Biographical (part 3)

In 1859 Mr. Barnes was married to Miss Ollie N. Doty, a native of Iowa and a daughter of Lyman Doty. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have become the parents of two children: Walter S., who married Vela Burns and has two children, Mildred and Audrey; and Lottie, the wife of Elvin Galloway, of Touchet, Washington, by whom she has one child, Elaine. On March 6, 1902, Mrs. Barnes passed away, sincerely mourned by her family and her many friends.

In politics Mr. Barnes has always been a stalwart advocate of democratic principles and has given earnest support to the party. He holds membership in the Baptist church and his life has been guided by its principles. Those who know him esteem him highly, for his marked characteristics of manhood and citizenship are those which commend him to the warm regard, the confidence and the goodwill of those with whom he has been brought in contact.

ROY ROBERT CAHILL.

Well qualified for his chosen calling, Roy Robert Cahill has made for himself a creditable position among the able attorneys of Dayton. Moreover, he deserves representation in this volume as one of the native sons of Columbia county, where his birth occurred June 19, 1884. He is a son of Alph P. and Irene M. (Starr) Cahill. The father is now cashier of the Broughton National Bank and a leading and influential business man of this section of the state.

Roy Robert Cahill was educated in the public schools of Dayton, after which he attended Whitman College at Walla Walla, there winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts upon the completion of a classical course in 1909. He thus laid broad and deep the foundation upon which to build the superstructure of professional learning. After his graduation from Whitman he entered the law department of Columbia University and there won his law degree as a member of the class of 1912. Following his graduation he returned to Dayton, where he opened an office and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, which he has since followed independently.

In 1913 Mr. Cahill was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Criffield, a daughter of W. R. Criffield, of Walla Walla. He belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. &. A. M. and he gives his political allegiance to the republican party. He is widely known as a representative young business man, possessing marked ability and enterprise, and that his has been a well spent life is indicated in the fact that many of his stanchest friends are those who have known him from his boyhood to the present time.

REV. ALEXANDER WALTER SWEENEY.

After a useful and well spent life Alexander W. Sweeney passed away on the 28th of November, 1903, honored and respected by all who knew him. He was born in Savannah, Hardin county, Tennessee, January 25, 1825, but before he was five years of age accompanied his parents on their removal to Arkansas, the family locating near Fayetteville, which was then a frontier settlement with no educational advantages. Being unable to attend school he was taught the elementary branches by his father until the latter's death, which occurred in 1833 when our subject was still quite young. The father had a contract with the government to carry the United States mail and during his illness the son often took the mail.

After his father's death Alexander W. Sweeney started out to make his own way in the world and was apprenticed to a tanner, whose cruelty soon forced him to leave and seek the protection of an older brother. During the autumn of 1839 while attending a camp meeting near Fayetteville, he joined the Cumberland Presbyterian church and desirous of becoming a minister, was received under the care of the Arkansas Presbytery as a probationer when about eighteen years of age. A school of academic grade had been established in the community and Mr. Sweeney became a student there, in the meantime working for his support and doing his studying at night.

When in his nineteenth year he was licensed to preach and according to the custom of his church was put on the circuit to preach a part of each year. During a period of six months of continuous service on the circuit he received only two dollars and forty cents in money, one pair of home knit socks and had his horse shod free. For four or five years he continued to attend school as opportunity afforded while preaching and in that time made sufficient progress in his studies to enable him to enter the sophomore year in college. Accordingly he went to Princeton, Kentucky, where he attended Cumberland College until 1850, and then returned to the Arkansas Presbytery, where he was at once ordained to the ministry at the age of twenty-five years, having spent eight years in preparation for his chosen work.

Soon after his ordination Rev. Sweeney joined a company of gold hunters who with ox teams crossed the plains and arrived at a gold camp on the American river in California, August 26, 1850. The following Sunday he preached to a company of miners that collected under the shade of a live oak tree, thus beginning a ministry on the Pacific coast which lasted until his physical health failed him. In 1851 he went to the Willamette valley in Oregon and was present as a visitor at the organization of the Oregon Presbytery, November 3, 1851. For seven years he preached throughout the Willamette valley, exerting a strong moral influence wherever he went.

On the 15th of July, 1852, Rev. Sweeney was united in marriage to Miss Angeline Allen, of Marion county, Oregon, a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Benson) Allen. Of the three children born to Rev. and Mrs. Sweeney, Adelia, the eldest, died at the age of fifteen years. Those still living are Samuel B. and Mrs. Adna Sharpstein.

On account of throat trouble Mr. Sweeney and his family went to California in 1858 and remained in that state for about four years, during which time he taught school for a year and a half at Sonoma, being principal of the female department of a Presbyterian college. In 1862 he again came north, going with the gold seekers to Clearwater, Idaho, where he devoted his time to the work of the ministry and to his duties as justice of the peace. In 1867 he removed to Umatilla Landing on the Columbia river in Oregon, where he not only engaged in preaching but also taught school. There was no organized church at that place but he was paid about six hundred dollars by popular subscription, which was the best salary he had ever received for his ministerial services up to that time. For one year he served as superintendent of schools for Umatilla county.

In 1869 Mr. Sweeney returned to California, traveling by way of the Columbia river and Pacific ocean, and during his sojourn in that state taught school under supervision of the church at Collegeville, about eight miles from Stockton, in San Joaquin county for a year and a half, and on his retirement from that work returned to Oregon, spending two years at Albany. From there he came to western Washington about 1872 and did considerable missionary work among the pioneers of this region, traveling over a large territory, more than one hundred miles in extent. He started the first Presbyterian church in Walla Walla with but two members. He preached in Waitsburg, Dayton, Pomeroy and Colfax and often held services in school houses and groves throughout the country. Failing health at length caused him to retire from the active work of the ministry after thirty-five years of most faithful service. He preached occasionally up to the year 1900. His wife was a most competent help and by her good management made the sunset of his life much easier financially. His unselfish life and devotion to the work of the Master gained him the unqualified regard of all with whom he came in contact. Although now eighty-one years of age, Mrs. Sweeney is still well preserved, being strong and active and able to do considerable work, including the care of her own garden. Her intellect seems unimpaired and she appears to be much younger than she really is. She was always a faithful wife, a capable financier and a hard worker, being able to support herself and children and secure the property which kept Mr. Sweeney in comfort during his declining years.

GUY S. DEMARIS.

An excellent farm of one hundred and thirty acres pays tribute to the care and labor bestowed upon it by Guy S. Demaris, whose place is situated on section 12, township 7 north, range 37 east, in Walla Walla county. He was born November 4, 1885, on the farm where he now resides, his parents being Orlando and Mary (Lewis) Demaris, who are mentioned elsewhere in this work. His youthful days were spent under the parental roof and he early became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops, dividing his time between the acquirement of an education in the district schools, the pleasures of the playground and the work of the fields. He also had the advantage of a business course in the Empire Business College at Walla Walla and after completing his studies he worked for his brothers, Fred and David, in connection with their farming operations. In 1912 he began farming on his own account and has since given his attention to general agricultural pursuits. He took charge of the old home place of one hundred and thirty acres, which he is now cultivating, and the neat and thrifty appearance of his place indicates his careful supervision and his practical and progressive methods. The farm is divided into fields of convenient size by well kept fences, there are substantial buildings upon the land and he utilizes the latest improved machinery in carrying on the work of the fields. He annually harvests good crops and is winning success as the years go by.

On the 25th of December, 1906, Mr. Demaris was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude Tash, a daughter of Andrew J. Tash, one of the pioneers of Walla Walla county, still living on Mill creek. To this marriage were born two children but both have passed away.

In his political views Mr. Demaris is a democrat but not an office seeker. He belongs to Welcome Lodge, No. 117, I. O. O. F., of Dixie, and to Walla Walla Encampment, No. 3, and is also a member of the Uniformed Rank, Canton No. 1, of Walla Walla. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and in social circles they occupy an enviable position, many of the best homes of their section of the county extending to them warm-hearted hospitality and welcome. Their good qualities are many and in matters of friendship they are always loyal and true.

JAMES T. ALLEN, D. M. D.

Among the able practitioners of dentistry in Washington is Dr. James T. Allen, who follows his profession in Dayton, his native city. He was here born on the 26th of December, 1877, and is a representative of one of the old pioneer families established in this section of the state in 1874. His parents were Albert O. and Sarah B. (Allen) Allen, the former a native of Tennessee, while the latter was born in Oregon. The father was reared in the state of his nativity and in 1872, at the age of twenty-three years, he made his way westward, remaining for about a year in Texas and then continuing his journey toward the Pacific coast. He spent another year in San Francisco and in 1874 arrived in Dayton. Subsequently he took up his abode upon a farm six miles east of the city and in the years that followed he acquired four hundred and eighty acres of excellent land. He continued upon his farm for some time, bringing his fields under a high state of cultivation and annually gathering good crops, which brought to him a very gratifying income. At length he retired from farm work and took up his abode in Dayton, where his remaining days were passed, his death occurring in 1899. He was quite prominent in public affairs, serving as deputy sheriff under Al Weatherford and while in that capacity he assisted in the capture of a notorious band of cattle thieves that had been raiding the country around for some time. His death was occasioned by being thrown from a horse and dragged for a considerable distance while in the mountains after an outlaw. His widow is still living and makes her home with her son James.

To the public school system of Dayton, James T. Allen is indebted for his early educational training. He passed through consecutive grades to his graduation from the high school with the class of 1897 and later he became a student in Whitman College, where he spent two years. In the fall of 1899 he entered the North Pacific Dental College at Portland, Oregon, and there won his D. M. D. degree upon graduation with the class of 1902. After completing the course he opened dental offices in Waitsburg, where he practiced for two years but in 1904 returned to his native city, where he has since been in continuous and successful practice. He is recognized as one of the skilled dentists of southeastern Washington and has been accorded a very liberal patronage.

In 1906 Dr. Allen was united in marriage to Miss Zada Estelle Baldwin, of Dayton, a daughter of Daniel Baldwin, now deceased, who was one of the pioneers of Columbia county. Dr. and Mrs. Allen have one child, Grace Corinne.

Fraternally Dr. Allen is connected with Dayton Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M.; and Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. His political endorsement is given to the democratic party but he does not seek nor desire office. On November 7, 1917, Dr. Allen was honored by appointment of Governor Lister to the position of member of the State Board of Dental Examiners, a recognition which justly reflects his high professional standing. His life stands in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is not without honor save in his own country, for in the city of his birth Dr. Allen has made for himself a most creditable and enviable position in professional circles and enjoys a practice that many an older representative of the profession might well envy.

FRANK FAURE.

Frank Faure, proprietor of the McFeely Hotel in Walla Walla, has been a resident of this city since 1902 and has made for himself a creditable position in its business circles. He was born in France, August 13, 1884, a son of Jean and Marie (Grant) Faure. The father was a farmer by occupation and spent his entire life in his native country, where he and his wife reared a family of three children, Jean and Leon being now soldiers of the French army. Frank Faure acquired a common school education in France and afterward attended the Superior school of La Mure Isère. After putting aside his textbooks he sought the opportunities offered in the new world, crossing the Atlantic in 1902, when a young man of eighteen years. Making his way westward to Walla Walla, he here became engaged in the hotel business and now owns and conducts the McFeely Hotel, located at Fourth and Alder streets. He has made of this a popular hostelry, catering to high-class trade, and his business has steadily grown because of the comforts which he affords to his guests.

In 1911 Mr. Faure was united in marriage to Miss Mary Daffis and they have a daughter, Frances. In his political views Mr. Faure is a democrat. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and with the Knights of Columbus, his association with the latter organization indicating his membership in the Catholic church. For fifteen years he has resided in Walla Walla, where he has become widely and favorably known, and he has never had occasion to regret his determination to try his fortune in the new world, for he here found good business opportunities and in their utilization has worked his way steadily upward.

ALBERT E. CORBETT.

A well spent life was that of Albert E. Corbett, whose industry and integrity in business affairs won him success and the respect of his fellowmen. He possessed many sterling traits of character, so that his death was the occasion of deep and widespread regret among those with whom he was associated. He was born in the province of Ontario, Canada, December 7, 1855, and was a son of John and Jane (Lewis) Corbett.

Albert E. Corbett was reared at home and under the direction of his father learned the miller's trade. In 1889 he left his family in Ontario and came to the west, looking for an opening that would give him better opportunities to attain success and to establish a home for his wife and children. He first located in Columbia county, where he secured a position as night miller in the Touchet Flouring Mills, then owned by Henry Richardson. Two months later, however, the mill closed down for the winter and Mr. Corbett went to the coast, looking for work. Not finding suitable employment in Seattle or Tacoma, he went on to Victoria, British Columbia, where he secured a situation in a sawmill. In May of the following year he was there joined by his brother, Judson A. Corbett, who also found employment in the same mill. While working there Mr. Corbett was writing to friends in Columbia county, Washington, and learned of a chance to buy the Touchet Mills. In the fall of 1892 he made his way to Huntsville therefore, and in company with his brother, Judson A., bought the mill. They had saved about five hundred dollars each from their wages and this amount was used as the first payment on the purchase price of the mill. Within the following two years they paid off the entire indebtedness on the property, which was thus free from all encumbrance. In the spring of 1890 Mr. Corbett sent for his wife and family, who joined him in Victoria, coming to the west with his brother, Judson A.

It was in April, 1885, that Mr. Corbett was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Baker and to them were born four children, three of whom are still living, namely: Lewis, who is engaged in the automobile business in Dayton; Gertrude, who is a teacher in the schools of Dixie, Washington; and Florence, at home. The wife and mother passed away in May, 1895, and in May, 1899, Mr. Corbett was united in marriage to Miss Laura Baker, a sister of his former wife. She is a graduate of the Normal School of Ottawa, Canada, and is a woman of liberal education and of broad culture and refinement. By this marriage there were born two children, Helen and Emma, both at home.

For many years Mr. Corbett continued successfully in the milling business and as his financial resources increased he invested in property, becoming the owner of a farm in a section of land in Alberta, Canada and also acquired an interest in a farm in Ontario. Mrs. Corbett still holds both these places. His carefully managed business affairs and his judicious investments enabled him to leave his family in very comfortable circumstances. He was a member of the Woodmen of the World and also held membership in the Episcopal church, to the teachings of which he was most loyal. His wife and children also belong to the same church. In that faith Mr. Corbett passed away December 10, 1906, his death being the occasion of deep and widespread regret not only to his immediate family but also to the many friends whom he had won during the period of his residence in the northwest. Mrs. Corbett survives her husband and has proven herself a capable business woman, wisely managing the property left to her. She is widely and favorably known in this section of the state.

MRS. MARY C. NICHOLS.

Mrs. Mary C. Nichols, of Dayton, is widely and favorably known as one of the worthy pioneer women of Columbia county, where she owns valuable farm property from which she derives a gratifying annual income. She was born in Wisconsin in 1854 and is a daughter of A. C. and Oral A. (Pelton) Woodward, who were natives of Wisconsin, whence they crossed the plains to Washington in 1860, settling in Old Walla Walla county, near Dayton. They became identified with the farming interests of that locality and upon their ranch spent their remaining days. In their family were eight children, four of whom are yet living.

Their daughter, Mary C., was a little maiden of but six years when the trip was made to Washington, so that practically her entire life has been passed in the northwest. She was but sixteen years of age when in June, 1870, she gave her hand in marriage to Isaac Wallace Monnett, a native of Ohio, who came to Washington in 1869 and settled on a farm ten miles southeast of Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Monnett became the parents of three children: Oral, who is the wife of Grant Lowe; Elizabeth, who has departed this life; and A. A. Monnett, who is a hardware and implement merchant of Dayton. The husband and father passed away in 1876 and for nine years Mrs. Monnett remained a widow. In 1885 she became the wife of F. J. Nichols and to them have been born four daughters: Minnie, who is the wife of C. C. Kifer, of California; Grace, who is a graduate of the Walla Walla high school and is at home; Mary L., who is the wife of J. B. Thompson; and Hazel E., the wife of C. E. McQuary.

Mrs. Nichols still owns what is known as the old Monnett homestead of five hundred and sixty acres, all of which is fine wheat land. It is a valuable property from which she derives a gratifying annual income. She also owns an attractive residence in the city of Dayton and she is numbered among the worthy pioneer women of this section of the state. For fifty-seven years she has lived in Washington and has therefore witnessed the greater part of the growth and development of the commonwealth. Events which to others are matters of history are to her matters of personal knowledge and she can relate many interesting incidents of the early days when the great stretches of land were unclaimed and uncultivated, when forests were uncut, when rivers were unbridged and when the work of progress seemed dim and distant in the future. The most farsighted at that time could not have dreamed of the wonderful changes which were to occur and transform southeastern Washington into a well settled and populous district in which are to be found all of the advantages and all and more of the opportunities of the older east. Mrs. Nichols is a member of the Congregational church and her many excellent traits of character have gained for her respect and popularity among her many friends.

L. L. HUNT.

L. L. Hunt is familiar with the methods of Indian warfare in the northwest, as he early became connected with the army in this section of the state. Since then he has been active in business along various lines and step by step has progressed until he is now in possession of a handsome competence that enables him to live retired. He makes his home in College Place, Walla Walla county, and has important farming interests on section 36, township 7 north, range 35 east. His career in many respects has been an eventful one. The width of the continent separates him from his birthplace, for he is a native of Maine. He was born on the 2d of August, 1855, his parents being George and Mary Ann (Prescott) Hunt, both of whom were representatives of old families that sent forth soldiers to the Revolutionary war. Both the father and mother spent their entire lives in the Pine Tree state.

L. L. Hunt was reared under the parental roof until he reached the age of sixteen years, when he left home and went to Boston, Massachusetts, where for four years he was engaged in railroading. The opportunities of the west, however, attracted him and he left New England, making his way to Nevada. Locating in Carson City, for more than a year he there worked in the timber region, and in 1876 he went to San Joaquin county, California, where he engaged in driving a team during the following winter. In 1877 he came to Walla Walla, where he worked for the government during the Joseph Indian war, driving a team used for transportation of supplies. A year later he became identified with Joe Woodworth in the operation of the old Cayuse stables in Walla Walla. He was connected with the conduct of this business for about three years and then turned his attention to farming on the Eureka Flats, becoming one of the large operators on the flats. He homesteaded, preempted and also took up a timber claim and he likewise purchased railroad land, owning at one time seven quarter sections. He farmed altogether seventeen hundred acres of rented land and he remained on the flats for about twelve years. He next removed to Walla Walla but after a year took up his abode at College Place, where he engaged in gardening. Subsequently he organized the L. L. Hunt Fruit & Produce Shipping Company and built up the business to extensive proportions, his interests becoming one of the chief industries of this section. He managed his affairs wisely and well and prosperity resulted. He now has retired from active business life and is enjoying a rest which he has truly earned and richly merits.

In 1888 Mr. Hunt returned to Boston for his bride and was there married on the 21st of October of that year to Miss Olivia Crosby. She was born in Nova Scotia and came to the United States at the age of sixteen years, her parents continuing in Nova Scotia, where they passed away. Mr. Hunt brought his bride to the west and they have since been widely and favorably known in this section of the state. They are consistent members of the Presbyterian church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest, and Mr. Hunt is now serving as one of the elders of the church. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and while living on the Flats he served for two years as postmaster. He also belongs to Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Pioneers Association and are honored as among the early settlers who have contributed in marked measure to the upbuilding and progress of this section of the country. Mr. Hunt has led a most busy, active and useful life. From the time when he became connected with a military post on the frontier he has done everything in his power to further the interests and development of this section of the country and his business affairs, too, have been of a character that have contributed to public progress and improvement as well as to personal success. His memory compasses the period when the majority of homes in this section of the state were little cabins, when few roads had been laid out, when the forests were uncut and the streams unbridged. He has lived to witness many changes since those days and in the work of transformation has borne his full share.

GEORGE F. PRICE.

George F. Price is actively identified with farming interests in Columbia county, while making his home in Dayton. He is one of the native sons of the county, his birth having occurred within its borders January 7, 1874. His parents were Alexander and Clarinda J. (Anderson) Price, who are mentioned elsewhere in this work. He spent his youthful days under the parental roof and mastered the branches of learning taught in the district schools, supplementing his early education by a commercial course in the Empire Business College at Walla Walla. He also attended the Gem City Business College at Quincy, Illinois, and when his studies were completed he became the active assistant of his father in farming enterprises. This association was maintained until the father's death, after which George F. Price operated the lands that constituted the family estate for several years. He is the owner of six hundred and forty acres of rich and valuable land and, also cultivating other tracts, is now successfully engaged in farming three thousand acres. This places him among the principal agriculturists of the county and in managing his business affairs he displays sound judgment, unremitting industry and notable perseverance. His record is therefore one crowned with success.

In 1903 Mr. Price was united in marriage to Miss L. Minerva Guernsey, a daughter of Dennis C. Guernsey, who took up his abode among the pioneer settlers of Columbia county and now resides in Starbuck. Mr. and Mrs. Price have two children, Dennis Alexander and Elizabeth Jane.

In his fraternal relations Mr. Price is a Knight of Pythias, belonging to Dayton Lodge, No. 3. His political endorsement is given to the democratic party and he is serving at the present time as a member of the city council and also as a member of the Dayton school board. He is much interested in everything that pertains to the public welfare and cooperates heartily in those measures and movements which are a matter of civic virtue and of civic pride. His wife is a member of the Congregational church and their influence is always felt on the side of reform and improvement. It is as a business man, however, that Mr. Price is perhaps best known and aside from controlling mammoth agricultural interests he is a director of the Columbia National Bank and a director of the Edwards-Hindle Company, which controls the leading mercantile establishment of Dayton. The call of opportunity is ever to him a call to action and one to which he readily responds. His power has grown through the exercise of effort. He has readily adapted himself to changing conditions in the business world and as he has progressed step by step he has gained a broader outlook and wider opportunities.

CONRAD HENRY KASEBERG.

Conrad Henry Kaseberg, a well known retired wagon maker residing in Walla Walla, was born in Germany, March 10, 1834, a son of Johannes and Mary Christina (Rumpf) Kaseberg, also natives of Germany, where they passed their entire lives.

Conrad Henry Kaseberg passed his boyhood and youth in his native country and there received his education. In 1857, when a young man, he crossed the Atlantic on a sailing vessel which docked at Baltimore, Maryland. From that city he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, whence, after a few weeks, he removed to Weston, Missouri, where his brother lived, and some three months later he went to St. Joseph, Missouri, where he remained from October, 1857, to June, 1859. The following two years were spent in St. Louis, after which he went to California. In 1867 he left the Golden state and returned to St. Louis, where he was married and where he continued to live until 1871, his business being across the river in Venice, Illinois. It was in that year that he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and purchased the home where he still lives in the city of Walla Walla. He worked at the wagon maker's trade, which he had learned in Germany, having a shop at Second and Alder streets, until 1887, and he then bought seven hundred acres of fine wheat land on Dry creek, eleven miles out of Walla Walla, which he operated for a time and which he still owns, deriving a gratifying income from its rental. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Savings Bank.

Mr. Kaseberg was married on Christmas day, 1867, to Miss Augusta D. Timmermeister, also a native of Germany, and they became the parents of one child, who, however, died in infancy. Mrs. Kaseberg passed away in February, 1912, and was laid to rest in the Mountain View cemetery. She was an active member of the Lutheran church and her life was that of a devout Christian.

Mr. Kaseberg also belongs to that church and has never failed to give both his moral and financial support to its work. Fraternally he is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge of Walla Walla. He is a republican in politics but his interest in public affairs is only that of a loyal citizen, though he served one year on the city council. He is a self-made man, having come to this country empty-handed, but through the opportunities here offered and his industry and good management he has gained financial independence. He has reached an advanced age but is still keen of mind and active of body and is accorded the honor due those who have behind them the record of a long and honorable life.

JOHN A. LANE.

John A. Lane, concentrating his efforts and attention upon general agricultural pursuits, cultivating eleven hundred acres of land, makes his home on section 24, township 8 north, range 36 east, in Walla Walla county. Almost the width of the continent separates him from the place of his birth, which was in Cameron county, Pennsylvania. He was born September 28, 1878, a son of Joseph and Mary (Berfield) Lane, both of whom were natives of the Keystone state. The father was born in Philadelphia, where his youth was spent. His father died when the son was a lad in his teens and the burden of the support of the family fell upon his shoulders. He bravely met the task and throughout his entire life displayed the same spirit of resolution and energy. He continued his residence in his native state until 1880, when he came west to Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up his abode upon a farm near the present home of his son John. He purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land and as his financial resources increased kept adding to his holdings until his landed possessions aggregated three hundred and forty-six acres. He continued to give his undivided time and attention to his farming interests until death called him on the 10th of September, 1905. His widow is still living and now resides with a daughter in Walla Walla.

John A. Lane was educated in the district schools and in the Waitsburg Academy, which he attended through the winter months, while the summer seasons were devoted to farm work. Upon the completion of his education he began farming on his own account, renting a tract of three hundred and twenty acres of land in the township where he still resides. He cultivated that place for three years and then took up a homestead in what was Yakima county, now Benton county. This he improved and cultivated for five years and he still owns that place. In 1907, however, he returned to the old homestead farm, which is owned conjointly by himself and his mother. He cultivates this place of three hundred and forty-six acres and rents adjoining land, operating altogether eleven hundred acres. He has thus come to rank with the leading and extensive farmers of his section of the state and his business affairs are carefully managed and conducted.

On October 16, 1898, Mr. Lane was united in marriage to Miss Nora P. Smith, a daughter of Mrs. Charles Ellis, of Dixie. Her father died during her infancy and her mother afterward married again. To Mr. and Mrs. Lane have been born three children of whom two are living, Dorothy M., who is attending the Walla Walla high school, and John A., Jr.

In his political views Mr. Lane maintains an independent attitude, voting for men and measures in preference to party dictation. He is now serving on the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen and his wife and daughter hold memberships in the Christian church. The members of the family are highly esteemed in the part of the county where they reside and have a circle of friends almost coextensive with their circle of acquaintances.

JESSE DRUMHELLER.

Jesse Drumheller, deceased, an honored pioneer of the west of 1852, was during the remainder of his life a prominent factor in the advancement of the business interests and development of this section of the country. Widely known, his life history cannot fail to prove of interest to the many friends who still cherish his memory, and it is therefore with pleasure that we present this record of his career to our readers. His birth occurred in Tennessee in 1835. There the first eight years of his life were passed, after which he accompanied his parents on their removal to Missouri, the family home being established near Springfield, where he remained until 1851. He then located near Savannah, Missouri, where he remained for a year, and in 1852 he heard and heeded the call of the west. He started out across the plains with ox teams for Washington and located in Cowlitz county, where he turned his attention to the lumber business. Soon afterward he removed to California, where for several years he engaged in mining, and in 1855 he became a resident of Oregon. There he joined the Oregon Volunteers for service in the Indian war and was sent to Walla Walla. During the eleven months in which he was a part of that command he participated in several severe engagements with the red men and aided in winning the victory which crowned the arms of the white troops. After the cessation of hostilities he entered the employ of the United States government and assisted in building the government posts at The Dalles, at Walla Walla, at Colville and at Simcoe. His activities thus became an important factor in the development of this section of the country. In 1859 he took up his abode on land two miles south of Walla Walla and turned his attention to stock raising and general farming, a business which he followed until about 1900. In this he prospered and from time to time added to his holdings until his landed possessions aggregated nearly six thousand acres. He thus carried on farming most extensively and in 1899 his crop of wheat amounted to about sixty-five thousand bushels. He followed the most progressive methods in the development of his land and stood at all times as one of the most enterprising and representative farmers of the northwest. He also carried on stock raising with success and his diligence and determination brought him prominently to the front in connection with the line of his chosen occupation.

