookedness &c. adj.; slopeness; leaning &c. v.; bevel, tilt; bias, list, twist, swag, cant, lurch; distortion &c. ; bend &c. (curve) ; tower of Pisa. acclivity, rise, ascent, gradient, khudd, rising ground, hill, bank, declivity, downhill, dip, fall, devexity; gentle slope, rapid slope, easy ascent, easy descent; shelving beach; talus; monagne Russe [Fr.]; facilis descensus averni [Lat.].

V. intersect; lack parallelism.

#218. Inversion — N. inversion, eversion, subversion, reversion, retroversion, introversion; contraposition &c. ; contrariety &c. ; reversal; turn of the tide. overturn; somersault, somerset; summerset; culbute; revulsion; pirouette. transposition, transposal, anastrophy, metastasis, hyperbaton, anastrophe, hysteron proteron [Gr.], hypallage, synchysis, tmesis, parenthesis; metathesis; palindrome. pronation and supination [Anat.].

V. be inverted &c.; turn round, turn about, turn to the right about, go round, go about, go to the right about, wheel round, wheel about, wheel to the right about; turn over, go over, tilt over, topple over; capsize, turn turtle. invert, subvert, retrovert, introvert; reverse; up turn, over turn, up set, over set; turn topsy turvy &c. adj.; culbuter; transpose, put the cart before the horse, turn the tables.

Adj. inverted &c. v.; wrong side out, wrong side up; inside out, upside down; bottom upwards, keel upwards; supine, on one's head, topsy-turvy, sens dessus dessous [Fr.]. inverse; reverse &c. (contrary) ; opposite &c. . top heavy.

Adv. inversely &c. adj.; hirdy-girdy; heels over head, head over heels.

#219. Crossing — N. crossing &c. v.; intersection, interdigitation; decussation, transversion; convolution &c. ; level crossing. reticulation, network; inosculation, anastomosis, intertexture, mortise. net, plexus, web, mesh, twill, skein, sleeve, felt, lace; wicker; mat, matting; plait, trellis, wattle, lattice, grating, grille, gridiron, tracery, fretwork, filigree, reticle; tissue, netting, mokes; rivulation. cross, chain, wreath, braid, cat's cradle, knot; entangle &c. (disorder) . [woven fabrics] cloth, linen, muslin, cambric &c.

V. cross, decussate; intersect, interlace, intertwine, intertwist, interweave, interdigitate, interlink. twine, entwine, weave, inweave, twist, wreathe; anastomose [Med.], inosculate, dovetail, splice, link; lace, tat. mat, plait, plat, braid, felt, twill; tangle, entangle, ravel; net, knot; dishevel, raddle.

Adj. crossing &c. v.; crossed, matted &c., v.. transverse. cross, cruciform, crucial; retiform, reticular, reticulated; areolar, cancellated, grated, barred, streaked; textile; crossbarred, cruciate, palmiped, secant; web-footed.

Adv. cross, thwart, athwart, transversely; at grade [U.S.]; crosswise.

3.

CENTRICAL DIMENSIONS

1. General.

#220. Exteriority — N. exteriority; outside, exterior; surface, superficies; skin &c. (covering) ; superstratum; disk, disc; face, facet; extrados. excentricity; eccentricity; circumjacence &c. .

V. be exterior &c. adj.; lie around &c. . place exteriorly, place outwardly, place outside; put out, turn out.

Adj. exterior, external; outer most; outward, outlying, outside, outdoor; round about &c. ; extramural; extralimitary, extramundane. superficial, skin-deep; frontal, discoid. extraregarding; excentric, eccentric; outstanding; extrinsic &c. ; ecdemic [Med.], exomorphic.

Adv. externally &c. adj.; out, with out, over, outwards, ab extra, out of doors; extra muros [Lat.]. in the open air; sub Jove, sub dio [Lat.]; a la belle etoile [Fr.], al fresco.

#221. Interiority — N. interiority; inside, interior; interspace, subsoil, substratum; intrados. contents &c. ; substance, pith, marrow; backbone &c. (center) ; heart, bosom, breast; abdomen; vitals, viscera, entrails, bowels, belly, intestines, guts, chitterings, womb, lap; penetralia [Lat.], recesses, innermost recesses; cave &c. (concavity) .

V. be inside &c. adj.; within &c. adv.. place within, keep within; inclose &c. (circumscribe) ; intern; imbed &c. (insert) . Adj. interior, internal; inner, inside, inward, intraregarding; inmost, innermost; deep seated, gut; intestine, intestinal; inland; subcutaneous; abdominal, coeliac, endomorphic [Physio.]; interstitial &c. (interjacent) ; inwrought &c. (intrinsic) ; inclosed &c. v.. home, domestic, indoor, intramural, vernacular; endemic.

Adv. internally &c. adj.; inwards, within, in, inly; here in, there in, where in; ab intra, withinside; in doors, within doors; at home, in the bosom of one's family.

#222. Centrality — N. centrality, centricalness, center; middle &c. ; focus &c. . core, kernel; nucleus, nucleolus; heart, pole axis, bull's eye; nave, navel; umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith; vertebra, vertebral column; hotbed; concentration &c. (convergence) ; centralization; symmetry. center of gravity, center of pressure, center of percussion, center of oscillation, center of buoyancy &c.; metacenter.

V. be central &c. adj.; converge &c. . render central, centralize, concentrate; bring to a focus.

Adj. central, centrical; middle &c. ; azygous, axial, focal, umbilical, concentric; middlemost; rachidian; spinal, vertebral. Adv. middle; midst; centrally &c. adj..

#223. Covering — N. covering, cover; baldachin, baldachino, baldaquin; canopy, tilt, awning, tent, marquee, tente d'abri [Fr.], umbrella, parasol, sunshade; veil (shade) ; shield &c. (defense) . roof, ceiling, thatch, tile; pantile, pentile; tiling, slates, slating, leads; barrack [U.S.], plafond, planchment [U.S.], tiling, shed &c. (abode) . top, lid, covercle, door, operculum; bulkhead [U.S.]. bandage, plaster, lint, wrapping, dossil, finger stall. coverlet, counterpane, sheet, quilt, tarpaulin, blanket, rug, drugget; housing; antimacassar, eiderdown, numdah, pillowcase, pillowslip; linoleum; saddle cloth, blanket cloth; tidy; tilpah [U.S.], apishamore [U.S.]. integument, tegument; skin, pellicle, fleece, fell, fur, leather, shagreen, hide; pelt, peltry; cordwain; derm; robe, buffalo robe [U.S.]; cuticle, scarfskin, epidermis. clothing &c. ; mask &c. (concealment) . peel, crust, bark, rind, cortex, husk, shell, coat; eggshell, glume. capsule; sheath, sheathing; pod, cod; casing, case, theca; elytron; elytrum; involucrum [Lat.]; wrapping, wrapper; envelope, vesicle; corn husk, corn shuck [U.S.]; dermatology, conchology; testaceology. inunction; incrustation, superimposition, superposition, obduction; scale &c. (layer) . [specific coverings] veneer, facing; overlay; plate, silver plate, gold plate, copper plate; engobe; ormolu; Sheffield plate; pavement; coating, paint; varnish &c. (resin) 216.1; plating, barrel plating, anointing &c. v.; enamel; epitaxial deposition [Eng.], vapor deposition; ground, whitewash, plaster, spackel, stucco, compo; cerement; ointment &c. (grease) .

V. cover; superpose, superimpose; overlay, overspread; wrap &c. ; encase, incase; face, case, veneer, pave, paper; tip, cap, bind; bulkhead, bulkhead in; clapboard [U.S.]. coat, paint, varnish, pay, incrust, stucco, dab, plaster, tar; wash; besmear, bedaub; anoint, do over; gild, plate, japan, lacquer, lacker, enamel, whitewash; parget; lay it on thick. overlie, overarch; endome; conceal &c. . [of aluminum] anodize. [of steel] galvanize.

Adj. covering &c. v.; superimposed, overlaid, plated &c. v.; cutaneous, dermal, cortical, cuticular, tegumentary, skinny, scaly, squamous [Anat.]; covered &c. v.; imbricated, loricated, armor plated, ironclad; under cover; cowled, cucullate, dermatoid, encuirassed, hooded, squamiferous, tectiform; vaginate.

#224. Lining —

N. lining, inner coating; coating &c. (covering) ; stalactite, stalagmite. filling, stuffing, wadding, padding. wainscot, parietes [Lat.], wall.

V. line, stuff, incrust, wad, pad, fill. Adj. lined &c. v..

#225. Clothing — N. clothing, investment; covering &c. ; dress, raiment, drapery, costume, attire, guise, toilet, toilette, trim; habiliment; vesture, vestment; garment, garb, palliament, apparel, wardrobe, wearing apparel, clothes, things; underclothes. array; tailoring, millinery; finery &c. (ornament) ; full dress &c. (show) ; garniture; theatrical properties. outfit, equipment, trousseau; uniform, regimentals; continentals [U.S.]; canonicals &c. ; livery, gear, harness, turn-out, accouterment, caparison, suit, rigging, trappings, traps, slops, togs, toggery; day wear, night wear, zoot suit; designer clothes; masquerade. dishabille, morning dress, undress. kimono; lungi; shooting-coat; mufti; rags, tatters, old clothes; mourning, weeds; duds; slippers. robe, tunic, paletot, habit, gown, coat, frock, blouse, toga, smock frock, claw coat, hammer coat, Prince Albert coat, sack coat, tuxedo coat, frock coat, dress coat, tail coat. cloak, pall, mantle, mantlet mantua, shawl, pelisse, wrapper; veil; cape, tippet, kirtle, plaid, muffler, comforter, haik, huke, chlamys, mantilla, tabard, housing, horse cloth, burnoose, burnous, roquelaure; houppelande [Fr.]; surcoat, overcoat, great coat; surtout [Fr.], spencer; mackintosh, waterproof, raincoat; ulster, P-coat, dreadnought, wraprascal, poncho, cardinal, pelerine; barbe, chudder, jubbah, oilskins, pajamas, pilot jacket, talma jacket, vest, jerkin, waistcoat, doublet, camisole, gabardine; farthingale, kilt, jupe, crinoline, bustle, panier, skirt, apron, pinafore; bloomer, bloomers; chaqueta, songtag [G.], tablier. pants, trousers, trowsers; breeches, pantaloons, inexpressibles, overalls, smalls, small clothes; shintiyan; shorts, jockey shorts, boxer shorts; tights, drawers, panties, unmentionables; knickers, knickerbockers; philibeg, fillibeg; pants suit; culottes; jeans, blue jeans, dungarees, denims. [brand names for jeans] Levis, Calvin Klein, Calvins, Bonjour, Gloria Vanderbilt. headdress, headgear; chapeau [Fr.], crush hat, opera hat; kaffiyeh; sombrero, jam, tam-o-shanter, tarboosh, topi, sola topi [Lat.], pagri, puggaree; cap, hat, beaver hat, coonskin cap; castor, bonnet, tile, wideawake, billycock, wimple; nightcap, mobcap, skullcap; hood, coif; capote, calash; kerchief, snood, babushka; head, coiffure; crown &c. (circle) ; chignon, pelt, wig, front, peruke, periwig, caftan, turban, fez, shako, csako, busby; kepi, forage cap, bearskin; baseball cap; fishing hat; helmet &c. ; mask, domino. body clothes; linen; hickory shirt [U.S.]; shirt, sark, smock, shift, chemise; night gown, negligee, dressing gown, night shirt; bedgown, sac de nuit [Fr.]. underclothes [underclothing], underpants, undershirt; slip [for women], brassiere, corset, stays, corsage, corset, corselet, bodice, girdle &c. (circle) ; stomacher; petticoat, panties; under waistcoat; jock [for men], athletic supporter, jockstrap. sweater, jersey; cardigan; turtleneck, pullover; sweater vest. neckerchief, neckcloth; tie, ruff, collar, cravat, stock, handkerchief, scarf; bib, tucker; boa; cummerbund, rumal, rabat. shoe, pump, boot, slipper, sandal, galoche, galoshes, patten, clog; sneakers, running shoes, hiking boots; high-low; Blucher boot, wellington boot, Hessian boot, jack boot, top boot; Balmoral; arctics, bootee, bootikin, brogan, chaparajos; chavar, chivarras, chivarros; gums [U.S.], larrigan [U.S.], rubbers, showshoe, stogy, veldtschoen [G.], legging, buskin, greave, galligaskin, gamache, gamashes, moccasin, gambado, gaiter, spatterdash, brogue, antigropelos; stocking, hose, gaskins, trunk hose, sock; hosiery. glove, gauntlet, mitten, cuff, wristband, sleeve. swaddling cloth, baby linen, layette; ice wool; taffeta. pocket handkerchief, hanky, hankie. clothier, tailor, milliner, costumier, sempstress, snip; dressmaker, habitmaker, breechesmaker, shoemaker; Crispin; friseur [Fr.]; cordwainer, cobbler, hosier, hatter; draper, linen draper, haberdasher, mercer. [underpants for babies] diaper, nappy [Brit.]; disposable diaper, cloth diaper; [brand names for diapers], Luvs Huggies.

V. invest; cover &c. ; envelope, lap, involve; inwrap, enwrap; wrap; fold up, wrap up, lap up, muffle up; overlap; sheath, swathe, swaddle, roll up in, circumvest. vest, clothe, array, dress, dight, drape, robe, enrobe, attire, apparel, accounter, rig, fit out; deck &c. (ornament) ; perk, equip, harness, caparison. wear; don; put on, huddle on, slip on; mantle.

Adj. invested &c. v.; habited; dighted; barbed, barded; clad, costume, shod, chausse [Fr.]; en grande tenue [Fr.] &c. (show) . sartorial.

Phr. the soul of this man is his clothes" [All's Well].

#226. Divestment — N. divestment; taking off &c. v.. nudity; bareness &c. adj.; undress; dishabille &c. ; the altogether; nudation, denudation; decortication, depilation, excoriation, desquamation; molting; exfoliation; trichosis [Med.].

V. divest; uncover &c. (cover) &c. ; denude, bare, strip; disfurnish; undress, disrobe &c. (dress, enrobe) &c. ; uncoif; dismantle; put off, take off, cast off; doff; peel, pare, decorticate, excoriate, skin, scalp, flay; expose, lay open; exfoliate, molt, mew; cast the skin. Adj. divested &c. v.; bare, naked, nude; undressed, undraped; denuded; exposed; in dishabille; bald, threadbare, ragged, callow, roofless. in a state of nature, in nature's garb, in the buff, in native buff, in birthday suit; in puris naturalibus [Lat.]; with nothing on, stark naked, stark raving naked [Joc.]; bald as a coot, bare as the back of one's hand; out at elbows; barefoot; bareback, barebacked; leafless, napless, hairless.

#227. Circumjacence — N. circumjacence, circumambience; environment, encompassment; atmosphere, medium, surroundings. outpost; border &c. (edge) ; girdle &c. (circumference) ; outskirts, boulebards, suburbs, purlieus, precincts, faubourgs, environs, entourage, banlieue; neighborhood, vicinage, vicinity.

V. lie around &c. adv.; surround, beset, compass, encompass, environ, inclose, enclose, encircle, embrace, circumvent, lap, gird; belt; begird, engird; skirt, twine round; hem in &c. (circumscribe) .

Adj. circumjacent, circumambient, circumfluent; ambient; surrounding &c. v.; circumferential, suburban.

Adv. around, about; without; on every side; on all sides; right and left, all round, round about.

#228. Interposition — N. interposition, interjacence, intercurrence, intervenience, interlocation, interdigitation, interjection, interpolation, interlineation, interspersion, intercalation. [interposition at a fine-grained level] interpenetration; permeation; infiltration. [interposition by one person in another's affairs, at the intervenor's initiative] intervention, interference; intrusion, obtrusion; insinuation. insertion &c. ; dovetailing; embolism. intermediary, intermedium; go between, bodkin, intruder, interloper; parenthesis, episode, flyleaf. partition, septum, diaphragm; midriff; dissepiment; party wall, panel, room divider. halfway house.

V. lie between, come between, get between; intervene, slide in, interpenetrate, permeate. put between, introduce, import, throw in, wedge in, edge in, jam in, worm in, foist in, run in, plow in, work in; interpose, interject, intercalate, interpolate, interline, interleave, intersperse, interweave, interlard, interdigitate, sandwich in, fit in, squeeze in; let in, dovetail, splice, mortise; insinuate, smuggle; infiltrate, ingrain. interfere, put in an oar, thrust one's nose in; intrude, obtrude; have a finger in the pie; introduce the thin end of the wedge; thrust in &c. (insert) .

Adj. interjacent, intercurrent, intervenient, intervening &c. v., intermediate, intermediary, intercalary, interstitial; embolismal. parenthetical, episodic; mediterranean; intrusive; embosomed; merged.

Adv. between, betwixt; twixt; among, amongst; amid, amidst; mid, midst; in the thick of; betwixt and between; sandwich-wise; parenthetically, obiter dictum.

#229. Circumscription — N. circumscription, limitation, inclosure; confinement &c. (restraint) ; circumvallation; encincture; envelope &c. . container (receptacle) .

V. circumscribe, limit, bound, confine, inclose; surround &c. ; compass about; imprison &c. (restrain) ; hedge in, wall in, rail in; fence round, fence in, hedge round; picket; corral. enfold, bury, encase, incase, pack up, enshrine, inclasp; wrap up &c. (invest) ; embay, embosom. containment (inclusion) . Adj. circumscribed &c. v.; begirt, lapt; buried in, immersed in; embosomed, in the bosom of, imbedded, encysted, mewed up; imprisoned &c. ; landlocked, in a ring fence.

#230. Outline —

N. outline, circumference; perimeter, periphery, ambit, circuit, lines tournure, contour, profile, silhouette; bounds; coast line. zone, belt, girth, band, baldric, zodiac, girdle, tyre [Brit.], cingle, clasp, girt; cordon &c. (inclosure) ; circlet, &c. .

#231. Edge —

N. edge, verge, brink, brow, brim, margin, border, confine, skirt, rim, flange, side, mouth; jaws, chops, chaps, fauces; lip, muzzle. threshold, door, porch; portal &c. (opening) ; coast, shore. frame, fringe, flounce, frill, list, trimming, edging, skirting, hem, selvedge, welt, furbelow, valance, gimp.

Adj. border, marginal, skirting; labial, labiated, marginated.

#232. Inclosure — N. inclosure, envelope; case &c. (receptacle) ; wrapper; girdle &c. . pen, fold; pen fold, in fold, sheep fold; paddock, pound; corral; yard; net, seine net. wall, hedge, hedge row; espalier; fence &c. (defense) ; pale, paling, balustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge, park paling, circumvallation, enceinte, ring fence. barrier, barricade; gate, gateway; bent, dingle [U.S.]; door, hatch, cordon; prison &c. . dike, dyke, ditch, fosse, moat.

V. inclose, circumscribe &c. .

#233. Limit —

N. limit, boundary, bounds, confine, enclave, term, bourn, verge, curbstone, but, pale, reservation; termination, terminus; stint, frontier, precinct, marches; backwoods. boundary line, landmark; line of demarcation, line of circumvallation; pillars of Hercules; Rubicon, turning point; ne plus ultra [Lat.]; sluice, floodgate.

Adj. definite; conterminate, conterminable; terminal, frontier; bordering. Adv. thus far, thus far and no further. Phr. stick to the reservation; go beyond the pale.

2. Special

#234. Front —

N. front; fore, forepart; foreground; face, disk, disc, frontage; facade, proscenium, facia [Lat.], frontispiece; anteriority; obverse (of a medal or coin). fore rank, front rank; van, vanguard; advanced guard; outpost; first line; scout. brow, forehead, visage, physiognomy, phiz, countenance, mut [Slang]; rostrum, beak, bow, stem, prow, prore, jib. pioneer &c. (precursor) ; metoposcopy.

V. be in front, stand in front &c. adj.; front, face, confront; bend forwards; come to the front, come to the fore.

Adj. fore, anterior, front, frontal.

Adv. before; in front, in the van, in advance; ahead, right ahead; forehead, foremost; in the foreground, in the lee of; before one's face, before one's eyes; face to face, vis-a-vis; front a front.

Phr. formosa muta commendatio est [Lat.] [Syrus]; frons est animi janua [Lat.] [Cicero]; Human face divine" [Milton]; imago animi vultus est indices oculi [Lat.] [Cicero]; sea of upturned faces" [Scott].

#235. Rear —

N. rear, back, posteriority; rear rank, rear guard; background, hinterland. occiput [Anat.], nape, chine; heels; tail, rump, croup, buttock, posteriors, backside scut, breech, dorsum, loin; dorsal region, lumbar region; hind quarters; aitchbone; natch, natch bone. stern, poop, afterpart, heelpiece, crupper. wake; train &c. (sequence) . reverse; other side of the shield.

V. be behind &c. adv.; fall astern; bend backwards; bring up the rear.

Adj. back, rear; hind, hinder, hindmost, hindermost; postern, posterior; dorsal, after; caudal, lumbar; mizzen, tergal.

Adv. behind; in the rear, in the background; behind one's back; at the heels of, at the tail of, at the back of; back to back. after, aft, abaft, astern, sternmost, aback, rearward.

Phr. ogni medaglia ha il suo rovescio [It]; the other side of the coin.

#236. Laterality — N. laterality; side, flank, quarter, lee; hand; cheek, jowl, jole, wing; profile; temple, parietes [Lat.], loin, haunch, hip; beam. gable, gable end; broadside; lee side. points of the compass; East, Orient, Levant; West; orientation.

V. be on one side &c. adv.; flank, outflank; sidle; skirt; orientate.

Adj. lateral, sidelong; collateral; parietal, flanking, skirting; flanked; sideling. many sided; multilateral, bilateral, trilateral, quadrilateral. Eastern; orient, oriental; Levantine; Western, occidental, Hesperian.

Adv. sideways, sidelong; broadside on; on one side, abreast, alongside, beside, aside; by the side of; side by side; cheek by jowl &c. (near) ; to windward, to leeward; laterally &c. adj.; right and left; on her beam ends.

Phr. his cheek the may of days outworn" [Shakespeare].

#237. Contraposition — N. contraposition, opposition; polarity; inversion &c. ; opposite side; reverse, inverse; counterpart; antipodes; opposite poles, North and South. antonym, opposite (contrariety) .

V. be opposite &c. adj.; subtend.

Adj. opposite; reverse, inverse; converse, antipodal, subcontrary; fronting, facing, diametrically opposite. Northern, septentrional, Boreal, arctic; Southern, Austral, antarctic.

Adv. over, over the way, over against; against; face to face, vis-a-vis; as poles asunder.

#238. Dextrality — N. dextrality; right, right hand; dexter, offside, starboard.

Adj. dextral, right-handed; dexter, dextrorsal, dextrorse; ambidextral, ambidextrous; dextro-. Adv. dextrad, dextrally.

#239. Sinistrality — N. sinistrality; left, left hand, a gauche; sinister, nearside, larboard, port.

Adj. left-handed; sinister; sinistral, sinistrorsal, sinistrorse, sinistrous; laevo- [Pref.]. Adv. sinistrally, sinistrously.

SECTION III.

FORM

1.

GENERAL FORM

#240. Form —

N. form, figure, shape; conformation, configuration; make, formation, frame, construction, cut, set, build, trim, cut of one's jib; stamp, type, cast, mold; fashion; contour &c. (outline) ; structure &c. ; plasmature. feature, lineament, turn; phase &c. (aspect) ; posture, attitude, pose. [Science of form] morphism. [Similarity of form] isomorphism. forming &c. v.; formation, figuration, efformation; sculpture; plasmation.

V. form, shape, figure, fashion, efform, carve, cut, chisel, hew, cast; rough hew, rough cast; sketch; block out, hammer out; trim; lick into shape, put into shape; model, knead, work up into, set, mold, sculpture; cast, stamp; build &c. (construct) .

Adj. formed &c. v.. [Receiving form] plastic, fictile; formative; fluid. [Giving form] plasmic. [Similar in form] isomorphous. [taking several forms] pleomorphic; protean; changeable, &c. .

#241. [Absence of form.] Amorphism —

N. amorphism, informity; unlicked cub; rudis indigestaque moles [Lat.]; disorder &c. ; deformity &c. . disfigurement, defacement; mutilation; deforming. chaos, randomness (disorder) . [taking form from surroundings] fluid &c. .

V. deface [Destroy form], disfigure, deform, mutilate, truncate; derange &c. ; blemish, mar.

Adj. shapeless, amorphous, formless; unformed, unhewn, unfashioned, unshaped, unshapen; rough, rude, Gothic, barbarous, rugged.

#242. [Regularity of form.] Symmetry —

N. symmetry, shapeliness, finish; beauty &c. ; proportion, eurythmy, uniformity, parallelism; bilateral symmetry, trilateral symmetry, multilateral symmetry; centrality &c. . arborescence, branching, ramification; arbor vitae.

Adj. symmetrical, shapely, well set, finished; beautiful &c. ; classic, chaste, severe. regular, uniform, balanced; equal &c. ; parallel, coextensive. arborescent, arboriform; dendriform, dendroid; branching; ramous, ramose; filiciform, filicoid; subarborescent; papilionaceous. fuji-shaped, fujigata [Jap.].

#243. [Irregularity of form.] Distortion —

N. distortion, detortion, contortion; twist, crookedness &c. (obliquity) ; grimace; deformity; malformation, malconformation; harelip; monstrosity, misproportion, want of symmetry, anamorphosis; ugliness &c. ; talipes; teratology. asymmetry; irregularity.

V. distort, contort, twist, warp, wrest, writhe, make faces, deform, misshape.

Adj. distorted &c. v.; out of shape, irregular, asymmetric, unsymmetric, awry, wry, askew, crooked; not true, not straight; on one side, crump, deformed; harelipped; misshapen, misbegotten; misproportioned, ill proportioned; ill-made; grotesque, monstrous, crooked as a ram's horn; camel backed, hump backed, hunch backed, bunch backed, crook backed; bandy; bandy legged, bow legged; bow kneed, knock kneed; splay footed, club footed; round shouldered; snub nosed; curtailed of one's fair proportions; stumpy &c. (short) ; gaunt &c. (thin) ; bloated &c. ; scalene; simous; taliped, talipedic.

Adv. all manner of ways.

Phr. crooked as a Virginia fence [U.S.].

2.

SPECIAL FORM

#244. Angularity — N. angularity, angularness; aduncity; angle, cusp, bend; fold &c. ; notch &c. ; fork, bifurcation. elbow, knee, knuckle, ankle, groin, crotch, crutch, crane, fluke, scythe, sickle, zigzag, kimbo, akimbo. corner, nook, recess, niche, oriel [Arch.], coign. right angle &c. (perpendicular) 216.1, ; obliquity &c. ; angle of 45 degrees, miter; acute angle, obtuse angle, salient angle, reentering angle, spherical angle. angular measurement, angular elevation, angular distance, angular velocity; trigonometry, goniometry; altimetry; clinometer, graphometer, goniometer; theodolite; sextant, quadrant; dichotomy. triangle, trigon, wedge; rectangle, square, lozenge, diamond; rhomb, rhombus; quadrangle, quadrilateral; parallelogram; quadrature; polygon, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, oxygon, decagon. pyramid, cone. Platonic bodies; cube, rhomboid; tetrahedron, pentahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron, eicosahedron; prism, pyramid; parallelopiped; curb roof, gambrel roof, mansard roof.

V. bend, fork, bifurcate, crinkle. Adj. angular, bent, crooked, aduncous, uncinated, aquiline, jagged, serrated; falciform, falcated; furcated, forked, bifurcate, zigzag; furcular; hooked; dovetailed; knock kneed, crinkled, akimbo, kimbo, geniculated; oblique &c. . fusiform [Micro.], wedge-shaped, cuneiform; cuneate, multangular, oxygonal; triangular, trigonal, trilateral; quadrangular, quadrilateral; foursquare; rectangular, square, multilateral; polygonal &c. n.; cubical, rhomboid, rhomboidal, pyramidal.

#245. Curvature — N. curvature, curvity, curvation; incurvature, incurvity; incurvation; bend; flexure, flexion, flection; conflexure; crook, hook, bought, bending; deflection, deflexion; inflection, inflexion; concameration; arcuation, devexity, turn, deviation, detour, sweep; curl, curling; bough; recurvity, recurvation; sinuosity &c. . kink. carve, arc, arch, arcade, vault, bow, crescent, half-moon, lunule, horseshoe, loop, crane neck; parabola, hyperbola; helix, spiral; catenary, festoon; conchoid, cardioid; caustic; tracery; arched ceiling, arched roof; bay window, bow window. sine curve; spline, spline curve, spline function; obliquity &c. .

V. be curved, &c. adj.; curve, sweep, sway, swag, sag; deviate &c. ; curl, turn; reenter. render curved &c. adj.; flex, bend, curve, incurvate; inflect; deflect, scatter [Phys.]; refract (light) ; crook; turn, round, arch, arcuate, arch over, concamerate; bow, curl, recurve, frizzle. rotundity &c. ; convexity &c. .

Adj. curved &c. v.; curviform, curvilineal, curvilinear; devex, devious; recurved, recurvous; crump; bowed &c. v.; vaulted, hooked; falciform, falcated; semicircular, crescentic; sinusoid [Geom.], parabolic, paraboloid; luniform, lunular; semilunar, conchoidal; helical, double helical, spiral; kinky; cordiform, cordated; cardioid; heart shaped, bell shaped, boat shaped, crescent shaped, lens shaped, moon shaped, oar shaped, shield shaped, sickle shaped, tongue shaped, pear shaped, fig shaped; kidney-shaped, reniform; lentiform, lenticular; bow-legged &c. (distorted) ; oblique &c. ; circular &c. . aduncated, arclike, arcuate, arched, beaked; bicorn, bicornuous, bicornute; clypeate, clypeiform; cymbiform, embowed, galeiform; hamate, hamiform, hamous; hooked; linguiform, lingulate; lobiform, lunate, navicular, peltate, remiform, rhamphoid; rostrate, rostriferous, rostroid; scutate, scaphoid, uncate; unguiculate, unguiform.

#246. Straightness — N. straightness, rectilinearity, directness; inflexibility &c. (stiffness) ; straight line, right line, direct line; short cut.

V. be straight &c. adj.; have no turning; not incline to either side, not bend to either side, not turn to either side, not deviate to either side; go straight; steer for &c. (directions) . render straight, straighten, rectify; set straight, put straight; unbend, unfold, uncurl &c. , unravel &c. , unwrap.

Adj. straight; rectilinear, rectilineal; direct, even, right, true, in a line; unbent, virgate &c. v.; undeviating, unturned, undistorted, unswerving; straight as an arrow &c. (direct) ; inflexible &c. . laser-straight; ramrod-straight.

#247. [Simple circularity.] Circularity —

N. circularity, roundness; rotundity &c. . circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, armlet; ringlet; eye, loop, wheel; cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band; contrate wheel, crown wheel; hub; nave; sash, girdle, cestus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland; crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, snood, necklace, collar; noose, lasso, lassoo. ellipse, oval, ovule; ellipsoid, cycloid; epicycloid [Geom.], epicycle; semicircle; quadrant, sextant, sector. sphere &c. .

V. make round &c. adj.; round. go round; encircle &c. ; describe a circle &c. . Adj. round, rounded, circular, annular, orbicular; oval, ovate; elliptic, elliptical; egg-shaped; pear-shaped &c. ; cycloidal &c. n.; spherical &c. .

Phr. I watched the little circles die" [Tennyson].

#248. [Complex curvature.] Convolution —

N. winding &c. v.; convolution, involution, circumvolution; wave, undulation, tortuosity, anfractuosity; sinuosity, sinuation; meandering, circuit, circumbendibus, twist, twirl, windings and turnings, ambages; torsion; inosculation; reticulation &c. (crossing) ; rivulation; roughness &c. . coil, roll, curl; buckle, spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute, rundle; tendril; scollop, scallop, escalop; kink; ammonite, snakestone. serpent, eel, maze, labyrinth. knot.

