Volume II

PAGE

CHAPTER XXII.

MILLING MACHINERY AND MILLING TOOLS.

The Milling Machine; Advantages possessed by

The hand milling machine

Power milling machine

Universal milling machines ,

The Brown and Sharpe Universal Milling Machine, general view of

The construction of the bearings and of the head

Sectional view of head

The dividing mechanism

The index plate

Table of index holes for gear cutting

The automatic feed motion ,

Special index plate for gear cutting

The Brainard Milling Machine

The various attachments of

The rotary vise

Universal head and back centre

Universal head for gear cutting

The head for cutting spirals

The cam cutting attachment

The Lipe Universal Milling Machine

Sectional view of the Lipe machine

The feed motions of the Lipe machine

The index head of the Lipe machine

The adjustable centre rest

The Universal Milling Machine for heavy work

Construction of the driving gear and feed motion

Pratt and Whitney’s double spindle milling machine

Milling Cutters or Mills to

Cutters with spiral teeth

Table of sizes of Brown and Sharpe standard cutters

Table of standard sizes of Brainard cutters

Face cutters

Twin cutters and right and left hand cutters

Advantages and disadvantages of face cutters

Angular cutters

Right and left angular cutters

The Brown and Sharpe patent cutters

Shank cutters

The direction of the feed for shank cutters

Applications of shank cutters

Sizes of shank cutters

Fly cutters

Different methods of making fly cutters, and the advantages and defects of each method

Circular cutters, and holders for fly cutters

Matched cutters; methods of matching cutters

Gang or composite cutters; cutters with inserted teeth

Cutter Arbors

Milling to

Comparison of the advantages of end milling, face milling, and twin milling

The length of feed in face milling

Cutting grooves in cylindrical work

Angular cutters for groove cutting

The crowding of grooving cutters and how to avoid it

The direction of the feed in cutting spiral grooves

Setting angular grooving cutters

Cutting right and left hand grooves and determining the direction of the feed for the same

Fluting twist drills

Finding the angle of the cutter in cutting spiral grooves

Producing different shaped grooves with the same cutter ,

Holding work on the milling machine; milling taper work

Chucks for Milling Machines

Vertical Milling Machine

Profiling Machine ,

Grinding Machine, for milling cutters to

Fixture for grinding parallel cutters

Errors in grinding milling cutters

Grinding thin cutters

Grinding taper cutters

Fixture for grinding taper work

Fixture for taper cutters and for face cutters

The position of the emery wheel and clearance on the cutter

Grinding the teeth of spiral cutters

Positions of emery wheels in cutter grinding as affecting the strength of the cutting edges ,

CHAPTER XXIII.

EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDING MACHINERY.

Grinding Operations; Classification of

The qualifications of emery wheels

Cements used in the manufacture of emery wheels

Grades of coarseness and fineness of emery wheels

Grades of wheels and the work they are suitable for

Speeds of emery wheels

Balancing emery wheels

Emery Grinding Machines

The Sellers drill grinding machine

The construction of the drill holding chuck

Varying the drill position to suit the diameter of the drill, and thus maintain equal conditions for all diameters of drills

Errors of construction in ordinary drill grinding machines

The construction whereby the Sellers machine maintains an equal degree of clearance from end to end of the cutting edge upon all sizes of drills , ,
,

The Sellers attachment for thinning the points of large twist drills

The front rake of twist drills

Emery grinder for true surfaces

For engine guide bars

For car axle boxes

Emery grinder with traversing emery wheel

For rough work

For planing machine knives or cutters

Emery wheel swing frame for dressing large castings, &c.

Emery belt grinding machine

Presenting emery wheels to the work, or the work to the wheels

Annular emery wheels

Recessed emery wheel

The wear of emery wheels

Polishing Wheels to

The construction of

Lapping the leather on

Method of keeping them true

Charging with emery

The speed of

Polishing materials for

Brush wheels for polishing

Speed of brush wheels

Polishing materials for brush wheels for brass work

Solid leather wheels

Rag polishing wheels

Polishing materials for rag wheels

Polishing device for engravers’ steel plates

Grindstones and Tool Grinding

The various kinds of

Suitable for wood working tools

Suitable for saws or iron plates

The speeds of

The changes of pulley diameter necessary as the diameter of the stone decreases in order to maintain a nearly uniform circumferential speed of grindstone

Arrangement of, for saw plates

Hacking

Device for truing

Automatic traversing device for

Considerations that determine the position in which the work should be applied to

Oil-stones, the various kinds of

Truing oil-stones

Removing the feather edge left by

Oil-stoning edge tools

CHAPTER XXIV.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINES.