On the 8th of October, 1863, in Walla Walla, Mr. Drumheller was united in marriage to Miss Martha A. Maxson, a pioneer of 1859. They became the parents of five sons: Samuel, of Calgary, Alberta; Oscar; George, a stock-raiser of Walla Walla; Thomas J., who is engaged in the hardware business with his older brother, Oscar, they being members of the well known firm of Drumheller & Company, dealers in hardware, furniture and crockery; and R. M., collector of customs at Seattle.

Jesse Drumheller was a member of the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in the lodge and in the chapter. His death occurred on December 2, 1907. He stood in the front rank among those who have planted civilization in the northwest and was particularly active in the growth of Walla Walla county, where for many years he made his home, and his labors were of a nature that contributed in marked measure to the substantial and moral development and upbuilding of this section of the country. He was a progressive business man, wide-awake, alert and energetic, and carried forward to successful completion whatever he undertook. While his business interests became very extensive and important, he always found time to cooperate in plans and measures for the public good and was a most loyal and devoted citizen from the time when he aided in subduing the Indian uprising, through the period of later development and progress up to the time when death called him to the home beyond.

OLE HANNAS.

Ole Hannas, who resides on section 31, township 14, range 43, owns ten hundred and sixteen acres of Garfield county's valuable wheat and pasture lands and enjoys an enviable reputation as a successful and representative agriculturist. His present prosperity is entirely attributable to his own efforts, for he came to this state empty-handed about three decades ago. His birth occurred in Norway on the 9th of September, 1866, his parents being Ole and Anna (Kittelsaa) Hannas. The father passed away in that country in 1915, but the mother survives and yet makes her home in Norway.

Ole Hannas received a thorough common school education in his native country and there spent his youth. When twenty-one years of age he crossed the Atlantic to the new world, desiring to test the truth of the many favorable reports which had reached him concerning the opportunities and advantages to be enjoyed in America. After residing for one year in Minnesota he came west to Washington in the fall of 1888 and spent the succeeding winter and spring in Tacoma. In June, 1889, he made his way to Walla Walla and in the following October took up his abode in Garfield county. Having no money to invest in land, he secured employment as a farm hand. At the end of five years, in 1894, having saved his earnings, he began farming for himself on a small scale as a renter. Prosperity attended his efforts and about 1902 he purchased a half interest in five hundred and eighty acres of land where he now resides. From that time his success has been sure and rapid and today his holdings embrace ten hundred and sixteen acres of valuable wheat and pasture land in Garfield county, so that he has become one of the most extensive agriculturists and substantial citizens of the community.

On the 5th of April, 1905, Mr. Hannas was united in marriage to Miss Guri Tveit, crossing over to Norway for his bride, of which country she is a native. They have two children, Orle and John. Mr. Hannas gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is serving as a member of the school board, the cause of education finding in him a stalwart champion. Fraternally he is identified with the Woodmen of the World, while in religious faith both he and his wife are Lutherans. They have won an extensive circle of warm friends throughout the community, being recognized as people of genuine worth whose aid and influence are given on the side of right, progress, reform and improvement.

JAMES B. WARREN.

James B. Warren became the owner of a valuable tract of land on section 4, township 10 north, range 42 east, Garfield county, and also held title to other land, his holdings comprising fourteen hundred acres at the time of his death. He was widely known and his demise was the occasion of much sincere grief. He was born in Franklin county, Tennessee, January 9, 1853, and was a son of Stewart and Louisa (Walker) Warren, both also natives of that state. There the father passed away and later the mother removed with her family to Missouri, where her death occurred in 1875. All of the six children in the family have likewise passed away.

James B. Warren received a common school education and remained with his mother until her death. In 1875 he went to California but only remained there for two years, settling in Polk county, Oregon, at the end of that period. The following year, however, he became a resident of Dayton, Columbia county, Washington, and in 1882 he purchased the farm on which his widow still resides. It comprises eight hundred acres and the buildings are located on section 4, township 10 north, range 42 east. From the operation of that place he derived such a gratifying profit that he was able to add to his holdings and became the owner of fourteen hundred acres, all of which is now in the possession of his widow. He was likewise a stockholder in the Pomeroy Mercantile Company at Pomeroy. He was a keen business man and, adding to this industry, sound judgment and a ready recognition of opportunities, it was but natural that he should gain a signal measure of success.

Mr. Warren was married in 1882 to Miss Marietta McCanse, who was born in Missouri, a daughter of Andrew G. and Margaret E. (Williams) McCanse, both natives of Tennessee, who, however, became early settlers of Lawrence county, Missouri. In 1876 the McCanse family removed to Oregon, but a year later located four and a half miles northeast of Pomeroy, Washington. Subsequently the parents returned to Missouri, where Mrs. McCanse died in 1907, her husband passing away September 8, 1909. Only three of their six children survive.

Mr. Warren was called to his final rest April 17, 1913, and his body was interred in the Chappele cemetery. He was a member of the Knights of Pythias and its teachings concerning the brotherhood of man found exemplification in his daily life. He took the interest of a good citizen in public affairs, although not an office seeker, and his ballot was cast in support of the republican party. He was for a third of a century a resident of Garfield county and during that time had a part in bringing about its development. His acquaintance was unusually wide and his friends were many. Mrs. Warren has retained her residence on the homestead and gives her personal supervision to its operation. The land is fertile, the improvements are modern, and she derives a handsome income from the place.

REV. A. R. OLDS.

Rev. A. R. Olds is superintendent of the Walla Walla County Poor Farm, situated on section 36, township 7 north, range 35 east in that county. He devoted many years of his life to the work of the ministry and then ill health obliged him to discontinue his labors in that connection. He is now making a most excellent record not only as superintendent of the Poor Farm in his care of the indigent ones but also in the management of crop production. He was called to this position in 1914 and has been most efficient in the discharge of all of the tasks that devolve upon him in this connection.

A native of Pennsylvania, his birth occurred in Bradford on the 30th of July, 1854, his parents being Robert D. and Hannah (Corkings) Olds, both of whom were natives of the state of New York, where they were reared and married. Soon afterward they removed to Bradford, Pennsylvania, where the father engaged in the shoe business until 1858, when he removed to Roanoke, Indiana, where he again conducted business as a boot and shoe merchant for twenty-eight years. The mother died in Roanoke and the father afterward came to the west, making his home with his son, Rev. A. R. Olds of this review, at Philomath, Oregon.

A. R. Olds pursued a public school education, supplemented by study in the Roanoke Seminary. He was thirteen years of age when he entered upon an apprenticeship to the shoemaking business, for his father conducted a custom made shoe business in connection with handling the factory product. After completing his apprenticeship A. R. Olds worked at the trade until 1882, when he made his way westward to Oregon, settling in Philomath. A year later he entered the ministry of the United Brethren church and for four years was minister at the college in Philomath. A little later he became connected with the Congregational church as a minister and for almost thirty years devoted his time and energies to the work, filling the pulpit in various churches. After his retirement from a regular charge he continued to do county missionary work until about a year ago. In September, 1896, he arrived in Walla Walla to take charge of the county missionary work but failing health caused him to give only a part of his time to the work in later years. Earnest and zealous in his efforts to upbuild the church, his labors wrought good results. He was not denied the harvest nor the full aftermath of his efforts. His high purpose, his ready sympathy, his words of wisdom all combined to act as an influencing factor drawing men to a better life.

In 1914 Rev. Olds was appointed superintendent of the County Poor Farm of Walla Walla county, in which capacity he has since served, and he has proven himself a master farmer, his crops at the present writing being among the finest in this section of the state. He also displays good business ability in the conduct and management of the Poor Farm and his official service in this connection is characteristic of traits which he has ever displayed, for it has always been his custom to carry forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. He never falters in the face of difficulties nor obstacles and his labors have brought good results, both in promoting material and moral progress.

In 1876 Rev. Olds was united in marriage to Miss Etta Fast, of Roanoke, Indiana, by whom he has three children, namely: Earl L., who is a resident of Bend, Oregon; Francis R., living at Klamath Falls; and Ruth, the wife of H. W. Bathany, of Walla Walla.

Rev. Olds gives his political allegiance to the republican party, which he has long supported. He is prominent in Masonic circles, belonging to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 7, A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; and Oriental Consistory, No. 2, A. & A. S. R., of Spokane. He is likewise a member of Trinity Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F., and Walla Walla Encampment, No. 3, I. O. O. F., and in June, 1917, a high honor was conferred upon him, for in that month he was made grand chaplain of the grand lodge of Washington. He also belongs to the Woodmen of the World. He is one of Walla Walla county's most esteemed and representative citizens and enjoys the respect, goodwill and trust of all with whom he has come in contact. Ever ready to extend a helping hand where aid is needed, his character and work have been such as have shed around him much of life's sunshine.

ARTHUR P. BLOOMFIELD.

Arthur P. Bloomfield, who is living retired in Columbia county after many years of successful farming, was born in New Jersey, February 6, 1840, a son of Jonathan and Theodosia (Foster) Bloomfield, the former born in England and the latter in New Jersey, in which state they were married. The father passed away in New Jersey and subsequently the mother became a resident of California, where her demise occurred. To them were born three children, of whom only our subject survives.

Arthur P. Bloomfield was reared in his native state and enjoyed the educational advantages afforded by the common schools. In 1861, when he had attained his majority, he went to California, where for about twenty years he devoted his time to farming and gardening, but in 1880 he came to Old Walla Walla county, Washington, taking up as a homestead the farm on which he still lives. Here he met with success and was able to increase his holdings until he now owns one thousand and ten acres of wheat and pasture land, all within what is now Columbia county. At length, feeling that he had earned a rest, he retired and now leaves to others the active work of the fields. He also owns a half interest in the Palace Hotel at Pullman, from which he receives a rental of two hundred and fifty dollars per month.

Mr. Bloomfield was married in 1874, to Miss Anna Lang, and they became the parents of seven children: Lulu, the wife of Bert Kimball; Ida, who resides in Walla Walla; Hattie, deceased; Frank, who is farming the homestead; and three who have passed away. The wife and mother died Saturday, October 6, 1917, and was laid to rest in Walla Walla cemetery.

Mr. Bloomfield is a stanch supporter of the republican party and has served with credit as a member of the school board and as road supervisor. His career illustrates what may be accomplished in this land of opportunity by persistent hard work and good management, for he began his career empty handed and is now financially independent.

MARTIN HANSEN.

Martin Hansen is a self-made man who has gained a creditable position among the representative and prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county. He arrived in this section of the state empty-handed but he saw the opportunities here offered and has utilized them to good advantage. He is now the owner of a valuable farm property situated on section 33, township 7 north, range 35 east. He was born in Denmark on the 12th of January, 1876, and is a son of Lars and Mary Hansen, who came to the United States when he was a lad of twelve years. The family home was established in Nebraska, four sons of the family having preceded the parents to the new world. There the father and mother located and both passed away in that state, the death of the father occurring in 1915, while his wife died in 1914.

In the common schools of Denmark, Mr. Hansen pursued his education, supplemented by a winter term's study in Nebraska and by two winter terms in Walla Walla county. He also took two six-weeks winter courses at the State College of Washington. He made good use of his time and opportunities in promoting his intellectual development and he has always continued a student of men and events. In other words he has learned much in life through observation and experience and has become a substantial and well informed business man.

It was in 1887 that Martin Hansen crossed the broad Atlantic to the United States and about three years later he made his way to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he was employed for wages for five years. He saved carefully and systematically until his industry and economy had brought him sufficient capital to enable him, in 1895, to engage in farming on his own account. He then rented land and again he practiced economy and industry until in 1897 he had a capital sufficient to enable him to purchase his present home farm of one hundred and fifty-nine acres. Upon that place he has since resided and has made many valuable improvements thereon, among others drilling in 1912 two artesian wells which flow one thousand gallons of water per minute, greatly enhancing the value of the farm. Its splendid appearance is indicative of the care and labor which he has bestowed upon it. He arrived in Walla Walla without capital and today he is one of the substantial farmers of this section of the state, and what means more, the result achieved is due to his industry, his perseverance and his determination alone. He has never been afraid of hard work and he early recognized the eternal principle that industry wins.

Mr. Hansen is a republican in his political views, having supported the party since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He has served for a number of years on the school board and is one of the influential men of his community, his opinions carrying weight regarding public affairs. His life record should serve to inspire and encourage others, showing what may be accomplished when energy points out the way.

JAMES H. SCHNECKLOTH.

James H. Schneckloth, the well-known and popular postmaster of Pomeroy, was born on the 25th of October, 1868, in Scott county, Iowa, a son of Henry and Margaretha (Kuhl) Schneckloth, who were natives of Germany and on coming to America in early life settled in Scott county, Iowa, where the father engaged in farming for some years. In 1881 he brought his family to Washington and located on a farm near Pomeroy, where he still resides. His wife died in 1914. To them were born eight children and seven of them survive.

James H. Schneckloth began his education in the public schools of his native county, where the first thirteen years of his life were passed in much the usual manner of farmer boys in the middle west. He then accompanied his parents on their removal to Washington and here grew to manhood. On starting out in life for himself he engaged in the stock business and is still interested in that enterprise. As time passed he prospered in his undertakings and is today the owner of a fine stock ranch of one thousand acres.

In 1912 Mr. Schneckloth was united in marriage to Miss Rose Dougherty, and to them has been born a daughter, Janet M. They are members of the Episcopal church, and Mr. Schneckloth is also identified with the Knights of Pythias and the Foresters. By his ballot he supports the men and measures of the democratic party and he has taken a very active and influential part in public affairs. In 1904 he was elected county treasurer and acceptably filled that office until 1913. In February of the following year he was appointed postmaster of Pomeroy and is now serving in that capacity with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. He is a self-made man, whose success in life is due to his own unaided efforts, and he is regarded as one of the leading citizens of the town.

JOSEPH WEIMER.

Joseph Weimer is a resident farmer of Garfield county, his home being on section 20, township 12 north, range 41 east. Ever loyal to his adopted country, he has made himself a creditable position as a leading agriculturist of Garfield county and as a citizen of genuine worth. He was born in Germany, June 3, 1861, and is a son of Casper and Lizzie (Braun) Weimer, who came to the United States in 1886. After arriving on the shores of the new world they made their way direct to the west with Washington as their destination and established their home in Garfield county, where the father filed on a homestead claim five miles northwest of Pomeroy. With characteristic energy he began the development and improvement of that property and devoted his attention to its further cultivation until the time of his death.

Joseph Weimer, whose name introduces this review, acquired his education in the common schools of his native country and in 1884 he set sail for the United States, landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Crossing the continent without tarrying for any length of time in the east, he at length reached the Pacific coast and spent six months in California. He then came northward into Washington and made his final settlement. He took up a homestead in Garfield county on which he resided for seven years, at the end of which time he bought land and removed to his present home farm on section 20, township 12 north, range 41 east. Upon that place he has since resided. He is one of the self-made men of this state. He came to the northwest in very limited financial circumstances and today he owns three hundred and twenty acres of valuable wheat land in Garfield county. His plate is improved with substantial buildings, with well kept fences and good farm machinery and everything about his place indicates his careful supervision and his practical and progressive methods. The fields give promise of abundant harvests in the autumn and the work of the farm has been carried on in a most modern and effective way.

In 1891 Mr. Weimer was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Andress, a native of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, and they have become the parents of four children: Edward Joseph, Frank Henry, Fred and Tillie, all of whom are still under the parental roof. Mr. Weimer and his family are communicants of the Catholic church.

In his adopted land Mr. Weimer has found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization has won a substantial measure of success. He has worked diligently and persistently along lines that have led to gratifying results and is now one of the enterprising farmers of Garfield county.

JOHN H. HARER.

John H. Harer is a resident farmer of Walla Walla county, owning and cultivating one hundred and thirty acres of land on section 4, township 6 north, range 35 east. He was born in Lane county, Oregon, on the 25th of February, 1859, his parents being David and Sarah (Standifer) Harer. The father was a native of Arkansas, while the mother was born in Tennessee. They were married in the former state and there resided until 1852, when they determined to try their fortune upon the Pacific coast and removed to Oregon. They settled in Lane county and in 1865 left that locality to become residents of Walla Walla county, Washington, the father having previously made several trips into this part of the country prior to the removal. He secured a homestead claim at Webfoot and later he bought and removed to the farm where Valley Chapel is now located. He kept adding to his original purchase from time to time as his financial resources increased until he was the owner of more than a section of land. Upon that property he died, passing away June 14, 1883. His widow long survived him and departed this life in 1907. During her last nine years she made her home with her son John.

John H. Harer is numbered among the honored pioneer settlers of the northwest, having resided in this section of the country for almost six decades. He acquired a district school education and also attended the public schools of Walla Walla. On reaching manhood he became engaged in the cattle business, with which he was identified for several years, and in 1889 he purchased from the other heirs their interest in the Harer estate and thus came into possession of his present home farm, upon which he has since carried on general agricultural pursuits. The farm originally comprised one hundred and sixty acres of rich and productive land, but he has recently sold thirty acres of the tract. He has brought his fields under a high state of cultivation and everything about his place indicates his careful supervision, progressive methods and indefatigable energy.

In 1882 Mr. Harer was united in marriage to Miss Eva Waterman, a native of Walla Walla county. Her father was Samuel Waterman, who crossed the plains from Iowa to California in 1860 and in the spring of 1861 arrived in Walla Walla county, taking up his abode in the vicinity of Valley Chapel. He was thus closely identified with the early development and progress of this section of the state until his death, which occurred in January, 1878. His widow survives and is now living with a daughter in Spokane, Washington. To Mr. and Mrs. Harer have been born three children, two of whom survive, namely: Inez, who is the wife of E. S. Gibson, of North Yakima, Washington; and Bertha, the wife of R. L. Ridley, who operates the farm of his father-in-law. Mrs. Harer is a member of the Christian church and is a lady of many admirable characteristics.

Mr. Harer gives his political allegiance to the democratic party. He has never sought or desired political office but for several years he served as school director and proved a stalwart champion of the cause of education. Both he and his wife are actuated by a spirit of progress and enterprise in all that they undertake and their interest centers deeply in those affairs which promise to upbuild and develop further the section of the country in which they live.

WILLIAM F. CLUSTER.

William F. Cluster, deceased, was one of the honored and highly esteemed citizens of Pomeroy. His birth occurred in Indiana on the 8th of February, 1831, and his parents were Daniel and Margaret (Tumlin) Cluster, natives of Kentucky and Ohio respectively. About 1861 they removed to Missouri, where both died. In their family were eleven children, all of whom have passed away with the exception of one sister, residing in Missouri.

In the state of his nativity William F. Cluster was reared and educated and on leaving the parental roof at the age of twenty-three years went to Missouri. He crossed the plains to Oregon in 1862 and spent the remainder of his life on the Pacific coast. In 1868 he married Mrs. Mary E. French, a native of Ohio, who only a short time previously had come to the northwest and had located in Oregon, where they continued to make their home until 1871. It was in that year that Mr. and Mrs. Cluster removed to old Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up a claim seven miles from Pomeroy, on which they built a log cabin, this being the family home for four years. They remained on the farm until 1882, when they took up their abode in Pomeroy and here Mrs. Cluster still lives. She continues in possession of the old homestead, which comprises two hundred acres of finely improved land, and owns a forty-acre tract which adjoins the city of Pomeroy. She has six residences in this city and derives a substantial income from all these properties.

The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Cluster are as follows: Viola E., the wife of C. E. Gray; Florence M., the wife of E. M. Pomeroy; Carrie E., deceased; and E. C., a resident of Pomeroy.

After a useful and well spent life, Mr. Cluster passed away on the 14th of June, 1915, leaving his immediate family as well as many friends to mourn his death. His remains were interred in the Pomeroy cemetery. Mrs. Cluster takes an active part in the work of the Presbyterian church, to which she belongs and is a most estimable lady who has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the city and throughout the surrounding country.

W. H. GILLIS.

The family of W. H. Gillis, residing in Dayton, pays fitting tribute to his memory in preserving the record of his life in this history of southeastern Washington. He was born in Montgomery county, North Carolina, and was reared and educated in his native state. In 1867 he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy A. Crump, of Stanly county, North Carolina, a daughter of Stephen and Eliza (Kendall) Crump, both of whom were natives of the Old North state, where they lived and died. They were the parents of five children, all of whom survive. Mrs. Gillis was reared and educated in North Carolina, pursuing her studies in the common schools and afterward in the Greenville and Doranport colleges of that state. To Mr. and Mrs. Gillis were born three children: Lillian, who has departed this life; John A.; and Minnie, who is the wife of J. F. Hall. The death of Mr. Gillis occurred March 2, 1906. He had been a soldier of the Civil war, serving for four years, and was brave and loyal to the cause which he espoused. He never faltered in the performance of any duty that devolved upon him and made an excellent record as a soldier. To his family he was a devoted husband and father and found his greatest happiness in promoting the welfare of his wife and children. In business affairs he was progressive and reliable and his sterling worth was acknowledged in many relations.

On the 16th of June, 1907, Mrs. Gillis became the wife of A. H. Richardson, who died five years later. Mrs. Richardson is the owner of a valuable farm property of five hundred and twenty acres pleasantly and conveniently situated about five miles east of Dayton. Upon this place many modern improvements have been made. The buildings are substantial and commodious, the fences are well kept and everything about the place indicates the progressive spirit of the owner. Mrs. Richardson rents her farm and therefrom derives a gratifying annual income. She also owns one of the finest residences of Dayton and is most comfortably situated in life. She is a member of the Christian church and takes an active interest in promoting the church work. Her social position is indicated by the fact that the hospitality of the best homes of Dayton is freely accorded her.

WILLIAM GAYLORD COLEMAN.

William Gaylord Coleman, a well known member of the Walla Walla bar, was born October 7, 1884, in the city where he still resides. His father, Dan J. Coleman, a native of Bowling Green, Kentucky, became a pioneer farmer of the Eureka Flat district and spent his last days in Walla Walla. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Mattie C. Roberts, was a daughter of E. G. Roberts and was born in an emigrant wagon somewhere along the Platte river while the family were crossing the plains. Her first marriage was with J. W. Cookerly and she later wedded Dan J. Coleman. The family ever has been closely associated with the pioneer development of Washington.

Reared in his native city, William Gaylord Coleman, after mastering the preliminary branches of learning, decided upon the practice of law as a life work and with that end in view entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and was there graduated in June, 1909, "with honors" and with the LL. B. degree. He returned to the northwest, opening an office in Walla Walla, and has since engaged in practice here. In a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit and ability he has made steady progress and public opinion names him as one of the able lawyers of the Walla Walla bar.

On the 5th of September, 1911, in Walla Walla, Mr. Coleman was married to Miss Margaret S. Steel, a daughter of T. S. and Annie J. Steel. They hold membership in the Presbyterian church and Mr. Coleman is a past grand of the Odd Fellows lodge. A lifelong resident of Walla Walla, he has a wide acquaintance and his sterling worth as a man, as a lawyer and a citizen is indicated by the high regard entertained for him by his fellow citizens.

JOHN MARTIN.

John Martin, living retired in Walla Walla after many years devoted to agricultural pursuits, was born in Ireland, January 1, 1842, a son of John and Ann Martin, who spent their entire lives on the Emerald isle. The educational opportunities accorded John Martin were those common to the boys of his time, he attending the national schools, and he remained in Ireland until he was twenty-five years old, when, in 1867, he emigrated to the United States. He first resided in New York state, where he secured employment in a brickyard at Haverstraw, and subsequently went to Baltimore, Maryland, but finding it too hot to suit him there, he went to Chicago, where he was employed by the Armour Packing Company, during the winters for several years, but in summer followed his work of brick burning and helped to manufacture the brick used in the construction of the United States customs house in Chicago. After remaining in the metropolis of the middle west for eight years he came to Walla Walla, Washington, in 1882 and settled on a farm on Dry creek. He operated that place until 1905, when he retired and removed to Walla Walla, where he purchased land and built his home on Grove street, where he has since lived. He is still prominently connected with agricultural affairs, however, as he owns fourteen hundred acres of fine wheat land, all of which is well improved. He gives his personal supervision to the management of his farm although he leaves the actual work of its operation to others. All that he has he has made since coming to Walla Walla county and it is but natural that he should be enthusiastic concerning conditions here.

In 1875, in Chicago, Mr. Martin was united in marriage to Miss Sarah McAvaney, a native of Illinois, and they have become the parents of fourteen children, of whom two are deceased, the others being: James, who is now chief of police of Walla Walla; John P., who is farming in Spring valley; Mary, the wife of Joe Martin, who although of the same name is not a relative; Elizabeth, the wife of Albert Schiller; Margaret, the wife of Roy Davies; and Katherine, Agnes, Grace, Theresa, George, Lillian and William, all at home.

Mr. Martin supports the republican party and has served acceptably as member of the school board. He is a communicant of the Catholic church, and his life has been guided by high moral standards. His residence is attractive and up-to-date and he is enjoying all the comforts of his life as the result of his well directed labors and wise investments. Mr. Martin is strong and vigorous for his years but to enjoy the balmy air of the south he spends his winters in Los Angeles, California.

C. F. ACTOR.

C. F. Actor, a grain dealer and warehouse man of Starbuck, was born in Dixie, Washington, on the 27th of October, 1868, a son of H. C. Actor, one of the veterans of the early Indian wars and one of the well known men of the pioneer period of Walla Walla county. He died August 30, 1917, near Dixie and extended mention of him appears elsewhere in this work.

C. F. Actor was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the public schools of Dixie. He also attended the Empire Business College of Walla Walla and thus became well qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. In early manhood he worked for a time in Colfax and was variously employed, after which he returned to Walla Walla county and for some time was engaged in farming. In 1902 he removed to Starbuck and entered the grain trade, managing the Alto warehouse for the Alto Warehouse Company for a year. On the expiration of that period he became the representative of the Balfour-Guthrie Company, with which he continued for four years as grain buyer. In 1907 he engaged in the grain business on his own account and since that time has operated independently and successfully, being today one of the well known grain merchants of Columbia county, controlling a business of large volume that brings to him a good financial return.

In 1900 Mr. Actor was married to Miss Lucy May Buroker, daughter of Martin B. Buroker, of Waitsburg, and they have become the parents of five children, four sons and a daughter, namely: Charles M., Alfred A., Grace, Lester E. and Fred F.

In his political views Mr. Actor has ever been an earnest republican since attaining adult age. In January, 1917, he was appointed to fill a vacancy on the board of county commissioners and is now serving in that capacity, in which connection he is making an excellent record, carefully safe-guarding the interests of the county, yet never blocking public progress by useless retrenchment. He belongs to Tucannon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of Starbuck, and also to Starbuck Lodge, No. 158, I. O. O. F. In 1916 he was representative to the grand lodge of Odd Fellows. He is also identified with Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. In banking circles he is known as a director of the Bank of Starbuck and he ranks with the leading and representative business men and citizens of the town, his aid and influence being always given on the side of progress and improvement. He at all times displays a public-spirited devotion to the general good and has wisely conducted his private business affairs, which have brought to him substantial and merited success.

M. W. SWEGLE.

A successful career has been that of M. W. Swegle, who now follows farming on section 32, township 7 north, range 35 east, in Walla Walla county. He has lived in this county since 1888 and is concentrating his efforts and attention upon the development and improvement of a farm of five hundred and fourteen acres. This is a memorable locality in the history of the state for it is the site of the Whitman massacre—the identical spot on which the atrocities committed by the red men culminated in the murder of the noble Reverend Whitman and his family, those venerable pioneers, who were doing such inestimable work in claiming this region for the purposes of Christian civilization, laying the cornerstone of the foundation for the moral and materially visible development of the entire region.

