[p325] Index

Adams, C. F., and E. G. Bourne, .

Adams, J. Q., as President, , .

Adams, John, as President, .

Adelaide, Australia, Froude’s description, .

Alabama claims, arbitration, .

Alexander Severus, homage to history, .

Alison, Sir Archibald, present-day reputation, .

Allison, W. B., and Hayes’s New York Custom-house appointments, ; and Silver Bill of 1878, .

American historians, European recognition, .

American Historical Association, author’s addresses before, 1 n., , ; interest of E. G. Bourne, .

American history, qualities, , –; newspapers as sources, –, –; and early English history, . See also Elections, History, Presidential, United States, and periods by name.

American Revolution, Gibbon on, .

Amyot, Jacques, on Alexander Severus, .

Ancient history, monopoly of German historians, . See also Ferrero, Gibbon, Herodotus, Tacitus, Thucydides.

Annexations, Philippines, , , , ; constitutional control, Louisiana, , ; and slavery, Texas and California, .

Arbitrary arrests during Civil War, , .

Arbitration, Alabama claims, ; Cleveland and Venezuela, , ; English draft general treaty, .

Army, Federal, and suppression of rioting, , ; character of Cromwell’s, , .

Arnold, Matthew, on Americans, ; on Sainte-Beuve, ; on criticism, .

Arthur, C. A., as President, ; removal by Hayes, .

Auckland, Lord, on agreeing with Macaulay, .

Aulard, F. A., on Taine, .

Bagehot, Walter, on presidential office, , .

Baltimore, railroad riot of 1877, .

Balzac, Honoré de, importance to historians, , .

Bancroft, George, use of footnotes, ; remuneration, ; T. W. Higginson on, over-fondness for manuscript sources, inaccuracy of quotations, .

Beauregard, P. G. T., and burning of Columbia, .

Bemis, George, and Lecky, .

Bigelow, John, as journalist, ; on importance of Godkin to The Nation, .

Bismarck, Fürst von, on power of press, .

Blaine, J. G., value of “Twenty Years,” ; on power of Congress over President, ; on Hayes and Packard, .

Boer War, Godkin on, .

Boston, H. G. Wells’s criticism considered, .

Boston Athenæum, editions of Gibbon in, .

Bourne, E. G., and preparation of author’s history, as critic, , , –; essay on, –; malady, , ; physique, ; death, ; education, ; works, –; professorships, ; on Marcus Whitman, ; on Columbus, , ; on Philippines and Monroe Doctrine, ; unfinished biography of Motley, ; critical notices, , ; thoroughness, ; interest in American Historical Association, ; desultory reading, ; and editorship of publications of Massachusetts Historical Society, .

Bowles, Samuel, as journalist, .

Brown, John, Pottawatomie Massacre and election of 1856, .

Browning, Oscar, on Carlyle, .

Brunetière, Ferdinand, on French literary masters, .

Bryan, W. J., campaign of 1896, , .

[p326]
Bryant, W. C., as journalist, ; and Greeley, .

Bryce, James, importance of “Holy Roman Empire,” , ; on Federal Constitution, ; on presidential office, , , , ; on Godkin and The Nation, , , ; on Herbert Spencer, .

Buchanan, James, as President, .

Buckle, H. T., enthusiasm, ; influence on Lecky, .

Burt, S. W., appointment by Hayes, .

Bury, J. B., edition of Gibbon, ; on Gibbon, , .

Butler, Joseph, influence on Lecky, .

Cabinet, Grant’s, , ; character of Jackson’s, ; Pierce and Buchanan controlled by, ; Hayes’s, , –, .

Cabot, Charles, gift to Boston Athenæum, .

Calhoun, J. C., and annexation of Texas, .

Carlyle, Thomas, as historian, , ; and mathematics, , ; importance in training of historians, “French Revolution” and “Frederick,” –; biography, ; self-education, ; lack of practical experience, ; on historical method, ; on Gibbon, ; on Cromwell, inaccuracy of quotations, , , ; on pecuniary rewards of literary men, ; Gladstone on, .

Chamberlain, D. H., contested election, .

Chamberlain, Joseph, on newspapers and public opinion, ; Godkin on, .

Chambliss, N. R., on burning of Columbia, , .

Channing, Edward, on Gardiner, .

Charleston, secession movement, ; feeling of Union army towards, .

Charleston Courier, and secession movement, .