V. be convoluted &c. adj.; wind, twine, turn and twist, twirl; wave, undulate, meander; inosculate; entwine, intwine; twist, coil, roll; wrinkle, curl, crisp, twill; frizzle; crimp, crape, indent, scollop, scallop, wring, intort; contort; wreathe &c. (cross) .

Adj. convoluted; winding, twisted &c. v.; tortile, tortive; wavy; undated, undulatory; circling, snaky, snake-like, serpentine; serpent, anguill, vermiform; vermicular; mazy, tortuous, sinuous, flexuous, anfractuous, reclivate, rivulose, scolecoid; sigmoid, sigmoidal [Geom.]; spiriferous, spiroid; involved, intricate, complicated, perplexed; labyrinth, labyrinthic, labyrinthian, labyrinthine; peristaltic; daedalian; kinky, knotted. wreathy, frizzly, crepe, buckled; raveled &c. (in disorder) . spiral, coiled, helical; cochleate, cochleous; screw-shaped; turbinated, turbiniform.

Adv. in and out, round and round; a can of worms; Gordian knot.

#249. Rotundity — N. rotundity; roundness &c. adj.; cylindricity; sphericity, spheroidity; globosity. cylinder, cylindroid, cylindrical; barrel, drum; roll, roller; rouleau, column, rolling-pin, rundle. cone, conoid; pear shape, egg shape, bell shape. sphere, globe, ball, boulder, bowlder; spheroid, ellipsoid; oblong spheroid; oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid; drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet, pelote, clew, pill, marble, pea, knob, pommel, horn; knot (convolution) . curved surface, hypersphere; hyperdimensional surface.

V. render spherical &c. adj.; form into a sphere, sphere, roll into a ball; give rotundity &c. n.; round.

Adj. rotund; round &c. (circular) ; cylindric, cylindrical, cylindroid; columnar, lumbriciform; conic, conical; spherical, spheroidal; globular, globated, globous, globose; egg shaped, bell shaped, pear shaped; ovoid, oviform; gibbous; rixiform; campaniform, campanulate, campaniliform; fungiform, bead-like, moniliform, pyriform, bulbous; tres atque rotundus [Lat.]; round as an orange, round as an apple, round as a ball, round as a billiard ball, round as a cannon ball.

3.

SUPERFICIAL FORM

#250. Convexity — N. convexity, prominence, projection, swelling, gibbosity, bilge, bulge, protuberance, protrusion; camber, cahot [U.S.]. thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.]. swell. intumescence; tumour [Brit.], tumor; tubercle, tuberosity [Anat.]; excrescence; hump, hunch, bunch. boss, embossment, hub, hubble; [convex body parts] tooth [U.S.], knob, elbow, process, apophysis, condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity, tongue, dorsum, bump, clump; sugar loaf &c. (sharpness) ; bow; mamelon; molar; belly, corporation, pot belly, gut [Coll.]; withers, back, shoulder, lip, flange. [convexities on skin] pimple, zit [Slang]; wen, wheel, papula [Med.], pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, caruncle, corn, wart, pappiloma, furuncle, polypus, fungus, fungosity, exostosis, bleb, blister, blain; boil &c. (disease) ; airbubble, blob, papule, verruca. [convex body parts on chest] papilla, nipple, teat, tit [Vulg.], titty [Vulg.], boob [Vulg.], knocker [Vulg.], pap, breast, dug, mammilla. [prominent convexity on the face] proboscis, nose, neb, beak, snout, nozzle, schnoz [Coll.]. peg, button, stud, ridge, rib, jutty, trunnion, snag. cupola, dome, arch, balcony, eaves; pilaster. relief, relievo [It], cameo; bassorilievo, mezzorilevo, altorivievo; low relief, bas relief [Fr.], high relief. hill &c. (height) ; cape, promontory, mull; forehead, foreland; point of land, mole, jetty, hummock, ledge, spur; naze, ness.

V. be prominent &c. adj.; project, bulge, protrude, pout, bouge [Fr.], bunch; jut out, stand out, stick out, poke out; stick up, bristle up, start up, cock up, shoot up; swell over, hang over, bend over; beetle. render prominent &c. adj.; raise ; emboss, chase. [become convex] belly out.

Adj. convex, prominent, protuberant, projecting &c. v.; bossed, embossed, bossy, nodular, bunchy; clavate, clavated, claviform; hummocky, moutonne, mammiliform; papulous, papilose; hemispheric, bulbous; bowed, arched; bold; bellied; tuberous, tuberculous; tumous; cornute, odontoid; lentiform, lenticular; gibbous; club shaped, hubby [U.S.], hubbly [U.S.], knobby, papillose, saddle-shaped, selliform, subclavate, torose, ventricose, verrucose. salient, in relief, raised, repousse; bloated &c., (expanded) .

#251. Flatness — N. flatness &c. adj.; smoothness &c. . plane; level &c. ; plate, platter, table, tablet, slab.

V. render flat, flatten; level &c. .

Adj. flat, plane, even, flush, scutiform, discoid; level &c. (horizontal) ; flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke, flat as a flounder, flat as a board, flat as my hand.

#252. Concavity — N. concavity, depression, dip; hollow, hollowness; indentation, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple, follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus, lacuna; excavation, strip mine; trough &c. (furrow) ; honeycomb. cup, basin, crater, punch bowl; cell &c. (receptacle) ; socket. valley, vale, dale, dell, dingle, combe, bottom, slade, strath, glade, grove, glen, cave, cavern, cove; grot, grotto; alcove, cul-de-sac; gully &c. ; arch &c. (curve) ; bay &c. (of the sea) . excavator, sapper, miner. honeycomb (sponge) 252.1.

V. be concave &c. adj.; retire, cave in. render concave &c. adj.; depress, hollow; scoop, scoop out; gouge, gouge out, dig, delve, excavate, dent, dint, mine, sap, undermine, burrow, tunnel, stave in. Adj. depressed &c. v.; alveolate, calathiform, cup-shaped, dishing; favaginous, faveolate, favose; scyphiform, scyphose; concave, hollow, stove in; retiring; retreating; cavernous; porous &c. (with holes) ; infundibul, infundibular, infundibuliform; funnel shaped, bell shaped; campaniform, capsular; vaulted, arched.

#252a Sponge — N. sponge, honeycomb, network; frit [Chem], filter. sieve, net, screen (opening) .

Adj. cellular, spongy, spongious; honeycombed, alveolar; sintered; porous (opening) .

#253. Sharpness — N. sharpness &c. adj.; acuity, acumination; spinosity. point, spike, spine, spicule [Biol.], spiculum; needle, hypodermic needle, tack, nail, pin; prick, prickle; spur, rowel, barb; spit, cusp; horn, antler; snag; tag thorn, bristle; Adam's needle, bear grass [U.S.], tine, yucca. nib, tooth, tusk; spoke, cog, ratchet. crag, crest, arete [Fr.], cone peak, sugar loaf, pike, aiguille; spire, pyramid, steeple. beard, chevaux de frise [Fr.], porcupine, hedgehog, brier, bramble, thistle; comb; awn, beggar's lice, bur, burr, catchweed, cleavers, clivers, goose, grass, hairif, hariff, flax comb, hackle, hatchel, heckle. wedge; knife edge, cutting edge; blade, edge tool, cutlery, knife, penknife, whittle, razor, razor blade, safety razor, straight razor, electric razor; scalpel; bistoury, lancet; plowshare, coulter, colter; hatchet, ax, pickax, mattock, pick, adze, gill; billhook, cleaver, cutter; scythe, sickle; scissors, shears, pruning shears, cutters, wire cutters, nail clipper, paper cutter; sword &c. (arms) ; bodkin &c. (perforator) ; belduque, bowie knife, paring knife; bushwhacker [U.S.]; drawing knife, drawing shave; microtome [Micro.]; chisel, screwdriver blade; flint blade; guillotine. sharpener, hone, strop; grindstone, whetstone; novaculite; steel, emery.

V. be sharp &c. adj.; taper to a point; bristle with. render sharp &c. adj.; sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb, spiculate, set, strop, grind; chip (flint). cut &c. (sunder) .

Adj. sharp, keen; acute; acicular, aciform; aculeated, acuminated; pointed; tapering; conical, pyramidal; mucronate, mucronated; spindle shaped, needle shaped; spiked, spiky, ensiform, peaked, salient; cusped, cuspidate, cuspidated; cornute, cornuted, cornicultate; prickly; spiny, spinous, spicular; thorny, bristling, muricated, pectinated, studded, thistly, briary; craggy &c. (rough) ; snaggy, digitated, two-edged, fusiform [Micro.]; dentiform, denticulated; toothed; odontoid; starlike; stellated, stelliform; sagittate, sagittiform; arrowheaded; arrowy, barbed, spurred. acinaciform; apiculate, apiculated; aristate, awned, awny, bearded, calamiform, cone-shaped, coniform, crestate, echinate, gladiate; lanceolate, lanciform; awl, awl-shaped, lance-shaped, awl-shaped, scimitar-shaped, sword-shaped; setarious, spinuliferous, subulate, tetrahedral, xiphoid. cutting; sharp edged, knife edged; sharp as a razor, keen as a razor; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; sharpened &c. v.; set

#254. Bluntness — N. bluntness &c. adj..

V. be blunt, render blunt &c. adj.; obtund, dull; take off the point, take off the edge; turn.

Adj. blunt, obtuse, dull, bluff; edentate, toothless.

#255. Smoothness — N. smoothness &c. adj.; polish, gloss; lubricity, lubrication. [smooth materials] down, velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen, velour, velours, velumen; glass, ice. slide; bowling green &c. (level) ; asphalt, wood pavement, flagstone, flags. [objects used to smooth other objects] roller, steam roller, lawn roller, rolling pin, rolling mill; sand paper, emery paper, emery cloth, sander; flat iron, sad iron; burnisher, turpentine and beeswax; polish, shoe polish. [art of cutting and polishing gemstones] lapidary. [person who polishes gemstones] lapidary, lapidarian.

V. smooth, smoothen; plane; file; mow, shave; level, roll; macadamize; polish, burnish, calender, glaze; iron, hot-press, mangle; lubricate &c. (oil) . Adj. smooth; polished &c. v.; leiodermatous, slick, velutinous; even; level &c. ; plane &c. (flat) ; sleek, glossy; silken, silky; lanate, downy, velvety; glabrous, slippery, glassy, lubricous, oily, soft, unwrinkled; smooth as glass, smooth as ice, smooth as monumental alabaster, smooth as velvet, smooth as oil; slippery as an eel; woolly &c. (feathery) .

Phr. smooth as silk; slippery as coonshit on a pump handle; slippery as a greased pig.

#256. Roughness — N. roughness &c. adj.; tooth, grain, texture, ripple; asperity, rugosity, salebrosity, corrugation, nodosity; arborescence &c. ; pilosity. brush, hair, beard, shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress, lock, curl, ringlet; fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi; lovelock; beaucatcher; curl paper; goatee; papillote, scalp lock. plumage, plumosity; plume, panache, crest; feather, tuft, fringe, toupee. wool, velvet, plush, nap, pile, floss, fur, down; byssus, moss, bur; fluff. knot (convolution) .

V. be rough &c. adj.; go against the grain. render-rough &c. adj.; roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set on edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple.

Adj. rough, uneven, scabrous, scaly, knotted; rugged, rugose, rugous; knurly; asperous, crisp, salebrous, gnarled, unpolished, unsmooth, roughhewn; craggy, cragged; crankling, scraggy; prickly &c. (sharp) ; arborescent &c. ; leafy, well-wooded; feathery; plumose, plumigerous; laciniate, laciniform, laciniose; pappose; pileous, pilose; trichogenous, trichoid [Med.]; tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated, filamentous, hirsute; crinose, crinite; bushy, hispid, villous, pappous, bearded, pilous, shaggy, shagged; fringed, befringed; setous, setose, setaceous; like quills upon the fretful porcupine" [Hamlet]; rough as a nutmeg grater, rough as a bear. downy, velvety, flocculent, woolly; lanate, lanated; lanuginous, lanuginose; tomentose; fluffy.

Adv. against the grain.

Phr. cabello luengo y corto el seso [Sp.].

#257. Notch —

N. notch, dent, nick, cut; indent, indentation; dimple. embrasure, battlement, machicolation; saw, tooth, crenelle, scallop, scollop, vandyke; depression; jag.

V. notch, nick, cut, dent, indent, jag, scarify, scotch, crimp, scallop, scollop, crenulate, vandyke.

Adj. notched &c. v.; crenate, crenated; dentate, dentated; denticulate, denticulated; toothed, palmated, serrated.

#258. Fold —

N. fold, plicature, plait, pleat, ply, crease; tuck, gather; flexion, flexure, joint, elbow, double, doubling, duplicature, gather, wrinkle, rimple, crinkle, crankle, crumple, rumple, rivel, ruck, ruffle, dog's ear, corrugation, frounce, flounce, lapel; pucker, crow's feet; plication.

V. fold, double, plicate, plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, crankle, curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple, rumple, flute, frizzle, frounce, rivel, twill, corrugate, ruffle, crimple, crumple, pucker; turn down, double down, down under; tuck, ruck, hem, gather.

Adj. folded, fluted, pleated &c. v..

#259. Furrow —

N. furrow, groove, rut, sulcus [Anat.], scratch, streak, striae, crack, score, incision, slit; chamfer, fluting; corduroy road, cradle hole. channel, gutter, trench, ditch, dike, dyke; moat, fosse, trough, kennel; ravine &c. (interval) ; tajo [U.S.], thank-ye-ma'am [U.S.].

V. furrow &c. n.; flute, plow; incise, engrave, etch, bite in.

Adj. furrowed &c. v.; ribbed, striated, sulcated [Anat.], fluted, canaliculated; bisulcous, bisulcate, bisulcated; canaliferous; trisulcate; corduroy; unisulcate; costate, rimiform.

#260. Opening —

N. hole, foramen; puncture, perforation; fontanel; transforation; pinhole, keyhole, loophole, porthole, peephole, mousehole, pigeonhole; eye of a needle; eyelet; slot. opening; aperture, apertness; hiation, yawning, oscitancy, dehiscence, patefaction, pandiculation; chasm &c. (interval) . embrasure, window, casement; abatjour; light; sky light, fan light; lattice; bay window, bow window; oriel [Arch.]; dormer, lantern. outlet, inlet; vent, vomitory; embouchure; orifice, mouth, sucker, muzzle, throat, gullet, weasand, wizen, nozzle; placket. portal, porch, gate, ostiary, postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door; arcade; cellarway, driveway, gateway, doorway, hatchway, gangway; lich gate. way, path &c. ; thoroughfare; channel; passage, passageway; tube, pipe; water pipe &c. ; air pipe &c. ; vessel, tubule, canal, gut, fistula; adjutage, ajutage; ostium; smokestack; chimney, flue, tap, funnel, gully, tunnel, main; mine, pit, adit, shaft; gallery. alley, aisle, glade, vista. bore, caliber; pore; blind orifice; fulgurite, thundertube. porousness, porosity. sieve, cullender, colander; cribble, riddle, screen; honeycomb. apertion, perforation; piercing &c. v.; terebration, empalement, pertusion, puncture, acupuncture, penetration. key &c. , opener, master key, password, combination, passe-partout.

V. open, ope, gape, yawn, bilge; fly open. perforate, pierce, empierce, tap, bore, drill; mine &c. (scoop out) ; tunnel; transpierce, transfix; enfilade, impale, spike, spear, gore, spit, stab, pink, puncture, lance, stick, prick, riddle, punch; stave in. cut a passage through; make way for, make room for. uncover, unclose, unrip; lay open, cut open, rip open, throw open, pop open, blow open, pry open, tear open, pull open.

Adj. open; perforated &c. v.; perforate; wide open, ajar, unclosed, unstopped; oscitant, gaping, yawning; patent. tubular, cannular, fistulous; pervious, permeable; foraminous; vesicular, vasicular; porous, follicular, cribriform, honeycombed, infundibular, riddled; tubulous, tubulated; piped, tubate. opening &c. v.; aperient.

Int. open sesame!,

#261. Closure —

N. closure, occlusion, blockade; shutting up &c. v.; obstruction &c. (hindrance) ; embolus; contraction &c. ; infarction; constipation, obstipation; blind alley, blind corner; keddah; cul-de-sac, caecum; imperforation, imperviousness &c. adj.; impermeability; stopper &c. .

V. close, occlude, plug; block up, stop up, fill up, bung up, cork up, button up, stuff up, shut up, dam up; blockade, obstruct &c. (hinder) ; bar, bolt, stop, seal, plumb; choke, throttle; ram down, dam, cram; trap, clinch; put to the door, shut the door.

Adj. closed &c. v.; shut, operculated; unopened. unpierced, imporous, caecal [Med.]; closable; imperforate, impervious, impermeable; impenetrable; impassable, unpassable; invious; pathless, wayless; untrodden, untrod. unventilated; air tight, water tight; hermetically sealed; tight, snug.

#262. Perforator — N. perforator, piercer, borer, auger, chisel, gimlet, stylet, drill, wimble, awl, bradawl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trocar [Med.], trepan, probe, bodkin, needle, stiletto, rimer, warder, lancet; punch, puncheon; spikebit, gouge; spear &c. (weapon) ; puncher; punching machine, punching press; punch pliers.

#263. Stopper —

N. stopper, stopple; plug, cork, bung, spike, spill, stopcock, tap; rammer; ram, ramrod; piston; stop-gap; wadding, stuffing, padding, stopping, dossil, pledget, tompion, tourniquet. cover &c. ; valve, vent peg, spigot, slide valve. janitor, doorkeeper, porter, warder, beadle, cerberus, ostiary.

SECTION IV.

MOTION

1.

MOTION IN GENERAL

#264. [Successive change of place.] Motion —

N. motion, movement, move; going &c. v.; unrest. stream, flow, flux, run, course, stir; evolution; kinematics; telekinesis. step, rate, pace, tread, stride, gait, port, footfall, cadence, carriage, velocity, angular velocity; clip, progress, locomotion; journey &c. ; voyage &c. ; transit &c. . restlessness &c. (changeableness) ; mobility; movableness, motive power; laws of motion; mobilization.

V. be in motion &c. adj.; move, go, hie, gang, budge, stir, pass, flit; hover about, hover round, hover about; shift, slide, glide; roll, roll on; flow, stream, run, drift, sweep along; wander &c. (deviate) ; walk &c. ; change one's place, shift one's place, change one's quarters, shift one's quarters; dodge; keep going, keep moving; put in motion, set in motion; move; impel &c. ; propel &c. ; render movable, mobilize.

Adj. moving &c. v.; in motion; transitional; motory, motive; shifting, movable, mobile, mercurial, unquiet; restless &c. (changeable) ; nomadic &c. ; erratic &c. . Adv. under way; on the move, on the wing, on the tramp, on the march.

Phr. eppur si muove [Galileo]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille [G.], sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt [G.].

#265. Quiescence — N. rest; stillness &c. adj.; quiescence; stagnation, stagnancy; fixity, immobility, catalepsy; indisturbance; quietism. quiet, tranquility, calm; repose &c. ; peace; dead calm, anticyclone; statue-like repose; silence &c. ; not a breath of air, not a mouse stirring; sleep &c. (inactivity) . pause, lull &c. (cessation) ; stand still; standing still &c. v.; lock; dead lock, dead stop, dead stand; full stop; fix; embargo. resting place; gite [Fr.]; bivouac; home &c. (abode) ; pillow &c. (support) ; haven &c. (refuge) ; goal &c. (arrival) .

V. be quiescent &c. adj.; stand still, lie still; keep quiet, repose, hold the breath. remain, stay; stand, lie to, ride at anchor, remain in situ, tarry, mark time; bring to, heave to, lay to; pull up, draw up; hold, halt; stop, stop short; rest, pause, anchor; cast to an anchor, come to an anchor; rest on one's oars; repose on one's laurels, take breath; stop &c. (discontinue) . stagnate; quieta non movere [Lat.]; let alone; abide, rest and be thankful; keep within doors, stay at home, go to bed. dwell &c. (be present) ; settle &c. (be located) ; alight &c. (arrive) ; stick, stick fast; stand like a post; not stir a peg, not stir a step; be at a stand &c. n.. quell, becalm, hush, stay, lull to sleep, lay an embargo on. Adj. quiescent, still; motionless, moveless; fixed; stationary; immotile; at rest at a stand, at a standstill, at anchor; stock, still; standing still &c. v.; sedentary, untraveled, stay-at-home; becalmed, stagnant, quiet; unmoved, undisturbed, unruffled; calm, restful; cataleptic; immovable &c. (stable) ; sleeping &c. (inactive) ; silent &c. ; still as a statue, still as a post, still as a mouse, still as death; vegetative, vegetating.

Adv. at a stand &c. adj.; tout court; at the halt. Int. stop!, stay!, avast!, halt!, hold hard!, whoa!, hold!, sabr karo! .

Phr. requiescat in pace [Lat.]; Deus nobis haec otia fecit [Lat.] [Vergil]; the noonday quiet holds the hill" [Tennyson].

#266. [Locomotion by land.] Journey —

N. travel; traveling &c. v.. wayfaring, campaigning. journey, excursion, expedition, tour, trip, grand tour, circuit, peregrination, discursion, ramble, pilgrimage, hajj, trek, course, ambulation, march, walk, promenade, constitutional, stroll, saunter, tramp, jog trot, turn, stalk, perambulation; noctambulation, noctambulism; somnambulism; outing, ride, drive, airing, jaunt. equitation, horsemanship, riding, manege [Fr.], ride and tie; basophobia. roving, vagrancy, pererration; marching and countermarching; nomadism; vagabondism, vagabondage; hoboism [U.S.]; gadding; flit, flitting, migration; emigration, immigration, demigration, intermigration; wanderlust. plan, itinerary, guide; handbook, guidebook, road book; Baedeker, Bradshaw, Murray; map, road map, transportation guide, subway map. procession, cavalcade, caravan, file, cortege, column. [Organs and instruments of locomotion] vehicle &c. ; automobile, train, bus, airplane, plane, autobus, omnibus, subway, motorbike, dirt bike, off-road vehicle, van, minivan, motor scooter, trolley, locomotive; legs, feet, pegs, pins, trotters. traveler &c. . depot [U.S.], railway station, station.

V. travel, journey, course; take a journey, go a journey; take a walk, go out for walk &c. n.; have a run; take the air. flit, take wing; migrate, emigrate; trek; rove, prowl, roam, range, patrol, pace up and down, traverse; scour the country, traverse the country; peragrate; circumambulate, perambulate; nomadize, wander, ramble, stroll, saunter, hover, go one's rounds, straggle; gad, gad about; expatiate. walk, march, step, tread, pace, plod, wend, go by shank's mare; promenade; trudge, tramp; stalk, stride, straddle, strut, foot it, hoof it, stump, bundle, bowl along, toddle; paddle; tread a path. take horse, ride, drive, trot, amble, canter, prance, fisk, frisk, caracoler, caracole; gallop &c. (move quickly) . [start riding] embark, board, set out, hit the road, get going, get underway. peg on, jog on, wag on, shuffle on; stir one's stumps; bend one's steps, bend one's course; make one's way, find one's way, wend one's way, pick one's way, pick one's way, thread one's way, plow one's way; slide, glide, coast, skim, skate; march in procession, file on, defile. go to, repair to, resort to, hie to, betake oneself to. Adj. traveling &c. v.; ambulatory, itinerant, peripatetic, roving, rambling, gadding, discursive, vagrant, migratory, monadic; circumforanean, circumforaneous; noctivagrant, mundivagrant; locomotive. wayfaring, wayworn; travel-stained. Adv. on foot, on horseback, on Shanks's mare; by the Marrowbone stage; in transitu [Lat.] &c. ; en route &c. .

Int. come along!,

#267. [Locomotion by water, or air.] Navigation —

N. navigation; aquatics; boating, yachting; ship &c. ; oar, paddle, screw, sail, canvas, aileron. natation, swimming; fin, flipper, fish's tail. aerostation, aerostatics, aeronautics; balloonery; balloon &c. ; ballooning, aviation, airmanship; flying, flight, volitation; wing, pinion; rocketry, space travel, astronautics, orbital mechanics, orbiting. voyage, sail, cruise, passage, circumnavigation, periplus; headway, sternway, leeway; fairway. mariner &c. . flight, trip; shuttle, run, airlift.

V. sail; put to sea &c. (depart) ; take ship, get under way; set sail, spread sail, spread canvas; gather way, have way on; make sail, carry sail; plow the waves, plow the deep, plow the main, plow the ocean; walk the waters. navigate, warp, luff, scud, boom, kedge; drift, course, cruise, coast; hug the shore, hug the land; circumnavigate. ply the oar, row, paddle, pull, scull, punt, steam. swim, float; buffet the waves, ride the storm, skim, effleurer [Fr.], dive, wade. fly, be wafted, hover, soar, flutter, jet, orbit, rocket; take wing, take a flight, take off, ascend, blast off, land, alight; wing one's flight, wing one's way; aviate; parachute, jump, glide. Adj. sailing &c. v.; volant, aerostatic; seafaring, nautical, maritime, naval; seagoing, coasting; afloat; navigable; aerial, aeronautic; grallatory.

Adv. under way, under sail, under canvas, under steam; on the wing, in flight, in orbit.

Phr. bon voyage; spread the thin oar and catch the driving spread the thin oar and catch the driving gale" [Pope].

#268. Traveler — N. traveler, wayfarer, voyager, itinerant, passenger, commuter. tourist, excursionist, explorer, adventurer, mountaineer, hiker, backpacker, Alpine Club; peregrinator, wanderer, rover, straggler, rambler; bird of passage; gadabout, gadling; vagrant, scatterling, landloper, waifs and estrays, wastrel, foundling; loafer; tramp, tramper; vagabond, nomad, Bohemian, gypsy, Arab, Wandering Jew, Hadji, pilgrim, palmer; peripatetic; somnambulist, emigrant, fugitive, refugee; beach comber, booly; globegirdler, globetrotter; vagrant, hobo [U.S.], night walker, sleep walker; noctambulist, runabout, straphanger, swagman, swagsman [Austral.]; trecker, trekker, zingano, zingaro. runner, courier; Mercury, Iris, Ariel, comet. pedestrian, walker, foot passenger; cyclist; wheelman. rider, horseman, equestrian, cavalier, jockey, roughrider, trainer, breaker. driver, coachman, whip, Jehu, charioteer, postilion, postboy, carter, wagoner, drayman; cabman, cabdriver; voiturier, vetturino, condottiere; engine driver; stoker, fireman, guard; chauffeur, conductor, engineer, gharry-wallah, gari-wala, hackman, syce, truckman.

Phr. on the road

#269. Mariner —

N. sailor, mariner, navigator; seaman, seafarer, seafaring man; dock walloper [Slang]; tar, jack tar, salt, able seaman, A. B.; man-of-war's man, bluejacket, galiongee, galionji, marine, jolly, midshipman, middy; skipper; shipman, boatman, ferryman, waterman, lighterman, bargeman, longshoreman; bargee, gondolier; oar, oarsman; rower; boatswain, cockswain; coxswain; steersman, pilot; crew. aerial navigator, aeronaut, balloonist, Icarus; aeroplanist, airman, aviator, birdman, man-bird, wizard of the air, aviatrix, flier, pilot, test pilot, glider pilot, bush pilot, navigator, flight attendant, steward, stewardess, crew; astronaut, cosmonaut; parachutist, paratrooper.

#270. Transference — N. transfer, transference; translocation, elocation; displacement; metastasis, metathesis; removal; remotion, amotion; relegation; deportation, asportation; extradition, conveyance, draft, carrying, carriage; convection, conduction, contagion; transfer &c. (of property) . transit, transition; passage, ferry, gestation; portage, porterage, carting, cartage; shoveling &c. v.; vection, vecture, vectitation; shipment, freight, wafture; transmission, transport, transportation, importation, exportation, transumption, transplantation, translation; shifting, dodging; dispersion &c. ; transposition &c. (interchange) ; traction &c. . [Thing transferred] drift.

V. transfer, transmit, transport, transplace, transplant, translocate; convey, carry, bear, fetch and carry; carry over, ferry over; hand pass, forward; shift; conduct, convoy, bring, fetch, reach; tote [U.S.]; port, import, export. send, delegate, consign, relegate, turn over to, deliver; ship, embark; waft; shunt; transpose &c. (interchange) ; displace &c. ; throw &c. ; drag &c. ; mail, post. shovel, ladle, decant, draft off, transfuse, infuse, siphon.

Adj. transferred &c. v.; drifted, movable; portable, portative; mailable [U.S.]; contagious. Adv. from hand to hand, from pillar to post. on the way, by the way; on the road, on the wing, under way, in transit, on course; as one goes; in transitu [Lat.], en route, chemin faisant [Fr.], en passant [Fr.], in mid progress, in mid course.

#271. Carrier —

N. carrier, porter, bearer, tranter, conveyer; cargador; express, expressman; stevedore, coolie; conductor, locomotive, motor. beast, beast of burden, cattle, horse, nag, palfrey, Arab, blood horse, thoroughbred, galloway, charger, courser, racer, hunter, jument, pony, filly, colt, foal, barb, roan, jade, hack, bidet, pad, cob, tit, punch, roadster, goer; racehorse, pack horse, draft horse, cart horse, dray horse, post horse; ketch; Shetland pony, shelty, sheltie; garran, garron; jennet, genet, bayard, mare, stallion, gelding; bronco, broncho, cayuse [U.S.]; creature, critter [U.S.]; cow pony, mustang, Narraganset, waler; stud. Pegasus, Bucephalus, Rocinante. ass, donkey, jackass, mule, hinny; sumpter horse, sumpter mule; burro, cuddy, ladino [U.S.]; reindeer; camel, dromedary, llama, elephant; carrier pigeon. [object used for carrying] pallet, brace, cart, dolley; support &c. ; fork lift. carriage &c. (vehicle) ; ship &c. .

Adj. equine, asinine.

#272. Vehicle —

N. vehicle, conveyance, carriage, caravan, van; common carrier; wagon, waggon, wain, dray, cart, lorry. truck, tram; cariole, carriole; limber, tumbrel, pontoon; barrow; wheel barrow, hand barrow; perambulator; Bath chair, wheel chair, sedan chair; chaise; palankeen, palanquin; litter, brancard, crate, hurdle, stretcher, ambulance; black Maria; conestoga wagon, conestoga wain; jinrikisha, ricksha, brett, dearborn [U.S.], dump cart, hack, hackery, jigger, kittereen, mailstate, manomotor, rig, rockaway, prairie schooner [U.S.], shay, sloven, team, tonga, wheel; hobbyhorse, go-cart; cycle; bicycle, bike, two-wheeler; tricycle, velocipede, quadricycle. equipage, turn-out; coach, chariot, phaeton, break, mail phaeton, wagonette, drag, curricle, tilbury, whisky, landau, barouche, victoria, brougham, clarence, calash, caleche [Fr.], britzka, araba, kibitka; berlin; sulky, desobligeant [Fr.], sociable, vis-a-vis, dormeuse [Fr.]; jaunting car, outside car; dandi; doolie, dooly; munchil, palki; roller skates, skate; runabout; ski; tonjon; vettura. post chaise, diligence, stage; stage coach, mail coach, hackney coach, glass coach; stage wagon, car, omnibus, fly, cabriolet, cab, hansom, shofle, four-wheeler, growler, droshki, drosky. dogcart, trap, whitechapel, buggy, four-in-hand, unicorn, random, tandem; shandredhan, char-a-bancs [Fr.]. motor car, automobile, limousine, car, auto, jalopy, clunker, lemon, flivver, coupe, sedan, two-door sedan, four-door sedan, luxury sedan; wheels [Coll.], sports car, roadster, gran turismo [It], jeep, four-wheel drive vehicle, electric car, steamer; golf cart, electric wagon; taxicab, cab, taxicoach, checker cab, yellow cab; station wagon, family car; motorcycle, motor bike, side car; van, minivan, bus, minibus, microbus; truck, wagon, pick-up wagon, pick-up, tractor-trailer, road train, articulated vehicle; racing car, racer, hot rod, stock car, souped-up car. bob, bobsled, bobsleigh; cutter; double ripper, double runner [U.S.]; jumper, sled, sledge, sleigh, toboggan. train; accommodation train, passenger train, express trail, special train, corridor train, parliamentary train, luggage train, freight train, goods train; 1st class train, 2nd class train, 3rd class train, 1st class carriage, 2nd class carriage, 3rd class carriage, 1st class compartment, 2nd class compartment, 3rd class compartment; rolling stock; horse box, cattle truck; baggage car, express car, freight car, parlor car, dining car, Pullman car, sleeping car, sleeper, dome car; surface car, tram car, trolley car; box car, box wagon; horse car [U.S.]; bullet train, shinkansen [Jap.], cannonball, the Wabash cannonball, lightning express; luggage van; mail, mail car, mail van. shovel, spool, spatula, ladle, hod, hoe; spade, spaddle, loy; spud; pitchfork; post hole digger. [powered construction vehicles] tractor, steamshovel, backhoe, fork lift, earth mover, dump truck, bulldozer, grader, caterpillar, trench digger, steamroller; pile driver; crane, wrecking crane.