Gear Cutters—The Brainard Automatic

Plan view of the mechanism

Method of operating the cutter slide

The arrangement of the positive feed shipping motion

Arrangement and construction of the dividing mechanism

The Brainard half automatic gear cutting machine

Gear cutting engine with vertical cutter spindle

Gear planing machine

Piat’s French gear cutting machine to

CHAPTER XXV.

VISE WORK.

Definition of Vise Work

The Vise

The height of vise jaws

The wood-worker’s vise

The Stephens vise

Swivelling vises

The Prentiss vise

Leg vise with parallel motion

Various forms of vise clamps

Hammers

The effects of the speed of a hammer blow

Experiments by Robert Sabine on the duration of a blow

Machinists’ hand hammers

Shapes of hammer eyes

The proper method of putting handles in

Paning of pening hammers

The plate straightener’s and saw maker’s hammers

The principles involved in straightening plates

The dog-head hammer

The effects of hammer blows upon plates

Saw straightening and saw hammering ,

Machinist’s sledge hammer

The file cutter’s hammers

Riveter’s hammer

The cooper’s hammer

The mallet

Pening or paning

Applications of pening to straighten work or refit it

Riveting crank pins

Chisels

Forms of bar steel for chisels

The widths and thicknesses of the cutting ends of

Angles of the cutting edges of

Shapes of the cutting edges of

Chisel holders

Cape or cross-cut

Round nosed

The cow-mouthed

Curved or oil groove

The diamond point chisel

Applications of machinists’ chisels

The carpenter’s chisel

The angle of presentation of chisels

Plane Blades

The form of, necessary to produce a given shape of moulding

Finding the shape of knives, plane blades, or cutters necessary to produce given shapes upon the work to

Scale for marking out the necessary shapes of moulding knives

Instruments for

Files

Shapes of file teeth

The cut of files

Sizes and kinds of flat files

Groubet files

Rasps, the kinds and cut of

The names of files ,

Round, half-round, and three-square files

Knife files, cross files, reaper files, tumbler files

The selection of files

Putting handles on files

Instruction on holding files

Slim files

The warping of files

Using bent files

Cross filing

Draw filing

Cleaning files

Filing out round corners

Using round files

Files for soft metals

Resharpening files

The Sand Blast process

Red Marking for vise work

Hack Saw

Screw Drivers and their proper shape

Scrapers for true surfaces

Angles for the facets of scrapers

Various forms of scrapers

Reamers

The spacing of reamer teeth

Odd and even numbers of reamer teeth

Adjustable reamers

Taper reamers

Reamers for framing

Half-round reamers

Square reamers

CHAPTER XXVI.

VISE WORK (Continued).

Examples in Vise Work to

The use of chisels

File cutting

Cutting key seats

Sinking feathers in shafts

Methods of securing feathers

Filing up a double eye or knuckle joint

Filing pins

Blocks for filing pins

Hand vise

Filing bolt heads and nuts ,

Making outside calipers ,

Fitting keys

Cutting keyways by hand

Cutting out keyways by drifts

Forms of drifts

Methods of using drifts

Templates

Making male and female templates to

CHAPTER XXVII.

VISE WORK (Continued).

Examples in Vise Work to

The various form of connecting rods

Solid ended connecting rods

Clip ended connecting rod

Strap ended connecting rod

Double gibbed connecting rod

Locomotive connecting rod

Bolted connecting rod straps

Marine engine connecting rod

Tapered connecting rod ends and their advantages

Stepped connecting rod straps and their advantages

Fitting up connecting rods ,

Welding up stub ends of connecting rods

Aligning welded connecting rods

Fitting on connecting rod straps

Filing out connecting rod keyways

Fitting the keys and gibs

Fitting connecting rod brasses to their straps ,

The joint faces of connecting rod straps

Disadvantages of joints left open to take up the wear

Obviating this disadvantage

Marking the lengths of connecting rods

Fitting up a fork end connecting rod

Aligning fork end connecting rods

Repairing connecting rods

Setting connecting rod brasses together

Lining up connecting rod brasses

Adjusting the lengths of connecting rods

Setting up the keys of connecting rods

Shapes of the crowns of brasses

Fitting up a link motion

Templates for filing the link slot

Case-hardening to

Sheehan’s case-hardening process

Preparing work for

Setting work after

Fitting brasses to pillow blocks or axle-boxes

Bedding brasses

The proper shape for the patterns of brasses

Originating a True Plane

Finding which of three surfaces is the nearest to a true plane

Methods of testing the surfaces

A new process of originating surface plates

The deflection of surface plates

The Friction of Plane Surfaces

Oiling True Surfaces

CHAPTER XXVIII.