Charleston Mercury, and secession movement, .

Chatham, Earl of, on Thucydides, .

Choate, Rufus, and Whig nominations in 1852, .

Christianity, Gibbon on early church, –.

Cicero, homage to history, ; importance to historians, ; Gibbon on, ; contradictions, .

Civil service, J. D. Cox and reform, ; spoils system, , ; need of special training ignored, ; reform under Hayes, , –; Reform Bill, ; Cleveland and reform, , ; demand on President’s time of appointments, number of presidential offices, ; Godkin and reform, .

Civil War, newspapers as historical source on, , –; value of Official Records, ; attitude of Lecky, ; presidential office during, arbitrary actions, –; Godkin as correspondent during, ; burning of Columbia, –.

Cleveland, Grover, as President, –; and civil service reform, ; soundness on finances, ; and railroad riots, ; foreign policy, ; and disorganization of Democracy, ; and public opinion, ; as a prime minister, , ; and Hayes, attends funeral of Hayes, ; attitude of Godkin, .

Columbia, S. C., burning of, –; Sherman’s and Hampton’s accounts discredited, –; feeling of Union army towards, –; Sherman’s orders on occupation, ; verdict of mixed commission on, ; mob responsibility, –.

Columbia University, lecture by author at, .

Commonwealth of England. See Cromwell.

Comte, Auguste, influence, .

Conciseness in history, , , , , .

Congress, control of Senate over Pierce and Buchanan, ; power during Johnson’s administration, ; overshadows President, power of Speaker of House, ; McKinley’s control over, ; contact with President, ; and Hayes, , , , .

Conkling, Roscoe, contest with Hayes over New York Custom-house, .

Constitution. See Federal Constitution.

Copyright, The Nation and international, .

Cornell, A. B., removal by Hayes, .

Corruption, Gibbon on, .

Cox, J. D., on Gardiner, , ; essay on, –; varied activities, ; as general, ; as governor, ; and negro suffrage, ; as cabinet [p327] officer, ; and civil service reform, ; in Congress, ; and Spanish Mission, ; private positions, ; works, as military historian, ; and Grant, ; contributions to The Nation, ; as reader, ; character, ; on Godkin, ; on burning of Columbia, .

Crimean War, Godkin on, .

Cromer, Lord, on power of press, , .

Cromwell, Oliver, Carlyle’s biography, , ; Gardiner’s influence on fame, ; Gardiner’s estimate, –; character, ; character of army, , ; foreign policy, ; lack of constructive statesmanship, ; as typical Englishman, ; and Revolution of 1688, , .

Curchod, Suzanne, and Gibbon, .

Curtis, G. W., on The Nation, .

Curtius, Ernst, as historian, , .

Dana, C. A., as journalist, historical value of articles, , .

Darwin, C. R., biography, ; truthfulness, .

Dates in historical work, importance of newspapers, .

Democratic party, and Cleveland’s administration, , .

Demosthenes, and Thucydides, .

Desultory reading in training of historian, , , .

Devens, Charles, in Hayes’s cabinet, .

Deyverdun, Georges, collaboration with Gibbon, .

Dicey, A. V., as contributor to The Nation, , .

Dictionaries, importance of quotations in, .

Dingley Tariff Act, .

Duff, Sir M. E. Grant, on Herodotus, .

Eckermann, J. P., “Conversations with Goethe,” –.

Elections, 1852, Whig nominations, Scott’s stumping tour, , ; 1856, Kansas as issue, ; 1876, controversy, and flexibility of Constitution, , , ; 1896, bimetallism as issue, ; attitude of Godkin, .

Elizabeth, Froude and Gardiner on, ; and Anglo-Saxon development, .

Emerson, R. W., on originality, ; on mathematics, ; on philanthropists, ; on The Nation, .

England, Macaulay’s history, , , ; Gardiner’s history, –; Lecky’s history, , ; Walpole’s history, , , ; conditions in 1815, ; Green’s history, , ; Alabama claims arbitration, ; Venezuela-Guiana boundary, , ; draft general arbitration treaty, ; attitude of Godkin, , , ; Cromwell and the Commonwealth, –.

Evarts, W. M., Secretary of State, ability, ; social character, ; pessimism, .

Evening Post, acquires The Nation, Godkin as editor, .

Evolution, and history, , .

Executive. See Civil service, Presidential office.

