← Our Vanishing Wild Life: Its Extermination and Preservation

Chapter 45

Chapter XLIV

THE GREATEST NEEDS OF THE WILD-LIFE CAUSE AND THE DUTY OF THE HOUR

The fate of wild life in North America hangs to-day by three very slender threads, the names of which you will hardly guess unaided. They are Labor, Money and Publicity! The threads are slender because there is so little raw material in them.

We do not need money with which to "buy votes" or "influence," but money with which to pay workers; to publish things to arouse the American people; to sting sportsmen into action; to hire wardens; to prosecute game-hogs and buy refuges for wild life. If a sufficient amount of money for these purposes cannot be procured, then as sure as the earth continues to revolve, our wild life will pass away, forever.

This is no cause for surprise, or wonder. In this twentieth century money is essential to every great enterprise, whether it be for virtue or mischief. The enemies of wild life, and the people who support them, are very powerful. The man whose pocket or whose personal privilege is threatened by new legislation is prompted by business reasons to work against you, and spend money in protecting his interests.

Now, it happens that the men of ordinary means who have nothing personal at stake in the preservation of wild life save sentimental considerations, cannot afford to leave their business more than three or four days each year on protection affairs. Yet many times services are demanded for many days, or even weeks together, in order to accomplish results. Bad repeal bills must be fought until they are dead; and good protective bills must be supported until the breath of life is breathed into them by the executive signature.

With money in hand, good men aways can be found who will work in game protection for about one-half what they would demand in other pursuits. With the men whom, you really desire, sentiment is always a controlling factor. It is my inflexible rule, however, in asking for services, that men who give valuable time and strength to the cause shall not be allowed to take their expense money from their own pockets. Soldiers on the firing line cannot provide the sinews of war that come from the paymaster's chest!

Campaigns of publicity are matters of tremendous necessity and importance; but their successful promotion requires hundreds, or possibly thousands of dollars, for each state that is covered.

I believe that the wealthy men and women of America are the most liberal givers for the benefit of humanity that can be found in all the world. New York especially contains a great number of men who year in and year out work hard for money—in order to give it away! The depth and breadth of the philanthropic spirit in New York City is to me the most surprising of all the strange impulses that sway the inhabitants of that seething mass of mixed humanity. Every imaginable cause for the benefit of mankind,—save one,—has received, and still is receiving, millions of gift dollars.

Some enterprises for the transcendant education of the people are at this moment hopelessly wallowing in the excess of wealth that has been thrust upon them. Men are being hired at high salaries to help spend wealth in high, higher, highest education and research. It is now fashionable to bequeath millions to certain causes that do not need them in the least! In education there is a mad scramble to educate every young man to the topmost notch, often far above his probable station in life, and into tastes and wants far beyond his powers to maintain.

In all this, however, there would be no cause for regret if the wild life of our continent were not in such a grievous state. If we felt no conscience burden for those who come after us, we would not care where the millions go; but since things are as they are, it is heartbreaking to see the cause of wild-life protection actually starving, or at the best subsisting only on financial husks and crumbs, while less important causes literally flounder in surplus wealth.

This regret is intensified by the knowledge that in no other cause for the conservation of the resources most valuable to mankind will a dollar go so far, or bring back such good results, as in the preservation of wild life! The promotion of "the Bayne bill" and the enactment of the Bayne law is a fair example. That law is to-day on the statute books of the State of New York because fifty men and women promptly subscribed $5,000 to a fund formed with special reference to the expenses of the campaign for that measure; and the uplift of that victory will be felt for years to come, just as it already has been in Massachusetts.

At one time I was tempted to show the financial skeleton in the closet of wild-life protection, by inserting here a statement of the funds available to be expended by all the New York organizations during the campaign year of 1911-1912. But I cannot do it. The showing is too painful, too humiliating. From it our enemies would derive too much comfort.

Even in New York State, in view of the great interests at stake, the showing is pitiful. But what shall we say of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New Jersey, and a dozen other states where the situation is much worse? In the winter of 1912 a cry for help came to us from a neighboring state, where a terrific fight was being made by the forces of destruction against all reform measures, and in behalf of retrogression on spring shooting. The appeal said: "The situation in our legislature is the worst that it has been in years. Our enemies are very strong, well organized, and they fight us at every step. We have no funds, and we are expected to make bricks without straw! Is there not something that you can do to help us?"

There was!

Only one week previously, a good friend (who declines to be named) gave us two thousand dollars, of real money, for just such emergencies.

Within thirty-six hours an entirely new fighting force had been organized and equipped for service. Within one week, those reinforcements had made a profound impression on the defenses of the enemy, and in the end the great fight was won. Of our small campaign fund it took away over one thousand dollars; but the victory was worth it.

With money enough,—a reasonable sum,—the birds of North America, and some of the small-mammal species also, can be saved. The big game that is hunted and killed outside the game preserves, and outside of such places as New Brunswick and the Adirondacks, can not be saved—until each species is given perpetual protection. Colorado is saving a small remnant of her mountain sheep, but Montana and Wyoming are wasting theirs, because they allow killing, and the killers are ten times too numerous for the sheep. They imagine that by permitting only the killing of rams they are saving the species; but that is an absolute fallacy, and soon it will have a fatal ending.

With an endowment fund of $2,000,000 (only double the price of the two old Velasquez paintings purchased recently by a gentleman of New York!) a very good remnant of the wild life of North America could be saved.

But who will give the fund, or even a quarter of it?

Thus far, the largest sums ever given in America for the cause of wild-life protection, so far as I know personally, have been the following:

Albert Wilcox, to the National Association of Audubon Societies, $322,000

Mary Butcher Fund, to the National Association of Audubon Societies 12,000

Mrs. Russell Sage, for the purchase of Marsh Island 150,000

American Game Protective and Propagation Association, from the manufacturers of firearms and ammunition, annually 25,000

Charles Willis Ward and E.A. McIlhenny, purchase of game preserve presented to Louisiana 39,000

Mrs. Russell Sage, miscellaneous gifts to the National Audubon Society 20,000

The American Bison Society for the Montana National Herd 10,526

New York Zoological Society, total about 20,000

John E. Thayer, purchase of game preserve 5,000

Caroline Phelps Stokes Bird Fund, N.Y. Zoological Society 5,000

Boone and Crockett Fund for Preservation 5,000

A Friend in Rochester 2,500

Henry C. Frick 1,500

Samuel Thorne 1,250

Of all the above, the only endowment funds yielding an annual income are those of the National Association of Audubon Societies and the Caroline Phelps Stokes fund of $5,000 in the treasury of the Zoological Society.

A fund of $25,000 per year for five years has been guaranteed by the makers of shot-guns, rifles and ammunition, to the American Game Protective and Propagation Association. This is like a limited endowment.

In the civilized world there are citizens of many kinds; but all of them can be placed in two groups: (1) those with a sense of duty toward mankind, and who will do their duty as good citizens; and (2) those who from the cradle to the grave meanly and sordidly study their own selfish interests, who never do aught save in expectation of a quick return benefit, and who recognize no such thing as duty toward mankind at large.

Men and women of the first class are honored in life, mourned when dead, and gratefully remembered by posterity. They leave the world better than they found it, and their lives have been successful.

Men and women of the second class are merely so many pieces of animated furniture; and when they pass out the world cares no more than when old chairs are thrown upon the scrap-heap.

There are many men so selfish, so ignorant and mean of soul that even out of well-filled purses they would not give ten dollars to save the whole bird fauna of North America from annihilation. To all persons of that brand, it is useless to appeal. As soon as you find one, waste no time upon him. Get out of his neighborhood as quickly as you can, and look for help among real MEN.

The wild life of the world cannot be saved by a few persons, even though they work their hearts out in the effort. The cause needs two million more helpers; and they must be sought in Group No. 1. They are living, somewhere; but the great trouble is to find them, before it is too late.

There are times and causes in which the good citizen has no option but to render service. The most important of such causes are: the relief of suffering humanity, the conservation of the resources of nature, and the prevention of vandalism. If the American Nation had refused aid to stricken San Francisco, the callous hard-heartedness of it would have shocked the world. If the German army of 1871 had destroyed the art treasures and the libraries of Paris, it would have set the German nation back ten centuries, into the ranks of the lowest barbarians.