ERECTING.

Spirit-level

Plumb-level

Joints to

Filing or making joints

Ground joints

Scraped joints

Cylinder covered joints

Making a scraped joint with the studs in their places

Joints for rough surfaces

Gauze wire joints

Water joints

Joints to withstand great heat

Rubber joints

Boiler fitting joints

Easily removable joints

Rust or caulked joints; caulking tools

Thimble joints

Expansion joint

Pipes, Cocks and Plugs to

Pipe cutters

Pipe vises

Pipe tongs

Erecting pipe work

Refitting leaky cocks and plugs

Grinding cocks and-plugs

Boxes and Brasses to

Fitting brasses to their journals

Various forms of bearings and brasses or boxes

Locomotive axle boxes

Lead lined brasses

Open brasses

Lubrication to

Examples of oil cavities and oil grooves for brasses

Qualities of lubricants

Testing lubricants

Best method of using thin oils

The influence of the atmosphere on oils

Longevity of lubricants

Testing oils for salts and acids

Swiss watchmakers’ oil tests

The blotting paper oil test

Friction and Wear

Morin’s experiments on

Order of the value of metals to resist wear

White metal or babbitt metal lined boxes

Methods of babbitting boxes

The pressure on journals

Cranks

Placing at right angles ,

Engine Cylinders to

Fitting

Setting

Reboring cylinders in their places

Scraping out cylinder ends

CHAPTER XXIX.

ERECTING ENGINES AND MACHINERY.

Engine Guide Bars

Setting

The spring of

Testing

Setting by stretched lines

Heating and Knocking of Engines

The ordinary causes of ,

Aligning New Engines to

Classification of the errors in engine alignment

Testing the alignment of the crank

Showing separately the causes of beating and pounding

Methods of discovery and determining the errors of alignment

Errors of alignment in crank pins

Methods of discovering errors of crank pin alignment

Remedying errors of crank pin alignment ,

Slide Valves to

Finding the dead centre of the crank

Taking up the lost motion when setting the valve

Measuring the valve lead

Finding the dead centre with a spirit level

Setting Eccentrics on crank shafts

Setting double eccentrics by lines

Erecting the Framework of machinery ,

Repairing and Patching broken frames

Erecting an Iron Planer

Foundations for an iron planer

Fitting up and erecting a lathe

Testing Lathes

Instruments for testing lathes

Testing lathe carriages

Erecting Line Shafting to

CHAPTER XXX.

LINE SHAFTING.

Line Shafting to

Sizes of

Cold rolled shafting

Distance between bearings of line shafting

Tests of hot rolled and cold rolled shafting

Collars for shafting

Diameters of line shafting

The strength of line shafting

Speeds for shafting

Counter Shafts

Friction Clutches

Shafting Hangers

Various forms of

Open-sided

Wall hangers

Pillow Blocks for shafting

Couplings to

For line shafts

With split sleeves

Errors in

Self-adjusting

Plate

Clamp ,

For light shafting

Universal

CHAPTER XXXI.

PULLEYS.

Classification ,

Wood pulleys

Solid and split pulleys

Expansion pulleys

Self-oiling pulleys

Crowned pulleys

Fastening pulleys to their shafts

Balancing pulleys

The Transmitting Power of pulleys

Size of pulleys for countershafts

Calculating the Speeds of pulleys

CHAPTER XXXII.

LEATHER BELTING.

