London Labour and the London Poor, Vol. 1

by Henry Mayhew

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Contents

1. Preface
2. Of Wandering Tribes in General
3. Of the Wandering Tribes of this Country
4. Of the London Street-folk
5. Of the Number of Costermongers and other Street-folk
6. Of the Varieties of Street-folk in general, and Costermongers in particular
7. Of Costermongering Mechanics
8. Ancient Calling of Costermongers
9. Of the Obsolete Cries of the Costermongers
10. Of the Costermongers “economically” considered
11. The London Street Markets on a Saturday Night
12. The Sunday Morning Markets
13. Habits and Amusements of Costermongers
14. Gambling of Costermongers
15. “Vic. Gallery.”
16. The Politics of Costermongers.—Policemen
17. Marriage and Concubinage of Costermongers
18. Religion of Costermongers
19. Of the Uneducated State of Costermongers
20. Language of Costermongers
21. Of the Nicknames of Costermongers
22. Of the Education of Costermongers’ Children
23. The Literature of Costermongers
24. Of the Honesty of Costermongers
25. Of the Conveyances of the Costermongers and other Street-sellers
26. Of the “Smithfield Races.”
27. Of the Donkeys of the Costermongers
28. Of the Costermongers’ Capital
29. Of the “Slang” Weights and Measures
30. Of Half Profits
31. Of the Boys of the Costermongers, and their Bunts
32. Of the Juvenile Trading of the Costermongers
33. Of the Education of the “Coster-Lads.”
34. The Life of a Coster-Lad
35. Of the “Penny Gaff.”
36. Of the Coster-Girls
37. The Life of a Coster Girl
38. Of Costermongers and Thieves
39. Of the more provident Costermongers
40. Of the Homes of the Costermongers
41. Of the Dress of the Costermongers
42. Of the Diet and Drink of Costermongers
43. Of the Cries, Rounds, and Days of Costermongers
44. Of the Costermongers on their Country Rounds
45. Of the Earnings of Costermongers
46. Of the Capital and Income of the Costermongers
47. Of the Providence and Improvidence of Costermongers
48. Of the Costermongers in Bad Weather and during the Cholera
49. Of the Costermongers’ Raffles
50. Of the Markets and Trade Rights of the Costermongers, and of the laws affecting them
51. Of the Removals of Costermongers from the Streets
52. Of the Tricks of Costermongers
53. Of the Kind and Quantities of Fish sold by the London Costermongers
54. Of the Costermongers’ Fish Season
55. Billingsgate
56. Of the Forestalling of Markets and the Billingsgate Bummarees
57. Of “Wet” Fish-sellers in the Streets
58. Of Sprat-selling in the Streets
59. Of Shell-Fish Sellers in the Streets
60. Of Shrimp Selling in the Streets
61. Of Oyster Selling in the Streets
62. Of Periwinkle Selling in the Streets
63. Of “Dry” Fish Selling in the Streets
64. Gross Value of the several Kinds of Fish annually Sold in the Streets of London
65. Of the Kinds and Quantity of Fruit and Vegetables sold in the Streets
66. Of the Fruit and Vegetable Season of the Costermongers
67. Of Covent Garden Market
68. Of “Green” Fruit Selling in the Streets
69. Of the Orange and Nut Market
70. Of Orange and Lemon Selling in the Streets
71. Of Nut Selling in the Streets
72. Of Roasted Chestnuts and Apples
73. Of “Dry” Fruit Selling in the Streets
74. Of the Street-sale of Vegetables
75. Of the “Aristocratic” Vegetable-Sale
76. Of Onion Selling in the Streets
77. Of Pot-Herbs and Celery
78. Gross Value of the Fruit and Vegetables Sold Annually in the London Streets
79. Of the Number of Street Stalls
80. Of the Character of the Street-Stalls
81. Of Fruit-stall Keepers
82. Of a Public Meeting of Street-sellers
83. Of the Street-Irish
84. Of the Causes which have made the Irish turn Costermongers
85. How the Street-Irish displanted the Street-Jews in the Orange Trade
86. Of the Religion of the Street-Irish