Mr. Swegle is a western man by birth, training and preference and exemplifies in his life the spirit of enterprise and progress which has been the dominant factor in the upbuilding of the west, leading to its wonderful development. He was born in Salem, Oregon, June 28, 1861, a son of Charles and Lucinda (Robinson) Swegle. The father was a native of New Jersey, while the mother's birth occurred in Ohio. They were married in Illinois, to which state they had removed with their respective parents, and in 1848 they crossed the plains with ox teams to Oregon, settling first in Clackamas county, although soon afterward they removed to Marion county, taking up their abode near Salem. There the father resided until 1880, when he came with his family to Walla Walla county, Washington, and purchased nine hundred acres of land, a part of which is included within the boundaries of the present home place of M. W. Swegle. In the residence where his son now resides the father passed away on the 7th of May, 1888, and in his death the community mourned the loss of an honored pioneer settler and most respected citizen—one who in every relation of life commanded the goodwill and confidence of those with whom he came in contact. His widow survived him for several years and passed away in November, 1895.

M. W. Swegle was reared upon the old home farm and acquired a common school education. From the time he attained his majority he began farming on his own account and in 1888 he established his home in Walla Walla county. Soon afterward he purchased a section of land, some of which he has since sold, while a portion thereof he deeded to his wife. The present farm, held conjointly by Mr. Swegle and his wife's heirs, comprises five hundred and fourteen acres. This land he has brought to a very high state of cultivation, carrying on farm work along the most progressive lines. He is at all times practical in what he undertakes and the results are therefore substantial and most desirable. He has placed good improvements upon his farm and its neat and attractive appearance indicates his intelligently directed activity.

On the 2d of July, 1890, Mr. Swegle was united in marriage to Miss Libby Brooks, also a native of Oregon, although at the time of her marriage she was living in Walla Walla county. She was a daughter of John Brooks, who came to this county from that of Yamhill in Oregon. He is still living and at the present time is a resident of Portland, Oregon, the beautiful city of roses. To Mr. and Mrs. Swegle were born eight children, seven of whom survive, namely: Floyd and Jesse, who are operating the home farm; May; Alice; Frank; Florence; and Irene. All the children are yet at home. The wife and mother passed away February 19, 1916, her death being the occasion of deep and widespread regret among her many friends. All who knew her sympathized and grieved with the family, to whose welfare and interest she was always most devoted.

Mr. Swegle votes with the democratic party. He has never been an aspirant for office, preferring to give his time to and concentrate his energies upon his own affairs, upon the interests of his home, upon his business and upon those things which help to further the welfare of the community. For thirty years he has been a resident of Walla Walla county and has witnessed many favorable changes during this period, having by his own labors in no small measure contributed to agricultural development.

S. V. DAVIN.

One of the energetic and progressive business men of Walla Walla is S. V. Davin, president and manager of the Washington Weeder Works. He is a native of France, born September 20, 1861, and is a son of Joseph E. and Nomie (Escalle) Davin, who came with their family to America in 1873 and located in California, where the parents continued to make their home until death. Of their thirteen children only two are living, these being Joseph and S. V., of this review.

S. V. Davin was twelve years of age on the emigration of the family to the United States and in the schools of California he completed his education, which was begun in his native land. He remained in the Golden state until 1888, when he came to Walla Walla and spent three years on a ranch in this locality. During the following ten years he engaged in business in the city and was also interested in farming and stock raising, owning sixty-three hundred acres of land in Franklin county, Washington, stocked with sheep, and is president of the Davin-Mitchell sheep and cattle ranch, the company owning one thousand acres of land. Mr. Davin also owns one hundred and ninety-four acres of land west of the garrison, which is worth eight hundred dollars per acre and has two hundred and twenty-five acres at Lowden, Walla Walla county, upon which he keeps both cattle and sheep and has twenty-five cows for dairy purposes. Since 1910, however, Mr. Davin has given his attention largely to the business of the Washington Weeder Works, which is in a flourishing condition, manufacturing a double-disc weeder, which was awarded the gold medal at the Lewis & Clark Exposition as the best weed killer and cultivator exhibited. Besides the property already mentioned Mr. Davin owns a business building, also the Ritz Hotel and three residences in Walla Walla.

In 1893 he was united in marriage to Miss Ardella Haight, who died in 1901, leaving no children, and in 1903 he again married. To this union were born two sons, Jackson Joseph and Virgil Edward Marion. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Davin is an active member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Eagles, the Moose and the Red Men. In politics he is a republican but has never cared for office. He gives his undivided attention to his extensive business interests, is prompt, energetic and progressive and carries to successful completion what he sets out to accomplish.

HON. JOHN F. ROCKHILL.

Hon. John F. Rockhill owns and operates a farm of five hundred acres of land in Columbia county, upon which he has resided for almost a quarter of a century, having taken up his abode upon that place in 1893. He was born in Marshall county, Iowa, April 29, 1855, a son of Anthony and Rosetta (Robbins) Rockhill, the former a native of Ohio, while the latter was born in the state of New York. They lived for some time in Iowa, but at length determined to try their fortunes upon the Pacific coast and in 1864 crossed the plains, establishing their home in Grande Ronde valley, Oregon. In 1865, however, they removed to the vicinity of Portland and in 1868 they came to Washington, settling in Walla Walla county, where the father rented a farm for two years. In 1870 he removed to a farm near Dayton and upon that place continued to reside until his demise. His widow also spent her last days upon that farm. They had a family of nine children, of whom six are yet living.

Hon. John F. Rockhill of this family was a little lad of nine years when he left his native state in company with his parents and came to the northwest. From the age of thirteen years he has lived in Washington and in the public schools of this section of the state he completed his education. He afterward took up land and engaged in farming, bringing to his duties broad practical experience which had come to him through assisting his father in the development and cultivation of the old home property. In 1885 John F. Rockhill removed to Whitman county, where he resided for eight years, but in 1893 he returned to Columbia county and purchased his present farm, upon which he is now living. He owns five hundred acres of excellent wheat land and in connection with the production of that cereal he is also successfully engaged in raising stock. In a word, his business affairs are capably managed and whatever he undertakes he carries forward to successful completion. He is likewise a stockholder in the warehouse at Turner and at Dayton and is regarded as a prominent figure in the business circles of his section of the state.

In 1877 Mr. Rockhill was united in marriage to Miss Mabel L. Taylor, a native of Iowa, and to them have been born eight children: Don M. a resident of Columbia county; Daisy, now the wife of C. I. Fleming, of Oregon; Hazel, deceased; Luella, who is a graduate of a normal school and is now engaged in teaching; Nora, who has departed this life; Cora, who was graduated from the high school and is now the wife of Edgar Hilbert, of Columbia county; John, who is engaged in farming with his father; and Mabel L., who is also a graduate of the high school and is the wife of Glenn Cecil.

Mrs. Rockhill is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church and is a lady of many excellent qualities. Mr. Rockhill belongs to Dayton Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and in 1915 he was called upon to represent his district in the state legislature, of which he proved an able member, carefully considering the vital and significant problems which came up for settlement and throwing the weight of his influence where he felt that the public good could best be conserved or promoted. For several years he has served on the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He is a self-made man whose business advancement is attributable entirely to his own well directed efforts. Not only has he progressed in a financial way but has also come to be recognized as one of the prominent and influential citizens of Columbia county, where for almost a half century he has made his home, therefore witnessing the greater part of the growth and development of this section of the state. Great indeed have been the changes which have occurred during this period and Mr. Rockhill is numbered among the worthy pioneer settlers.

W. E. SPROUT.

W. E. Sprout is regarded as among the foremost business men of Starbuck, where he is engaged in general merchandising and he also is president of the Bank of Starbuck. He was born in Grundy county, Missouri, on the 31st of January, 1861, a son of Francis M. and Sarah (Winters) Sprout, the former a native of Indiana, while the latter was born in Ohio. They were married in Grundy county, Missouri, to which place they had removed in boyhood and girlhood with their respective parents. Following their marriage the father turned his attention to farming in Grundy county, but at the time of the Civil war he put aside all business and personal considerations to espouse the cause of his country, serving for a year and a half in the Civil war. He was wounded in the battle of Shiloh, losing his right arm. His first wife had died when their son, W. E. Sprout, was an infant of but four months and three years later the father married Miss Sophia Newland. He continued his residence in Missouri until 1888, when he removed to Hutchinson, Kansas, where he was engaged in farming until the death of his second wife in the year 1905. Since that date he has lived retired in Hutchinson, where he still makes his home, being now in the eightieth year of his age.

W. E. Sprout acquired but a limited education, his opportunities being such as the district schools afforded. When not busy with his textbooks he worked in the fields and thus early received the training which well qualified him to begin farming on his own account when he attained his majority. He carried on general agricultural pursuits in Grundy county for three years and in 1884 he came west to Washington, settling in Dayton, where he spent two years as a farm hand, working for wages. In 1886 he invested in land, becoming owner of a farm on the Tucanon, a half mile outside the city limits of the town site of Starbuck. Upon that place he engaged in general farming and stock raising, which business claimed his time and attention until the year 1892, when Starbuck was made a railroad division point and Mr. Sprout then established a butchering business in the village. This was largely done in order to find a profitable market for his cattle. Eight years later, in 1900, he bought out the mercantile business of A. L. O'Neil of Starbuck and has since been prominently identified with the commercial interests of the town. For eight years he carried on the business independently and then, in 1908, organized the Sprout & Barnhart Mercantile Company, which was incorporated with Mr. Sprout as the president and W. H. Barnhart as the secretary and manager of the company. In 1907 Mr. Sprout was also the dominant factor in the organization of the Bank of Starbuck, of which he became president and has since served in that connection. He is thus actively identified with the financial interests of the county and has made the Bank of Starbuck one of the strong and thoroughly reliable moneyed institutions of this section of the state.

In 1890 Mr. Sprout was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Wooten, a native of Columbia county, Washington, and a daughter of W. S. Wooten, who came to this state from Missouri about 1878 and still makes his home in Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Sprout became the parents of one child, who has passed away, and the wife and mother died in January, 1906. Two years later, in April, 1908, Mr. Sprout was again married, his second union being with Miss Ida Hukill, a native of Walla Walla and a daughter of Allen Hukill, who was one of the early pioneers of Columbia county, taking up a homestead in this section of the state shortly after his arrival in Washington, when the entire region was largely an undeveloped section. To the second marriage of Mr. Sprout has been born one child, Allen M.

In his political views Mr. Sprout is a republican and served as the first mayor after the city of Starbuck was incorporated. He also served for a number of years as a member of the town council and ever exercised his official prerogatives in support of well defined plans and measures for the general good. He likewise served on the school board and the cause of education has ever found in him a stalwart champion. Fraternally he is connected with Tucannon Lodge, No. 106, F. & A. M., of Starbuck, and also with Starbuck Lodge, No. 158, I. O. O. F. He has recently disposed of his landed possessions but Mrs. Sprout still owns her homestead which she entered prior to her marriage. Mr. Sprout belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church and its teachings have been the guiding force in his life, making him a man among men, honored and respected by reason of his sterling worth, his patriotic loyalty in citizenship, his integrity and progressiveness in business and his faithfulness in friendship. In his public offices he has displayed the same spirit of enterprise and recognition of opportunity that has marked his business career, and Starbuck has profited much by his labors.

LESTER LEE ROBISON.

Lester Lee Robison, one of the foremost agriculturists and most extensive sheep growers of Walla Walla county, has in his own name three thousand acres of wheat land and seventy-five hundred acres of grazing land. His home is on section 34, township 8 north, range 35 east. His birth occurred in Dayton, Columbia county, Washington, on the 13th of April, 1884, his parents being Andrew M. and Theodosia (Fall) Robison, the former born in Austin, Texas, March 16, 1854, and the latter in Sidney, Iowa, on the 7th of September, 1857. It was in the year 1872 that the mother came to Washington with her parents, the family home being established near Dayton in Columbia county. Andrew M. Robison made his way to this state in the winter of 1876-7, when a young man of twenty-two years, and after his arrival he secured a contract with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company in construction work. Later he bought stock throughout this section, furnishing meat for the railroad construction gangs, which numbered about seven thousand Chinamen. Subsequently Mr. Robison took up his abode near Dayton and engaged in farming and in the stock business, being recognized for a number of years as one of the extensive stock buyers of this section of the state. In the fall of 1897 he removed to Walla Walla county, locating on Dry creek, four and one-half miles northwest of Walla Walla, where he acquired extensive farm lands, owning at the time of his death some twenty-eight hundred acres. He was widely recognized as one of the influential and leading citizens of southeastern Washington and was a prominent representative of the Masonic fraternity. His demise occurred on the 21st of October, 1907, but his widow survives, making her home in Walla Walla, where she has an extensive circle of friends.

Lester L. Robison acquired his education in the city schools of Walla Walla and also attended the State Agricultural College at Pullman, Washington. After putting aside his textbooks he worked with his father until 1907, when he started out independently as an agriculturist, taking charge of his father's large holdings, which he has managed with marked success to the present time. The property in his own name embraces three thousand acres of wheat land and also some seventy-five hundred acres of grazing land. Moreover, he has been heavily interested in the stock business for a number of years and is one of the foremost sheep growers of Walla Walla county.

On the 11th of September, 1907, Mr. Robison was united in marriage to Miss Elsie Riffle, of Walla Walla, her father being Elihu G. Riffle, who was one of the earliest pioneers of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Robison have a daughter, Laura Lee. Politically Mr. Robison is a democrat and fraternally is identified with the following Masonic organizations: Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; the Knight Templar Commandery; Oriental Consistory, A. & A. S. R.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He also belongs to Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E. A young man of enterprise, ambition and ability, he has ably carried forward the work of his honored father and his career bids fair to be one of continued achievement.

JAMES G. WOODEND.

James G. Woodend was one of the prominent farmers of southeastern Washington for many years and won a substantial measure of success by reason of the careful manner in which he developed his fields and managed his business affairs. He was a native of England and came to America when a young man of twenty-seven years. He did not tarry on the Atlantic coast but made his away across the country and took up his abode in Columbia county, Washington, at Starbuck. Here he occupied the position of section foreman for nineteen years and on the expiration of that period turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, purchasing a farm which he at once began to further develop and improve. Year after year he carefully tilled the soil and his plowing and planting, with the careful cultivation of his fields, brought to him substantial harvests which sold at a good figure. He was thus busily and successfully engaged in general farming up to the time of his death. In the intervening years he had added to his holdings as opportunity offered until he had become the owner of sixteen hundred acres of land which is still in possession of his widow, the greater part being wheat land. He was regarded as one of the most prominent men in the valley and his life work indicates what can be accomplished in the way of wheat production in this section of the state. Moreover, his history shows clearly what can be attained by honorable purpose and indefatigable energy.

In 1886 Mr. Woodend was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Bellingham, a native of England, who came to America in the same year. To them were born six children: Isabel, the wife of F. F. Kent; Anna M., who is living in Spokane; Robert G., who follows farming; Thomas S., at home; Marguerite V., the wife of A. J. Burke; and Mildred A., who is a student in the high school at Spokane.

The death of the husband and father occurred on September 21, 1915, and his remains were interred in the Starbuck cemetery. He left a widow and six children to mourn his loss, his demise being also a matter of deep regret to his many friends who sincerely esteemed him. He possessed many sterling traits of character, was thoroughly reliable in business, was public spirited in citizenship, held friendship inviolable and was devoted to the welfare and happiness of his wife and children. Mrs. Woodend still owns and manages her farm property and in fact has added to the sixteen hundred acres left by her husband, making an additional purchase of six hundred and twenty acres, also in Columbia county, so that she now owns over two thousand two hundred acres of valuable land in this section of the state.

M. B. WINCHELL.

M. B. Winchell, who is engaged in general merchandising in Touchet, Walla Walla county, ranks with the foremost business men of this section of the state. A spirit of progress and enterprise actuates him in all that he undertakes and his course has been characterized by a determined purpose. He has ever recognized the fact that when one avenue of success seems closed there can always be marked out another path that will lead to the desired goal. Alert and energetic and thoroughly reliable, his position among the business men of Walla Walla county is indeed enviable. A native son of Washington, he was born at Lyons Ferry on the 28th of March, 1888, his parents being Hezekiah and Alice L. (Palmer) Winchell. The father was a native of Michigan and the mother of the state of New York. They were married, however, in Minnesota, where the father was identified with timber interests for a number of years. In 1883 he brought his family to the west, settling in Walla Walla county, Washington, at which time he filed on a homestead near Lyons Ferry but resided thereon only long enough to prove up on the property. He then took up his abode in Waitsburg and for twenty-two years the family lived in or near that town. The father was engaged in farming during this time. He died in 1905, at the comparatively early age of fifty-six years. The sons in the family continued to make their home with their mother, her death occurring on the 5th of June, 1917. Mr. and Mrs. Winchell were worthy pioneer people of this section of the state and contributed much to its development and progress.

M. B. Winchell pursued his education in the graded schools of Waitsburg and also in the Waitsburg Academy, while subsequently he spent three terms in the Waitsburg high school, which he attended in the winter seasons. In fact his attendance at school was by no means continuous, but he utilized every opportunity to promote his education by entering school whenever he could. His father met with financial reverses and thus Mr. Winchell of this review was obliged early to start out in the business world and provide for his own support. He also earned the money that enabled him to continue his education. After finishing his course of study in the graded schools he devoted two years to work before he entered the academy and there was also a period of two years between his academic course and his high school course. In the meantime, however, he was learning many valuable lessons through experience. He was employed during the summer months and he made every spare hour count. He continued farm work and subsequently turned his attention to the grain business, becoming manager of an elevator when a youth of but seventeen years. This elevator was located at Alto, and he subsequently managed elevators at other points for the same company, a fact which is indicative of his capability and of his faithfulness. It is recognized that the best way to learn to do a thing is to do it. Habit brings accuracy and power grows through the exercise of effort. Labor does not tire—it gives resisting force; and all of these facts Mr. Winchell demonstrated in his life. He studied every task that came to his hand and from each new experience learned valuable lessons which have proven of worth to him in later years. He learned to correctly judge men and read character, while at the same time he was acquainting himself with commercial methods. While engaged in the grain trade he bought and shipped grain on tonnage during the winter months and attended school when there was no grain to ship. In other words he improved every opportunity to promote his knowledge as well as to advance his material interests. In 1914 he entered the employ of the Allen Grocery Company in Waitsburg and there laid the foundation for his mercantile success. In 1916 he took up his abode at Touchet and became one of the dominant factors in the organization of the Quality Stores Company, having stores at Touchet, Lowden and Waitsburg. He became the manager of the establishment at Touchet, which at the last inventory showed a stock of over thirty-one thousand dollars value, while annually he does a business of from seventy-five to eighty-five thousand dollars. This is a splendid establishment to be under the care of a young man who had to fight his own way, make his own way through school unaided and at all times rely upon his own resources. In the parlance of the present day, he is a live wire, or in other words he has the dynamic force which makes things move. An opportunity is to him a call to action and the call is never neglected.

On the 22d of September, 1912, Mr. Winchell was united in marriage to Miss Alberta Williams, of Walla Walla, by whom he has two children, Zilpha Alice and Ruth Emily. Mr. Winchell maintains an independent course in regard to politics, voting for men and measures rather than for party. Fraternally he is connected with Delta Lodge, No. 75, K. P., of Waitsburg, and also with the Ancient Order of United Workmen, while both he and his wife hold membership in the Community church of Touchet. He is interested in all that pertains to the material, political, social, mental and moral progress of the community. In a word his aid and influence are given on the side of advancement and improvement, and with him each day must mark off a full-faithed attempt to grow more and to know more.

WILLIAM C. WOODWARD.

William C. Woodward, a resident farmer of Columbia county, Washington, was born February 13, 1862, within the boundaries of the county where he still resides and which has been his home throughout the intervening period. He is a son of Albert and Oral Woodward, of whom mention is made in connection with the sketch of his sister, Mrs. Mary Nichols, on another page of this work. He spent his youthful days under the parental roof and divided his time between the acquirement of an education and work in the fields. His early training under his father's direction acquainted him with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops, so that valuable experience aided him when, on attaining his majority, he started out in the business world for himself. He began farming and has since been identified with general agricultural pursuits, owning valuable property which he has brought under a high state of cultivation, so that year after year his fields return to him good harvests that bring him a substantial income.

In 1891 Mr. Woodward was united in marriage to Miss Nora Davis, a native of Oregon and a daughter of Daniel and Isabella (Laughlin) Davis. Mr. and Mrs. Woodward have become the parents of six children: Albert D., S. M., O. H., L. S., H. L. and Sarah Alice. The parents are members of the Christian Science church and in his political views Mr. Woodward is a republican. He has served as county commissioner for two terms and has made an excellent record in his devotion to the public welfare. He has also been a member of the school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. He has many sterling traits of character, is thoroughly reliable as well as enterprising in the conduct of his farming interests, is progressive in citizenship and loyal in friendship. In fact, he is most faithful to every cause which he espouses, does not hesitate to express his honest convictions and his position upon any important question is never an equivocal one. A resident of what is now Columbia county for fifty-five years, he has been a witness of practically its entire growth and development and is justly numbered among its worthy and honored pioneer settlers.

JOHN ROBERTSON.

John Robertson, who follows farming on section 25, township 11 north, range 41 east, in Garfield county, was born in Prince Edward Island, Canada, on the 30th of November, 1866, but since 1882 has been a resident of Washington and through all the intervening years has been identified with its agricultural development. His parents, John and Mary (Steel) Robertson, were also natives of Prince Edward Island and were of Scotch parentage. In 1873 they removed with their family to California, settling in the Livermore valley, where the father's death occurred four years later, and in the fall of 1882, Mrs. Robertson with her four sons and one daughter came by team to Washington, where they proceeded to make a home for themselves. There was a strong family bond between the brothers, mother and sister and they held all of their interests jointly for many years, the brothers cooperating in their farming enterprises, and as a consequence all of them prospered. The mother is still living and makes her home with her son John, whose filial love and devotion repay her for the care which she gave to him in his youth.

John Robertson pursued a district school education in California, to which state he was taken by his parents when a lad of but seven years. He was a youth of sixteen when the family home was established in Garfield county, Washington, and here in connection with his three older brothers he began farming. Early in the '90s he homesteaded eighty acres which adjoins his present home farm, but he continued to engage in business in connection with his brothers until 1902, since which time he has followed farming independently. As the years have passed on he has prospered in his undertakings by reason of his close application and indefatigable energy and, making judicious investment in real estate, is now the owner of five hundred and sixty-five acres of excellent farm land and is regarded as one of the prominent agriculturists of his section of the state.

J. M. CRAWFORD.

A notable example of successful personal achievement is the history of J. M. Crawford, president and general manager of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company of Walla Walla. Since making his initial step in the business world his career has been marked by an orderly progression that has brought him forward step by step until he now occupies a most prominent position in the commercial and manufacturing circles of the northwest. He was born in Smithfield, Ohio, June 3, 1865, and is a son of Dr. J. B. Crawford, who was engaged in the practice of medicine in Gillespie, Illinois, for many years. In 1910 he came to Walla Walla and here passed away in 1915 at the age of eighty-eight years.

J. M. Crawford spent his early life in the states of Illinois, Nebraska and Kansas. At the age of twenty-two years he was employed by the Badger Lumber Company of Kansas City and remained with them from 1887 to 1890, acting as line yard manager for western Kansas at a salary of fifty dollars per month, but he found his work very congenial. In 1889 he was married in western Kansas to Miss Martha Cox and they began their domestic life in a humble way, their first home being made in a lumber shed of the company, and here their oldest son was born. On starting in business for himself Mr. Crawford purchased a stock of lumber from the Paddock Lumber Company of Raywood, Illinois, and thus he laid the foundation for his present successful business.

In 1904 Mr. Crawford came to Walla Walla and formed the Whitehouse-Crawford Company by purchasing the control of a company from its original owners and later bought out those still interested in the business, so that today it is an entirely new corporation. In 1908 his brother, Joseph F. Crawford, came to Walla Walla and is now general manager of the company. They own a plant devoted to the manufacture of interior trimmings, showcases, bank and store fixtures, in addition to which they deal extensively in lumber, this being one of the most important industries of Walla Walla. The plant covers a block and a half on North Second street and forty men are employed throughout the year in the manufacture of a product which finds a ready sale on the market.

It was in 1906 that Mr. Crawford started the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company with five lumberyards, but which has since grown until it now has forty-five lumberyards in eastern Washington and central Oregon and is capitalized for five hundred thousand dollars. Of this company Mr. Crawford is the president and general manager. His business interests have thus assumed very extensive proportions and his activities constitute an important element in the material growth and commercial development of the northwest. Moreover, Mr. Crawford has been most active in advancing the welfare and upbuilding of his city by inducing many others to locate here. He has prevailed on many of his old friends to come from the east and make their homes in Walla Walla and five different Crawford families have located here.

To Mr. and Mrs. Crawford have been horn three children. Harold E. is a graduate of Whitman College and the Boston School of Technology. He now has charge of the engineering department of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company, which constructs elevators, furnishes plans for houses and promotes good buildings, the plans and work being given patrons free of charge. C. Howard is treasurer of the Tum-a-lum Lumber Company and office man. He attended the Walla Walla high school until the age of seventeen, when he entered the office of the company and has steadily advanced, being a young man of practical experience and pronounced ability. Both sons are progressive and able to fill positions calling for skill and effectiveness. Susan M., the only daughter, was at one time a student at the University of Washington but is now attending Whitman College.

Mr. Crawford is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He has taken a marked interest in the Walla Walla Commercial Club and served on its board of directors for some years and as its president for one year. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and Mr. Crawford was on the building committee when the present house of worship was erected. He is a self-made man, able, forceful and successful, and can well be numbered among the builders of Walla Walla. Alert and enterprising, he seems to lose sight of no opportunity that will advance his legitimate business interests or will promote the welfare and upbuilding of the community at large. His keen sagacity has been an important element in public progress and Walla Walla honors him as one of her most valued and representative men.

GRANT LOW.

Grant Low, a resident farmer of Columbia county, living on section 3, township 10 north, range 40 east, is numbered among the native sons of North Carolina, his birth having occurred within the borders of the Old North state December 25, 1870. His parents were Samuel and Dillie (Proctor) Low, who were also natives of North Carolina, where they spent their entire lives, the father there conducting a plantation.

Grant Low was reared upon the old home farm until his sixteenth year, and acquired but a limited common school education. His parents died when he was a youth of ten years and he was placed with a guardian, for whom he worked for his board and clothes. He did not like the treatment he received, however, and at the age of sixteen he ran away from his foster parents and went to Missouri, where he was employed as a farm hand for three years. In July, 1889, he made his way westward to Dayton, Washington, where he arrived with a cash capital of but five dollars. His financial condition rendered it imperative that he secure immediate employment and soon afterward he began working for wages at farm labor, spending three years in that way. He next purchased a place of one hundred and sixty acres on credit. He did not have a cent with which to make an initial payment but he possessed courage and determination and was not afraid to work. Moreover, he recognized the eternal principle that industry wins. He began farming for himself and within the next five years was able to clear his place of all indebtedness. From that time forward he has steadily added to his holdings until he now has twelve hundred and forty acres in his home farm and he owns altogether forty-four hundred acres near Starbuck, in Columbia county, of which eighteen hundred acres is valuable farm land. He operates altogether three thousand acres of his own land and six hundred acres belonging to the Dwelly estate, which he farms under lease. He is one of the leading agriculturists of southeastern Washington, his business affairs having been most carefully managed and his investments most judiciously made. He employs progressive methods in the care and cultivation of his land and he has added many improvements to his farm, which is today valuable and which constitutes one of the attractive features in the landscape.