Hides ,

The parts of a hide used for belting

The thickness and stretch of the parts of a hide

Experiments on the strength of the parts of a hide

Single and double belts

Grain Side of Leather

Weakness of the

Why the grain side should go next to a pulley

Belts to

The length of

Belt clamp

The sag of belts

Belt connection at an angle

Guide pulleys for belts

The tension and creep of belts

Methods of joining the ends of belts

Forms of belt lacings

Covers for belt lacings

Lap joints for belts

Joining thin belts

Bevelled joints for belts

Pegged belts

Belt hooks and belt screws

Angular or V-belts

The line of motion of belts

Changing or shipping belts

Automatic belt replacer

Pull of a belt

The Sellers experiments on transmission of power to

Belt 5⁄2′′ wide by ⁄32′′ thick

Belt 2⁄4′′ wide by ⁄16′′ thick

Rawhide belt 4′′ by ⁄32′′

Double oak tanned belt 4′′ by ⁄16′′ ,

Oak tanned belt 2′′ by ⁄16′′

Coefficient of friction and velocity of slip

Torsional moment

Increase of tensions

CHAPTER XXXIII.

FORGING.

Testing Iron by bending it

Testing machines ,

Tools for Blacksmiths to

Forges ,

Chisels, &c.

Anvils

Swages ,

Spring swages

Swage blocks

Swaging ,

Examples in Welding ,

Iron ,

Steel to iron

Best method of ,

Examples in Forging to

Device for bolt forging

Forging turn buckles

Methods of bending iron

Device for bending iron ,

Forging steel forks

Forging under the hammer ,

Forging rope sockets ,

Forging wrought iron wheels for locomotives ,

Forging rudder frames ,

Welding scrap iron for large shafts

Construction of furnace for heating scrap

Forging crank shafts ,

Forging large crank shafts ,

Forging machines to

Foot-power hammer or Oliver ,

Standish’s foot-power hammer ,

Power hammers and steam hammers ,

Bradley’s cushioned hammer ,

Corr’s power hammer ,

Kingsley’s trip hammer

The drop hammer ,

Steam hammers ,

Double frame steam hammer

Double frame steam drop hammer

Double frame steam drop hammer for locomotive and car axles and truck bars

The Edgemore Iron Works’ hydraulic forging press

Dies for forging eye bars

Nail forging machine

Rolls for forming knife blades

Machine for forging threads on rods ,

Finishing machine for horseshoes ,

Circular saw for cutting hot iron

CHAPTER XXXIV.

WOOD WORKING.

Pattern Making ,

Choice and preservation of wood for

Bending Timber ,

The bending block ,

Steaming wood for bending ,

Wood Working Tools to

Planes for pattern making

Compass planes

Stanley’s iron frame block plane

Stanley’s bull-nose rabbet plane

Bailey’s patent adjustable planes

The combination plane ,

The beading bit ,

Tool for cutting material into parallel slips

The chisel and chisel handles

Firmer and paring chisels and gouges

Rip saws ,

Cross cut saw

Common gauges for marking off work

Mortise gauge

Cutting gauge

Wood Joints ,

Mortise joint

Tenon joint

Dovetail joint

Mitre joint

Half check joint

Examples of Pattern Making to

Patterns for piston gland

Construction of piston gland pattern ,

Rapping small cast gears

Casting pillow block

Pattern for pillow block

Pulley pattern ,

Building up segments for patterns ,

Getting out arms for pulleys

Making pipe patterns ,

Globe valve pattern ,

Angle valve pattern ,

Branch pipes to

CHAPTER XXXV.

WOOD WORKING MACHINERY.