And yet, in America, and in the regions now being scourged by the feather trade, a wonderful FAUNA is being destroyed! It took millions of years to develop that marvelous array of wild life; and when gone it never can be replaced! Yet the Army of Destruction is sweeping it away as joyously as a hired laborer cuts down a field of corn.

That wild life can be saved! If done, it must be done by the men and women of Group No. 1. The means by which it can be saved are: Money, labor and publicity. Every man of ordinary means and intelligence can contribute either money or labor. The men on the firing line must not be expected to furnish their own food and ammunition. The Workers MUST be provided with the money that active campaign work imperatively demands! Those who cannot conveniently or successfully labor should give money to this cause; but at the same time, every good citizen should keep in touch with his lawmaking representatives, and in times of need ask for votes for whatever new laws are necessary.

With money enough to arouse the American people in certain ways, the wild life of North America (north of Mexico) can be saved. Money can secure labor and publicity, and the People will do the rest. For this campaign work I want, and must have, a permanent fund of $10,000 per annum,—cash always ready for every emergency in field work. I greatly need, and must have, immediately, an endowment Wild-Life Fund of at least $100,000, and eventually $250,000. I can no longer "pass the hat" each year. This is needed in addition to the several thousands of dollars annually being expended by the Zoological Society in this work. The Society is already doing its utmost in wild-life protection, just as it is in several other fields of activity.

Outside of New York many wealthy men will say, "Let New York do it!" That often is the way when national campaigning is to be done. In national wild-life protection work, New York is to-day bearing about nine-tenths of the burden. It is my belief that in 1912 outside of New York City less than $10,000 was raised and expended in wild-life protection save by state and national appropriations. We know that in the year mentioned New York expended $221,000 in this cause, all from private sources.

In a very short time I shall call for the $100,000 that I now must have as an endowment fund for nation-wide work, to be placed at 5-1/2 per cent interest for the $5,500 annual income that it will yield. How much of this will come from outside the State of New York? Some of it, I am sure, will come from Massachusetts and Pennsylvania; but will any of it come from Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco?

The Duty Of The Hour

I have now said my say in behalf of wild life. Surely the path of duty toward the remnant of wild life is plain enough. Will those who read this book pass along my message that the hour for a revolution has struck? Will the millions of men commanded by General Apathy now arouse, before it is too late to act?

Will the true sportsmen rise up, and do their duty, bravely and unselfishly?

Will the people with wealth to give away do their duty toward wild life and humanity, fairly and generously?

Will the zoologists awake, leave their tables in their stone palaces of peace, and come out to the firing-line?

Will the lawmakers heed the handwriting on the wall, and make laws that represent the full discharge of their duty toward wild life and humanity?

Will the editors beat the alarm-gong, early and late, in season and out of season, until the people awake?

On the answers to these questions hang the fate of the wild creatures of the world,—their preservation or their extermination.

FOOTNOTES

INDEX

[X]

Abundance of wild life, 1
Accuracy, value of, in campaigning, 262
Acklen, J. H., 252
Actinomycosis, 82, 83
Adams, Cyrus C., on the lion, 183
Adirondack State Park, 347
Adjutant, 123
Africa,
big game of, 181
game preserves in, 364, 367
rinderpest in, 83
"soon to be shot out", 206
African big game disappearing, 187
African game that needs exemption, 383
Agriculture, Department of, 208, 212
Aigrette, 120
Akeley, C. E., 186
Alabama, 42, 46, 49, 106
deer killed in, 172
laws of, 268
Alabama Game Commissioner, 252
Alaska, 46
brown bears of, 178
new laws needed in, 264
game of, 270
Sitka National Monument in, 344
Alaska—Yukon region, 157
Albatross, steamer, seals taken by, 40
Albatrosses, Laysan, 138, 140
Alberta, 45, 51, 158, 162, 165
at fault on antelope-shooting, 351
laws of parks of, 352
Alden, M.P., Percy, 135
Algonquin National Park, 351
Aliens,
game wardens killed by, 103
prohibited from owning firearms, 103
slaughter of song-birds by, 100
Altai Mountains of western China, 190
American Bison Society, 180
American Game Protective and Propagation Association, 257, 395
"American Natural History" on hawks and owls, 224, 395
American, North, Fish and Game Protective Association, 385
American private game preserves, 358
Amsterdam, 120
Animallai Hills to-day and in 1877, 188
"Animal Life in Africa," on status of settlers, 365
Animals,
predatory, 73
caught by cats, 73
wild, may become nuisances, 234
Antelope,
prong-horned, 2
attempts to transplant, 163
in Alberta, 51
in Montana, 287
in Nevada, 288
in Texas, 51
in Wyoming, 51
lumpy jaw in, 83, 84
physical weakness of, 160
present status of, 159
preserve in Montana, 2
wrong to kill, 351
Anthony bill for migratory birds, 267, 306
Antelopes, African, for the South, 242
Aphis devouring potato-tops, 213
Apple crop, losses on, 210
Aquarium, West Indian seals in, 39
Areas inhabitatcd by big game, 157
Argali, Siberian, 191
Arizona, 42, 46
new laws needed in, 270
national monuments in, 344
Arizona elk exterminated, 35
Arkansas, 42, 106
new laws needed in, 270
Army of Defense, 248, 257
Army of Destruction, 54, 59
Army worm, 221
Arnold, Craig D., 43
Ashe, T. J., 133
Asia, future of big game of, 188
Asiatic game that should be close-seasoned, 383
Askins, Charles, article in Recreation by, 107
Association in Pennsylvania fighting Game Commission, 245
Association, Wool-Growers, fighting antelope preserve, 2, 348
Astley, Hubert D., 94
Atkinson, George, 86
Atlanta Journal, 106
Audubon Societies, National Association of, 28, 254, 256, 291, 395
Auk, Great, 9, 10
Austrians in Minnesota, 49
Australia,
animal pests in, 331, 332
game preserves in, 364
Automatic and pump shot-guns, 61, 65, 144
campaign against, won in New Jersey, 289
denounced by organizations, 152
use of, prohibited by law, 152
Automobile, use of, in hunting forbidden, 60
Automobiles detrimental to wild life, 293
Avare, Game Warden Henry, 49, 159, 287
Avery, Carlos, 341
Avery Island, La., robin slaughter at, 108
Avicultural Magazine, 94
Avocet, 230