On December 3, 1891, Mr. Low was united in marriage to Miss Oral Monnett, of Covello, Columbia county, Washington, a daughter of Wallace Monnett and a sister of A. A. Monnett, one of the prominent business men of Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Low became the parents of five children, four of whom survive, namely: Nellie, Josie, Alberta and Donald. All are at home.

Mr. Low gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stanch advocate of its principles but does not seek nor desire office as a reward for party fealty. He has always preferred to concentrate his efforts and attention upon his business affairs and, working steadily and persistently, he has gained a comfortable competence, being numbered among the leading and progressive agriculturists of Columbia county.

ANGUS McKAY.

Angus McKay, a well known and enterprising farmer of Walla Walla county, was born in Canada on the 13th of January, 1836, and is a son of Angus and Margaret (Campbell) McKay, both of Highland Scotch birth. In 1832 they crossed the Atlantic and settled in Canada, where they continued to make their home until called from this life. To them were born eight children but Angus is the only one of the number now living.

Mr. McKay grew to manhood in Canada with the usual advantages of a boy of that period, attending school as he found opportunity. He subsequently served three years apprenticeship in a general merchandise store and remained in the Dominion in various capacities until in 1861 he left Canada and came to Walla Walla, Washington, where he engaged in the confectionery and tobacco business for five years. His former experience stood him in good stead and that he was successful along business lines is evident from the fact that at the end of that period he was enabled to secure a homestead of three hundred and twenty acres on Russell creek and he has since given his time and attention to farming with good results, becoming one of the well-to-do men of his community.

In 1866 Mr. McKay married Mrs. Mary A. Winship, a native of Ohio, who crossed the plains with her parents in 1852 in a covered wagon drawn by ox teams and settled in Oregon. To this union have been born seven children, of whom three are living, namely: March, residing and assisting on the ranch; Angus, living in Prossor; and Bessie, the wife of Oscar M. Shelton.

Mr. and Mrs. McKay are living on the ranch which has been their home for over half a century and besides this property they own a residence in the city of Walla Walla. Fraternally Mr. McKay is a member of the Masonic order and being a strong temperance man he organized the first Good Templars lodge in this region in 1866. In politics he is a republican and for fifty years he has efficiently served as justice of the peace, his rulings being fair and impartial. He has also filled the office of assessor for several years and no trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed in the slightest degree. His honorable principles have won him many friends and all who know him hold him in the highest esteem.

JOHN W. FOLEY.

The life record of John W. Foley spells success. He has succeeded in whatever he has undertaken by reason of close application, determined purpose and indefatigable energy. Early in life, when little more than a youth, he started out upon a mercantile career in Adam, Oregon, and the prosperity which attended that venture gave him his start for bigger things. He was likewise successful in the live stock business and later in farming operations, which he has carried on extensively, being regarded today as one of the foremost representatives of agricultural interests in Garfield county, his home being on section 3, township 12 north, range 41 east. He was born in the Willamette valley of Oregon on the 1st of November, 1866, and is a son of Francis and Hannah (Reese) Foley. The father is a native of Ohio and the mother of Kansas and in early life they crossed the plains, becoming residents of Oregon. They now make their home in California.

Liberal educational advantages were accorded John W. Foley. After mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools he became a student in the Willamette University of Salem, Oregon, and subsequently attended the Portland University, thus becoming well qualified for life's practical and responsible duties. In young manhood he turned his attention to the hardware business, establishing a store in Adam, Oregon, where he remained for two years. The venture proved profitable and he sold out at a good advance. He then went to Rock Lake in Whitman county, Washington, and for seven years was engaged in the cattle business. Again success attended his undertaking and on the expiration of that period he removed to Walla Walla, where he was engaged in the hardware and implement business for two years. He also devoted a part of his attention to farming when in Walla Walla county and in March, 1916, he took up his abode upon his present home farm in Meadow Gulch, Garfield county, where he owns sixteen hundred acres of rich and valuable land that responds readily to the care and cultivation which he bestows upon it. In business affairs he displays sound judgment and discriminates readily between the essential and the non-essential, discarding the latter and utilizing the former to the best possible advantage.

In 1893 Mr. Foley was united in marriage to Miss Edith Babcock, a daughter of W. A. Babcock, one of the early pioneer settlers of Whitman county who is now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Foley have three children: Harold F., Eva and Wayne C. Mr. Foley gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is a stanch advocate of its principles but he has no desire for public office. He and his wife are consistent members of the Methodist church, contributing generously to its support and doing their part in its work. They are interested in all that pertains to the welfare and upbuilding of the community in which they reside and have been active factors in advancing its material, social and moral progress. They are widely and favorably known and the hospitality of the best homes of their locality is accorded them.

ANDREW J. ABEL.

Among the well known residents of Columbia county is Andrew J. Abel, a retired farmer. He was born in Indiana, October 28, 1838, a son of Andrew and Sarah Abel, both of whom were Hoosiers by birth. They grew to mature years and were married in Indiana but in 1840 removed with their family to Iowa, whence, in 1864, they set out by wagon for the far west. They at length reached Old Walla Walla county, Washington, and took up their residence on a farm near Dayton. Their first home in this section was a log cabin with a slab floor and a clapboard roof. Subsequently good buildings were erected upon the place, and the parents resided there until their death.

Andrew J. Abel, who is one of two living children of a family of ten, received the greater part of his education in Iowa and there grew to manhood. Upon removing to Washington with the other members of the family in 1864 he took a preemption claim in Paddock Hollow, and there he maintained his home for six years. At the end of that time he sold this place and took up as a homestead the farm on which he still lives. This comprises two hundred and forty acres, is in a high state of cultivation and is well improved. During his active life he gave the closest attention to the management of his affairs and as the years passed his resources increased. He is now in good financial circumstances and is living practically retired.

Mr. Abel married Miss Sarah A. Brodhead, and they have had eleven children, of whom eight survive, namely: Andrew J., Jr.; Maria J., the wife of James Woodward; Sarah E., who married William Newby; Cora A., now Mrs. Charles Ingram; Adele, the wife of Seymour Litter; Maud, the wife of Sterling Litter; Chester, a resident of Columbia county; and Tressie, who married Lenn Collins, now of Missouri.

Mr. Abel gives his political allegiance to the democratic party but has not served in any office with the exception of that of member of the school board. His wife belongs to the Christian church and he also casts his influence on the side of right and justice. For more than five decades he has been an interested witness of the progress that has been made in Old Walla Walla county, and his reminiscences of the early days are of much interest to the younger generation who are growing up amid conditions vastly different from those that their parents found here.

SMITH OWENS GWINN.

Smith Owens Gwinn is successfully engaged in farming on section 20, township 11 north, range 40 east, in Columbia county. He was born in Putnam county, Missouri, February 17, 1855, his parents being William and Nancy (Triplett) Gwinn, both of whom were natives of Kentucky, where they were reared and married. Soon afterward they removed to Putnam county, Missouri, where they resided until 1864, when they heard and heeded the call of the west. The stories which reached them concerning the opportunities on the Pacific coast led them to the determination to try their fortune in Washington. With ox teams and wagons they traveled across the plains, being six months on the journey, and at length they established their home in Walla Walla county, six miles east of Walla Walla, where the father purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, for which he paid eighteen hundred dollars. Today the same property is worth forty thousand dollars. He lived upon that farm for a number of years and then sold the property, after which he took up his abode in the city of Walla Walla, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He had acquired a comfortable competence sufficient to meet all of his needs and also sufficient to supply him with the comforts of life. He passed away in 1897, while his widow survived for about twelve years, her death occurring in 1909. In his political views Mr. Gwinn was a democrat, giving stalwart allegiance to the party. He served as county assessor of Walla Walla county before it was divided, occupying that position for three or four years. He was widely known throughout the county, ranking as a representative business man and progressive citizen, and as a pioneer he contributed much to the early development of his section of the state. He and his wife were consistent and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church and were people of the highest respectability, enjoying the goodwill and confidence of all with whom they were associated. They left the impress of their individuality for good upon the material, political and moral development of the community.

Smith O. Gwinn was a lad of but nine years at the time of the removal of the family to Washington, so that he pursued his education largely in the schools of this district. He attended the Maxson school on Russell creek and on reaching his majority he began farming on his own account, renting land for that purpose. He raised two crops in Walla Walla county and in the fall of 1877 removed to Columbia county, where he homesteaded eighty acres. He failed, however, to get water on his land and therefore sold his right, after which he purchased another eighty acres with water on it. About 1880 he disposed of that farm and invested in his present home place of one hundred and sixty acres. In 1895 he leased this farm to Charlie Thronson and removed to Dayton, where he turned his attention to the livery business, with which he was identified for four years. Later he was engaged in various lines of business and retained his residence in Dayton until 1904, when he removed to Portland, where he resided for two years. He then went to Spokane, where the following year was passed, after which he returned to Portland, Oregon, where he again lived for three years. Once more he took up his abode in Spokane, where he remained until July, 1917, when he returned to the old home farm in Columbia county. Upon this place he has recently erected one of the most commodious and beautiful country homes in southeastern Washington and he has added many other modern improvements which add to the value and attractive appearance of the place. He also owns four hundred and eighty acres of land which constitutes one of the valuable wheat ranches of Columbia county. His business affairs are carefully managed and his unfaltering energy has carried him steadily forward to the goal of success.

Mr. Gwinn votes with the democratic party, of which he has been a stalwart champion since attaining his majority. He belongs to Touchet Lodge, I. O. O. F., and is one of the well known citizens of Columbia county who has gained a gratifying measure of success owing to his close application and indefatigable energy. His efforts have been a contributing factor in bringing about the splendid results that have been achieved in making southeastern Washington a notable agricultural belt, especially adapted to wheat raising.

W. H. YOUNGER.

W. H. Younger, who superintends the operation of the Prescott mills as agent for the Portland Flouring Mills Company, the largest concern of the kind in the northwest, was born in Stockton, California, on the 29th of January, 1889, a son of Thomas W. and Nannie (Welch) Younger. For a period of forty-three years the father was connected with the Southern Pacific Railroad Company as superintendent of motive power but has recently retired and now makes his home at Forest Grove, Oregon.

In the acquirement of his education W. H. Younger attended the public schools of Portland and also the Portland Academy. When a youth of sixteen years he entered the employ of the Portland Flouring Mills Company, securing a position as office boy in their Portland offices. With this important enterprise he has been connected continuously to the present time, becoming thoroughly familiar with every phase of the milling business, and that his services have been recognized as of value is indicated by his steady promotion. In 1909 he was made bookkeeper under E. H. Leonard, agent of the Prescott mills, serving in that capacity for four years or until the 1st of April, 1913, when he was appointed agent of the mills at Dayton, Washington. He had charge of the mills there for four years and on the 1st of May, 1917, was transferred to Prescott as agent at this point, in which connection he is making an excellent and most commendable record.

On the 28th of June, 1910, Mr. Younger was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Grace Anderson, of Portland, Oregon. Mr. Younger gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is deeply interested in matters of civic concern, having served as president of the Dayton Commercial Club and as a member of the Dayton Board of Trade. Fraternally he is identified with Dayton Lodge, F. & A. M., and he is also a charter member of Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. P., in which he has passed through all the chairs. His wife belongs to Trinity Episcopal church of Portland and both enjoy an enviable position in the social circles of Prescott, where they now make their home.

WILEY L. ARNOLD.

Wiley L. Arnold, a representative and successful agriculturist of Walla Walla county, resides on section 26, township 8 north, range 37 east, where he operates a well improved farm of forty-five acres, and he is also the owner of another valuable farm of one hundred and eighteen acres four miles distant from the aforementioned place. His birth occurred in Tennessee on the 8th of September, 1866, his parents being John and Anna Arnold, who spent their entire lives in that state. They had two sons, the brother of our subject being Grant, who is still a resident of Tennessee.

Wiley L. Arnold spent the period of his minority in his native state and in 1887, when a young man of twenty-one years, made his may to Spokane, Washington. Soon afterward, however, he removed to Vancouver, Washington, where he also spent but a short time and then went to Grants Pass, Oregon, there remaining during a winter season. Subsequently he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and here worked on a ranch for three and one-half years. On the expiration of that period he returned to Grants Pass, Oregon, but two years later again made his way to Walla Walla county and purchased the farm on which he now resides and to the cultivation of which he has devoted his attention continuously to the present time. It is a highly improved property, comprising forty-five acres on section 26, township 8 north, range 37 east, near Dixie. Mr. Arnold also owns another farm of one hundred and eighteen acres nearby and in the conduct of his agricultural interests has met with gratifying and well deserved success, being energetic, enterprising and progressive. He is also a stockholder in the warehouse at Sapellel.

In 1893 Mr. Arnold was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Perry, a native of California and a daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Shinn) Perry, the former born in Canada and the latter in Michigan. They made the trip to California in 1849 and after a number of years' residence in that state took up their abode in Grants Pass, Oregon, where they spent the remainder of their lives. They became the parents of twelve children, eight of whom survive. To Mr. and Mrs. Arnold have been born six children, as follows: Veora I., who is the wife of George W. Bruce; Marion Harvey; Zeffie A.; Sarah F.; Ivan W.; and one who died in infancy.

Mr. Arnold gives his political allegiance to the republican party and has ably served as school director here. Fraternally he is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to Lodge No. 117, and his wife is a consistent member of the Christian church. They are widely and favorably known in Walla Walla county and Mr. Arnold enjoys an enviable reputation as a self-made man whose success is the merited reward of his unremitting industry and sound business judgment.

JOHN HOFFMANN.

John Hoffmann is one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla and of the Inland Empire. There is no phase of the frontier development with which he is not familiar, for he came here when the work of progress seemed scarcely begun. In the years which have since elapsed he has not only witnessed remarkable changes that have brought this county to a foremost place in the way of improvement and development but he has also taken a most active part in bringing about this result by reason of his extensive interests and activities as an agriculturist.

Mr. Hoffmann was born in Germany, March 28, 1852, and remained in that country until he reached the age of sixteen years, when his father sent him to the new world in order that he might escape Bismarck's compulsory military service law, which had been established at the close of the Franco-Prussian war. He remained for a period in New York and in the eastern part of the country but in 1878 reached Walla Walla, being then a young man of twenty-six years. He began life as a farm hand, and something of the intense activity and enterprise which has ever characterized him is indicated in the fact that he came to be the possessor of eight thousand acres of the finest land in the wheat belt of Washington, having six thousand and eighty acres in one body, which was but bunch grass land when taken by Mr. Hoffmann. It is now well improved with fine buildings, supplied with best modern improvements, including electric light and baths. Water is secured at a depth of nine hundred and forty-five feet, Mr. Hoffmann being the first to drill a deep well in this locality. His fine place certainly indicates what energy, good judgment and determination can do. At the time of his arrival, however, little land had been brought under the plow and the city of Walla Walla was scarcely more than a trading and military post. The wide fields were covered with sagebrush or bunchgrass and there were no railroads. Mr. Hoffmann brought with him a heavy team and with this he at once began work, hauling freight from Wallula to Spokane and into the Coeur d'Alenes. It often required two or three months to make such trips, for the horses had to be fed on grass, as there was little grain for that purpose. With the completion of the Northern Pacific Railroad, Mr. Hoffmann recognized the fact that freighting would no longer be profitable and therefore looked about him for some other means of support. He was unable to secure a homestead because he could not remain upon it, necessity forcing him to provide for his support in other ways. He therefore used his preemption right and occupied one hundred and sixty acres of land on what is now Eureka Flats. He used his team in work for others and as opportunity offered rented adjoining land. It was about 1880 that he threshed his first wheat crop from a tract of seventy-five acres, selling the crop at about forty-four cents per bushel after hauling it eighteen miles to Prescott. In his third year he harvested half a section of wheat but as yet had no farm machinery. When sowing and threshing time came, Mr. Hoffmann with his eight horses continued to work for others and in this way paid for putting in and gathering his crops for several years. In the meantime he was most carefully saving his earnings in order to equip a farm, and whenever opportunity offered he also added to his holdings, becoming the owner of four thousand four hundred acres on the Eureka Flats. There he introduced punctuality and regulations as stringent as those of a factory. He began work after three o'clock in the morning to round up the horses and ended the day's work at dark or later. He secured modern steam machinery and with his working system he did more work than if he had forced his employes to continue their labor from daylight until dark. There was no loss of time and each move was made to count for the utmost. He kept in touch with every phase of progressive farming and in fact was a recognized leader in introducing improved methods. He studied agriculture from the practical and from the scientific standpoints and, in fact, he recognized that these two things are one. The results achieved were marvelous and as his financial resources increased he continued making investments. From time to time he purchased cheap land. He bought six sections of railroad land along the Snake river to be used as horse pasturage until rapidly moving settlement required it. For this he paid only seventy-five cents per acre and after a few years he sold it at a net profit of five dollars per acre, thus realizing a handsome sum on his investment. He made other similar purchases of land, which in time he turned into ready money, continuing to realize a fair profit. His holdings at one time embraced over twelve thousand acres. He continued to occupy his farm until 1893, when he removed his family to Walla Walla, and in 1903 he retired from the active management of his farming property. He helped to organize and is a director of Walla Walla's Farmers Agency.

On April 25, 1881, Mr. Hoffmann was united in marriage to Miss Theresa Kirchner, a native of Minnesota, who came to Washington with her parents when she was a child of but four years. Mr. and Mrs. Hoffmann have become the parents of ten children, seven of whom are yet living: John Edward, an agriculturist of Columbia county, Washington; Bessie D., who is the wife of Ben Grote, of Walla Walla; Anna, who gave her hand in marriage to George Retzer, a druggist residing in Walla Walla; Valline, who is pursuing a course in mechanical engineering in the University of Washington at Seattle; Philip, a senior in the high school; John William, who is an eighth grade pupil; and Corleen, who is a freshman in the high school.

In politics Mr. Hoffmann has long been a stalwart republican and gives unfaltering allegiance to the principles of the party, yet without desire for office. He belongs to the Commercial Club and through that agency works for the upbuilding and development of the city in which he makes his home. He is well known in fraternal circles, holding membership in Blue Mountain Lodge, No. 13, A. F. & A. M.; Walla Walla Chapter, No. 1, R. A. M.; Columbia Commandery, K. T.; Oriental Consistory, No. 2, A. & A. S. R.; and El Katif Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. For from thirty to forty years he has belonged to the order. He and his wife are also members of the Order of the Eastern Star and they are widely and prominently known socially, having a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of their acquaintance. The life record of Mr. Hoffmann is indeed a notable one and there is no resident of Walla Walla who has more truly earned the proud American title of a self-made man. Being early released from the military rule of Germany, he found in the opportunities of the new world the chances for advancement if the individual possesses industry and determination. These qualities are his in large measure and step by step he has progressed until he has long since occupied a place among the men of affluence in Washington. For almost forty years he has been a witness of the changes which have here occurred and is today one of the honored pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county, his memory forming a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present.

U. F. CORKRUM.

No student of history can carry his investigations far into the annals of Walla Walla county without learning of the close connection of the Corkrum family with the development of the agricultural interests of this section of the state. U. F. Corkrum is numbered among the progressive and enterprising wheat growers of Walla Walla county, where he was born on the 1st of June, 1866. His father, Francis M. Corkrum, was a native of Kentucky, and in early life went to Illinois, where he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Killabrew, who was a native of that state. They were residents of Illinois until 1865, when they crossed the plains with ox teams to Washington. On their arrival the father took up a homestead on Dry creek, about six miles northeast of Walla Walla, where he resided until about 1895. He then removed to the city, where the last twelve years of his life were passed, his death occurring in 1907. He was one of the first men in this county to take up wheat growing, demonstrating the possibilities for the successful production of that crop in this section of the state. He became one of the most extensive wheat growers of eastern Washington and acquired twelve hundred acres of land, mostly devoted to wheat raising. His widow survived him for a brief period, passing away in 1910.

U. F. Corkrum was educated in the Union school on Dry creek, with one term at Whitman College. The winter seasons were devoted to his school work, while the summer months were spent in farm labor. As early as his nineteenth year he began farming on his own account and on attaining his majority he made his first purchase of land, becoming owner of a farm of two hundred and forty acres on Dry creek. To this he added at intervals as his financial resources increased until 1893, at which time he had ten hundred and thirty-five acres, but the widespread financial panic of that year caused him to lose all that he had and to start in business life anew. That he met discouragement bravely and undertook his task with stout heart is indicated in the fact that he now owns six hundred and forty acres of rich and valuable wheat land and recently sold another tract of one hundred and sixty acres. He is now residing in Walla Walla in order to give his children the advantages of the city, but he is still one of the active wheat growers of the county and his business affairs are systematically managed, while the results that are attained are most desirable.

In 1897 Mr. Corkrum was united in marriage to Miss Kathryn Williams, of Brecknockshire, Wales, who emigrated to the United States in 1894, and came to Washington two years later. They now have four children, namely: Franklin Carl, Frederick Victor and Ralph Edward, all of whom are students in the Walla Walla high school; and Bertie Stanford, who is attending the graded school.

In politics Mr. Corkrum is a democrat but is without ambition for public office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, to the teachings of which they consistently adhere, and their influence is always on the side of right, progress and improvement. They are honored among those whose financial liberality made possible the fine new church built in 1917. Their cooperation can ever be counted upon to advance and support movements for the benefit of the individual and of the community at large and they advocate the highest standards of citizenship. Mr. Corkrum's example is well worthy of emulation. Many a man of less resolute spirit would have become utterly discouraged by failure, but in his career difficulties and obstacles have seemed but to serve as an impetus for renewed effort, calling forth his latent powers. Recognizing that perseverance and industry are essential features to success, he has ever cultivated those qualities and has gained a most creditable position in business circles.

CLINTON H. CUMMINGS.

Clinton H. Cummings is a well known agriculturist residing on section 4, township 6 north, range 35 east, Walla Walla county, there owning eighty acres of land in the richest part of the valley. His birth occurred in Lewisburg, Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of August, 1855, his parents being Andrew and Catherine (Boney) Cummings, who spent their entire lives in the Keystone state. The father worked at the cabinet maker's trade in early life, but after the period of the Civil war embarked in the furniture business and was identified therewith in later years.

Clinton H. Cummings acquired a limited education in the district schools and subsequently secured a position as clerk in a mercantile establishment, while for a year and a half he was in the employ of the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad Company. In 1883 he heard and heeded the call of the west and made his way to the Pacific coast country, reaching Seattle on the 28th of April of that year. He remained in that city for eight years, being employed in various ways, and in 1891 he came to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he secured a position as manager of a grain warehouse. He was afterward employed in different capacities at Walla Walla until 1896, when he took up a homestead in the Nez Percé reservation and there devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits for seven years. On the expiration of that period he disposed of the property and returned to Walla Walla, where he established himself in the grocery business, successfully conducting an enterprise of that character for ten years. He then traded his store for his present farm holdings, which embrace eighty acres of the richest land in the valley and to the cultivation of which he has since devoted his attention, meeting with a well deserved and gratifying measure of prosperity in this connection.

In 1889 Mr. Cummings was united in marriage to Miss Frances Belle Kennedy, of Walla Walla. He is a democrat in politics and has served for two terms as a member of the city council of Walla Walla, the fact that he was elected in a strong republican ward being indicative of his personal popularity and the public confidence in his capability. Fraternally he is identified with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, belonging to the Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287. His well directed business activities have won him material success and by his upright and honorable life he has gained the warm regard and friendship of many with whom he has been brought in contact.

CHARLES ISECKE.

For almost a third of a century Charles Isecke was a resident of Washington and during that long period made valuable contributions to the work of development and progress in the state. There was no phase of pioneer life in Washington with which he was not thoroughly familiar and at all times he bore his part in the work of development and won a substantial measure of business success. His personal qualities, too, made him very popular and everyone whom he met was his friend.

Mr. Isecke was born in Pommern, western Prussia, May 8, 1842, and had therefore completed the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten when called to his final rest. He acquired his education in the common and normal schools of his native country and after putting aside his textbooks began learning the miller's trade, with which he became thoroughly familiar. He was twenty-four years of age when in 1866 he severed home ties and bade adieu to his native land preparatory to becoming a resident of America. Crossing the Atlantic, he located at Buffalo, New York, and was there employed for a time in carpenter work but afterward turned his attention to railway bridge building. The west, however, attracted him and in 1874 he made his way to California, where for four years he was employed in the car shops at Salida. In the spring of 1878 he arrived in Washington, and after seeking a favorable location decided upon Anatone, where he purchased a small store that had been established only a short time before. Increasing the size of the stock immediately, he continued to carry on the business for eleven years with substantial success and in 1889 sold out to W. J. Clemans. He then removed to Asotin and during the period of his residence in that city was connected with various important industries and business enterprises, becoming president of the Blue Mountain Lumber & Manufacturing Company and also president of the bank of Asotin from its organization until his demise.

Mr. Isecke was married in 1879, about a year after taking up his abode in Anatone, the lady of his choice being Miss Mary L. Sutherland, of Truro, Nova Scotia, with whom he had become acquainted in California. Mr. Isecke was prominent in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and became a charter member of Hope Lodge, No. 30, at Anatone. He regularly attended the lodge meetings, had filled all of the offices in the organization and was always in attendance at the annual sessions of the Grand Lodge. He gave his financial aid and assistance to all movements calculated to benefit the community in which he lived and he was most generous in his contributions to religious organizations and charitable societies. He possessed a cheery nature, was ever considerate of others and never failed to extend a helping hand where he could give assistance. At Christmas time he was most generous in his gifts to the poor and it was his desire that all people should be happy. His kindly nature made him loved by all and his circle of friends was coextensive with the circle of his acquaintance. On the fiftieth anniversary of their graduation Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a poem concerning his classmates in which he termed them "The Boys." Speaking of one of them he said:

"You see that boy laughing, you think he's all fun
But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done.
The children laugh loud as they troop to his call
But the poor man that knows him laughs loudest of all."

These words are entirely applicable to Mr. Isecke, who belonged to that class of men who shed around them much of life's sunshine and who are ever putting forth earnest and effective effort to ameliorate the hard conditions of life for the unfortunate.

WILLIAM H. LEONARD.

William H. Leonard, one of the best known stock breeders in southeastern Washington, where he took up his abode almost four decades ago, is the proprietor of the Blue Ribbon Stock Farm on section 28, township 14 north, range 41 east, and owns eleven hundred and sixty acres of land, comprising one of the best improved farms in Garfield county. His birth occurred in Vermilion county, Illinois, on the 1st of March, 1860, his parents being William J. and Sarah Jane (Cronkhite) Leonard, who were married in Illinois and spent the remainder of their lives in Vermilion county, that state. The father was an agriculturist, owning and cultivating two hundred and eighty acres of valuable corn land in Vermilion county. He died when yet a comparatively young man, passing away in 1866 or 1867, and his wife survived him for but ten years.

William H. Leonard was a youth of but sixteen years when he lost his mother and since that time he has made his own way in the world. In 1877 he journeyed westward by immigrant train to California, spending two years in Los Angeles county, where he worked for wages. In 1879 he came to Washington, locating in Walla Walla county, where he again worked for others for a period of two years and at the end of that time settled in what was then Columbia county and is now Garfield county. Here he took up a preemption claim of one hundred and sixty acres, subsequently commuted this and then took up a homestead. At the same time that he filed on his homestead he bought a quit claim on a timber claim, on which he proved up later. Since then he has added to this by purchase until his present holdings comprise eleven hundred and sixty acres and he enjoys the distinction of owning one of the best improved farms in Garfield county. During the past fourteen years Mr. Leonard has specialized in the breeding of registered thoroughbred shorthorn cattle and now has more than eighty head that are registered or eligible to registry. He has attended the Lewiston livestock show and sale with a carload of cattle for the past three years and has gained a most enviable reputation as a breeder. His style of dealing with his customers has contributed most to his success, demonstrating that honesty is the best policy, for when one of his animals is placed on the auctioneer's block, the buyers of his stock know that there are no by-bidders running up the price and that every animal purchased from him measures up to the standard set. The prosperity which has come to him is indeed well deserved, for he has worked earnestly and energetically as the years have gone on and by able management and sound judgment has won a place among the leading stock breeders and farmers of this section of the state.