#273. Ship —

N. ship, vessel, sail; craft, bottom. navy, marine, fleet, flotilla; shipping. man of war &c. (combatant) ; transport, tender, storeship; merchant ship, merchantman; packet, liner; whaler, slaver, collier, coaster, lighter; fishing boat, pilot boat; trawler, hulk; yacht; baggala; floating hotel, floating palace; ocean greyhound. ship, bark, barque, brig, snow, hermaphrodite brig; brigantine, barkantine; schooner; topsail schooner, for and aft schooner, three masted schooner; chasse-maree [Fr.]; sloop, cutter, corvette, clipper, foist, yawl, dandy, ketch, smack, lugger, barge, hoy, cat, buss; sailer, sailing vessel; windjammer; steamer, steamboat, steamship, liner, ocean liner, cruisp, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, blow, bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack, whack; hit hard, strike hard; swap, batter, dowse, baste; pelt, patter, buffet, belabor; fetch one a blow; poke at, pip, ship of the line; destroyer, cruiser, frigate; landing ship, LST; aircraft carrier, carrier, flattop [Coll.], nuclear powered carrier; submarine, submersible, atomic submarine. boat, pinnace, launch; life boat, long boat, jolly boat, bum boat, fly boat, cock boat, ferry boat, canal boat; swamp boat, ark, bully, battery, bateau [Can.], broadhorn, dory, droger, drogher; dugout, durham boat, flatboat, galiot; shallop, gig, funny, skiff, dingy, scow, cockleshell, wherry, coble, punt, cog, kedge, lerret; eight oar, four oar, pair oar; randan; outrigger; float, raft, pontoon; prame; iceboat, ice canoe, ice yacht. catamaran, hydroplane, hovercraft, coracle, gondola, carvel, caravel; felucca, caique, canoe, birch bark canoe, dugout canoe; galley, galleyfoist; bilander, dogger, hooker, howker; argosy, carack; galliass, galleon; polacca, polacre, tartane, junk, lorcha, praam, proa, prahu, saick, sampan, xebec, dhow; dahabeah; nuggah; kayak, keel boat [U.S.], log canoe, pirogue; quadrireme, trireme; stern-wheeler [U.S.]; wanigan, wangan [U.S.], wharf boat. balloon; airship, aeroplane; biplane, monoplane, triplane; hydroplane; aerodrome; air balloon, pilot balloon, fire balloon, dirigible, zeppelin; aerostat, Montgolfier; kite, parachute. jet plane, rocket plane, jet liner, turbojet, prop-jet, propeller plane; corporate plane, corporate jet, private plane, private aviation; airline, common carrier; fighter, bomber, fighter-bomber, escort plane, spy plane; supersonic aircraft, subsonic aircraft.

Adv. afloat, aboard; on board, on ship board; hard a lee, hard a port, hard a starboard, hard a weather.

2.

DEGREES OF MOTION

#274. Velocity — N. velocity, speed, celerity; swiftness &c. adj.; rapidity, eagle speed; expedition &c. (activity) ; pernicity; acceleration; haste &c. . spurt, rush, dash, race, steeple chase; smart rate, lively rate, swift rate &c. adj.; rattling rate, spanking rate, strapping rate, smart pace, lively pace, swift pace, rattling pace, spanking pace, strapping pace; round pace; flying, flight. lightning, greased lightning, light, electricity, wind; cannon ball, rocket, arrow, dart, hydrargyrum [Lat.], quicksilver; telegraph, express train; torrent. eagle, antelope, courser, race horse, gazelle, greyhound, hare, doe, squirrel, camel bird, chickaree, chipmunk, hackee [U.S.], ostrich, scorcher [Slang]. Mercury, Ariel, Camilla, Harlequin. [Measurement of velocity] log, log line; speedometer, odometer, tachometer, strobe, radar speed detector, radar trap, air speed gauge, wind sock, wind speed meter; pedometer.

V. move quickly, trip, fisk; speed, hie, hasten, post, spank, scuttle; scud, scuddle; scour, scour the plain; scamper; run like mad, beat it; fly, race, run a race, cut away, shot, tear, whisk, zoom, swoosh, sweep, skim, brush; cut along, bowl along, barrel along, barrel; scorch, burn up the track; rush &c. (be violent) ; dash on, dash off, dash forward; bolt; trot, gallop, amble, troll, bound, flit, spring, dart, boom; march in quick time, march in double time; ride hard, get over the ground. hurry &c. (hasten) ; accelerate, put on; quicken; quicken one's pace, mend one's pace; clap spurs to one's horse; make haste, make rapid strides, make forced marches, make the best of one's way; put one's best leg foremost, stir one's stumps, wing one's way, set off at a score; carry sail, crowd sail; go off like a shot, go like a shot, go ahead, gain ground; outstrip the wind, fly on the wings of the wind. keep up with, keep pace with; outstrip &c. ; outmarch.

Adj. fast, speedy, swift, rapid, quick, fleet; aliped; nimble, agile, expeditious; express; active &c. ; flying, galloping &c. v.; light footed, nimble footed; winged, eagle winged, mercurial, electric, telegraphic; light-legged, light of heel; swift as an arrow &c. n.; quick as lightning &c. n., quick as a thought.

Adv. swiftly &c. adj.; with speed &c. n.; apace; at a great rate, at full speed, at railway speed; full drive, full gallop; posthaste, in full sail, tantivy; trippingly; instantaneously &c. . under press of sail, under press of canvas, under press of sail and steam; velis et remis [Lat.], on eagle's wing, in double quick time; with rapid strides, with giant strides; a pas de geant [Fr.]; in seven league boots; whip and spur; ventre a terre [Fr.]; as fast as one's legs will carry one, as fast as one's heels will carry one; as fast as one can lay legs to the ground, at the top of one's speed; by leaps and bounds; with haste &c. .

Phr. vires acquirit eundo [Lat.]; I'll put a girdle about the earth in forty I'll put a girdle about the earth in forty minutes" [M.N.D.]; swifter than arrow from the Tartar's bow" [M.N.D.]; go like a bat out of hell; tempus fugit [Lat.].

#275. Slowness — N. slowness &c. adj.; languor &c. (inactivity) ; drawl; creeping &c. v., lentor. retardation; slackening &c. v.; delay &c. (lateness) ; claudication. jog trot, dog trot; mincing steps; slow march, slow time. slow goer, slow coach, slow back; lingerer, loiterer, sluggard, tortoise, snail; poke [U.S.]; dawdle &c. (inactive) .

V. move slowly &c. adv.; creep, crawl, lag, slug, drawl, linger, loiter, saunter; plod, trudge, stump along, lumber; trail, drag; dawdle &c. (be inactive) ; grovel, worm one's way, steal along; job on, rub on, bundle on; toddle, waddle, wabble, slug, traipse, slouch, shuffle, halt, hobble, limp, caludicate, shamble; flag, falter, trotter, stagger; mince, step short; march in slow time, march in funeral procession; take one's time; hang fire &c. (be late) . retard, relax; slacken, check, moderate, rein in, curb; reef; strike sail, shorten sail, take in sail; put on the drag, apply the brake; clip the wings; reduce the speed; slacken speed, slacken one's pace; lose ground. Adj. slow, slack; tardy; dilatory &c. (inactive) ; gentle, easy; leisurely; deliberate, gradual; insensible, imperceptible; glacial, languid, sluggish, slow paced, tardigrade, snail-like; creeping &c. v.; reptatorial. Adv. slowly &c. adj.; leisurely; piano, adagio; largo, larghetto; at half speed, under easy sail; at a foots pace, at a snail's pace, at a funeral pace; in slow time, with mincing steps, with clipped wings; haud passibus aequis [Lat.] [Vergil]. gradually &c. adj.; gradatim [Lat.]; by degrees, by slow degrees, by inches, by little and little; step by step, one step at a time; inch by inch, bit by bit, little by little, seriatim; consecutively.

Phr. dum Roma deliberat Saguntum perit [Lat.]; at a glacial pace.

3.

MOTION CONJOINED WITH FORCE

#276. Impulse —

N. impulse, impulsion, impetus; momentum; push, pulsion, thrust, shove, jog, jolt, brunt, booming, boost [U.S.], throw; explosion &c. (violence) ; propulsion &c. . percussion, concussion, collision, occursion, clash, encounter, cannon, carambole, appulse, shock, crash, bump; impact; elan; charge &c. (attack) ; beating &c. (punishment) . blow, dint, stroke, knock, tap, rap, slap, smack, pat, dab; fillip; slam, bang; hit, whack, thwack; cuff &c. ; squash, dowse, swap, whap, punch, thump, pelt, kick, punce, calcitration; ruade; arietation; cut, thrust, lunge, yerk; carom, carrom, clip [Slang], jab, plug [Slang], sidewinder [U.S.], sidewipe, sideswipe [U.S.]. hammer, sledge hammer, mall, maul, mallet, flail; ram, rammer; battering ram, monkey, pile-driving engine, punch, bat; cant hook; cudgel &c. (weapon) ; ax &c. (sharp) . [Science of mechanical forces] dynamics; seismometer, accelerometer, earthquake detector.

V. give an impetus &c. n.; impel, push; start, give a start to, set going; drive, urge, boom; thrust, prod, foin [Fr.]; cant; elbow, shoulder, jostle, justle, hustle, hurtle, shove, jog, jolt, encounter; run against, bump against, butt against; knock one's head against, run one's head against; impinge; boost [U.S.]; bunt, carom, clip y; fan, fan out; jab, plug [Slang]. strike, knock, hit, tap, rap, slap, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, blow, bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack, whack; hit hard, strike hard; swap, batter, dowse, baste; pelt, patter, buffet, belabor; fetch one a blow; poke at, pink, lunge, yerk; kick, calcitrate; butt, strike at &c. (attack) ; whip &c. (punish) . come into a collision, enter into collision; collide; sideswipe; foul; fall foul of, run foul of; telescope. throw &c. (propel) .

Adj. impelling &c. v.; impulsive, impellent; booming; dynamic, dynamical; impelled &c. v..

Phr. a hit, a very palpable hit" [Hamlet].

#277. Recoil —

N. recoil; reaction, retroaction; revulsion; bounce, rebound, ricochet; repercussion, recalcitration; kick, contrecoup [Fr.]; springing back &c. v.; elasticity &c. ; reflection, reflexion [Brit.], reflex, reflux; reverberation &c. (resonance) ; rebuff, repulse; return. ducks and drakes; boomerang; spring, reactionist. elastic collision, coefficient of restitution.

V. recoil, react; spring back, fly back, bounce back, bound back; rebound, reverberate, repercuss, recalcitrate; echo, ricochet.

Adj. recoiling &c. v.; refluent, repercussive, recalcitrant, reactionary; retroactive. Adv. on the rebound, on the recoil &c. n..

Phr. for every action there is a reaction, equal in force for every action there is a reaction, equal in force and opposite in direction [Newton].

4.

MOTION WITH REFERENCE TO DIRECTION

#278. Direction — N. direction, bearing, course, vector; set, drift, tenor; tendency &c. ; incidence; bending, trending &c. v.; dip, tack, aim, collimation; steering steerage. point of the compass, cardinal points; North East, South, West; N by E, ENE, NE by N, NE, &c.; rhumb, azimuth, line of collimation. line, path, road, range, quarter, line of march; alignment, allignment; air line, beeline; straight shoot.

V. tend towards, bend towards, point towards; conduct to, go to; point to, point at; bend, trend, verge, incline, dip, determine. steer for, steer towards, make for, make towards; aim at, level at; take aim; keep a course, hold a course; be bound for; bend one's steps towards; direct one's course, steer one's course, bend one's course, shape one's course; align one's march, allign one's march; to straight, go straight to the point; march on, march on a point. ascertain one's direction &c. n.; s'orienter [Fr.], see which way the wind blows; box the compass; take the air line.

Adj. directed &c. v.. directed towards; pointing towards &c. v.; bound for; aligned, with alligned with; direct, straight; undeviating, unswerving; straightforward; North, Northern, Northerly, &c. n..

Adv. towards; on the road, on the high road to; en avant; versus, to; hither, thither, whither; directly; straight as an arrow, forwards as an arrow; point blank; in a bee line to, in a direct line to, as the crow flies, in a straight line to, in a bee line for, in a direct line for, in a straight line for, in a bee line with, in a direct line with, in a straight line with; in a line with; full tilt at, as the crow flies. before the wind, near the wind, close to the wind, against the wind; windwards, in the wind's eye. through, via, by way of; in all directions, in all manner of ways; quaquaversum [Lat.], from the four winds.

Phr. the shortest distance between two points is a the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.

#279. Deviation — N. deviation; swerving &c. v.; obliquation, warp, refraction; flection, flexion; sweep; deflection, deflexure; declination. diversion, digression, depart from, aberration; divergence &c. ; zigzag; detour &c. (circuit) ; divagation. [Desultory motion] wandering &c. v.; vagrancy, evagation; bypaths and crooked ways; byroad. [Motion sideways, oblique motion] sidling &c. v.; knight's move at chess.

V. alter one's course, deviate, depart from, turn, trend; bend, curve &c. ; swerve, heel, bear off; gybe, wear. intervert; deflect; divert, divert from its course; put on a new scent, shift, shunt, draw aside, crook, warp. stray, straggle; sidle; diverge &c. ; tralineate; digress, wander; wind, twist, meander; veer, tack; divagate; sidetrack; turn aside, turn a corner, turn away from; wheel, steer clear of; ramble, rove, drift; go astray, go adrift; yaw, dodge; step aside, ease off, make way for, shy. fly off at a tangent; glance off; wheel about, face about; turn to the right about, face to the right about; waddle &c. (oscillate) ; go out of one's way &c. (perform a circuit) ; lose one's way. Adj. deviating &c. v.; aberrant, errant; excursive, discursive; devious, desultory, loose; rambling; stray, erratic, vagrant, undirected, circuitous, indirect, zigzag; crab-like.

Adv. astray from, round about, wide of the mark; to the right about; all manner of ways; circuitously &c. . obliquely, sideling, like the move of the knight on a chessboard.

#280. [Going before.] Precession —

N. precession, leading, heading; precedence &c. ; priority &c. ; the lead, le pas; van &c. (front) ; precursor &c. .

V. go before, go ahead, go in the van, go in advance; precede, forerun; usher in, introduce, herald, head, take the lead; lead the way, lead the dance; get the start, have the start; steal a march; get before, get ahead, get in front of; outstrip &c. ; take precedence &c. (first in order) .

Adj. leading, precedent &c. v..

Adv. in advance, before, ahead, in the van, in the lead; foremost, headmost; in front; at the head, out in front; way out in front, far ahead. Phr. seniores priores [Lat.], ahead of his time.

#281. [Going after.] Sequence —

N. sequence; coming after &c. (order) ; (time) ; following pursuit &c. . follower, attendant, satellite, shadow, dangler, train.

V. follow; pursue &c. ; go after, fly after. attend, beset, dance attendance on, dog; tread in the steps of, tread close upon; be in the wake of, be in the trail of, be in the rear of, go in the wake of, go in the trail of, go in the rear of, follow in the wake of, follow in the trail of, follow in the rear of; follow as a shadow, hang on the skirts of; tread on the heels of, follow on the heels of; camp on the trail.

Adj. subsequent, next, succeeding; following &c. v..

Adv. behind; in the rear &c. , in the train of, in the wake of; after &c. (order) , (time) .

#282. [Motion forward; progressive motion.] Progression —

N. progress, progression, progressiveness; advancing &c. v.; advance, advancement; ongoing; flood, tide, headway; march &c. ; rise; improvement &c. .

V. advance; proceed, progress; get on, get along, get over the ground; gain ground; forge ahead; jog on, rub on, wag on; go with the stream; keep one's course, hold on one's course; go on, move on, come one, get on, pass on, push on, press on, go forward, move forward, come forward, get forward, pass forward, push forward, press forward, go forwards, move forwards, come forwards, get forwards, pass forwards, push forwards, press forwards, go ahead, move ahead, come ahead, get ahead, pass ahead, push ahead, press ahead; make one's way, work one's way, carve one's way, push one's way, force one's way, edge one's way, elbow one's way; make progress, make head, make way, make headway, make advances, make strides, make rapid strides &c. (velocity) ; go ahead, shoot ahead; distance; make up leeway.

Adj. advancing &c. v.; progressive, profluent; advanced.

Adv. forward, onward; forth, on, ahead, under way, en route for, on one's way, on the way, on the road, on the high road, on the road to; in progress; in mid progress; in transitu [Lat.] &c. . Phr. vestigia nulla retrorsum [Lat.]; westward the course of empire takes its westward the course of empire takes its way" [Berkeley].

#283. [Motion backwards.] Regression —

N. regress, regression; retrocession, retrogression, retrograduation, retroaction; reculade; retreat, withdrawal, retirement, remigration; recession &c. (motion from) ; recess; crab-like motion. refluence, reflux; backwater, regurgitation, ebb, return; resilience reflection, reflexion [Brit.] (recoil) ; flip-flop, volte-face [Fr.]. counter motion, retrograde motion, backward movement, motion in reverse, counter movement, counter march; veering, tergiversation, recidivation, backsliding, fall; deterioration &c. ; recidivism, recidivity. reversal, relapse, turning point &c. (reversion) .

V. recede, regrade, return, revert, retreat, retire; retrograde, retrocede; back out; back down; balk; crawfish [U.S.], crawl [Slang]; withdraw; rebound &c. ; go back, come back, turn back, hark back, draw back, fall back, get back, put back, run back; lose ground; fall astern, drop astern; backwater, put about; backtrack, take the back track; veer round; double, wheel, countermarch; ebb, regurgitate; jib, shrink, shy. turn tail, turn round, turn upon one's heel, turn one's back upon; retrace one's steps, dance the back step; sound a retreat, beat a retreat; go home.

Adj. receding &c. v.; retrograde, retrogressive; regressive, refluent, reflex, recidivous, resilient; crab-like; balky; reactionary &c. .

Adv. back, backwards; reflexively, to the right about; a reculons [Fr.], a rebours [Fr.].

Phr. revenons a nos moutons [Fr.], as you were.

#284. [Motion given to an object situated in front.] Propulsion —

N. propulsion, projection; propelment; vis a tergo [Lat.], force from behind; push, shove &c. (impulse) ; ejaculate; ejection &c. ; throw, fling, toss, shot, discharge, shy; launch, release. [Science of propulsion] projectiles, ballistics, archery. [devices to give propulsion] propeller, screw, twin screws, turbine, jet engine. [objects propelled] missile, projectile, ball, discus, quoit, brickbat, shot; [weapons which propel] arrow, gun, ballista &c. (arms) . [preparation for propulsion] countdown, windup. shooter; shot; archer, toxophilite; bowman, rifleman, marksman; good shot, crack shot; sharpshooter &c. (combatant) .

V. propel, project, throw, fling, cast, pitch, chuck, toss, jerk, heave, shy, hurl; flirt, fillip. dart, lance, tilt; ejaculate, jaculate; fulminate, bolt, drive, sling, pitchfork. send; send off, let off, fire off; discharge, shoot; launch, release, send forth, let fly; put in orbit, send into orbit, launch into orbit dash. put in motion, set in motion; set agoing, start; give a start, give an impulse to; impel &c. ; trundle &c. (set in rotation) ; expel &c. . carry one off one's legs; put to flight. Adj. propelled &c. v.; propelling &c. v.; propulsive, projectile.

#285. [Motion given to an object situated behind.] Traction —

N. traction; drawing &c. v.; draught, pull, haul; rake; a long pull a strong pull and a pull all a long pull a strong pull and a pull all together;" towage, haulage.

V. draw, pull, haul, lug, rake, drag, tug, tow, trail, train; take in tow. wrench, jerk, twitch, touse; yank [U.S.].

Adj. drawing &c. v.; tractile, tractive.

#286. [Motion towards.] Approach —

N. approach, approximation, appropinquation; access; appulse; afflux, affluxion; advent &c. (approach of time) ; pursuit &c. .

V. approach, approximate, appropinquate; near; get near, go near, draw near; come to close quarters, come near; move towards, set in towards; drift; make up to; gain upon; pursue &c. ; tread on the heels of; bear up; make the land; hug the shore, hug the land.

Adj. approaching &c. v.; approximative; affluent; impending, imminent &c. (destined) .

Adv. on the road. Int. come hither!, approach!, here!, come!, come near!, forward!,

#287. [Motion from.] Recession —

N. recession, retirement, withdrawal; retreat; retrocession &c. ; departure, &c. ; recoil &c. ; flight &c. (avoidance) .

V. recede, go, move back, move from, retire; withdraw, shrink, back off; come away, move away, back away, go away, get away, drift away; depart &c. ; retreat &c. ; move off, stand off, sheer off; fall back, stand aside; run away &c. (avoid) . remove, shunt, distance.

Adj. receding &c. v..

Phr. distance oneself from a person.

#288. [Motion towards, actively; force causing to draw closer.] Attraction — N. attraction, attractiveness; attractivity; drawing to, pulling towards, adduction. electrical attraction, electricity, static electricity, static, static cling; magnetism, magnetic attraction; gravity, attraction of gravitation. [objects which attract by physical force] lodestone, loadstone, lodestar, loadstar; magnet, permanent magnet, siderite, magnetite; electromagnet; magnetic coil, voice coil; magnetic dipole; motor coil, rotor, stator. electrical charge; positive charge, negative charge. magnetic pole; north pole, south pole; magnetic monopole.

V. attract, draw; draw towards, pull towards, drag towards; adduce.

Adj. attracting &c. v.; attrahent, attractive, adducent, adductive. centrifugal.

Phr. ubi mel ibi apes [Lat.] [Plautus].

#289. [Motion from, actively; force driving apart.] Repulsion —

N. repulsion; driving from &c. v.; repulse, abduction. magnetic repulsion, magnetic levitation; antigravity.

V. repel, push from, drive apart, drive from &c. ; chase, dispel; retrude; abduce, abduct; send away; repulse. keep at arm's length, turn one's back upon, give the cold shoulder; send off, send away with a flea in one's ear.

Adj. repelling &c. v.; repellent, repulsive; abducent, abductive. centripetal

Phr. like charges repel; opposite charges attract; like poles repel, opposite poles attract.

#290. [Motion nearer to.] Convergence —

N. convergence, confluence, concourse, conflux, congress, concurrence, concentration; convergency; appulse, meeting; corradiation. assemblage &c. ; resort &c. (focus) ; asymptote.

V. converge, concur, come together, unite, meet, fall in with; close with, close in upon; center round, center in; enter in; pour in. gather together, unite, concentrate, bring into a focus.

Adj. converging &c. v.; convergent, confluent, concurrent; centripetal; asymptotical, asymptotic; confluxible.

#291. [Motion further off.] Divergence —

N. divergence, divergency; divarication, ramification, forking; radiation; separation &c. (disjunction) ; dispersion &c. ; deviation &c. ; aberration.

V. diverge, divaricate, radiate; ramify; branch off, glance off, file off; fly off, fly off at a tangent; spread, scatter, disperse &c. ; deviate &c. ; part &c. (separate) .

Adj. diverging &c. v.; divergent, radiant, centrifugal; aberrant.

#292. [Terminal motion at.] Arrival —

N. arrival, advent; landing; debarkation, disembarkation; reception, welcome, vin d'honneur [Fr.]. home, goal, goalpost; landing place, landing stage; bunder; resting place; destination, harbor, haven, port, airport, spaceport; terminus, halting place, halting ground, landing strip, runway, terminal; journey's end; anchorage &c. (refuge) . return, remigration; meeting; rencounter, encounter. completion &c. . recursion [Comp.].

V. arrive; get to, come to; come; reach, attain; come up with, come up to; overtake, make, fetch; complete &c. ; join, rejoin. light, alight, dismount; land, go ashore; debark, disembark; put in, put into; visit, cast anchor, pitch one's tent; sit down &c. (be located) ; get to one's journey's end; make the land; be in at the death; come back, get back, come home, get home; return; come in &c. (ingress) ; make one's appearance &c. (appear) ; drop in; detrain, deplane; outspan; de-orbit. come to hand; come at, come across; hit; come upon, light upon, pop upon, bounce upon, plump upon, burst upon, pitch upon; meet; encounter, rencounter; come in contact.

Adj. arriving &c. v.; homeward bound.

Adv. here, hither.

Int. welcome!, hail!, all Hail!, good-day, good morrow!,

Phr. any port in a storm.

#293. [Initial motion from.] Departure —

N. departure, decession, decampment; embarkation; outset, start; removal; exit &c. (egress) ; exodus, hejira, flight. leave taking, valediction, adieu, farewell, goodbye, auf wiedersehen [G.], sayonara, dosvidanya [Rus.], ciao, aloha, hasta la vista [Sp.]; stirrup cup; valedictorian. starting point, starting post; point of departure, point of embarkation, place of departure, place of embarkation; port of embarkation; airport, take-off point, taxiing runway, runway, launching pad, spaceport.

V. depart; go away; take one's departure, set out; set off, march off, put off, start off, be off, move off, get off, whip off, pack off, go off, take oneself off; start, issue, march out, debouch; go forth, sally forth; sally, set forward; be gone; hail from. leave a place, quit, vacate, evacuate, abandon; go off the stage, make one's exit; retire, withdraw, remove; vamoose [Slang], vamose [U.S.]; go one's way, go along, go from home; take flight, take wing; spring, fly, flit, wing one's flight; fly away, whip away; embark; go on board, go aboard; set sail' put to sea, go to sea; sail, take ship; hoist blue Peter; get under way, weigh anchor; strike tents, decamp; walk one's chalks, cut one's stick; take leave; say good bye, bid goodbye &c. n.; disappear &c. ; abscond &c. (avoid) ; entrain; inspan. Adj. departing &c. v.; valedictory; outward bound.

Adv. whence, hence, thence; with a foot in the stirrup; on the wing, on the move.

Int. begone!, &c. (ejection) ; farewell!, adieu!, goodbye!, good day!, au revoir! [Fr.], fare you well!, God bless you!, God speed!, all aboard!, auf wiedersehen! [G.], au plaisir de vous revoir! [Fr.], bon voyage!, gluckliche Reise! [G.], vive valeque! [Fr.],

#294. [Motion into.] Ingress —

N. ingress; entrance, entry; introgression; influx, intrusion, inroad, incursion, invasion, irruption; ingression; penetration, interpenetration; illapse, import, infiltration; immigration; admission &c. (reception) ; insinuation &c. (interjacence) ; insertion &c. . inlet; way in; mouth, door, &c. (opening) ; barway; path &c. (way) ; conduit &c. ; immigrant.

V. have the entree; enter; go into, go in, come into, come in, pour into, pour in, flow into, flow in, creep into, creep in, slip into, slip in, pop into, pop in, break into, break in, burst into, burst in; set foot on; ingress; burst in upon, break in upon; invade, intrude; insinuate itself; interpenetrate, penetrate; infiltrate; find one's way into, wriggle into, worm oneself into. give entrance to &c. (receive) ; insert &c. .

Adj. incoming.

#295. [Motion out of.] Egress —

N. egress, exit, issue; emersion, emergence; outbreak, outburst; eruption, proruption; emanation; egression; evacuation; exudation, transudation; extravasation [Med.], perspiration, sweating, leakage, percolation, distillation, oozing; gush &c. (water in motion) ; outpour, outpouring; effluence, effusion; effluxion, drain; dribbling &c. v.; defluxion; drainage; outcome, output; discharge &c. (excretion) . export, expatriation; emigration, remigration; debouch, debouche; emunctory; exodus &c. (departure) ; emigrant. outlet, vent, spout, tap, sluice, floodgate; pore; vomitory, outgate, sally port; way out; mouth, door &c. (opening) ; path &c. (way) ; conduit &c. ; airpipe &c. .

V. emerge, emanate, issue; egress; go out of, come out of, move out of, pass out of, pour out of, flow out of; pass out of, evacuate. exude, transude; leak, run through, out through; percolate, transcolate; egurgitate; strain, distill; perspire, sweat, drain, ooze; filter, filtrate; dribble, gush, spout, flow out; well, well out; pour, trickle, &c. (water in motion) ; effuse, extravasate [Med.], disembogue, discharge itself, debouch; come forth, break forth; burst out, burst through; find vent; escape &c. .

Adj. effused &c. v.; outgoing.

#296. [Motion into, actively.] Reception —

N. reception; admission, admittance, entree, importation; introduction, intromission; immission, ingestion, imbibation, introception, absorption, ingurgitation, inhalation; suction, sucking; eating, drinking &c. (food) ; insertion &c. ; interjection &c. ; introit.

V. give entrance to, give admittance to, give the entree; introduce, intromit; usher, admit, receive, import, bring in, open the door to, throw in, ingest, absorb, imbibe, inhale, breathe in; let in, take in, suck in, draw in; readmit, resorb, reabsorb; snuff up, swallow, ingurgitate; engulf, engorge; gulp; eat, drink &c. (food) .

Adj. admitting &c. v., admitted &c. v.; admissable; absorbent.

#297. [Motion out of, actively] Ejection —

N. ejection, emission, effusion, rejection, expulsion, exportation, eviction, extrusion, trajection; discharge. emesis, vomiting, vomition. egestion, evacuation; ructation, eructation; bloodletting, venesection [Med.], phlebotomy, paracentesis; expuition, exspuition; tapping, drainage; clearance, clearage. deportation; banishment &c. (punishment ) ; rouge's march; relegation, extradition; dislodgment. bouncer [U.S.], chucker-out [Slang]. [material vomited] vomit, vomitus [Med.], puke, barf [Coll.].