Federal Constitution, English model, ; rigidity and flexibility, , ; as political tradition, . See also Presidential office.

Ferrero, Guglielmo, as historian, ; on Cicero’s contradictions, .

Fessenden, W. P., and Whig nominations in 1852, .

Fillmore, Martin, as President, .

Finances, greenback craze, , , ; silver agitation of 1878, , , ; Silver Act of 1890, , ; Cleveland’s soundness, ; attitude of Republican party on money, , ; issue in campaign of 1896, , ; gold standard, ; depression (1877–1878), , ; Hayes’s administration, –; Sherman’s refunding, ; resumption of specie payments, , ; The Nation and sound, –.

Fine arts, and training of historian, .

Firth, C. H., to continue Gardiner’s history, .

Fish, Hamilton, and arbitration of Alabama claims, .

Fiske, John, anecdote of the Websters, ; as popular scientist, ; power of concentration, .

Footnotes, use in histories, .

Ford, P. L., on writing criticisms for The Nation, .

Foreign relations, under Washington, ; under Tyler and Polk, ; under Grant, ; under Cleveland, , ; under McKinley, –. See also Monroe Doctrine.

Fourth estate, newspaper as, .

[p328]
Franklin, battle of, J. D. Cox in, .

Frederick the Great, Carlyle’s biography, .

Frederick III of Germany, “wise emperor,” .

Freeman, E. A., on Gibbon, .

French, importance to historians, –; Gibbon’s knowledge, , .

French Revolution, Carlyle’s history, ; Gibbon and, .

Froude, J. A., on Ulysses, ; inaccuracy, ; biography of Carlyle, ; on Elizabeth, , .

Gardiner, S. R., truthfulness, , ; as historical model, , ; lack of practical experience, , ; method, ; essay on, –; death, ; thoroughness of research, , ; as linguist, ; manuscript material, ; on Carlyle’s “Cromwell,” ; writings and editorial work, ; birth, ; conception of great work, ; Irvingite, ; struggles and success, , ; as teacher, ; honors, ; day’s routine, manner of composition, ; style, ; soundness and influence of historical estimates, –; estimate of Cromwell, , –; on J. R. Green, ; on Hampden, ; on character of Puritans, ; on Cromwell’s army, ; on character of Rump, ; rank as historian, .

Gardner, Percy, on Herodotus, , .

Garfield, J. A., desire for fame, ; as President, ; as speaker, .

Garrison, W. P., as literary editor of The Nation, –.

Generalizations, need of care, , .

German, importance to historians, .

German historians, and ancient history, .

Gibbes, R. W., destruction of collections, .

Gibbon, Edward, rank and characteristics as historian, , , , ; on Tacitus, , ; style, , ; and mathematics, ; importance in training of historian, ; autobiographies, , ; essay on, –; conception of history, ; completion of it, ; progress and success of work, ; and classic masters, ; range of work, ; its endurance, ; as possible writer of contemporary history, , ; political career, ; conservatism, ; and American Revolution, ; historical subjects considered by, ; and earlier period of Roman Empire, ; intellectual training, –; love of reading, ; at Oxford, ; conversion and reconversion, , ; at Lausanne, ; self-training, , ; linguistic knowledge, , , , ; influence of Pascal, ; and Voltaire, ; on Robertson, ; “Essay on Study of Literature,” ; service in militia, its influence, ; manuscript history of Switzerland, ; begins work on history, ; fame rests on it, ; Milman, Guizot, and Mommsen on it, ; quotations from, –; definitions of history, ; on religion under Pagan empire, ; on happiest period of mankind, ; on corruption, ; on sea-power, ; subjection to criticism, ; correctness, ; truthfulness, , ; use of conjecture, ; precision and accuracy, ; treatment of early Christian church, –; on Julian the Apostate, ; on Theodora, licentious passages, ; composition of history, ; love of books and wine, ; gout, ; and women, love affair, –; history in quarto edition, ; human importance of work, ; satisfaction with career, .

Gladstone, W. E., on Lecky, Carlyle, and Macaulay, .

Gloucester, William Henry, Duke of, on Gibbon’s history, .