In 1881 Mr. Leonard was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Starr, of Columbia county, her father, William H. Starr, being among the early pioneer settlers of that county. They have become the parents of five children, as follows: Clara E., who is the wife of Fernando Freeburn, a farmer of Garfield county; Izza C., who gave her hand in marriage to W. Morse, of Waitsburg, Washington; William J., who operates the home farm; Mary M., who was educated in the State Normal School at Cheney, Washington, and is now engaged in teaching; and Mildred T., at home.

HEZEKIAH N. BROWN.

Hezekiah N. Brown, a retired farmer, residing in Dayton, Columbia county, was born in central Tennessee, August 28, 1845, a son of John and Perlina (Kincade) Brown, who were also natives of that state. In 1847 they removed west to Arkansas, and there the father spent his remaining years. The mother, however, came to Columbia county, Washington, in 1874. The following year her death occurred. They had eight children, of whom five survive, two residents of Washington; two of Idaho; and one of Texas.

Hezekiah N. Brown received his education in Arkansas and there grew to manhood. Most of his boyhood was spent in rail splitting and hard work on the farm. In 1872 he determined to cast in his lot with the Pacific northwest and came to what is now Columbia county, Washington, but was then a part of Walla Walla county. He acquired title to land and as time passed he was able to add to his holdings. Success was the natural result of his hard work, thrift and good management, and he still owns nine hundred and thirty-two acres, which is in a high state of cultivation and is well improved. Although the buildings upon the farm are now commodious, up-to-date and attractive in design, during the first years of his residence here he lived in a box house. In 1909 he retired and removed to Dayton, where he still lives.

Mr. Brown was married in Arkansas in 1869, to Miss Elizabeth Carpenter, whose birth occurred in Runnells county, Missouri, February 14, 1849. To them have been born five children: Leo and George, both of whom are farming; Elmer H., who is living in Seattle; Walter S., a merchant of Spokane; and Luella, deceased.

Mr. Brown has been a lifelong adherent to the democratic party and for twenty-five years he rendered capable service as a member of the school board. At the time of the Civil war he served in the Confederate army under General Cooper, and although he was at the front four years and took part in much hard fighting he came out without a scratch. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church, whose teachings are the guiding principles of their lives. Mr. Brown was not only thrown upon his own resources at an early age but until he was twenty-four years old aided materially in the support of his parents. He is, therefore, a self-made man and is entitled to the credit given those who, through their own unaided efforts, have gained material success and an honored place in their community.

C. A. HALES.

Since 1892, C. A. Hales has been identified with the sheep industry in Washington and Oregon and is now senior partner in the firm of C. A. Hales & Sons, prominent sheep raisers of Walla Walla county. He resides on section 12, township 9 north, range 37 east, and has been a lifelong resident of the northwest, his birth having occurred in Marion county, Oregon, October 16, 1867, his parents being William H. and Lucinda (Turner) Hales. The father crossed the plains in 1851, when a young man of twenty-one years, and located near Portland, Oregon, when there were but one or two log cabins on the site of the present beautiful city. Later he went to California, where he followed mining for a number of years, and in 1873 he became a resident of Weston, Oregon, where he engaged in ranching and in the livestock business. He acquired extensive land holdings and became a prominent factor in the livestock industry in that section of the country, there remaining until his death, which occurred in 1887. His wife had crossed the plains with her parents in 1849, when but four years of age, the family home being established in Marion county, Oregon. She still survives and makes her home near that of her son, C. A. Hales, of this review.

In the common schools C. A. Hales acquired his education. He was but twenty years of age at the time of his father's death, at which time the latter's extensive and important business interests devolved upon the son. He had to assume the management of the large farm holdings and livestock interests, and though his responsibilities were heavy, he proved adequate to the demands placed upon him. In 1892 he turned his attention to the sheep industry and has in the course of years become one of the foremost sheep men of the northwest, running some twelve thousand head of sheep at the present time. His splendid business ability is demonstrated by his successful control of extensive interests of this character. He has a vast acreage on which to pasture his flocks and he keeps in close touch with every condition bearing upon the welfare of his business and upon the market. He is thus thoroughly acquainted with everything that has to do with the successful conduct of his interests.

In 1890 Mr. Hales was married to Miss Lucinda Galloway, of Morrow county, Oregon, and to them have been born eight children, six of whom are living, namely: Willis R., who is associated with his father in the sheep business and is the manager of the Union Stock Yards at Pasco, Washington; Alfred L. and Lester M., who are also associated with their father in the sheep business; Marvin R.; Ila M.;, and Gertrude E.

Politically Mr. Hales is a stanch republican, while fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M., and Dayton Chapter, R. A. M. Mr. Hales and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is much interested in its work and generous in its support. He stands at all times for those things which are a matter of benefit to the individual and to the community at large and his influence is always on the side of progress, justice, truth and right. His career has been notably successful. It is true that something came to him through inheritance; on the other hand, it is true that necessity is the spur of ambition and industry, and there are too many cases where inheritance has seemed to enfeeble effort rather than to call forth the most persistent purpose. Mr. Hales, however, nobly met the tasks that developed upon him at his father's death and in the conduct of business interests was and is always looking for opportunities to advance. His course has been marked by a steady progression and each forward step has brought him a broader outlook and wider opportunities, which he has eagerly, promptly and rightfully utilized. Moreover, his business affairs have always been of a character that have contributed to public progress as well as to individual success and through the management of his extensive sheep interests he has done much to further prosperity in Walla Walla county.

HARVEY B. BATEMAN.

Among the honored early settlers of Old Walla Walla county was Harvey B. Bateman, who took an active part in the development of this region, especially along agricultural lines. He was born in Illinois on the 10th of November, 1833, and in early manhood crossed the plains, enduring all the hardships and dangers of such a journey. On reaching Washington he bought a farm near Waitsburg and continued to reside thereon up to the time of his death, his time and attention being devoted to farming.

In 1876 Mr. Bateman was united in marriage to Miss Susan Thomas, a native of Missouri and a daughter of T. T. and Nancy (Curl) Thomas, who in 1851 left their home in the Mississippi valley and after crossing mountains and desert finally reached Linn county, Oregon, where the father took up a donation claim. He built thereon a log cabin with a clapboard roof and stick chimney and in this frontier home the family lived in true pioneer style. He became one of the prominent and influential citizens of his community and was called upon to represent his district in the state legislature for two terms. Later he went to Alaska, where his death occurred. His wife died in Washington. In their family were ten children, of whom five are still living.

To Mr. and Mrs. Bateman were born twelve children, but Mida, the wife of J. O. Windust, and four others are deceased. Those living are: Mary, the wife of Andrew Gregg of Oakesdale, Washington; Nancy, the wife of Wesley Star; John M.; James S.; Dollie, the wife of Fred Porter; Katherine, the wife of W. F. Hawks; and Wilber, who is now operating the homestead farm, comprising three hundred acres. The place is well improved with good and substantial buildings and still belongs to Mrs. Bateman.

Mr. Bateman was a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his widow also belongs, and his earnest Christian life won for him the confidence and high regard of all with whom he came in contact either in business or social life. He passed away in 1904 and was laid to rest in the Waitsburg cemetery. Mrs. Bateman has not only reared her own family but has also cared for five grandchildren, which she has educated as well. Her life has been a busy and useful one and she well merits the high esteem in which she is uniformly held.

WILLIAM E. CAHILL.

William E. Cahill, who is engaged in the abstract and general loan business in Dayton, was born in Green Lake county, Wisconsin, on the 18th of January, 1862, his parents being William R. and Angeline C. (Church) Cahill, both of whom were natives of the state of New York, but in early life removed with their respective parents to Wisconsin, where they reached man and womanhood. It was there that William R. Cahill and Angeline C. Church were married, after which they located upon a farm, Mr. Cahill devoting his attention to the development and improvement of that place until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when he responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting in the Union army in the fall of 1861. He served for three years and participated in many hotly contested engagements. On one occasion he was carrying on his back from the field a wounded man when a shell burst near them and cut the man squarely in two and threw Mr. Cahill a distance of seventy-five feet, the concussion being so great that it burst both ear drums and partially paralyzed him, making him a physical wreck through the following years of his life. He passed away in 1890. In 1878 he had removed with his family to Columbia county, Washington, arriving in Dayton on the 4th of May of that year. He took up his abode upon a farm near Dayton, where he resided until about a year prior to his death, when he established his home in the city of Dayton. His widow still survives and now resides with her son, A. P. Cahill.

William E. Cahill spent the first sixteen years of his life in his native state and during that period acquired a common school education in Wisconsin. In 1878 he accompanied his parents to Washington and subsequently became a student in the Dayton high school. At the age of nineteen years he started upon his business career in a humble capacity, being employed to wheel sawdust from under the saw in a sawmill in the mountains near Dayton. Thirty days later he was promoted to the position of driving a bull team of five yoke of bulls at the sawmill. For three months during this summer he lived on red beans and sour dough bread and he carried fifty cents in his pocket for that entire period without having occasion to spend it. During the following winter he attended the Dayton high school and subsequently he took up the profession of teaching, which he followed for two years. During this time he saved enough money to pay his tuition in the Portland Business College, where he became a student. After completing his course in that institution he once more returned to Dayton and on the 4th of May, 1884, he accepted a clerkship in the mercantile house of M. Hexter, by whom he was employed for seven years, his long retention in that position indicating most clearly his fidelity, capability and trustworthiness. He resigned his position on the 4th of May, 1891, and opened a set of abstract books, since which time he has been engaged in the abstract and insurance business, also handling mortgage loans and acting as agent for various clients. He has built up a business of extensive proportions and derives therefrom a gratifying annual income. He was also one of the organizers of the Broughton National Bank and became a member of the board of directors, in which capacity he is still serving. He has from time to time made extensive investments in farm lands and is now the owner of farm property comprising two thousand acres eight miles east of Dayton.

Fraternally Mr. Cahill is connected with Columbia Lodge, No. 26, F. & A. M., of Dayton, and with Dayton Lodge, No. 3, K. P. He is loyal to the teachings and purposes of those organizations and enjoys the high regard of his brethren. Dayton numbers him among its foremost citizens and he is progressive in every movement that looks to the advancement of the city and the upbuilding of its interests. There is no movement for the public good which seeks his aid in vain, but he never has been imbued with political ambition and prefers to do his public service as a private citizen. He has been an interested witness of the growth and development of this section of the state since pioneer times and has been a contributing factor to the work that has been accomplished in the way of promoting public improvement. Each forward step in his career has brought him a wider outlook and broader opportunities and his entire record has been marked by an orderly progression that has brought substantial results.

HON. MILES CONWAY MOORE.

Honored and respected by all, there is no man who occupies a more enviable position in public regard in Walla Walla than does Hon. Miles Conway Moore, the last territorial governor of Washington and now a prominent figure in banking circles. His high position in the regard of his fellowmen is due not to the success which he has achieved but to the straightforward, honorable purpose which he has ever followed. He has made wise use of his time, his talents and his opportunities and in laboring to promote his individual interests has also advanced the welfare and progress of city and state at large. He is now the president of the Baker-Boyer National Bank.

Mr. Moore was born in Muskingum county, Ohio, April 17, 1845. His father, Amos L. Moore, was a native of Delaware, while his mother belonged to the Monroe family of which President James Monroe was a representative—one of the oldest and most prominent families of Virginia. At the age of twelve years Miles C. Moore accompanied his parents on their removal from Ohio to Wisconsin and he was educated in the Methodist Episcopal Institute at Point Bluff, Wisconsin. In 1863 he came to Walla Walla, then a youth of but eighteen years, and was first employed as a clerk in the store of Kyger & Reese. The following year he embarked in business on his own account in Blackfoot City, a mining town in Montana, but in the fall of 1866 he returned to Walla Walla and entered into partnership in the conduct of a store under the firm style of H. E. Johnson & Company. In 1869 he opened a general store as a member of the firm of Paine Brothers & Moore. This establishment was later converted into an agricultural implement business, which was the first of the kind in eastern Washington.

In 1877 Mr. Moore became associated with his father-in-law, Dr. D. S. Baker, in the grain business, buying extensively for those early days. They loaded three ships at Astoria with the first wheat brought from the interior of the state and continued in the wheat business until 1879. The partnership, however, was maintained until the death of Dr. Baker in 1888, at which time Mr. Moore was made one of the administrators of the estate. Together they built six miles of railroad up Mill creek in order to bring down timber and wood from the mountains. After Dr. Baker retired from the grain business Mr. Moore formed a partnership with his brother Charles and continued along that line until the death of his brother in 1888. They bought grain in the Palouse district and along Snake river. Our subject afterward devoted several years to public affairs and in 1889 was chosen territorial governor of Washington, which office he most ably filled. He was interested in the Baker & Boyer Bank, which was the first private bank established in this state, being organized in 1869 and made a national bank in 1889. Mr. Moore became a stockholder and the vice president, remaining in that position until the death of Mr. Boyer in 1898, when he succeeded to the presidency and still remains at the head of the institution, discharging his duties with marked capability. He possesses notable executive force and his administrative direction has been characterized by a recognition of all the different phases of the business and its opportunities. He was likewise a stockholder in the First National Bank of Walla Walla and is extensively interested in real estate in various parts of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. His investments have been most judiciously made and have brought to him a very gratifying financial return.

In Walla Walla, in March, 1873, Mr. Moore was married to Miss Mary E. Baker, a daughter of Dr. D. S. Baker, who was born in Portland, Oregon. They are the parents of three children: Frank A., a resident of Walla Walla; Walter B., deceased; and Robert L., also of Walla Walla. Mrs. Moore died in 1904 at Oakland, California, where she had gone with the hope of benefiting her health. In 1884 Mr. Moore purchased property and erected the residence which has since been his home and where his children grew up.

Governor Moore early came to a recognition of the duties and obligations as well as of the privileges of citizenship and has been a leading factor in promoting political progress and in advancing the interests of his community and the commonwealth along many lines. In 1877 he was elected mayor of Walla Walla and in 1889 was appointed governor, serving in that important position at the time when the territory was merging into statehood. The duties which devolved upon him in this connection were of a most delicate and important character, but were discharged with credit and honor to himself and to the satisfaction of the people at large. No plan or movement for the benefit of the city along lines of progress and improvement seeks his aid in vain. The public work that he has done has largely been of a nature that has brought no pecuniary reward and yet has made extensive demand upon his time, his thought and his energy. Opportunities that others have passed by heedlessly he has noted and improved to the betterment of the city and the state in many ways. He is extremely modest and unostentatious in manner and all who know him speak of him in terms of praise. In his life are the elements of greatness because of the use he has made of his talents and his opportunities, because his thoughts are not self-centered but are given to the mastery of life's problems and the fulfillment of his duty as a man in his relations to his fellowman and as citizen in his relations to his city, state and country.

J. C. LEWIS

J. C. Lewis, who has resided in the Pacific northwest for more than seventy years, is one of the most honored residents of Dayton. His birth occurred in Kentucky, February 1, 1842, but when he was two years old he was taken by his parents to Missouri, where the family home was maintained for a year. In 1845 they removed to the Willamette valley, the long trip across the plains being comparatively uneventful as there was no trouble with the Indians and no serious shortage of food or water. He grew to manhood in the Willamette valley and received his education in its pioneer schools. He remained in Oregon until the fall of 1869, when he came to Old Walla Walla county, Washington. The following winter was spent on the site of the town of Dixie, which was not platted until a number of years later, but in the fall of 1870 he took up a homestead in Columbia county eleven miles northeast of Dayton. He devoted his time and attention to the cultivation of his fields and the raising of stock and derived a gratifying annual income from the sale of his farm products. In 1898, feeling that he had accumulated a competence, he retired to Dayton, where he is still living.

In 1864, in Oregon, Mr. Lewis was united in marriage to Miss Maria Lapham, who in the spring of 1853, when seven years of age, accompanied her parents and an elder sister on their removal from Michigan to the Willamette valley. Not only was the trip across the plains long and tedious, as the journey was made by ox team, but many misfortunes overtook the train, which, captained by a Mr. Eliott, attempted to reach the Willamette valley by a cut off route known as the "lost trail." As the result of the many hardships of the journey Mrs. Lapham died in eastern Oregon and the only coffin available was the wagon box. Not long after this the party lost its way and all came very nearly perishing of thirst. They were also attacked by Indians and their cattle driven away and Mr. Lapham and his small daughters found themselves alone and afoot in the Deschutes country. Leaving the two little girls in camp with a little flour, the father set out in search of the cattle, hoping to find at least a few. During his absence a rescuing party found the girls and took them to the Willamette, Maria riding behind the captain of the party down the Mackenzie river. Mr. Laphan settled in Willamette valley and passed away in Dayton, Washington in 1901 at the age of ninety years. The older daughter died soon after reaching the family's destination but the younger, as before stated, became the wife of Mr. Lewis and is still living in Dayton. By her marriage she became the mother of six children, but only two daughters are now living: Mrs. Wilson McBride and Mrs. John A. McCauley, both of Columbia county.

Mr. Lewis is a strong advocate of republican principles and supports the candidates of that party by his ballot. He served as county commissioner from 1888 to 1892 and in 1906 was appointed to the board to fill out eighteen months of an unexpired term. Practically the entire story of the development of the northwest is a matter of personal knowledge to him, for when he accompanied his parents to Oregon the city of Portland had not been thought of and there were no settlements in the valley with the exception of Oregon City and a trading post at Salem. He has taken great pleasure in watching the marvelous changes that have since occurred and is confident that a still greater future is in store for this section. At all times his attitude has been that of a public-spirited citizen willing to subordinate private interests to the general good and performing faithfully all the duties devolving upon him. Both he and his wife have hosts of friends in Dayton and throughout Columbia county, and the leisure which they are enjoying is well merited.

LAWRENCE O. McINROE.

Lawrence O. McInroe is the owner of one of the well improved farms of Walla Walla county, his place being situated on section 34, township 8 north, range 36 east, where he has four hundred and forty-two acres of rich and valuable land. He is one of the native sons of the county, his birth having occurred within its borders December 29, 1874. His parents were James and Cordelia (Nelson) McInroe, the former a native of the state of New York, while the latter was born in Iowa, where their marriage was celebrated. The father crossed the plains in the year 1852, assisting Mr. Sharpstein in bringing a herd of horses across the country. He remained for some time but afterward returned to Iowa and it was subsequent to that event that he was married. The spell of the west, however, was upon him and soon after his marriage he brought his bride to Walla Walla county. Here he took up a homestead and later he purchased more land, becoming actively and prominently identified with agricultural interests. Adding to his possessions from time to time, he was at his death the owner of eight hundred and eighty acres of valuable wheat land and was numbered among the prosperous farmers of this section of the state. Both he and his wife died in this county. In their family were but two sons, the younger being Frank, who now resides southeast of Walla Walla.

Lawrence O. McInroe was reared and educated in the county where he still resides, supplementing his public school course by study in a business college. After attaining his majority he began farming on his own account on the land which he now owns. He had been reared to the occupation of farming and had early become familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. He has always kept in close touch with the trend of modern progress along agricultural lines and his valuable farm property of four hundred and forty-two acres indicates his careful supervision and his progressive methods. He has added splendid buildings to his place and all modern equipments and improvements. He makes a specialty of raising wheat, to which the soil is splendidly adapted, and he is also successfully engaged in stock raising, keeping high grade cattle, horses and hogs upon his farm.

In 1902 Mr. McInroe was united in marriage to Miss Zenna Buroker, a native of Walla Walla county and a daughter of William and May (Gallaher) Buroker. Mr. McInroe belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and his wife is connected with the Rebekahs. He is also a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party but he has never sought nor desired office. He and his wife attend the Presbyterian church and they are widely and favorably known in the community where they reside. Since starting out in the business world he has made steady progress. His industry and perseverance are among his salient characteristics and upon these qualities he has builded his success. He is not only progressive in all that he undertakes but is thoroughly reliable and his business integrity stands as an unquestioned fact in his career.

SAMUEL WALTERS.

Samuel Walters, a well known merchant and assistant postmaster of Starbuck, Washington, was born in Australia on the 24th of May, 1869, his parents being John T. and Elizabeth (Neil) Walters. His father was a native of Pennsylvania but in 1853 went to Australia, where he was married, the mother being of Scotch descent but born in Australia. They continued to reside in that country until 1871 when they came to the United States and took up their abode in Iowa, where they made their home for nine years. In 1880 they arrived in Walla Walla county, Washington, but after living here for about three years removed to Whitman county and later to Stevens county, where their last days were passed. To them were born eight children and six of the number still survive.

Samuel Walters was only two years of age when his father returned to America, bringing with him his family, and the son was principally educated in the common and high schools of Whitman county, Washington. After putting aside his textbooks he entered the service of a railroad company and continued in that line of work for six years. In 1910 he came to Starbuck and has since engaged in mercantile pursuits, carrying on business under the name of the Starbuck Trading Company, of which he is secretary and treasurer. He is a progressive, energetic business man of sound judgment and keen discrimination.

Mr. Walters was married in 1908 to Miss Alberta Gerking, of Waitsburg, Washington, and to them has been born a daughter, Elizabeth. Mrs. Walters is a member of the Episcopal church, and Mr. Walters is identified with the Woodmen of the World and the Masonic fraternity, holding membership in Lodge No. 106, A. F. & A. M., in which he has filled all the chairs. The democratic party finds in him a stanch supporter of its principles and he is now serving as chairman of his precinct. For the past five years he has served as city treasurer of Starbuck and is also filling the position of assistant postmaster. No trust reposed in him has ever been betrayed in the slightest degree and he well merits the confidence of his fellow citizens.

JOHN BLESSINGER.

For more than forty-two years John Blessinger was a resident of Columbia county and was one of its most esteemed citizens, manifesting throughout his entire life those sterling traits of character which in every land and clime awaken confidence and regard. He was born in Pennsylvania on the 8th of March, 1838, and when he was but a young child accompanied his parents on their removal to Hancock county, Indiana. It was there that he was reared to early manhood and in the common schools of that locality he acquired his education. About 1859, however, he left the middle west and made his way to the Pacific coast, settling in the Willamette valley near Salem, Oregon. During the following ten years or more he devoted his attention to mining and then came northward to Washington, arriving in Dayton on the 1st of November, 1872. This section was then a largely undeveloped and unimproved district. He purchased land and turned his attention to farming, his home ranch being located about five miles east of Dayton. It comprised six hundred and forty acres of rich and productive land and he developed it into one of the most valuable wheat farms of Columbia county. The soil is splendidly adapted to the production of that crop and Mr. Blessinger's methods were at once practical and progressive. In addition to that property he owned other land and was classed among the county's most successful and enterprising farmers. His labors brought splendid results and his methods constituted the last word in progressive agriculture. About 1900 he removed to Dayton, turning over the operation of his farm to his sons, and he then became one of the organizers of the Broughton National Bank, of which he was made a member of the board of directors.

On the 21st of April, 1872, Mr. Blessinger was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Byrd, of Marion county, Oregon, a daughter of Luther Byrd, who crossed the plains with ox teams from Arkansas to Oregon in 1854 or 1855. He took up his abode in Marion county, that state, and there engaged in farming to the time of his death. Mr. and Mrs. Blessinger became the parents of seven children, five of whom survive, as follows: John B., who follows farming in Columbia county, Washington; Albert E., who is an agriculturist of Columbia county and resides in Dayton; Myrtle, at home; Leo, who is engaged in farming in Columbia county; and Fred, who operates the home place.

Mrs. Blessinger resides in a comfortable home in Dayton, her husband having left her in easy financial circumstances. She is a devoted member of the Congregational church and her aid and influence are always given on the side of reform and progress. She is a member of the Halpine Society and is also a member of the Red Cross Society. She is a lady of culture and refinement and is constantly extending a helping hand where aid is needed, taking a most active part in charitable work. Mr. Blessinger was numbered among the esteemed citizens of Dayton, being a man of sterling character, and when death called him the deepest regret was felt throughout the community in which he lived.

HENRY F. WATROUS.

Prominent among the self-made men of Columbia county is Henry F. Watrous, whose life has been principally devoted to agricultural pursuits, and success has attended his well directed efforts. He was born in Green county, Wisconsin, January 26, 1848, his parents being Levi W. and Elmira (Fish) Watrous, natives of Canada and Ohio, respectively. On leaving the Dominion the father removed to Wisconsin, where he was married and where he continued to make his home until 1850. The following five years were spent in Iowa but at the end of that time he went to Minnesota, where he lived for the same length of time. He then returned to Iowa and in 1875 came to Washington, settling in Old Walla Walla county. He took up a soldier's claim of one hundred and sixty acres a mile and a half from Dayton and built thereon a box house, making his home upon that place until the required improvements were made; he then sold the farm and brought his family here. There were eleven children and nine of the number are still living.

During his boyhood Henry F. Watrous accompanied his parents on their various removals but was principally reared and educated in Iowa, attending the common schools there. At an early age he began earning his own livelihood by working as a farm hand at seventeen dollars per month and was thus employed for two years, during which time he saved enough money to come west. It was in 1871 that he crossed the continent to Salt Lake City, which was then the terminus of the railroad, and from there continued his journey on horseback in company with an uncle and his family who rode in a wagon. On reaching Dayton, Washington, he found employment on a farm at four hundred dollars per year and at the end of that time was able to send for his father. After the latter's arrival they contracted to purchase a sawmill near the mouth of Jim creek, agreeing to pay for the plant with lumber, which was the principal medium of exchange in those days. Whenever enough clear lumber had been cut to warrant a trip to Walla Walla, Henry Watrous would start with a load drawn by oxen and would sell the same for thirty-five to forty dollars per thousand. After operating the mill for four years it was traded for the farm still owned by our subject but he has added to the original tract until he now owns nine hundred and fifty acres of land, all improved and devoted to wheat. Until 1914 he operated his land but has since rented the place and is now living retired in Dayton, where he owns a fine residence. He is a stockholder in a grain warehouse there and is today one of the prosperous citizens of the community.

In 1903 Mr. Watrous married Miss Sadie Williams, a native of Missouri, and although they have no children of their own they have an adopted daughter, Bonnie. Mr. Watrous is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, No. 10, of Dayton, and is a republican in politics. He has efficiently served as a member of the school board but has never had the time nor inclination for office, his business affairs claiming his undivided attention. Although he has met with hardships and difficulties in his career he has overcome these by persistent effort and is today one of the substantial citizens of his community, his success being the just reward of his industry and good management, for he is a man of excellent business ability and sound judgment.

E. F. DUNLAP.

E. F. Dunlap holds the responsible position of manager of the Dayton plant of the Portland Flouring Mills Company and throughout his entire career has been connected with this corporation, entering its service in the humble capacity of office boy. From that point he has steadily worked his way upward and his orderly progression has brought him to the position which he now occupies and for which he is well qualified, for as the years have gone on he has gained comprehensive and extensive knowledge of the business in all of its phases. He is numbered among the native sons of Oregon, his birth having occurred in Wallowa county, on the 5th of October, 1887, his parents being Robert C. and Mary E. (Pool) Dunlap, both of whom are natives of the Willamette valley of Oregon, their respective parents having been among the earliest settlers of that section of the country. Following their marriage they established their home in Wallowa county, where the father engaged in the live stock business, there remaining until 1898, when he removed to Walla Walla county, Washington. He took up his abode upon a ranch near Prescott and is here engaged in operating a hay and dairy farm, being numbered among the representative agriculturists of this section of the state.

