Latin-English Vocabulary

Translations inclosed within parentheses are not to be used as such; they are inserted to show etymological meanings.

The “parentheses” are shown in square brackets , as in the original.

A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T U V

A

ā or ab, prep. with abl. from, by, off. Translated on in ā dextrō cornū, on the right wing; ā fronte, on the front or in front; ā dextrā, on the right; ā latere, on the side; etc.

ab-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, hide, conceal

ab-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus, lead off, lead away

abs-cīdō, -ere, -cīdī,-cīsus [ab(s), off, + caedō, cut], cut off

ab-sum, -esse, āfuī, āfutūrus, be away, be absent, be distant, be off; with ā or ab and abl., § 501.32

ac, conj., see atque

ac-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus [ad, to, + capiō, take], receive, accept

ācer, ācris, ācre, adj. sharp; figuratively, keen, active, eager (§ 471)

acerbus, -a, -um, adj. bitter, sour

aciēs, -ēī, f. [ācer, sharp], edge; line of battle

ācriter, adv. [ācer, sharp], compared ācrius, ācerrimē, sharply, fiercely

ad, prep. with acc. to, towards, near. With the gerund or gerundive, to, for

ad-aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, make equal, make level with

ad-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus, lead to; move, induce

ad-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus, go to, approach, draw near, visit, with acc. (§ 413)

ad-ferō, ad-ferre, at-tulī, ad-lātus, bring, convey; report, announce; render, give (§ 426)

ad-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [ad, to, + faciō, do], affect, visit

adflīctātus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of adflīctō, shatter], shattered

ad-flīgō, -ere, -flīxī, -flīctus, dash upon, strike upon; harass, distress

ad-hibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus [ad, to, + habeō, hold], apply, employ, use

ad-hūc, adv. hitherto, as yet, thus far

aditus, -ūs, m. [adeō, approach], approach, access; entrance. Cf. adventus

ad-ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, bind to, fasten

ad-loquor, -loquī, -locūtus sum, dep. verb [ad, to, + loquor, speak], speak to, address, with acc.

ad-ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, manage, direct

admīrātiō, -ōnis, f. [admīror, wonder at], admiration, astonishment

ad-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus, move to; apply, employ

ad-propinquō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, come near, approach, with dat.

ad-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūres, be present; assist; with dat., § 426

adulēscēns, -entis, m. and f. [part. of adolēscō, grow], a youth, young man, young person

adventus, -ūs, m. [ad, to, + veniō, come], approach, arrival (§ 466)

adversus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of advertō, turn to], turned towards, facing; contrary, adverse.

rēs adversae, adversity

aedificium, aedifi´cī, n. [aedificō, build], building, edifice

aedificō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus [aedēs, house, + faciō, make], build

aeger, aegra, aegrum, adj. sick, feeble

aequālis, -e, adj. equal, like. As a noun, aequālis, -is, m. or f. one of the same age

aequus, -a, -um, adj. even, level; equal

Aesōpus, -ī, m. Æsop, a writer of fables

aestās, -ātis, f. summer, initā aestāte, at the beginning of summer

aetās, -ātis, f. age

Aethiopia, -ae, f. Ethiopia, a country in Africa

Āfrica, -ae, f. Africa

Āfricānus, -a, -um, adj. of Africa. A name given to Scipio for his victories in Africa

ager, agrī, m. field, farm, land (§ 462. c)

agger, -eris, m. mound

agmen, -inis, n. [agō, drive], an army on the march, column.

prīmum agmen, the van

agō, -ere, ēgī, āctus, drive, lead; do, perform.

vītam agere, pass life

agricola, -ae, m. [ager, field, + colō, cultivate], farmer

agrī cultūra, -ae, f. agriculture

āla, -ae, f. wing

alacer, -cris, -cre, adj. active, eager. Cf. ācer

alacritās, -ātis, f. [alacer, active], eagerness, alacrity

alacriter, adv. [alacer, active], comp alacrius, alacerrimē, actively, eagerly

albus, -a, -um, adj., white

alcēs, -is, f. elk

Alcmēna, -ae, f. Alcme´na, the mother of Hercules

aliquis (-quī), -qua, -quid (-quod), indef. pron. some one, some (§ 487)

alius, -a, -ud (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), adj. another, other.

alius ... alius, one ... another.

aliī ... aliī, some ... others (§ 110)

Alpēs, -ium, f. plur. the Alps

alter, -era, -erum (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), adj. the one, the other (of two).

alter ... alter, the one ... the other (§ 110)

altitūdō, -inis, f. [altus, high], height

altus, -a, -um, adj. high, tall, deep

Amāzonēs, -um, f. plur. Amazons, a fabled tribe of warlike women

ambō, -ae, -ō, adj. (decl. like duo), both

amīcē, adv. [amīcus, friendly], superl. amīcissimē, in a friendly manner

amiciō, -īre, ——, -ictus [am-, about, + iaciō, throw], throw around, wrap about, clothe

amīcitia, -ae, f. [amīcus, friend], friendship

amīcus, -a, -um, adj. [amō, love], friendly. As a noun, amīcus, -ī, m. friend

ā-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, send away; lose

amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, love, like, be fond of (§ 488)

amphitheātrum, -ī, n. amphitheater

amplus, -a, -um, adj. large, ample; honorable, noble

an, conj. or, introducing the second part of a double question

ancilla, -ae, f. maidservant

ancora, -ae, f. anchor

Andromeda, -ae, f. Androm´eda, daughter of Cepheus and wife of Perseus

angulus, -ī, m. angle, corner

anim-advertō, -ere, -tī, -sus [animus, mind, + advertō, turn to], turn the mind to, notice

animal, -ālis, n. [anima, breath], animal (§ 465. b)

animōsus, -a, -um, adj. spirited

animus, -ī, m. [anima, breath], mind, heart; spirit, courage, feeling; in this sense often plural

annus, -i, m. year

ante, prep, with acc. before

anteā, adv. [ante], before, formerly

antīquus, -a, -um, adj. [ante, before], former, ancient, old

aper, aprī, m. wild boar

Apollō, -inis, m. Apollo, son of Jupiter and Latona, brother of Diana

ap-pāreō, -ēre, -uī, —— [ad + pāreō, appear], appear

ap-pellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, call by name, name. Cf. nōminō, vocō

Appius, -a, -um, adj. Appian

ap-plicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, apply, direct, turn

apud, prep, with acc. among; at, at the house of

aqua, -ae, f. water

aquila, -ae, f. eagle

āra, -ae, f. altar

arbitror, -ārī, -ātus sum, think, suppose (§ 420. c). Cf. exīstimō, putō

arbor, -oris, f. tree (§ 247. 1. a)

Arcadia, -ae, f. Arcadia, a district in southern Greece

ārdeō, -ēre, ārsī, ārsūrus, be on fire, blaze, burn

arduus, -a, -um, adj. steep

Arīcia, -ae, f. Aricia, a town on the Appian Way, near Rome

ariēs, -etis, m. battering-ram (p. 221)

arma, -ōrum, n. plur. arms, weapons. Cf. tēlum

armātus, -a, -um, adj. [armō, arm], armed, equipped

arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, plow, till

ars, artis, f. art, skill

articulus, -ī, m. joint

ascrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus [ad, in addition, + scrībō, write], enroll, enlist

Āsia, -ae, f. Asia, i.e. Asia Minor

at, conj. but. Cf. autem, sed

Athēnae, -ārum, f. plur. Athens

Atlās, -antis, m. Atlas, a Titan who was said to hold up the sky

at-que, ac, conj. and, and also, and what is more. atque may be used before either vowels or consonants, ac before consonants only

attentus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of attendō, direct (the mind) toward], attentive, intent on, careful

at-tonitus, -a, -um, adj. thunderstruck, astounded

audācia, -ae, f. [audāx, bold], boldness, audacity

audācter, adv. [audāx, bold], compared audācius, audācissimē, boldly

audāx, -ācis, adj. bold, daring

audeō, -ēre, ausus sum, dare

audiō, -īre, -īvī or -īī, -ītus, hear, listen to (§§ 420.d; )

Augēās, -ae, m. Auge´as, a king whose stables Hercules cleaned

aura, -ae, f. air, breeze

aurātus, -a, -um, adj. [aurum, gold], adorned with gold

aureus, -a, -um, adj. [aurum, gold], golden

aurum, -ī, n. gold

aut, conj. or.

aut ... aut, either ... or

autem, conj., usually second, never first, in the clause, but, moreover, however, now. Cf. at, sed

auxilium, auxi´lī, n. help, aid, assistance; plur. auxiliaries

ā-vertō, -ere, -tī, -sus, turn away, turn aside

avis, -is, f. bird (§ 243. 1)

B

ballista, -ae, f. ballista, an engine for hurling missiles (p. 220)

balteus, -ī, m. belt, sword belt

barbarus, -ī, m. barbarian, savage

bellum, -ī, n. war.

bellum īnferre, with dat. make war upon

bene, adv. [for bonē, from bonus], compared melius, optimē, well

benignē, adv. [benignus, kind], compared benignius, benignissimē, kindly

benignus, -a, -um, adj. good-natured, kind, often used with dat.

bīnī, -ae, -a, distributive numeral adj. two each, two at a time (§ 334)

bis, adv. twice

bonus, -a, -um, adj. compared melior, optimus, good, kind (§ 469. a)

bōs, bovis (gen. plur. boum or bovum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus or būbus), m. and f. ox, cow

bracchium, bracchī, n. arm

brevis, -e, adj. short

Brundisium, -ī, n. Brundisium, a seaport in southern Italy. See map

bulla, -ae, f. bulla, a locket made of small concave plates of gold fastened by a spring (p. 212)

C

C. abbreviation for Gāius, Eng. Caius

cadō, -ere, ce´cidī, cāsūrus, fall

caedēs, -is, f. [caedō, cut], (a cutting down), slaughter, carnage (§ 465. a)

caelum, -ī, n. sky, heavens

Caesar, -aris, m. Cæsar, the famous general, statesman, and writer

calamitās, -ātis, f. loss, calamity, defeat, disaster

calcar, -āris, n. spur (§ 465. b)

Campānia, -ae, f. Campania., a district of central Italy. See map

Campānus, -a, -um, adj. of Campania

campus, -ī, m. plain, field, esp. the Campus Martius, along the Tiber just outside the walls of Rome

canis, -is, m. and f. dog

canō, -ere, ce´cinī, ——, sing

cantō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus [canō, sing], sing

Capēnus, -a, -um, adj. of Capena, esp. the Porta Cape´na, the gate at Rome leading to the Appian Way

capiō, -ere, cēpī, captus, take, seize, capture (§ 492)

Capitōlīnus, -a, -um, adj. belonging to the Capitol, Capitoline

Capitōlium, Capitō´lī, n. [caput, head], the Capitol, the hill at Rome on which stood the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus and the citadel

capsa, -ae, f. box for books

captīvus, -ī, m. [capiō, take], captive

Capua, -ae, f. Capua, a large city of Campania. See map

caput, -itis, n. head (§ 464. 2. b)

carcer, -eris, m. prison, jail

carrus, -ī, m. cart, wagon

cārus, -a, -um, adj. dear; precious

casa, -ae, f. hut, cottage

castellum, -ī, n. [dim. of castrum, fort], redoubt, fort

castrum, -ī, n. fort. Usually in the plural, castra, -ōrum, a military camp.

castra pōnere, to pitch camp

cāsus, -us, m. [cadō, fall], chance; misfortune, loss

catapulta, -ae, f. catapult, an engine for hurling stones

catēna, -ae, f. chain

caupōna, -ae, f. inn

causa, -ae, f. cause, reason, quā dē causā, for this reason

cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessūrus, give way, retire

celer, -eris, -ere, adj. swift, fleet

celeritās, -ātis, f. [celer, swift], swiftness, speed

celeriter, adv. [celer, swift], compared celerius, celerrimē, swiftly

cēna, -ae, f. dinner

centum, indecl. numeral adj. hundred

centuriō, -ōnis, m. centurion, captain

Cēpheus (dissyl.), -eī (acc. Cēphea), m. Cepheus, a king of Ethiopia and father of Andromeda