Bag insects, 213
Bag limit,
in Africa, 181, 186
a delusion, 60, 66
Alberta, 355
British Columbia, 356
Manitoba, 357
Saskatchewan, 357
Baird, Spencer F., 329
Baker, Frank, 180
Bancroft, W.F., 50
Barber, Charles, 52
Barren grounds of the Arctic regions, 157
Baynard, Oscar E., 28
Bayne law
against sale of game in New York, 68
bill, 252, 257
breeding game under, 370
genesis of, 307
Beal, F.E.L., 222
Bear,
black, in South Carolina, 150, 179
grizzly, ethics of hunting the, 176
almost gone from United States, 178
California grizzly, 41
Bears,
Alaskan brown, 178
alleged damages by, 178
grizzly, bag limit demanded on, 356
in Yellowstone Park, estimated, 336
killed by Forestry Bureau, 70
of Yellowstone Park, 313
Beard, Daniel C.
cartoon by, 55
on bird destruction, 77
Beaver in New Brunswick, 52
Bedford, Duke of, David's deer saved by, 36
Beebe, C. William, 69, 93, 115, 192
chapter written by, 195
Bell, Rudolph, 102
Bell, W.B., 44, 50
Berlin feather trade, 120
Beyer, G.E., 48
Big Horn Game Preserve, 349
Biological Survey, 388
on duck disease, 87
work of, 249
on wood-duck, 28
Biology, Elementary, by Peabody and Hunt, 376
Bird, Charles S., 343
Bird boxes distributed by J.M. Phillips, 381
Bird Day in various states, 378
Bird Refuges, National, full list of, 345
Birds,
becoming extinct in North America, 17
feeding in winter, 227
killed
by cats, 73
by dogs, 76
by foxes, 332
by mongoose, 333
by negroes, 105
by telephone wires, 77
by wild animals, 77
destruction of, in Far East, 195
extinct, 9, 15
food habits of certain, 218
extinct in North America, 7
in distress, 82
killed in New York City, 101
list of, that devour codling moth, 215
threatened with extermination, 18
Bird skins purchased in London, 116, 135
Bishop, Dr. Louis B., 98
Bison, American,
now living, 180
last of Colorado, killed, 69, 272
Yellowstone Park, 337
wild, in Yellowstone Park, 336
value of, 2
Bison herd, Wichita National, 179
Bison ranges created, 249
Bison ranges, National:
in United States, 180
in Canada, 180
Bison Society, American, 395
proposes National herd, 342
Beaman, D.C., 273
Blackbird, Crow, 222
Blackbirds,
destroy cotton-boll weevil, 217
killed as "game", 105
Black-Snake, Pilot, 81
Blair, Dr. W. Reid, 84, 85, 86
Blaubok, extinct, 35
Blauvelt, George A., 251, 281
Blesbok in Cape Colony, 185
Blinding decoy birds, 12, 97
Blooming Grove Park, 359
Bluebirds killed by cold weather, 9
Blue Mountain Forest Association, 343
Bontebok in Cape Colony, 185
Bob-White, food habits of, 219
Boone and Crockett Club, 152, 161, 256, 383, 395
Boston Society of Natural History, 390
Bowdish, B.S., 50
Boxes for birds distributed, 381
Boy Scouts of America, appeal to, 32
Bradley, Guy M., killed by a plume-hunter, 26, 27
Brazil, birds' plumage from, 122
Breeding,
ducks in captivity, 373
game and fur in captivity, 369, 374
Breeding wild animals need seclusion, 322
Brett, Lieut.-Col. L.M., animal census from, 336
Brewster, William, 24, 43, 48
Brimley, H.H. and C.S., 44, 50
Bringing back
birds and game, 313, 323
vanishing species, 322
British Columbia, 45, 51, 157, 158, 162, 165
game conditions in, 356
game preserves in, 353
British East Africa, remarkable bag "limit" in, 181, 186
Bronx River, ducks killed by pollution of, 92
Brooklyn Institute, 390
Brooks, Earle A., 51
Brown, William Harvey, at Salisbury, 184
Brown, William P., 51
Bryan, W.A., 137, 139
Buckland, James, 125, 135, 136
Buckskin Mountain, 343
Buffalo Academy of Sciences, 390
Buffalo in Cape Colony, 185
Buffalo, American,
now living, 180
see Bison
Buffalo Park, Alberta, 352
Bunting, Snow, 8, 58
killed for food, 68
Burnham, John B., 251, 252, 257, 290
portrait of, 251
Burtch, Verdi., 93
Bustard being exterminated, 119
Butcher bird, 80
Butler, A.L., 247
Butler, Amos W., 43, 47

California, 42, 47, 59, 65, 106, 165
grizzlies, 178
new laws needed in, 271
Academy of Sciences, 391
National monuments of, 344
State Game Preserve, 349
University of, 390
Call, San Francisco, 263
Calliste, Superb, 115
Camp-Fire Club of America, 152, 256, 353, 384
code of ethics of, 384
Camp-Fire Club of Detroit, 338, 385
Campion, C, 14
Camp laborers as game destroyers, 71
Canada, 45
game laws and preserves in, 350
Cape Province, South Africa, big game in, 185
Carbonell, E.T., 46
Caribou, 83
in Nova Scotia, 52
in general, status of, 173
killed for their tongues, 46, 269
Osborn, 357
slaughtered and wasted, in Quebec, 70
Caribou disease, 83
Carleton, L.T., 283
Carnegie Institute of Washington, 391
Carrick, Penn., bird day at, 379
Cartridges, estimated annual production of, 150
Cat and its victim, 76
Cats, birds destroyed by, 73, 81
Caterpillars eaten by shore-birds, 231
Caton, John Dean, 359
Cause, choice of a, 258
Cedar Bird, eaten as "game", 106
Cereals, losses on, from insects, 212
Corbin bison herd, 342
Chambers, Fred. W., 51
Chamois, slaughter of protected, in Switzerland, 321
Chapman, Arthur., 45, 50
Charles, Salem D., 253
Cheney, Henry W., 240
Chicago Academy of Sciences, 391
Chicago
as a plague-spot for sale of game, 280
devours Norway ptarmigan, 69
University of, 392
Chimpanzee, 187
China
barren of wild life, 192
raked and scraped for ducks, 69
Chinch-bug, 209, 210
Chinese now buyers of game, 198
Christian, L.T., 51
Cigarette beetle, 212
Cincinnati Zoological Gardens, 11
Clark, J.C., 50
Clark, W.A., 231
Claxton, Dr. P.P., on Tennessee robin slaughter, 107
Clergy, Italian, duty of, 103
Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co., 371
Close season law in New York, 90
Close season,
at discretion, 89
long, needed, 62
Clubs opposed to automatic guns, 153
Coccidiosus, intestinal, in ducks, 87
Cock of the Rock, 113
Codling moth, birds that devour the, 215
Cold storage of game in New York, 68
Cold storage warehouses and steamers in China, 200
Collier's Weekly, 263
Colonist, Victoria, 263
Colorado, 42, 47, 59, 71
new laws needed in, 272
game-breeding laws of, 369
national monuments of, 344
Comity between states, lack of, 266
Commission, New York Conservation, 252
Commissions, State Game, 250
Comparative Zoology, Museum of, 390
Condor, California, 21, 22, 119, 123
Conference of Powers on African wild life, 364
Congo Free State, 187
Congress, 267
acts of, for wild life, 249
creates National Bison Range, 342, 343
creates National monuments, 344
saves the starving elk, 338
Connaught National Park, 355
Connecticut, 42, 47, 59, 106
new laws needed in, 275
protects wood-duck, 28
Conrad bison herd, 342
Conrad, Charles H., 340
Corbin, Austin, 360
deer sold by, 371
Cormorant, Pallas, 9, 11
Corn and hogs, and wild life protection, 281
Corn, losses on, 208, 212
Corn-root worm, 208
Cornell University, 392
Cotton-boll weevil, 215, 216, 221
Cotton,
loss on, 210, 212, 215
rise in price of, affects birds, 110
Cougars destroyed in British Columbia, 356
Country Life in America, 372
Cox, J.D., 50
Coyotes, 53
destroyed, 79
destroyed in British Columbia, 356
Crandall, L.S., on breeding mallard duck, 373
Cranes in Alberta, 355
Crane, Whooping, 18
Crater Lake National Park, 343
Crayfishes eaten by shore-birds, 231
Credit for work done, 264
Cree Indians, 8
Crow, ducklings destroyed by, 80
Crow, F.L., robins slaughtered by, 106
Cruelty
of "aigrette" hunters, 130
of albatross killers, 141
Cuppy, W.B., deer raised by, 171
Curculio, 210
Curlew,
Eskimo, 9, 14, 228
long-billed, 18
Currituck County wild-fowl slaughter, 292, 311
Currituck Sound, N.C., 64, 134
Cuthbert Rookery, 131
Cut-worm, 209, 221