E. F. Dunlap, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, acquired his education in the graded schools and in 1902, when a youth of fifteen, started upon his business career, securing a position as office boy in the plant of the Portland Flouring Mills Company at Prescott, Washington. His fidelity, ability and trustworthiness led to promotion and he was afterward made assistant bookkeeper. In 1908 he was transferred to the Dayton mills as bookkeeper and in 1913 he was returned to Prescott as local manager of the plant. On the 1st of May, 1917, he was again sent to Dayton as manager of the mills, in which capacity he is now serving and as the controlling factor in the operation of the plant here he is doing splendid work for the company. The latest processes of flour manufacture are utilized here and the plant is splendidly equipped, while the standard of excellence is ever fully maintained.

In 1913 Mr. Dunlap was united in marriage to Miss Susan Weatherford, a daughter of F. M. Weatherford, of whom extended mention is made elsewhere in this work. In his political views Mr. Dunlap maintains an independent attitude with republican tendencies. He belongs to Alki Lodge, No. 136, I. O. O. F., and also to Whetstone Lodge, No. 157, K. P., of Prescott. He is one of Dayton's representative and progressive men. Almost his entire life has been passed in Washington and the spirit of western enterprise finds exemplification in his career and has gained for him a substantial measure of success.

W. H. STONECIPHER.

W. H. Stonecipher, who follows farming on section 10, township 8 north, range 37 east, in Walla Walla county, is a representative business man whose wise use of time and opportunities has gained for him a place among the prosperous agriculturists of this part of the state. He had no assistance at the outset of his career and whatever he has achieved and enjoyed is the direct result of his own labors. He came to the Pacific coast country from the middle west, his birth having occurred in Washington county, Illinois, December 29, 1869, his parents being James A. and Margaret (Breeze) Stonecipher. The father was a native of Indiana but removed to Jefferson county, Illinois, with his parents when but two years of age and it was in the latter county that the mother was born and reared. They were there married and the father subsequently purchased a farm just over the county line in Washington county, where he lived until his seventieth year, when he returned to Jefferson county, taking up his abode in the town of Cravat, where he lived retired in the enjoyment of well earned rest up to the time of his demise.

W. H. Stonecipher acquired a limited education in the district schools near his father's farm and through the period of his boyhood and youth aided in the work of the fields, early becoming familiar with all of the arduous tasks incident to the development and cultivation of the crops. After reaching his twenty-first year, or in the spring of 1891, he came to the west with Washington as his destination. He arrived in Waitsburg on the 13th of March and during the following summer worked for wages as a farm hand. In 1892 he went into the Palouse country and there prospected for a desirable location. Not finding anything to suit him, however, he returned to Walla Walla county and through the succeeding five years was again employed by others. In 1896 he made his first purchase of land, becoming the owner of a forty-acre tract. Not long afterward he acquired eighty acres additional and two years later he bought one hundred and twenty acres making his farm one of two hundred and forty acres. For some years he not only cultivated this land but also worked for wages for others in order to help pay for his own place. He made use of every spare hour and as a consequence he has prospered. In 1909 he purchased the Electric Farm of five hundred and fifty acres. Prior to this, or in 1907, he had purchased the Boley Robbins farm of four hundred and eighty acres, which he traded in on the Electric Farm in 1909. In 1913 he traded the latter property for seven hundred and thirteen acres adjoining his home place, which thus was extended, becoming a tract of nine hundred and fifty-three acres. It is located in the heart of the Spring valley district, the richest wheat growing belt of Walla Walla county. Mr. Stonecipher not only successfully cultivates this land but for the past fourteen years he has also rented and farmed the T. P. Ingall's place of seven hundred and four acres. This property he purchased in December, 1917, and he therefore now owns one thousand six hundred and fifty-seven acres, his interests being most extensive, so that he is ranked with the leading agriculturists of Walla Walla county. He has closely studied soil and climatic conditions, so that he is thoroughly acquainted with what can be done in the way of crop production here. His methods are most progressive, his business affairs are systematically handled and in all things he displays sound judgment as well as unfaltering enterprise.

In 1895 Mr. Stonecipher was united in marriage to Miss Alta Winifred Gerking, a daughter of D. B. Gerking, who was one of the pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county and now resides in Rose Lake, Idaho. Mr. and Mrs. Stonecipher have become the parents of six children, three sons and three daughters, as follows: Lola M., the wife of O. Glen Conover, who is in the service of his father-in-law; Grace H., who attended the Washington State College for two years and is now pursuing her studies in the State Normal School at Ellensburg; James D., who is in his senior year in the Waitsburg high school; M. Blanche, a public school pupil; Harvey V.; and Chester B. On December 23, 1917, a baby daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Glen Conover, the first granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. Stonecipher.

Mr. Stonecipher gives his political endorsement to the republican party. He has served as a member of the school board for twenty years and his wife is now a member of that board. Fraternally he is connected with Waitsburg Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F., and with the Woodmen of the World and is true and loyal to the teachings of these organizations, which recognize man's obligations to his fellowmen. At different points in his career difficulties and obstacles have barred his path and he has had many hardships to overcome, but persistent energy has enabled him to work his way upward and his life proves the eternal principle that industry wins. His course may well be followed by others who desire to attain honorable success, and although he started out in life empty-handed, he is now the possessor of a very handsome competence and has worthily won the proud American title of a "self-made man."

WILLIAM P. FISHER.

William P. Fisher is an enterprising farmer of Walla Walla county, residing on section 27, Small township, where he owns and cultivates a valuable tract of land embracing eighty acres. His birth occurred in Ohio an the 6th of October, 1860, his parents being Joseph and Lydia E. (Dyke) Fisher, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. They were married in the Buckeye state and a number of years later removed to Kansas, where the father passed away and where the mother still makes her home. They became the parents of five children, all of whom are living.

William P. Fisher was a lad of twelve years when the family home was established in Kansas and it was in that state that he acquired his education. In 1900, seeking the broader opportunities of the west, he made his way to the Yakima country and there remained for twelve years. The year 1915 witnessed his arrival in Walla Walla county, Washington, where he has since resided. He purchased eighty acres of land on section 27, Small township, and has improved the property until it is now a valuable and productive tract, annually yielding golden harvests in return for the care and labor which he bestows upon it. He also owns a well improved farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres on the Snake river and has won a place among the substantial and progressive agriculturists of the community.

In 1881 Mr. Fisher was united in marriage to Miss Martha L. Twidwell, born near Peoria, Illinois, and a daughter of A. K. and Mary Ann (Myers) Twidwell, who were also natives of Illinois. Both passed away in Kansas, in which state they had established their home in the early '70s. To Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have been born seven children, as follows: Charles L., who is a farmer of Washington; George L., living at Mabton, this state; Myrtle V., the wife of L. B. Heffron, of Walla Walla; R. B., who is a resident of Grandview, Washington; Nina B., who is the wife of H. P. Mears, of Touchet, Washington; D. O., who is engaged in farming; and W. F., who operates his father's farm. Mr. Fisher gives his political allegiance to the republican party and has ably served as a member of the school board. Both he and his wife are devoted members of the Christian church, taking an active and helpful part in its work. They have an extensive circle of friends throughout the locality and are widely recognized as people of genuine personal worth.

JAMES L. DUMAS.

Among the horticulturists of southeastern Washington who have won prominence in their chosen calling is James L. Dumas, one of the pioneer orchardists of the northwest. He is proprietor of the famous Pomona Fruit Ranch, five miles west of Dayton, Washington, which contains an orchard of one hundred and twenty acres of commercial apples. His home is one of the most beautiful country residences in Columbia county and the place is provided with all city conveniences.

Mr. Dumas was born in Clark county, Missouri, on the 1st of December, 1862, and is a son of Louis P. and Nancy W. (Waggener) Dumas, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Virginia. Both parents died in Missouri, where they made their home for some years, and of the five sons born to them only two are now living.

James L. Dumas grew to manhood in his native state and on leaving there in 1882 came to Washington, where he attended Whitman College for three years. Several years were then devoted to teaching and he subsequently pursued a course in a normal school in New York state, from which he was graduated in 1891. The following year he was sent to the Hawaiian islands to conduct a teachers training school and he remained in that beautiful country for five years.

It was while en route to the Hawaiian islands that Mr. Dumas made a trip through the fruit districts of California and this undoubtedly influenced him to take up horticulture on coming to Washington. Thus originated the Commercial apple industry in the Touchet valley. On his return to this state in 1897 Mr. Dumas purchased his present farm of two hundred and forty acres in Columbia county and he now has about half of that amount in apples, from which he has raised on an average of thirty-four thousand one hundred boxes of apples in the last ten years. In the fall of 1917 he harvested over forty thousand boxes of apples.

In 1888 Mr. Dumas married Miss Fannie J. Storie, a native of New York, in which state her parents, Kennedy and Isabel Storie, both died. Mr. and Mrs. Dumas have four children, namely: Loren F., who is a graduate of the Washington State College; Mabel, a student at the Bellingham Normal School; Alura, who is attending high school; and Edwin, now seven years of age.

Mr. and Mrs. Dumas are members of the Congregational church of Dayton and he is one of its trustees. In politics he is an ardent republican and has served as a delegate to the state conventions of that party. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows but his chief interest is in the apple industry and he has taken a very active and prominent part in the work of those organizations designed to promote horticulture. He has served as president of the Washington State Horticultural Society and as such did much to improve the orchards of the northwest. The society never had a more active head or one who took the same impartial interest in all fruit growing districts of this section. He has made two trips to the nation's capital in the interest of the northwestern growers. A lover of the great outdoors, it was but natural that he should be among the first to join the "back-to-the-farm" movement in this country and as a representative of the Washington State Country Life Commission he has addressed thousands of interested people in the northwest. Mr. Dumas is vice president of the Broughton National Bank. He has served on the state board of education and is a member of the American Pomological Society; the Society for the Promotion of Horticultural Science; the National Educational Association; and the American Genetic Society. He has been superintendent of the Dayton schools and the public schools of Pullman and was the honored president of the Washington State Educational Association. In 1915 he was elected one of the five members of the executive board of the American Pomological Society. It will thus be seen that he has been prominently identified with a number of organizations whose object has been to promote the welfare of this region along many lines and he well deserves mention among its most public-spirited and progressive citizens.

R. W. LOUNDAGIN, D. V. M.

Dr. R. W. Loundagin, who is engaged in the practice of veterinary surgery in Waitsburg, was born in Benton, Arkansas, December 28, 1859, a son of George W. and Rhoda J. (Stewart) Loundagin. The father was a native of Tennessee and the mother's birth occurred in Indiana. They removed to Arkansas with their respective parents and were married later in that state. In April, 1861, they left Little Rock, Arkansas, for the Pacific coast country, crossing the plains with ox teams. They were en route for six months and at length arrived in Walla Walla, Washington, about the 1st of October. They camped in the shadow of the fort for three or four weeks, after which Mr. Loundagin rented a small place of forty acres from an old man of the name of Massey. Upon that tract Mr. Loundagin spent the winter and followed farming. In the following summer he purchased a quit claim deed from W. P. Bruce on a quarter section about a mile and a half south of Waitsburg. This was in the Coppei valley. He paid Mr. Bruce two thousand dollars to move off the claim and Mr. Loundagin filed on the property as a homestead. In the years following he purchased land adjoining and continued to add to his possessions until his holdings comprised one thousand acres, constituting one of the most valuable wheat farms in Walla Walla county. He also owned other lands throughout the county, his holdings amounting together between four and five thousand acres. He was one of the first men to demonstrate that wheat could be successfully grown on the hills and uplands, and in proving this fact he contributed much to the development and prosperity of the county, as many followed his example and now the Walla Walla wheat belt is famous throughout the country. Mr. Loundagin continued to reside upon the old home farm up to within seven years of his death, when he removed to Waitsburg, turning over the operations of his farm to a son. He passed away about 1910, having for five years survived his wife. In their deaths the county lost two of its representative and valued pioneer people.

R. W. Loundagin was only about two years of age when brought by his family to the northwest. He acquired a district school education and through the period of his boyhood and youth worked with his father, to whom he continued to render active assistance until 1883. He then embarked in business on his own account, purchasing a livery stable in Waitsburg. The following year, however, he sold that property and again resumed active connection with agricultural interests, purchasing four hundred and eighty acres of railroad land two and a half miles north of Bolles Junction, for which he paid five dollars per acre. He lived upon that farm and kept bachelor's hall for eighteen years, after which he sold the property at ten dollars per acre, which was all that he could get at that time. Recently, however, the farm sold for seventy dollars per acre. While residing upon that tract of land Mr. Loundagin purchased one hundred and sixty acres in Columbia county, in the Hog Eye valley, four and a half miles east of Waitsburg. Most of that land is devoted to alfalfa and is very valuable. Mr. Loundagin still owns that farm property and from it derives a gratifying annual income.

From his youth Dr. Loundagin was deeply interested in horses, and by reason of the successful manner in which he treated his own horses when they needed medical attention, he was called upon to treat his neighbors' horses. As these calls became more frequent he began to read and study recognized works on veterinary surgery, including such authorities as Professor Fleming, A. H. Baker, Professor James A. Lawe, A. C. Copeland and others. His practice in time became a very large one and today he is classed among the ablest veterinary surgeons in southeastern Washington. In 1909 he built a modern veterinary hospital, which was the first private institution of this kind built in the state. It proved a financial success and his practice has continuously and successfully increased to the present time.

In 1902 Dr. Loundagin was married to Miss Albertina Smith, of Hanford, California. He votes with the democratic party and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He has never been an office seeker. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Christian church and are loyal to its teachings and its principles. His life has been an active and useful one and he has made steady progress in the field of his chosen profession and his other fields of endeavor, and his ability, industry and thoroughness have brought him a substantial measure of success.

OSCAR E. KING.

Farming interests in Columbia county find a worthy representative in Oscar E. King, a well known agriculturist who owns and cultivates a valuable property on section 9, township 11 north, range 40 east. He was born on the farm where he now resides, February 15, 1871, his parents being William B. and Elizabeth (Cantonwine) King, the former a native of Indiana, while the latter was born in Iowa. The father crossed the plains to the Pacific coast as a young man, making his way to California in 1852. There he was employed for a time in survey work and subsequently he conducted the Woodville House, a well known hostelry situated on the Rabbit Creek road, about forty miles from Marysville, California. In 1855 he returned to the east by way of the Isthmus route, but the lure of the west was upon him and again by way of the Isthmus route he made his way to the Pacific coast. In those days hay was worth eighty dollars per ton and Mr. King brought with him six hundred pounds of Hungarian grass seed, expecting to make a small fortune in the growing of hay. The following season, however was one of drought and, failing to raise a crop, his funds were exhausted in the venture and his season's work amounted to naught. In 1862 he came to Walla Walla county, arriving in the city of Walla Walla on the 4th of July. He then went up into the Idaho mines, but not meeting with success, he retracted his steps and spent the winter in Oregon. In the spring of 1863 he again came to Walla Walla and the following spring took a sub-contract under Captain Mullen to carry the mail from Walla Walla to Colville. He took the mail on horseback and remained as mail carrier for two years and nine months. His employer, Captain Mullen, becoming involved in financial difficulties, Mr. King was unable to collect a cent for his services for the entire period. Later he secured the mail contract direct from the government and operated a stage line from Walla Walla to Lewiston for four years. In 1867 he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, purchasing his farm on the Tucanon river in Columbia county, and in 1868 he settled upon his land, while at the same time he continued to operate his stage line with hired help. He was thus closely and prominently associated with the work of early development and improvement in this section of the northwest. His wife had crossed the plains with her parents in 1863, the family having as their outfit both ox and mule teams. Mrs. King was then a young girl in her teens and drove the mule team throughout the entire journey across the plains. The Cantonwine family spent the winter of 1863-4 in the Willamette valley of Oregon and in the spring of the latter year came to Washington, where they took up a homestead near the present site of Dixie, and later Mr. Cantonwine built the first hotel in Waitsburg, his daughter, Mrs. King, acting as cook for the few boarders who patronized the house in that early period. After locating on his farm William B. King took up a homestead of one hundred and sixty acres adjoining his original place and in subsequent years he and his sons in partnership bought other farm lands until their holdings approximated two thousand acres. Mr. King was thus actively, prominently and successfully identified with the agricultural development of the county until his death, which occurred April 12, 1911. His widow survived him for but a brief period, passing away on the 11th of March, 1912. In their family were four sons and three daughters who are yet living, as follows: Harry and Edwin S., well known farmers of Columbia county, Washington; Oscar E., of this review; Silas L., a resident of Pomeroy, Washington; Zorah I., who is the widow of R. A. Jackson and resides in Dayton; Alice, who gave her hand in marriage to Henry Delaney, a farmer of Columbia county; and Frankie G., the wife of A. P. Cahill, who is a banker of Dayton, Washington.

Oscar E. King pursued his early education in the country schools and supplemented it by a business course in the Portland Business College. After reaching adult age he joined his brothers and his father in their extensive farming operations, and following the father's death the sons continued to cooperate in their farming enterprises until 1915, when the partnership was dissolved and a division of their holdings was made. Oscar E. King now owns five hundred and fifty-six acres of valuable land and is one of the substantial farmers of the Tucanon valley. His business affairs have been carefully managed and directed and his unfaltering enterprise and unremitting diligence have brought to him a substantial measure of success. In his political views he is an earnest republican but has never been an office seeker, and he is widely known as one of the influential citizens of Columbia county.

B. F. BREWER.

B. F. Brewer is one of the most prominent farmers of Walla Walla county, living on township 6, range 36 east. He is the president of the Farmers Union and occupies a foremost position as a representative of that progressiveness which has largely revolutionized farming methods in the past quarter of a century. Moreover, his labors have demonstrated the possibilities of this section for agricultural development and have contributed much to the wealth of the district.

Mr. Brewer was born November 2, 1879, on the farm where he now lives, a son of John F. Brewer, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work. He was reared on the old homestead and pursued a public school education, attending the high schools of Walla Walla and Seattle, while later he became a student in the State Agricultural College at Pullman. Following the completion of his course he entered the First National Bank of Walla Walla as bookkeeper and for four years was identified with that institution. Upon his father's death he took charge of the home farm and has since operated it. He is now cultivating this place of five hundred and twenty acres and he and his mother own conjointly a farm of seventeen hundred and eighty acres, which they purchased in 1908. His farming interests are thus extensive and are conducted according to the most progressive methods. He has the latest improved machinery to facilitate the work of the fields and he understands the scientific principles that underlie all of his activities. In his work, however, it is definitely seen that he is a man of action rather than of theory and sound judgment directing his labors, has brought splendid results.

On May 25, 1904, Mr. Brewer was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Chew, a daughter of H. C. Chew, one of the pioneer nurserymen of Walla Walla county, now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Brewer have been born two children but only one is living, Mary Charlotte.

Mr. and Mrs. Brewer are worthy Christian people whose belief actuates them in all life's relations. Mr. Brewer belongs to the Presbyterian church, while his wife is a member of the First Methodist church. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party and he is thoroughly informed concerning the issues and questions of the day but has never taken an active part in party work. He has served as secretary of the Farmers Union and during the past two years has been president of the organization. When the Farmers Agency was established he was made its first manager and served in that important capacity for three years, but his private interests demanded his entire attention and he therefore resigned his position. He does everything in his power to promote the welfare and interests of the agriculturist and in all that he does is actuated by a spirit of enterprise that produces splendid results. He is a man of sound business judgment, sagacious and farsighted, and his well defined plans are carried forward to successful completion.

WILLIAM GOODYEAR.

William Goodyear, a prosperous business man of Starbuck, dealing in wood and coal, was born on the 11th of March, 1853, in Canada, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Hynes) Goodyear, the former a native of England and the latter of Ireland. On crossing the Atlantic to the new world in 1833 they settled on a farm in Canada and continued to make it their home until their deaths. They had a family of ten children of whom seven survive.

Reared in the Dominion, William Goodyear is indebted to its schools for the education he enjoyed during his boyhood and youth. On leaving home in 1870 he went to Fort Scott, Kansas, where he spent a short time, but later in the same year crossed the plains, driving four cows to a covered wagon. On reaching Salt Lake City he hired out to a Mormon bishop, and subsequently he went to Idaho, where he was interested in a sawmill for twelve years. In 1883 Mr. Goodyear came to Old Walla Walla county, Washington, and for two years drove cattle from here to Cheyenne, Wyoming. Later he bought and sold horses and also engaged in farming until 1903, when he sold out and removed to Starbuck, which has since been his home. He owns considerable property in the village, being extensively engaged in the real estate business, and also deals in wood and coal.

Mr. Goodyear was married in 1902 to Miss Emma Woods, a native of Missouri, and having no children of their own they are now rearing a boy, Richard H. Wellman by name who is a grand nephew of Mrs. Goodyear.

Mrs. Goodyear is serving as postmistress of Starbuck and is a lady of more than ordinary business ability. She is a member of the Eastern Star and Mr. Goodyear holds membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He has filled all the chairs in his lodge and is a stanch democrat in politics. Since coming to the United States he has steadily prospered in his business undertakings until he has become one of the well-to-do citizens of his community and the success that has come to him is due entirely to his own well directed efforts.

W. E. McKINNEY.

W. E. McKinney, the well known proprietor of the McKinney Auto Company of Waitsburg, was born in Walla Walla county, about a mile from Waitsburg, on the 6th of April, 1868. His father, William McKinney, is a retired farmer living in Waitsburg. He was one of the early pioneer settlers of the northwest country and through many years was closely and prominently associated with the agricultural development and the upbuilding of this section. He was born in Warren county, Indiana, May 5, 1836, and is a son of William and Ann (Walter) McKinney, who crossed the plains with ox teams to Oregon in 1845. On their arrival in that state they settled in Washington county, near Hillsboro, and their later years were spent in Oregon. Their son, William McKinney, was a lad of but nine years at the time they crossed the plains and thus he was reared on the western frontier and early became familiar with all of the experiences, hardships and privations which fall to the lot of the pioneer settler. In 1855-6 he served as a member of Company A under Colonel Kelly and later under Colonel Cornelius in the Indian war. He spent the winter of those two years in Walla Walla, which was then a far western frontier fort. In 1856 he returned to Oregon and was employed on his father's farm until 1858, when he made his way up to The Dalles with the intention of going on to Walla Walla in order to homestead in that locality. He was told, however, that the country was not yet open for settlement and he therefore returned to the vicinity of Portland, Oregon, where he spent the winter. The following spring he made his way northward as a member of the state boundary survey as government packer and in the fall of 1859 he came to Walla Walla county to locate and has since resided in this section of the state. In 1864 he filed on a homestead on the Touchet river, one mile below Waitsburg, and there continued to live for more than a quarter of a century. He also took up a timber claim and he purchased adjoining land, so that his ranch became one of five hundred and fifty-two and one-half acres. This property he still owns. In 1890, however, he removed to Waitsburg, where he has a beautiful city residence and is most attractively and comfortably situated.

William McKinney was married on the 14th of December, 1865, to Miss Sarah J. Paulson, who crossed the plains in 1864. They became the parents of four children, as follows: Frank P., who is a banker residing in Olympia, Washington; William E., of this review; Thomas V., who operates his father's farm; and Emma, at home. William McKinney is a democrat in his political views. Late in the '70s or early '80s he was a candidate, through the insistence of his friends, for the office of county commissioner, and while the county was almost two to one republican, he was defeated by only twenty-five votes, a fact which indicated his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him. He is held in the highest esteem wherever known and ranks with the honored old pioneer settlers of Walla Walla county. In 1914 he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, who passed away on the 20th of August of that year.

Their son, William E. McKinney, was educated in the Waitsburg public schools and also attended the Waitsburg Academy. On reaching manhood he became the active assistant of his father in important farming enterprises, and upon his father's removal to Waitsburg a year or two later, W. E. McKinney took charge of the home place, which he cultivated for twelve or thirteen years. He then assumed the management of the old Lewis Neace farm of twelve hundred or thirteen hundred acres and he also leased twelve hundred acres more, so that he operated in all twenty-four hundred acres of land. This he continued to do until September, 1916, when he retired from farming and engaged in the automobile business, purchasing the Dickinson & Denney garage, which is the largest garage of Waitsburg. He has the agency for the Velie and Buick cars and is one of the leading automobile dealers of the county, having built up a business of large and important proportions.

In 1891 Mr. McKinney was united in marriage to Miss Lelia Brown, a daughter of Mrs. Jennie Brown, of Lincoln county, Washington. To them have been born three children, one son and two daughters, as follows: William E., who is a member of the United States navy; Mrs. John Rhinehart, of Waitsburg; and Imogen, who gave her hand in marriage to Guy McLaughlin, of Waitsburg.

Mr. McKinney has always voted with the democratic party but has never been a candidate for office. Fraternally he is connected with Delta Lodge, No. 70, K. P., and also with the Ancient Order of United Workmen. His position as a business man ranks him with the leading representatives of automobile interests in his section of the state and he is classed with the foremost citizens of Walla Walla county. He is alert and energetic and is watchful of every opportunity that points to a possible development of his business. His sale of motor cars has reached a substantial figure, while in the repair department he also does a business of gratifying extent.

JOHN C. NEACE.

No student of the history of Columbia county can carry his investigations far without learning of the important part which the Neace family has taken in the agricultural development of this section of the country. John C. Neace is now extensively and successfully engaged in general agricultural pursuits, having fifteen hundred and thirty-two acres of land in Columbia county. He was born on the Tucanon, in what is now Columbia county, July 14, 1865, a son of Louis Neace, of whom extended mention is made elsewhere in this work. After acquiring a public school education he continued his studies in the schools of Forest Grove, Oregon, where he had as an instructor Professor W. D. Lyman. On reaching manhood he became associated with J. H. Marrow, of Waitsburg, in the mercantile business, under the firm name of J. H. Marrow & Company, and remained in that connection until 1895, when Mr. Neace and T. M. Hanger bought out the interest of Mr. Marrow in the business and thus formed the firm of Neace, Hanger & Company. Mr. Neace was thereafter identified with commercial interests until 1897, when he sold out and in 1898 went to Montana, where he and his brothers, together with their father, formed the Neace Cattle Company and engaged extensively in raising cattle in that state. John C. Neace remained in Montana until May, 1916, when he returned to Columbia county. The Neace Cattle Company owns twenty thousand acres of land in Montana and John C. Neace individually owns fifteen hundred and thirty-two acres in a body in Columbia county, where he now resides. This land is being operated by his son, Donald D.

On the 8th of April, 1888, Mr. Neace was united in marriage to Miss India A. Denney, of Waitsburg, a daughter of Nathaniel B. and Priscilla (Hawk) Denney. The father first crossed the plains to Washington in 1861 and subsequently returned to Iowa, but in 1870 he again came to this state, making the journey across the plains from Iowa in company with his family. Mr. and Mrs. Neace are the parents of a daughter and son: Mildred L., who is the wife of Dr. A. T. Gilhus, of White Sulphur Springs, Montana; and Donald D., who is operating the home farm.

In politics Mr. Neace maintains an independent course, voting for men and measures rather than party. He belongs to Waitsburg Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M., and is a loyal Mason. He has always been closely connected with Columbia county even during the period of his residence in Montana and is widely known as one of its progressive agriculturists. His business methods constitute the last word in modern farming, and undeterred by any obstacles or difficulties which he may meet, he pushes his way steadily forward to success.

J. G. BRUNTON.

J. G. Brunton, a well known and successful farmer residing an section 20, township 8 north, range 38 east, Walla Walla county, was born in that township on the 23d of January, 1881. His parents, W. H. H. and Sarah A. (Lewis) Brunton, are mentioned at length elsewhere in this work. He received his education in the Fix district schools and at Whitman Academy, which he attended for three or four terms. He was a young man of twenty years at the time of his father's death and a year later he left school and turned his attention to farming. In 1903 he filed upon a homestead in Franklin county, but in 1904 he commuted his claim and returned to the home farm. He has since operated about three hundred acres of the land owned by the estate and one hundred and ten acres adjoining, and the large crops which he annually raises are proof of his industry and his practical knowledge of agriculture. He still owns valuable property in Walla Walla which he obtained in trade for his homestead, and he has already gained a competence although still a young man. He gives the most careful attention to whatever task he has in hand and this habit of concentration has been an important factor in his success.