Classification

Circular Saws to

Gauges for circular saws

Table of diameters

Thickness

Size of mandrel hole

Shingle saw ,

Concave saw ,

Stretching of circular saws by heat

The tension of circular saws

Causes of alteration of tension and method of discovering the same

Truth of circular saws

Various effects of circular saws heating

Truing circular saws

Sharpening the teeth of circular saws ,

The gumming, gulleting or chamfering machine

Inserted teeth of saws

Chisel teeth saws ,

Inserting teeth in circular saws ,

Swing frame saws ,

Fence for swing frame saws

Examples of work done on swing frame machine

Swing machine with fixed table

Double saw machine ,

Gauges for sawing machine

Method of employing the mitre gauge

Cropping and gauging gauge

Bevel or mitre sawing machines ,

Roll feed circular saw machine ,

Segmental circular saws

Fastening saw segments to their disks

Gang edging machines

Rack feed saw bench

Construction of the feed motion to

Fibrous packing for circular saw

Tubular Saw Machine

Cross Cutting or Gaining Machine ,

Scroll Sawing Machine

Construction of various scroll sawing machines ,

Band Sawing Machine to

Various kinds of teeth for band saws ,

Pitch of teeth for band saws

The adjustment of the saws of band saw machines ,

Filing the teeth of band saw machines

Re-sawing band saw machine ,

To regulate the tension of band saws ,

Construction of band saw guides

Various band saw machines ,

Reciprocating Cross Cutting Saw

Construction of

Horizontal Saw Frame Machine to

Construction of the saw driving mechanism

Construction of the feed motion

Construction of the saw

Planing Machines to

Buzz planer

Construction of the work table

Construction of the cutter head

Skew knives

Roll feed wood planing machine

The construction of the feed rolls

Adjustment of the feed rolls

Construction of the pressure bars

Adjustment of the roll pressure

Adjustment of the work table

The roll driving mechanism

The cutter head

Three feed roll wood planing machine ,

Pony planer

Construction of the feed mechanism

Balancing cutter heads and knives ,

Farrar planing machine ,

Planing and matching machine

Construction of the feed rolls

Construction of the upper cylinder

Construction of the lower cylinder

Construction of a matcher hanger

The timber planer ,

Construction of parts of the timber planer

How the timber planer operates ,

Panel planing and trying up machine ,

Moulding machine

Double head panel raiser and double sticker ,

Moulding cutters ,

Cutter heads and circular cutters

The Shimer head

Head for producing match board grooves ,

Jointing machine

Knives of jointing machine

Speed of cutter head or disc

Stroke jointers ,

Machine for cutting mitre joints

Moulding or friezing machines

Important points of friezing machines

Construction of moulding and friezing machines ,

Shape of cutters for moulding and friezing machine

Rotary cutters for all kinds of work, and for edge moulding and friezing machine to

Boring Machines

Fences for

Augers or bits for

Boring machines for heavy work

Mortising Machines

Tools used in mortising machines

Motion of chisel bar and auger

Construction of bed

Adjustment of carriage

Tenoning Machines ,

Construction of revolving heads ,

Tenoning machine for heavy work

Sand-papering Machines ,

Construction of sand-papering machines ,

Movements of sand-papering machine

Cylinder sand-papering machines

Self-feeding sand-papering machine

Sizes of machines

Construction of feed rolls

Finishing and roughing cylinders

Brush attachment

Double wheel sanding machines ,

CHAPTER XXXVI.

STEAM BOILERS.

Strength of Boiler Shells

Strength of Boiler Plate

Explanation of pressure in steam boilers

Boiler Joints or Seams to

Forms of rivet joints

Single riveted lap joint

Double riveted lap joint

Single riveted butt joint with straps

Double riveted butt joint with straps zigzag riveted

Triple riveted lap joint zigzag riveted

Lap joint with covering plate

Double riveted lap joint chain riveted

Double riveted butt joints with double straps

Treble riveted butt joint with double straps ,

Rules for spacing the rivets in boiler seams

Rule for finding diagonal pitch of riveted joints

High percentage joint

Rivets unevenly pitched

Rule for calculating the percentage strength of joint with unevenly pitched rivets

Strength of circumferential seams of stationary engine boilers ,

Table of additions to be made to the factor of safety for various constructions of riveted joints

Table of diameter of rivets for single riveted lap joints

Rule for making rivet and plate area equal

Table of rivet diameter and pitch for single riveted lap joints

Rule for finding the pitch for double, diagonal riveted lap joints

Example in the use of rule for diagonal pitch of rivets

Rule for finding distance V where the diagonal pitch has been found

Comparing chain with zigzag riveted joints

Interior of Boilers to

The internally fired flue boiler ,

Boiler with Field tubes

Vertical water tube boiler

Construction of field tubes

Arrangement of field tubes

Vertical boilers with external uptakes

Horizontal return tubular boiler ,

Construction of horizontal return tubular boiler ,

Various arrangements of tubes in boilers

Setting Boilers ,

Ground plan of brickwork

Setting full arch front boilers

Table of measurements for setting tubular stationary boilers with full arch front

Table of measurements for setting stationary boilers with half arch front

The Evaporative Efficiencies of Boilers to

Table of the pressure, temperature and volume of steam

Calculating the evaporation of a boiler

Care and Management of Boilers to

Examining safety valves

Water gauge glass

Gauge cocks

Lighting boiler fires

The thickness of the fire for boilers

Managing the fire

Shaking grate bars

The slice bar

The hoe

The poker

The clinker hook

The rake

The quantity of water in a boiler

Leaving the fire for the night

Leaving the safety valve for the night

Regulating the boiler feed

Dirty feed water

Defective feed pumps

Scale in boilers

Preventing the formation of scale

Feed water heaters

Low water in boilers

Priming or foaming

The known causes of priming

Wastefulness of priming

The detection of priming

To prevent or stop priming

Surface blow off cock or mechanical boiler cleaner

Blowing off a boiler

Blowing down a boiler

Washing out a boiler

Cleaning a boiler

Scaling a boiler

Examining a boiler

CHAPTER XXXVII.