Dakota, South, National monuments of, 344
Dallas, Tex., disgraced by robin slaughter, 106
Dalton and Young, 121
Damages by deer in Vermont, 241
David's deer, 8, 35
Davis, C.B., narrative of elk slaughter, 70
Davis, Capt. M.B., 45, 50
Deadfall traps in Burma, 198
Deer,
accept protection, 313
as a food supply, 234, 242
cash value of, 241
caught in Hudson River, 82
damages to crops by, 240
danger from, 371
in New York City, 91
killed in Louisiana, 5
killed in Vermont since 1897, 240
pamphlet on raising, 371
possibilities in, 236
present status of, 173
slaughter in Montana, 287
value of, 371
black-tailed, 173
European red, 372
fallow, 372
Indian sambar, 372
red, of Europe, 372
white-tailed, breeding, 369
future of, 171
in Iowa, 171
killed in various states, 172
portrait of, 237
weights of, in Vermont, 371
Defects in the protection of western big game, 302
Defenders of wild life, 248
Delaware, 42, 47, 106
new laws needed in, 275
Denmead, Talbott, 48
Destroyers of wild life, 248
Destruction, Army of, 54, 55, 59
Detroit, Camp-Fire Club of, 338
Dike, A.C., on cats, 75
Dill, Homer R., 139, 140
Dimock, Julian A., 131
Diseases, destruction of wild life by, 82
District of Columbia, new laws needed in, 276
Ditmars, Raymond L., 81
Dix, Governor John A., 134, 252, 290
Dodo, 17, 28, 281
Dogs as destroyers of birds, 76
Doves
killed and eaten as "game", 106
killed 1909-10 in Louisiana, 5
Dowitcher, 18, 31, 228, 230
Downham, C.F., 124, 127, 129, 134
Downtrodden hunters and anglers, 204
Duck disease, 87
Duck,
Labrador, 9, 11
mallard, breeding of, in captivity, 373
Duck breeder, ducks killed by, 57
Duck Mountain Game Preserve, 354
Duck-shooting preserves, 361
Ducks,
accept protection, 317, 318
in distress from severe winter, 92
killed 1909-10 in Louisiana, 5
Dutcher fund, Mary, 395
Dutcher law against bird millinery, 115
Dutcher, William, 28, 217, 256, 291
denounces automatic guns, 151
Duties of the hour, 53, 397
Duty
of nations, states and lawmakers, 266
of zoologists, 386
Dyche, Lewis Lindsay, 43, 389

Eagle, golden,
destroys sheep and goats, 78
in British Columbia, 356
Eagles being exterminated, 118, 119
Ear-worm, 209
Eastgate, Alfred, 44, 50
Eaton, Howard, 51
Edgell, George S., 360
Egret,
American, 26
colonies in Florida, 28
preserve of E.A. McIlhenny, 26
snowy, 26
Egrets,
being exterminated, 119, 121, 122, 124, 126
slaughter of, in Venezuela, 129
young, starving on nest, 132
Eland in Cape Colony, 185
Elephant, Congo Pygmy, 187
Elephant Seals taken by C.H. Townsend, 40
Elk,
Arizona, now extinct, 34
calves killed by pumas, 78
distribution of living, 167
easily bred in captivity, 370
fed in Jackson Hole, 320
of Yellowstone Park and Jackson Hole, 337
progressive extermination of, 164
saved by Congress in 1911, 166
Seton's map of former and existing ranges, 163
slaughter on Buffalo Flats, Mont., 70
supply of elk wasted, 166
Elk Island Park, 352, 353
Elk River Game Preserve, B.C., 353
Elm beetles, 213
Elrod, Morton J., 49
Emeu, 123
Engel, C.M., on the lion, 183
Epicure and quail, 221
Espeut, W.B., 332
Estes Park, 274
Ethics of sportsmanship, 143, 144, 382, 384
Eaton's "Birds of New York", 13
Evans, Game Commissioner Kelly, 350, 351
Ewbank, E.L., 44, 50
Exempt species, lists of proposed, 383
Extermination,
African animals in line for, 187
birds threatened with, 18
defined, 8
of big game, 158
of birds for women's hats, 115
of birds of paradise, 125
of species, by states, 42
Extinct species of North American birds, 7

Falcon, perigrine, 226
Fallow deer, 372
introduced in Lambay, 328
Farmers, supineness of, 4, 279
Farming, fox, 374
Feather sales in London, 120, 121, 122
Federal migratory bird law needed, 266, 304, 305, 306
Felton, W.R., 49, 348
"Fence" for sale of stolen game, in Washington, 276
Ferry, John F., 19
Fever tick eaten by plovers, 229
Field, George W., 24, 253
Field, The American, 263
Field and Stream, 263
Figgis & Co., 121
Fines, schedule of suitable, 260
Finley, W.L., 50
Firearms,
owned by natives in India, 189
unfair, 143, 148, 149, 150
Fisher, Walter K., 137
Flamingo, American, 20
Fleming, James W., 290
Flies eaten by quail, 221
Florida, 43, 47, 105
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 276
Flycatchers, 222
destroy boll weevil, 217
Foes of wild life, 73
Food for winter birds, 227
Food habits of certain birds, 218
Food supply of deer, possible, 236
Forbes, Professor, 210
Forbush, E.H., 14
on heath hen, 24
quotation from, 75
on the Sunday gun, 153
on upland plover, 21, 31
portrait of, 251, 253
Forest and Stream, 263
Forestry Bureau, United States, 388
on predatory animals, 79
Forests,
losses on, 210, 212
National, should be game preserves, 267
of the Far East, 192
preservation of National, 338
Fox, black or "silver", 374
Fox pest in Australia, 331
Fox skins sold in London, 193
Foxes as bird destroyers, 78
Fruit, losses on, 210, 212
France,
bird plumage trade in, 117
song birds sold for food in, 98
Frazer River Game Preserve, 353
Frick, Henry C., 395
Fullerton, Samuel, 341
Fund, wild life endowment, 397
Funk Island, 11
Fur-bearing mammals killed in Louisiana, 5
Fur News Magazine, 193
Furs, degradation of fashions in, 105
Fur Seal, 249
Furs sold in London, 193

Game,
and agriculture, 234-242
as a state asset, 283
belongs to the People, 143
big, of North America, 155, 157
bill, how to draw a, 260
birds, as a mass, 3
in Yellowstone Park, 336
in Glacier Park, 340
killed in Louisiana, 5
law, how to make a new, 258
market value of, 309
dead game in New York, 311
of Africa, absurd bag limit on, 181
preserves, map of national, 339
slaughter with automatic guns, 147, 148, 149, 150
"Game Birds, Wild Fowl and Shore Birds", 253
Game-hog, 58, 244
not easily educated, 258
Game preserve, see Preserve
"Garceros", 126, 127
Gardiner, Montana, 70, 337
antelope attacked in, 91
Gaspesian F.F. and G. Preserve, 355
Geay, F., 127, 129
Geer vs. Connecticut, decision in Supreme Court, 3, 143
Geese,
killed 1909-10 in Louisiana, 5
slaughter of, by automatic guns, 148, 149, 150
Gemsbok in Cape Colony, 185
Georgia, 43, 47, 106
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 278
Gerard, W.W., 52
Gerhardt, Fred., 51
German Carp, 329
Gibb, Walter S., 340
Glacier Park, Alberta, 352, 338
game in, 340
Glenn County Club, record slaughter at, 65, 148
Globe, New York, 263
Globe-Democrat, St. Louis, 263
Goat, White Mountain, present status of, 164
Goats,
in Glacier Park, 340
killed for food, 70
mountain, killed by eagles, 78
Goding, Edward N., 253
Godwit, 231
Hudsonian, 18
Goeldi, E.A., 20
Goodnight, Charles, 50, 342
Gorilla, 187
Goshawk, 226
Grand Canyon Game Preserve, 343
Grant, General, National Park, 344
Grant, Madison, 247
portrait of, 254
game laws proposed by, 46
Grasshoppers eaten
by quail, 221
by shore-birds, 229
Gray, J.C., protector of ducks, 318
Grinnell, G.B., 256
Grinnell, Joseph, on California condor, 22
Grisol, Mayeul, 126, 129
Grizzly,
California, almost extinct, 41, 178
punishing an impudent, 314
silver-tip, in British Columbia, 178
Grosbeak, 223
Grouse
becoming extinct in
California, 47
Idaho, 47
Montana, 49
North Dakota, 50
Virginia, 51
Wisconsin, 51
Wyoming, 51
Grouse, Canada, 52
Grouse, pinnated,
diminishing in
Manitoba, 52
Illinois, 47
Indiana, 47
Iowa, 47
Kansas, 48
Missouri, 49
North Dakota, 50
Oklahoma, 50
increasing in Manitoba, 52
shot in Kansas, 245
Grouse, Prairie Sharp-Tailed, 25
Grouse, Ruffed, illegally shipped, 66, 67
Grouse, Sage, 25
in California, 47
in Idaho, 47
becoming extinct in Montana, 49
Guadaloupe Island, elephant seals on, 40
Guanaco in Patagonia, 169
Guerrillas of destruction, 63
Guessaz, O.L., 51
Gulls,
slaughtered on Laysan Island, 139
and terns saved by Audubon Societies, 320
Gunners,
two, of Kansas City, 61
who kill to the limit, 56, 58, 65
will not give up shooting "rights", 305
Guns, automatic or machine, 153
bill to prohibit use of, 153
increase in deadliness of, 145
four machine, 144
statistics of, 145, 150
swivel and punt, suppressed, 143
Gurkha soldiers destroying game, 190
Gypsy Moth, 211
cost of fighting, 330