Godkin, E. L., power as journalist, ; essay on, –; rank as journalist, ; on Greeley, , ; illustration of influence, ; character, ; indirect influence, character of clientèle, , ; authorship of articles in The Nation, ; Essays, ; early life, ; early optimism and later pessimism concerning America, , –, ; as war correspondent, ; in America, journey in South, ; correspondent of London News, ; foundation of The Nation, ; editor of Evening Post, ; retirement, ; lectures, honors, ; and offer of professorship, –; nervous strain, ; accused of censorious criticism, ; of [p329] unfortunate influence on intellectual youth, ; influence on author, –, –; influence in West, ; disinterestedness, ; and civil service reform, ; and sound finances, –; and tariff, ; and foreign affairs, ; other phases of influence, ; never retracted personal charges, ; implacability, ignores death of F. A. Walker, –; and Cleveland, ; and election of 1896, ; and Spanish War and Philippines, ; moral censor, ; criticism of England, ; disappointment in democracy, ; literary criticism in The Nation, –; on W. P. Garrison, ; influence of foreign birth, ; fame, ; lectureship as memorial to, ; farewell words, on general progress and political decline, , .

Goethe, J. W. von, on Molière, ; on linguistic ability, ; “Faust” and study of human character, ; “Conversations,” , ; wide outlook, .

Gold Standard Act, .

Gordon, C. G., newspapers and Soudan expedition, .

Gout, Gibbon on, .

Grant, U. S., first cabinet, , ; and Cox, ; as President, moral tone of administration, –, ; on criticism, , .

Greek, importance to historians, ; Gibbon’s knowledge, , , .

Greek history. See Herodotus, Thucydides.

Greeley, Horace, influence as journalist, historical value of articles, , , ; partisanship, ; character, –.

Green, J. R., as historian, ; address on, –; popularity in America, ; on Elizabeth, ; accuracy, ; character, ; on Cromwell’s army, .

Greenbacks. See Finances.

Grote, George, on Thucydides, ; on references, ; business training, .

Guizot, F. P. G., on Gibbon’s history, .

Hadrian, “traveling emperor,” .

Halleck, H. W., attitude towards Charleston, .

Hamilton, Alexander, on presidential office, , , ; as adviser of Washington, .

Hampden, John, as possible Anglo-Saxon hero, ; and Revolution of 1688, .

Hampton, Wade, and burning of Columbia, –, .

Harrison, Benjamin, as President, ; as speaker, .

Harrison, Frederic, on Gibbon, ; on Spencer Walpole, .

Harrison, W. H., as President, .

Hart, A. B., on Herodotus, .

Harvard University, addresses of author at, , –, , , ; striving after exact knowledge, ; honorary degree for Hayes, ; offers professorship to Godkin, , ; Godkin Lectureship, .

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, conciseness, .

Hay, John, anecdote of Grant, ; as Secretary of State, ; on Hayes and finances, .

Hayes, Lucy W., as wife of President, , .

Hayes, R. B., election controversy, , , ; administration, –, –; as a prime minister, , ; righteousness of acceptance of election, ; difficulty of situation, , ; as governor, ; letter of acceptance, ; inaugural, ; cabinet, –, ; withdrawal of troops from South, , ; and Congress, , , , ; civil service reforms, contest with Conkling, , –; honorary degree from Harvard, ; and railroad riots, , ; and finances, independent thinking, –; vetoes of repeal of Federal election laws, ; extra sessions of Congress, ; serenity, ; popular support, ; and election of 1880, ; moral tone of administration, ; and Cleveland, .

Herodotus, on purpose of history, ; rank as historian, , , ; as contemporary historian, .

Higginson, T. W., on Bancroft, .

Hildreth, Richard, historical value of newspaper articles, .

Hill, G. B., on Gibbon’s history and autobiography, .

Historian, training, –; necessary linguistic knowledge, –; acquisition of style, –; knowledge of [p330] mathematics, –; of other sciences, –; of fine arts, ; general historical reading, –; mastery of Gibbon and Bryce, ; of Tacitus and Thucydides, ; of other historians, –; knowledge of lives of historians, ; desultory reading, –; study of human character, experimental and through books, –; thorough reading of characteristic works, ; speed and retention of reading, ; importance of “Conversations of Goethe,” –; of Sainte-Beuve’s criticisms, ; choice of subject, ; method, originality, ; note-making, ; Carlyle on method, ; remuneration, ; and teaching of history, ; and business training, . See also next two titles.