87. Of the Education, Literature, Amusements, and Politics of the Street-irish
88. The Homes of the Street-Irish
89. Irish Lodging-houses for Immigrants
90. Of the Diet, Drink, and Expense Of Living of the Street-Irish
91. Of the Resources of the Street-Irish as regards “Stock-Money,” Sickness, Burials, &c
92. Of the History of some Irish street-sellers
93. Of the Irish “Refuse”-Sellers
94. Of the Street-Sellers of Game, Poultry (Live and Dead), Rabbits, Butter, Cheese, and Eggs
95. Of the Quantity of Game, Rabbits, and Poultry, sold in the Streets
96. Of the Street-Purchasers of Game and Poultry
97. Of the Experience of a Game Hawker
98. Statement of Two Poultry Hawkers
99. Of the Street Sale of Live Poultry
100. Of Rabbit Selling in the Streets
101. Of the Street Sale of Butter, Cheese, and Eggs
102. Of the Sellers of Trees, Shrubs, Flowers (Cut and in Pots), Roots, Seeds, and Branches
103. Of the Quantity of Shrubs, “Roots,” Flowers, etc., sold in the Streets, and of the Buyers
104. Of the Street Sale of Trees and Shrubs
105. The London Flower Girls
106. Of Two Orphan Flower Girls
107. Of the Life of a Flower Girl
108. Of the Street Sale of Lavender
109. Cut Flowers
110. Of the Street Sale of Flowers in Pots, Roots, etc.
111. Of the Street Sale of Seeds
112. Of Christmasing—Laurel, Ivy, Holly, and Mistletoe
113. Of the Sale of May, Palm, etc.
114. Street-Sellers of Green Stuff
115. Of Watercress-selling, in Farringdon-market
116. Of the Street-sellers of Water-cress
117. Watercress Girl
118. Of Groundsel and Chickweed Sellers
119. Of Turf Cutting and Selling
120. Of the Experience and Customers of a Turf-Cutter
121. Of Plantain-Sellers
122. Of the Street-Sellers of Eatables and Drinkables
123. Of the Street-sellers of Pea-Soup and Hot Eels
124. Of the Experience of a Hot-Eel and Pea-soup Man
125. Of the Street-sellers of Pickled Whelks
126. Of the Customers, etc., of Pickled Whelk-sellers
127. Of the Street Sellers, and of the Preparation of Fried Fish
128. Of the Experience of a Fried Fish-seller, and of the Class of Customers
129. Of the Preparation and Quantity of Sheep’s Trotters, and of the Street-sellers
130. Statements of Sheep’s Trotter Women
131. Of the Street Trade in Baked Potatoes
132. Of “Trotting,” or “Hawking” Butchers
133. Of the Experience of a Hawking Butcher
134. Of the Street-sellers of Ham-Sandwiches
135. Of the Experience of a Ham Sandwich-seller
136. Of the Street-sellers of Bread
137. Of the Street-Sellers of Hot Green Peas
138. Of the Experience of a Hot Green Pea Seller
139. Of Cats’ and Dogs’-meat Dealers
140. Of the Street-sale of Drinkables
141. Of Coffee-stall Keepers
142. Of the Street Sale of Ginger-beer, Sherbet, Lemonade, &c
143. Of the Experience and Customers of a Ginger-beer Seller
144. Of the Street-sellers of Hot Elder Wine
145. Of the Street Sale of Peppermint-Water
146. Of Milk Selling in St. James’s Park
147. Of the Street Sale of Milk
148. Of the Street-Sale of Curds and Whey
149. Of the Street-Sellers of Rice-milk
150. Of Water-Carriers
151. Of the Street-sellers of Pastry And Confectionary
152. Of Street Piemen
153. Of the Street-sellers of Boiled Puddings
154. Of the Street-sellers of Plum “Duff” or Dough
155. Of the Street-sellers of Cakes, Tarts, &c
156. Of other Cake-sellers in the Streets
157. Of the Street-sellers of Gingerbread-nuts, &c
158. Of the Street-sellers of Hot-Cross Buns, and of Chelsea Buns
159. Of Muffin and Crumpet-selling in the Streets
160. Of the Street Sale of Sweet-stuff
161. Of the Customers of the Sweet-stuff Street-sellers
162. Of the Street-sellers of Cough Drops and of Medical Confectionary
163. Of the Street-sellers of Ices and of Ice Creams
164. Of the Capital and Income of the Street-Sellers of Eatables and Drinkables
165. Capital, or Stock in Trade, of the Street-sellers of Eatables and Drinkables