Cerberus, -ī, m. Cerberus, the fabled three-headed dog that guarded the entrance to Hades

certāmen, -inis, n. [certō, struggle], struggle, contest, rivalry

certē, adv. [certus, sure], compared certius, certissimē, surely, certainly

certus, -a, -um, adj. fixed, certain, sure.

aliquem certiōrem facere (to make some one more certain), to inform some one

cervus, -ī, m. stag, deer

cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, delay, cease

cibāria, -ōrum, n. plur. food, provisions

cibus, -ī, m. food, victuals

Cimbrī, -ōrum, m. plur. the Cimbri

Cimbricus, -a, -um, adj. Cimbrian

cīnctus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of cingō, surround], girt, surrounded

cingō, -ere, cīnxī, cīnctus, gird, surround

circiter, adv. about

circum, prep, with acc. around

circum´-dō, -dare, -dedī, -datus, place around, surround, inclose

circum´-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus, go around

circum-sistō, -ere, circum´stetī, ——, stand around, surround

circum-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus (come around), surround

citerior, -ius, adj. in comp., superl. citimus, hither, nearer (§ 475)

cīvīlis, -e, adj. [cīvis], civil

cīvis, -is, m. and f. citizen (§ 243. 1)

cīvitās, -ātis, f. [cīvis, citizen], (body of citizens), state; citizenship

clāmor, -ōris, m. shout, cry

clārus, -a, -um, adj. clear; famous, renowned; bright, shining

classis, -is, f. fleet

claudō, -ere, -sī, -sus, shut, close

clavus, -ī, m. stripe

cliēns, -entis, m. dependent, retainer, client (§ 465. a)

Cocles, -itis, m. (blind in one eye), Cocles, the surname of Horatius

co-gnōscō, -ere, -gnōvī, -gnītus, learn, know, understand. Cf. sciō (§ 420. b)

cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctus [co(m)-, together, + agō, drive], (drive together), collect; compel, drive

cohors, cohortis, f. cohort, the tenth part of a legion, about 360 men

collis, -is, m. hill, in summō colle, on top of the hill (§ 247. 2. a)

collum, -ī, n. neck

colō, -ere, coluī, cultus, cultivate, till; honor, worship; devote one’s self to

columna, -ae, f. column, pillar

com- (col-, con-, cor-, co-), a prefix, together, with, or intensifying the meaning of the root word

coma, -ae, f. hair

comes, -itis, m. and f. [com-, together, + eō, go], companion, comrade

comitātus, -ūs, m. [comitor, accompany], escort, company

comitor, -ārī, -ātus sum, dep. verb [comes, companion], accompany

com-meātus, -ūs, m. supplies

com-minus, adv. [com-, together, + manus, hand], hand to hand

com-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, join together; commit, intrust.

proelium committere, join battle.

sē committere with dat, trust one’s self to

commodē, adv. [commodus, fit], compared commodius, commodissimē, conveniently, fitly

commodus, -a, -um, adj. suitable, fit

com-mōtus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of commoveō, move], aroused, moved

com-parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [com-, intensive, + parō, prepare], prepare; provide, get

com-pleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētus [com-, intensive, + pleō, fill], fill up

complexus, -ūs, m. embrace

com-primō, -ere, -pressī, -pressus [com-, together, + premō, press], press together, grasp, seize

con-cidō, -ere, -cidī, —— [com-, intensive, + cadō, fall], fall down

concilium, conci´lī, n. meeting, council

con-clūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsus [com-, intensive, + claudō, close], shut up, close; end, finish

con-currō, -ere, -currī, -cursus [com-, together, + currō, run], run together; rally, gather

condiciō, -ōnis, f. [com-, together, + dicō, talk], agreement, condition, terms

con-dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, pardon

con-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus, hire

cōn-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus, bring together.

sē cōnferre, betake one’s self

cōn-fertus, -a, -um, adj. crowded, thick

cōnfestim, adv. immediately

cōn-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [com-, completely, + faciō, do], make, complete, accomplish, finish

cōn-fīrmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, make firm, establish, strengthen, affirm, assert

cōn-fluō, -ere, -flūxī, ——, flow together

cōn-fugiō, -ere, -fūgī, -fugitūrus, flee for refuge, flee

con-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus [com-, intensive, + iaciō, throw], hurl

con-iungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus [com-, together, + iungō, join], join together, unite

con-iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [com-, together, + iūrō, swear], unite by oath, conspire

con-locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [com-, together, + locō, place], arrange, place, station

conloquium, conlo´quī, n. [com-, together, + loquor, speak], conversation, conference

cōnor, -ārī, -ātus sum, dep. verb, endeavor, attempt, try

cōn-scendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsus [com-, intensive, + scandō, climb], climb up, ascend.

nāvem cōnscendere, embark, go on board

cōn-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus [com-, together, + scrībō, write], (write together), enroll, enlist

cōn-secrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [com-, intensive, + sacrō, consecrate], consecrate, devote

cōn-sequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum, dep. verb [com-, intensive, + sequor, follow], pursue; overtake; win

cōn-servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [com-, intensive, + servō, save], preserve, save

cōnsilium, cōnsi´lī, n. plan, purpose, design; wisdom

cōn-sistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitus [com-, intensive, + sistō, cause to stand], stand firmly, halt, take one’s stand

cōn-spiciō, -ere, -spēxī, -spectus [com-, intensive, + spiciō, spy], look at attentively, perceive, see

cōnstantia, -ae, f. firmness, steadiness, perseverance

cōn-stituō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus [com-, intensive, + statuō, set], establish, determine, resolve

cōn-stō, -āre, -stitī, -stātūrus [com-, together, + stō, stand], agree; be certain ; consist of

cōnsul, -ulis, m. consul (§ 464. 2. a)

cōn-sūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptus [com-, intensive, + sumō, take], consume, use up

con-tendō, -ere, -dī, -tus, strain; hasten; fight, contend, struggle

con-tineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus [com-, together, + teneō, hold], hold together, hem in, contain; restrain

contrā, prep, with acc. against, contrary to

con-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus [com-, together, + trahō, draw], draw together; of sails, shorten, furl

contrōversia, -ae, f. dispute, quarrel

con-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus [com-, together, + veniō, come], come together, meet, assemble

con-vertō, -ere, -vertī, -versus [com-, intensive, + vertō, turn], turn

con-vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [com-, together, + vocō, call], call together

co-orior, -īrī, -ortus sum, dep. verb [com-, intensive, + orior, rise], rise, break forth

cōpia, -ae, f. [com-, intensive, + ops, wealth], abundance, wealth, plenty. Plur. cōpiae, -ārum, troops

coquō, -ere, coxī, coctus, cook

Corinthus, -ī, f. Corinth, the famous city on the Isthmus of Corinth

Cornēlia, -ae, f. Cornelia, daughter of Scipio and mother of the Gracchi

Cornēlius, Cornē´lī, m. Cornelius, a Roman name

cornū, -ūs, n. horn; wing of an army, ā dextrō cornū, on the right wing (§ 466)

corōna, -ae, f. garland, wreath; crown

corōnātus, -a, -um, adj. crowned

corpus, -oris, n. body

cor-ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus [com-, intensive, + rapiō, seize], seize, grasp

cotīdiānus, -a, -um, adj. daily

cotīdiē, adv. daily

crēber, -bra, -brum, adj. thick, crowded, numerous, frequent

crēdō, -ere, -dīdī, -ditus, trust, believe, with dat. (§ 501.14)

cremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, burn

creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, make; elect, appoint

Creōn, -ontis, m. Creon, a king of Corinth

crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētus, rise, grow, increase

Crēta, -ae, f. Crete, a large island in the Mediterranean

Crētaeus, -a, -um, adj. Cretan

crūs, crūris, n. leg

crūstulum, -ī, n. pastry, cake

cubīle, -is, n. bed

cultūra, -ae, f. culture, cultivation

cum, conj. with the indic. or subjv. when; since; although (§ 501.46)

cum, prep, with abl. with (§ 209)

cupidē, adv. [cupidus, desirous], compared cupidius, cupidissimē, eagerly

cupiditās, -ātis, f. [cupidus, desirous], desire, longing

cupiō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus, desire, wish. Cf. volō

cūr, adv. why, wherefore

cūra, -ae, f. care, pains; anxiety

cūria, -ae, f. senate house

cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [cūra, care], care for, attend to, look after

currō, -ere, cucurrī, cursus, run

currus, -ūs, m. chariot

cursus, -ūs, m. course

custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus [custōs, guard], guard, watch

D

Daedalus, -ī, m. Dæd´alus, the supposed inventor of the first flying machine

Dāvus, -ī, m. Davus, name of a slave

dē, prep, with abl. down from, from; concerning, about, for (§ 209).

quā dē causā, for this reason, wherefore

dea, -ae, f. goddess (§ 461. a)

dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus [dē, from, + habeō, hold], owe, ought, should

decem, indecl. numeral adj. ten

dē-cernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus [dē, from, + cernō, separate], decide, decree

dē-cidō, -ere, -cidī, —— [dē, down, + cadō, fall], fall down

decimus, -a, -um, numeral adj. tenth

dēclīvis, -e, adj. sloping downward

dē-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus, give up, surrender, sē dēdere, surrender one’s self

dē-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus [dē, down, + dūcō, lead], lead down, escort

dē-fendō, -ere, -dī, -fēnsus, ward off, repel, defend

dē-ferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus [dē, down, + ferō, bring], bring down; report, announce (§ 426)

dē-fessus, -a, -um, adj. tired out, weary

dē-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [dē, from, + faciō, make], fail, be wanting; revolt from

dē-fīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxus [dē, down, + fīgō, fasten], fasten, fix

dē-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus [dē, down, + iaciō, hurl], hurl down; bring down, kill

de-inde, adv. (from thence), then, in the next place

dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, delight

dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -ētus, blot out, destroy

dēlīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, weigh, deliberate, ponder

dē-ligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctus [dē, from, + legō, gather], choose, select

Delphicus, -a, -um, adj. Delphic

dēmissus, -a, -um [part. of dēmittō, send down], downcast, humble

dē-mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [dē, out, + mōnstrō, point], point out, show

dēmum, adv. at last, not till then.

tum dēmum, then at last

dēnique, adv. at last, finally. Cf. postrēmō

dēns, dentis, m. tooth (§ 247. 2. a)

dēnsus, -a, -um, adj. dense, thick

dē-pendeō, -ēre, ——, —— [dē, down, + pendeō, hang], hang from, hang down

dē-plōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [dē, intensive, + plōrō, wail], bewail, deplore

dē-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus [dē, down, + pōnō, put], put down

dē-scendō, -ere, -dī, -scēnsus [dē, down, + scandō, climb], climb down, descend

dē-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptus [dē, down, + scrībō, write], write down

dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, long for

dē-siliō, -īre, -uī, -sultus [dē, down, + saliō, leap], leap down

dē-spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [dē, away from, + spērō, hope], despair

dē-spiciō, -ere, -spēxi, -spectus [dē, down], look down upon, despise

dē-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus [dē, away from, + sum, be], be wanting, lack, with dat. (§ 426)

deus, -ī, m. god (§ 468)

dē-volvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtus [dē, down, + volvō, roll], roll down

dē-vorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [dē, down, + vorō, swallow], devour

dexter, -tra, -trum (-tera, -terum), adj. to the right, right.

