Index Rerum

Adulterine castles, 56, 57, 89
Adulterinus, 56
Agger, 11, 60
Alatorium, 89
Allure, 89
Angle, dead, in fortification, 162
Angles, reduction of, in fortification, 165
Arbalast, 73;
see Cross-bow
Arx, 22, 32, 53, 65;
arcem condere, etc., 38
Attack, science and methods of, 66-79
Aula, hall or manor-house, 197, 198
Aula principalis, 56;
see Hall

Bailey, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 55, 56;
see Castles, plan of
Ballista, 16, 63, 67, 73, 74
Ballium, 40
Barbican, 215, 229, 230, 233-6, 239-41
Barmkin, 189, 229, 312, 347
Bartizan, 187, 235, 236
Base-court, 40, 96
Basse-cour, 40
Bastille, 236
Bastion, 289, 290
Battering ram, see Ram
Bayeux tapestry, 36, 38, 45, 46, A. Thompson; 36, 38, 44, 45, 46, 52, 66, 190, 192
Belfry, 72, Viollet-le-Duc; 67, 70, 71, 78
Berfredum, 67
Berm, 5, 11, 60
Bishop’s palaces, fortified, 301, 338, 341, 342
Bore, 70, Viollet-le-Duc; 61, 64, 68
Borough, 30
Bourg, 26
Bower, 192, 193
Brattice, 79, 187
Bretèche, 79, 187
Brick-work in eastern counties, 355, 358
—— tower of, at siege of Marseilles, 62
Bridges, fortified, 297, 298;
London bridge, 64;
bridges at Paris, 63
Burg, 25, 26
Burgus or burgum, 30, 41
Burh, 25;
burhs in Saxon England, map of, 31, A. Thompson; 25-27, 28-33, 35, 38, 41, 42
Byzantine military science, 59, 61, 67, 73

Cabulus, 76
Carfax, 22
Castel, 35, 37, 42
Castellum, 35, 55, 60, 66;
castellum construere, etc., 38;
castellis, vastata in, 42
Castles, dwelling-houses in, 188-211
—— in England, Norman, earthworks, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35-57;
mount-and-bailey plan, 42-47, 48-52, 55-56, 110, 113, 160, 161;
relative date of, 56, 57;
importance in warfare, 65, 66, 83-7;
stone fortifications, 47, 89-107
—— in relation to plan of walled towns, 87-89
—— plan of, with successive baileys, 162, 163, 164;
concentric, 7, 164, 264, 264-82, 304;
mount-and-bailey, see Castles in England, Norman
—— strategic position in North of England, map illustrating, 84, A. Thompson; 83-87
—— Syrian, see Crusaders
Castrum, 35, 53
Cat, 68
Catapult, 73, Viollet-le-Duc;
16, 17, 51, 67, 70, 71, 73-6;
see Ballista, Mangana, etc.
Centering of vault at Lancaster castle, 327
Cervi, 60
Chamber, great, 54, 205, 206, 207
Chapels in castles, 107-9, 209-11;
see also Keep
Châtelet, 236
Chats-châteaux, 68
Chemise, 90, 177
Churches, fortified, 315, 316
Cippi, 60, 61
Closes of cathedrals, fortified, 298, 301
“Contour” forts, 1, 2
Cortina, 89
Countervallation, wall of, 62
Coursière, 80, 82, 178
Courtine, 89
Crenellate, licences to, 298, 301, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309
Crenellations, 79
Cross-bow, 67, 73, 74, 78
Crusade, first, 66, 74;
fourth, 70
Crusaders, castles of, in Syria, 175, 176, 240, 241, 262, 263
Crusades, influence of, on military science, 59, 66, 67, 160, 163, 164, 175, 176, 262, 263

Danegeld, 33
Danes, invasions of England and France by, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 39, 63, 64, 65
Defence, science and progress of, 79-82, 161-5
Demi-lune, 215
Domesday Book, evidence with regard to early castles, 30, 37, 41, 42, 83
Domgio, 46
Donjon or dungeon, 43, 46, 47, 361, 365
Drainage of roofs, 156, 179
Drawbridge, 55
Dungeon, see Donjon
Dunio, 46

Earthworks in Britain, early, 1-10, 19;
defence of entrances, 3, 5-7;
dry-built walls, 8;
in Saxon England, 24, 25
Embrasure, 169

Fire-arms, introduction of, 58, 59, 287-90
Firmamentum, 38
Firmitas, 55
Flanking, 102, 161, 162, 164, 216-20
Fore-building, see Keep
Forum, 14, 18, 19, 22, 23
France, Gallo-Roman cities in, 22, 23
—— early castles in, 36
—— mount-and-bailey castles in, 46, 52, 53, 55
—— progress of military art in, 65
—— walled towns in, 64, 65, 250, 290, 292
Free chapels, 109

Galleries in walls of castles, 284, 285
Garde-robes, 247;
see also Keep, Mural chambers
Gatehouses of castle, early, 95-9;
later, 220-9
Gateways of Roman stations, 14, 15, 19
Geweorc, 30, 33, 63
Great chamber, see Chamber

Haia, 55
Hall of castle, 54, 55, 56, 104, 107, 190-3, 195, 197, 198, 200, 202, 205, 206
“Herring-bone” masonry, 93, 99-102
Herse, 70
Hides, raw, used to protect palisades, 62, 64, 68
Hoarding, 79, Viollet-le-Duc;
79, 80, 81, 82, 187
Hooks, grappling, 61, 71
Horn-work, 215
Hourd; see Hoarding
Hurdles, use of, in attack, 61

