Chapter IV. Shadow Lines and Line-Shading

Section lining or cross-hatching

To represent cylindrical pieces one within the other; to represent a number of pieces one within the other

To represent pieces put together and having slots or keyways through them.

Effects of shading or cross-hatching

Lines in sectional shading or cross-hatching made to denote the material of which the piece is composed—lead, wood, steel, brass, wrought iron, cast iron

Line-shading

The shade line to indicate the shape of piece; representation of a washer

A key drawn with a shade line; shade line applied to a nut; a German pen regulated to draw lines of various breadths

Example of line-shading in perspective drawing, shown in a pipe threading stock and die

A cylindrical pin line-shaded; two cylindrical pieces that join each other; a lathe centre; a piece having a curved outline

Line-shading applied to a ball or sphere; applied to a pin in a socket shown in section

A piece of tube, where the thickness of the tube is shown; where the hollow or hole is seen, the piece shown in section; where the body is bell-mouthed and the hollow curve shown by shading

Example of line-shading to denote the relative distances of various surfaces from the eye

Line-shading to denote that the piece represented is of wood; shade-lines being regular or irregular