In June, 1913, Mr. Brunton was united in marriage to Miss Geneva Eldridge, a daughter of Hon. H. D. Eldridge, a prominent farmer and influential citizen of Walla Walla county, a biography of whom appears on another page in these volumes. One son, William Eldridge, has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brunton.

Mr. Brunton is a republican in politics and is loyal in his support of its candidates and measures. His fraternal connections are with Walla Walla Lodge, No. 287, B. P. O. E., and with Mountain Gem Lodge, No. 136, K. P. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church and the highest moral standards have ever guided their lives. They have a wide acquaintance and are universally held in high esteem.

HIRAM M. HOOVER.

Hiram M. Hoover, who has lived retired in Waitsburg since 1911, was long and actively identified with agricultural pursuits in Walla Walla county and is still the owner of four hundred and eighty acres of valuable land. His birth occurred in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of July, 1853, his parents being Myers and Ann (Royer) Hoover, who spent their entire lives in that county, where the father followed farming throughout his active business career.

Hiram M. Hoover was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the public schools. When a young man of twenty years he left home to provide for his own support and, making his way to Ohio, worked as a farm hand in Wayne county, that state, for four years. On the expiration of that period he removed to Iowa, in which state he spent three years, and in 1880 he journeyed westward to San Francisco, California, where he hired out to a surveying party, with which he worked in southern Nevada for six months. He then returned to California and worked in the harvest fields of the Sacramento valley, while later he engaged in salmon fishing. In the fall of 1881 he returned to his native state, taking ship from San Francisco to the Isthmus of Panama, which voyage consumed twenty-one days, and crossing the Isthmus by railroad along the route of the present canal and then boarding a steamer which reached New York city at the end of seven days. After a few months spent at his home he returned to San Francisco, California, in the spring of 1882 and there remained throughout the following summer. He then sailed for Puget Sound, locating in Whatcom county, Washington, where he took up a homestead and continued to reside until the summer of 1885. That year witnessed his arrival in Walla Walla county and his settlement in Waitsburg, where he has made his home almost continuously since. He cultivated rented land during the first four years of his residence here and then purchased a tract of one hundred and sixty acres about two miles northeast of Waitsburg, over the county line, in Columbia county. Since that date, as his financial resources have increased owing to his well directed activity and able management, he has added to his holdings by additional purchase from time to time until at present he owns four hundred and eighty acres. The cultivation of this property claimed his attention and energies until 1911, when he put aside the active work of the fields and has since rented the place to a tenant. He is a stockholder in the Exchange Bank of Waitsburg and has long been numbered among the leading and substantial citizens of that place.

In 1886 Mr. Hoover was united in marriage to Miss Eva I. Loundagin, a sister of Dr. R. W. Loundagin, of Waitsburg, and the daughter of G. W. Loundagin, who came to Walla Walla county as a pioneer in 1861. Mr. and Mrs. Hoover became the parents of six children, three of whom survive, namely: Anna L., who is her father's housekeeper; Elam H., a ranchman, residing in Carter, Montana; and Emory M., who is a second lieutenant in the United States army and is now stationed at Douglas, Arizona. The wife and mother was called to her final rest in August, 1912, and her demise was deeply mourned by her immediate family as well as by an extensive circle of friends. Mr. Hoover gives his political allegiance to the republican party, while his religious faith is that of the Christian church, in which he holds membership. The period of his residence in Walla Walla county covers more than three decades and he has won a place among its esteemed and representative citizens.

W. H. WOOD.

More than a century ago George Washington said, "Agriculture is the most useful as well as the most honorable occupation of man." Its worth as the basis of all other business prosperity has been continuously demonstrated since the world began, and at no time has its usefulness been greater than at this era in the world's history, when all civilization is facing a crisis. The work of the farmer is indeed of the utmost worth and to this occupation W. H. Wood is devoting his time and energies with good results. He was born in Alvorado, Texas, on the 29th of April, 1880, and is a son of Daniel J. and Alice E. (Scott) Wood, both of whom are natives of Illinois, where they were reared and married. Soon afterward they went to Texas, where the father engaged in cotton growing, remaining in the Lone Star state for a year and a half. He was urged by his neighbors to remain for another year, being told that if he would stay for that length of time he would never desire to leave. His answer was that he was well aware of the fact that if he remained for another year he would not have money enough to get out, so turning his back upon Texas, he went again to Illinois, where he continued through the winter. In the spring of 1881 he started for the west, hoping to find more favorable conditions in this section of the country. He made Washington his destination and after crossing plains and mountains he took up his abode in Columbia county, where he secured a homestead in Smith Hollow. There he still resides, having long been numbered among the substantial farmers of that section of the state.

W. H. Wood was reared under the parental roof, being only about a year old when brought by his parents to the northwest. He became familiar with every phase of pioneer life in this section of Washington and has lived to witness the remarkable growth and development that has occurred in the intervening years. He acquired his education in the district schools and at the age of eighteen he started out independently in the business world by leasing one hundred and sixty acres of land, on which he began farming. He sold his wheat at thirty-eight cents per bushel and realized three hundred dollars profit from his crop. He continued to carry on farming on his own account and carefully saved his earnings until his industry and economy had brought him sufficient capital to enable him to purchase, in 1902, his first land. He invested in one hundred and sixty acres, the purchase price of which was one thousand dollars. He borrowed much of the money with which to pay for his farm and thus made his start toward success. He continued to practice the most rigid economy and the most unfaltering industry and within three years he had cleared his ranch of all indebtedness. From that time forward he made it his purpose to add to his holdings whenever favorable opportunity offered and today he owns and cultivates four hundred and fifty-seven acres and also leases another tract of four hundred and eighty acres, and is now extensively engaged in farming in Thorn Hollow. He has brought his land under high cultivation, has added many improvements to the place and thereon are found all the accessories, conveniences and modern equipment of a model farm. In addition to his agricultural interests Mr. Wood is a stockholder in the Dayton Mercantile Company. Opportunity is to him ever a call to action and a call to which he readily responds.

In 1902 Mr. Wood was united in marriage to Miss Maud McCall, a daughter of Charles T. McCall, one of the early settlers of Columbia county, who now makes his home in Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Wood have two children, Daniel W. and Walter H.

In his political views Mr. Wood is a republican and always votes for the men and measures of the party but has never been an office seeker. He prefers to concentrate his thought and attention upon his business affairs. He is a man of strong purpose whose plans are well defined and he displays resourcefulness in accomplishing any object for which he starts out. Practically a lifelong resident of Washington, there is no phase of its development through three decades with which he is not familiar and as a farmer he has contributed much to the agricultural progress of this section of the state.

JOHN F. MARTIN.

John F. Martin, one of the leading stock raisers of Walla Walla county, is living on section 3, township 6 north, range 33 east, where he has a valuable tract of land of three hundred and thirty acres. His business affairs are wisely directed and his efforts have done much to raise the standard of stock raising in this section of the state.

From early pioneer times Mr. Martin has resided within the borders of Washington. In fact he is one of the native sons, having been born in Thurston county on the 1st of May, 1858. His parents are William and Ann E. (Yantis) Martin, the former a native of Indiana, while the latter was born in Missouri. They crossed the plains to the northwest in 1852 and settled first in Thurston county but after about two decades established their home in Walla Walla, where they resided until 1901 and where Mr. Martin was engaged in the mercantile business. In 1901 they removed to Touchet.

John F. Martin was reared and educated in this state, becoming a resident of Walla Walla county in 1872, when a youth of fourteen years. In 1883 he removed to Wallula, where he engaged in buying cattle, and in 1900 he purchased his present farm of three hundred and thirty acres, then a tract of pasture and alfalfa land. He has since concentrated his efforts and attention upon its development and improvement and the result of his labors is seen in highly cultivated fields, in well kept fences, in substantial buildings and in the latest improved machinery. He has made a specialty of stock raising and is now engaged extensively in handling Percheron horses, Durham cattle and Oxford sheep. He has closely studied the best methods of caring for stock and is familiar with all of the scientific principles that underlie his work as well as the practical phases of his activities. In addition to his live stock interests Mr. Martin is connected with the Touchet State Bank as one of its directors.

In 1886 Mr. Martin was united in marriage to Miss Belle Tyson, a native of Nebraska, by whom he has six children, namely: Charles W., who is coach at the Pennsylvania State College, which position he has held for four years; Frank J.; May, the wife of H. J. Hanson; Lucy,. who gave her hand in marriage to Wendel Barker, of Walla Walla; Blanche M., a high school graduate; and Pearl.

Fraternally Mr. Martin is connected with the Modern Woodmen of America and with the Eagles. His political allegiance is given to the democratic party. He has served for twelve years on the school board and the cause of education has found in him a faithful friend whose labors have done much to promote educational interests in this section. As a business man he is thoroughly alert and progressive, watchful of every opportunity pointing to success, and his long experience and close study enable him to speak with authority upon all matters relative to stock raising. He has, indeed, won a place of prominence in this connection in Walla Walla county.

WILLIAM G. PRESTON.

William G. Preston, deceased, was for many years a prominent citizen of Waitsburg, where he was engaged in the milling business and was also a large landowner, holding title to three thousand acres. He was born in Galway, Saratoga county, New York, November 23, 1832, a son of Dr. Calvin and Margaret (McAllister) Preston, both of whom spent their entire lives in the Empire state. In their family were four sons and two daughters, all of whom have passed away.

William G. Preston grew to manhood in New York and received his education in Galway Academy. At the age of eighteen he went to live with an uncle, Rev. A. W. Platt, in Tompkins county, New York, where he remained until going to sea in 1852. The following two years were spent upon the water, during which time he visited New Brunswick, New Orleans, Liverpool and many other ports in Great Britain and America, returning to Galway, New York, in 1854. In the fall of that year he made his way west to Nebraska by way of Chicago and Rock Island and down the Mississippi river to St. Louis and then up the Missouri. He located at Bellevue, Nebraska, and became captain of a large ferry boat in 1855, but when Omaha was made the territorial capital the boat was sold to the Council Bluffs & Nebraska Ferry Company and he went with it to Omaha. In 1857 he returned east to Steubenville, Ohio, where he built the Omaha City, a double engine side-wheeler used in carrying freight on the Missouri river. In 1858 he retired from the ferry business and accompanied his brother to Pike's Peak, Colorado, and built one of the finest houses in the present city of Denver. After engaging in mining in that state for two years he went to northern Idaho, which then formed a part of Washington territory. He traveled most of the way by water and crossed Snake river in a wagon box in the vicinity of an old fort situated near the mouth of the Salmon river.

It was in 1866 that Mr. Preston came to Waitsburg, Walla Walla county, and identified himself with the Washington flouring mills and machinery business, which he and his brother, Platt A. Preston, had bought. Under his management these mills became the foremost industry of Waitsburg and the high quality of their product became well known throughout the state. In addition to his milling and mercantile business Mr. Preston was prominent in other lines, being a director of the Merchants Bank of Waitsburg and a stockholder and director of the Schwabacher Company of Walla Walla. He was also prominently identified with the Puget Sound Dressed Meat Company during its existence and was much interested in farming and stock raising. At the time of his death he was the owner of more than three thousand acres of land.

In 1869 Mr. Preston was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Cox, who was perhaps the first white child born near Boise, Idaho, her birth occurring in 1845 while her parents were making the overland journey to the Pacific coast. Her father, Anderson Cox, was a native of Ohio and a farmer by occupation. On coming west he located near Albany, Oregon, on a donation claim, where he remained for a number of years, but in 1862 came to Walla Walla county, Washington, and acquired land. He also built a sawmill, the first in this county. Both Mr. and. Mrs. Cox passed away here and six of their ten children are also deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Preston were born four children: Herbert P., who is engaged in the feed business in Toppenish, Washington; William C., who died when six months old; Charles B., a resident of Portland, Oregon; and Dale H., deceased.

Mr. Preston was a stanch republican in his political belief and served for two terms as a member of the territorial legislature. In 1881, while a member of that body, he was made chairman of the ways and means committee. He was much interested in educational affairs, especially in his later years, and in 1913 erected the beautiful auditorium known as Preston Hall at Waitsburg, it being designed for vocational training and containing a swimming pool, gymnasium and large hall for public meetings, etc. In all the relations of life he was loyal to the teachings of the Presbyterian church, of which he was a member, and his integrity was never open to question. His death occurred on the 20th of February, 1916, and he was laid to rest in the Waitsburg cemetery. Like her husband, Mrs. Preston has also been a generous contributor to all worthy enterprises for the public good and she now makes her home in Walla Walla, where she is well known and highly esteemed.

JAMES L. ROBISON.

James L. Robison is a retired farmer residing in Walla Walla. He is familiar with all of the experiences of the stock raiser on the western frontier, having ridden the range as a cowboy, while in later years he became extensively engaged in stock raising on his own account. He was born in east Tennessee, July 28, 1842. His father died during the infancy of the son, and the mother later married John Grubb, by whom James L. Robison of this review was reared. He acquired a common school education and when he was but ten years of age crossed the plains with his parents. They spent the winter in Missouri and in the spring of 1853 started on the long westward journey to Oregon. They took up their abode in Linn county, twenty miles south of Albany, where Mr. and Mrs. Grubb spent the remainder of their lives. At the early age of fifteen Mr. Robison began to work for wages and in 1861 made his way northward into eastern Oregon and spent the hard winter on the T. K. McCoy ranch on the Tum-a-Lum in Umatilla county. He continued to work for others until 1868, when he bought some cattle and thus established himself in the cattle business. He had previously engaged in riding the range for seven years prior to engaging in the cattle business on his own account. He was therefore familiar with the business and from the beginning met with success. He spent fifteen years in the cattle business, having as high as a thousand head upon the range. At length, when the free range was cut off by the settlement of the country, he retired from that business, after which he had sheep on the range for a considerable period. Eventually, in 1913, however, he put aside all business cares and retired from active life. He still owns six hundred and forty acres of valuable wheat land ten miles north of Walla Walla and from the rental of his property secures a gratifying income.

In early manhood Mr. Robison was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary J. Cecil, a daughter of William Cecil, who crossed the plains to Oregon in 1862, locating in what is now Morrow county. Mr. and Mrs. Robison became the parents of three children but only one survives, Lena M., who is the wife of Otto Haar, of North Yakima, Washington. Mrs. Robison is a member of the Congregational church and a lady of many admirable qualities.

In politics Mr. Robison is independent in thought and at local elections does not consider party ties but has always voted the republican ticket in electing a president. His life has been a very busy, active and useful one. His business activities were connected with an era that is fast passing away—the era when Washington was still the country of the open range before its lands were divided and taken up for farms. He is therefore familiar with all the phases of the history of the state in its development from pioneer times and he rejoices in what has been accomplished as the work of improvement and advancement has been carried forward here, placing this great state on a par with the older commonwealths of the east. In fact, Washington has gained a position of leadership in various respects and has every reason to be proud of her splendid record in the line of business development and especially in the progress which she has made in the organization of her school system.

In his business career Mr. Robison has at all times displayed that spirit of enterprise so characteristic of the west and now, at the age of seventy-five years, he is able to enjoy well earned rest, his former labors having resulted in a competence which meets all of his needs and requirements and yet leaves a sufficiency for many of the luxuries of life.

JOSEPH GROTE.

The farming interests of Joseph Grote would be termed mammoth even in this great west where agricultural interests are on the whole conducted on a most extensive scale. He is now operating sixty-two hundred and eighty acres of land in Columbia and Walla Walla counties, making his home on section 22, township 11 north, range 38 east, of the former county. His long experience and his extensive operations enable him to speak with authority upon everything connected with farming in the west at the present day. He recognizes fully the possibilities and the opportunities of the country and what he has accomplished represents the fit utilization of the innate powers and talents which are his. Mr. Grote is a native of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Piqua on the 7th of April, 1885, his parents being John and Anna Grote, both of whom were natives of Germany, where they were reared and married. In 1881 they came to the United States and after a residence of nine years in Ohio made their way westward to Washington, the family home being established in the Palouse country, where Mr. Grote remained, however, for a period of only two years. He then came to Walla Walla county, where he purchased a ranch north of Prescott and there he successfully engaged in farming to the time of his death. For a number of years prior to his demise he resided in the city of Walla Walla and from that point superintended the operation of his ranch. He died October 14, 1915, and is survived by his widow, who is now making her home in southern California.

Joseph Grote, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the district schools near his father's farm and in the city schools of Walla Walla. After reaching young manhood he continued to assist his father in the development of the fields until 1909, when he started out to engage in farming independently, entering into partnership with his brother Theodore. They gradually increased their operations in extent and importance until their interests placed them at the head of the leading agriculturists of Columbia county. In 1914 the partnership between the two brothers was dissolved and Joseph Grote retained twenty-three hundred acres of their holdings. In addition to this he operates four hundred and eighty acres of school land in the township where he resides and he leases and operates the Sharpstein ranch in Walla Walla county, containing thirty-five hundred acres of land. He has thus become one of the foremost agriculturists of the northwest. He plants twenty-five hundred acres to grain each year and harvests mammoth crops.

In 1917 Mr. Grote was united in marriage to Miss Lillian Baumann, a daughter of F. A. Baumann, a retired farmer of Walla Walla. In politics he maintains an independent course, not caring to bind himself by party ties. He is not remiss in the duties of citizenship, however, but stands for progress and improvement in public affairs and reaches out along helpful lines in recognition of the needs and opportunities of county and state. He is an enthusiastic advocate of the great northwest, and well he may be, for in its opportunities he has found the path to success and is today numbered among the men of affluence in southeastern Washington.

JOHN ADKINS GROSS, M. D.

There is much that is inspiring in the life record of Dr. John Adkins Gross, who for many years was prominently associated with the agricultural development and activity of southeastern Washington, acquiring extensive landed possessions which he converted into rich and productive fields. His worth as a man and citizen was widely acknowledged and there are in his life record many chapters worthy of consideration.

Dr. Gross was born in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, July 30, 1840, a son of Dr. Oren and Jane (Snow) Gross. He was reared and educated on Cape Cod. In his youth he studied navigation and also taught school for a time but at the age of twenty-three years enlisted in 1863 as a member of the Forty-third Massachusetts Infantry for service in the Civil war, remaining at the front until the close of hostilities. He became corporal of his company and while he did not engage in any of the battles between the north and the south his service was of a hazardous nature, such as scout duty and running boats loaded with provisions past blockades, etc. He ever manifested the utmost loyalty to the nation's starry banner and the cause for which it stood and with a most creditable military record returned to his home.

Soon after leaving the army Dr. Gross went to New York city, where he engaged in carpenter work until the panic of 1873 swept away all his investments. He then crossed the continent to San Francisco, California, where he lived for two years. He afterward went to Astoria, Oregon, and was in that city and in Portland until 1879, when he came to Walla Walla. Here he took up the profession of teaching, which he followed for several years. He taught at Frenchtown, riding back and forth from Walla Walla. When he had saved enough he secured a homestead in Umatilla county, Oregon, and kept adding to his landed possessions until he had over eleven hundred acres, which he brought under a high state of cultivation. He afterward purchased a ranch of twenty-five hundred acres near Starbuck, Washington, all of which has been planted to crops and has been improved with very substantial and commodious buildings. In a word his labors wrought a marked transformation in the appearance of the place and also in its value and he won recognition as one of the foremost agriculturists of this section of the state.

Dr. Gross was married twice and when he went to war left a bride of only a few weeks. He was married a second time at Pendleton, Oregon, on the 9th of February, 1891, when Miss Bessie S. Green, of Kansas, became his wife. He had four children by his first marriage, while four were born of his second union. Carrie B., the eldest, is now, the wife of R. C. Dunnington, of Walla Walla. Jennie I. is the wife of F. H. Richmond, of Walla Walla. Millie E. is the wife of Ralph E. Story, of Silver Lake, Oregon. O. E., of Seattle, Washington, was the youngest child of the first marriage. The others are: John E., who is now upon the ranch; Julia E., who was graduated from Wellesley College in the class of 1917; Marvin, now a high school pupil; and Mabel, who is also in high school.

The death of Dr. Gross occurred July 17, 1915, and he was laid to rest in Mountain View cemetery in Walla Walla. He was a man of marked ability and in his later years he studied medicine, being graduated from the Hahnemann College at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, with the class of 1900. At that time he was over sixty years of age but he possessed an especial aptitude for the physician's work and a very retentive memory, which carried statistical knowledge. The greater part of his life, however, was devoted to farming and stock raising and he became one of the most extensive and prosperous farmers of Walla Walla county. His political endorsement was given to the republican party and he always took an active part in politics. Fraternally he was connected with the Knights of Pythias and also with the Grand Army post thus maintaining pleasant relations with his old military comrades, with whom he followed the stars and stripes on the battlefields of the south. He was a man of many sterling traits of character, genial and affable, and enjoyed the high esteem of those with whom he was associated. Since his death Mrs. Gross has erected a fine residence on Boyer avenue in Walla Walla but still has charge of her ranch property and is a woman of excellent business ability, fully capable of meeting the requirements put upon her in the management of her estate.

OSSIE MARTIN.

The stock raising interests of Columbia county have a worthy representative in Ossie Martin, who is the owner of a valuable farm of seven hundred and twenty acres on section 23, township 12 north, range 38 east. He is one of Washington's native sons, his birth occurring in Old Walla Walla county, February 8, 1867. His parents, James and Bridget E. Martin, were natives of Ireland but in early life emigrated to America and first located in Missouri. In 1861, however, they started for the Pacific coast in a covered wagon drawn by mules and at length reached Walla Walla. They located on a farm and later Mr. Martin took up a homestead near Waitsburg, where he lived until 1893, when he sold the place and removed to Walla Walla. Both he and his wife died in that city. To them were born seven children and all are living.

Ossie Martin was reared in much the usual manner of farmer boys and was educated at a Catholic school in Walla Walla. On starting out in life for himself he chose the occupation with which he was thoroughly familiar—that of farming, and has since followed that pursuit with most gratifying results. In 1909 he purchased his present farm comprising seven hundred and twenty acres and in connection with its operation has given considerable attention to the raising of stock, making a specialty of the breeding of shorthorn and Hereford cattle, now having about one hundred head upon his place. Besides his valuable farm property he owns a residence in Waitsburg, which he rents.

In 1892 Mr. Martin married Miss Mary Martin, who, although of the same name, was not a relative, and to them have been born seven children, as follows: Wesley J.; Harold A., who is in the army; Cecelia K., the wife of Albert Goodyear; Melba C.; Oswald D.; Esther M.; and Wilbert H.

The family are communicants of the Catholic church and Mr. Martin is a democrat in politics but has never cared for the honors of public office, preferring to give his undivided attention to his business interests. He is one of the leading citizens of his community, and takes a commendable interest in public affairs, as every true American citizen should.

GUSTAV VOLLMER.

Among the pioneers of Walla Walla county who persevered in spite of hardships of the early days and who are now reaping the reward of their faith in this section, is Gustav Vollmer, a resident of section 12, township 9 north, range 37 east, who owns more than eleven hundred acres of fine land, which he purchased years ago at far less than its present market value. As time has passed he has adapted his methods of farming to the changed conditions and his progressive spirit has been an important factor in his success. He was born in Germany, May 7, 1854, a son of John H. and Emelia (Flaskamp) Vollmer, who passed their entire lives in that country. Of their seven children, five survive and all but our subject are still residents of Germany.

Gustav Vollmer attended the public schools of his native country in the acquirement of his education but when seventeen years old emigrated to the United States. The first two years in this country were spent in Illinois, where he was employed as a farm hand, but in 1873 he went to Nebraska, where he remained until 1879. In that year he determined to take advantage of the unusual opportunities afforded the young man in the Pacific northwest and removed to Oregon. In 1880 he took up a homestead in Umatilla county, Oregon, twenty-five miles southwest of Walla Walla and for twenty years maintained his residence thereon. For a considerable period, in order to market his wheat, it was necessary to haul it to steamboat landings on the Columbia river, which required three days. While he was gone on such trips his wife remained upon the farm with her small children, although the nearest neighbors were miles away. The isolation was one of the greatest hardships which the early settlers had to endure, but there were also other discouraging features as, for instance, the low prices, wheat selling one year for twenty-three cents a bushel. Mr. Vollmer recognized, however, that with the settlement of the country these untoward conditions would change and that the fertility of the soil guaranteed the future of the farmers, and he consistently invested his savings in land. He owns 480 acres of land in Umatilla county, eighty acres adjoining Waitsburg, where he makes his home. His holdings total 1,193 acres. All the land is rich and productive and, moreover, his farms are well improved, the excellent buildings thereon adding materially to the value of his property. He has given the greater part of his time and attention to wheat growing and is thoroughly familiar with that business. In fact his success has been in a measure due to the fact that he has concentrated his energies upon that line of endeavor. He is now one of the men of wealth in Walla Walla county and takes justifiable pride in the fact that he is a self-made man, his prosperity being due entirely to his own foresight, energy and good management.

On the 12th of June, 1881, Mr. Vollmer was united in marriage to Miss Henrietta Schmitt, a daughter of John and Katherine (Martin) Schmitt. To this union have been born nine children: John H.; Clara Augusta, the wife of Harland Mills; Emma Caroline, the wife of William Harris; William, who is farming in this locality; Julia, the wife of William Stimmel; Zelma, Minnie and Charles, all at home and graduates of the high school; and Katherine, deceased.

The parents hold membership in the Evangelical Lutheran church and its work profits by their hearty support. In politics Mr. Vollmer is a stanch republican and he has served his district ably for two terms as a member of the state legislature. His interest in education has found expression in effective work as a member of the school board, and all projects for the advancement of the public welfare have received his endorsement. He finds great pleasure in contrasting the early days in this section, when the settlers were to a great extent cut off from the outside world, with the present day with its excellent means of communication with all parts of the country. As an illustration of the extent to which the pioneers were dependent upon their resources it may be mentioned that Mr. Vollmer made the furniture used in his home from timber which he had cut. For a number of years it was necessary to practice the strictest economy, but he has never regretted his pioneer experiences and finds pleasure in the knowledge that he has had a part in the development of this region.

JAMES CHRISTENSEN.

James Christensen, a well known farmer of Garfield county who owns five hundred and twenty acres of good land on section 2, township 12 north, range 41 east, has resided in various parts of the west and in Alaska and for some time engaged in mining but for several years past has devoted his attention to farming and stock raising exclusively. He was born in Denmark, February 25, 1866, a son of Christian and Gertrude Petersen, who passed their entire lives in that country. To them were born seven children, of whom six are living.

James Christensen attended the public schools of Denmark as a boy and youth, thus acquiring a good education, and in 1885, at the age of nineteen years, came to America. For one year he was employed as a farm hand in Nebraska and then was for several years a resident of California. Later he spent a year in Montana and in 1891 removed to Walla Walla county, Washington, where he worked on a farm until his removal to Alaska. A decade was devoted to gold mining there and during that time he made three trips to Europe. On leaving Alaska he went to Idaho, but remained there for only a short period, after which he again came to Walla Walla county, Washington. He decided to turn his attention to farm work and took up a homestead on Eureka flats which he cultivated for eight years. He then traded that place for a farm in the vicinity of Walla Walla but two years later exchanged that property for his present farm of five hundred and twenty acres on section 2, township 12 north, range 41 east, Garfield county. Much of his land is given over to the growing of wheat but he also engages in stock raising and derives a good profit from both branches of his business.