ā dextrō cornū, on the right wing

Diāna, -ae, f. Diana, goddess of the moon and twin sister of Apollo

dīcō, -ere, dīxī, dictus (imv. dīc), say, speak, tell. Usually introduces indirect discourse (§ 420. a)

dictātor, -ōris, m. [dictō, dictate], dictator, a chief magistrate with unlimited power

diēs, -ēi or diē, m., sometimes f. in sing., day (§ 467)

dif-ferō, -ferre, distulī, dīlātus [dis-, apart, + ferō, carry], carry apart; differ.

differre inter sē, differ from each other

dif-ficilis, -e, adj. [dis-, not, + facilis, easy], hard, difficult (§ 307)

difficultās, -ātis, f. [difficilis, hard], difficulty

dīligenter, adv. [dīligēns, careful], compared dīligentius, dīligentissimē, industriously, diligently

dīligentia, -ae, f. [dīligēns, careful], industry, diligence

dī-micō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, fight, struggle

dī-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus [dī-, off, + mittō, send], send away, dismiss, disband.

dīmittere animum in, direct one’s mind to, apply one’s self to

Diomēdēs, -is, m. Dī-o-mē´dēs, a name

dis-, dī-, a prefix expressing separation, off, apart, in different directions. Often negatives the meaning

dis-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus [dis-, apart, + cēdō, go], depart from, leave, withdraw, go away

dis-cernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētus [dis-, apart, + cernō, sift], separate; distinguish

disciplīna, -ae, f. instruction, training, discipline

discipulus, -ī, m. [discō, learn], pupil, disciple

discō, -ere, didicī, ——, learn

dis-cutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussus [dis-, apart, + quatiō, shake], shatter, dash to pieces

dis-pōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus [dis-, apart, + pōnō, put], put here and there, arrange, station

dis-similis, -e, adj. [dis-, apart, + similis, like], unlike, dissimilar (§ 307)

dis-tribuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, divide, distribute

diū, adv., compared diūtius, diūtissimē, for a long time, long (§ 477)

dō, dare, dedī, datus, give.

in fugam dare, put to flight.

alicui negōtium dare, employ some one

doceō, -ēre, -uī, -tus, teach, show

doctrīna, -ae, f. [doctor, teacher], teaching, learning, wisdom

dolor, -ōris, m. pain, sorrow

domesticus, -a, -um, adj. [domus, house], of the house, domestic

domicilium, domici´lī, n. dwelling; house, abode. Cf. domus

domina, -ae, f. mistress (of the house), lady (§ 461)

dominus, -ī, m. master (of the house), owner, ruler (§ 462)

domus, -ūs, f. house, home.

domī, locative, at home (§ 468)

dormiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, sleep

dracō, -ōnis, m. serpent, dragon

dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, hesitate

dubius, -a, -um, adj. [duo, two], (moving two ways), doubtful, dubious

du-centī, -ae, -a, numeral adj. two hundred

dūcō, -ere, dūxī, ductus (imv. dūc), lead, conduct

dum, conj. while, as long as

duo, duae, duo, numeral adj. two (§ 479)

duo-decim, indecl. numeral adj. twelve

dūrus, -a, -um, adj. hard, tough; harsh, pitiless, bitter

dux, ducis, m. and f. [cf. dūcō, lead], leader, commander

E

ē or ex, prep, with abl. out of, from, off, of (§ 209)

eburneus, -a, -um, adj. of ivory

ecce, adv. see! behold! there! here!

ē-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus [ē, out, + dūcō, lead], lead out, draw out

ef-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [ex, thoroughly, + faciō, do], work out; make, cause

ef-fugiō, -ere, -fūgī, -fugitūrus [ex, from, + fugiō, flee], escape

egeō, -ēre, -uī, ——, be in need of, lack, with abl. (§ 501.32)

ego, pers. pron. I; plur. nōs, we (§ 480)

ē-gredior, -ī, ēgressus sum, dep. verb [ē, out of, + gradior, go], go out, go forth.

ē nāvī ēgredī, disembark

ē-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus [ē, forth, + iaciō, hurl], hurl forth, expel

elementum, -ī, n., in plur. first principles, rudiments

elephantus, -ī, m. elephant

Ēlis, Ēlidis, f. E´lis, a district of southern Greece

emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptus, buy, purchase

enim, conj., never standing first, for, in fact, indeed. Cf. nam

Ennius, Ennī, m. Ennius, the father of Roman poetry, born 239 B.C.

eō, īre, iī (īvī), itūrus, go (§ 499)

eō, adv. to that place, thither

Ēpīrus, -ī, f. Epi´rus, a district in the north of Greece

eques, -itis, m. [equus, horse], horseman, cavalryman

equitātus, -ūs, m. [equitō, ride], cavalry

equus, -ī, m. horse

ē-rigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctus [ē, out, + regō, make straight], raise up

ē-ripiō, -ere, -uī, -reptus [ē, out of, + rapiō, seize], seize, rescue

ē-rumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus [ē, forth, + rumpō, break], burst forth

ēruptiō, -ōnis, f. sally

Erymanthius, -a, -um, adj. Erymanthian, of Erymanthus, a district in southern Greece

et, conj. and, also.

et ... et, both ... and. Cf. atque, ac, -que

etiam, adv. (rarely conj.) [et, also, + iam, now], yet, still; also, besides. Cf. quoque.

nōn sōlum ... sed etiam, not only ... but also

Etrūscī, -ōrum, m. the Etruscans, the people of Etruria. See map of Italy

Eurōpa, -ae, f. Europe

Eurystheus, -ī, m. Eurys´theus, a king of Tiryns, a city in southern Greece

ē-vādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus [ē, out, + vādō, go], go forth, escape

ex, see ē

exanimātus, -a, -um [part. of exanimō, put out of breath (anima)], adj. out of breath, tired; lifeless

ex-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus [ex, out, + capiō, take], welcome, receive

exemplum, -ī, n. example, model

ex-eō,-īre,-iī,-itūrus [ex, out, + eō, go], go out, go forth (§ 413)

ex-erceō, -ēre, -uī, -itus [ex, out, + arceō, shut], (shut out), employ, train, exercise, use

exercitus, -us, m. [exerceō, train], army

ex-īstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [ex, out, + aestimō, reckon], estimate; think, judge (§ 420. c). Cf. arbitror, putō

ex-orior, -īrī, -ortus sum, dep. verb [ex, forth, + orior, rise], come forth, rise

expedītus, -a, -um, adj. without baggage

ex-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus [ex, out, + pellō, drive], drive out

ex-piō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [ex, intensive, + pīo, atone for], make amends for, atone for

explōrātor, -ōris, m. [explōrō, investigate], spy, scout

explōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, examine, explore

ex-pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [ex, out, + pugnō, fight], take by storm, capture

exsilium, exsi´lī, n. [exsul, exile], banishment, exile

ex-spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [ex, out, + spectō, look], expect, wait

ex-struō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctus [ex, out, + struō, build], build up, erect

exterus, -a, -um, adj., compared exterior, extrēmus or extimus, outside, outer (§ 312)

extrā, prep, with acc. beyond, outside of

ex-trahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctus [ex, out, + trahō, drag], drag out, pull forth

extrēmus, -a, -um, adj., superl. of exterus, utmost, farthest (§ 312)

F

fābula, -ae, f. story, tale, fable

facile, adv. [facilis, easy], compared facilius, facillimē, easily (§ 322)

facilis, -e, adj. [cf. faciō, make], easy, without difficulty (§ 307)

faciō, -ere, fēcī, factus (imv. fac), make, do; cause, bring about.

impetum facere in, make an attack upon.

proelium facere, fight a battle.

iter facere, make a march or journey.

aliquem certiōrem facere, inform some one.

facere verba prō, speak in behalf of.

Passive fīō, fierī, factus sum, be done, happen.

certior fierī, be informed

fallō, -ere, fefellī, falsus, trip, betray, deceive

fāma, -ae, f. report, rumor; renown, fame, reputation

famēs, -is (abl. famē), f. hunger

familia, -ae, f. servants, slaves; household, family

fascēs, -ium (plur. of fascis), f. fasces (p. 225)

fastīgium, fastī´gī, n. top; slope, descent

fātum, -ī, n. fate, destiny

faucēs, -ium, f. plur. jaws, throat

faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautūrus, be favorable to, favor, with dat. (§ 501.14)

fēlīx, -īcis, adj. happy, lucky

fēmina, -ae, f. woman. Cf. mulier

fera, -ae, f. [ferus, wild], wild beast

ferāx, -ācis, adj. fertile

ferē, adv. about, nearly, almost

ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus, bear.

graviter or molestē ferre, be annoyed (§ 498)

ferreus, -a, -um, adj. [ferrum, iron], made of iron

fidēlis, -e, adj. [fidēs, trust], faithful, true

fidēs, fideī or fidē, trust, faith; promise, word; protection.

in fidem venīre, come under the protection.

in fidē manēre, remain loyal

fīlia, -ae (dat. and abl. plur. fīliābus), f. daughter (§ 461. a)

fīlius, fīlī (voc. sing, fīlī), m. son

fīnis, -is, m. boundary, limit, end; in plur. territory, country (§ 243. 1)

fīnitimus, -a, -um, adj. [fīnis, boundary], adjoining, neighboring. Plur. fīnitimī, -ōrum, m. neighbors

fīō, fierī, factus sum, used as passive of faciō. See faciō (§ 500)

flamma, -ae, f. fire, flame

flōs, flōris, m. flower

fluctus, -ūs, m. [of. fluō, flow], flood, wave, billow

flūmen, -inis, n. [cf. fluō, flow], river (§ 464. 2. b)

fluō, -ere, flūxī, fluxus, flow

fluvius, fluvī, m. [cf. fluō, flow], river

fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossus, dig

fōns, fontis, m. fountain (§ 247. 2. a)

fōrma, -ae, f. form, shape, appearance; beauty

Formiae, -ārum, f. Formiae, a town of Latium on the Appian Way. See map

forte, adv. [abl. of fors, chance], by chance

fortis, -e, adj. strong; fearless, brave

fortiter, adv. [fortis, strong], compared fortius, fortissimē, strongly; bravely

fortūna, -ae, f. [fors, chance], chance, fate, fortune

forum, -ī, n. market place, esp. the Forum Rōmānum, where the life of Rome centered

Forum Appī, Forum of Appius, a town in Latium on the Appian Way

fossa, -ae, f. [cf. fodiō, dig], ditch

fragor, -ōris, m. [cf. frangō, break], crash, noise

frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctus, break

frāter, -tris, m. brother

fremitus, -ūs, m. loud noise

frequentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, attend

frētus, -a, -um, adj. supported, trusting. Usually with abl. of means

frōns, frontis, f. front, ā fronte, in front

frūctus, -ūs, m. fruit

frūmentārius, -a, -um, adj. pertaining to grain.

rēs frūmentāria, grain supplies

frūmentum, -ī, n. grain

frūstrā, adv. in vain, vainly

fuga, -ae, f. [cf. fugiō, flee], flight.

in fugam dare, put to flight

fugiō, -ere, fūgī, fugitūrus, flee, run; avoid, shun

fūmō, -are, ——, ——, smoke

fūnis, -is, m. rope

furor, -ōris, m. [furō, rage], madness.

in furōrem incīdere, go mad

G

Gāius, Gāī, m. Gaius, a Roman name, abbreviated C., English form Caius

Galba, -ae, m. Galba, a Roman name

galea, -ae, f. helmet

Gallia, -ae, f. Gaul, the country comprising what is now Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and France

Gallicus, -a, -um, adj. Gallic

gallīna, -ae, f. hen, chicken

Gallus, -ī, m. a Gaul

gaudium, gaudī, n. joy

Genāva, -ae, f. Geneva, a city in Switzerland

gēns, gentis, f. [cf. gignō, beget], race, family; people, nation, tribe

genus, -eris, n. kind, variety

Germānia, -ae, f. Germany

Germānus, -ī, m. a German

gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus, carry, wear; wage.

bellum gerere, wage war.

rēs gestae, exploits.

bene gerere, carry on successfully

gladiātōrius, -a, -um, adj. gladiatorial

gladius, gladī, m. sword

glōria, -ae, f. glory, fame

Gracchus, -ī, m. Gracchus, name of a famous Roman family

gracilis, -e, adj. slender (§ 307)