Hagenbeck, Carl, 126
agent for, 372
Hale & Sons, 121
Halifax, Curator of Museum at, 52
Hankow, cold storage plant in, 200
Harrison, George L., experience of, 190
Hartebeest in Cape Colony, 185
Hathaway, Harry S., 45, 50
Hawaiian Islands Reservation (Laysan), 142
Hawk,
Cooper's, 80, 225
sharp-shinned, 81
pigeon, 80
duck, 80
red-shouldered, 225
red-tailed, 25
Hawk law of Pennsylvania, 223
Hawks,
being exterminated, 119
general status of, 223
Hay, loss on, 210, 212
Heath hen, 8, 48
present status of, 24
Henshaw, Henry W., pamphlet by, 216
Herald, New York, 263
Heron,
colonies under protection, 28
plumage sold in London, 121, 126
Hessian fly, 210
Hippopotami for the South, 242
Himalayan birds being exterminated, 196
Hodge, C.F., 14
Hog-and-corn area of extermination, 281
Holman. Ralph, 253
Hooper, Franklin W., 390
Hopkins, A.D., 211
Hornaday, W.T.,
bison census, 180
code of ethics written by, 384
Horse, bicolored wild, 192
Hough, Emerson, gloomy views of, 206
Howard, F.M., 221
Howard, James, 43, 48
Huffman, L.A., 49, 348
Hume, A.O., 197
Hummingbirds,
being exterminated, 120
skins sold in London, 116, 121, 124
Humphrey, J.J., 150
Humphrey, William E., 340
Hungarian partridge, 327
Hungarians, song birds killed by, 102
Hunt, Arthur E., text book by, 376
Hunter, W.D., 210
Hunting licenses in all states, 59
Hurd, Lyman E., 253

Ibis being exterminated, 118, 119
Ibis, Scarlet, 18, 20
Idaho, 43, 47, 59, 106, 165
grizzlies, 178
new laws needed in, 278
slaughter of starving elk in, 90
state game preserve, 349
Illinois, 43, 47, 59, 106
new laws needed in, 279
Impeyan pheasant not bred in captivity, 198
In-and-in breeding in wild animals, 328
Independent, New York, 263
Index-Appeal, Pittsburgh, 263
India, sasin antelope in, 82
Indiana, 43, 47, 59
new laws needed in, 280
Indianapolis assists in exterminating bird-of-paradise, 280
Indians,
and game of Alaska, 269
as game exterminators, 46
rights of, in game, 384
unjustifiable license given to, 176
Insect ravages in New South Wales, 233
Insectivorous birds killed for food in Minnesota, 49
Insects,
eaten by quail, 220
eaten by shore-birds, 229-233
losses by, 208, 212
In the Open magazine, 263
Introduced pests, 330
English sparrow, 334
fox in Australia, 332
gypsy moth, 330
mongoose, 332
pheasants, 325
rabbits in Australia and New Zealand, 331
Iowa, 43, 47, 59
new laws needed in, 280
deer in, 171
Iroquois Theatre fire, lesson of the, 280
Italian peninsula a migration route, 94
Italian population,
in Minnesota, 94
must be educated, 103
Italians,
slaughter of song birds by, 94, 102
song birds caught alive by, 97
song birds sold as food by, 98
vulture, eaten by, 101

Jabiru, 123
Jackson Hole, starving elk of, 320, 337
Jacobs, Captain of the Thetis, 139
Jacobs, J. Warren, 217
Japanese poachers on Laysan Island, 139
Jasper Park, 352, 353
Jones, C.J. ("Buffalo"), 78, 314
captures nine pumas, 343
Jordan, Arthur, 182
Journal, Minneapolis, 263
Judd, Sylvester, 220

Kadiak Island, bear slaughter proposed on, 269
Kaegebehn, Ferdinand, 35
Kaibab Plateau, catalo herd on, 343
Kalbfus, Joseph, 254, 326, 346
portrait of, 255
Kamchatka, 193
Kangaroo skins, 194
Kansas, 43, 48, 59
new laws needed in, 281
University of, 389
Kansas City gunners, 61
Kashmir, game protection in, 190
Keller, H.W., 47
Kelly, A.F., 332
Kennard, Frederic H., 340
Kentucky, 43, 106
new laws needed in, 282
robbed of game for Pittsburgh, 67
Keuka Lake, ducks in distress on, 93
Kildeer Plover, 228, 229, 230
portrait 255portrait of, 230
Killing men by "mistake", 260
Kingfisher, Belted, 113
Kite, White-Tailed, 12-23
Klamath Lakes of Oregon, 64
Kleinschmidt, Frank E., 46, 269
Kudu in Cape Colny, 185

Laborers as game-killers, 71
Labrador, 157, 355
Lacey, John F., 247
Laglaize, Leon, 126, 127, 128, 129
Lampson & Co., C.M., 193
Lark, meadow, eaten as game, 106, 222
Laurentides Park, 354
Law,
making close seasons by petition, 90
of Nature, an inexorable, 63
prohibiting firearms to aliens, 103
proposed for animal nuisances, 235
proposed for Sunday gun, 153
Lawmakers, work with, 262
Lawrence, S.C., 331
Laws,
absolutely necessary to wild life, 245
how to secure new, 387
new, needed, 265
Lawyer, George A., 290
Laysan Island, bird tragedy on, 137
League of American Sportsmen, 102, 152
Leek, S.N., 51, 320, 337
elk photographs by, 167
Lemon, Frank E., 136
Le Souef, W.H.D., 332
Lewis and Clark Club, 152, 383
Lewis & Peet., 121, 124, 126
Licenses, hunting, in all states, 59
"Life Histories of Northern Animals", 374
Lincoln, Robert Page, 49
Lion, map of disappearance of the, 183
Lobbying a duty, 250
Locusts eaten by shore-birds, 230
Lodge, Senator Henry Cabot, 338
London Chamber of Commerce, 122, 127, 136
London feather trade, 115, 117
Lord, William R., 253
Loring, J. Alden, wild birds tamed by, 314
Louisiana, 43, 48, 59, 105, 106, 108
deer killed in, 172
game in, 4
new laws needed in, 282
state game preserve, 361
state wild-fowl refuge, 349
Lumpy-jaw in antelope and sheep, 83
Lydekker, Richard, on rabbits, 331
Lynxes destroyed, 79
Lyre bird being exterminated, 118, 125