166. Income, or “Takings,” of Street-sellers of Eatables and Drinkables
167. Of the Street-Sellers of Stationery, Literature, and the Fine Arts
168. Of the former and present Street-patterers
169. Of the Habits, Opinions, Morals, and Religion of Patterers generally
170. Of the Publishers and Authors of Street-Literature
171. Of Long Song-sellers
172. Of Running Patterers
173. Experience of a Running Patterer
174. Of the Recent Experience of a Running Patterer
175. Of the Chaunters
176. Of the Experience of a Chaunter
177. Of the Death and Fire Hunters
178. Of the Sellers of Second Editions
179. Of the Standing Patterers
180. Experience of a Standing Patterer
181. Of Political Litanies, Dialogues, etc.
182. Of “Cocks,” etc.
183. Of “Strawing.”
184. Of the Sham Indecent Street-trade
185. Of Religious Tract Sellers
186. Of a Benefit Society of Patterers
187. Of the Abodes, Tricks, Marriage, Character, and Characteristics of the Different Grades of Patterers
188. Of the Low Lodging-houses of London
189. Of the Filth, Dishonesty, and Immorality of Low Lodging-houses
190. Of the Children in Low Lodging-houses
191. Of the Low Lodging-houses throughout the Country
192. Of the Street Stationers, and the Street Card-sellers
193. Of the Seller of the Penny Short-hand Cards
194. Of the Sellers of Race Cards and Lists
195. Of the Street-sellers of Gelatine, of Engraved, and of Playing Cards, &c
196. Of the Street-sellers of Stationery
197. Of the Experience of a Street-stationer
198. Of a “reduced” Gentlewoman, and a “reduced” Tradesman, as Street-sellers of Stationery
199. Of the Street-sale of Memorandum-books and Almanacks
200. Of the Street-sale of Pocket-books and Diaries
201. Of the Street-sellers of Songs
202. Of the Street “Pinners-up,” or Wall Song-sellers
203. Of Ancient and Modern Street Ballad Minstrelsy
204. Of Street “Ballads on a Subject.”
205. Of the Street Poets and Authors
206. Of the Experience of a Street Author, or Poet
207. Of the Street-sellers of Broad-Sheets
208. Of the “Gallows” Literature of the Streets
209. Of the Street-sellers of Conundrums
210. Of the Street-sellers of Comic Exhibitions, Magical Delusions, &c
211. Of the Street-sellers of Play-Bills
212. Of the Street-sellers of Periodicals, Pamphlets, Tracts, Books, etc.
213. Of the Street-sale of Back Numbers
214. Of the Sale of Waste Newspapers at Billingsgate
215. Of the Sale of Periodicals on the Steam-boats and Steam-boat Piers
216. Of the Sale of Newspapers, Books, &c., at the Railway Stations
217. Of the Street Booksellers
218. Of the Character of Books of the Street-sale
219. Of the Experience of a Street Book-seller
220. Of Street Book-auctioneers
221. Of the Street-sale of Song-books, and of Children’s Books
222. Of the Street-sellers of Account-books
223. Of the Street-sellers of Guide-books, &c
224. Of the Street-sellers of Fine Arts
225. Of Street Art
226. Of the Street-sellers of Engravings, etc., in Umbrellas, etc.
227. Of the Street-sellers of Pictures in Frames
228. Of the Street-sellers of Manuscript and other Music
229. Of the Capital and Income of the Street-Sellers of Stationery, Literature, and the Fine Arts
230. Capital or Value of the Stock-in-Trade of the Street-sellers of Stationery, Literature and the Fine Arts
231. Income, or average annual “takings,” of the Street-sellers of Stationery, Literature, and the Fine Arts
232. An Epitome of the Pattering Class
233. Surrey and Sussex
234. Kent
235. Essex
236. Herts and Bedfordshire
237. Suffolk and Norfolk
238. Of the “Screevers,” or Writers of Begging-Letters and Petitions
239. Of the Probable Means of Reformation
240. Of the Street-Sellers of Manufactured Articles
241. Of the Street-sellers of Manufactured Articles in Metal
242. Of the Cheap Johns, or Street Hansellers
243. The Crippled Street-seller of Nutmeg-graters