Graeca, -ōrum, n. plur. Greek writings, Greek literature

Graecē, adv. in Greek

Graecia, -ae, f. Greece

grammaticus, -ī, m. grammarian

grātia, -ae, f. thanks, gratitude

grātus, -a, -um, adj. acceptable, pleasing. Often with dat. (§ 501.16)

gravis, -ē, adj. heavy; disagreeable; serious, dangerous; earnest, weighty

graviter, adv. [gravis, heavy], compared gravius, gravissimē, heavily; greatly, seriously.

graviter ferre, bear ill, take to heart

gubernātor, -ōris, m. [gubernō, pilot], pilot

H

habēna, -ae, f. halter, rein.

habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, have, hold; regard, consider, deem

habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [cf. habeō, have], dwell, abide, inhabit. Cf. incolō, vīvō

hāc-tenus, adv. thus far

Helvētiī, -ōrum, m. the Helvetii, a Gallic tribe

Herculēs, -is, m. Hercules, son of Jupiter and Alcmena, and god of strength

Hesperidēs, -um, f. the Hesperides, daughters of Hesperus, who kept the garden of the golden apples

hic, haec, hoc, demonstrative adj. and pron. this (of mine); as pers. pron. he, she, it (§ 481)

hīc, adv. here

hiems, -emis, f. winter

hīnc, adv. [hīc, here], from here, hence

Hippolytē, -ēs, f. Hippolyte, queen of the Amazons

ho-diē, adv. [modified form of hōc diē, on this day], to-day

homō, -inis, m. and f. (human being), man, person

honestus, -a, -um, adv. [honor, honor], respected, honorable

honor, -ōris, m. honor

hōra, -ae, f. hour

Horātius, Horā´tī, m. Horatius, a Roman name

horribilis, -e, adj. terrible, horrible

hortor, -āri, -ātus sum, dep. verb, urge, incite, exhort, encourage (§ 493)

hortus, -ī, m. garden

hospitium, hospi´tī, n. [hospes, host], hospitality

hostis, -is, m. and f. enemy, foe (§ 465. a)

humilis, -e, adj. low, humble (§ 307)

Hydra, -ae, f. the Hydra, a mythical water snake slain by Hercules

I

iaciō, -ere, iēcī, iactus, throw, hurl

iam, adv. now, already.

nec iam, and no longer

Iāniculum, -ī, n. the Janiculum, one of the hills of Rome

iānua, -ae, f. door

ibi, adv. there, in that place

Īcarus, -ī, m. Ic´arus, the son of Dædalus

ictus, -ūs, m. [cf. īcō, strike], blow

īdem, e´adem, idem, demonstrative pron. [is + dem], same (§ 481)

idōneus, -a, -um, adj. suitable, fit

igitur, conj., seldom the first word, therefore, then. Cf. itaque

ignis, -is, m. fire (§§ 243.1; 247.2.a; 465.1)

ignōtus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + (g)notus, known], unknown, strange

ille, illa, illud, demonstrative adj. and pron. that (yonder); as pers. pron. he, she, it (§ 481)

illīc, adv. [cf. ille], yonder, there

im-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus [in, against, + mittō, send], send against; let in

immolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [in, upon, + mola, meal], sprinkle with sacrificial meal; offer, sacrifice

im-mortālis, -e, adj. [in-, not, + mortalis, mortal], immortal

im-mortālitās, -ātis, f. [immortālis, immortal], immortality

im-parātus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + parātus, prepared], unprepared

impedīmentum, -ī, n. [impediō, hinder], hindrance; in plur. baggage

impedītus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of impediō, hinder], hindered, burdened

im-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus [in, against, + pellō, strike], strike against; impel, drive, propel

imperātor, -ōris, m. [imperō, command], general

imperium, impe´rī, n. [imperō, command], command, order; realm, empire; power, authority

imperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, command, order. Usually with dat. and an object clause of purpose (§ 501.41). With acc. object, levy, impose

impetus, -ūs, m. attack, impetum facere in, make an attack upon

im-pōnō, -ere, -posui, -positus [in, upon, + pōnō, place], place upon; impose, assign

in, prep, with acc. into, to, against, at, upon, towards; with abl. in, on.

in reliquum tempus, for the future

in-, inseparable prefix. With nouns and adjectives often with a negative force, like English un-, in-

in-cautus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + cautus, careful], off one’s guard

incendium, incendī, n. flame, fire. Cf. ignis, flamma

in-cendō, -ere, -dī, -cēnsus, set fire to, burn

in-cidō, -ere, -cidī, ——, [in, in, on, + cadō, fall], fall in, fall on; happen.

in furōrem incidere, go mad

in-cipiō, -ere, -cēpi, -ceptus [in, on, + capiō, take], begin

in-cognitus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + cognitus, known], unknown

in-colō, -ere, -uī, ——, [in, in, + colō, dwell], inhabit; live

incolumis, -e, adj. sound, safe, uninjured, imharmed

in-crēdibilis, -e, adj. [in-, not, + crēdibilis, to be believed], incredible

inde, from that place, thence

induō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus, put on

indūtus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of induō, put on], clothed

in-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus [in, into, + eō, go], go into; enter upon, begin, with acc. (§ 413)

īn-fāns, -fantis, adj. [in-, not, + *fāns, speaking], not speaking. As a noun, m. and f. infant

īn-fēlīx, -īcis, adj. [in-, not, + fēlīx, happy], unhappy, unlucky

īnfēnsus, -a, -um, adj. hostile

īn´-ferō, īnfer´re, in´tulī, inlā´tus [in, against, + ferō, bear], bring against or upon, inflict, with acc. and dat. (§ 501.15).

bellum īnferre, with dat., make war upon

īnferus, -a, -um, adj. low, below (§ 312).

īn-fīnītus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + fīnītus, bounded], boundless, endless

īn-fīrmus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + fīrmus, strong], weak, infirm

ingenium, inge´ni, n. talent, ability

ingēns, -entis, adj. vast, huge, enormous, large. Cf. magnus

in-gredior, -gredī, -gressus sum [in, in, + gradior, walk], advance, enter

inimīcus, -a, -um, adj. [in-, not, + amīcus, friendly], hostile. As a noun, inimīcus, -ī, m. enemy, foe. Cf. hostis

initium, ini´tī, entrance, beginning

initus, -a, -um, part. of ineō.

initā aestāte, at the beginning of summer

iniūria, -ae, f. [in, against, + iūs, law], injustice, wrong, injury.

alicui iniūriās īnferre, inflict wrongs upon some one

inopia, -ae, f. [inops, needy], want, need, lack

in-opīnāns, -antis, adj. [in-, not, + opīnāns, thinking], not expecting, taken by surprise

inquit, said he, said she. Regularly inserted in a direct quotation

in-rigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, irrigate, water

in-rumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptus [in, into, + rumpō, break], burst in, break in

in-ruō, -ere, -ruī,—— [in, in, + ruō, rush], rush in

īn-sequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum, dep. verb [in, on, + sequor, follow], follow on, pursue

īn-signe, -is, n. badge, decoration (§ 465. b)

īnsignis, -e, adj. remarkable, noted

īnstāns, -antis, adj. [part. of īnsto, be at hand], present, immediate

īn-stō, -āre, -stitī, -statūrus [in, upon, + stō, stand], stand upon; be at hand; pursue, press on

īnstrūmentum, -ī, n. instrument

īn-struō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctus [in, on, + struō, build], draw up

īnsula, -ae, f. island

integer, -gra, -grum, untouched, whole; fresh, new

intellegō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctus [inter, between, +legō, choose], perceive, understand (§ 420. d)

intentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, aim; threaten

inter, prep. with acc. between, among; during, while (§ 340)

interfectus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of inter-ficiō, kill], slain, dead

inter-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [inter, between, + faciō, make], put out of the way, kill. Cf. necō, occīdō, trucīdō

interim, adv. meanwhile

interior, -ius, adj. interior, inner (§ 315)

inter-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus, leave off, suspend

interpres, -etis, m. and f. interpreter

inter-rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, question

inter-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus [inter, between, +sum, be], be present, take part in, with dat. (§ 501.15)

inter-vāllum, -ī, n. interval, distance

intrā, adv. and prep. with acc. within, in

intrō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus, go into, enter

in-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus [in, upon, +veniō, come], find

invīsus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of invideō, envy], hated, detested

Iolāus, -ī, m. I-o-lā´us, a friend of Hercules

ipse, -a, -um, intensive pron. that very, this very; self, himself, herself, itself, (§ 481)

īra, -ae, f. wrath, anger

īrātus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of īrāscor, be angry], angered, enraged

is, ea, id, demonstrative adj. and pron. this, that; he, she, it (§ 481)

iste, -a, -ud, demonstrative adj. and pron. that (of yours), he, she, it (§ 481)

ita, adv. so, thus. Cf. sīc and tam

Italia, -ae, f. Italy

ita-que, conj. and so, therefore

item, adv. also

iter, itineris, n. journey, march, route; way, passage (§§ 247.1.a; ).

iter dare, give a right of way, allow to pass.

iter facere, march (see p. 159)

iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussus, order, command. Usually with the infin. and subj. acc. (§ 213)

iūdex, -icis, m. and f. judge (§ 464. 1)

iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [iūdex, judge], judge, decide (§ 420. c)

Iūlia, -ae, Julia, a Roman name

Iūlius, Iūlī, m. Julius, a Roman name

iungō, -ēre, iūnxī, iūnctus, join; yoke, harness

Iūnō, -ōnis, f. Juno, the queen of the gods and wife of Jupiter

Iuppiter, Iovis, m. Jupiter, the supreme god

iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, swear, take an oath

iussus, -a, -um, part. of iubeō, ordered

L

L., abbreviation for Lūcius

labefactus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of labefaciō, cause to shake], shaken, weakened, ready to fall

Labiēnus, -ī, m. La-bi-e´nus, one of Cæsar’s lieutenants

labor, -ōris, m. labor, toil

labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [labor, labor], labor; suffer, be hard pressed

lacrima, -ae, f. tear

lacus, -ūs (dat. and abl. plur. lacubus), m. lake

laetē, adv. [laetus, glad], compared laetius, laetissimē, gladly

laetitia, -ae, f. [laetus, glad], joy

laetus, -a, -um, adj. glad, joyful

lapis, -idis, m. stone (§§ 247.2.a; 464.1)

Lār, Laris, m.; plur. Larēs, -um (rarely -ium), the Lares or household, gods

lātē, adv. [lātus, wide], compared lātius, lātissimē, widely

Latinē, adv. in Latin.