V. give exit, give vent to; let out, give out, pour out, squeeze out, send out; dispatch, despatch; exhale, excern, excrete; embogue; secrete, secern; extravasate [Med.], shed, void, evacuation; emit; open the sluices, open the floodgates; turn on the tap; extrude, detrude; effuse, spend, expend; pour forth; squirt, spirt, spurt, spill, slop; perspire &c. (exude) ; breathe, blow &c. (wind) . tap, draw off; bale out, lade out; let blood, broach. eject, reject; expel, discard; cut, send to coventry, boycott; chasser [Fr.]; banish &c. (punish) ; bounce [U.S.]; fire [Slang], fire out [Slang]; throw &c. , throw out, throw up, throw off, throw away, throw aside; push &c. ; throw out, throw off, throw away, throw aside; shovel out, shovel away, sweep out, sweep away; brush off, brush away, whisk off, whisk away, turn off, turn away, send off, send away; discharge; send adrift, turn adrift, cast adrift; turn out, bundle out; throw overboard; give the sack to; send packing, send about one's business, send to the right about; strike off the roll &c. (abrogate) ; turn out neck and heels, turn out head and shoulders, turn out neck and crop; pack off; send away with a flea in the ear; send to Jericho; bow out, show the door to, turn out of doors, turn out of house and home; evict, oust; unhouse, unkennel; dislodge; unpeople, dispeople; depopulate; relegate, deport. empty; drain to the dregs; sweep off; clear off, clear out, clear away; suck, draw off; clean out, make a clean sweep of, clear decks, purge. embowel, disbowel, disembowel; eviscerate, gut; unearth, root out, root up; averuncate; weed out, get out; eliminate, get rid of, do away with, shake off; exenterate. vomit, throw up, regurgitate, spew, puke, keck, retch, heave, upchuck, chuck up, barf; belch out; cast up, bring up, be sick, get sick, worship the porcelain god. disgorge; expectorate, clear the throat, hawk, spit, sputter, splutter, slobber, drivel, slaver, slabber; eructate; drool. unpack, unlade, unload, unship, offload; break bulk; dump. be let out. spew forth, erupt, ooze &c. (emerge) . Adj. emitting, emitted, &c. v..

Int. begone!, get you gone!, get away, go away, get along, go along, get along with you, go along with you!, go your way!, away with!, off with you!, get the hell out of here! [Vulg.], go about your business!, be off!, avaunt! , aroynt! , allez-vous-en! [Fr.], jao! , va-t'en! [Fr.],

#298. [Eating.] Food — N. eating &c. v.; deglutition, gulp, epulation, mastication, manducation, rumination; gluttony &c. . [eating specific foods] hippophagy, ichthyophagy. [Eating anatomy:] (appetite) &c. ; mouth, jaws, mandible, mazard, gob [Slang], chops. drinking &c. v.; potation, draught, libation; carousal &c. (amusement) ; drunkenness &c. . food, pabulum; aliment, nourishment, nutriment; sustenance, sustentation, sustention; nurture, subsistence, provender, corn, feed, fodder, provision, ration, keep, commons, board; commissariat &c. (provision) ; prey, forage, pasture, pasturage; fare, cheer; diet, dietary; regimen; belly timber, staff of life; bread, bread and cheese. comestibles, eatables, victuals, edibles, ingesta; grub, grubstake, prog, meat; bread, bread stuffs; cerealia; cereals; viands, cates, delicacy, dainty, creature comforts, contents of the larder, fleshpots; festal board; ambrosia; good cheer, good living. beef, bisquit, bun; cornstarch [U.S.]; cookie, cooky [U.S.]; cracker, doughnut; fatling; hardtack, hoecake [U.S.], hominy [U.S.]; mutton, pilot bread; pork; roti, rusk, ship biscuit; veal; joint, piece de resistance [Fr.], roast and boiled; remove, entremet, releve [Fr.], hash, rechauffe [Fr.], stew, ragout, fricassee, mince; pottage, potage, broth, soup, consomme, puree, spoonmeat; pie, pasty, volauvent; pudding, omelet; pastry; sweets &c. ; kickshaws; condiment &c. . appetizer, hors d'oeuvre [Fr.]. main course, entree. alligator pear, apple &c., apple slump; artichoke; ashcake, griddlecake, pancake, flapjack; atole, avocado, banana, beche de mer [Fr.], barbecue, beefsteak; beet root; blackberry, blancmange, bloater, bouilli, bouillon, breadfruit, chop suey [U.S.]; chowder, chupatty, clam, compote, damper, fish, frumenty, grapes, hasty pudding, ice cream, lettuce, mango, mangosteen, mince pie, oatmeal, oyster, pineapple, porridge, porterhouse steak, salmis, sauerkraut, sea slug, sturgeon ("Albany beef"), succotash [U.S.], supawn [U.S.], trepang, vanilla, waffle, walnut. table, cuisine, bill of fare, menu, table d'hote [Fr.], ordinary, entree. meal, repast, feed, spread; mess; dish, plate, course; regale; regalement, refreshment, entertainment; refection, collation, picnic, feast, banquet, junket; breakfast; lunch, luncheon; dejeuner [Fr.], bever, tiffin, dinner, supper, snack, junk food, fast food, whet, bait, dessert; potluck, table d'hote [Fr.], dejeuner a la fourchette [Fr.]; hearty meal, square meal, substantial meal, full meal; blowout [Slang]; light refreshment; bara, chotahazri; bara khana. mouthful, bolus, gobbet, morsel, sop, sippet. drink, beverage, liquor, broth, soup; potion, dram, draught, drench, swill [Slang]; nip, sip, sup, gulp. wine, spirits, liqueur, beer, ale, malt liquor, Sir John Barleycorn, stingo, heavy wet; grog, toddy, flip, purl, punch, negus, cup, bishop, wassail; gin &c. (intoxicating liquor) ; coffee, chocolate, cocoa, tea, the cup that cheers but not inebriates; bock beer, lager beer, Pilsener beer, schenck beer; Brazil tea, cider, claret, ice water, mate, mint julep [U.S.]; near beer, 3.2 beer, non-alcoholic beverage. eating house &c. . [person who eats] diner; hippophage; glutton &c. .

V. eat, feed, fare, devour, swallow, take; gulp, bolt, snap; fall to; despatch, dispatch; discuss; take down, get down, gulp down; lay in, tuck in [Slang]; lick, pick, peck; gormandize &c. ; bite, champ, munch, cranch, craunch, crunch, chew, masticate, nibble, gnaw, mumble. live on; feed upon, batten upon, fatten upon, feast upon; browse, graze, crop, regale; carouse &c. (make merry) ; eat heartily, do justice to, play a good knife and fork, banquet. break bread, break one's fast; breakfast, lunch, dine, take tea, sup. drink in, drink up, drink one's fill; quaff, sip, sup; suck, suck up; lap; swig; swill [Slang], chugalug [Slang], tipple &c. (be drunken) ; empty one's glass, drain the cup; toss off, toss one's glass; wash down, crack a bottle, wet one's whistle. purvey &c. .

Adj. eatable, edible, esculent, comestible, alimentary; cereal, cibarious; dietetic; culinary; nutritive, nutritious; gastric; succulent; potable, potulent; bibulous. omnivorous, carnivorous, herbivorous, granivorous, graminivorous, phytivorous; ichthyivorous; omophagic, omophagous; pantophagous, phytophagous, xylophagous.

Phr. across the walnuts and the wine" [Tennyson]; blessed hour of our dinners! " [O. Meredith]; now good digestion wait on appetite, and health on now good digestion wait on appetite, and health on both! " [Macbeth]; who can cloy the hungry edge of appetite? [Richard II],

#299. Excretion — N. excretion, discharge, emanation; exhalation, exudation, extrusion, secretion, effusion, extravasation [Med.], ecchymosis [Med.]; evacuation, dejection, faeces, excrement, shit, stools, crap [Vulg.]; bloody flux; cacation; coeliac-flux, coeliac-passion; dysentery; perspiration, sweat; subation, exudation; diaphoresis; sewage; eccrinology [Med.]. saliva, spittle, rheum; ptyalism, salivation, catarrh; diarrhoea; ejecta, egesta [Biol.], sputa; excreta; lava; exuviae &c. (uncleanness) [Lat.]. hemorrhage, bleeding; outpouring &c. (egress) .

V. excrete &c. (eject) ; emanate &c. (come out) .

#300. [Forcible ingress.] Insertion —

N. insertion, implantation, introduction; insinuation &c. (intervention) ; planting, &c. v.; injection, inoculation, importation, infusion; forcible ingress &c. ; immersion; submersion, submergence, dip, plunge; bath &c. (water) ; interment &c. . clyster [Med.], enema, glyster, lavage, lavement.

V. insert; introduce, intromit; put into, run into; import; inject; interject &c. ; infuse, instill, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, imbrue. graft, ingraft, bud, plant, implant; dovetail. obtrude; thrust in, stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in, drive in, pop in, whip in, drop in, put in; impact; empierce &c. (make a hole) . imbed; immerse, immerge, merge; bathe, soak &c. (water) ; dip, plunge &c. . bury &c. (inter) . insert itself, lodge itself &c.; plunge in medias res. Adj. inserted &c. v..

#301. [Forcible egress.] Extraction —

N. extraction; extracting &c. v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication, evolution. evulsion, avulsion; wrench; expression, squeezing; extirpation, extermination; ejection &c. ; export &c. (egress) . extractor, corkscrew, forceps, pliers.

V. extract, draw; take out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out, pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root up, weed up, grub up, rake up, root out, weed out, grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the roots, pluck up by the roots; averruncate; unroot; uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge. remove; educe, elicit; evolve, extricate; eliminate &c. (eject) ; eviscerate &c. . express, squeeze out, press out.

Adj. extracted &c. v..

#302. [Motion through.] Passage —

N. passage, transmission; permeation; penetration, interpenetration; transudation, infiltration; endosmose exosmose; endosmosis [Chem]; intercurrence; ingress &c. ; egress &c. ; path &c. ; conduit &c. ; opening &c. ; journey &c. ; voyage &c. .

V. pass, pass through; perforate &c. (hole) ; penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid, enfilade; go through, go across; go over, pass over; cut across; ford, cross; pass and repass, work; make one's way, thread one's way, worm one's way, force one's way; make a passage form a passage; cut one's way through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make way, clear the course; traverse, go over the ground. Adj. passing &c. v.; intercurrent; endosmosmic, endosmotic [Chem].

Adv. en passant [Fr.] &c. (transit) .

#303. [Motion beyond] Transcursion —

N. transcursion, transiliency, transgression; trespass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation, transcendence; redundancy &c. .

V. transgress, surpass, pass; go beyond, go by; show in front, come to the front; shoot ahead of; steal a march upon, steal a gain upon. overstep, overpass, overreach, overgo, override, overleap, overjump, overskip, overlap, overshoot the mark; outstrip, outleap, outjump, outgo, outstep, outrun, outride, outrival, outdo; beat, beat hollow; distance; leave in the lurch, leave in the rear; throw into the shade; exceed, transcend, surmount; soar &c. (rise) . encroach, trespass, infringe, trench upon, entrench on, intrench on; strain; stretch a point, strain a point; cross the Rubicon.

Adj. surpassing &c. v..

Adv. beyond the mark, ahead.

#304. [motion short of] Shortcoming —

N. shortcoming, failure; falling short &c. v.; default, defalcation; leeway; labor in vain, no go. incompleteness &c. ; imperfection &c. ; insufficiency &c. ; noncompletion &c. ; failure &c. .

V. , come short of, fall short of, stop short of, come short, fall short, stop short; not reach; want; keep within bounds, keep within the mark, keep within the compass. break down, stick in the mud, collapse, flat out [U.S.], come to nothing; fall through, fall to the ground; cave in, end in smoke, miss the mark, fail; lose ground; miss stays. Adj. unreached; deficient; short, short of; minus; out of depth; perfunctory &c. (neglect) .

Adv. within the mark, within the compass, within the bounds; behindhand; re infecta [Lat.]; to no purpose; for from it.

Phr. the bubble burst.

#305. [Motion upwards] Ascent —

N. ascent, ascension; rising &c. ; acclivity, hill &c. ; flight of steps, flight of stairs; ladder rocket, lark; sky rocket, sky lark; Alpine Club.

V. ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise; go up, get up, work one's way up, start up; shoot up, go into orbit; float up; bubble up; aspire. climb, clamber, ramp, scramble, escalade, surmount; shin, shinny, shinney; scale, scale the heights. [cause to go up] raise, elevate &c. . go aloft, fly aloft; tower, soar, take off; spring up, pop up, jump up, catapult upwards, explode upwards; hover, spire, plane, swim, float, surge; leap &c. .

Adj. rising &c. v.. scandent, buoyant; supernatant, superfluitant; excelsior. Adv. uphill.

#306. [Motion downwards] Descent —

N. descent, descension, declension, declination; fall; falling &c. v.; slump; drop, plunge, plummet, cadence; subsidence, collapse, lapse; downfall, tumble, slip, tilt, trip, lurch; cropper, culbute; titubation, stumble; fate of Icarus. avalanche, debacle, landslip, landslide. declivity, dip, hill. [equipment for descending by rappeling] rappel.

V. descend; go down, drop down, come down; fall, gravitate, drop, slip, slide, rappel, settle; plunge, plummet, crash; decline, set, sink, droop, come down a peg; slump. dismount, alight, light, get down; swoop; stoop &c. ; fall prostrate, precipitate oneself; let fall &c. . tumble, trip, stumble, titubate, lurch, pitch, swag, topple, topple over, tumble over, topple down, tumble down; tilt, sprawl, plump down, come down a cropper. Adj. descending &c. v.; descendent; decurrent, decursive; labent, deciduous; nodding to its fall. Adv. downhill, downwards.

Phr. the bottom fell out.

#307. Elevation — N. elevation; raising &c. v.; erection, lift; sublevation, upheaval; sublimation, exaltation; prominence &c. (convexity) . lever &c. ; crane, derrick, windlass, capstan, winch; dredge, dredger, dredging machine. dumbwaiter, elevator, escalator, lift.

V. heighten, elevate, raise, lift, erect; set up, stick up, perch up, perk up, tilt up; rear, hoist, heave; uplift, upraise, uprear, upbear, upcast, uphoist, upheave; buoy, weigh mount, give a lift; exalt; sublimate; place on a pedestal, set on a pedestal. escalate &c. (increase) . take up, drag up, fish up; dredge. stand up, rise up, get up, jump up; spring to one's feet; hold oneself, hold one's head up; drawn oneself up to his full height.

Adj. elevated &c. v.; stilted, attollent, rampant.

Adv. on stilts, on the shoulders of, on one's legs, on one's hind legs.

#308. Depression — N. lowering &c. v.; depression; dip &c. (concavity) ; abasement; detrusion; reduction. overthrow, overset, overturn; upset; prostration, subversion, precipitation. bow; courtesy, curtsy; genuflexion, genuflection, kowtow, obeisance, salaam.

V. depress, lower, let down, take down, let down a peg, take down a peg; cast; let drop, let fall; sink, debase, bring low, abase, reduce, detrude, pitch, precipitate. overthrow, overturn, overset; upset, subvert, prostate, level, fell; cast down, take down, throw down, fling down, dash down, pull down, cut down, knock down, hew down; raze, raze to the ground, rase to the ground; trample in the dust, pull about one's ears. sit, sit down; couch, squat, crouch, stoop, bend, bow; courtesy, curtsy; bob, duck, dip, kneel; bend the knee, bow the knee, bend the head, bow the head; cower; recline &c. (be horizontal) .

Adj. depressed &c. v.; at a low ebb; prostrate &c. (horizontal) ; detrusive.

Phr. facinus quos inquinat aequat [Lat.] [Lucan].

#309. Leap —

N. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation. ance, caper; curvet, caracole; gambade, gambado; capriole, demivolt; buck, buck jump; hop skip and jump; falcade. kangaroo, jerboa; chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea; buckjumper; wallaby.

V. leap; jump up, jump over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp, cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump; curvet, caracole; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk &c. (amusement) ; jump about &c. (agitation) ; trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light fantastic, dance oneself off one's legs, dance off one's shoes.

Adj. leaping &c. v.; saltatory, frisky.

Adv. on the light fantastic toe.

Phr. di salto in salto [It].

#310. Plunge —

N. plunge, dip, dive, header; ducking &c. v.; diver.

V. plunge, dip, souse, duck; dive, plump; take a plunge, take a header; make a plunge; bathe &c. (water) . submerge, submerse; immerse; douse, sink, engulf, send to the bottom. get out of one's depth; go to the bottom, go down like a stone, drop like a lead balloon; founder, welter, wallow.

#311. [Curvilinear motion.] Circuition —

N. circuition, circulation; turn, curvet; excursion, circumvention, circumnavigation, circumambulation; northwest passage; circuit &c. . turning &c. v.; wrench; evolution; coil, corkscrew.

V. turn, bend, wheel; go about, put about; heel; go round to the right about, turn round to the right about; turn on one's heel; make a circle, make a complete circle, describe a circle, describe a complete circle; go through 180 degrees, go through 360 degrees, pass through 180 degrees, pass through 360 degrees. circumnavigate, circumambulate, circumvent; put a girdle round about the earth" [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the round of. wind, circulate, meander; whisk, twirl; twist &c. (convolution) ; make a detour &c. (circuit) .

Adj. turning &c. v.; circuitous; circumforaneous, circumfluent.

Adv. round about.

#312. [Motion in a continued circle.] Rotation —

N. rotation, revolution, spinning, gyration, turning about an axis, turning aound an axis, circulation, roll; circumrotation, circumvolution, circumgyration; volutation, circination, turbination, pirouette, convolution. verticity, whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge; countercurrent; Maelstrom, Charybdis; Ixion. [rotating air] cyclone; tornado, whirlwind; dust devil. [rotation of an automobile] spin-out. axis, axis of rotation, swivel, pivot, pivot point; axle, spindle, pin, hinge, pole, arbor, bobbin, mandrel; axle shaft; gymbal; hub, hub of rotation. [rotation and translation together] helix, helical motion. [measure of rotation] angular momentum, angular velocity; revolutions per minute, RPM. [result of rotation] centrifugal force; surge; vertigo, dizzy round; coriolus force. [things that go around] carousel, merry-go-round; Ferris wheel; top, dreidel, teetotum; gyroscope; turntable, lazy suzan; screw, whirligig, rollingstone, water wheel, windmill; wheel, pulley wheel, roulette wheel, potter's wheel, pinwheel, gear; roller; flywheel; jack; caster; centrifuge, ultracentrifuge, bench centrifuge, refrigerated centrifuge, gas centrifuge, microfuge; drill, augur, oil rig; wagon wheel, wheel, tire, tyre [Brit.]. [Science of rotary motion] trochilics. [person who rotates] whirling dervish.

V. rotate; roll along; revolve, spin; turn round; circumvolve; circulate; gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, pirouette; twirl, trundle, troll, bowl. roll up, furl; wallow, welter; box the compass; spin like a top, spin like a teetotum. [of an automobile] spin out.

Adj. rotating &c. v.; rotary, rotary; circumrotatory, trochilic, vertiginous, gyratory; vortical, vorticose.

Adv. head over heels, round and round, like a horse in a mill.

#313. [Motion in the reverse circle.] Evolution —

N. evolution, counter-rotation, unfolding, development; evolvement; unfoldment; eversion &c. (inversion) .

V. counter-rotate, evolve; unfold, unroll, unwind, uncoil, untwist, unfurl, untwine, unravel; untangle, disentangle; develop.

Adj. evolving &c. v.; evolved &c. v..

Adv. counter-clockwise, anti-clockwise.

#314. [Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation —

N. oscillation; vibration, libration; motion of a pendulum; nutation; undulation; pulsation; pulse. alternation; coming and going &c. v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and down. fluctuation; vacillation &c. (irresolution) . wave, vibratiuncle, swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance, lurch, dodge; logan, loggan, rocking-stone, vibroscope.

V. oscillate; vibrate, librate; alternate, undulate, wave; rock, swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy; tick; play; wamble, wabble; dangle, swag. fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker; wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter; move up and down, bob up and down &c. adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go; vacillate &c. ; teeter [U.S.]. brandish, shake, flourish.

Adj. oscillating &c. v.; oscillatory, undulatory, pulsatory, libratory, rectilinear; vibratory, vibratile; pendulous.

Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, hither and yon, seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble, in and out, from side to side, like buckets in a well.

#315. [Irregular motion] Agitation —

N. agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion, trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation, quassation; shuffling &c. v.; twitter, flicker, flutter. turbulence, perturbation; commotion, turmoil, disquiet; tumult, tumultuation; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus, staggers, megrims, epilepsy, fits; carphology, chorea, floccillation, the jerks, St. Vitus's dance, tilmus. spasm, throe, throb, palpitation, convulsion. disturbance, chaos &c. (disorder) ; restlessness &c. (changeableness) . ferment, fermentation; ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly, cahotage; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpool, vortex &c. ; whirlwind &c. (wind) .

V. be agitated &c.; shake; tremble, tremble like an aspen leaf; quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire, writhe, toss, shuffle, tumble, stagger, bob, reel, sway, wag, waggle; wriggle, wriggle like an eel; dance, stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop, curvet, prance, cavort [U.S.]; squirm. throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter, flicker, bicker; bustle. ferment, effervesce, foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer. toss about, jump about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations; be the sport of the winds and waves; reel to and fro like a drunken man; move from post to pillar and from pillar to move from post to pillar and from pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from pillar to drive from post to pillar and from pillar to post, keep between hawk and buzzard. agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle, buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate.

Adj. shaking &c. v.; agitated tremulous; desultory, subsultory; saltatoric; quasative; shambling; giddy-paced, saltatory, convulsive, unquiet, restless, all of a twitter.

Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily &c. adj.; per saltum [Lat.]; hop skip and jump; in convulsions, in fits.

Phr. tempete dans un verre d'eau [Fr.].

CLASS III

WORDS RELATING TO MATTER

SECTION I.

MATTER IN GENERAL

#316. Materiality — N. materiality, materialness; corporeity, corporality; substantiality, substantialness, flesh and blood, plenum; physical condition. matter, body, substance, brute matter, stuff, element, principle, parenchyma [Biol.], material, substratum, hyle, corpus, pabulum; frame. object, article, thing, something; still life; stocks and stones; materials &c. . [Science of matter] physics; somatology, somatics; natural philosophy, experimental philosophy; physicism; physical science, philosophie positive [Fr.], materialism; materialist; physicist; somatism, somatist.

Adj. material, bodily; corporeal, corporal; physical; somatic, somatoscopic; sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial. objective, impersonal, nonsubjective, neuter, unspiritual, materialistic.

#317. Immateriality — N. immateriality, immaterialness; incorporeity, spirituality; inextension; astral plane. personality; I, myself, me; ego, spirit &c. (soul) ; astral body; immaterialism; spiritualism, spiritualist.

V. disembody, spiritualize. Adj. immaterial, immateriate; incorporeal, incorporal; incorporate, unfleshly; supersensible; asomatous, unextended; unembodied, disembodied; extramundane, unearthly; pneumatoscopic; spiritual &c. (psychical) . personal, subjective, nonobjective.

#318. World —

N. world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe, wide world; cosmos; kosmos; terraqueous globe, sphere; macrocosm, megacosm; music of the spheres. heavens, sky, welkin, empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions; varuna; vault of heaven, canopy of heaven; celestial spaces. heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids; nebulae; galaxy, milky way, galactic circle, via lactea [Lat.], ame no kawa [Jap.]. sun, orb of day, Apollo, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite, meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star; meteorite, uranolite. constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades. colures, equator, ecliptic, orbit. [Science of heavenly bodies] astronomy; uranography, uranology; cosmology, cosmography, cosmogony; eidouranion, orrery; geodesy &c. (measurement) ; star gazing, star gazer; astronomer; observatory; planetarium.

Adj. cosmic, cosmical; mundane, terrestrial, terrestrious, terraqueous, terrene, terreous, telluric, earthly, geotic, under the sun; sublunary, subastral. solar, heliacal; lunar; celestial, heavenly, sphery; starry, stellar; sidereal, sideral; astral; nebular; uranic.

Adv. in all creation, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun.

Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltergesicht [G.]; earth is but the frozen echo of the silent voice of earth is but the frozen echo of the silent voice of God" [Hageman]; green calm below, blue quietness above" [Whittier]; hanging in a golden chain this pendant hanging in a golden chain this pendant World" [Paradise Lost]; nothing in nature is unbeautiful" [Tennyson]; silently as a dream the fabric rose" [Cowper]; some touch of nature's genial glow" [Scott]; this majestical roof fretted with golden fire" [Hamlet]; through knowledge we behold the World's through knowledge we behold the World's creation" [Spenser].

#319. Gravity —

N. gravity, gravitation; weight; heaviness &c. adj.; specific gravity; pondorosity, pressure, load; burden, burthen; ballast, counterpoise; lump of, mass of, weight of. lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion. weighing, ponderation, trutination; weights; avoirdupois weight, troy weight, apothecaries' weight; grain, scruple, drachma, ounce, pound, lb, arroba, load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric ton, quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod. [metric weights] gram, centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram; nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram. [Weighing Instrument] balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale. [Science of gravity] statics.

V. be heavy &c. adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load. [Measure the weight of] weigh, poise.

Adj. weighty; weighing &c. v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable; lumpish, lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive. incumbent, superincumbent.

#320. Levity —

N. levity; lightness &c. adj.; imponderability, buoyancy, volatility. feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air. leaven, ferment, barm, yeast. lighter-than-air balloon, helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air balloon. convection, thermal draft, thermal.

V. be light &c. adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up. render light &c. adj.; lighten, leaven.

Adj. light, subtile, airy; imponderous, imponderable; astatic, weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery; suberose, suberous; uncompressed, volatile; buoyant, floating &c. v.; portable. light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon

SECTION II.

INORGANIC MATTER

1.

SOLID MATTER

#321. Density —

N. density, solidity; solidness &c. adj.; impenetrability, impermeability; incompressibility; imporosity; cohesion &c. ; constipation, consistence, spissitude. specific gravity; hydrometer, areometer. condensation; caseation; solidation, solidification; consolidation; concretion, coagulation; petrification &c. (hardening) ; crystallization, precipitation; deposit, precipitate; inspissation; gelation, thickening &c. v.. indivisibility, indiscerptibility, insolubility, indissolvableness. solid body, mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum; legumin. superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star.

V. be dense &c. adj.; become solid, render solid &c. adj.; solidify, solidate; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize; petrify &c. (harden) . condense, thicken, gel, inspissate, incrassate; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate.

Adj. dense, solid; solidified &c. v.; caseous; pukka; coherent, cohesive &c. ; compact, close, serried, thickset; substantial, massive, lumpish; impenetrable, impermeable, nonporous, imporous; incompressible; constipated; concrete &c. (hard) ; knotted, knotty; gnarled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous, stuffy. undissolved, unmelted, unliquefied, unthawed. indivisible, indiscerptible, infrangible, indissolvable, indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.

#322. Rarity —

N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c. ; subtility; subtilty, subtlety; sponginess, compressibility. rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization. vaporization, evaporation, diffusion, gassification. ether &c. (gas) .

V. rarefy, expand, dilate, subtilize.

Adj. rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight; light &c. ; cavernous, spongy &c. (hollow) . rarefied &c. v.; unsubstantial; uncompact, incompressed; rarefiable.

#323. Hardness — N. hardness &c. adj.; rigidity; renitence, renitency; inflexibility, temper, callosity, durity. induration, petrifaction; lapidification, lapidescence; vitrification, ossification; crystallization. stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement.

V. render hard &c. adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitrify; accrust.

Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, starched; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated; gritty, proof. adamant, adamantine, adamantean; concrete, stony, granitic, calculous, lithic, vitreous; horny, corneous; bony; osseous, ossific; cartilaginous; hard as a rock &c. n.; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker; stiff as starch, stiff as as board.

#324. Softness — N. softness, pliableness &c. adj.; flexibility; pliancy, pliability; sequacity, malleability; ductility, tractility; extendibility, extensibility; plasticity; inelasticity, flaccidity, laxity. penetrability. clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding; alumina, argil; cushion, pillow, feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam. mollification; softening &c. v..

V. render soft &c. adj.; soften, mollify, mellow, relax, temper; mash, knead, squash. bend, yield, relent, relax, give. plasticize'.

Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe, lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile, tractable; malleable, extensile, sequacious, inelastic; aluminous; remollient. yielding &c. v.; flabby, limp, flimsy. doughy, spongy, penetrable, foamy, cushiony. flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous, medullary [Anat.], argillaceous, mellow. soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken.

#325. Elasticity — N. elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency, buoyancy. rubber, India rubber, Indian rubber, latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum elastic, baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna-S, plastic. flexibility, Young's modulus.

V. stretch, flex, extend, distend, be elastic &c. adj.; bounce, spring back &c. (recoil) .

Adj. elastic, flexible, tensile, spring, resilient, renitent, buoyant; ductile, stretchable, extendable.

Phr. the stress is proportional to the strain.

#326. Inelasticity — N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity &c. ; inelasticity &c. (softness) ,

Adj. unyielding, inelastic, inflexible &c. (soft) ; irresilient.

#327. Tenacity — N. tenacity, toughness, strength; (cohesion) ; grip, grasp, stickiness, (cohesion) ; sequacity; stubbornness &c. (obstinacy);; glue, cement, glutinousness, sequaciousness, viscidity, (semiliquidity) . leather; white leather, whitleather; gristle, cartilage. unbreakability, tensile strength.

V. be tenacious &c. adj.; resist fracture. grip, grasp, stick (cohesion) .

Adj. tenacious, tough, strong, resisting, sequacious, stringy, gristly cartilaginous, leathery, coriaceous, tough as whitleather; stubborn &c. (obstinate) . unbreakable, indivisible; atomic.

#328. Brittleness — N. brittleness &c. adj.; fragility, friability, frangibility, fissibility; house of cards, house of glass.

V. be brittle &c. adj.; live in a glass house. break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splinter, crumble, break short, burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces; crumble to, crumble into dust.

Adj. brittle, brash [U.S.], breakable, weak, frangible, fragile, frail, gimcrack, shivery, fissile; splitting &c. v.; lacerable, splintery, crisp, crimp, short, brittle as glass.

#329. [Structure.] Texture —

N. structure (form) , organization, anatomy, frame, mold, fabric, construction; framework, carcass, architecture; stratification, cleavage. substance, stuff, compages, parenchyma [Biol.]; constitution, staple, organism. [Science of structures] organography, osteology, myology, splanchnology, neurology, angiography, adeology; angiography, adenography. texture, surface texture; intertexture, contexture; tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and weft; tooth, nap &c. (roughness) ; flatness (smoothness) ; fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods. silk, satin; muslin, burlap. [Science of textures] histology.

Adj. structural, organic; anatomic, anatomical. textural, textile; fine grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate, subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse; homespun. rough, gritty; smooth. smooth as silk, smooth as satin.

#330. Pulverulence — N. powderiness [State of powder.], pulverulence; sandiness &c. adj.; efflorescence; friability. powder, dust, sand, shingle; sawdust; grit; meal, bran, flour, farina, rice, paddy, spore, sporule; crumb, seed, grain; particle &c. (smallness) ; limature, filings, debris, detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs, magistery, fine powder; flocculi [Lat.]. smoke; cloud of dust, cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke, volume of smoke; sand storm, dust storm. [Reduction to powder] pulverization, comminution, attenuation, granulation, disintegration, subaction, contusion, trituration [Chem], levigation, abrasion, detrition, multure; limitation; tripsis; filing &c. v.. [Instruments for pulverization] mill, arrastra, gristmill, grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater, teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern, quern, koniology.

V. come to dust; be disintegrated, be reduced to powder &c.. reduce to powder, grind to powder; pulverize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate; scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund; beat, crush, cranch, craunch, crunch, scranch, crumble, disintegrate; attenuate &c. .

Adj. powdery, pulverulent, granular, mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny, furfuraceous, flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous, psammous; arenose, arenarious, arenaceous; gritty, efflorescent, impalpable; lentiginous, lepidote, sabuline; sporaceous, sporous. pulverizable; friable, crumbly, shivery; pulverized &c. v.; attrite; in pieces.

#331. Friction — N. friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion, scraping &c. v.; confrication, detrition, contrition, affriction, abrasion, arrosion, limature, frication, rub; elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness &c. . rolling friction, sliding friction, starting friction.

V. rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind &c. (reduce to powder) . set one's teeth on edge; rosin.

Adj. anatriptic; attrite.

#332. [Absence of friction. Prevention of friction.] Lubrication —

N. smoothness &c. ; unctuousness &c. . lubrication, lubrification; anointment; oiling &c. v.. synovia [Anat.]; glycerine, oil, lubricating oil, grease &c. ; saliva; lather. teflon.

V. lubricate, lubricitate; oil, grease, lather, soap; wax.

Adj. lubricated &c. v.; lubricous.

2.

FLUID MATTER

1. Fluids in General

#333. Fluidity — N. fluidity, liquidity; liquidness &c. adj.; gaseity &c. . fluid, inelastic fluid; liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap, serum, blood, serosity, gravy, rheum, ichor, sanies; chyle [Med.]. solubility, solubleness. [Science of liquids at rest] hydrology, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics.

V. be fluid &c. adj.; flow &c. (water in motion) ; liquefy, melt, condense &c. . Adj. liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, succulent, sappy; ichorous; fluent &c. (flowing) . liquefied &c. ; uncongealed; soluble.

#334. Gaseity —

N. gaseity; vaporousness &c. adj.; flatulence, flatulency; volatility; aeration, aerification. elastic fluid, gas, air, vapor, ether, steam, essence, fume, reek, effluvium, flatus; cloud &c. ; ammonia, ammoniacal gas; volatile alkali; vacuum, partial vacuum. [Science of elastic fluids] pneumatics, pneumatostatics; aerostatics, aerodynamics. gasmeter, gasometer; air bladder, swimming bladder, sound, (of a fish).

V. vaporize, evaporate, evanesce, gasify, emit vapor &c. ; diffuse. Adj. gaseous, aeriform, ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous, volatile, evaporable, flatulent.

#335. Liquefaction — N. liquefaction; liquescence, liquescency; melting &c. (heat) ; colliquation, colliquefaction; thaw; liquation, deliquation, deliquescence; lixiviation, dissolution. solution, apozem, lixivium, infusion, flux. solvent, menstruum, alkahest.

V. render liquid &c. ; liquefy, run; deliquesce; melt &c. (heat) ; solve; dissolve, resolve; liquate; hold in solution; condense, precipitate, rain.

Adj. liquefied &c. v., liquescent, liquefiable; deliquescent, soluble, colliquative.

#336. Vaporization — N. vaporization, volatilization; gasification, evaporation, vaporation; distillation, cupellation [Chem], cohobation, sublimination, exhalation; volatility. vaporizer, still, retort; fumigation, steaming; bay salt, chloride of sodium. mister, spray. bubble, effervescence.'

V. render gaseous &c. ; vaporize, volatilize; distill, sublime; evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapor, fume, reek, steam, fumigate; cohobate; finestill. bubble, sparge, effervesce, boil.

Adj. volatilized &c. v.; reeking &c. v.; volatile; evaporable, vaporizable. bubbly, effervescent, boiling.

2. Specific Fluids

#337. Water —

N. water; serum, serosity; lymph; rheum; diluent; agua [Sp.], aqua, pani. dilution, maceration, lotion; washing &c. v.; immersion, humectation, infiltration, spargefaction, affusion, irrigation, douche, balneation, bath. deluge &c. (water in motion) ; high water, flood tide.

V. be watery &c. adj.; reek. add water, water, wet; moisten &c. ; dilute, dip, immerse; merge; immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; soak, steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe, affuse, splash, swash, douse, drench; dabble, slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge; syringe, inject, gargle. Adj. watery, aqueous, aquatic, hydrous, lymphatic; balneal, diluent; drenching &c. v.; diluted &c. v.; weak; wet &c. (moist) .

Phr. the waters are out.

#338. Air —

N. air &c. (gas) ; common air, atmospheric air; atmosphere; aerosphere. open air; sky, welkin; blue sky; cloud &c. . weather, climate, rise and fall of the barometer, isobar. [Science of air] aerology, aerometry, aeroscopy, aeroscopy, aerography; meteorology, climatology; pneumatics; eudioscope, baroscope, aeroscope, eudiometer, barometer, aerometer; aneroid, baroscope; weather gauge, weather glass, weather cock. exposure to the air, exposure to the weather; ventilation; aerostation, aeronautics, aeronaut.

V. air, ventilate, fan &c. (wind) .

Adj. containing air, flatulent, effervescent; windy &c. . atmospheric, airy; aerial, aeriform; meteorological; weatherwise.

Adv. in the open air, a la belle etoile [Fr.], al fresco; sub jove dio [Lat.].

#339. Moisture — N. moisture; moistness &c. adj.; humidity, humectation; madefaction, dew; serein; marsh &c. ; hygrometry, hygrometer.

V. moisten, wet; humect, humectate; sponge, damp, bedew; imbue, imbrue, infiltrate, saturate; soak, drench &c. (water) . be moist &c. adj.; not have a dry thread; perspire &c. (exude) .

Adj. moist, damp; watery &c. ; madid, roric; undried, humid, sultry, wet, dank, luggy, dewy; roral, rorid; roscid; juicy. wringing wet, soaking wet; wet through to the skin; saturated &c. v.. swashy, soggy, dabbled; reeking, dripping, soaking, soft, sodden, sloppy, muddy; swampy &c. (marshy) ; irriguous.

#340. Dryness —

N. dryness &c. adj.; siccity, aridity, drought, ebb tide, low water. exsiccation, desiccation; arefaction, dephlegmation, drainage; drier. [chemical subs. which renders dry] desiccative, dessicator. [device to render dry] dessicator; hair drier, clothes drier, gas drier, electric drier; vacuum oven, drying oven, kiln; lyophilizer. clothesline.

V. be dry &c. adj.. render dry &c. adj.; dry; dry up, soak up; sponge, swab, wipe; drain. desiccate, dehydrate, exsiccate; parch. kiln dry; vacuum dry, blow dry, oven dry; hang out to dry. mummify. be fine, hold up.

Adj. dry, anhydrous, arid; adust, arescent; dried &c. v.; undamped; juiceless, sapless; sear; husky; rainless, without rain, fine; dry as a bone, dry as dust, dry as a stick, dry as a mummy, dry as a biscuit. water proof, water tight. dehydrated, dessicated.

#341. Ocean —

N. sea, ocean, main, deep, brine, salt water, waves, billows, high seas, offing, great waters, watery waste, vasty deep;" wave, tide, &c. (water in motion) . hydrography, hydrographer; Neptune, Poseidon, Thetis, Triton, Naiad, Nereid; sea nymph, Siren; trident, dolphin.

Adj. oceanic; marine, maritime; pelagic, pelagian; seagoing; hydrographic; bathybic, cotidal.

Adv. at sea, on sea; afloat.

#342. Land —

N. land, earth, ground, dry land, terra firma. continent, mainland, peninsula, chersonese [Fr.], delta; tongue of land, neck of land; isthmus, oasis; promontory &c. (projection) ; highland &c. (height) . coast, shore, scar, strand, beach; playa; bank, lea; seaboard, seaside, seabank, seacoast, seabeach; ironbound coast; loom of the land; derelict; innings; alluvium, alluvion; ancon. riverbank, river bank, levee. soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, cledge, chalk, gravel, mold, subsoil, clod, clot; rock, crag. acres; real estate &c. (property) ; landsman.

V. land, come to land, set foot on the soil, set foot on dry land; come ashore, go ashore, debark. Adj. earthy, continental, midland, coastal, littoral, riparian; alluvial; terrene &c. (world) ; landed, predial, territorial; geophilous; ripicolous.

Adv. ashore; on shore, on land.

#343. Gulf. Lake — N. land covered with water, gulf, gulph, bay, inlet, bight, estuary, arm of the sea, bayou [U.S.], fiord, armlet; frith, firth, ostiary, mouth; lagune, lagoon; indraught; cove, creek; natural harbor; roads; strait; narrows; Euripus; sound, belt, gut, kyles; continental slope, continental shelf. lake, loch, lough, mere, tarn, plash, broad, pond, pool, lin, puddle, slab, well, artesian well; standing water, dead water, sheet of water; fish pond, mill pond; ditch, dike, dyke, dam; reservoir &c. (store) ; alberca, barachois, hog wallow [U.S.].

Adj. lacustrine.

#344. Plain —

N. plain, table-land, face of the country; open country, champaign country; basin, downs, waste, weary waste, desert, wild, steppe, pampas, savanna, prairie, heath, common, wold, veldt; moor, moorland; bush; plateau &c. (level) ; campagna; alkali flat, llano; mesa, mesilla [U.S.], playa; shaking prairie, trembling prairie; vega [Sp.]. meadow, mead, haugh, pasturage, park, field, lawn, green, plat, plot, grassplat, greensward, sward, turf, sod, heather; lea, ley, lay; grounds; maidan, agostadero.

Adj. champaign, alluvial; campestral, campestrial, campestrian, campestrine.

#345. Marsh —

N. marsh, swamp, morass, marish, moss, fen, bog, quagmire, slough, sump, wash; mud, squash, slush; baygall [U.S.], cienaga, jhil, vlei.

Adj. marsh, marshy; swampy, boggy, plashy, poachy, quaggy, soft; muddy, sloppy, squashy; paludal; moorish, moory; fenny.

#346. Island —

N. island, isle, islet, eyot, ait, holf, reef, atoll, breaker; archipelago; islander.

Adj. insular, seagirt; archipelagic.

3. Fluids in Motion

#347. [Fluid in motion.] Stream —

N. stream &c. (of water) , (of air) . flowmeter.

V. flow &c. ; blow &c. .

#348. [Water in motion.] River —

N. running water. jet, spirt, spurt, squirt, spout, spray, splash, rush, gush, jet d'eau [Fr.]; sluice. water spout, water fall; cascade, force, foss; lin, linn; ghyll, Niagara; cataract, rapids, white water, catadupe, cataclysm; debacle, inundation, deluge; chute, washout. rain, rainfall; serein; shower, scud; downpour; driving rain, drenching rain, cloudburst; hyetology, hyetography; predominance of Aquarius, reign of St. Swithin; mizzle, drizzle, stillicidum, plash; dropping &c. v.; falling weather; northeaster, hurricane, typhoon. stream, course, flux, flow, profluence; effluence &c. (egress) ; defluxion; flowing &c. v.; current, tide, race, coulee. spring, artesian well, fount, fountain; rill, rivulet, gill, gullet, rillet; streamlet, brooklet; branch [U.S.]; runnel, sike, burn, beck, creek, brook, bayou, stream, river; reach, tributary. geyser, spout, waterspout. body of water, torrent, rapids, flush, flood, swash; spring tide, high tide, full tide; bore, tidal bore, eagre, hygre; fresh, freshet; indraught, reflux, undercurrent, eddy, vortex, gurge, whirlpool, Maelstrom, regurgitation, overflow; confluence, corrivation. wave, billow, surge, swell, ripple; anerythmon gelasma [Gr.]; beach comber, riffle [U.S.], rollers, ground swell, surf, breakers, white horses, whitecaps; rough sea, heavy sea, high seas, cross sea, long sea, short sea, chopping sea. [Science of fluids in motion] hydrodynamics; hydraulics, hydraulicostatics; rain gauge, flowmeter; pegology. irrigation &c. (water) ; pump; watering pot, watering cart; hydrant, syringe; garden hose, lawn spray; bhisti, mussuk.

V. flow, run; meander; gush, pour, spout, roll, jet, well, issue; drop, drip, dribble, plash, spirtle, trill, trickle, distill, percolate; stream, overflow, inundate, deluge, flow over, splash, swash; guggle, murmur, babble, bubble, purl, gurgle, sputter, spurt, spray, regurgitate; ooze, flow out &c. (egress) . rain hard, rain in torrents, rain cats and dogs, rain pitchforks; pour with rain, drizzle, spit, set in; mizzle. flow into, fall into, open into, drain into; discharge itself, disembogue. [Cause a flow] pour; pour out &c. (discharge) ; shower down, irrigate, drench &c. (wet) ; spill, splash. [Stop a flow] stanch; dam, up &c. (close) ; obstruct &c. .

Adj. fluent; diffluent, profluent, affluent; tidal; flowing &c. v.; meandering, meandry, meandrous; fluvial, fluviatile; streamy, showery, rainy, pluvial, stillicidous; stillatitious.

Phr. for men may come and men may go but I go on for men may come and men may go but I go on forever" [Tennyson]; that old man river, he just keeps rolling that old man river, he just keeps rolling along" [Showboat].

#349. [Air in motion] Wind —

N. wind, draught, flatus, afflatus, efflation, eluvium; air; breath, breath of air; puff, whiff, zephyr; blow, breeze, drift; aura; stream, current, jet stream; undercurrent. gust, blast, squall, gale, half a gale, storm, tempest, hurricane, whirlwind, tornado, samiel, cyclone, anticyclone, typhoon; simoon, simoom; harmattan, monsoon, trade wind, sirocco, mistral, bise, tramontane, levanter; capful of wind; fresh breeze, stiff breeze; keen blast; blizzard, barber [Can.], candelia, chinook, foehn, khamsin, norther, vendaval, wuther. windiness &c. adj.; ventosity; rough weather, dirty weather, ugly weather, stress of weather; dirty sky, mare's tail; thick squall, black squall, white squall. anemography, aerodynamics; wind gauge, weathercock, vane, weather-vane, wind sock; anemometer, anemoscope. sufflation, insufflation, perflation, inflation, afflation; blowing, fanning &c. v.; ventilation. sneezing &c. v.; errhine; sternutative, sternutatory; sternutation; hiccup, hiccough; catching of the breath. Eolus, Boreas, Zephyr, cave of Eolus. air pump, air blower, lungs, bellows, blowpipe, fan, ventilator, punkah; branchiae, gills, flabellum, vertilabrum. whiffle ball.

V. blow, waft; blow hard, blow great guns, blow a hurricane &c. n.; wuther; stream, issue. respire, breathe, puff; whiff, whiffle; gasp, wheeze; snuff, snuffle; sniff, sniffle; sneeze, cough. fan, ventilate; inflate, perflate; blow up.

Adj. blowing &c. v.; windy, flatulent; breezy, gusty, squally; stormy, tempestuous, blustering; boisterous &c. (violent) . pulmonic [Med.], pulmonary. Phr. lull'd by soft zephyrs" [Pope]; the storm is up and all is on the hazard" [Julius Caesar]; the winds were wither'd in the stagnant air" [Byron]; while mocking winds are piping loud" [Milton]; winged with red lightning and tempestuous winged with red lightning and tempestuous rage" [Paradise Lost].

#350. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit —

N. conduit, channel, duct, watercourse, race; head race, tail race; abito, aboideau, aboiteau [Fr.], bito; acequia, acequiador, acequiamadre; arroyo; adit, aqueduct, canal, trough, gutter, pantile; flume, ingate, runner; lock-weir, tedge; vena; dike, main, gully, moat, ditch, drain, sewer, culvert, cloaca, sough, kennel, siphon; piscina; pipe &c. (tube) ; funnel; tunnel &c. (passage) ; water pipe, waste pipe; emunctory, gully hole, artery, aorta, pore, spout, scupper; adjutage, ajutage; hose; gargoyle; gurgoyle; penstock, weir; flood gate, water gate; sluice, lock, valve; rose; waterworks. pipeline.

Adj. vascular &c. (with holes) .

#351. [Channel for the passage of air.] Airpipe —

N. air pipe, air tube; airhole, blowhole, breathinghole, venthole; shaft, flue, chimney, funnel, vent, nostril, nozzle, throat, weasand, trachea; bronchus, bronchia [Med.]; larynx, tonsils, windpipe, spiracle; ventiduct, ventilator; louvre, jalousie, Venetian blinds; blowpipe &c. (wind) ; pipe &c. (tube) ; jhilmil; smokestack. screen, window screen.' artificial lung, iron lung, heart and lung machine.

3.

IMPERFECT FLUIDS

#352. Semiliquidity — N. semiliquidity; stickiness &c. adj.; viscidity, viscosity; gummosity, glutinosity, mucosity; spissitude, crassitude; lentor; adhesiveness &c. (cohesion) . inspissation, incrassation; thickening. jelly, mucilage, gelatin, gluten; carlock, fish glue; ichthyocol, ichthycolla; isinglass; mucus, phlegm, goo; pituite, lava; glair, starch, gluten, albumen, milk, cream, protein; treacle; gum, size, glue (tenacity) ; wax, beeswax. emulsion, soup; squash, mud, slush, slime, ooze; moisture &c. ; marsh &c. .

V. inspissate, incrassate; thicken, mash, squash, churn, beat up. sinter.

Adj. semifluid, semiliquid; tremellose; half melted, half frozen; milky, muddy &c. n.; lacteal, lactean, lacteous, lactescent, lactiferous; emulsive, curdled, thick, succulent, uliginous. gelatinous, albuminous, mucilaginous, glutinous; glutenous, gelatin, mastic, amylaceous, ropy, clammy, clotted; viscid, viscous; sticky, tacky, gooey; slab, slabby; lentous, pituitous; mucid, muculent, mucous; gummy.

#353. [Mixture of air and water.] Bubble [Cloud.] —

N. bubble, foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast, barm, spindrift. cloud, vapor, fog, mist, haze, steam, geyser; scud, messenger, rack, nimbus; cumulus, woolpack, cirrus, stratus; cirrostratus, cumulostratus; cirrocumulus; mackerel sky, mare's tale, dirty sky; curl cloud; frost smoke; thunderhead. [Science of clouds] nephelognosy; nephograph, nephology. effervescence, fermentation; bubbling &c. v.. nebula; cloudliness &c. (opacity) ; nebulosity &c. (dimness) .

V. bubble, boil, foam, froth, mantle, sparkle, guggle, gurgle; effervesce, ferment, fizzle.

Adj. bubbling &c. v.; frothy, nappy, effervescent, sparkling, mousseux [Fr.], frothy [Fr.Tr.], up. cloudy &c. n.; thunderheaded; vaporous, nebulous, overcast. Phr. the lowring element scowls o'er the darkened the lowring element scowls o'er the darkened landscip" [Paradise Lost].

#354. Pulpiness — N. pulpiness &c. adj.; pulp, taste, dough, curd, pap, rob, jam, pudding, poultice, grume. mush, oatmeal, baby food.

Adj. pulpy &c. n.; pultaceous, grumous; baccate.

#355. Unctuousness — N. unctuousness &c. adj.; unctuosity, lubricity; ointment &c. (oil) ; anointment; lubrication &c. .

V. oil &c. (lubricate) .

Adj. unctuous, oily, oleaginous, adipose, sebaceous; unguinous; fat, fatty, greasy; waxy, butyraceous, soapy, saponaceous, pinguid, lardaceous; slippery.

#356. Oil —

N. oil, fat, butter, cream, grease, tallow, suet, lard, dripping exunge, blubber; glycerin, stearin, elaine [Chem], oleagine; soap; soft soap, wax, cerement; paraffin, spermaceti, adipocere; petroleum, mineral, mineral rock, mineral crystal, mineral oil; vegetable oil, colza oil, olive oil, salad oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, nut oil; animal oil, neat's foot oil, train oil; ointment, unguent, liniment; aceite, amole, Barbados tar; fusel oil, grain oil, rape oil, seneca oil; hydrate of amyl, ghee; heating oil, #2 oil, No. 2 oil, distillate, residual oils, kerosene, jet fuel, gasoline, naphtha; stearin.

#356a. Resin — N. resin, rosin; gum; lac, sealing wax; amber, ambergris; bitumen, pitch, tar; asphalt, asphaltum; camphor; varnish, copal, mastic, magilp, lacquer, japan. artificial resin, polymer; ion-exchange resin, cation-exchange resin, anion exchange resin, water softener, Amberlite, Dowex [Chem], Diaion.

V. varnish &c. (overlay) .

Adj. resiny, resinous; bituminous, pitchy, tarry; asphaltic, asphaltite.

SECTION III.

ORGANIC MATTER

1.

VITALITY

1. Vitality in general

#357. Organization — N. organized world, organized nature; living nature, animated nature; living beings; organic remains, fossils. protoplasm, cytoplasm, protein; albumen; structure &c. ; organization, organism. [Science of living beings] biology; natural history, organic chemistry, anatomy, physiology; zoology &c. ; botany; microbiology, virology, bacteriology, mycology &c. ; naturalist. archegenesis &c. (production) ; antherozoid, bioplasm, biotaxy, chromosome, dysmeromorph; ecology, oecology; erythroblast [Physio.], gametangium, gamete, germinal matter, invagination [Biol.]; isogamy, oogamy; karyaster; macrogamete, microgamete; metabolism, anabolism, catabolism; metaplasm, ontogeny, ovary, ovum, oxidation, phylogeny, polymorphism, protozoa, spermary, spermatozoon, trophoplasm, vacuole, vertebration, zoogloea, zygote. Darwinism, neo-Darwinism, Lamarkism, neoLamarkism, Weismannism. morphology, taxonomy.

Adj. organic, organized; karyoplasmic, unsegmentic, vacuolar, zoogloeic, zoogloeoid.

#358. Inorganization — N. mineral world, mineral kingdom; unorganized matter, inorganic matter, brute matter, inanimate matter. [Science of the mineral kingdom] mineralogy, geology, geognosy, geoscopy; metallurgy, metallography; lithology; oryctology, oryctography.

V. turn to dust; mineralize, fossilize. Adj. inorganic, inanimate, inorganized; lithoidal; azoic; mineral.

#359. Life —

N. life, vitality, viability; animation; vital spark, vital flame, soul, spirit. respiration, wind; breath of life, breath of one's nostrils; oxygen, air. [devices to sustain respiration] respirator, artificial respirator, heart and lung machine, iron lung; medical devices &c. . lifeblood; Archeus; existence &c. . vivification; vital force; vitalization; revivification &c. ; Prometheus; life to come &c. (destiny) . [Science of life] physiology, biology; animal ecology. nourishment, staff of life &c. (food) . genetics, heredity, inheritance, evolution, natural selection, reproduction (production) . microbe, aerobe, anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, halophile [Micro.], methanogen [Micro.], archaebacteria [Micro.], microaerophile [Micro.]. animal &c. ; vegetable &c. . artificial life, robot, robotics, artificial intelligence. [vital signs] breathing, breathing rate, heartbeat, pulse, temperature. preservation of life, healing (medicine) .

V. be alive &c. adj.; live, breathe, respire; subsist &c. (exist) ; walk the earth, strut and fret one's hour upon the stage" [Macbeth]; be spared. see the light, be born, come into the world, fetch breath, draw breath, fetch the breath of life, draw the breath of life; quicken; revive; come to life. give birth to &c. (produce) ; bring to life, put into life, vitalize; vivify, vivificate; reanimate &c. (restore) ; keep alive, keep body and soul together, keep the wolf from the door; support life. hive nine lives like a cat.

Adj. living, alive; in life, in the flesh, in the land of the living; on this side of the grave, above ground, breathing, quick, animated; animative; lively &c. (active) ; all alive and kicking; tenacious of life; full of life, yeasty. vital, vitalic; vivifying, vivified, &c. v.; viable, zoetic; Promethean.

Adv. vivendi causa [Lat.].

Phr. atqui vivere militare est [Lat.] [Seneca]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat.] [Marial].

#360. Death —

N. death; decease, demise; dissolution, departure, obit, release, rest, quietus, fall; loss, bereavement; mortality, morbidity. end of life &c. , cessation of life &c. , loss of life, extinction of life, ebb of life &c. . death warrant, death watch, death rattle, death bed; stroke of death, agonies of death, shades of death, valley of death, jaws of death, hand of death; last breath, last gasp, last agonies; dying day, dying breath, dying agonies; chant du cygne [Fr.]; rigor mortis [Lat.]; Stygian shore. King of terrors, King Death; Death; doom &c. (necessity) ; Hell's grim Tyrant" [Pope]. euthanasia; break up of the system; natural death, natural decay; sudden death, violent death; untimely end, watery grave; debt of nature; suffocation, asphyxia; fatal disease &c. (disease) ; death blow &c. (killing) . necrology, bills of mortality, obituary; death song &c. (lamentation) .

V. die, expire, perish; meet one's death, meet one's end; pass away, be taken; yield one's breath, resign one's breath; resign one's being, resign one's life; end one's days, end one's life, end one's earthly career; breathe one's last; cease to live, cease to breathe; depart this life; be no more &c. adj.; go off, drop off, pop off; lose one's life, lay down one's life, relinquish one's life, surrender one's life; drop into the grave, sink into the grave; close one's eyes; fall dead, drop dead, fall down dead, drop down dead; break one's neck; give up the ghost, yield up the ghost; be all over with one. pay the debt to nature, shuffle off this mortal coil, take one's last sleep; go the way of all flesh; hand in one's checks, pass in one's checks, hand in one's chips, pass in one's chips [U.S.]; join the greater number, join the majority; come to dust, turn to dust; cross the Stygian ferry, cross the bar; go to one's long account, go to one's last home, go to Davy Jones's locker, go to the wall; receive one's death warrant, make one's will, step out, die a natural death, go out like the snuff of a candle; come to an untimely end; catch one's death; go off the hooks, kick the bucket, buy the farm, hop the twig, turn up one's toes; die a violent death &c. (be killed) . Adj. dead, lifeless; deceased, demised, departed, defunct, extinct; late, gone, no more; exanimate, inanimate; out of the world, taken off, released; departed this life &c. v.; dead and gone; dead as a doornail, dead as a doorpost, dead as a mutton, dead as a herring, dead as nits; launched into eternity, gone to one's eternal reward, gone to meet one's maker, pushing up daisies, gathered to one's fathers, numbered with the dead. dying &c. v.; moribund, morient; hippocratic; in articulo, in extremis; in the jaws of death, in the agony of death; going off; aux abois [Fr.]; one one's last legs, on one's death bed; at the point of death, at death's door, at the last gasp; near one's end, given over, booked; with one foot in the grave, tottering on the brink of the grave. stillborn; mortuary; deadly &c. (killing) .

Adv. post obit, post mortem [Lat.].

Phr. life ebbs, life fails, life hangs by a thread; one's days are numbered, one's hour is come, one's race is run, one's doom is sealed; Death knocks at the door, Death stares one in the face; the breath is out of the body; the grave closes over one; sic itur ad astra [Lat.] [Vergil]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum [Lat.]; dulce et decorum est pro patria mori [Lat.] [Horace]; honesta mors turpi vita potior [Lat.] [Tacitus]; in adamantine chains shall death be bound" [Pope]; mors ultima linea rerum est [Lat.] [Girace]; ominia mors aequat [Lat.] [Claudianus]; Spake the grisly Terror" [Paradise Lost]; the lone couch of this everlasting sleep" [Shelley]; nothing is certain but death and taxes.

#361. [Destruction of life; violent death.] Killing —

N. killing &c. v.; homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination, trucidation, iccusion; effusion of blood; blood, blood shed; gore, slaughter, carnage, butchery; battue. massacre; fusillade, noyade; thuggery, Thuggism. deathblow, finishing stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution &c. (capital punishment) ; judicial murder; martyrdom. butcher, slayer, murderer, Cain, assassin, terrorist, cutthroat, garroter, bravo, Thug, Moloch, matador, sabreur; guet-a-pens; gallows, executioner &c. (punishment) ; man-eater, apache, hatchet man [U.S.], highbinder [U.S.]. regicide, parricide, matricide, fratricide, infanticide, feticide, foeticide, uxoricide, vaticide. suicide, felo de se, hara-kiri, suttee, Juggernath; immolation, auto da fe, holocaust. suffocation, strangulation, garrote; hanging &c. v.; lapidation. deadly weapon &c. (arms) ; Aceldama. [Destruction of animals] slaughtering; phthisozoics; sport, sporting; the chase, venery; hunting, coursing, shooting, fishing; pig-sticking; sportsman, huntsman, fisherman; hunter, Nimrod; slaughterhouse, meat packing plant, shambles, abattoir. fatal accident, violent death, casualty.

V. kill, put to death, slay, shed blood; murder, assassinate, butcher, slaughter, victimize, immolate; massacre; take away life, deprive of life; make away with, put an end to; despatch, dispatch; burke, settle, do for. strangle, garrote, hang, throttle, choke, stifle, suffocate, stop the breath, smother, asphyxiate, drown. saber; cut down, cut to pieces, cut the throat; jugulate; stab, run through the body, bayonet, eviscerate; put to the sword, put to the edge of the sword. shoot dead; blow one's brains out; brain, knock on the head; stone, lapidate; give a deathblow; deal a deathblow; give a quietus, give a coupe de grace. behead, bowstring, electrocute, gas &c. (execute) . hunt, shoot &c. n.. cut off, nip in the bud, launch into eternity, send to one's last account, sign one's death warrant, strike the death knell of. give no quarter, pour out blood like water; decimate; run amuck; wade knee deep in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood. die a violent death, welter in one's blood; dash out one's brains, blow out one's brains; commit suicide; kill oneself, make away with oneself, put an end to oneself, put an end to it all.

Adj. killing &c. v.; murderous, slaughterous; sanguinary, sanguinolent; blood stained, blood thirsty; homicidal, red handed; bloody, bloody minded; ensanguined, gory; thuggish. mortal, fatal, lethal; dead, deadly; mortiferous, lethiferous; unhealthy &c. ; internecine; suicidal. sporting; piscatorial, piscatory. Adv. in at the death.

Phr. assassination has never changed the history of the assassination has never changed the history of the world" [Disraeli].

#362. Corpse —

N. corpse, corse, carcass, cadaver, bones, skeleton, dry bones; defunct, relics, reliquiae [Lat.], remains, mortal remains, dust, ashes, earth, clay; mummy; carrion; food for worms, food for fishes; tenement of clay this mortal coil. shade, ghost, manes. organic remains, fossils.

Adj. cadaverous, corpse-like; unburied &c. ; sapromyiophyllous.

#363. Interment — N. interment, burial, sepulture; inhumation; obsequies, exequies; funeral, wake, pyre, funeral pile; cremation. funeral, funeral rite, funeral solemnity; kneel, passing bell, tolling; dirge &c. (lamentation) ; cypress; orbit, dead march, muffled drum; mortuary, undertaker, mute; elegy; funeral, funeral oration, funeral sermon; epitaph. graveclothes, shroud, winding sheet, cerecloth; cerement. coffin, shell, sarcophagus, urn, pall, bier, hearse, catafalque, cinerary urn. grave, pit, sepulcher, tomb, vault, crypt, catacomb, mausoleum, Golgotha, house of death, narrow house; cemetery, necropolis; burial place, burial ground; grave yard, church yard; God's acre; tope, cromlech, barrow, tumulus, cairn; ossuary; bone house, charnel house, dead house; morgue; lich gate; burning ghat; crematorium, crematory; dokhma, mastaba, potter's field, stupa, Tower of Silence. sexton, gravedigger. monument, cenotaph, shrine; grave stone, head stone, tomb stone; memento mori [Lat.]; hatchment, stone; obelisk, pyramid. exhumation, disinterment; necropsy, autopsy, post mortem examination [Lat.]; zoothapsis.

V. inter, bury; lay in the grave, consign to the grave, lay in the tomb, entomb, in tomb; inhume; lay out, perform a funeral, embalm, mummify; toll the knell; put to bed with a shovel; inurn. exhume, disinter, unearth. Adj. burried &c. v.; burial, funereal, funebrial; mortuary, sepulchral, cinerary; elegiac; necroscopic.

Adv. in memoriam; post obit, post mortem [Lat.]; beneath the sod. Phr. hic jacet [Lat.], ci-git [Fr.]; RIP; requiescat in pace [Lat.]; the lone couch of his everlasting sleep" [Shelley]; without a grave-unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and without a grave-unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and unknown" [Byron]; in the dark union of insensate dust" [Byron]; the deep cold shadow of the tomb" [Moore].