Historians, Shakespeare and Homer as, , , ; advantages and disadvantages of present-day, , ; best, , ; Herodotus, , , , ; Thucydides, –, –, –, , , , , ; Tacitus, –, , –, , , , , ; Gibbon, , , –; conciseness, , , , , ; source material, –, , ; contemporaneousness, –; necessary qualities, ; monographs, ; patriotism, ; necessity and kinds of originality, –, ; use of newspapers, –, –; generalizations, , ; use of footnotes, ; fresh combination of well-known facts, ; present-day models, –; reflection, ; enthusiasm, ; Macaulay, –, , ; Carlyle, , , ; old and new schools, ethical judgments, human interest, , –; Hume, Robertson, Alison, ; Froude, ; Green, , –; Stubbs, , ; Gardiner, , –, , ; and popularity, ; growth of candor, ; Bryce, , ; use of manuscript material, , ; gospel of exact knowledge, ; Lecky, –; Spencer Walpole, –; E. L. Pierce, –; J. D. Cox, ; E. G. Bourne, –; Bancroft, . See also titles above and below.

History, intellectual rank, ; and poetry, , ; and physical sciences, ; definitions, , , , ; homage of politicians, ; and evolution, , ; newspapers as source, –, –; value of manuscript sources, , . See also two titles above.

Hoar, E. R., in Grant’s cabinet, , ; and The Nation, .

Holm, Adolf, on Thucydides, ; on scientific history, ; as historian, .

Holst, H. E. von, use of newspapers, , ; on westward expansion and slavery, .

Home rule, Lecky’s attitude, .

Homer, as historian, , , ; and study of human character, .

House of Representatives. See Congress.

Howard, O. O., at burning of Columbia, , , , .

Howells, W. D., pessimism, .

Hugo, Victor, influence, .

Hume, David, present-day reputation, , ; on Gibbon’s history of Switzerland, .

Huxley, T. H., as popular scientist, ; biography, ; on things useful, ; on college training, .

Income tax decision, Lecky on, .

Ireland, Lecky’s history, .

Jackson, Andrew, as President, –; as leader of democracy, ; and spoils system, ; and training for administrative work, ; and nullification, .

James, Henry, on Sainte-Beuve, .

James, T. L., as postmaster of New York, .

James, William, on Godkin, .

Jay Treaty, as precedent for treaty-making power, .

Jebb, Sir R. C., on Herodotus, , ; on Tacitus, ; on Thucydides, .

Jefferson, Thomas, as President, , ; Louisiana Purchase, .

Johnson, Andrew, as President, .

Johnson, Samuel, on American Revolution, .

Johnston, J. E., Hayes desires to offer cabinet position to, .

Journalists, Godkin, –. See also Newspapers.

Jowett, Benjamin, on Thucydides, .

Julian the Apostate, Gibbon’s treatment, .

[p331]
Kansas, and election of 1856, .

Kent, James, on danger in presidential contests, .

Key, D. M., in Hayes’s cabinet, .

Kinglake, A. W., on power of press, .

Laboulaye, Édouard, on Federal Constitution, .

Langlois, C. V., on Froude, ; on ethical judgments, ; on note-making, .

Latin, importance to historians, , , ; Gibbon’s knowledge, , .

Laud, William, Macaulay and Gardiner on, .

Lausanne, Gibbon at, , , , ; Voltaire’s theatre, .

Lea, H. C., business training, ; as scientific historian, .

Lecky, W. E. H., and Christianity, ; essay on, –; precocity, ; value of “Morals,” ; intellectual training, ; as philosophic historian, ; “England,” , ; on French Revolution, ; on Irish history, ; in politics, ; popularity of history, ; social traits, ; interest in America, ; historic divination, ; “Democracy and Liberty,” .

Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, on power of press, .

Lincoln, Abraham, as President, –; theory and action of war power, ; as a precedent, ; popular support, ; and public opinion, ; as a prime minister, .

Linguistic ability, importance to historians, –; Gibbon’s, ; Gardiner’s, .

Literary criticism in The Nation, –.

Literary style, acquisition by historian, –; Macaulay’s, ; Gibbon’s, ; Gardiner’s, ; Spencer Walpole’s, .

Lodge, H. C., in the House, .

Logan, J. A., at burning of Columbia, , , .

London Daily News, Godkin as American correspondent, .

Long Parliament, character of rump, .

Louisiana, purchase as precedent, ; overthrow of carpet-bag government, , .

Lowell, J. R., on present-day life, ; on Carlyle, ; on college training, ; on Darwin, ; on Grant’s cabinet, ; on The Nation, , , ; on importance of Godkin to it, .