Latīnē loquī, to speak Latin

lātitūdō, -inis, f. [lātus, wide], width

Lātōna, -ae, f. Latona, mother of Apollo and Diana

latus, -a, -um, adj. wide

lātus, -eris, n. side, flank.

ab utrōque latere, on each side

laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [laus, praise], praise

laurea, -ae, f. laurel

laureātus, -a, -um, adj. crowned with laurel

laus, laudis, f. praise

lectulus, -ī, m. couch, bed

lēgātus, -ī, m. ambassador; lieutenant

legiō, -ōnis, f. [cf. legō, gather], (body of soldiers), legion, about 3600 men (§ 464. 2. a)

legiōnārius, -a, -um, adj. legionary. Plur. legiōnariī, -ōrum, m. the soldiers of the legion

legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctus, read

lēnis, -e, adj. gentle, smooth, mild

lēniter, adv. [lēnis, gentle], compared lēnius, lēnissimē, gently

Lentulus, -i, m. Lentulus, a Roman family name

leō, -ōnis, m. lion

Lernaeus, -a, -um, adj. Lernæean, of Lerna, in southern Greece

Lesbia, -ae, f. Lesbia, a girl’s name

levis, -e, adj. light

lēx, lēgis, f. measure, law

libenter, adv. [libēns, willing], compared libentius, libentissimē, willingly, gladly

līber, -era, -erum, adj. free (§ 469. b)

līberī, -ōrum, m. [līber, free], children

līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [līber, free], set free, release, liberate

lībertās, -ātis, f. [līber, free], freedom, liberty

līctor, -ōris, m. lictor (p. 225)

līmus, -ī, m. mud

littera, -ae, f. a letter of the alphabet; in plur. a letter, epistle

lītus, -oris, n. seashore, beach

locus, -ī, m. (plur. locī and loca, m. and n.), place, spot

longē, adv. [longus, long], comp. longius, longissimē, a long way off; by far

longinquus, -a, -um, adj. [longus, long], distant, remote

longitūdō, -inis, f. [longus, long], length

longus, -a, -um, adj. long

loquor, loqui, locūtus sum, dep. verb, talk, speak

lōrīca, -ae, f. [lōrum, thong], coat of mail, corselet

lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsus, play

lūdus, -ī, m. play; school, the elementary grades. Cf. schola

lūna, -ae, f. moon

lūx, lūcis, f. (no gen. plur.), light.

prīma lūx, daybreak

Lȳdia, -ae, f. Lydia, a girl’s name

M

M., abbreviation for Mārcus

magicus, -a, -um, adj. magic

magis, adv. in comp. degree [magnus, great], more, in a higher degree (§ 323)

magister, -trī, m. master, commander; teacher

magistrātus, -ūs, m. [magister, master], magistracy; magistrate

magnitūdō, -inis, f. [magnus, great], greatness, size

magnopere, adv. [abl. of magnum opus], compared magis, maximē, greatly, exceedingly (§ 323)

magnus, -a, -um, adj., compared maior, maximus, great, large; strong, loud (§ 311)

maior, maius, -ōris, adj., comp. of magnus, greater, larger (§ 311)

maiōrēs, -um, m. plur. of maior, ancestors

mālō, mālle, māluī, —— [magis, more, + volō, wish], wish more, prefer (§ 497)

malus, -a, -um, adj., compared peior, pessimus, bad, evil (§ 311)

mandō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [manus, hand, + dō, put], (put in hand), intrust; order, command

maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsūrus, stay, remain, abide

Mānlius, Mānlī, m. Manlius, a Roman name

mānsuētus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of mānsuēscō, tame], tamed

manus, -ūs, f. hand; force, band

Mārcus, -ī, m. Marcus, Mark, a Roman first name

mare, -is, n. (no gen. plur.), sea.

mare tenēre, be out to sea

margō, -inis, m. edge, border

marītus, -ī, m. husband

Marius, Marī, m. Marius, a Roman name, esp. C. Marius, the general

Mārtius, -a, -um, adj. of Mars, esp. the Campus Martius

māter, -tris, f. mother

mātrimōnium, mātrimō´nī, n. marriage.

in mātrimōnium dūcere, marry

mātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, hasten. Cf. contendō, properō

mātūrus, -a, -um, adj. ripe, mature

maximē, adv. in superl. degree [maximus, greatest], compared magnopere, magis, maximē, especially, very much (§ 323)

maximus, -a, -um, adj., superl. of magnus, greatest, extreme (§ 311)

medius, -a, -um, adj. middle part; middle, intervening

melior, -ius, -ōris, adj., comp. of bonus, better (§ 311)

melius, adv. in comp. degree, compared bene, melius, optimē, better (§ 323)

memoria, -ae, f. [memor, mindful], memory.

memoriā tenēre, remember

mēns, mentis, f. mind. Cf. animus

mēnsis, -is, m. month (§ 247. 2. a)

mercātor, -ōris, m. [mercor, trade], trader, merchant

merīdiānus, -a, -um, adj. [merīdiēs, noon], of midday

merīdiēs, —— (acc. -em, abl. -ē), m. [medius, mid, + diēs, day], noon

metus, -ūs, m. fear, dread

meus, -a, -um, possessive adj. and pron. my, mine (§ 98)

mīles, -itis, m. soldier (§ 464. 1)

mīlitāris, -e, adj. [mīles, soldier], military.

rēs mīlitāris, science of war

mīlitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [mīles, soldier], serve as a soldier

mīlle, plur. mīlia, -ium, numeral adj. and subst. thousand (§ 479)

minimē, adv. in superl. degree, compared parum, minus, minimē, least, very little; by no means (§ 323)

minimus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared parvus, minor, minimus, least, smallest (§ 311)

minor, minus, -ōris, adj. in comp. degree, compared parvus, minor, minimus, smaller, less (§ 311)

Mīnōs, -ōis, m. Minos, a king of Crete

minus, adv. in comp. degree, compared parum, minus, minimē, less (§ 323)

Minyae, -ārum, m. the Minyae, a people of Greece

mīrābilis, -e, adj. [mīror, wonder at], wonderful, marvelous

mīror, -ārī, -ātus sum, dep. verb [mīrus, wonderful], wonder, marvel, admire

mīrus, -a, -um, adj. wonderful

Mīsēnum, -ī, Mise´num, a promontory and harbor on the coast of Campania. See map

miser, -era, -erum, adj. wretched, unhappy, miserable

missus, -a, -um, part. of mittō, sent

mittō, -ere, mīsī, missus, send

modicus, -a, -um [modus, measure], modest, ordinary

modo, adv. [abl. of modus, measure, with shortened o], only, merely, just now.

modo ... modo, now ... now, sometimes ... sometimes

modus, -ī, m. measure; manner, way; kind

moenia, -ium, n. plur. [cf. mūniō, fortify], walls, ramparts

molestē, adv. [molestus, troublesome], compared molestius, molestissimē, annoyingly.

molestē ferre, to be annoyed

molestus, -a, -um, troublesome, annoying, unpleasant (§ 501.16)

moneō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, remind, advise, warn (§ 489)

mōns, montis, m. mountain (§ 247. 2. a)

mōnstrum, -ī, n. monster

mora, -ae, f. delay

moror, -ārī, -ātus sum, dep. verb [mora, delay], delay, linger; impede

mors, mortis, f. [cf. morior, die], death

mōs, mōris, m. custom, habit

mōtus, -ūs, m. [cf. moveō, move], motion, movement.

terrae mōtus, earthquake

moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtus, move

mox, adv. soon, presently

mulier, -eris, f. woman

multitūdō, -inis, f. [multus, much], multitude

multum (multō), adv. [multus, much], compared plūs, plūrimum, much (§ 477)

multus, -a, -um, adj., compared plūs, plūrimus, much; plur. many (§ 311)

mūniō, -īre, -īvī or -iī, -ītus, fortify, defend

mūnītiō, -ōnis, f. [mūniō, fortify], defense, fortification

mūrus, -ī, m. wall. Cf. moenia

mūsica, -ae, f. music

N

nam, conj. for. Cf. enim

nam-que, conj., a strengthened nam, introducing a reason or explanation, for, and in fact; seeing that

nārrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, tell, relate

nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum, dep. verb, be born, spring from

nātūra, -ae, f. nature

nātus, part. of nāscor

nauta, -ae, m. [for nāvita, from nāvis, ship], sailor

nāvālis, -e, adj. [nāvis, ship], naval

nāvigium, nāvi´gī, n. ship, boat

nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [nāvis, ship, + agō, drive], sail, cruise

nāvis, -is (abl. -ī or -e), f. ship (§ 243. 1).

nāvem cōnscendere, embark, go on board.

nāvem solvere, set sail.

nāvis longa, man-of-war

nē, conj. and adv. in order that not, that (with verbs of fearing), lest; not.

nē ... quidem, not even

-ne, interrog. adv., enclitic (see §§ 16, ). Cf. nōnne and num

nec or neque, conj. [nē, not, + que, and], and not, nor.

nec ... nec or neque ... neque, neither ... nor

necessārius, -a, -um, adj. needful, necessary

necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [cf. nex, death], kill. Cf. interficiō, occīdō, trucīdō

negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, deny, say not (§ 420. a)

negōtium, negō´tī, n. [nec, not, + ōtium, ease], business, affair, matter.

alicui negōtium dare, to employ some one

Nemaeus, -a, -um, adj. Neme´an, of Neme´a, in southern Greece

nēmŏ, dat. nēminī (gen. nūllīus, abl. nūllō, supplied from nūllus), m. and f. [nē, not, + homō, man], (not a man), no one, nobody

Neptūnus, -ī, m. Neptune, god of the sea, brother of Jupiter

neque, see nec

neuter, -tra, -trum (gen. -trīus, dat. -trī), adj. neither (of two) (§ 108)

nē-ve, conj. adv. and not, and that not, and lest

nihil, n. indecl. [nē, not, + hīlum, a whit], nothing.

nihil posse, to have no power

nihilum, -ī, n., see nihil

Niobē, -ēs, f. Ni´obe, the queen of Thebes whose children were destroyed by Apollo and Diana

nisi, conj. [nē, not, + sī, if], if not, unless, except

nōbilis, -e, adj. well known; noble

noceō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus [cf. necō, kill], hurt, injure, with dat. (§ 501.14)

noctū, abl. used as adv. [cf. nox, night], at night, by night

Nōla, -ae, f. Nola, a town in central Campania. See map

nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, —— [ne, not, + volō, wish], not to wish, be unwilling (§ 497)

nōmen, -inis, n. [cf. nōscō, know], (means of knowing), name

nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [nōmen, name], name, call. Cf. appellō, vocō

nōn, adv. [nē, not, + ūnum, one], not.

nōn sōlum ... sed etiam, not only ... but also

nōn-dum, adv. not yet

nōn-ne, interrog. adv. suggesting an affirmative answer, not? (§ 210). Cf. -ne and num

nōs, pers. pron. we (see ego) (§ 480)

noster, -tra, -trum, possessive adj. and pron. our, ours. Plur. nostrī, -ōrum, m. our men (§ 98)

novem, indecl. numeral adj. nine

novus, -a, -um, adj. new.

novae rēs, a revolution

nox, noctis, f. night, multā nocte, late at night

nūllus, -a, -um (gen. -īus, dat. -ī) adj. [nē, not, + ūllus, any], not any, none, no (§ 108)

num, interrog. adv. suggesting a negative answer (§ 210). Cf. -ne and nōnne. In indir. questions, whether

numerus, -ī, m. number

numquam, adv. [nē, not, + umquam, ever], never

nunc, adv. now. Cf. iam

nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [nūntius, messenger], report, announce (§ 420. a)

nūntius, nūntī, m. messenger

nūper, adv. recently, lately, just now

nympha, -ae, f. nymph

O

ob, prep. with acc. on account of. In compounds it often means in front of, against, or it is intensive.

quam ob rem, for this reason (§ 340)

obses, -idis, m. and f. hostage

ob-sideō,-ēre,-sēdī, -sessus [ob, against, + sedeō, sit], besiege

obtineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentus [ob, against, + teneō, hold], possess, occupy, hold

occāsiō, -ōnis, f. favorable opportunity, favorable moment

occāsus, -ūs, m. going down, setting

occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus [ob, down, + caedō, strike], strike down; cut down, kill. Cf. interficiō, necō

occupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [ob, completely, + capiō, take], seize, take possession of, occupy. Cf. rapio

oc-currō, -ere, -currī, -cursus [ob, against + currō, run], run towards; meet, with dat. (§ 426)

ōceanus, -ī, m. the ocean

octō, indecl. numeral adj. eight

oculus, -ī, m. eye

officium, offi´cī, n. duty

ōlim, adv. formerly, once upon a time

ōmen, -inis, n. sign, token, omen

ō-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus [ob, over, past, + mittō, send], let go, omit.