2. Special Vitality

#364. Animality — N. animal life; animation, animality, animalization; animalness, corporeal nature, human system; breath. flesh, flesh and blood; physique; strength &c. .

Adj. fleshly, human, corporeal.

#365. Vegetability —

N. vegetable life; vegetation, vegetability; vegetality.

V. vegetate, grow roots, put down roots. Adj. rank, lush; vegetable, vegetal, vegetive.

#366. Animal —

N. animal, animal kingdom; fauna; brute creation. beast, brute, creature, critter [U.S.]; wight, created being; creeping thing, living thing; dumb animal, dumb creature; zoophyte. [major divisions of animals] mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, crustacean, shellfish, mollusk, worm, insect, arthropod, microbe. [microscopic animals] microbe, animalcule &c. . [reptiles] alligator, crocodile; saurian; dinosaur (extinct); snake, serpent, viper, eft; asp, aspick. [amphibians] frog, toad. [fishes] trout, bass, tuna, muskelunge, sailfish, sardine, mackerel. [insects] ant, mosquito, bee, honeybee. [arthropods] tardigrade, spider. [classification by number of feet] biped, quadruped; [web-footed animal] webfoot. flocks and herds, live stock; domestic animals, wild animals; game, ferae naturae [Lat.]; beasts of the field, fowls of the air, denizens of the sea; black game, black grouse; blackcock, duck, grouse, plover, rail, snipe. [domesticated mammals] horse &c. (beast of burden) ; cattle, kine, ox; bull, bullock; cow, milch cow, calf, heifer, shorthorn; sheep; lamb, lambkin; ewe, ram, tup; pig, swine, boar, hog, sow; steer, stot; tag, teg; bison, buffalo, yak, zebu, dog, cat. [dogs] dog, hound; pup, puppy; whelp, cur, mongrel; house dog, watch dog, sheep dog, shepherd's dog, sporting dog, fancy dog, lap dog, toy dog, bull dog, badger dog; mastiff; blood hound, grey hound, stag hound, deer hound, fox hound, otter hound; harrier, beagle, spaniel, pointer, setter, retriever; Newfoundland; water dog, water spaniel; pug, poodle; turnspit; terrier; fox terrier, Skye terrier; Dandie Dinmont; collie. [cats—generally] feline, puss, pussy; grimalkin; gib cat, tom cat. [wild mammals] fox, Reynard, vixen, stag, deer, hart, buck, doe, roe; caribou, coyote, elk, moose, musk ox, sambar. [birds] bird; poultry, fowl, cock, hen, chicken, chanticleer, partlet, rooster, dunghill cock, barn door fowl; feathered tribes, feathered songster; singing bird, dicky bird; canary, warbler; finch; aberdevine, cushat, cygnet, ringdove, siskin, swan, wood pigeon. [undesirable animals] vermin, varmint [U.S.], pest.

Adj. animal, zoological equine, bovine, vaccine, canine, feline, fishy; piscatory, piscatorial; molluscous, vermicular; gallinaceous, rasorial, solidungulate, soliped.

#367. Vegetable — N. vegetable, vegetable kingdom; flora, verdure. plant; tree, shrub, bush; creeper; herb, herbage; grass. annual; perennial, biennial, triennial; exotic. timber, forest; wood, woodlands; timberland; hurst, frith, holt, weald, park, chase, greenwood, brake, grove, copse, coppice, bocage, tope, clump of trees, thicket, spinet, spinney; underwood, brushwood; scrub; boscage, bosk, ceja [Sp.], chaparal, motte [U.S.]; arboretum &c. . bush, jungle, prairie; heath, heather; fern, bracken; furze, gorse, whin; grass, turf; pasture, pasturage; turbary; sedge, rush, weed; fungus, mushroom, toadstool; lichen, moss, conferva, mold; growth; alfalfa, alfilaria, banyan; blow, blowth; floret, petiole; pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia. foliage, branch, bough, ramage, stem, tigella; spray &c. ; leaf. flower, blossom, bine; flowering plant; timber tree, fruit tree; pulse, legume.

Adj. vegetable, vegetal, vegetive, vegitous; herbaceous, herbal; botanic; sylvan, silvan; arborary, arboreous, arborescent, arborical; woody, grassy; verdant, verdurous; floral, mossy; lignous, ligneous; wooden, leguminous; vosky, cespitose, turf-like, turfy; endogenous, exogenous.

Phr. green-robed senators of mighty woods" [Keats]; this is the forest primeval" [Longfellow].

#368. [The science of animals.] Zoology —

N. zoology, zoonomy, zoography, zootomy; anatomy; comparative anatomy; animal physiology, comparative physiology; morphology; mammalogy. anthropology, ornithology, ichthyology, herpetology, ophiology, malacology, helminthology [Med.], entomology, oryctology, paleontology, mastology, vermeology; ornithotomy, ichthyotomy, &c.; taxidermy. zoologist &c.

Adj. zoological &c. n..

#369. [The science of plants.] Botany —

N. botany; physiological botany, structural botany, systematic botany; phytography, phytology, phytotomy; vegetable physiology, herborization, dendrology, mycology, fungology, algology; flora, romona; botanic garden &c. (garden) ; hortus siccus [Lat.], herbarium, herbal. botanist &c.; herbist, herbarist, herbalist, herborist, herbarian.

V. botanize, herborize.

Adj. botanical &c. n.; botanic.

#370. [The economy or management of animals.] Husbandry —

N. husbandry, taming &c. v.; circuration, zoohygiantics; domestication, domesticity; manege [Fr.], veterinary art; farriery; breeding, pisciculture. menagerie, vivarium, zoological garden; bear pit; aviary, apiary, alveary, beehive; hive; aquarium, fishery; duck pond, fish pond. phthisozoics &c. (killing) [Destruction of animals]; euthanasia, sacrifice, humane destruction. neatherd, cowherd, shepherd; grazier, drover, cowkeeper; trainer, breeder; apiarian, apiarist; bull whacker [U.S.], cowboy, cow puncher [U.S.], farrier; horse leech, horse doctor; vaquero, veterinarian, vet, veterinary surgeon. cage &c. (prison) ; hencoop, bird cage, cauf; range, sheepfold, &c. (inclosure) .

V. tame, domesticate, acclimatize, breed, tend, break in, train; cage, bridle, &c. (restrain) .

Adj. pastoral, bucolic; tame, domestic.

#371. [The economy or management of plants.] Agriculture —

N. agriculture, cultivation, husbandry, farming; georgics, geoponics; tillage, agronomy, gardening, spade husbandry, vintage; horticulture, arboriculture, floriculture; landscape gardening; viticulture. husbandman, horticulturist, gardener, florist; agricultor, agriculturist; yeoman, farmer, cultivator, tiller of the soil, woodcutter, backwoodsman; granger, habitat, vigneron, viticulturist; Triptolemus. field, meadow, garden; botanic garden, winter garden, ornamental garden, flower garden, kitchen garden, market garden, hop garden; nursery; green house, hot house; conservatory, bed, border, seed plot; grassplot, grassplat, lawn; park &c. (pleasure ground) ; parterre, shrubbery, plantation, avenue, arboretum, pinery, pinetum, orchard; vineyard, vinery; orangery; farm &c. (abode) .

V. cultivate; till the soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut; manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe, plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset [U.S.].

Adj. agricultural, agrarian, agrestic. arable, predial, rural, rustic, country; horticultural.

#372. Mankind —

N. man, mankind; human race, human species, human kind, human nature; humanity, mortality, flesh, generation. [Science of man] anthropology, anthropogeny, anthropography, anthroposophy; ethnology, ethnography; humanitarian. human being; person, personage; individual, creature, fellow creature, mortal, body, somebody; one; such a one, some one; soul, living soul; earthling; party, head, hand; dramatis personae [Lat.]; quidam [Lat.]. people, persons, folk, public, society, world; community, community at large; general public; nation, nationality; state, realm; commonweal, commonwealth; republic, body politic; million &c. (commonalty) ; population &c. (inhabitant) . tribe, clan (paternity) ; family (consanguinity) . cosmopolite; lords of the creation; ourselves.

Adj. human, mortal, personal, individual, national, civic, public, social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid. Phr. am I not a man and a brother? [Wedgwood].

#373. Man —

N. man, male, he, him; manhood &c. (adolescence) ; gentleman, sir, master; sahib; yeoman, wight, swain, fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man; husband &c. (married man) ; Mr., mister; boy &c. (youth) . [Male animal] cock, drake, gander, dog, boar, stag, hart, buck, horse, entire horse, stallion; gibcat, tomcat; he goat, Billy goat; ram, tup; bull, bullock; capon, ox, gelding, steer, stot. androgen. homosexual, gay, queen [Slang].

V. masculinize

Adj. male, he-, masculine; manly, virile; unwomanly, unfeminine. Pron. he, him, his.

Phr. hominem pagina nostra sapit [Lat.] [Martial]; homo homini aut deus aut lupus [Lat.] [Erasmus]; homo vitae commodatus non donatus est [Lat.] [Syrus].

#374. Woman —

N. woman, she, her, female, petticoat. feminality, muliebrity; womanhood &c. (adolescence) . womankind; the sex, the fair; fair sex, softer sex; weaker vessel. dame, madam, madame, mistress, Mrs. lady, donna belle [Sp.], matron, dowager, goody, gammer; Frau [G.], frow, Vrouw [Du.], rani; good woman, good wife; squaw; wife &c. (marriage) ; matronage, matronhood. bachelor girl, new woman, feminist, suffragette, suffragist. nymph, wench, grisette; girl &c. (youth) . [Effeminacy] sissy, betty, cot betty [U.S.], cotquean, henhussy, mollycoddle, muff, old woman. [Female animal] hen, bitch, sow, doe, roe, mare; she goat, Nanny goat, tabita; ewe, cow; lioness, tigress; vixen. gynecaeum. estrogen, oestrogen. consanguinity &c. [Female relatives], paternity &c. . lesbian, dyke [Slang].

V. feminize.

Adj. female, she-; feminine, womanly, ladylike, matronly, maidenly, wifely; womanish, effeminate, unmanly; gynecic, gynaecic. Pron. she, her, hers.'

Phr. a perfect woman nobly planned" [Wordsworth]; a lovely lady garmented in white" [Shelley]; das Ewig-Weibliche zieht uns hinan [Goethe]; earth's noblest thing, a woman perfected" [Lowell]; es de vidrio la mujer [Sp.]; she moves a goddess and she looks a queen" [Pope]; the beauty of a lovely woman is like music" [G. Eliot]; varium et mutabile semper femina [Lat.] [Vergil]; woman is the lesser man" [Tennyson].

#374a. Sexuality [human] —

N. sex, sexuality, gender; male, masculinity, maleness &c. ; female, femininity &c. . sexual intercourse, copulation, mating, coitus, sex; lovemaking, marital relations, sexual union; sleeping together, carnal knowledge. sex instinct, sex drive, libido, lust, concupiscence; hots, horns [Coll.]; arousal, heat, rut, estrus, oestrus; tumescence; erection, hard-on, boner. masturbation, self-gratification, autoeroticism, onanism, self-abuse. orgasm, climax, ejaculation. sexiness, attractiveness; sensuality, voluptuousness. [sexual intercourse outside of marriage] fornication, adultery. [person who is sexy] sex symbol, sex goddess; stud, hunk. one-night stand. pornography, porn, porno; hardcore pornography, softcore pornography; pin-up, cheesecake; beefcake; [magazines with sexual photos], Playboy, Esquire, Hustler. [unorthodox sexual activity] perversion, deviation, sexual abnormality; fetish, fetishism; homosexuality, lesbianism, bisexuality; sodomy, buggery; pederasty; sadism. masochism, sado-masochism; incest.

V. mate, copulate; make love, have intercourse, fornicate, have sex, do it, sleep together, fuck [Vulg.]; sleep around, play the field. masturbate, jerk off [Coll.], jack off [Coll.], play with oneself. have the hots [Coll.]; become aroused, get hot; have an erection, get it up. come, climax, ejaculate.

Adj. sexy, erotic, sexual, carnal, sensual. hot, horny, randy, rutting; passionate, lusty, hot-blooded, libidinous; up, in the mood. homosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual.

2.

SENSATION

1. Sensation in general

#375. Physical Sensibility — N. sensibility; sensitiveness &c. adj.; physical sensibility, feeling, impressibility, perceptivity, aesthetics; moral sensibility &c. . sensation, impression; consciousness &c. (knowledge) . external senses.

V. be sensible of &c. adj.; feel, perceive. render sensible &c. adj.; sharpen, cultivate, tutor. cause sensation, impress; excite an impression, produce an impression.

Adj. sensible, sensitive, sensuous; aesthetic, perceptive, sentient; conscious &c. (aware) . acute, sharp, keen, vivid, lively, impressive, thin-skinned.

Adv. to the quick.

Phr. the touch'd needle trembles to the pole" [Pope].

#376. Physical Insensibility — N. insensibility, physical insensibility; obtuseness &c. adj.; palsy, paralysis, paraesthesia [Med.], anaesthesia; sleep &c. ; hemiplegia, motor paralysis; vegetable state; coma. anaesthetic agent, opium, ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen; refrigeration.

V. be insensible &c. adj.; have a thick skin, have a rhinoceros hide. render insensible &c. adj.; anaesthetize, blunt, pall, obtund, benumb, paralyze; put under the influence of chloroform &c. n.; stupefy, stun.

Adj. insensible, unfeeling, senseless, impercipient, callous, thick-skinned, pachydermatous; hard, hardened; case hardened; proof, obtuse, dull; anaesthetic; comatose, paralytic, palsied, numb, dead.

#377. Physical Pleasure — N. pleasure; physical pleasure, sensual pleasure, sensuous pleasure; bodily enjoyment, animal gratification, hedonism, sensuality; luxuriousness &c. adj.; dissipation, round of pleasure, titillation, gusto, creature comforts, comfort, ease; pillow &c. (support) ; luxury, lap of luxury; purple and fine linen; bed of downs, bed of roses; velvet, clover; cup of Circe &c. (intemperance) . treat; refreshment, regale; feast; delice [Fr.]; dainty &c. ; bonne bouche [Fr.]. source of pleasure &c. ; happiness &c. (mental enjoyment) .

V. feel pleasure, experience pleasure, receive pleasure; enjoy, relish; luxuriate in, revel in, riot in, bask in, swim in, drink up, eat up, wallow in; feast on; gloat over, float on; smack the lips. live on the fat of the land, live in comfort &c. adv.; bask in the sunshine, faire ses choux gras [Fr.]. give pleasure &c. . Adj. enjoying &c. v.; luxurious, voluptuous, sensual, comfortable, cosy, snug, in comfort, at ease. pleasant, agreeable &c. . Adv. in comfort &c. n.; on a bed of roses &c. n.; at one's ease. Phr. ride si sapis [Lat.] [Martial]; voluptales commendat rarior usus [Lat.] [Juvenal].

#378. Physical Pain — N. pain; suffering, sufferance, suffrance; bodily pain, physical pain, bodily suffering, physical suffering, body pain; mental suffering &c. ; dolour, ache; aching &c. v.; smart; shoot, shooting; twinge, twitch, gripe, headache, stomach ache, heartburn, angina, angina pectoris [Lat.]; hurt, cut; sore, soreness; discomfort, malaise; cephalalgia [Med.], earache, gout, ischiagra, lumbago, neuralgia, odontalgia, otalgia, podagra, rheumatism, sciatica; tic douloureux [Fr.], toothache, tormina, torticollis. spasm, cramp; nightmare, ephialtes; crick, stitch; thrill, convulsion, throe; throb &c. (agitation) ; pang; colic; kink. sharp pain, piercing pain, throbbing pain, shooting pain, sting, gnawing pain, burning pain; excruciating pain. anguish, agony; torment, torture; rack; cruciation, crucifixion; martyrdom, toad under a harrow, vivisection.

V. feel pain, experience pain, suffer pain, undergo pain &c. n.; suffer, ache, smart, bleed; tingle, shoot; twinge, twitch, lancinate; writhe, wince, make a wry face; sit on thorns, sit on pins and needles. give pain, inflict pain; lacerate; pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite, gnaw, gripe; pinch, tweak; grate, gall, fret, prick, pierce, wring, convulse; torment, torture; rack, agonize; crucify; cruciate, excruciate; break on the wheel, put to the rack; flog &c. (punish) ; grate on the ear &c. (harsh sound) . Adj. in pain &c. n., in a state of pain; pained &c. v.; gouty, podagric, torminous. painful; aching &c. v.; sore, raw.

2. Special Sensation

(1) Touch

#379. [Sensation of pressure] Touch —

N. touch; tact, taction, tactility; feeling; palpation, palpability; contrectation; manipulation; massage. [Organ of touch] hand, finger, forefinger, thumb, paw, feeler, antenna; palpus.

V. touch, feel, handle, finger, thumb, paw, fumble, grope, grabble; twiddle, tweedle; pass the fingers over, run the fingers over; manipulate, wield; throw out a feeler. Adj. tactual, tactile; tangible, palpable; lambent.

#380. Sensations of Touch — N. itching, pruritis [Med.] &c. v.; titillation, formication, aura; stereognosis.

V. itch, tingle, creep, thrill, sting; prick, prickle; tickle, titillate.

Adj. itching &c. v.; stereognostic, titillative.

#381. [insensibility to touch.] Numbness —

N. numbness &c. (physical insensibility) ; anaesthesia; pins and needles.

V. benumb &c. .

Adj. numb; benumbed &c. v.; deadened; intangible, impalpable.

(2) Heat

#382. Heat —

N. heat, caloric; temperature, warmth, fervor, calidity; incalescence, incandescence; glow, flush; fever, hectic. phlogiston; fire, spark, scintillation, flash, flame, blaze; bonfire; firework, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny; wildfire; sheet of fire, lambent flame; devouring element; adiathermancy; recalescence [Phys.]. summer, dog days; canicular days; baking &c. ; heat, white heat, tropical heat, Afric heat, Bengal heat, summer heat, blood heat; sirocco, simoom; broiling sun; insolation; warming &c. . sun &c. (luminary) . [Science of heat] pyrology; thermology, thermotics, thermodynamics; thermometer &c. . [thermal units] calorie, gram-calorie, small calorie; kilocalorie, kilogram calorie, large calorie; British Thermal Unit, B.T.U.; therm, quad. [units of temperature] degrees Kelvin, kelvins, degrees centigrade, degrees Celsius; degrees Fahrenheit.

V. be hot &c. adj.; glow, flush, sweat, swelter, bask, smoke, reek, stew, simmer, seethe, boil, burn, blister, broil, blaze, flame; smolder; parch, fume, pant. heat &c. (make hot) ; recalesce; thaw, give.

Adj. hot, warm, mild, genial, tepid, lukewarm, unfrozen; thermal, thermic; calorific; fervent, fervid; ardent; aglow. sunny, torrid, tropical, estival, canicular, steamy; close, sultry, stifling, stuffy, suffocating, oppressive; reeking &c. v.; baking &c. . red hot, white hot, smoking hot, burning &c. v.. hot, piping hot; like a furnace, like an oven; burning, hot as fire, hot as pepper; hot enough to roast an ox, hot enough to boil an egg. fiery; incandescent, incalescent; candent, ebullient, glowing, smoking; live; on fire; dazzling &c. v.; in flames, blazing, in a blaze; alight, afire, ablaze; unquenched, unextinguished; smoldering; in a heat, in a glow, in a fever, in a perspiration, in a sweat; sudorific; sweltering, sweltered; blood hot, blood warm; warm as a toast, warm as wool. volcanic, plutonic, igneous; isothermal, isothermic, isotheral. Phr. not a breath of air; whirlwinds of tempestuous fire" [Paradise Lost].

#383. Cold —

N. cold, coldness &c. adj.; frigidity, inclemency, fresco. winter; depth of winter, hard winter; Siberia, Nova Zembla; wind-chill factor. [forms of frozen water] ice; snow, snowflake, snow crystal, snow drift; sleet; hail, hailstone; rime, frost; hoar frost, white frost, hard frost, sharp frost; barf; glaze [U.S.], lolly [U.S.]; icicle, thick-ribbed ice; fall of snow, heavy fall; iceberg, icefloe; floe berg; glacier; nevée, serac; pruina. [cold substances] freezing mixture, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium. [Sensation of cold] chilliness &c. adj.; chill; shivering &c. v.; goose skin, horripilation; rigor; chattering of teeth; numbness, frostbite.

V. be cold &c. adj.; shiver, starve, quake, shake, tremble, shudder, didder, quiver; freeze, freeze to death, perish with cold. freeze &c. (render cold) ; horripilate, make the skin crawl, give one goose flesh.

Adj. cold, cool; chill, chilly; icy; gelid, frigid, algid; fresh, keen, bleak, raw, inclement, bitter, biting, niveous, cutting, nipping, piercing, pinching; clay-cold; starved &c. (made cold) ; chilled to the bone, shivering &c. v.; aguish, transi de froid [Fr.]; frostbitten, frost-bound, frost-nipped. cold as a stone, cold as marble, cold as lead, cold as iron, cold as a frog, cold as charity, cold as Christmas; cool as a cucumber, cool as custard. icy, glacial, frosty, freezing, pruinose, wintry, brumal, hibernal, boreal, arctic, Siberian, hyemal; hyperborean, hyperboreal; icebound; frozen out. unwarmed, unthawed; lukewarm, tepid; isocheimal, isocheimenal, isocheimic. frozen, numb, frost-bitten. Adv. coldly, bitterly &c. adj.; pierre fendre [Fr.];

#384. Calefaction — N. increase of temperature; heating &c. v.; calefaction, tepefaction, torrefaction; melting, fusion; liquefaction &c. ; burning &c. v.; ambustion, combustion; incension, accension; concremation, cremation; scorification; cautery, cauterization; ustulation, calcination; cracking, refining; incineration, cineration; carbonization; cupellation [Chem]. ignition, inflammation, adustion, flagration; deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis, incendiarism; arson; auto dafe [Fr.]. boiling &c. v.; coction, ebullition, estuation, elixation, decoction; ebullioscope; geyser; distillation (vaporization) . furnace &c. ; blanket, flannel, fur; wadding &c. (lining) ; clothing &c. . still; refinery; fractionating column, fractionating tower, cracking tower. match &c. (fuel) ; incendiary; petroleuse [Fr.]; [biological effects resembling the effects of heat] [substances causing a burning sensation and damage on skin or tissue] cauterizer; caustic, lunar caustic, alkali, apozem, moxa; acid, aqua fortis [Lat.], aqua regia; catheretic, nitric acid, nitrochloro-hydric acid, nitromuriatic acid; radioactivity, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta rays, X-rays, radiation, cosmic radiation, background radiation, radioactive isotopes, tritium, uranium, plutonium, radon, radium. sunstroke, coup de soleil [Fr.]; insolation. [artifacts requiring heat in their manufacture] pottery, ceramics, crockery, porcelain, china; earthenware, stoneware; pot, mug, terra cotta [Sp.], brick, clinker. [products of combustion] cinder, ash, scoriae, embers, soot; slag. [products of heating organic materials] coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha, fuel oil (fuel) ; wax, paraffin; residue, tar. inflammability, combustibility. [Transmission of heat] diathermancy, transcalency, conduction; convection; radiation, radiant heat; heat conductivity, conductivity. [effects of heat 2] thermal expansion; coefficient of expansion.

V. heat, warm, chafe, stive, foment; make hot &c. ; sun oneself, sunbathe. go up in flames, burn to the ground (flame) . fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of. melt, thaw, fuse; liquefy &c. . burn, inflame, roast, toast, fry, grill, singe, parch, bake, torrefy, scorch; brand, cauterize, sear, burn in; corrode, char, calcine, incinerate; smelt, scorify; reduce to ashes; burn to a cinder; commit to the flames, consign to the flames. boil, digest, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer; do to rags. take fire, catch fire; blaze &c. (flame) .

Adj. heated &c. v.; molten, sodden; réchauffé; heating &c. v.; adust. inflammable, combustible; diathermal, diathermanous; burnt &c. v.; volcanic, radioactive.

#385. Refrigeration — N. refrigeration, infrigidation, reduction of temperature; cooling &c. v.; congelation, conglaciation; ice &c. ; solidification &c. (density) ; ice box (refrigerator) . extincteur [Fr.]; fire annihilator; amianth, amianthus; earth-flax, mountain-flax; flexible asbestos; fireman, fire brigade (incombustibility) 388.1. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj.. (insulation) 388.1. air conditioning [residential cooling], central air conditioning; air conditioner; fan, attic fan; dehumidifier.

V. cool, fan, refrigerate, refresh, ice; congeal, freeze, glaciate; benumb, starve, pinch, chill, petrify, chill to the marrow, regelate, nip, cut, pierce, bite, make one's teeth chatter, damp, slack quench; put out, stamp out; extinguish; go out, burn out (incombustibility) 388.1.

Adj. cooled &c. v.; frozen out; cooling &c. v.; frigorific.

#386. Furnace —

N. furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker; hearth, focus, combustion chamber; athanor, hypocaust, reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln; Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier, salamander, heater, warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot; urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic, still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace; electric heater, electric furnace, electric resistance heat. [steel-making furnace] open-hearth furnace. fireplace, gas fireplace; coal fire, wood fire; fire-dog, fire-irons; grate, range, kitchener; caboose, camboose; poker, tongs, shovel, ashpan, hob, trivet; andiron, gridiron; ashdrop; frying-pan, stew-pan, backlog. [area near a fireplace] hearth, inglenook. [residential heating methods] oil burner, gas burner, Franklin stove, pot-bellied stove; wood-burning stove; central heating, steam heat, hot water heat, gas heat, forced hot air, electric heat, heat pump; solar heat, convective heat. hothouse, bakehouse, washhouse; laundry; conservatory; sudatory; Turkish bath, Russian bath, vapor bath, steam bath, sauna, warm bath; vaporarium.

#387. Refrigerator — N. refrigerator, refrigeratory; frigidarium; cold storage, cold room, cold laboratory; icehouse, icepail, icebag, icebox; cooler, damper, polyurethane cooler; wine cooler. freezer, deep freeze, dry ice freezer, liquid nitrogen freezer, refigerator-freezer. freezing mixture [refrigerating substances], ice, ice cubes, blocks of ice, chipped ice; liquid nitrogen, dry ice, dry ice-acetone, liquid helium.

#388. Fuel —

N. fuel, firing, combustible. [solid fuels] coal, wallsend, anthracite, culm, coke, carbon, charcoal, bituminous coal, tar shale; turf, peat, firewood, bobbing, faggot, log; cinder &c. (products of combustion) ; ingle, tinder, touchwood; sulphur, brimstone; incense; port-fire; fire-barrel, fireball, brand; amadou, bavin; blind coal, glance coal; German tinder, pyrotechnic sponge, punk, smudge [U.S.]; solid fueled rocket. [fuels for candles and lamps] wax, paraffin wax, paraffin oil; lamp oil, whale oil. [liquid fuels] oil, petroleum, gasoline, high octane gasoline, nitromethane, petrol, gas, juice [Coll.], gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, number 2 oil, number 4 oil, naphtha; rocket fuel, high specific impulse fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, lox. [gaseous fuels] natural gas, synthetic gas, synthesis gas, propane, butane, hydrogen. brand, torch, fuse; wick; spill, match, light, lucifer, congreve, vesuvian, vesta, fusee, locofoco; linstock. candle &c. (luminary) ; oil &c. (grease) .

Adj. carbonaceous; combustible, inflammable; high octane, high specific impulse; heat of combustion,

#388a. Insulation [Fire extinction] —

N. insulation, incombustible material, noncombustible material; fire retardant, flame retardant; fire wall, fire door. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj.. extincteur [Fr.]; fire annihilator; amianth, amianthus; earth-flax, mountain-flax; asbestos; fireman, fire fighter, fire eater, fire department, fire brigade, engine company; pumper, fire truck, hook and ladder, aerial ladder, bucket; fire hose, fire hydrant. [forest fires] backfire, firebreak, trench; aerial water bombardment. wet blanket; fire extinguisher, soda and acid extinguisher, dry chemical extinguisher, CO-two extinguisher, carbon tetrachloride, foam; sprinklers, automatic sprinkler system; fire bucket, sand bucket. [warning of fire] fire alarm, evacuation alarm, [laws to prevent fire] fire code, fire regulations, fire; fire inspector; code violation, citation.

V. go out, die out, burn out; fizzle. extinguish; damp, slack, quench, smother; put out, stamp out; douse, snuff, snuff out, blow out. fireproof, flameproof. Adj. incombustible; nonflammable, uninflammable, unflammable; fireproof. Phr. fight fire with fire

#389. Thermometer — N. thermometer, thermometrograph, mercury thermometer, alcohol thermometer, clinical thermometer, dry-bulb thermometer, wet-bulb thermometer, Anschutz thermometer [G.], gas thermometer, telethermometer; color-changing temperature indicator; thermopile, thermoscope; pyrometer, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter; thermistor, thermocouple. [temperature-control devices] thermostat, thermoregulator.

(3) Taste

#390. Taste —

N. taste, flavor, gust, gusto, savor; gout, relish; sapor, sapidity; twang, smack, smatch; aftertaste, tang. tasting; degustation, gustation. palate, tongue, tooth, stomach.

V. taste, savor, smatch, smack, flavor, twang; tickle the palate &c. (savory) ; smack the lips.

Adj. sapid, saporific; gustable, gustatory; gustful; strong, gamy; palatable &c. .

#391. Insipidity — N. insipidity, blandness; tastelessness &c. adj..

V. be tasteless &c. adj..

Adj. bland, void of taste &c. ; insipid; tasteless, gustless, savorless; ingustible, mawkish, milk and water, weak, stale, flat, vapid, fade, wishy-washy, mild; untasted.

#392. Pungency — N. pungency, piquance, piquancy, poignancy haut-gout, strong taste, twang, race. sharpness &c. adj.; acrimony; roughness &c. (sour) ; unsavoriness &c. . mustard, cayenne, caviare; seasoning &c. (condiment) ; niter, saltpeter, brine (saltiness) 392.1; carbonate of ammonia; sal ammoniac, sal volatile, smelling salts; hartshorn (acridity) 401.1. dram, cordial, nip. nicotine, tobacco, snuff, quid, smoke; segar; cigar, cigarette; weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid, negro head, old soldier, rappee, stogy.

V. be pungent &c. adj.; bite the tongue. render pungent &c. adj.; season, spice, salt, pepper, pickle, brine, devil. smoke, chew, take snuff. Adj. pungent, strong; high-, full-flavored; high-tasted, high-seasoned; gamy, sharp, stinging, rough, piquant, racy; biting, mordant; spicy; seasoned &c. v.; hot, hot as pepper; peppery, vellicating, escharotic, meracious; acrid, acrimonious, bitter; rough &c. (sour) ; unsavory &c. .

#392a. Saltiness — N. saltiness. niter, saltpeter, brine.

Adj. salty, salt, saline, brackish, briny; salty as brine, salty as a herring, salty as Lot's wife. salty, racy (indecent) .

Phr. take it with a grain of salt.

#392b. Bitterness — N. bitterness, acridness, acridity, acrimony; caustic, alkali; acerbity; gall, wormwood; bitters, astringent bitters. Angostura [additive for alcoholic beverages], aromatic bitters. sourness &c. ; pungency &c. . [bitter substances] alkaloids; turmeric.

Adj. bitter, bitterish, acrid, acerb, acerbic.

Phr. bitter as gall; bitter pill to take; sugar coating on a bitter pill.

#393. Condiment — N. condiment, seasoning, sauce, spice, relish, appetizer. [Condiments] salt; mustard, grey poupon mustard; pepper, black pepper, white pepper, peppercorn, curry, sauce piquante [Fr.]; caviare, onion, garlic, pickle; achar, allspice; bell pepper, Jamaica pepper, green pepper; chutney; cubeb, pimento. [capsicum peppers] capsicum, red pepper, chili peppers, cayenne. nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, oregano, cloves, fennel. [herbs] pot herbs, parsley, sage, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves, marjoram. [fragrant woods and gums] frankincense, balm, myrrh. [from pods] paprika. [from flower stigmas] saffron. [from roots] ginger, turmeric.