244. Of the Swag-shops of the Metropolis
245. Of the Life of a Cheap-John
246. The Street-Sellers of Cutlery
247. Of the Blind Street-sellers of Tailors’ Needles, etc.
248. The Public-House Hawkers of Metal Spoons, etc.
249. Of the Street-Sellers of Jewellery
250. Of The Pedlar-Jewellers
251. Of the Street-Sellers of Card-Counters, Medals, etc.
252. Of the Street-Sellers of Rings and Sovereigns for Wagers
253. Of the Street-Sellers of Children’s Gilt Watches
254. Of the Street-Sellers of Tinware
255. Of the Life of a Tin-Ware Seller
256. Of the Street-sellers of Dog-Collars
257. Of the Life of a Street-Seller of Dog-Collars
258. Of the Street-Sellers of Tools
259. Of the Beggar Street-Sellers
260. Of the “House of Lords,” a Street-Seller’s Defunct Club
261. Of the Street-Sellers of Crockery and Glass-Wares
262. Of the “Swag,” Crockery, and Glass Shops
263. Of the Street-Sellers of Spar and China Ornaments, and of Stone Fruit
264. Of the Street-Sellers of Textile Fabrics
265. Of the Haberdashery Swag-Shops
266. Of Hawkers, Pedlars, and Petty Chapmen
267. Of the Packmen, or Hawkers of Soft Wares
268. Statement of a Packman
269. Of the Tally Packman
270. Of the “Duffers” or Hawkers of Pretended Smuggled Goods
271. Of the Street-Sellers of “Small-Ware,” or Tape, Cotton, etc.
272. Of the Street-Sellers of Lace
273. Of the Street-Sellers of Japanned Table-Covers
274. Of the Street-Sellers of Braces, Belts, Hose, Trowser-straps, and Waistcoats
275. Of the Street-Sellers of Boot and Stay-Laces, &c
276. Of a Blind Female Seller of “Small-Wares.”
277. The Blind Street-Seller of Boot-Laces
278. Of the Life of a Blind boot-lace Seller
279. Of the Low Lodging-Houses
280. Statement of a Young Pickpocket
281. Statement of a Prostitute
282. Statement of a Beggar
283. Meeting of Thieves
284. Of the Country Lodging-Houses
285. Of the Street-Sellers of Chemical Articles of Manufacture
286. Of the Street-Sellers of Blacking, Black Lead, etc.
287. Of the Street-Sellers of French Polish
288. Of the Street-Sellers of Grease-removing Compositions
289. Of the Street-Sellers of Corn-Salve
290. Of the Street-Sellers of Glass and China Cement, and of Razor Paste
291. Of the Street-Sellers of Crackers and Detonating Balls
292. Of the Street-Sellers of Lucifer-Matches
293. Of the Street-Sellers of Cigar Lights, or Fuzees
294. Of the Street-Sellers of Gutta-Percha Heads
295. Of the Street-Sellers of Fly-Papers and Beetle-Wafers
296. Of the Street-Sellers of Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles
297. Of the Street-Sellers of Walking-Sticks
298. Of the Street-Sellers of Whips, etc.
299. Of the Street-Sellers of Pipes, and of Snuff and Tobacco Boxes
300. Of the Street-Sellers of Cigars
301. Of the Street-Sellers of Sponge
302. Of the Street-Sellers of Wash-Leathers
303. Of the Street-Sellers of Spectacles and Eye-Glasses
304. Of the Street-Sellers of Dolls
305. Of the “Swag-Barrowmen,” and “Lot-Sellers.”
306. Of the Street-Sellers of Roulette Boxes
307. Of the Street-Sellers of Poison for Rats
308. Of the Street-Sellers of Rhubarb and Spice
309. Of the Hawking of Tea
310. Of the Women Street-Sellers
311. Of a Single Woman, as a Street-Seller
312. Of a Mechanic’s Wife, as a Street-Seller
313. Of an Irishwoman, as a Street-Seller
314. Of a Widow, a Street-Seller
315. Of the Children Street-Sellers of London
316. Of Children sent out as Street-Sellers by their Parents
317. Of a “Neglected” Child, a Street-Seller
318. Of a Hired Coster Boy
319. Of an Orphan Boy, a Street-Seller
320. Of the Life of an Orphan Girl, a Street-Seller
321. Of Two Runaway Street-Boys
322. Of the Capital and Income of the Street-Sellers of Manufactured Articles
323. Income of the Street-Sellers of Manufactured Articles
324. Errata

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