consilium omittere, give up a plan

omnīnō, adv. [omnis, all], altogether, wholly, entirely

omnis, -e, adj. all, every. Cf. tōtus

onerāria, -ae, f. [onus, load], with nāvis expressed or understood, merchant vessel, transport

onus, -eris, n. load, burden

opīniō, -ōnis, f. [opīnor, suppose], opinion, supposition, expectation

oppidānus, -ī, m. [oppidum, town], townsman

oppidum, -ī, n. town, stronghold

opportūnus, -a, -um, adj. suitable, opportune, favorable

op-primō, -ere, -pressī, -pressus [ob, against, + premō, press], (press against), crush; surprise

oppugnātiō, -ōnis, f. storming, assault

oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [ob, against, + pugnō fight], fight against, assault, storm, assail

optimē, adv. in superl. degree, compared bene, melius, optimē, very well, best of all (§ 323)

optimus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared bonus, melior, optimus, best, most excellent (§ 311)

opus, -eris, n. work, labor, task (§ 464. 2. b)

ōrāculum, -ī, n. [ōrō, speak], oracle

ōrātor, -ōris, m. [ōrō, speak], orator

orbis, -is, m. ring, circle.

orbis terrārum, the earth, world

orbita, -ae, f. [orbis, wheel], rut

Orcus, -ī, m. Orcus, the lower world

ōrdō, -inis, m. row, order, rank (§ 247. 2. a)

orīgo, -inis, f. [orior, rise], source, origin

orior, -īrī, ortus sum, dep. verb, arise, rise, begin; spring, be born

ōrnāmentum, -ī, n. [ōrnō, fit out], ornament, jewel

ōrnātus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of ōrnō, fit out] fitted out; adorned

ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, fit out, adorn

P

P., abbreviation for Pūblius

paene, adv. nearly, almost

palūdāmentum, -ī, n. military cloak

palūs, -ūdis, f. swamp, marsh

pānis, -is, m. bread

pār, paris, adj. equal (§ 471. III)

parātus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of parō, prepare], prepared, ready

parcō, -ere, peper´cī (parsī), parsūrus, spare, with dat. (§ 501.14)

pāreō, -ēre, -uī, ——, obey, with dat. (§ 501 .14)

parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, prepare for, prepare; provide, procure

pars, partis, f. part, share; side, direction

parum, adv., compared minus, minimē, too little, not enough (§ 323)

parvus, -a, -um, adj., compared minor, minimus, small, little (§ 311)

passus, -ūs, m. step, pace.

mīlle passuum, thousand paces, mile (§ 331. b)

pateō, -ēre, patuī, ——, lie open, be open; stretch, extend

pater, -tris, m. father (§ 464. 2. a)

patior, -ī, passus sum, dep. verb, bear, suffer, allow, permit

patria, -ae, f. [cf. pater, father], fatherland, (one’s) country

paucus, -a, -um, adj. (generally plur.), few, only a few

paulisper, adv. for a little while

paulō, adv. by a little, little

paulum adv. a little, somewhat

pāx, pācis, f. (no gen. plur.), peace

pecūnia, -ae, f. [pecus, cattle], money

pedes, -itis, m. [pēs, foot], foot soldier

pedester, -tris, -tre, adj. [pēs, foot], on foot; by land

peior, peius, -ōris, adj. in comp. degree, compared malus, peior, pessimus, worse (§ 311)

pellis, -is, f. skin, hide

penna, -ae, f. feather

per, prep. with acc. through, by means of, on account of. In composition it often has the force of thoroughly, completely, very (§ 340)

percussus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of percutiō, strike through], pierced

per-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus [per, through, + dūcō, lead], lead through.

fossam perdūcere, to construct a ditch

per-exiguus, -a, -um, adj. [per, very, + exiguus, small], very small, very short

perfidus, -a, -um, adj. faithless, treacherous, false

per-fringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctus [per, through, frangō, break], shatter

pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctus [per, through, + regō, conduct], go on, proceed, hasten

perīculum, -ī, n. trial, test; danger

peristȳlum, -ī, n. peristyle, an open court with columns around it

perītus, -a, -um, adj. skillful

perpetuus, -a, -um, adj. perpetual

Perseus, -eī, Perseus, a Greek hero, son of Jupiter and Danaë

persōna, -ae, f. part, character, person

per-suādeō, -ēre, -suāsī, -suāsus [per, thoroughly, + suādeō, persuade], persuade, advise, with dat. (§ 501.14), often with an object clause of purpose (§ 501.41)

per-terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus [per, thoroughly, + terreō, frighten], thoroughly terrify, alarm

per-veniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventus [per, through, + veniō, come], arrive, reach, come to

pēs, pedis, m. foot.

pedem referre, retreat (§ 247. 2. a)

pessimus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared malus, peior, pessimus, worst (§ 311)

petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītus, strive for, seek, beg, ask; make for, travel to. Cf. postulō, quaerō, rogō

Pharsālus, -ī, f. Pharsa´lus or Pharsa´lia, a town in Thessaly, near which

Cassar defeated Pompey, 48 B.C.

philosophia, -ae, f. philosophy

philosophus, -ī, m. philosopher

pictus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of pingō, paint], colored, variegated

pīlum, -ī, n. spear, javelin (§ 462. b)

piscīna, -ae, f. [piscis, fish], fish pond

piscis, -is, m. fish

pīstor, -ōris, m. baker

placeō. -ēre, -uī, -itus, please, be pleasing,

with dat. (§ 501.14)

plānitiēs, -ēī, f. [plānus, level], plain

plānus, -a, -um, adj. level, flat

plēnus, -a, -um, full

plūrimum, adv. in superl. degree, compared multum, plūs, plūrimum, very much.

plūrimum valēre, be most influential (§ 322)

plūrimus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared multus, plūs, plūrimus, most, very many (§ 311)

plūs, plūris, adj. in comp. degree, compared multus, plūs, plūrimus; sing. n. as substantive, more; plur. more, several (§ 311)

pluteus, -ī, m. shield, parapet

poena, -ae, f. punishment, penalty

poēta, -ae, m. poet

pompa, -ae, f. procession

Pompēiī, -ōrum, m. Pompeii, a city of Campania. See map

Pompēius, Pompē´ī, m. Pompey, a Roman name

pōmum, -ī, n. apple

pōnō, -ere, posuī, positus, put, place.

castra pōnere, pitch camp

pōns, pontis, m. bridge (§ 247. 2. a)

popīna, -ae, f. restaurant

populus, -ī, m. people

Porsena, -ae, m. Porsena, king of Etruria, a district of Italy. See map

porta, -ae, f. gate, door

portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, bear, carry

portus, -ūs, m. [cf. porta, gate], harbor

possideō, -ēre, -sēdī, -sessus, have, own, possess

possum, posse, potuī, ——, irreg. verb [potis, able, + sum, I am], be able, can (§ 495).

nihil posse, have no power

post, prep, with acc. after, behind (§ 340)

posteā, adv. [post, after, + eā, this], afterwards

(posterus), -a, -um, adj., compared posterior, postrēmus or postumus, following, next (§ 312)

postquam, conj. after, as soon as

postrēmō, adv. [abl. of postrēmus, last], at last, finally. Cf. dēmum, dēnique (§ 322)

postrīdiē, adv. [posterō, next, + diē, day], on the next day

postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, ask, demand, require. Cf. petō, quaerō, rogō

potentia, -ae, f. [potēns, able], might, power, force

prae-beō, -ēre, -uī, -itus [prae, forth, + habeō, hold], offer, give

praeda, -ae, f. booty, spoil, plunder

prae-dīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictus [prae, before, + dīcō, tell], foretell, predict

prae-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [prae, before, + faciō, make], place in command, with acc. and dat. (§ 501.15)

prae-mittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus [prae, forward, + mittō, send], send forward

praemium, praemī, n. reward, prize

praeruptus, -a, -um [part. of prae-rumpō, break off], broken off, steep

praesēns, -entis, adj. present, immediate

praesertim, adv. especially, chiefly

praesidium, praesi´di, n. guard, garrison, protection

prae-stō, -āre, -stitī, -stitus [prae, before, + sto, stand], (stand before), excel, surpass, with dat. (§ 501.15); show, exhibit

prae-sum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus [prae, before, + sum, be], be over, be in command of, with dat. (§ 501.15)

praeter, prep, with acc. beyond, contrary to (§ 340)

praetereā, adv. [praeter, besides, + eā, this], in addition, besides, moreover

praetextus, -a, -um, adj. bordered, edged

praetōrium, praetō´rī, n. prætorium

prandium, prandī, n. luncheon

premō, -ere, pressī, pressus, press hard, compress; crowd, drive, harass

(prex, precis), f. prayer

prīmō, adv. [prīmus, first], at first, in the beginning (§ 322)

prīmum, adv. [prīmus, first], first.

quam primum, as soon as possible

prīmus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared prior, prīmus, first (§ 315)

prīnceps, -cipis, m. [prīmus, first, + capiō, take], (taking the first place), chief, leader (§ 464. 1)

prior, prius, -ōris, adj. in comp. degree, superl., prīmus, former (§ 315)

prīstinus, -a, -um, adj. former, previous

prō, prep, with abl. before; for, for the sake of, in behalf of; instead of, as (§ 209). In composition, forth, forward

prō-cēdō, -ere, -cussī, -cessūrus [prō, forward, + cēdō, go], go forward, proceed

procul, adv. far, afar off

prō-currō, -ere, -currī (-cucurrī), -cur-sus [prō, forward, + currō, run], run forward

proelium, proeli, n. battle, combat.

proelium committere, join battle.

proelium facere, fight a battle

profectiō, -ōnis, f. departure

proficīscor, -ī, -fectus sum, dep. verb, set out, march. Cf. ēgredior, exeō

prō-gredior, -ī, -gressus sum, dep. verb [prō, forth, + gradior, go], go forth, proceed, advance. Cf. pergō, prōcēdō

prōgressus, see prōgredior

prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus [prō, forth, away from, + habeō, hold], keep away from, hinder, prevent

prō-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtus [prō, forward, + moveō, move], move forward, advance

prō-nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [prō, forth, + nūntiō, announce], proclaim, declare

prope, adv., compared propius, proxi-mē, nearly. Prep, with acc. near

prō-pellō, -ere, -pulī, -pulsus [prō, forth, + pellō, drive], drive forth; move, impel

properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [properus, quick], go quickly, hasten. Cf. contendō, maturō

propinquus, -a, -um, adj. [prope, near], near, neighboring

propior, -ius, -ōris, adj. in comp. degree, superl., proximus, nearer (§ 315)

propius, adv. in comp. degree, compared prope, propius, proximē, nearer (§ 323)

propter, prep. with acc. on account of, because of (§ 340)

prō-scrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scriptus [prō, forth, + scribō, write], proclaim, publish. Cf. prōnūntiō

prō-sequor, -sequī, -secūtus sum, dep. verb [prō, forth, + sequor, follow], escort, attend

prō-sum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus [prō, for, + sum, be], be useful, benefit, with dat. (§§ 496; .15)

prō-tegō, -ere, -tēx=i], -tēctus [prō, in front, + tegō, cover], cover in front, protect

prōvincia, -ae, f. territory, province

proximē, adv. in superl. degree, compared prope, propius, proximē, nearest, next; last, most recently (§ 323)

proximus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared propior, proximus, nearest, next (§ 315)

pūblicus, -a, -um, adj. [populus,people], of the people, public, res pūblica, the commonwealth

puella, -ae, f. [diminutive of puer, boy], girl, maiden

puer, -eri, m. boy; slave (§ 462. c)

pugna, -ae, f -fight, battle. Cf. proelium

pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [pugna, battle], fight. Cf. contendō, dīmicō

pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj. beautiful, pretty (§§ 469.b; )

Pullō, -ōnis, m. Pullo, a centurion

pulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, strike, beat

puppis, -is (acc. -im, abl. -ī), f. stern of a ship, deck

pūrē, adv. [pūrus, pure], comp. pūrius, purely

pūrgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, cleanse, clean

purpureus, -a, -um, adj. purple, dark red

putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, reckon, think (§ 420,c). Cf. arbitror, exīstimō