V. season, spice, flavor, spice up &c. (render pungent) .

#394. Savoriness — N. savoriness &c. adj.; good taste, deliciousness, delectability. relish, zest; appetizer. tidbit, titbit, dainty, delicacy, tasty morsel; appetizer, hors d'ouvres [Fr.]; ambrosia, nectar, bonne-bouche [Fr.]; game, turtle, venison; delicatessen.

V. be savory &c. adj.; tickle the palate, tickle the appetite; flatter the palate. render palatable &c. adj.. relish, like, smack the lips. Adj. savory, delicious, tasty, well-tasted, to one's taste, good, palatable, nice, dainty, delectable; toothful, toothsome; gustful, appetizing, lickerish, delicate, exquisite, rich, luscious, ambrosial, scrumptious, delightful.

Adv. per amusare la bocca [It]

Phr. cela se laisse manger [Fr.].

#395. Unsavoriness — N. unsavoriness &c. adj.; amaritude; acrimony, acridity (bitterness) 392.2; roughness &c. (sour) ; acerbity, austerity; gall and wormwood, rue, quassia, aloes; marah; sickener.

V. be unpalatable &c. adj.; sicken, disgust, nauseate, pall, turn the stomach.

Adj. unsavory, unpalatable, unsweetened, unsweet; ill-flavored; bitter, bitter as gall; acrid, acrimonious; rough. offensive, repulsive, nasty; sickening &c. v.; nauseous; loathsome, fulsome; unpleasant &c. .

#396. Sweetness — N. sweetness, dulcitude. sugar, syrup, treacle, molasses, honey, manna; confection, confectionary; sweets, grocery, conserve, preserve, confiture, jam, julep; sugar-candy, sugar-plum; licorice, marmalade, plum, lollipop, bonbon, jujube, comfit, sweetmeat; apple butter, caramel, damson, glucose; maple sirup, maple syrup, maple sugar; mithai, sorghum, taffy. nectar; hydromel, mead, meade, metheglin, honeysuckle, liqueur, sweet wine, aperitif. [sources of sugar] sugar cane, sugar beets. [sweet foods] desert, pastry, pie, cake, candy, ice cream, tart, puff, pudding (food) . dulcification, dulcoration. sweetener, corn syrup, cane sugar, refined sugar, beet sugar, dextrose; artificial sweetener, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame, Sweet'N Low.

V. be sweet &c. adj.. render sweet &c. adj.; sweeten; edulcorate; dulcorate, dulcify; candy; mull.

Adj. sweet; saccharine, sacchariferous; dulcet, candied, honied, luscious, lush, nectarious, melliferous; sweetened &c. v.. sweet as a nut, sweet as sugar, sweet as honey. sickly sweet. Phr. eau sucrée [Fr.]; sweets to the sweet" [Hamlet].

#397. Sourness — N. sourness &c. adj.; acid, acidity, low pH; acetous fermentation, lactic fermentation. vinegar, verjuice, crab, alum; acetic acid, lactic acid.

V. be sour; sour, turn sour &c. adj.; set the teeth on edge. render sour &c. adj.; acidify, acidulate.

Adj. sour; acid, acidulous, acidulated; tart, crabbed; acetous, acetose; acerb, acetic; sour as vinegar, sourish, acescent, subacid [Chem]; styptic, hard, rough.

Phr. sour as a lemon.

(4) Odor

#398. Odor —

N. odor, smell, odorament, scent, effluvium; emanation, exhalation; fume, essence, trail, nidor, redolence. sense of smell; scent; act of smelling &c. v.; olfaction, olfactories. [pleasant odor] fragrance &c. . odorant. [animal with acute sense of smell] bloodhound, hound. [smell detected by a hound] spoor.

V. have an odor &c. n.; smell, smell of, smell strong of; exhale; give out a smell &c. n.; reek, reek of; scent. smell, scent; snuff, snuff up; sniff, nose, inhale.

Adj. odorous, odoriferous; smelling, reeking, foul-smelling, strong-scented; redolent, graveolent, nidorous, pungent; putrid, foul. [Relating to the sense of smell] olfactory, quick-scented.

#399. Inodorousness — N. inodorousness; absence of smell, want of smell. deodorant, deodorization, deodorizer.

V. be inodorous &c. adj.; not smell. deodorize.

Adj. inodorous, onodorate; scentless; without smell, wanting smell &c. . deodorized, deodorizing.

#400. Fragrance — N. fragrance, aroma, redolence, perfume, bouquet, essence, scent; sweet smell, aromatic perfume. agalloch, agallochium; aloes wood; bay rum; calambac, calambour; champak, horehound, lign-aloes, marrubium, mint, muskrat, napha water, olibanum, spirit of myrcia. essential oil. incense; musk, frankincense; pastil, pastille; myrrh, perfumes of Arabia; otto, ottar, attar; bergamot, balm, civet, potpourri, pulvil; nosegay; scentbag; sachet, smelling bottle, vinaigrette; eau de Cologne [Fr.], toilet water, lotion, after-shave lotion; thurification. perfumer. [fragrant wood oils] eucalyptus oil, pinene.

V. be fragrant &c. adj.; have a perfume &c. n.; smell sweet. scent [render fragrant], perfume, embalm.

Adj. fragrant, aromatic, redolent, spicy, savory, balmy, scented, sweet-smelling, sweet-scented; perfumed, perfumatory; thuriferous; fragrant as a rose, muscadine, ambrosial.

#401. Fetor —

N. fetor; bad &c. adj.. smell, bad odor; stench, stink; foul odor, malodor; empyreuma; mustiness &c. adj.; rancidity; foulness &c. (uncleanness) . stoat, polecat, skunk; assafoetida; fungus, garlic; stinkpot; fitchet, fitchew, fourmart, peccary. acridity &c. 401.1.

V. have a bad smell &c. n.; smell; stink, stink in the nostrils, stink like a polecat; smell strong &c. adj., smell offensively. Adj. fetid; strong-smelling; high, bad, strong, fulsome, offensive, noisome, rank, rancid, reasty, tainted, musty, fusty, frouzy; olid, olidous; nidorous; smelling, stinking; putrid &c. ; suffocating, mephitic; empyreumatic.

#401a. Acridity — N. acridity, astringency, bite. [acrid substances] tear gas; smoke, acrid fumes.

Adj. acrid, biting, astringent, sharp, harsh; bitter &c. 392.2.

(5) Sound

(i) SOUND IN GENERAL

#402. Sound —

N. sound, noise, strain; accent, twang, intonation, tone; cadence; sonorousness &c. adj.; audibility; resonance &c. ; voice &c. ; aspirate; ideophone; rough breathing. [Science, of sound] acoustics; phonics, phonetics, phonology, phonography; diacoustics, diaphonics; phonetism.

V. produce sound; sound, make a noise; give out sound, emit sound; resound &c. .

Adj. sounding; soniferous; sonorous, sonorific; resonant, audible, distinct; stertorous; phonetic; phonic, phonocamptic. Phr. a thousand trills and quivering sounds" [Addison]; forensis strepitus [Lat.].

#403. Silence —

N. silence; stillness &c. (quiet) ; peace, hush, lull; muteness &c. ; solemn silence, awful silence, dead silence, deathlike silence.

V. be silent &c. adj.; hold one's tongue &c. (not speak) . render silent &c. adj.; silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop; muzzle, put to silence &c. (render mute) .

Adj. silent; still, stilly; noiseless, soundless; hushed &c. v.; mute &c. . soft, solemn, awful, deathlike, silent as the grave; inaudible &c. (faint) .

Adv. silently &c. adj.; sub silentio [Lat.].

Int. hush!, silence!, soft!, whist!, tush!, chut! , tut!, pax! [Lat.], be quiet!, be silent!, be still!, shut up! [Slang]; chup! , chup rao! , tace! [It],

Phr. one might hear a feather drop, one might hear a pin drop, so quiet you could hear a pin drop; grosse Seelen dulden still [G.]; le silence est la vertu de ceux qui ne sont pas le silence est la vertu de ceux qui ne sont pas sages [Fr.]; le silence est le parti le plus sar de celui se le silence est le parti le plus sar de celui se défie de soi-meme [Fr.]; silence more musical than any song" [C.G. Rossetti]; tacent satis laudant [Lat.]; better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak up and remove all doubt.

#404. Loudness — N. loudness, power; loud noise, din; blare; clang, clangor; clatter, noise, bombilation, roar, uproar, racket, hubbub, bobbery, fracas, charivari, trumpet blast, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre, peal, swell, blast, larum, boom; bang (explosion) ; resonance &c. . vociferation, hullabaloo, &c. ; lungs; Stentor. artillery, cannon; thunder.

V. be loud &c. adj.; peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, blare, fulminate, roar; resound &c. . speak up, shout &c. (vociferate) ; bellow &c. (cry as an animal) . rend the air, rend the skies; fill the air; din in the ear, ring in the ear, thunder in the ear; pierce the ears, split the ears, rend the ears, split the head; deafen, stun; faire le diable a quatre [Fr.]; make one's windows shake, rattle the windows; awaken the echoes, startle the echoes; wake the dead. Adj. loud, sonorous; high-sounding, big-sounding; deep, full, powerful, noisy, blatant, clangorous, multisonous; thundering, deafening &c. v.; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting, ear-rending, ear-deafening; piercing; obstreperous, rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the dead, enough to wake seven sleepers. shrill &c. clamorous &c. (vociferous) stentorian, stentorophonic.

Adv. loudly &c. adj.. aloud; at the top of one's voice, at the top of one's lungs, lustily, in full cry.

Phr. the air rings with; the deep dread-bolted thunder" [Lear].

#405. Faintness — N. faintness &c. adj.; faint sound, whisper, breath; undertone, underbreath; murmur, hum, susurration; tinkle; still small voice." hoarseness &c. adj.; raucity.

V. whisper, breathe, murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow; tinkle; mutter &c. (speak imperfectly) ; susurrate. steal on the ear; melt in the air, float on the air. Adj. inaudible; scarcely audible, just audible; low, dull; stifled, muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating; purling, flowing &c. v.; whispered &c. v.; liquid; soothing; dulcet &c. (melodious) ; susurrant, susurrous.

Adv. in a whisper, with bated breath, sotto voce [Lat.], between the teeth, aside; piano, pianissimo; d la sourdine; out of earshot inaudibly &c. adj..

(ii) SPECIFIC SOUNDS

#406. [Sudden and violent sounds.] Snap —

N. snap &c. v.; rapping &c. v.; decrepitation, crepitation; report, thud; burst, explosion, blast, boom, discharge, detonation, firing, salvo, volley. squib, cracker, firecracker, cherry bomb, M80, gun, cap, cap gun, popgun. implosion. bomb burst, atomic explosion, nuclear explosion (arms) . [explosive substances] gunpowder, dynamite, gun cotton, nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, plastic explosive, plastique, TNT, cordite, trinitrotoluene, picric acid, picrates, mercury fulminate (arms) . whack, wham, pow.

V. rap, snap, tap, knock, ping; click; clash; crack, crackle; crash; pop; slam, bang, blast, boom, clap, clang, clack, whack, wham; brustle; burst on the ear; crepitate, rump. blow up, blow; detonate.

Adj. rapping &c. v..

Int. kaboom!, whamo!, Heewhack!, pow!,

#407. [Repeated and protracted sounds.] Roll —

N. roll &c. v.; drumming &c. v.; berloque, bombination, rumbling; tattoo, drumroll; dingdong; tantara; rataplan; whirr; ratatat, ratatat-tat; rubadub; pitapat; quaver, clutter, charivari, racket; cuckoo; repetition &c. ; peal of bells, devil's tattoo; reverberation &c. . [sound of railroad train rolling on rails] clickety-clack. hum, purr. [animals that hum] hummingbird. [animals that purr] cat, kitten (animal sounds) .

V. roll, drum, rumble, rattle, clatter, patter, clack; bombinate. hum, trill, shake; chime, peal, toll; tick, beat. drum in the ear, din in the ear. Adj. rolling &c. v.; monotonous &c. (repeated) ; like a bee in a bottle.

#408. Resonance — N. resonance; ring &c. v.; ringing, tintinabulation &c. v.; reflexion [Brit.], reflection, reverberation; echo, reecho; zap, zot [Coll.]; buzz (hiss) . low note, base note, bass note, flat note, grave note, deep note; bass; basso, basso profondo [It]; baritone, barytone; contralto. [device to cause resonance] echo chamber, resonator. [ringing in the ears] tinnitus [Med.]. [devices which make a resonating sound] bell, doorbell, buzzer; gong, cymbals (musical instruments) . [physical resonance] sympathetic vibrations; natural frequency, coupled vibration frequency; overtone; resonating cavity; sounding board, tuning fork. [electrical resonance] tuning, squelch, frequency selection; resonator, resonator circuit; radio &c.. [chemical resonance] resonant structure, aromaticity, alternating double bonds, non-bonded resonance; pi clouds, unsaturation, double bond, (valence).

V. resound, reverberate, reecho, resonate; ring, jingle, gingle, chink, clink; tink, tinkle; chime; gurgle &c. ; plash, goggle, echo, ring in the ear.

Adj. resounding &c. v.; resonant, reverberant, tinnient, tintinnabulary; sonorous, booming, deep-toned, deep-sounding, deep-mouthed, vibrant; hollow, sepulchral; gruff &c. (harsh) .

Phr. sweet bells jangled, out of time and harsh" [Hamlet]; echoing down the mountain and through the echoing down the mountain and through the dell.

#408a. Nonresonance —

N. thud, thump, dead sound; nonresonance; muffled drums, cracked bell; damper; silencer.

V. sound dead; stop the sound, damp the sound, deaden the sound, deaden the reverberations, dampen the reverberations.

Adj. nonresonant, dead; dampened, muffled.

#409. [Hissing sounds.] Sibilation —

N. sibilance, sibilation; zip; hiss &c. v.; sternutation; high note &c. . [animals that hiss] goose, serpent, snake (animal sounds) . [animals that buzz] insect, bug; bee, mosquito, wasp, fly. [inanimate things that hiss] tea kettle, pressure cooker; air valve, pressure release valve, safety valve, tires, air escaping from tires, punctured tire; escaping steam, steam, steam radiator, steam release valve.

V. hiss, buzz, whiz, rustle; fizz, fizzle; wheeze, whistle, snuffle; squash; sneeze; sizzle, swish. Adj. sibilant; hissing &c. v.; wheezy; sternutative.

#410. [Harsh sounds.] Stridor —

N. creak &c. v.; creaking &c. v.; discord, &c. ; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c. adj.; cacophony; cacoepy. acute note, high note; soprano, treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny trumpet, voce di testa [It].

V. creak, grate, jar, burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink; scream &c. (cry) ; yelp &c. (animal sound) ; buzz &c. (hiss) . set the teeth on edge, corcher les oreilles [Fr.]; pierce the ears, split the ears, split the head; offend the ear, grate upon the ear, jar upon the ear.

Adj. creaking &c. v.; stridulous, harsh, coarse, hoarse, horrisonous, rough, gruff, grum, sepulchral, hollow. sharp, high, acute, shrill; trumpet-toned; piercing, ear-piercing, high-pitched, high-toned; cracked; discordant &c. ; cacophonous.

#411. Cry —

N. cry &c. v.; voice &c. (human) ; hubbub; bark &c. (animal) . vociferation, outcry, hullabaloo, chorus, clamor, hue and cry, plaint; lungs; stentor.

V. cry, roar, shout, bawl, brawl, halloo, halloa, hoop, whoop, yell, bellow, howl, scream, screech, screak, shriek, shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, pule, pipe, yaup. cheer; hoot; grumble, moan, groan. snore, snort; grunt &c. (animal sounds) . vociferate; raise up the voice, lift up the voice; call out, sing out, cry out; exclaim; rend the air; thunder at the top of one's voice, shout at the top of one's voice, shout at the pitch of one's breath, thunder at the pitch of one's breath; s'égosiller; strain the throat, strain the voice, strain the lungs; give a cry &c.

Adj. crying &c. v.; clamant, clamorous; vociferous; stentorian &c. (loud) ; open-mouthed.

#412. [Animal sounds.] Ululation —

N. cry &c. v.; crying &c. v.; bowwow, ululation, latration, belling; reboation; wood-note; insect cry, fritiniancy, drone; screech owl; cuckoo. wailing (lamentation) .

V. cry, roar, bellow, blare, rebellow; growl, snarl. [specific animal sounds] bark [dog, seal]; bow-wow, yelp [dog]; bay, bay at the moon [dog, wolf]; yap, yip, yipe, growl, yarr, yawl, snarl, howl [dog, wolf]; grunt, gruntle; snort [pig, hog, swine, horse]; squeak, [swine, mouse]; neigh, whinny [horse]; bray [donkey, mule, hinny, ass]; mew, mewl [kitten]; meow [cat]; purr [cat]; caterwaul, pule [cats]; baa, bleat [lamb]; low, moo [cow, cattle]; troat, croak, peep [frog]; coo [dove, pigeon]; gobble [turkeys]; quack [duck]; honk, gaggle, guggle [goose]; crow, caw, squawk, screech, [crow]; cackle, cluck, clack [hen, rooster, poultry]; chuck, chuckle; hoot, hoo [owl]; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter, cuckoo, warble, trill, tweet, pipe, whistle [small birds]; hum [insects, hummingbird]; buzz [flying insects, bugs]; hiss [snakes, geese]; blatter; ratatat [woodpecker]. Adj. crying &c. v.; blatant, latrant, remugient, mugient; deep-mouthed, full-mouthed; rebellowing, reboant.

Adv. in full cry.

(iii) MUSICAL SOUNDS

#413. Melody. Concord — N. melody, rhythm, measure; rhyme &c. (poetry) . pitch, timbre, intonation, tone. scale, gamut; diapason; diatonic chromatic scale, enharmonic scale; key, clef, chords. modulation, temperament, syncope, syncopation, preparation, suspension, resolution. staff, stave, line, space, brace; bar, rest; appoggiato, appoggiatura; acciaccatura. note, musical note, notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; high note &c. (shrillness) ; low note &c. ; interval; semitone; second, third, fourth &c.; diatessaron. breve, semibreve [Mus.], minim, crotchet, quaver; semiquaver, demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver; sustained note, drone, burden. tonic; key note, leading note, fundamental note; supertonic, mediant, dominant; submediant, subdominant; octave, tetrachord; major key, minor key, major scale, minor scale, major mode, minor mode; passage, phrase. concord, harmony; emmeleia; unison, unisonance; chime, homophony; euphony, euphonism; tonality; consonance; consent; part. [Science of harmony] harmony, harmonics; thorough-bass, fundamental-bass; counterpoint; faburden. piece of music &c. [Fr.]; composer, harmonist, contrapuntist (musician) .

V. be harmonious &c. adj.; harmonize, chime, symphonize, transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string.

Adj. harmonious, harmonical; in concord &c. n., in tune, in concert; unisonant, concentual, symphonizing, isotonic, homophonous, assonant; ariose, consonant. measured, rhythmical, diatonic, chromatic, enharmonic. melodious, musical; melic; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet, canorous; mellow, mellifluous; soft, clear, clear as a bell; silvery; euphonious, euphonic, euphonical; symphonious; enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving) ; fine-toned, full-toned, silver-toned.

Adv. harmoniously, in harmony; as one &c. adj.. Phr. the hidden soul of harmony" [Milton].

#414. Discord —

N. discord, discordance; dissonance, cacophony, want of harmony, caterwauling; harshness &c. . [Confused sounds], Babel, Dutch concert, cat's concert; marrowbones and cleavers.

V. be discordant &c. adj.; jar &c. (sound harshly) . Adj. discordant; dissonant, absonant; out of tune, tuneless; unmusical, untunable; unmelodious, immelodious; unharmonious, inharmonious; singsong; cacophonous; harsh &c. ; jarring.

#415. Music —

N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c. ; aria, arietta; piece of music [Fr.], work, number, opus; sonata; rondo, rondeau [Fr.]; pastorale, cavatina, roulade, fantasia, concerto, overture, symphony, variations, cadenza; cadence; fugue, canon, quodlibet, serenade, notturno [It], dithyramb; opera, operetta; oratorio; composition, movement; stave; passamezzo [It], toccata, Vorspiel [G.]. instrumental music; full score; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedledee, band, orchestra; concerted piece [Fr.], potpourri, capriccio. vocal music, vocalism; chaunt, chant; psalm, psalmody; hymn; song &c. (poem) ; canticle, canzonet, cantata, bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral, recitative, recitativo, solfeggio. Lydian measures; slow music, slow movement; adagio &c. adv.; minuet; siren strains, soft music, lullaby; dump; dirge &c. (lament) ; pibroch; martial music, march; dance music; waltz &c. (dance) . solo, duet, duo, trio; quartet, quartett; septett; part song, descant, glee, madrigal, catch, round, chorus, chorale; antiphon, antiphony; accompaniment, second, bass; score; bourdon, drone, morceau, terzetto. composer &c. ; musician &c. .

V. compose, perform &c. ; attune.

Adj. musical; instrumental, vocal, choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious &c. ; Wagnerian.

Adv. adagio; largo, larghetto, andante, andantino; alla capella [It]; maestoso, moderato; allegro, allegretto; spiritoso, vivace, veloce; presto, prestissimo; con brio; capriccioso; scherzo, scherzando; legato, staccato, crescendo, diminuendo, rallentando, affettuoso; obbligato; pizzicato; desto.

Phr. in notes by distance made more sweet" [Collins]; like the faint exquisite music of a dream" [Moore]; music arose with its voluptuous swell" [Byron]; music is the universal language of mankind" [Longfellow]; music's golden tongue" [Keats]; the speech of angels" [Carlyle]; will sing the savageness out of a bear" [Othello]; music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.

#416. Musician [Performance of Music.] —

N. musician, artiste, performer, player, minstrel; bard &c. (poet) ; [specific types of musicians] accompanist, accordionist, instrumentalist, organist, pianist, violinist, flautist; harper, fiddler, fifer, trumpeter, piper, drummer; catgut scraper. band, orchestral waits. vocalist, melodist; singer, warbler; songster, chaunter, chauntress, songstress; cantatrice. choir, quire, chorister; chorus, chorus singer; liedertafel [G.]. nightingale, philomel, thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis; Pierides; sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo, the Muses Erato, Euterpe, Terpsichore; tuneful nine, tuneful quire. composer &c. . performance, execution, touch, expression, solmization.

V. play, pipe, strike up, sweep the chords, tweedle, fiddle; strike the lyre, beat the drum; blow the horn, sound the horn, wind the horn; doodle; grind the organ; touch the guitar &c. (instruments) ; thrum, strum, beat time. execute, perform; accompany; sing a second, play a second; compose, set to music, arrange. sing, chaunt, chant, hum, warble, carol, chirp, chirrup, lilt, purl, quaver, trill, shake, twitter, whistle; sol-fa; intone. have an ear for music, have a musical ear, have a correct ear.

Adj. playing &c. v.; musical.

Adv. adagio, andante &c. (music) .

#417. Musical Instruments — N. musical instruments; band; string-band, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina. [Stringed instruments], monochord, polychord; harp, lyre, lute, archlute; mandola, mandolin, mandoline; guitar; zither; cither, cithern; gittern, rebeck, bandurria, bandura, banjo; bina, vina; xanorphica. viol, violin, fiddle, kit; viola, viola d'amore [Fr.], viola di gamba [It]; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass; bass viol, base viol; theorbo, double base, contrabasso, violone, psaltery [Slang]; bow, fiddlestick. piano, pianoforte; harpsichord, clavichord, clarichord, manichord; clavier, spinet, virginals, dulcimer, hurdy-gurdy, vielle, pianino, Eolian harp. [Wind instruments]; organ, harmonium, harmoniphon; American organ, barrel organ, hand organ; accordion, seraphina, concertina; humming top. flute, fife, piccolo, flageolet; clarinet, claronet; basset horn, corno di bassetto [It], oboe, hautboy, cor Anglais [Fr.], corno Inglese, bassoon, double bassoon, contrafagotto, serpent, bass clarinet; bagpipes, union pipes; musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes; reed instrument; sirene, pipe, pitch-pipe; sourdet; whistle, catcall; doodlesack, harmoniphone. horn, bugle, cornet, cornet-a-pistons, cornopean, clarion, trumpet, trombone, ophicleide; French horn, saxophone, sax [Slang], buglehorn, saxhorn, flugelhorn, althorn, helicanhorn, posthorn; sackbut, euphonium, bombardon tuba. [Vibrating surfaces] cymbal, bell, gong; tambour, tambourine, tamborine; drum, tom-tom; tabor, tabret, tabourine, taborin; side drum, kettle drum; timpani, tympani; tymbal, timbrel, castanet, bones; musical glasses, musical stones; harmonica, sounding-board, rattle; tam-tam, zambomba. [Vibrating bars] reed, tuning fork, triangle, Jew's harp, musical box, harmonicon, xylophone. sordine, sordet; sourdine, sourdet; mute.

(iv) PERCEPTION OF SOUND

#418. [Sense of sound.] Hearing —

N. hearing &c. v.; audition, auscultation; eavesdropping; audibility. acute ear, nice ear, delicate ear, quick ear, sharp ear, correct ear, musical ear; ear for music. ear, auricle, lug, acoustic organs, auditory apparatus; eardrum, tympanum, tympanic membrane. [devices to aid human hearing by amplifying sound] ear trumpet, speaking trumpet, hearing aid, stethoscope. [distance within which direct hearing is possible] earshot, hearing distance, hearing, hearing range, sound, carrying distance. [devices for talking beyond hearing distance: list] telephone, phone, telephone booth, intercom, house phone, radiotelephone, radiophone, wireless, wireless telephone, mobile telephone, car radio, police radio, two-way radio, walkie-talkie [Mil.], handie-talkie, citizen's band, CB, amateur radio, ham radio, short-wave radio, police band, ship-to-shore radio, airplane radio, control tower communication; (communication) , , , , ; electronic devices [devices for recording and reproducing recorded sound], phonograph, gramophone, megaphone, phonorganon. [device to convert sound to electrical signals] microphone, directional microphone, mike, hand mike, lapel microphone. [devices to convert recorded sound to electronic signals] phonograph needle, stylus, diamond stylus, pickup; reading head (electronic devices). hearer, auditor, listener, eavesdropper, listener-in. auditory, audience. [science of hearing] otology, otorhinolaryngology. [physicians specializing in hearing] otologist, otorhinolaryngologist.

V. hear, overhear; hark, harken; list, listen, pay attention, take heed; give an ear, lend an ear, bend an ear; catch, catch a sound, prick up one's ears; give ear, give a hearing, give audience to. hang upon the lips of, be all ears, listen with both ears. become audible; meet the ear, fall upon the ear, catch the ear, reach the ear; be heard; ring in the ear &c. (resound) .

Adj. hearing &c. v.; auditory, auricular, acoustic; phonic.

Adv. arrectis auribus [Lat.].

Int. hark, hark ye!, hear!, list, listen!, O yes!, Oyez!, listen up [Coll.]; listen here!, hear ye!, attention!, achtung [G.].

#419. Deafness — N. deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity; inaudibility, inaudibleness.

V. be deaf &c. adj.; have no ear; shut one's ears, stop one's ears, close one's ears; turn a deaf ear to. render deaf, stun, deafen.

Adj. deaf, earless, surd; hard of hearing, dull of hearing; deaf-mute, stunned, deafened; stone deaf; deaf as a post, deaf as an adder, deaf as a beetle, deaf as a trunkmaker. inaudible, out of hearing.

Phr. hear no evil.

(6) Light

(i) LIGHT IN GENERAL

#420. Light —

N. light, ray, beam, stream, gleam, streak, pencil; sunbeam, moonbeam; aurora. day; sunshine; light of day, light of heaven; moonlight, starlight, sunlight &c. (luminary) ; daylight, broad daylight, noontide light; noontide, noonday, noonday sun. glow &c. v.; glimmering &c. v.; glint; play of light, flood of light; phosphorescence, lambent flame. flush, halo, glory, nimbus, aureola. spark, scintilla; facula; sparkling &c. v.; emication, scintillation, flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration; flame &c. (fire) ; lightning, levin, ignis fatuus [Lat.], &c. (luminary) . luster, sheen, shimmer, reflexion [Brit.], reflection; gloss, tinsel, spangle, brightness, brilliancy, splendor; effulgence, refulgence; fulgor, fulgidity; dazzlement, resplendence, transplendency; luminousness &c. adj.; luminosity; lucidity; renitency, nitency; radiance, radiation; irradiation, illumination. actinic rays, actinism; Roentgen-ray, Xray; photography, heliography; photometer &c. . [Science of light] optics; photology, photometry; dioptrics, catoptrics. [Distribution of light] chiaroscuro, clairobscur, clear obscure, breadth, light and shade, black and white, tonality. reflection, refraction, dispersion; refractivity.

V. shine, glow, glitter; glister, glisten; twinkle, gleam; flare, flare up; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker, sparkle, scintillate, coruscate, flash, blaze; be bright &c. adj.; reflect light, daze, dazzle, bedazzle, radiate, shoot out beams; fulgurate. clear up, brighten. lighten, enlighten; levin; light, light up; irradiate, shine upon; give out a light, hang out a light; cast light upon, cast light in, throw light upon, throw light in, shed light upon, shed luster upon; illume, illumine, illuminate; relume, strike a light; kindle &c. (set fire to) . Adj. shining &c. v.; luminous, luminiferous; lucid, lucent, luculent, lucific, luciferous; light, lightsome; bright, vivid, splendent, nitid, lustrous, shiny, beamy, scintillant, radiant, lambent; sheen, sheeny; glossy, burnished, glassy, sunny, orient, meridian; noonday, tide; cloudless, clear; unclouded, unobscured. gairish, garish; resplendent, transplendent; refulgent, effulgent; fulgid, fulgent; relucent, splendid, blazing, in a blaze, ablaze, rutilant, meteoric, phosphorescent; aglow. bright as silver; light as day, bright as day, light as noonday, bright as noonday, bright as the sun at noonday. actinic; photogenic, graphic; heliographic; heliophagous.

Phr. a day for gods to stoop and men to soar" [Tennyson]; dark with excessive bright" [Milton].

#421. Darkness — N. darkness &c. adj., absence of light; blackness &c. (dark color) ; obscurity, gloom, murk; dusk &c. (dimness) . Cimmerian darkness, Stygian darkness, Egyptian darkness; night; midnight; dead of night, witching hour of night, witching time of night; blind man's holiday; darkness visible, darkness that can be felt; palpable obscure; Erebus [Lat.]; the jaws of darkness" [Midsummer Night's Dream]; sablevested night" [Milton]. shade, shadow, umbra, penumbra; sciagraphy. obscuration; occultation, adumbration, obumbration; obtenebration, offuscation, caligation; extinction; eclipse, total eclipse; gathering of the clouds. shading; distribution of shade; chiaroscuro &c. (light) . noctivagation. [perfectly black objects] black body; hohlraum [Phys.]; black hole; dark star; dark matter, cold dark matter.

V. be dark &c. adj.. darken, obscure, shade; dim; tone down, lower; overcast, overshadow; eclipse; obfuscate, offuscate; obumbrate, adumbrate; cast into the shade becloud, bedim, bedarken; cast a shade, throw a shade, spread a shade, cast a shadow, cast a gloom, throw a shadow, spread a shadow, cast gloom, throw gloom, spread gloom. extinguish; put out, blow out, snuff out; doubt. turn out the lights, douse the lights, dim the lights, turn off the lights, switch off the lights. Adj. dark, darksome, darkling; obscure, tenebrious, sombrous, pitch dark, pitchy, pitch black; caliginous; black &c. (in color) . sunless, lightless &c. (sun) (light), &c. ; somber, dusky; unilluminated &c. (illuminate) &c. ; nocturnal; dingy, lurid, gloomy; murky, murksome; shady, umbrageous; overcast &c. (dim) ; cloudy &c. (opaque) ; darkened; &c. v.. dark as pitch, dark as a pit, dark as Erebus [Lat.]. benighted; noctivagant, noctivagous.