STEAM ENGINES.

Engine Cylinders to

The bores of

Sizes of

Wear of

Counterbore of

Clearance in

Lubrication of

The cocks of

Relief valves of

The steam ports of

Lagging

Jacketed cylinders

Engine Pistons

The speeds of

With releasing gears

With positive valve gears

The rings of

The follower

Testing the rings of

Engine Piston Rods

Methods of securing

Packing

Glands for

Engine Cross Heads

Engine Guide Bars

Engine Connecting Rods

Connecting rod keys

Angularity of

The lengths of

Valves to

The D-valve

The point of cut off

Period of expansion of the steam

Point of release of the steam

Point of compression of the steam

Lead of

Point of admission of the steam

The lip

Exhaust lap

Steam lap

Tracing the action of

Double ported valves

The Allen valve

Webb’s patent valve

Balanced valves

Circular valves

Piston valves

Separate cut off valves

Meyer’s cut off valves

Gonzenback’s cut off valve

Eccentrics

Shifting eccentrics

The action of

The angular advance of

Designing Slide Valves

Valve Motions

Diagram for designing

Link Motion

In full gear forward

In full gear backward

The action of

Setting the valves

Governors

Fly ball or throttling

Isochronal

Dancing

Speed of

Spring adjustment of

Sawyer’s valve for

Speeder for

Starting a Slide Valve Engine

Crank position in

Examination of an Engine ,

Adjusting connecting rod brasses

Adjusting main bearing

Taking a lead

Squaring a valve

Heating, to avoid

Setting a valve

Leaky throttle valves

Freezing an engine, prevention of ,

Pumps ,

Lift and force

Plunger

Rotary

Single-acting

Double-acting

Displacement of

Principles of action of ,

Speed of

Capacity of

Air chamber of

Belt

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

THE LOCOMOTIVE.

Modern Freight Locomotive ,

General construction

Course of steam from boiler to smoke stack

Boiler feed

Position of parts for starting

Steam supply to injectors

Oil supply to slide valve and cylinder

Control of safety valve

Pop valve

Automatic air brake

Draught of fire

Sand valves

American Passenger Locomotive to

General construction

Steam reversing gear ,

Link motion in full gear forward

In mid gear

In full gear backward

Reversing gear

Changing gear of link motion

Running forward

Running backward

Special Operations

Setting the slide valves

Getting the length of eccentric rods

Setting the lead

Backward eccentric

Marking sector notches

Setting Allen valves

Special Parts to

The injector to

Westinghouse automatic air brake to

Locomotive Running to

General discussion

Getting the engine ready

Laying the fire

Banking the fire

Starting up a banked fire

Examining the engine

Oiling the engine

Starting the engine

Saving fuel

Methods of firing

Examples of trips

Accidents on the Road

Knocking out cylinder heads

Heating of piston rods

Throwing off a wheel tire

Throwing off a driving wheel

Breaking a spring

Bursted tubes

Slipping eccentrics

Hot axle boxes

Breaking a lifting link

Breaking the saddle pin

Adjusting the wedges of the axle boxes

CHAPTER XXXIX.

THE MECHANICAL POWERS.

Power

Lever

The principles of

Wheels and pulleys considered as levers ,

Power transmitted by gear wheels and pulleys combined

Horse Power

Calculating the horse power of an engine

Testing the horse power of an engine

Safety Valve Calculations

Heat

Latent heat

Water

Steam

Saturated

Superheated

Expansion of

Absolute pressure of

Weight of

Volume and pressure of

Heat

Conversion of heat into work

Joule’s equivalent

Mechanical equivalent of heat

Mariotte’s law

Radiation of heat

Conduction of heat

Convection of heat

CHAPTER XL.

THE INDICATOR.