Pȳthia, -ae, f. Pythia, the inspired priestess of Apollo at Delphi

Q

quā dē causā, for this reason, wherefore

quā rē, therefore, for this reason

quaerō, -ere, -sīvī, -sītus, seek, ask, inquire. Cf. petō, postulō, rogō

quālis, -e, interrog. pronom. adj. of what sort, what kind of.

talis ... qualis, such ... as

quam, adv. how; after a comparative, than ; with a superlative, translated as ... as possible, quam prīmum, as soon as possible

quantus, -a, -um, adj. [quam, how], how great, how much, tantus ... quantus, as great as

quārtus, -a, -um, numeral adj. [quattuor, four], fourth

quattuor, indecl. numeral adj. four

quattuor-decim, indecl. numeral adj. fourteen

-que, conj., enclitic, and (§ 16). Cf. ac, atque, et

quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. and adj. who, which, what, that (§ 482)

quia, conj. because. Cf. quod

quīdam, quaedam, quiddam (quoddam), indef. pron. and adj. a certain one, a certain, a (§ 485).

quidem, adv. to be sure, certainly, indeed, nē ... quidem, not even

quiēs, -ētis, f. rest, repose

quiētus, -a, -um, adj. quiet, restful

quīndecim, indecl. numeral adj. fifteen

quīngentī, -ae, -a, numeral adj. five hundred

quīnque, indecl. numeral adj. five

quīntus, -a, -um, numeral adj. fifth

quis (quī), quae, quid (quod), interrog. pron. and adj. who? what? which? (§ 483).

quis (quī), qua (quae), quid (quod), indef. pron. and adj., used after sī, nisi, nē, num, any one, anything, some one, something, any, some (§ 484).

quisquam, quicquam or quidquam (no fem. or plur.), indef. pron. any one (at all), anything (at all) (§ 486).

quisque, quaeque, quidque (quodque), indef. pron. and adj. each, each one, every (§ 484).

quō, interrog. and rel. adv. whither, where

quō, conj. in order to, that, with comp. degree (§ 350).

quod, conj. because, in that. Cf. quia

quoque, conj., following an emphatic word, also, too. Cf. etiam

quot-annīs, adv. [quot, how many + annus, year], every year, yearly

quotiēns, interrog. and rel. adv. how often? as often as

R

rādīx, -īcis, f. root; foot

rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tus, seize, snatch

rārō, adv. [rārus, rare], rarely

rārus, -a, -um, adj. rare

re- or red-, an inseparable prefix, again, back, anew, in return

rebelliō, -ōnis, f. renewal of war, rebellion

recēns, -entis, adj. recent

re-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus [re-, back, + capiō, take], take back, receive.

sē recipere, withdraw, retreat

re-clīnātus, -a, -um, part. of reclīnō, leaning back

re-creātus, -a, -um, part. of recreō, refreshed

rēctus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of regō, keep straight], straight, direct

re-cūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, refuse

red-āctus, -a, -um, part. of redigō, reduced, subdued

red-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus [red-, back, + eō, go], go back, return (§ 413). Cf. revertō

reditus, -ūs, m. [cf. redeō, return], return, going back

re-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus [re-, back, + dūcō, lead], lead back

re-ferō, -ferre, rettulī, -lātus [re-, back, + ferō, bear], bear back; report.

pedem referre, withdraw, retreat

re-ficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectus [re-, again, + faciō, make], make again, repair.

sē reficere, refresh one’s self

rēgīna, -ae, f. [rēx, king], queen

regiō, -ōnis, f. region, district

rēgnum, -ī, n. sovereignty; kingdom

regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctus [cf. rēx, king], govern, rule (§ 490)

re-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus [re-, back, + iaciō, hurl], hurl back; throw away

re-linquō, -ere, -līquī, -lictus [re-, behind, + linquō, leave], leave behind, leave, abandon

reliquus, -a, -um, adj. [cf. relinquō, leave], left over, remaining. As a noun, plur. the rest

remōtus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of re-moveō, remove], remote, distant

re-moveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -motus [re-, back, + moveō, move], remove

rēmus, -ī, m. oar

re-periō, -īre, repperī, repertus, find

re-portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [re-, back, + portō, carry], carry back, bring back, win, gain

rēs, reī, f. thing, business, matter, deed, event, circumstance (§ 467).

quam ob rem, for this reason.

rēs adversae, adversity.

rēs frūmentāria, grain supplies.

rēs gestae, exploits.

rēs militāris, science of war.

rēs pūblica, the commonwealth.

rēs secundae, prosperity

re-scindō, -ere, -scidī, -scissus [re-, back, + scindō, cut], cut off, cut down

re-sistō, -ere, -stitī, —— [re-, back, + sistō, cause to stand], oppose, resist, with dat. (§ 501.14)

re-spondeō, -ēre, -spondī, -spōnsus [re-, in return, + spondeō, promise], answer, reply (§ 420. a)

re-vertō, -ere, -ī, ——, or dep. verb re-vertor, -ī, -sus sum [re-, back, + vertō, turn], turn back, return. Usually active in the perf. system

re-vinciō, -īre, -vīnxī, -vīnctus [re-, back, + vinciō, bind], fasten

rēx, rēgis, m. [cf. regō, rule], king

Rhēnus, -ī, m. the Rhine, a river of Germany

rīpa, -ae, f. bank

rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, ask. Cf. petō, postulō, quaerō

Rōma, -ae, f. Rome. See map

Rōmānus, -a, -um, adj. [Rōma, Rome], Roman, follows its noun. As a noun, m. and f. a Roman

rosa, -ae, f. rose

rōstrum, -ī, n. beak of a ship. In plur., the rostra, the speaker’s stand in the Roman Forum

rota, -ae, f. wheel

Rubicō, -ōnis, m. the Rubicon, a river in northern Italy. See map

rūmor, -ōris, m. report, rumor

rūrsus, adv. [for reversus, turned back], again, in turn

rūs, rūris (locative abl. rūrī, no gen., dat., or abl. plur.), n. the country (§ 501. 36. 1). Cf. ager, patria, terra

S

Sabīnus, -a, -um, adj. Sabine. As a noun, m. and f. a Sabine. The Sabines were an ancient people of central Italy. See map

sacrum, -ī, n. [sacer, consecrated], something consecrated, sacrifice; usually in plur., religious rites

saepe, adv., compared saepius, saepissimē, often, frequently

saevus, -a, -um, adj. cruel, savage

sagitta, -ae, f. arrow

saliō, -īre, -uī, saltus, jump

salūs, -ūtis, f. safety; health.

salūtem dīcere, send greetings

salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [salūs, health], greet, salute

salvē, imv. of salveō, hail, greetings

sanguis, -inis, m. blood (§ 247. 2. a]

sānitās, -ātis, f. [sānus, sound], health, sanity

sapiēns, -entis, adj. [part. of sapiō, be wise], wise, sensible

satis, adv. and indecl. noun, enough, sufficient, sufficiently

saxum, -ī, n. rock, stone

scelus, -eris, n. crime, sin

scēptrum, -ī, n. scepter

schola, -ae, f. school, the higher grades. Cf. lūdus

scientia, -ae, f. [sciēns, knowing], skill, knowledge, science

scindō, -ere, scidī, scissus, cut, tear

sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus, know (§ 420. b). Cf. cognōscō

scrībō, -ere, scrīpsī, scrīptus, write

scūtum, -ī, n. shield, buckler

sē, see suī

sēcum = sē + cum

secundus, -a, -um, adj. [sequor, follow], following, next, second; favorable, successful.

rēs secundae, prosperity

sed, conj. but, on the contrary.

nōn sōlum ... sed etiam, not only ... but also

sēdecim, indecl. numeral adj. sixteen

sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessus, sit

semper, adv. always, forever

senātus, -ūs, m. [cf. senex, old], council of elders, senate

sentiō, -īre, sēnsī, sēnsus, feel, know, perceive (§ 420. d). Cf. intellegō, videō

septem, indecl. numeral adj. seven

septimus, -a, -um, numeral adj. seventh

sequor, -ī, secūtus sum, dep. verb, follow (§ 493)

serpēns, -entis, f. [serpō, crawl], serpent, snake

sertae, -ārum, f. plur. wreaths, garlands

servitūs, -ūtis, f. [servus, slave], slavery, servitude

servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, save, rescue, keep

servus, -ī, m. slave

sēsē, emphatic for sē

sex, indecl. numeral adj. six

Sextus, -ī, m. Sextus, a Roman first name

sī, conj. if

sīc, adv. thus, in this way. Cf. ita, tam

Sicilia, -ae, f. Sicily. See map

sīc-ut, just as, as if

signifer, -erī, m. [signum, standard, + ferō, bear], standard bearer (p. 224)

signum, -ī, n. ensign, standard; signal

silva, -ae, f. wood, forest

similis, -e, adj., compared similior, simillimus, like, similar (§ 307)

simul, adv. at the same time

simul ac or simul atque, conj. as soon as

sine, prep. with abl. without (§ 209)

singulī, -ae, -a, distributive numeral adj. one at a time, single (§ 334)

sinister, -tra, -trum, adj. left

Sinuessa, -ae, f. Sinues´sa, a town in Campania. See map

sitis, -is (acc. -im, abl. -ī, no plur.), f. thirst

situs, -a, -um, adj. [part. of sinō, set], situated, placed, lying

socius, socī, m. comrade, ally

sōl, sōlis (no gen. plur.), m. sun

soleō, -ēre, solitus sum, semi-dep. verb, be wont, be accustomed

sollicitus, -a, -um, adj. disturbed, anxious

sōlum, adv. [sōlus, alone], alone, only.

nōn sōlum ... sed etiam, not only ... but also

sōlus, -a, -um (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), adj. alone, only (§ 108)

solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtus, loosen, unbind.

nāvem solvere, set sail

somnus, -ī, m. sleep

soror, -ōris, f. sister

spatium, spatī, n. space, distance; time; opportunity

spectāculum, -ī, n. [spectō, look at], show, spectacle

spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, look at, witness

spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [spēs, hope], hope, expect (§ 420. c)

spēs, speī, f. hope (§ 273. 2)

splendidē, adv. [splendidus], compared splendidius, splendidissimē, splendidly, handsomely

splendidus, -a, -um, adj. brilliant, gorgeous, splendid

Stabiānus, -a, -um, Stabian

stabulum, -ī, n. [cf. stō, stand], standing place, stable, stall

statim, adv. [cf. stō, stand], on the spot, at once, instantly

statua, -ae, f. [sistō, place, set], statue

statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtus [status, station], decide, determine

stilus, -ī, m. iron pencil, style (p. 210)

stō, -āre, stetī, status, stand

strātus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of sternō, spread], paved (of streets)

strepitus, -ūs, m. [strepō, make a noise], noise, din

stringō, -ere, strīnxī, strictus, bind tight; draw, unsheathe

studeō, -ēre, -uī, ——, give attention to, be eager, with dat. (§ 501.14)

studium, studī, n. [cf. studeō, be eager for], eagerness, desire, zeal, devotion

stultus, -a, -um, adj. foolish, stupid

Stymphālis, -idis, adj. f. Stymphalian, of Stympha´lus, a lake in southern Greece

Stymphālus, -ī, m. Stympha´lus, a district of southern Greece with a town, mountain, and lake, all of the same name

suādeō, -ēre, -sī, -sus, advise, recommend, with subjv. of purpose (§ 501.41)

sub, prep, with acc. and abl. under, below, up to; at or to the foot of

sub-igō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctus [sub, under, + agō, drive], subdue, reduce

subitō, adv. [subitus, sudden], suddenly

sub-sequor, -ī, -secūtus sum, dep. verb [sub, below, + sequor, follow], follow close after, follow up

suc-cēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessus [sub, below, + cēdō, go], follow, succeed

suī, reflexive pron. of himself (herself, itself, themselves) (§ 480).

sēcum = sē + cum.