Mr. Christensen was married in 1905 to Miss Dora Renn, who was born in Minnesota. They are the parents of three children, namely: George F., Gertrude M. and Anna M.

Mr. Christensen is an adherent of the republican party and casts his ballot in support of its candidates. He has not taken a very active part in political affairs but is now serving as a school director, in which connection he constantly works for the advancement of the local schools. He is a self-made man, having attained prosperity solely through his own efforts, and his energy and determination have gained him the respect of all who know him.

JOHN C. WRIGHT.

John C. Wright, deceased, was an early settler of Walla Walla county, Washington, and engaged in farming here for many years. He was born in St. Lawrence county, New York, April 2, 1843, a son of Alexander and Jeannette Wright, both of whom passed away in the Empire state.

John C. Wright was reared at home and received his education in the public schools. As soon as he was old enough he went to work on the lake boats and was so employed until he enlisted for service in the Civil war as a member of Company L, Second Minnesota Cavalry. He was with the colors for three years and was then mustered out of the military service at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. In 1878 he and his wife came to the Pacific northwest, locating in Walla Walla county, Washington, where he took up a tree claim of one hundred and sixty acres. He subsequently purchased additional land and gave his entire time and attention to his farm work. He was successful, harvesting abundant crops, for which he found a ready sale, and as time passed his resources steadily increased. His widow still owns two hundred and eighty acres of excellent land with good improvements and derives a gratifying income from the rent of that property.

Mr. Wright married Mrs. Sallie Vangilder and to them were born three children: Emma Strand, a resident of Spokane, Washington; and two who died in infancy. In 1871 the wife and mother passed away and in 1872 Mr. Wright was again married, choosing as his wife Miss Carrie Griffin, a native of Vermont and a daughter of Daniel and Rhoda (Fullington) Griffin, natives respectively of New Hampshire and of Canada. In 1862 the family removed to Minnesota and there the father died, but the mother subsequently went to Kansas, where she spent her last days. To them were born eight children, of whom only two survive. Mr. and Mrs. Wright became the parents of eight children, of whom the first three died in infancy, the others being: Ada, who is married; Burt C., who is at home with his mother; Myrtle, the wife of Otis Denny; Carrie, who married Leigh Homer, of Montana; and Jack C., a railroad agent.

Mr. Wright was interested in public affairs and well informed on political issues but he never had the time nor inclination to hold office. His was a quiet, unostentatious life, marked by careful attention to his affairs, by the support of movements seeking the general good and by uncompromising honesty at all times. He passed away in 1898 and those who knew him well still cherish his memory.

CHARLES B. LAMBERT.

An eventful career is that of Charles B. Lambert, who, of Swedish birth, spent some time as a sailor on the high seas and also sojourned for a period in Alaska. He is now living a less spectacular but none the less useful life as an architect and contractor of Walla Walla and in professional circles has gained for himself a creditable position. Born in Sweden on the 6th of April, 1871, he is a son of August and Louise (Von Bose) Lambert, both of whom were natives of Sweden, where the mother passed away but the father is still living. In their family were five children, three of whom survive.

Charles B. Lambert was reared and educated in Sweden, where he attended the common schools until he reached the age of fourteen years. Desirous then of providing for his own support, he went to sea and spent three years as cabin boy and sailor. At the age of seventeen he returned to his native country and took up the study of architecture, to which he devoted two years, having thorough training in that regard. It was in the year 1890 that Mr. Lambert sailed for the new world, hoping to find better business opportunities on this side of the Atlantic. He landed in New York city, where he was employed for a time and later went to Chicago and to St. Paul, continuing in architectural work in these different cities. In 1897 he made his way to Alaska, where he remained for a year and a half, and in 1898 he arrived in Walla Walla, where he embarked in business on his own account. He has since become widely and prominently known as an architect and contractor and his skill and ability are manifest in many of the most substantial structures found in this city and through the surrounding district. The attractiveness of his plans has added much to the beauty of Walla Walla and in the erection of buildings he studies closely utility, comfort and convenience as well as the attractive exterior.

In 1901 Mr. Lambert was married to Miss Alma O. Jones, a native of Sweden, and they became the parents of two children: Ruth L., who is now a high school student; and Edith E. The family occupy an attractive residence which Mr. Lambert owns. He is prominent in Masonic circles, having taken all the degrees of the York and Scottish Rites up to and including the thirty-second degree in the consistory, and he is now eminent commander of the Knights Templar commandery. He also has membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His study of the questions and issues of the day has led him to give his political endorsement to the republican party. He is a man of high personal worth and marked professional ability and a most progressive citizen who exemplifies in his life the spirit of western enterprise, progress and successful accomplishment.

BAILEY H. GROSS.

Bailey H. Gross was for more than a third of a century a resident of Walla Walla county and became one of its extensive landowners and prosperous farmers. He was a native of Illinois and ere reaching man's estate became a resident of Iowa—in fact continued to make his home in Iowa through the greater part of his childhood. It was there that he wedded Miss Julia A. Rice, who was born in Indiana and also became a resident of Iowa in her girlhood days. They began their domestic life in that state, where they continued until 1862 and then started on the long journey across the plains with the Pacific coast as their destination, but on reaching Virginia City, Nevada, were so pleased with the conditions they found that they decided to locate there. For eight years the father was engaged in dairying in that place and in 1870 resumed his interrupted journey westward and for ten years was a resident of what is now Modoc county, California. On the expiration of that decade he made his way northward into Walla Walla, Washington, arriving in the year 1880, accompanied by his family. Here he turned his attention to farming, in which he prospered greatly, and as his financial resources increased he kept adding to his landed possessions until he was the owner of thirteen hundred and sixty acres of fine wheat land. He personally supervised the operation of his farm, which was largely devoted to the production of wheat and other cereals. His methods were most progressive and his labors brought him most gratifying success. He continued to supervise the operation of his farm until 1913 and then retired, taking up his abode in Walla Walla, where his remaining days were passed in the enjoyment of well earned rest, his death occurring March 12, 1915. He had for about three years survived his wife, who died in June, 1912. During the thirty-five years of his residence in the county he witnessed great changes as the work of progress and of transformation was carried steadily forward. His activity as an agriculturist constituted a substantial contribution to the development of the state and, moreover, his life work proved what can be accomplished through individual effort and ability. He started out in the business world empty-handed and by reason of personal worth and effort gained a place among the substantial citizens of the northwest.

HENRY SCHMITT.

Henry Schmitt engaged in farming for many years and won a competence which enables him to live retired in Waitsburg. He was born in Lee county, Iowa, December 17, 1859, a son of John and Katharina (Martin) Schmitt, both natives of Germany. In 1840 they emigrated to America and located in Iowa, whence they removed to Nebraska where the mother passed away. Subsequently the father returned to Iowa with his children but after living there for a year went to Umatilla county, Oregon, and became the owner of a good farm there. He is deceased and six of his ten children have also passed away.

Henry Schmitt passed his boyhood and youth mainly in Iowa, and after completing the course in the common schools became a student in the high school at Burlington, from which he was graduated. For some time thereafter he resided at home, assisting his father, but on attaining his majority began farming in Umatilla county, Oregon, the family in the meantime having removed west. He purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land on which he resided for thirty-four years, during which time he brought the place to a high state of development and made many excellent improvements thereon. His practical methods and his industry were rewarded by large crops and he gave careful attention to the markets, and thus was able to dispose of his crops to good advantage. Since selling his farm he has taken up his abode in Waitsburg, where he owns a fine residence and three acres of land.

On the 7th of September, 1881, Mr. Schmitt was married to Miss Carrie Piepke, a native of Germany. Both hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and can always be counted upon to do their part in promoting its welfare. Mr. Schmitt is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Oregon and has exemplified in his life the beneficent principles upon which that organization is based.

EMMETT S. HENNESSEY.

Emmett S. Hennessey, senior member of the firm of Hennessey & Calloway, a leading undertaking firm of Walla Walla, was born in Saratoga, Illinois, December 27, 1881, his parents being Joseph Daniel and Kathrine (Harney) Hennessey, who are natives of Illinois and of Irish parentage. In 1908 they removed westward to Walla Walla, where they still reside. They were the parents of five children, all of whom are yet living.

Emmett S. Hennessey, the eldest of the family, pursued his education in the public schools of Henry, Illinois, until graduated from the high school on the 1st of June, 1900. He is also a graduate licensed embalmer. After completing his high school course he spent one term as a teacher in a rural school at Grafton, Nebraska, and for one year was teller and accountant in a bank in Michigan, North Dakota, but fearing for his health, he left the bank to enter the University of Minnesota as a medical student. Later, however, he changed his course to the study of anatomy, embalming and sanitary science. He took up the undertaking business in Walla Walla in connection with the oldest undertaking company of the state in 1903, becoming a member of the firm of Picard & Hennessey. That association was maintained until 1908, when he bought out the interests of his partner and conducted the business alone until recently, when he became associated with Mr. Calloway. His reliable methods, his enterprise and the excellent line of goods which he carries have secured to him a very liberal and gratifying patronage and he is now regarded as one of the leading undertakers of the Inland Empire.

On the 25th of May, 1909, Mr. Hennessey was united in marriage to Miss Mary Harter, a native of Walla Walla and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Anton Harter, who are natives of Germany and came to America in 1868. In 1872 they established their home in Walla Walla, where, they still reside. To Mr. and Mrs. Hennessey have been born four children, namely: Charles, Patrick, Harry and Mary, all of whom are still under the parental roof.

Mr. and Mrs. Hennessey are members of the Catholic church, in which Mr. Hennessey is serving as a trustee. He also holds membership with the Knights of Columbus and is a past grand knight. He belongs to the Elks Lodge, No. 287, with which he has been identified for twelve years, and at the present writing, in 1917, is holding the office of loyal knight. He likewise belongs to the Commercial Club and cooperates in all of its well defined plans and movements for the upbuilding of the city. In politics he is a republican and in 1911 and 1912 filled the office of county coroner. He does not seek nor desire political preferment to any extent, however, as he wishes to concentrate his efforts and attention upon his business affairs. He is well known in this city and through the period of his residence here has gained an extensive circle of warm friends.

JAMES E. SHORT.

In the death of James E. Short, Walla Walla county lost one of its pioneer settlers and progressive farmers. He was born in Grant county, Wisconsin, April 8, 1847, and was a young lad of eleven years when his parents removed with their family to Iowa, where they continued to reside until he reached the age of nineteen. The family home was then established in Texas, where the parents later passed away.

James E. Short was reared and educated in Iowa, pursuing his studies in the public schools through the winter months, while in the summer seasons he worked in the fields. He was thus employed until he was twenty-three years of age. In the meantime the family had removed to Texas and in the Lone Star state he was married to Miss Martha E. Vickers, who was born in Texas. They began their domestic life there and after thirteen years removed to Oklahoma, where they resided for a number of years. On the expiration of that period they sold their property in the southwest and came to the Pacific coast country with Washington as their destination. In 1905 Mr. Short purchased land in the Walla Walla valley, becoming owner of six hundred and forty acres. This is wheat land, all under a high state of cultivation. He ranked with the leading and prosperous farmers of the county and followed the most progressive methods in all of his work. His place ever presented a neat and thrifty appearance, which indicated the careful supervision of a practical and progressive owner.

To Mr. and Mrs. Short were born nine children, namely: Adelaide T., who is a graduate nurse; James V.; Amie E., who is the wife of William F. Dolling; William E.; John W.; Oscar N.; Susan Eva; Elma M. C.; and Martha S.

The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church, as did Mr. Short, and his influence was ever on the side of right, truth, reform and progress. His political allegiance was given to the democratic party and of its principles he was a stanch champion, but he never sought nor desired political office. He served, however, as a school director and was interested in all that pertained to the intellectual advancement of the community. He died May 7, 1917, and was laid to rest in Mountview cemetery in Walla Walla, leaving a widow and nine children to mourn his loss. His death was also the occasion of deep regret to many friends, for he had become widely and favorably known during the period of his residence in this section of the country. He had many substantial traits of character, was thoroughly reliable in business and was a public-spirited citizen. His widow and sons now operate the farm and the family occupies a prominent social position in this section of the state.

JAMES P. NEAL.

James P. Neal, deputy prosecuting attorney of Walla Walla county and a resident of the city of Walla Walla, was born in Westfield, Indiana, November 12, 1883, a son of the Rev. A. G. Neal, who is pastor of the First Methodist church of Fort Wayne, Indiana, and of Laura (Johns) Neal.

James P. Neal was accorded liberal educational opportunities. After graduating from the high school at Angola, Indiana, as a member of the class of 1901 he entered De Pauw University at Greencastle, that state, and pursued a classical course, winning his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1906. After leaving De Pauw he went east for law study and matriculated as a law student in Harvard University, where he remained until 1908. Having been admitted to practice law in Madison county, Indiana, in 1907, he maintained an office for a time at Alexandria, that state. He was admitted to practice before the supreme court of Indiana in 1908, was admitted to practice in Oregon in the same year and in Washington in 1914. In 1908 he opened an office in Freewater, Oregon, and in 1913 he became connected with the firm of Brooks & Bartlett in Walla Walla, that association being maintained until 1915. Since February of the latter year he has been a partner in the firm of Stafford & Neal and in this connection enjoys a large and lucrative practice which is constantly growing in volume and importance. He has filled various positions of a professional character. In 1907 he was deputy prosecuting attorney of Madison county, Indiana, and from 1909 until 1913 was city attorney of Freewater, Oregon. In 1915 he was made city attorney of Walla Walla, which position he yet fills, and in 1917 he became deputy prosecuting attorney of Walla Walla county and is yet the incumbent in that office.

Mr. Neal was married in Walla Walla, November 6, 1912, to Miss Louise Root, a daughter of F. F. and Margaret Root. In politics Mr. Neal is a republican and an active worker in party ranks, his opinions carrying considerable weight among the leaders of the party. He was a member of the county central committee of Umatilla county, Oregon, from 1910 until 1912 and in 1916 was a member of the county central committee of Walla Walla county. His fraternal relations are with the Masons, the Elks, the Moose, the Woodmen of the World and the Knights and Ladies of Security. He is also identified with Beta Theta Pi, a college fraternity. Mr. and Mrs. Neal are people of genuine worth, occupying an enviable position in social circles, and their many substantial traits of character have won them the respect and high regard of all with whom they have been brought in contact.

JOHN D. TAGGARD.

John D. Taggard is prominently connected with the development of horticultural interests of the northwest. His efforts have demonstrated the possibilities for fruit culture in Walla Walla county and he is now conducting a successful business as an orchardist, having his place on section 12, township 8 north, range 37 east. He was born amid the Ozark mountains of Missouri, near the city of Springfield, June 28, 1863, a son of Aaron and Ruth M. (Holland) Taggard, the former a native of Missouri, while the latter was born in Tennessee. For many years they resided upon a farm in Webster county, Missouri, but in later life the father retired from agricultural pursuits and took up his abode in Conway, where for some years he engaged with a younger brother in a mercantile enterprise, being associated with that business for several years. He died in 1910 and is survived by his widow, who yet resides in Conway.

John D. Taggard was reared under the parental roof and the common schools afforded him his preliminary educational privileges. He afterward attended the seminary at Lebanon, Missouri, and also became a student in the Mountain Dale Seminary, thus being accorded liberal advantages which well qualified him for life's practical and responsible duties. He left home at the age of about eighteen years and came to Washington, where he arrived in September, 1881. He took up his abode in Dayton, Columbia county, where he engaged in teaching at the Alex Baldwin schoolhouse for one year. During the following year he took the advice of friends and for the sake of his health accepted a position on the sheep ranch of Gretman Brothers and lived in the open for two years. He was at that time afflicted with pulmonary trouble and his life in the open completely restored him to health. He then went to Whitman county, where he took up a homestead six miles north of the Snake river, and there he engaged in the cattle business, remaining upon that place for nine years, but his business venture did not prove profitable and he was entirely without means when he left that country. He then removed to Waitsburg, Walla Walla county, where he engaged in gardening and fruit growing. He was a pioneer in the commercial apple business of the Walla Walla valley. From his boyhood days he was a lover and a student of tree life and is today said to be the foremost orchardist of Walla Walla county. He has studied every phase of the question both from a practical and scientific standpoint and there is perhaps no man in this section of the state better informed concerning the possibilities of fruit raising in the northwest. In 1905 Mr. Taggard and his very close friend, Rev. B. Z. Riggs, rented a twenty acre orchard of W. R. Amon and in the following year they purchased that tract together with sixteen acres adjoining, which had formerly been planted to trees, but the trees had been pulled out. Mr. Taggard and Mr. Riggs immediately replanted the sixteen acre tract and in 1907, when Mr. Riggs' health failed, Mr. Taggard took over the interests of his partner and soon afterward admitted Albert Dickinson to a partnership, the latter purchasing a half-interest in the twenty acre orchard. After three years, however, Mr. Taggard became sole owner of the orchard and the business. In 1910, in connection with others, he planted another orchard of fifty acres. He had entire charge of the planting and the care of the orchard, which is now in bearing and is one of the finest to be found in the fruit district of this section. At the present time Mr. Taggard has in course of construction a community packing house one hundred and fifty by forty feet, which will cost in the neighborhood of five thousand dollars and will have a storage capacity of twenty-five carloads of fruit. He expects to pack between fifty and sixty thousand boxes of fruit this year, which means practically one hundred carloads. In this way the association will be independent of the middleman and will allow the owner to hold the fruit until the market is right. Mr. Taggard has thus closely studied everything that has a bearing upon orcharding in the northwest and displays sound judgment, combined with the most progressive methods, in everything that he undertakes.

On the 4th of December, 1887, Mr. Taggard was married to Miss Rilda Boothe, of Dayton, and they have an adopted daughter, Lillian. In politics Mr. Taggard is a stalwart republican. In 1910 he followed the lead of Roosevelt and became a supporter of the progressive party and was nominated on its ticket for representative, but was too busy to give the time to the campaign that would secure an election. His personal popularity, however, carried weight, so that he was defeated by only a small majority. Mr. Taggard is a member of Delta Lodge, No. 5, I. O. O. F. He and his wife hold memberships in the Christian church, guiding their lives by its teachings and conforming their conduct to its principles at all times. He has been an officer of the church for twenty years. While his efforts have brought personal success, his labors have been of even broader reach and importance, for his example has been followed by many others. He has demonstrated what could be accomplished and others have taken up the ideas which he has set forth. Today there is no feature of orcharding in the northwest with which he is not familiar and his opinions are largely accepted as authority by all fruit growers in this section.

EDMOND J. JOHNSON.

Edmond J. Johnson is a self-made man who has gained a substantial position in business circles of Walla Walla as a dealer in wood and coal. He deserves great credit for what he has accomplished, as he started out in life empty-handed and has placed his dependence upon the substantial qualities of industry and perseverance. He was born in England in February, 1861, and was there reared and educated. He had attained the age of twenty-four years when he determined to try his fortune in America, hoping that he might find better business opportunities on this side the Atlantic. He crossed the continent after reaching American shores, making his way to Walla Walla, Washington, where he worked at the butchering trade, which he had previously learned in his native land. He followed that business for seven years and then went to work for the city in the street department, occupying a position of that character for fourteen years. On the expiration of that period he turned his attention to the wood and coal trade, in which he has since been engaged, and through the intervening years he has built up a business of very gratifying and substantial proportions. He also has the contract for street cleaning in the city and is leading a most active life. Energy has ever been one of his most marked characteristics and indefatigable effort has brought him the success which is now his.

In 1890 Mr. Johnson was united in marriage to Miss Leona Hastings, a native of Kansas, and they have become the parents of three children: Susie, who is now the wife of C. Brent, of Portland, Oregon; Hazel, who is the wife of Clem Burgman, living on a ranch in Walla Walla county; and William, who died at the age of three months.

The family occupy an attractive home in Walla Walla and Mr. Johnson has become the owner of some good residence properties in the city. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, which he has supported since becoming a naturalized American citizen. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has made many warm friends in that organization. His life record should inspire and encourage others, for he started out when a lad of eleven years and has since been dependent upon his own resources. He early recognized the fact that industry wins. He may never have heard of the Greek philosopher Epicharmus, who said: "Earn thy reward; the gods give naught to sloth," but he knew the principle that underlies those words and indefatigable industry has characterized him at every point in his career. Step by step he has advanced and is now not only a substantial business man of Walla Walla but one who enjoys and deserves the respect, goodwill and confidence of all with whom he is associated.

JOHN WARREN LANGDON.

John Warren Langdon, one of the best known business men of eastern Washington, prominently identified with the commercial and financial interests and with the community life of Walla Walla, was born in New Hampton, Iowa, December 18, 1871, a son of Warren W. Langdon, who was a native of Illinois. The father was an expert tinner by trade and was also connected with banking interests of the northwest for a number of years, becoming a very prominent factor in business affairs in Moscow, Idaho.

He was superintendent of the Walla Walla waterworks for five years and figured prominently in connection with public affairs in this city. His attitude in respect to his country's welfare was clearly manifest at the time of the Civil war, when he put aside all business and personal considerations and responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting as a member of Company A, Ninety-fifth Regiment of the Illinois Volunteer Infantry, on the 9th of August, 1862, at Marengo, Illinois. He served for three years and was mustered out at Camp Butler, Illinois August 17, 1865. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Hester M. Robinson, is also a native of Illinois.

Their son, John Warren Langdon, acquired his early education in the common schools of Moscow, Idaho, and afterward attended the Bishop Scott grammar school of Portland, Oregon, where he stood at the head of his classes, receiving the headmaster's prize for the highest standing during the school year; his marks at this school were the highest received by any student during the seventeen years of the school's existence to that time, and he also received two additional prizes for excellence in deportment and penmanship.

At the age of sixteen years he left school and was placed in the First National Bank of Moscow, Idaho, of which his father was vice president. Two years later he accepted a position with the Dorsey S. Baker estate of Walla Walla, one of the richest estates in the northwest. Ten years later, upon division of the estate, he became secretary of the firm of Baker & Baker, a strong loan company, doing business in the Walla Walla valley. Two years later, owing to increased personal business responsibilities, he resigned, and at that time incorporated the Green Investment Company of Walla Walla for the purpose of handling the business affairs of Mary F. Green, his mother-in-law. This corporation is heavily interested in both city and country real estate, and its holdings are scattered throughout the state of Washington.

There is no man more familiar with property values and conditions in this section of the country than Mr. Langdon. At the present time he is one of the joint owners and managers of the Baker-Langdon Orchard Company of Walla Walla, owners of a six hundred acre apple orchard adjoining the city of Walla Walla, which is recognized as one of the finest commercial orchard properties in the United States; is also vice president and manager of the Green Investment Company of Walla Walla; a director of the Baker-Boyer National Bank of Walla Walla, the oldest bank in the state of Washington; is vice president of the Blalock Fruit Company, owning the largest fruit and vegetable farm in the northwest; is a director of the Northwestern Fruit Exchange of Seattle and New York, one of the largest and most widely known fruit shippers in the northwest, and has still other interests which place him in the foremost rank of the business men of this section of the country.

On the 16th of September, 1897, Mr. Langdon was married to Miss Philinda Green, who was born in Walla Walla, a daughter of William O. and Mary F. (Young) Green, who were pioneers of the Walla Walla valley, having crossed the plains by team at a very early period in the settlement of the northwest. Mr. and Mrs. Langdon have become parents of two sons: Warren Orville and John Green, both now attending Walla Walla high school.

While most important business interests have claimed the attention of Mr. Langdon, he has also found time and opportunity to cooperate in plans and measures for the public good and has been a most generous supporter of interests which are looking toward the upbuilding and development of city and state.

The cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion and he is a member of the board of trustees of Whitman College and chairman of the board of directors of the Whitman Conservatory of Music. He is also a director and vice president of the Walla Walla Commercial Club and chairman of its agricultural and horticultural committee. Elected president of the park board of Walla Walla, Mr. Langdon set about to construct an ideal park for the city. The city council having set aside a beautiful tract of forty acres owned by the city, for park purposes, Mr. Langdon prepared, with his own hands, plans for the park, and working in conjunction with the Woman's Park Club of Walla Walla, assisted in developing an unusually attractive landscape, embracing play grounds, boating lake, tiny streams and waterfalls, now known as City Park. Recently he has prepared elaborate plans for the development of Dreamland Park on Ninth street. He is now and for many years past has been secretary of the board of trustees of St. Paul's School, which was the first school for girls in the territory of Washington, and today is recognized as one of the state's best educational institutions.

Holding membership in St. Paul's Episcopal church, he has served for years as one of its vestrymen and as its junior warden. He is one of the trustees of the newly organized Young Women's Christian Association, and as the first vice president of the Young Men's Christian Association in Walla Walla assisted materially in raising funds for the construction of an elegant building for this association in Walla Walla. Mr. Langdon is chairman of the membership committee of the Red Cross in Walla Walla; vice president of the Washington State Harvesters League; and a member of the state executive committee for food conservation appointed by Herbert Hoover, chairman of food conservation. Mr. Langdon is interested in art, and has done some exceedingly creditable photographic work among the northwest Indians and has reproduced in enlargements and panoramas historical scenes in the states of Oregon and Washington, many of which he has personally hand-colored. He thoroughly enjoys home life and takes great pleasure in the society of his family and friends.

He is always courteous, kindly and affable and those who know him personally entertain for him warm regard. A man of great natural ability, his success in business from the beginning of his residence in Walla Walla has been uniform and rapid.

As has been truly remarked, after all that may be done for a man in the way of giving him early opportunities for obtaining the requirements which are found in schools and in books, he must essentially formulate, determine and give shape to his own character, and this is what Mr. Langdon has done. He has persevered in the pursuit of a persistent purpose and gained a most satisfactory reward. He has endeavored to make his life exemplary in all respects and he has ever supported those interests which are calculated to uplift and benefit humanity.

JOHN BACHTOLD.

John Bachtold is a well known and representative business man of Walla Walla who is now proprietor and manager of the Dacres Hotel, one of the leading hostelries of the city. He comes from a land that has produced many famous hotel proprietors. In every country on the face of the globe the Swiss have proven their capability in that field, many of the finest hotels of every land being conducted by those who were born within the shadow of the Alps. Mr. Bachtold was born in Switzerland in 1865 and spent the first fourteen years of his life in his native country. He then crossed the Atlantic to America and became a resident of South Dakota, where he engaged in farm work for nine years. On the expiration of that period he arrived in Washington, making his way to Grays Harbor, where he secured a position as clerk in a hotel, thus receiving his initial business training in the line to which he now directs his energies. The next year he became proprietor of a hotel in Oswego, Oregon.

In 1892 Mr. Bachtold removed to Walla Walla, where he established a restaurant. The following year, however, he turned his attention to other business interests, in which he was engaged for several years. At length he took over the management of the Dacres Hotel, which is an excellent hostelry, well equipped, while his keen interest in the successful management of the business leads him to put forth every effort for the comfort and welfare of his guests. He is likewise identified with several other business concerns of the city, all of which profit by his sound judgment and indefatigable energy. That Mr. Bachtold is deeply interested in the city's welfare has been manifest by his intense activity in maintaining the efficiency of the volunteer fire department, of which he was the president. He has also been very active in fraternal circles as a member of the Improved Order of Red Men, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Foresters, the Eagles and the Sons of Hermann. He is also connected with the Maennerchor, which indicates his love of music and a cultivated taste in that direction.

Mr. Bachtold was married in Grays Harbor in 1892 to Miss Annie Schuerch and to them have been born six children, Ida, Annie, George, John, Edward and Walter. Mr. Bachtold has never had occasion to regret his determination to come to the new world, for in this land he has found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization has made steady progress along the high road to success.

GEORGE J. GUTHRIDGE.