Computations from Indicator Diagrams

Indicators

Description of

Thompson indicator

Tabor indicator

Diagrams

Admission of steam to indicator

Expansion line or curve

Exhaust line

Back pressure line

Atmospheric line

Theoretical diagram

Compression line or curve

Condensing engine diagram

Vacuum line of indicator diagram

(Barometer, construction of)

(Barometer, graduation of)

Indicator springs

Tables of springs for indicators

Attachment of indicators to an engine ,

Pantagraph motions

Expansion curve, testing of ,

Theoretical expansion curve ,

Calculations from diagrams to

Horse power ,

Area

Rule for calculating horse power

Mean effective pressure

Steam used in engines

Water consumption ,

Defective diagrams of engines

Excessive lead of engines

Theoretical compression curve of engines

CHAPTER XLI.

AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF ENGINES.

Definition

Corliss Automatic Cut-off Engine ,

Valve gear of ,

Governor of ,

Admission of steam into

Lap of valve of ,

High Speed Automatic Engines ,

Speed of

Wheel governors for ,

Straight Line Automatic Engine ,

Important details of ,

Steam Fire Engine ,

Boilers of ,

Pumps ,

Heaters for ,

CHAPTER XLII.

MARINE ENGINES.

Various Kinds of Marine Engines to

High pressure engines

Compound condensing engines ,

Triple expansion engines

Donkey engines

Trunk engines

Oscillating engines

Geared engine

Compound engine of the steamship Poplar , ,

Arrangement of Marine Engine Pumps

Boilers of Marine Engines, Arrangement of ,

Various Parts of Marine Engines, etc. to

Valve for intermediate cylinder of triple expansion engines

Link motions for triple expansion engines

Auxiliary or by-pass valve ,

Oiling apparatus ,

Surface condensers

Circulating pumps

The snifting valve

The blow-through valve

Air pumps

The air chamber

Feed escape or feed relief valve

Bilge injections for marine engines ,

Surface condensing, advantages of

Valves of the surface condensing engine

Case hardening

Link motion for marine engines

The separate expansion valve

Friction of slide valves

Double beat valves

The siphon

Steam lubricators

Marine engine valves that are worked by hand

Vacuum gauge

Condenser, to find the total pressure in the

Paddle wheels ,

Screw propeller

The thrust bearing

Marine engine, the principal parts of

Lagging marine engines

Propeller cylinders

Fuel required

Freezing of pipes

Failure of engine to start, causes of ,

Defective vacuum, causes of

Heating, causes of

Construction of a triple expansion engine to

CHAPTER XLIII.

MARINE BOILERS.

Plates for Marine Boilers

Iron

Steel

Strength of

Boiler Stays

Methods of securing

Boiler Tubes

Methods of securing

Causes of leaks

Repairing leaks

The Up-take

The Receiver

The Fittings and their Uses ,

Valves ,

Gauges ,

Cocks

Important Features and Facts ,

Boiler scale

The salinometer

Priming, the prevention of

Supplemental parts ,

The superheater

The draught

Wasting of plates

Fuel, the quantity of

To Relieve the Boiler in Case of Accident

Steel Marine Boiler

The “Martin” Boiler

Testing and Examining Boilers to

Hydraulic tests

Related to stays ,

On new and old boilers ,

Internal examinations

Preparation for

Safety valves

Bottom of the boiler

Bottom and sides of the furnace

Boxes and stays

Use of chipping hammer

Pit holes in the bottom of a furnace

Drilling through the plates

Flanges of furnaces

Deposits on the necks of stays

Man-hole door

Superheater

Proportions for grate surface

Outside examination

Cement beds for boilers

Proportions for circular tubular boilers

CHAPTER XLIV.

HARDENING AND TEMPERING.

Purposes

To resist wear

To increase elasticity

To provide a cutting edge

Manufacturer’s Temper

Blacksmith’s Temper

Color Tempering

Practical Processes to

The muffle

Warping

Rapidity of reduction of temper

Brown and Sharpe’s practice

Waltham Watch Co.’s practice

Pratt and Whitney Co.’s practice

Morse Twist Drill Co.’s practice

Outside hardening

Heating in fluxes

Monitor Sewing Machine Co.’s practice

Hardening saws

Drawing the temper

1. Lying in an open furnace

2. Stretched in a frame

3. Between dies

Stiffening saws

Tomlinson Carriage Spring Co.’s practice

Columbia Car Spring Co.’s practice

New Haven Clock Co.’s practice

APPENDIX.

Part I.—Test Questions for Engineers

Part II.—Dictionary of Workshop Terms

List of
plates
Vol. I.