MacDougal, Dr. D.T., 46
McAtee, W.L.
on enemies of codling moth, 215
on "Our Vanishing Shore-Birds", 228-233
McBride, scout, counts game in Yellowstone Park, 336
McIlhenny, Edward A., 5, 255, 349, 395
on egret preserve, 26
on Louisiana birds, 48
robin slaughter mentioned by, 108
testimony from, on shed plumes, 129
McLean, Marshall, on codification of New York game laws, 290
McLean, Senator George P., 275
bill for migratory birds, 267, 306
Macaw,
Gosse's, 16
Guadeloupe, 16
Mackay, G.H., 14
Mail and Express, New York, 263
Maine, 43, 45, 59, 157
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 283
protects wood-duck, 28
Malayana, wild life in, 192
Mammals, wholly or nearly extinct, 34
Manitoba, 45, 52
game reserves of, 354
Map,
of game preserves in Africa, 366
of National game preserves, 336
of states prohibiting sale of game, 307
of wilderness area of North America, 156
used in campaign for Bayne law, 309
Market-gunners, 63, 64, 65
Marlatt, C.L., on losses by insects, 207, 212
Marlin Fire-Arms Co., 144, 146
Marsh Island,
a market-gunner on, 64
map of, 361
Martin, A.P., 214
Martin, Purple, 217
shot for food, 219
disappearing, 48
Maryland, 43, 48, 105, 106
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 284
Mashonaland, 186
Massachusetts, 43, 48, 59, 115, 253
deer killed in, 172
excellent laws of, 284
Fish and Game Protective Association, 385
Game Commission, 253
protects wood-duck, 28
State Board of Agriculture, 75
Megantic Club, 360
Meloy, Andrew D., 388
Merkel, Hermann W., 227
Mershon, W.B., 11, 49
Mesa Verde National Park, 344
Mexico, 169
elephant seals of, 41
Sierre Madre of, 157
Meyer, A.H., 129
Mice and rats destroyed by owls, 224
Michigan, 43, 49, 59, 157
deer killed in, 172
good laws of, 285
Migratory birds, federal protection demanded for, 266
Miles, George W., Indiana Game Commissioner, 47
Miller, Frank M., on wood-duck, 48
Miller, H.N., 49
Milliners' Association, American, 307
Millinery, bird extermination for, 115
Miners as game destroyers in Wyoming, 51
Minnesota, 43, 49, 106, 157
deer killed in, 172
National Game Preserve in, 341
new laws needed in, 285
Mississippi, 43, 105, 106, 165
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 286
Missouri, 44, 49, 59, 106
new laws needed in, 286
Mitchell, Consul Mason, and the takin, 191
Mitchell, W.I., 317
Monachus tropicalis almost extinct, 39
Monal pheasant skins, 197
Money, need for, 257, 393, 394, 397
Mongoose pest in various islands, 332
Montana, 44, 49, 59, 158
grizzlies of, 178
National Bison Range, 180
National monuments of, 344
new laws needed in, 287
state game preserves, 348, 349
Monuments, National, full list of, 344
Moody, C.S., 43, 47
Moore, John D., 290
Moose,
in Alaska, 176
increasing in New Brunswick, 52, 175
in Glacier Park, 340
in the United States, 175
season in Wyoming, 51
Mosquitoes eaten by quail, 221
Moth,
codling, 210, 214
gypsy, 211
Mt. Olympus National Monument, 340
Mulberry, Russian, as food-tree for birds, 379
Murder of wild animals, 34
Museum,
American, 388
Carnegie, 391
Field, 391
Milwaukee Public, 389
of Comparative Zoology, 390
United States National, 390
Musk-Ox, previous slaughter of, 176

Napier, Ernest, 50, 253
arouses New Jersey against machine guns, 289
portrait of, 251
Nash, C.W., 52
National Academy of Sciences, 391
National measures for wild-life protection, 266
National Museum, United States, 36, 37, 390
National organizations of New York City, 254
National Zoological Park, 391
Natives, rights of, in game, 384
Nebraska, 44, 49, 59, 106
protection for extinct game in, 287
Needs of wild-life cause, greatest, 393
Negroes, song-bird slaughter by, in the South, 108, 109, 110
Nelson, E.W., 35
Nepal, destruction of pheasants in, 196
Nets used in taking pigeons, 12, 13
Nevada, 44, 106
new laws needed in, 288
New Brunswick, 45, 152, 157
game laws of, 357
Newfoundland, 157
New Hampshire, 44, 49, 59, 157
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 288
New Jersey, 28, 44, 49, 59, 115, 253
deer killed in, 172
few new laws needed in, 288
game commissioner, 253
New Mexico, 44, 59, 106
good game laws in, 289
National monuments of, 344
New South Wales, birds destroyed in, 233
New York, 44, 49, 59, 115, 157, 165
Academy of Sciences, 391
Conservation Commission, 252
deer killed in, 172
excellent laws of, 289
nuisance law of, 235
protects wood-duck, 28
state game preserve of, 317
New York City
formerly a "fence", 68
wild deer in, 91
News, Buffalo, 263
Newspapers, value of, in campaigns, 262
New Zealand
game preserves, 368
red deer in, 327
Niagara Falls, swans swept over, 93
Nice, Margaret M., 220
Nicol, G.H., 48
Nighthawk
as insect-destroyer, 216
shot for food, 216, 218
Niobrara Bison Range, 180
Nooe, Bennet, 222
Norboe, R.M., 317
Norris, Governor Edward P., 348
North, Paul, 50
North American, Philadelphia, 263
North Carolina, 44, 50, 105, 106
deer killed in, 172
hopeless condition of, 292
private preserves in, 360
North Dakota, 44, 50, 106
new laws needed in, 293
Norton, Arthur H., 43, 48
Nova Scotia, 45, 52
game laws of, 357
Nuisances, wild animals may become, 234

Observer, Utica, 263
Ohio, 44, 50, 106
hopeless condition, 293
Oklahoma, 44, 50, 106
bison in, 341
new laws needed in, 294
new code of game laws needed, 294
Oldys, Henry,
on sale of game, 307
on value of game, 309
Olympus, Mount, 340
Ontario, 45, 52, 157
game preserves of, 351
Opposition,
to game protection
in Pennsylvania, 346
in Montana, 348
to legislation, how to meet, 263
Oregon, 44, 50, 106, 125, 165
grizzlies of, 178
Oriole, 222
destroy cotton-boll weevil, 216, 217
Orlady, Judge, decision of, 147
Ornithologist,
case of the, 57
Italian, kills song birds for food, 98
Osborn, Prof. Henry Fairfield, 128, 247, 254, 389
Otter, sea, 193
Outdoor Life magazine, 48, 74, 166, 263, 272
Outdoor World magazine, 206, 263
Outing magazine, 263
Owl,
barn, 224
great horned, 80, 225
long-eared, 224
screech, 80
Owls,
general status of, 224
horned, in British Columbia, 356

Pacific bird refuges, 339
Page wire fence, 371
Palmer, Theodore S., 248
circular on National Reserves, 345
deer statistics from, 172
game laws proposed by, 46
Olympus National Monument, 340
on antelope, 159
on laws, 387
Paradise,
birds of, being exterminated, 119, 121, 122, 124, 125
greater bird of, 113, 115, 119
Parakeet,
Carolina, 9, 16
purple Guadeloupe, 16
Parasitic infection of ducks, 86
Parents, duty of, 376
Park,
Crater Lake, 343
General Grant, 344
Laurentides, 354
Mt. Rainier, 343
Platt, 344
Sequoia, 344
Sully Hills, 344
Yosemite, 343
Parliament, British, 135
Parrot, Yellow-Winged Green, 16
Patagonia, guanaco in, 169
Peabody, James W., text book by, 377
Pearson, T. Gilbert, 28, 44, 50, 107, (portait 251), 291
Pelican Island bird sanctuary, 277
Pellett, F.C., 48
Penalties, schedule of, 2
Pennock, C.J., 47
Pennsylvania, 44, 50, 105, 115, 157, 253
aliens may not own firearms, 103
decision on automatic guns, 147
deer killed in, 172
game wardens killed, 103
new laws needed by, 295
state game preserves, 345
Penrose, Dr. C.B., 45, 50
Pests, introduced species that have become, 330
Petrel, Black-Capped, 21
Phalaropes, 229, 230
Pheasants,
being exterminated, 118, 119, 124
blood, 196
English, value of in market, 69
impeyan, 196
introduced species of, 325
not bud-eaters, 326
shipped from China to England, 200
shipped at Hankow, China, 69
Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, 391
Phillips, John M., 254
educational campaign in schools by, 378, 381
on goats killed for food, 70
Pennsylvania Game Commissioner, 345
portrait of, 255
Photographing live game, code of ethics on, 385
Pickhardt, Carl, on caribou slaughter, 69
Pierce, Ray V.,
private game preserve of, 360
sambar deer acclimatized by, 373
Pigeon,
Band-Tailed, 22, 273
Passenger, 9, 11, 12
Victoria crowned, 113
Pinchot, Gifford, 267, 341
Pinnated Grouse
disappearing, in
Kansas, 48
Nebraska, 49
Montana, 49
Minnesota, 49
Pioneer, value of game to the, 2
Pittsboro, disgrace of, by robin slaughter, 222
Pittsburgh, City
ornithologist of, 381
illegal sale of game in, 67
Plague-spots for sale of game, 279
Plant-lice in wheat, 210
Platform, Sportsman's, 384
Platt National Park, 344
Plover,
black-bellied, 228, 230
golden, 18, 31, 228, 230
upland, 20, 31
Plume-hunters, 26, 28
Post, New York Evening, 263
Posting farm lands advised, 233
Potato-bug bird, 223
Pot-hunter defined, 246
Poultry destroyed by hawks and owls, 224
Predatory wild animals, 73
Preserve, every National forest should be a game, 267
Preserve,
Alberta, 352
Angoniland, 367
Athi Plains, 367
British Columbia, 352
Budonga Forest, 367
Duck Mountain, 354
Elephant Marsh, 367
Freycinet's Peninsula, 368
Grand Canyon, 343
Hargeis, 367
Jubaland, 367
Kangaroo Island, 368
Little Barrier Island, 368
Luangwa, 368
Manitoba, 354
Mirso, 367
Nweru Marsh, 368
Ontario, 352
Pennsylvania State, 347
Riding Mountain, 354
Rustenburg, 368
Sabi-Pongola, 368
Snow Creek, 348
Spruce Woods, 354
Superior National Game, 341
Swaziland, 368
Teton, 348
Toro, 367
Turtle Mountain, 354
Wichita, 341
Wilson's Promontory, 368
Preserved game, murdering, 273, 274
Preserves,
private game, 358, 360
private and public interests in, 361
Press,
duty of Italian, 103
New York, 263
value of, in campaigns, 262
Prichard, W.H.H., on guanaco, 169
Prospectors, license given to, 176
Protection,
accepted by
antelopes, 313
bears, 313
mule deer, 313
song-birds, 314
chipmunks, 315
of shore-birds, 232
"Protected" game, sale of, forbidden, 67
Protective Association, Wild Life, 257
Prince Consort of England, 327
Prince Edward Island, 45, 52
breeding foxes on, 374
Prince, German Crown, 359
Ptarmigan, Norway, eaten in Chicago, 69
Publicity
in campaign work, 262
value of, 393
Puma as a game-destroyer, 78, 79
Pumas destroyed in British Columbia, 356
Pump guns, 144
campaign against, won in New Jersey, 289