Adv. in the dark, in the shade.

Phr. brief as the lightning in the collied night" [M. N. D.]; eldest Night and Chaos, ancestors of Nature" [Paradise Lost]; the blackness of the noonday night" [Longfellow]; the prayer of Ajax was for light" [Longfellow].

#422. Dimness —

N. dimness &c. adj.; darkness &c. ; paleness &c. (light color) . half light, demi-jour; partial shadow, partial eclipse; shadow of a shade; glimmer, gliming; nebulosity; cloud &c. ; eclipse. aurora, dusk, twilight, shades of evening, crepuscule, cockshut time; break of day, daybreak, dawn. moonlight, moonbeam, moonglade, moonshine; starlight, owl's light, candlelight, rushlight, firelight; farthing candle.

V. be dim, grow dim &c. adj.; flicker, twinkle, glimmer; loom, lower; fade; pale, pale its ineffectual fire [Hamlet]. render dim &c. adj.; dim, bedim, obscure; darken, tone down. Adj. dim, dull, lackluster, dingy, darkish, shorn of its beams, dark . faint, shadowed forth; glassy; cloudy; misty &c. (opaque) ; blear; muggy, fuliginous; nebulous, nebular; obnubilated, overcast, crepuscular, muddy, lurid, leaden, dun, dirty; looming &c. v.. pale &c. (colorless) ; confused &c. (invisible) .

#423. [Source of light, self-luminous body.] Luminary —

N. luminary; light &c. ; flame &c. (fire) . spark, scintilla; phosphorescence, fluorescence. sun, orb of day, Phoebus, Apollo, Aurora; star, orb; meteor, falling star, shooting star; blazing star, dog star, Sirius; canicula, Aldebaran; constellation, galaxy; zodiacal light; anthelion; day star, morning star; Lucifer; mock sun, parhelion; phosphor, phosphorus; sun dog; Venus. aurora, polar lights; northern lights, aurora borealis; southern lights, aurora australis. lightning; chain lightning, fork lightning, sheet lightning, summer lightning; ball lightning, kugelblitz [G.]; [chemical substances giving off light without burning] phosphorus, yellow phosphorus; scintillator, phosphor; firefly luminescence. ignis fatuus [Lat.]; Jack o'lantern, Friar's lantern; will-o'-the-wisp, firedrake, Fata Morgana [Lat.]; Saint Elmo's fire. [luminous insects] glowworm, firefly, June bug, lightning bug. [luminous fish] anglerfish. [Artificial light] gas; gas light, lime light, lantern, lanthorn; dark lantern, bull's-eye; candle, bougie [Fr.], taper, rushlight; oil &c. (grease) ; wick, burner; Argand, moderator, duplex; torch, flambeau, link, brand; gaselier, chandelier, electrolier, candelabrum, candelabra, girandole, sconce, luster, candlestick. [non-combustion based light sources] lamp, light; incandescent lamp, tungsten bulb, light bulb; flashlight, torch [Brit.]; arc light; laser; [microwave radiation]; maser neon bulb, neon sign; fluorescent lamp. [parts of a light bulb] filament; socket; contacts; filler gas. firework, fizgig; pyrotechnics; rocket, lighthouse &c. (signal) .

V. illuminate &c. (light) .

Adj. self-luminous, glowing; phosphoric, phosphorescent, fluorescent; incandescent; luminescent, chemiluminescent; radiant &c. (light) .

Phr. blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels" [Longfellow]; the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky" [Campbell]; the planets in their station list'ning stood" [Paradise Lost]; the Scriptures of the skies" [Bailey]; that orbed continent, the fire that severs day from that orbed continent, the fire that severs day from night" [Twelfth Night].

#424. Shade —

N. shade; awning &c. (cover) ; parasol, sunshade, umbrella; chick; portiere; screen, curtain, shutter, blind, gauze, veil, chador, mantle, mask; cloud, mist, gathering. of clouds. umbrage, glade; shadow &c. . beach umbrella, folding umbrella.

V. draw a curtain; put up a shutter, close a shutter; veil &c. v.; cast a shadow &c. (darken) .

Adj. shady, umbrageous.

Phr. welcome ye shades! ye bowery thickets hail" [Thomson].

#425. Transparency — N. transparence, transparency; clarity; translucence, translucency; diaphaneity; lucidity, pellucidity, limpidity; fluorescence; transillumination, translumination. transparent medium, glass, crystal, lymph, vitrite, water.

V. be transparent &c. adj.; transmit light.

Adj. transparent, pellucid, lucid, diaphanous, translucent, tralucent, relucent; limpid, clear, serene, crystalline, clear as crystal, vitreous, transpicuous, glassy, hyaline; hyaloid [Med.], vitreform.

#426. Opacity —

N. opacity; opaqueness &c. adj.. film; cloud &c. .

V. be opaque &c. adj.; obstruct the passage of light; obfuscate, offuscate.

Adj. opaque, impervious to light; adiaphanous; dim &c. ; turbid, thick, muddy, opacous, obfuscated, fuliginous, cloud, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous, muggy &c. (turbidity) 426.1. smoky, fumid, murky, dirty.

#426a. Turbidity — N. turbidity, cloudiness, fog, haze, muddiness, haziness, obscurity. nephelometer [instrument to measure turbidity].

Adj. turbid, thick, muddy, obfuscated, fuliginous, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous; cloudy (cloud) . smoky, fumid, murky, dirty.

#427. Semitransparency — N. semitransparency, translucency, semiopacity; opalescence, milkiness, pearliness; gauze, muslin; film; mica, mother-of-pearl, nacre; mist &c. (cloud) . [opalescent jewel] opal. turbidity &c. 426.1.

Adj. semitransparent, translucent, semipellucid, semidiaphanous, semiopacous, semiopaque; opalescent, opaline; pearly, milky; frosted, nacreous.

V. opalesce.

(ii) SPECIFIC LIGHT

#428. Color —

N. color, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade, tincture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush; tone, key. pure color, positive color, primary color, primitive complementary color; three primaries; spectrum, chromatic dispersion; broken color, secondary color, tertiary color. local color, coloring, keeping, tone, value, aerial perspective. [Science of color] chromatics, spectrum analysis, spectroscopy; chromatism, chromatography, chromatology. [instruments to measure color] prism, spectroscope, spectrograph, spectrometer, colorimeter (optical instruments) . pigment, coloring matter, paint, dye, wash, distemper, stain; medium; mordant; oil paint &c. (painting) .

V. color, dye, tinge, stain, tint, tinct, paint, wash, ingrain, grain, illuminate, emblazon, bedizen, imbue; paint &c. (fine art) . Adj. colored &c. v.; colorific, tingent, tinctorial; chromatic, prismatic; full-colored, high-colored, deep-colored; doubly-dyed; polychromatic; chromatogenous; tingible. bright, vivid, intense, deep; fresh, unfaded; rich, gorgeous; gay. gaudy, florid; gay, garish; rainbow-colored, multihued; showy, flaunting, flashy; raw, crude; glaring, flaring; discordant, inharmonious. mellow, pastel, harmonious, pearly, sweet, delicate, tender, refined.

#429. [Absence of color.] Achromatism —

N. achromatism; decoloration, discoloration; pallor, pallidness, pallidity; paleness &c. adj.; etiolation; neutral tint, monochrome, black and white.

V. lose color &c. ; fade, fly, go; become colorless &c. adj.; turn pale, pale. deprive of color, decolorize, bleach, tarnish, achromatize, blanch, etiolate, wash out, tone down.

Adj. uncolored &c. (color) &c. ; colorless, achromatic, aplanatic; etiolate, etiolated; hueless, pale, pallid; palefaced, tallow-faced; faint, dull, cold, muddy, leaden, dun, wan, sallow, dead, dingy, ashy, ashen, ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lackluster; discolored &c. v.. light-colored, fair, blond; white &c. . pale as death, pale as ashes, pale as a witch, pale as a ghost, pale as a corpse, white as a corpse.

#430. Whiteness — N. whiteness &c. adj.; argent. albification, etiolation; lactescence. snow, paper, chalk, milk, lily, ivory, alabaster; albata, eburin, German silver, white metal, barium sulphate [Chem], titanium oxide, blanc fixe [Fr.], ceruse, pearl white; white lead, carbonate of lead.

V. be white &c. adj.. render white &c. adj.; whiten, bleach, blanch, etiolate, whitewash, silver.

Adj. white; milk-white, snow-white; snowy; niveous, candid, chalky; hoar, hoary; silvery; argent, argentine; canescent, cretaceous, lactescent. whitish, creamy, pearly, fair, blond; blanched &c. v.; high in tone, light. white as a sheet, white as driven snow, white as a lily, white as silver; like ivory &c. n..

#431. Blackness — N. blackness, &c. adj.; darkness, &c. (want of light).. ; swartliness, lividity, dark color, tone, color; chiaroscuro &c. . nigrification, infuscation. jet, ink, ebony, coal pitch, soot, charcoal, sloe, smut, raven, crow. [derogatory terms for black-skinned people] negro, blackamoor, man of color, nigger, darkie, Ethiop, black; buck, nigger [U.S.]; coon [U.S.], sambo. [Pigments] lampblack, ivory black, blueblack; writing ink, printing ink, printer's ink, Indian ink, India ink.

V. be black &c. adj.; render black &c. adj.. blacken, infuscate, denigrate; blot, blotch; smutch; smirch; darken &c. . black, sable, swarthy, somber, dark, inky, ebony, ebon, atramentous, jetty; coal-black, jet-black; fuliginous, pitchy, sooty, swart, dusky, dingy, murky, Ethiopic; low-toned, low in tone; of the deepest dye. black as jet &c. n., black as my hat, black as a shoe, black as a tinker's pot, black as November, black as thunder, black as midnight; nocturnal &c. (dark) ; nigrescent; gray &c. ; obscure &c. .

Adv. in mourning.

#432. Gray —

N. gray &c. adj.; neutral tint, silver, pepper and salt, chiaroscuro, grisaille [Fr.]. [Pigments] Payne's gray; black &c. .

Adj. gray, grey; iron-gray, dun, drab, dingy, leaden, livid, somber, sad, pearly, russet, roan; calcareous, limy, favillous; silver, silvery, silvered; ashen, ashy; cinereous, cineritious; grizzly, grizzled; slate-colored, stone-colored, mouse-colored, ash-colored; cool.

#433. Brown —

N. brown &c. adj.. [Pigments],, bister ocher, sepia, Vandyke brown.

V. render brown &c. adj.; tan, embrown, bronze.

Adj. brown, bay, dapple, auburn, castaneous, chestnut, nut-brown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, fuscous, chocolate, maroon, foxy, tan, brunette, whitey brown; fawn-colored, snuff-colored, liver-colored; brown as a berry, brown as mahogany, brown as the oak leaves; khaki. sun-burnt; tanned &c. v..

#434. Redness —

N. red, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, crimson, pink, lake, maroon, carnation, couleur de rose [Fr.], rose du Barry; magenta, damask, purple; flesh color, flesh tint; color; fresh color, high color; warmth; gules [Heral.]. ruby, carbuncle; rose; rust, iron mold. [Dyes and pigments] cinnabar, cochineal; fuchsine; ruddle, madder; Indian red, light red, Venetian red; red ink, annotto; annatto, realgar, minium, red lead. redness &c. adj.; rubescence, rubicundity, rubification; erubescence, blush.

V. be red, become red &c. adj.; blush, flush, color up, mantle, redden. render red &c. adj.; redden, rouge; rubify, rubricate; incarnadine.; ruddle.

Adj. red &c. n., reddish; rufous, ruddy, florid, incarnadine, sanguine; rosy, roseate; blowzy, blowed; burnt; rubicund, rubiform; lurid, stammell blood red; russet buff, murrey, carroty, sorrel, lateritious; rubineous, rubricate, rubricose, rufulous. rose-colored, ruby-colored, cherry-colored, claret-colored, flame-colored, flesh-colored, peach-colored, salmon-colored, brick-colored, brick-colored, dust-colored. blushing &c. v.; erubescent; reddened &c. v.. red as fire, red as blood, red as scarlet, red as a turkey cock, red as a lobster; warm, hot; foxy.

#435. Greenness — N. green &c. adj.; blue and yellow; vert [Heral.]. emerald, verd antique [Fr.], verdigris, malachite, beryl, aquamarine; absinthe, crême de menthe [Fr.]. [Pigments] terre verte [Fr.], verditer, verdine, copperas. greenness, verdure; viridity, viridescence; verditure. [disease of eyes with green tint] glaucoma, rokunaisho [Jap.Tr.].

Adj. green, verdant; glaucous, olive, olive green; green as grass; verdurous. emerald green, pea green, grass green, apple green, sea green, olive green, bottle green, coke bottle green. greenish; virent, virescent. green (learner) , new, inexperienced, novice, (unskillful) . green (ill, sick).

Phr. green with envy; the green grass of Ireland; the wearing of the green.

#436. Yellowness — N. yellow &c. adj.; or. [Pigments] gamboge; cadmium-yellow, chrome-yellow, Indian-yellow king's-yellow, lemonyellow; orpiment, yellow ocher, Claude tint, aureolin; xanthein [Chem], xanthin; zaofulvin. crocus, saffron, topaz; xanthite; yolk. jaundice; London fog; yellowness &c. adj.; icterus; xantho-cyanopia, xanthopsia [Med.].

Adj. yellow, aureate, golden, flavous, citrine, fallow; fulvous, fulvid; sallow, luteous, tawny, creamy, sandy; xanthic, xanthous; jaundiced, auricomous. gold-colored, citron-colored, saffron-colored, lemon-colored, lemon yellow, sulphur-colored, amber-colored, straw-colored, primrose-colored, creamcolored; xanthocarpous, xanthochroid, xanthopous. yellow as a quince, yellow as a guinea, yellow as a crow's foot. warm, advancing.

#437. Purple —

N. purple &c. adj.; blue and red, bishop's purple; aniline dyes, gridelin, amethyst; purpure [Heral.]; heliotrope. lividness, lividity.

V. empurple. Adj. purple, violet, ultraviolet; plum-colored, lavender, lilac, puce, mauve; livid.

#438. Blueness — N. blue &c. adj.; garter-blue; watchet. [Pigments] ultramarine, smalt, cobalt, cyanogen [Chem]; Prussian blue, syenite blue; bice, indigo; zaffer. lapis lazuli, sapphire, turquoise; indicolite. blueness, bluishness; bloom.

Adj. blue, azure, cerulean; sky-blue, sky-colored, sky-dyed; cerulescent; powder blue, bluish; atmospheric, retiring; cold.

#439. Orange —

N. orange, red and yellow; gold; or; flame color &c. adj.. [Pigments] ocher, Mars'orange, cadmium. cardinal bird, cardinal flower, cardinal grosbeak, cardinal lobelia (a flowering plant).

V. gild, warm.

Adj. orange; ochreous; orange-colored, gold-colored, flame-colored, copper-colored, brass-colored, apricot-colored; warm, hot, glowing.

#440. Variegation — N. variegation; colors, dichroism, trichroism; iridescence, play of colors, polychrome, maculation, spottiness, striae. spectrum, rainbow, iris, tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly, tortoise shell; mackerel, mackerel sky; zebra, leopard, cheetah, nacre, ocelot, ophite, mother-of-pearl, opal, marble. check, plaid, tartan, patchwork; marquetry-, parquetry; mosaic, tesserae, strigae; chessboard, checkers, chequers; harlequin; Joseph's coat; tricolor.

V. be variegated &c. adj.; variegate, stripe, streak, checker, chequer; bespeckle, speckle; besprinkle, sprinkle; stipple, maculate, dot, bespot; tattoo, inlay, damascene; embroider, braid, quilt.

Adj. variegated &c. v.; many-colored, many-hued; divers-colored, party-colored; dichromatic, polychromatic; bicolor, tricolor, versicolor; of all the colors of the rainbow, of all manner of colors; kaleidoscopic. iridescent; opaline, opalescent; prismatic, nacreous, pearly, shot, gorge de pigeon, chatoyant; irisated, pavonine. pied, piebald; motley; mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned, dappled, clouded, cymophanous. mosaic, tesselated, plaid; tortoise shell &c. n.. spotted, spotty; punctated, powdered; speckled &c. v.; freckled, flea-bitten, studded; flecked, fleckered; striated, barred, veined; brinded, brindled; tabby; watered; grizzled; listed; embroidered &c. v.; daedal; naevose, stipiform; strigose, striolate.

(iii) PERCEPTIONS OF LIGHT

#441. Vision —

N. vision, sight, optics, eyesight. view, look, espial, glance, ken [Scot.], coup d'oeil [Fr.]; glimpse, glint, peep; gaze, stare, leer; perlustration, contemplation; conspection, conspectuity; regard, survey; introspection; reconnaissance, speculation, watch, espionage, espionnage [Fr.], autopsy; ocular inspection, ocular demonstration; sight-seeing. point of view; gazebo, loophole, belvedere, watchtower. field of view; theater, amphitheater, arena, vista, horizon; commanding view, bird's eye view; periscope. visual organ, organ of vision; eye; naked eye, unassisted eye; retina, pupil, iris, cornea, white; optics, orbs; saucer eyes, goggle eyes, gooseberry eyes. short sight &c. ; clear sight, sharp sight, quick sight, eagle sight, piercing sight, penetrating sight, clear glance, sharp glance, quick glance, eagle glance, piercing glance, penetrating glance, clear eye, sharp eye, quick eye, eagle eye, piercing eye, penetrating eye; perspicacity, discernment; catopsis. eagle, hawk; cat, lynx; Argus. evil eye; basilisk, cockatrice [Myth.].

V. see, behold, discern, perceive, have in sight, descry, sight, make out, discover, distinguish, recognize, spy, espy, ken [Scot.]; get a sight of, have a sight of, catch a sight of, get a glimpse of, have a glimpse of, catch a glimpse of; command a view of; witness, contemplate, speculate; cast the eyes on, set the eyes on; be a spectator of &c. ; look on &c. (be present) ; see sights &c. (curiosity) ; see at a glance &c. (intelligence) . look, view, eye; lift up the eyes, open one's eye; look at, look on, look upon, look over, look about one, look round; survey, scan, inspect; run the eye over, run the eye through; reconnoiter, glance round, glance on, glance over turn one's looks upon, bend one's looks upon; direct the eyes to, turn the eyes on, cast a glance. observe &c. (attend to) ; watch &c. (care) ; see with one's own eyes; watch for &c. (expect) ; peep, peer, pry, take a peep; play at bopeep. look full in the face, look hard at, look intently; strain one's eyes; fix the eyes upon, rivet the eyes upon; stare, gaze; pore over, gloat on; leer, ogle, glare; goggle; cock the eye, squint, gloat, look askance.

Adj. seeing &c. v.; visual, ocular; optic, optical; ophthalmic. clear-eyesighted &c. n.; eagle-eyed, hawk-eyed, lynx-eyed, keen-eyed, Argus-eyed. visible &c. .

Adv. visibly &c. ; in sight of, with one's eyes open at sight, at first sight, at a glance, at the first blush; prima facie [Lat.].

Int. look!, &c. (attention) .

Phr. the scales falling from one's eyes; an eye like Mars to threaten or command" [Hamlet]; her eyes are homes of silent prayer" [Tennyson]; looking before and after" [Hamlet]; thy rapt soul sitting in thine eyes" [Milton].

#442. Blindness — N. blindness, cecity, excecation, amaurosis, cataract, ablepsy, ablepsia, prestriction; dim-sightedness &c. ; Braille, Braille-type; guttaserena (drop serene), noctograph, teichopsia.

V. be blind &c. adj.; not see; lose sight of; have the eyes bandaged; grope in the dark. not look; close the eyes, shut the eyes-, turn away the eyes, avert the eyes; look another way; wink &c. (limited vision) ; shut the eyes to, be blind to, wink at, blink at. render blind &c. adj.; blind, blindfold; hoodwink, dazzle, put one's eyes out; throw dust into one's eyes, pull the wool over one's eyes; jeter de la poudre aux yeux [Fr.]; screen from sight &c. (hide) . Adj. blind; eyeless, sightless, visionless; dark; stone-blind, sand-blind, stark-blind; undiscerning; dimsighted &c. . blind as a bat, blind as a buzzard, blind as a beetle, blind as a mole, blind as an owl; wall-eyed. blinded &c. v..

Adv. blindly, blindfold, blindfolded; darkly.

Phr. O dark, dark, dark, amid the blaze of noon" [Milton].

#443. [Imperfect vision.] Dimsightedness [Fallacies of vision.] —

N. dim sight, dull sight half sight, short sight, near sight, long sight, double sight, astigmatic sight, failing sight; dimsightedness &c.; purblindness, lippitude; myopia, presbyopia; confusion of vision; astigmatism; color blindness, chromato pseudo blepsis, Daltonism; nyctalopia; strabismus, strabism, squint; blearedness, day blindness, hemeralopia, nystagmus; xanthocyanopia, xanthopsia [Med.]; cast in the eye, swivel eye, goggle-eyes; obliquity of vision. winking &c. v.; nictitation; blinkard, albino. dizziness, swimming, scotomy; cataract; ophthalmia. [Limitation of vision] blinker; screen &c. (hider) . [Fallacies of vision] deceptio visus [Lat.]; refraction, distortion, illusion, false light, anamorphosis, virtual image, spectrum, mirage, looming, phasma; phantasm, phantasma, phantom; vision; specter, apparition, ghost; ignis fatuus [Lat.] &c. (luminary) ; specter of the Brocken; magic mirror; magic lantern &c. (show) ; mirror lens &c. (instrument) .

V. be dimsighted &c. n.; see double; have a mote in the eye, have a mist before the eyes, have a film over the eyes; see through a prism, see through a glass darkly; wink, blink, nictitate; squint; look askant, askant askance; screw up the eyes, glare, glower; nictate. dazzle, loom.

Adj. dim-sighted &c. n.; myopic, presbyopic; astigmatic, moon-eyed, mope-eyed, blear-eyed, goggle-eyed, gooseberry-eyed, one-eyed; blind of one eye, monoculous; half-blind, purblind; cock-eyed, dim-eyed, mole-eyed; dichroic. blind as a bat &c. (blind) ; winking &c. v..

#444. Spectator — N. spectator, beholder, observer, looker-on, onlooker, witness, eyewitness, bystander, passer by; sightseer; rubberneck, rubbernecker [U.S.]. spy; sentinel &c. (warning) .

V. witness, behold &c. (see) ; look on &c. (be present) ; gawk, rubber [Slang], rubberneck [U.S.].

#445. Optical Instruments — N. optical instruments; lens, meniscus, magnifier, sunglass, magnifying glass, hand lens; microscope, megascope, tienoscope. spectacles, specs [Coll.], glasses, barnacles, goggles, eyeglass, pince-nez, monocle, reading glasses, bifocals; contact lenses, soft lenses, hard lenses; sunglasses, shades [Coll.]. periscopic lens; telescope, glass, lorgnette; spyglass, opera glass, binocular, binoculars, field glass; burning glass, convex lens, concave lens, convexo-concave lens, coated lens, multiple lens, compound lens, lens system, telephoto lens, wide-angle lens, fish-eye lens, zoom lens; optical bench. astronomical telescope, reflecting telescope, reflector, refracting telescope, refractor, Newtonian telescope, folded-path telescope, finder telescope, chromatoscope; X-ray telescope; radiotelescope, phased-array telescope, Very Large Array radiotelescope; ultraviolet telescope; infrared telescope; star spectroscope; space telescope. [telescope mounts] altazimuth mount, equatorial mount. refractometer, circular dichroism spectrometer. interferometer. phase-contrast microscope, fluorescence microscope, dissecting microscope; electron microscope, transmission electron microscope; scanning electron microscope, SEM; scanning tunneling electron microscope. [microscope components] objective lens, eyepiece, barrel, platform, focusing knob; slide, slide glass, cover glass, counting chamber; illuminator, light source, polarizer, [component parts of telescopes] reticle, cross-hairs. light pipe, fiber optics mirror, reflector, speculum; looking-glass, pier-glass, cheval-glass, rear-view mirror, hand mirror, one-way mirror, magnifying mirror. [room with distorting mirrors] fun house. prism, diffraction grating; beam splitter, half-wave plate, quarter-wave plate. camera lucida [Lat.], camera obscura [Lat.]; magic lantern &c. (show) ; stereopticon; chromatrope, thaumatrope; stereoscope, pseudoscope, polyscope, kaleidoscope. photometer, eriometer, actinometer, lucimeter, radiometer; ligth detector, photodiode, photomultiplier, photodiode array, photocell. X-ray diffractometer, goniometer. spectrometer, monochrometer, UV spectrometer, visible spectrometer, Infrared spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, recording spectrometer; densitometer, scanning densitometer, two-dimensional densitometer. abdominoscope, gastroscope [Med.], helioscope, polariscope, polemoscope, spectroscope. abdominoscopy; gastroscopy [Med.]; microscopy, microscopist.

#446. Visibility — N. visibility, perceptibility; conspicuousness, distinctness &c. adj.; conspicuity, conspicuousness; appearance &c. ; bassetting; exposure; manifestation &c. ; ocular proof, ocular evidence, ocular demonstration; field of view &c. (vision) ; periscopism.

V. be become visible &c. adj.; appear, open to the view; meet the eye, catch the eye; basset; present itself, show manifest itself, produce itself, discover itself, reveal itself, expose itself, betray itself; stand forth, stand out; materialize; show; arise; peep out, peer out, crop out; start up, spring up, show up, turn up, crop up; glimmer, loom; glare; burst forth; burst upon the view, burst upon the sight; heave in sight; come in sight, come into view, come out, come forth, come forward; see the light of day; break through the clouds; make its appearance, show its face, appear to one's eyes, come upon the stage, float before the eyes, speak for itself &c. (manifest) ; attract the attention &c. ; reappear; live in a glass house. expose to view &c. .

Adj. visible, perceptible, perceivable, discernible, apparent; in view, in full view, in sight; exposed to view, en vidence; unclouded, unobscured, in the foreground. obvious &c. (manifest) ; plain, clear, distinct, definite; well defined, well marked; in focus; recognizable, palpable, autoptical; glaring, staring, conspicuous; stereoscopic; in bold, in strong relief. periscopic, panoramic. before one's eyes, under one's eyes; before one, à vue d'oeil [Fr.], in one's eye, oculis subjecta fidelibus [Lat.].

Adv. visibly &c. adj.; in sight of; before one's eyes &c. adj.; veluti in speculum [Lat.].

#447. Invisibility — N. invisibility, invisibleness, nonappearance, imperceptibility; indistinctness &c. adj.; mystery, delitescence. concealment &c. ; latency &c. .

V. be invisible &c. adj.; be hidden &c. (hide) ; lurk &c. (lie hidden) ; escape notice. render invisible &c. adj.; conceal &c. ; put out of sight. not see &c. (be blind) ; lose sight of.

Adj. invisible, imperceptible; undiscernible, indiscernible; unapparent, non-apparent; out of sight, not in sight; a perte de vue [Fr.]; behind the scenes, behind the curtain; viewless, sightless; inconspicuous, unconspicuous; unseen &c. (see) &c. ; covert &c. (latent) ; eclipsed, under an eclipse. dim &c. (faint) ; mysterious, dark, obscure, confused; indistinct, indistinguishable; shadowy, indefinite, undefined; ill-defined, ill-marked; blurred, fuzzy, out of focus; misty &c. (opaque) ; delitescent. hidden, obscured, covered, veiled (concealed) .

Phr. full many a flower is born to blush unseen" [Gray].

#448. Appearance — N. appearance, phenomenon, sight, spectacle, show, premonstration, scene, species, view, coup d'oeil [Fr.]; lookout, outlook, prospect, vista, perspective, bird's-eye view, scenery, landscape, picture, tableau; display, exposure, mise en sc ne [Fr.]; rising of the curtain. phantasm, phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) . pageant, spectacle; peep-show, raree-show, gallanty-show; ombres chinoises [Sp.]; magic lantern, phantasmagoria, dissolving views; biograph, cinematograph, moving pictures; panorama, diorama, cosmorama, georama; coup de theatre, jeu de theatre [Fr.]; pageantry &c. (ostentation) ; insignia &c. (indication) . aspect, angle, phase, phasis, seeming; shape &c. (form) ; guise, look, complexion, color, image, mien, air, cast, carriage, port, demeanor; presence, expression, first blush, face of the thing; point of view, light. lineament feature trait lines; outline, outside; contour, face, countenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz., cast of countenance, profile, tournure, cut of one s jib, metoposcopy; outside &c. .

V. appear; be visible, become visible &c. ; seem, look, show; present the appearance of, wear the appearance of, carry the appearance of, have the appearance of, bear the appearance of, exhibit the appearance of, take the appearance of, take on the appearance of, assume the appearance, present the semblance of, wear the semblance of, carry the semblance of, have the semblance of, bear the semblance of, exhibit the semblance of, take the semblance of, take on the semblance of, assume the semblance of; look like; cut a figure, figure; present to the view; show &c. (make manifest) .

Adj. apparent, seeming, ostensible; on view.

Adv. apparently; to all seeming, to all appearance; ostensibly, seemingly, as it seems, on the face of it, prima facie [Lat.]; at the first blush, at first sight; in the eyes of; to the eye.

Phr. editio princeps [Lat.].

#449. Disappearance — N. disappearance, evanescence, eclipse, occultation. departure &c. ; exit; vanishing point; dissolving views.

V. disappear, vanish, dissolve, fade, melt away, pass, go, avaunt, evaporate, vaporize; be gone &c. adj.; leave no trace, leave 'not a rack behind'" [Tempest]; go off the stage &c. (depart) ; suffer an eclipse, undergo an eclipse; retire from sight; be lost to view, pass out of sight. lose sight of. efface &c. .

Adj. disappearing &c. v.; evanescent; missing, lost; lost to sight, lost to view; gone.

Int. vanish!, disappear!, avaunt! , get lost!, get out of here &c. (ejection) .

CLASS IV

WORDS RELATING TO THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES

DIVISION I

FORMATION OF IDEAS

SECTION I.

OPERATIONS OF INTELLECT IN GENERAL

#450. Intellect — N. intellect, mind, understanding, reason, thinking principle; rationality; cogitative faculties, cognitive faculties, discursive faculties, reasoning faculties, intellectual faculties; faculties, senses, consciousness, observation, percipience, intelligence, intellection, intuition, association of ideas, instinct, conception, judgment, wits, parts, capacity, intellectuality, genius; brains, cognitive powers, intellectual powers; wit &c. ; ability &c. (skill) ; wisdom &c. ; Vernunft [G.], Verstand [G.]. soul, spirit, ghost, inner man, heart, breast, bosom, penetralia mentis [Lat.], divina particula aurae [Lat.], heart's core; the Absolute, psyche, subliminal consciousness, supreme principle. brain, organ of thought, seat of thought; sensorium, sensory; head, headpiece; pate, noddle, noggin, skull, scull, pericranium [Med.], cerebrum, cranium, brainpan, sconce, upper story. [in computers] [Comp.] central processing unit, CPU; arithmetic and logical unit, ALU. [Science of mind] metaphysics; psychics, psychology; ideology; mental philosophy, moral philosophy; philosophy of the mind; pneumatology, phrenology; craniology [Med.], cranioscopy [Med.]. ideality, idealism; transcendentalism, spiritualism; immateriality &c. ; universal concept, universal conception. metaphysician, psychologist &c.