Italy, fortified towns in, 290, 292

Keep, gradual disappearance of, 164, 212, 215
—— cylindrical tower, 165-85;
internal arrangements, 168-72, 178, 179, 182, 183, 184
—— octagonal tower, 185
—— quatrefoil tower, 172, 185-7
—— rectangular tower, map of towers, 130, A. Thompson;
in France and Normandy, 116-8;
in England, 118-59;
evidence for date, 118-20;
early Norman towers, 120-5;
comparative measurements of towers, 125, 127-8, 131-3;
position in plan, 128-31;
external treatment, 133, 134, 137;
entrance
and forebuilding, 137-8, 141-2;
internal arrangement and cross-wall, 142, 145-6;
basement, 146, 149-50;
stairs, 146, 149;
chapels, 150, 153-4;
kitchens, 154;
wells, 154;
mural chambers and galleries, 155-6;
roof and rampart, 157, 159;
drawbacks of shape, 161-2
—— , residential use of, 53-5, 179, 188
—— shell, 113-6;
combination with rectangular tower, 129
—— wooden tower on mount, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52-5, 56, 113, 160
Kitchen in castles, 54, 193, 194, 209;
see also Keep

Lilium, 60, 61
Lists, 264
Limestone, Yorkshire, 355
Logium, 54

Machicolations, 82, 175, 223, 246
Malvoisin, 66
Mangana, mangon, mangonel, 64, 73
Mantlets, 61, 64, 68, 70, 79;
of rope, 62
Merlon, 169, 242, 245, 246
Mile-castles on Roman wall, 11, 17, 60
Mines, use of, in siege, 58, 62, 63, 68, 70, 71
Monasteries, fortified, 298, 301, 303, 304, 315
Motte, 41, 46, 54
Mount, 41, 43, 44-47, 48-53, 54
Mouse, 62, 68
Municipium, 35, 53
Munitio, 35, 53;
munitionem firmare, etc., 38
Musculus, 62

Norman conquest, castle-building after, 38, 39
Normans at court of Edward the Confessor, 37

Oppidum, 21

Palicium, 55
Palisade and stockade, use of, 5, 25, 26, 29, 32, 36, 40, 45, 46, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 73, 89
Pantry, 54
Parapets, 79, 80, 82, 102, 242, 245, 246
Parvise, 192
Pele, 229, 312
Pele-towers, 185, 219, 220, 312, 315, 316
Pele-yard, 315
Pent-houses, 62, 64, 79
Petraria, 73
Pierrière, 73
Pomerium, 292, 295
Porta decumana, 19;
praetoria, 19;
principalis, 19
Portcullis, 70, 96, 227, 229
Porte-coulis, 70
Postern, 247, 251
Praetorium, 14, 18
Promontories, early camps on, 1, 2
Propugnaculum, 89

Quincunx, 60

Ram, 69, Viollet-le-Duc; 63, 64, 68, 78, 79;
devices against, 79
Rampart-walk, 241, Viollet-le-Duc; 79, 80, 89, 102;
see also Keep
Ravelin, 215
Revetment, walls of, 186
Roman military science, 59-62, 73
—— occupation of Britain, 10-20
—— roads in Britain, 11, 12, 25
—— stations, 10, 12-20
—— wall in Northumberland and Cumberland, 11, A. Thompson (after Bruce); 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25

Saxon invasions of Britain, 21, 22
—— shore, fortresses of, 12, 22
—— towns and villages, 23, 24
Scaling, 58;
scaling-ladders, 61, 70, 71
Scorpio, 73
Shutter in embrasure, 245, Viollet-le-Duc; 242
Siegecraft, engines used in, 68-77;
see Catapult
Sieges—
of Alesia, 59-61
of Antioch, 164, 241
of Château-Gaillard, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 163, 215, 216
of Constantinople, 164
of London by Danes, 64, 65
of Marseilles, 61, 62
of Paris, 63, 64
of Le Puiset, 67, 68
Slingers, 58
Solar, solarium, 192, 193
Sow, 68
Spur at base of towers, 175, 185
Stakes used as missiles, 61
Stimuli, 61
Stockade, see Palisade

Terebra, 68
Testudo, 62, 68
Tête-du-pont, 63, 234, 326
Teutonic origin of mount-and-bailey castle, conjectural, 51
Timbrian, 29
Tortoise, 68;
see Testudo
Tower at siege of Marseilles, 62
Tower, great, see Keep
Towers on ramparts, 60, 61, 161, 162, 164;
in early Norman castles, 102-4;
see Flanking
—— on walls of Roman stations, 15-17
—— strong, survivals of keep, 269, 281, 282
Towns; Saxon settlements, 23, 24
—— walled, 228, 288, Viollet-le-Duc;
early, 64, 65;
in relation to castles, 87-89
Trebuchet, 75, 76, Viollet-le-Duc; 76
Turrets on Roman wall, 11

Urbs, 21

Vallum, 2, 5, 11, 53, 60, 61
Via praetoria, 18;
principalis, 18, 19, 23
Villa, 53
Villas in Roman Britain, 12, 21
Vinea, 62

Ward, 40
Wells in castles, 119, 124, 125, 141, 145, 146, 154, 155, 179

Printed at The Darien Press, Edinburgh