sēsē, emphatic form of sē

sum, esse, fuī, futūrus, irreg. verb, be; exist (§ 494)

summus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree, compared superus, superior, suprēmus or summus (§ 312), supreme, highest; best, greatest.

in summō colle, on the top of the hill

sūmō, -ere, sūmpsī, sūmptus, take up; assume, put on.

sūmere supplicium dē, inflict punishment on

super, prep. with acc. and abl. over, above

superbia, -ae, f. [superbus, proud], pride, arrogance

superbus, -a, -um, adj. proud, haughty

superior, comp. of superus

superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [superus, above], go over; subdue, overcome; surpass, excel

super-sum, -esse, -fuī, ——, be over, survive, with dat. (§ 501.15)

superus, -a, -um, adj., compared superior, suprēmus or summus, above, upper (§ 312)

supplicium, suppli´cī, n. [supplex, kneeling in entreaty], punishment, torture.

supplicium sūmere dē, inflict punishment on.

supplicium dare, suffer punishment

surgō, -ere, surrēxī, —— [sub, from below, + regō, straighten], rise

sus-cipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptus [sub, under, + capiō, take], undertake, assume, begin

suspicor, -ārī, -ātus sum, dep. verb, suspect, surmise, suppose

sus-tineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentus [sub, under, + teneō, hold], hold up, bear, sustain, withstand

suus, -a, -um, reflexive possessive adj. and pron., his, her, hers, its, their, theirs (§ 98)

T

T., abbreviation of Titus

taberna, -ae, f. shop, stall

tabula, -ae, f. tablet for writing

tālis, -e, adj. such.

tālis ... quālis, such ... as

tam, adv. so, such. Cf. ita, sīc

tamen, adv. yet, however, nevertheless

tandem, adv. at length, finally

tangō, -ere, tetigī, tāctus, touch

tantum, adv. [tantus], only

tantus, -a, -um, adj. so great, such.

tantus ... quantus, as large as

tardus, -a, -um, adj. slow, late; lazy

Tarpēia, -ae, f. Tarpeia (pronounced Tar-pē´ya), the maiden who opened the citadel to the Sabines

Tarquinius, Tarqui´nī, Tarquin, a Roman king. With the surname Superbus, Tarquin the Proud

Tarracīna, -ae, f. Tarraci´na, a town in Latium. See map

taurus, -ī, m. bull

tēctus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of tegō, cover], covered, protected

tēlum, -ī, n. weapon

temerē, adv. rashly, heedlessly

tempestās, -ātis, f. [tempus, time] storm, tempest

templum, -ī, n. temple, shrine

tempto, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, try, test; make trial of, attempt

tempus, -oris, n. time (§ 464. 2. b). in reliquum tempus, for the future

teneō, -ēre, tenuī, ——, hold, keep

tergum, -ī, n. back, ā tergō, on the rear, tergum vertere, retreat, flee

ternī, -ae, -a, distributive numeral adj. three each, by threes (§ 334)

terra, -ae, f. earth, ground, land.

orbis terrārum, the whole world

terror, -ōris, m. [cf. terreō, frighten], dread, alarm, terror

tertius, -a, -um, numeral adj. third

Teutonēs, -um, m. the Teutons

theātrum, -ī, n. theater

Thēbae, -ārum, f. Thebes, a city of Greece

Thēbānī, -ōrum, m. Thebans, the people of Thebes

thermae, -ārum, f. plur. baths

Thessalia, -ae, f. Thessaly, a district of northern Greece

Thrācia, -ae, f. Thrace, a district north of Greece

Tiberius, Tibe´rī, m. Tiberius, a Roman first name

tībīcen, -īnis, m. [cf. tībia, pipe], piper, flute player

timeō, -ēre, -uī, ——, fear, be afraid of. Cf. vereor

timor, -ōris, m. [cf. timeō, fear], fear, dread, alarm. Cf. metus

Tīryns, Tīrynthis, f. Ti´ryns, an ancient town in southern Greece, where Hercules served Eurystheus

toga, -ae, f. [cf. tegō, cover], toga

tormentum, -ī, n. engine of war

totiēns, adv. so often, so many times

tōtus, -a, -um, (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), adj. all, the whole, entire (§ 108)

trā-dō, -ere, -didī, -ditus [trāns, across, + dō, deliver], give up, hand over, surrender, betray

trā-dūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus [trāns, across, + dūcō, lead], lead across

trahō, -ere, trāxī, trāctus, draw, pull, drag.

multum trahere, protract, prolong much

trā-iciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectus [trāns, across, + iaciō, hurl], throw across; transfix

trā-nō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [trāns, across, + nō, swim], swim across

trāns, prep. with acc. across, over (§ 340)

trāns-eō, -īre, -iī, -itus [trāns, across, + eō, go], go across, cross (§ 413)

trāns-fīgō, -ere, -fīxī, -fīxus [trāns, through, + fīgō, drive], transfix

trānsitus, —— (acc. -um, abl. -ū), m. [cf. trānseō, cross over], passage across

trēs, tria, numeral adj. three (§ 479)

trīduum, trīduī, n. [trēs, three, + diēs, days], three days’ time, three days

trīgintā, indecl. numeral adj. thirty

triplex, -icis, adj. threefold, triple

trīstis, -e, adj. sad; severe, terrible

trīstitia, -ae, f. [trīstis, sad], sadness, sorrow

triumphō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [triumphus, triumph], celebrate a triumph

triumphus, -ī, m. triumphal procession, triumph.

triumphum agere, celebrate a triumph

trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, cut to pieces, slaughter. Cf. interficiō, necō, occīdō

tū, tuī (plur. vōs), pers. pron. thou, you (§ 480)

tuba, -ae, f. trumpet

Tullia, -ae, f. Tullia, a Roman name

tum, adv. then, at that time

turris, -is, f. tower (§ 465. 2)

tūtus, -a, -um, adj. safe

tuus, -a, -um, possessive adj. and pron. your, yours (§ 98)

U

ubi, rel. and interrog. adv. where, when

ūllus, -a, -um (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), adj. any (§ 108)

ulterior, -ius, -ōris, adj. in comp. degree, superl. ultimus, farther, more remote (§ 315)

ultimus, -a, -um, adj. in superl. degree (see ulterior), farthest (§ 315)

umbra, -ae, f. shade

umerus, -ī, m. shoulder

umquam, adv. ever, at any time

ūnā, adv. [ūnus, one], in the same place, at the same time

ūndecimus, -a, -um, numeral adj. [ūnus, one, + decimus, tenth], eleventh

undique, adv. from every quarter, on all sides, everywhere

ūnus, -a, -um (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), numeral adj. one; alone (§ 108)

urbs, -is, f. city (§ 465. a)

urgeō, -ēre, ursī, ——, press upon, crowd, hem in

ūrus, -ī, m. wild ox, urus

ūsque, adv. all the way, even

ūsus, -ūs, m. use, advantage

ut, conj. with the subjv. that, in order that, that not (with verbs of fearing), so that, to (§ 350. 1)

uter, -tra, -trum (gen. -īus, dat. -ī), interrog. pron. which of two? which? (§ 108)

uterque, utraque, utrumque, indef. pron. each of two, each, both.

ab utrāque parte, on both sides

ūtilis, -e, adj. [ūtor, use], useful

utrimque, adv. [uterque, each of two], on each side, on either hand

ūva, -ae, f. grape, bunch of grapes

uxor, -ōris, f. wife

V

vāgīna, -ae, sheath, scabbard

vagor, -ārī, -ātus sum, dep. verb, wander

valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus, be powerful, be well; in the imperative as a greeting, farewell.

plūrimum valēre, have the most power

valētūdō, -inis, f. [valeō, be well], health

validus, -a, -um, adj. [cf. valeō, be strong], strong, able, well

vallēs, -is, f. valley

vāllum, -ī, n. rampart, earthworks

varius, -a, -um, adj. bright-colored

vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [vāstus, empty], (make empty), devastate, lay waste

vectīgal, -ālis, n. tax, tribute

vehementer, adv. [vehemēns, eager], compared vehementius, vehementissimē, eagerly, vehemently

vehō, -ere, vexī, vectus, convey, carry. In the passive often in the sense of ride, sail

vel, conj. or.

vel ... vel, either ... or. Cf. aut

vēlōcitās, -ātis, f. [vēlōx, swift], swiftness

vēlōx, -ōcis, adj. swift, fleet

vēlum, -ī, n. sail

vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditus, sell

veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventus, come, go

ventus, -ī, m. wind

verbum, -ī, n. word.

verba facere prō, speak in behalf of

vereor, -ērī, -itus sum, dep. verb, fear; reverence, respect (§ 493). Cf. timeō

Vergilius, Vergi´lī, m. Vergil, the poet

vergō, -ere, ——, ——, turn, lie

vērō, adv. [vērus, true], in truth, surely; conj. but, however.

tum vērō, then you may be sure, introducing the climax of a story

vertō, -ere, -tī, -sus, turn, change.

tergum vertere, retreat, flee

vērus, -a, -um, true, actual

vesper, -erī, m. evening

vester, -tra, -trum, possessive adj. and pron. your, yours (§ 98)

vestīgium, vestī´gī, n. [cf. vestīgō, track], footstep, track, trace

vestīmentum, -ī, n. [vestis, clothing], garment

vestiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus [vestis, clothing], clothe, dress

vestis, -is, f. clothing, attire, garment, robe

vestītus, -a, -um, adj. [part. of vestiō, clothe], clothed

Vesuvius, Vesu´vi, m. Vesuvius, the volcano near Pompeii. See map

veterānus, -a, -um, adj. old, veteran

vetō, -āre, -uī, -itus, forbid, prohibit

vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, trouble, annoy

via, -ae, f. way, road, street; way, manner. Cf. iter

viātor, -ōris, m. [via], traveler

victor, -ōris, m. [vincō, conquer], conqueror, victor. In apposition, with adj. force victorious

victōria, -ae, f. [victor, victor], victory

vīcus, -ī, m. village

videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsus, see, perceive. Pass. be seen; seem (§ 420. d)

vigilia, -ae, f. [vigil awake], watch.

dē tertia vigilia, about the third watch

vīgintī, indecl. numeral adj. twenty

vīlicus, -ī, m. [vīlla, farm], steward, overseer of a farm

vīlla, -ae, f. farm, villa

vinciō, -īre, vīnxī, vīnctus, bind, tie, fetter

vincō, -ere, vīcī, victus, conquer, defeat, overcome. Cf. subigō, superō

vīnea, -ae, f. shed (p. 219)

vīnum, -ī, n. wine

violenter, adv. [violentus, violent], compared violentius, violentissimē, violently, furiously

vir, virī, m. man, husband; hero (§ 462. c)

virīlis, -e, adj. [vir, man], manly

virtūs, -ūtis, f. [vir, man], manliness; courage, valor; virtue (§ 464. 1)

vīs, (vīs), f. strength, power, might, violence (§ 468)

vīta, -ae, f. [cf. vīvō, live], life, vītam agere, spend or pass life

vīto, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, shun, avoid

vīvō, -ere, vīxī, ——, live. Cf. habitō, incolō

vīvus, -a, -um, adj. [cf. vīvō, live], alive, living

vix, adv. scarcely, hardly

vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus, call, summon, invite. Cf. appellō, nōminō

volō, -āre, -āvī, -ātūrus, fly

volō, velle, voluī, ——, irreg. verb, will, be willing; wish (§ 497). Cf. cupio

volūmen, -inis, n. roll, book

Vorēnus, -ī, m. Vore´nus, a centurion

vōs, pers. pron.; you (see tū) (§ 480)

vōtum, -ī, n. [neut. part. of voveō, vow], vow, pledge, prayer

vōx, vōcis, f. [cf. vocō, call], voice, cry; word

vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [vulnus, wound], wound, hurt

vulnus, -eris, n. wound, injury

vulpēs, -īs, f. fox