Quagga, extinct, 35
Quail, 89, 90
food habits of, 219
portrait of, 221
protection recognized by, 316
failures in restocking with, 328
California Valley, very scarce, 47
Egyptian, 69
feeding, 89
introduced, 329
killed in 1909-10 in Louisiana, 5
killed by cats, 74
Quebec, 45, 157, 158, 354
Quetico Forest Reserve, 352

Rabbit plague, 85, 331
Rabbits, 53
killed in Louisiana, 5
introduced on Laysan Island, 142
Rangoon, pheasant plumage seized in, 198
Ranier National Park, 343
Rainey, Paul J., 177
Rats and mice destroyed by owls, 224
Reasons against sale of game, 310
Recreation Magazine, 109, 263, 318
Refuges, National bird, 345
Red deer,
introduced in New Zealand, 327
of Europe, 372
Reed, Elizabeth A., 219
Remington Arms Co., 144, 146
Renshaw, Graham, 35
Republican, Springfield, 263
Resident game-butchers, 69, 70
Rhea being exterminated, 119
Rhinoceros,
great Indian, 189
white, 186
Rhodesian fauna, 186
Rhode Island, 45, 50, 59
new laws needed in, 295
Rhytina, extinction of, 36
Rice, Jr., James H., 45
Riding Mountain Game Preserve, 354
Rifles in hands of boys, 376
Rinderpest in Africa, 83
Roberts. Mrs. Mary G., of Tasmania, 38
Robin slaughter,
in Pittsboro, N.C., 222
by Italians, 102
by negroes, 105
in eight southern states, 105
in Texas, 106
in Tennessee, 107
in Louisiana, 108
Robins,
food of, 109
killed by cats, 75, 76, 81
Robinson, Arthur, on automatic guns, 152
Roccolo, Italian, for catching birds, 95, 97
Rochester Academy of Sciences, 391
Rocky Mountain Park, 352
Rod and Gun in Canada, 66, 263, 374
Rod and Gun Club of Sheridan, Wyoming, 385
Rogers, Josiah, 340
Roosevelt, Kermit, 186
Roosevelt, Theodore, 142, 249, 341
Rose, John J., 102
Rothschild, Walter, 14, 17, 137
Rubber culture and wild life, 192, 201
Ruffed Grouse, 65, 317
Rush, Frank, 342

Sage Grouse in California, 47
Sage, Mrs. Russell, gifts by, to cause of bird protection, 395
Sale of game,
plague spots for, 279
proposed for California, 361
suppress, the, 306, 312
Salt Lake, mortality in ducks on, 87
Sambar deer, 372
Sanctuaries, demand for forest reserve, 267
Sanctuaries in India, 190
Sandhill Crane nearly extinct in Alberta, 51
Sandpipers, 229, 230
killed for food, 68
Bartramian, 20
pectoral, 18
red-breasted, 18, 31
Sandwichmen employed in London, 128
Sanford, L.C., 20
Saskatchewan, 45, 165
Sauter, Frederick, 84
Scab in Mountain Sheep, 83
"Scatter" rifle for ducks, 60, 153
Schlemmer, Max, 137
Sconce, Harvev J., 47
Scott, Thomas H., 340
Sea-lion accepts protection, 317
Seal,
California Elephant, 40
West Indian, in New York Aquarium, 39
Sea otter, 52
Seaman, Frank, phoebe birds of, 317
Sentiment in preservation of game, 244
Sequoia Park, 344
Seton, Ernest T., 19, 85
map of elk by, 163, 165
Sharp-shinned hawk, 225
Shea plumage bill, 291
Sheep,
big-horn, 71
next species to become extinct, 161
killed by pumas, 78
in Colorado, 272
present status of, 161
in Lower California, 162, 169
in Glacier Park, 340
domestic, 273
curse of cattle and game, 335
opposition from owners of, 348
Sheep-herders of Wyoming, 50
Sheep, black, lumpy-jaw in, 83, 84
Sheep owners exterminating Thylacine, 38
Shields, G.O., 58, 351
protects birds of New York City, 101
Shield's Magazine, 263
Shikar Club of London, 384
Shiras, 3rd, George, 306
Shikaree, new status of native, 188
Shooting game in preserves, 358, 359
Shore birds,
becoming extinct, in
Montana, 49
Kansas, 48
Massachusetts, 48
Michigan, 49
New York, 49
North Dakota, 50
South Carolina, 50
Texas, 50
Wisconsin, 51
general status of, 227
killed in Louisiana, 5
disappearing, 30
Shore, W.B., on elk shipments, 166
Shrike, 80
Skunk as bird destroyer, 78
Slaughter-grounds for wild fowl, 64
Slaughter,
of wild fowl in North Carolina, 311
of non-game birds in North Carolina, 292
in Tennessee, 296
of deer in Montana, 287
in Louisiana, 5
of geese in California, 148
of band-tailed pigeons, 22, 273
of protected chamois, 321
of song birds in New York City, 101
of starving elk, 90
Sloanaker, J.L., on pinnated grouse, 47
Smith, Charles L., 317
Smith, Lee H., 390
Smyth, C. H., 43, 48
Snakes as bird destroyers, 81
Snares for pheasants, 197
Snipe, Jack, portrait of, 230
Snow Creek
antelope preserve, 2
game preserve, 348
Society,
Audubon, National, see Audubon
Royal, for the Protection of Wild Birds, 127, 128, 135, 143
N.Y. Zoological, see Zoological Society
South America, 169
South Carolina, 45, 50, 105, 106
deer killed in, 172
almost hopeless condition of, 296
private preserves in, 360
South Dakota, 45, 50, 59
few laws needed by, 296
Sparrow pest, 334
Sparrows consume weed-seeds, 223
Spoonbill, Roseate, 20
Sportsman,
case of a, 57
character of true, 54, 58, 64
definition of a, 382
Sportsman's Platform, 384
Sportsman's Review, 363
Sports Afield, 263
Sprague, John F., 48
Spruce Woods Game Preserve, 354
Squirrel,
fox, extinct in New York, 44
gray, in danger, 32
red, as bird destroyer, 79
Squirrels killed in Louisiana, 5
Standard-Union, Brooklyn, 263
Stanford, Harry P., 49
on deer slaughter, 287
Staley, Walter C., 50
Star, Washington, 263
States, a roll-call of the, 263
State game preserves, 345
New York, 347
Pennsylvania, 347
Stratton, James W., 50
Stebbing, E.P., 190, 196
Stephan, S.A., agent for Carl Hagenbeck, 372
Stevens Arms Co., 144, 146
Stevenson-Hamilton, Maj. J., of the Transvaal, 177, 248
status of the settlers, 365
on Sportsman's Platform, 385
Stilt, 230
Stokes fund, Caroline Phelps, 395
Stone, Witmer, 45, 50, 391
St. Vincent Island game preserve, 360
Sully Hills National Park, 344
Sunday gun, 153
Sunken Lands of Arkansas, 271
Sun, New York, 263
Superior National Game Preserve, 341
Supreme Court decision, 3
Swan, Trumpeter, 19
Swans swept over Niagara Falls, 93
Swallows, as insect destroyers, 216, 218
Switzerland, chamois slaughter in, 322

Tagging game for sale, 370
Taming wild birds and mammals, 314
Taylor, W.P., 47
Taylor, W.J., 374
Teachers, duty of, 377
Teaching wild life protection to the young, 376
Telegraph wires, birds killed by, 77
Tener, Governor, at Carrick, Pa., 380
Tennessee, 45, 105, 106, 107, 252
a reformation needed in, 296
Game Commissioner of, 252
Tern, Common, 113
Terns and Gulls saved by Audubon people, 320
Terns
becoming extinct
in Delaware, 47
in North Carolina, 50
Teton Game Preserve, 348
Texas, 45, 50, 105, 106
insects destroyed by birds, 216
laws needed in, 297
Text-books, 377
duty of writers of, 378
Thayer John E., 24, 395
Thome, Samuel, 395
Thylacine of Australia disappearing, 38
Tibet, 190
Tilcomb, John W., 51, 240, 242
Timber in National forests not to be cut, 338
Times, New York, 263
Tinkham, H.W., 231
Tobacco pest, 212
Tomalin, Richard W., 233
Tortoises, 17
Toucan, toco, being exterminated, 118
Toumay, James W., 392
Towne, S.G., 49
Townsend, C.V.R., 371
Townsend, Charles C., on protected ducks, 318
Townsend, C.H., elephant seals taken by, 40
Tragopans, 196
Trapper uses game for bait, in Wyoming, 72
Trappers as game destroyers, 196
Trapping grizzly bears strongly opposed, 177
Traps on Burma-Chinese border, 198
Treaty, international, for protecting migratory birds, 354
Triangle Islands, seals on, 39
Tribune, New York, 263
Trogon being exterminated, 118
Trophies, purchase and sale of, 383
Trout caught near Spokane, 205
Trouvelot, Leopold, introducer of gypsy moth, 331
Truck crops, 212
Tuna Club, angling ethics of, 144
Turkey vulture
incident on Long Island, 91
eaten by Italians, 101
Turkey, Wild, in
South Carolina, 50
Texas, 50
Missouri, 49
Turner, J.P., 52
Turtle Mountain Game Preserve, 354

Union and Advertiser, 263
Union Fire-Arms Co., 144, 146
United States Government, recent work in game protection by, 249, 266
Upp, Thomas M., 81
"Useful Birds and Their Protection", 75
Utah, 45, 51, 59, 106
new laws needed in, 298
national monuments of, 344

Vancouver Island, elk on, 165
Vanishing species not always recoverable, 323
Van Kennan, E.A., 290
Venezuela,
a plume-hunter in, 129
wild birds' plumage from, 122
"Vermin" destructive to birds, 78
Vermont, 45, 51, 59, 157
deer killed in, 172
deer killed in Vermont since 1897, 240
few new laws needed in, 298
management of deer in, 240-242
protects wood-duck, 28
re-stocking, with deer, 240
Viquesnev, J.A., 51
Virginia, 45, 51, 106, 109
deer killed in, 172
many new laws needed in, 298
Vreelarid, Frederick K., 353

Wagner, George E., 51
Wallace, Dillon, 245
estimates 3,500 sheep in Colorado, 161
Wallace, John H., Jr., 46, 253, 268
on Florida laws, 277
Wapiti, 164
in Mt. Olympus National Monument, 340
(see also, Elk)
Ward, Charles Willis, 255, 349, 395
donor of bird preserve, 319
Ward, Henry L., 51, 389
seals discovered by, 39
Warden service based on merit system, 301
Wardens, game, 60
killed on duty, 103
number of salaried, 237
Ward-McIlhenny Wild Fowl Preserve, 361
Waterton Lakes Park, 352, 353
Washington, 45, 59, 165
grizzlies in, 178
a new code of laws needed in, 298
Wayne, Arthur T., 133
Weasel, 78, 317
Webber, F.T., on Colorado quail, 89
Webster, F.M., 214, 381
Webster, Frederic S., 381
Weed seeds eaten by quail, 219, 220
Weeks, J.W., bird bill of, 267, 306
Weevil, cotton-boll, 215, 216, 221
Western Districts Game and Trout Protective Association, 185
Western Field, 263
West Virginia, 45, 51
deer killed in, 172
good conditions in, 298
protects wood-duck, 28
Wharton, William P., 43, 49, 253
bison, census by, 180
Wheat, losses on, 209, 210
Whipple, James S., 250
Whitney, Caspar, 131
Whooping Crane extinct, 49
in Manitoba, 52
Wichita National Bison Herd, 178, 294
Wichita National Game Preserve, 341
Wilcox, Albert, 395
bequest from, 256
Wild fowl, 48
slaughter grounds, 64
refuge, Louisiana State, 344
Wildebeest in Cape Colony, 185
Wild Life Call, 388
"Wild Life in Australia", 332
Wild Life Protective Association, 152, 257
Wilderness area of North America, 156
game will disappear from, 163
Willet, 13, 31
Williams, A. Bryan, British Columbia game warden, 52, 178, 356
Wilson, Mrs. Minnie Moore, 16
Wilson, Alexander, on the passenger pigeon, 12
Wilson, Erasmus,
on quail feeding, 89
on Carrick's bird day, 379
Wilson, Governor Woodrow, signs bill against machine guns, 289
Wilson, James, Secretary of Agriculture, 343
Winchester Arms Co., 144, 146, 150
Wind Cave Bison Range, 180, 390
Wisconsin, 45, 51, 59, 157
deer killed in, 172
new laws needed in, 301
Woburn Park, David's deer at, 36
Wolves destroyed, 79
in British Columbia, 356
Wombat in list of fur-bearers, 193
Women promote bird slaughter, 7
Wood, George E., 49
Wood, Lieut.-Col. William, 355
Woodcock, 30, 49, 50, 51, 52
Wood-Duck, 28
eaten in seventeen States, 29
disappearing in Louisiana, 48
nesting in Zoological Park, 207
Woodpecker,
Downy, 214, 226
golden-winged, 226
hairy, 226
Woodpeckers, food of, 226
Wooley-Dod, Arthur G., 51
Wool-Growers' Association, 2
opposes game preserves, 335, 348
World, New York, 263
Worthington, C.C., 236
Wrens destroy boll weevil, 218
Wyoming, 45, 51, 59
efforts by, to feed starving elk, 166
elk case, 71
deer, 158
grizzlies, 178
laws needed, 302
succor of elk in, 337
National Monuments in, 344
State Game Preserve in, 348

Yale University, 392
Yalakom Game Preserve, British Columbia, 354
Yellowstone Park,
animals in, 336
bison herd of, 180
elk in, 165
protected animals of, 313
Yoho Park, 352
Yosemite National Park, 343
Yukon Territory, sale of game in, 357

Zebra,
Burchell's, extinct, 37
in Cape Colony, 185
Zoological Park, New York, 19
ducks killed in, 92
thylacine in, 38
wood-duck, quail and rabbits in, 315, 316
woodpeckers decreasing in, 226
Zoological Society, New York, 389, 395
gift of bison herd from, 178, 294, 341
on "extermination", 32
protects birds of New York City, 101
Zoologists, duty of American, 386

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THE AMERICAN NATURAL HISTORY

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