Macaulay, Lord, on Shakespeare as historian, ; on Herodotus, ; prolixity, , , ; on Thucydides, , ; lack of reflection and digestion, ; enthusiasm, ; as partisan, ; and popularity, ; on Greek and Latin, ; style, ; on mathematics, ; importance in training of historian, ; biography, ; as reader, ; on Gibbon, ; on Wentworth and Laud, ; Gladstone on, ; on Cromwell, ; on character of Puritans, ; on Cromwell’s army, ; Auckland on agreeing with, .

McCrary, G. W., in Hayes’s cabinet, .

McKim, J. M., and foundation of The Nation, , .

McKinley, William, as leader of House, ; tariff bill, ; as President, –; change in tariff views, –; and gold standard, ; and public opinion, Spanish War and Philippines, –; diplomacy, ; influence on Congress, ; as speaker, ; attitude of Godkin, .

Mackintosh, Sir James, on irreligion of Gibbon’s time, .

Madison, James, as President, .

Mahaffy, J. P., on Herodotus, ; on Thucydides, .

Mahan, A. T., anticipation of theory, .

Maine, Sir Henry, on Federal Constitution, , .

Manuscript sources, value, , , ; Gardiner’s use, , .

Massachusetts Historical Society, papers by author before, , , , , , , ; recognition of Gardiner, ; of Lecky, ; interest of E. L. Pierce in, ; E. G. Bourne and editorship of publications, .

Mathematics, and training of historian, –.

Matthews, William, on The Nation, , .

Merritt, E. A., appointment by Hayes, .

Mexican War, aggression, ; and slavery, .

[p332]
Mill, J. S., and mathematics, ; prodigy, .

Milligan case, and arbitrary government, .

Milman, H. H., on Gibbon’s history, , .

Milton, John, on books, .

Molière, importance to historians, .

Mommsen, Theodor, on Gibbon, , ; as scientific historian, .

Money. See Finances.

Monographs, use by general historians, .

Monroe, James, as President, , .

Monroe Doctrine, and Philippines, ; and development of presidential office, .

Montesquieu, Gibbon on, .

Morison, J. A. Cotter, on Gibbon, .

Morley, John, on Macaulay, , , ; on Cicero and Voltaire, .

Morrill, J. S., and Hayes’s New York Custom-house appointments, .

Morris, Gouverneur, and framing of Constitution, .

Morse, C. F., on feeling in Union army towards South Carolina, .

Motley, J. L., best work, ; advice to historians, , ; and manuscript sources, , ; Bourne’s unfinished biography, .

Nation, as historical source, ; J. D. Cox as contributor, ; circulation, ; foundation, ; weekly edition of Evening Post, . See also Godkin.

Necker, Mme. See Curchod.

Negro suffrage, opposition of J. D. Cox, .

Nerva, as “gray emperor,” .

“New English Dictionary,” importance of quotations in, .

New York Custom-house, Hayes’s reforms and appointments, .

New York Weekly Tribune, influence, , , , . See also Greeley.

Newspapers, as historical sources, –, –; use by Von Holst, ; as registers of facts, , –; importance for dates, , ; as guide of public opinion, , –; power of New York Weekly Tribune, , , , –; qualities of evidence, , ; value in American history, for period 1850–1860, –; and correction of logical assumptions, –; as record of speeches and letters, ; value of partisanship, ; value of Northern, for Civil War period, , ; of Southern, ; laboriousness of research, ; value for Reconstruction, ; canons of use, ; as fourth estate, ; criticisms of Presidents, . See also Nation.

Niebuhr, B. G., on Gibbon, , ; on training of historian, .

North, Sir Thomas, translation of Plutarch, .

Norton, C. E., on Godkin, ; and foundation of The Nation, , .

Note-making in historical work, .

Nullification, Jackson’s course, .

“Official Records of Union and Confederate armies,” value as historical source, .

“Ohio idea,” .

Oliver, J. M., at burning of Columbia, .

Olmsted, F. L., Godkin on Southern books, ; interest in The Nation, ; on importance of Godkin to it, .

Olney, Richard, draft general arbitration treaty, .

Originality in history, –, , .

Oxford University, address of author at, .

Pacific Coast, Goethe’s prophecy, .

Packard, S. B., overthrow of government, , .

Palmerston, Lord, Spencer Walpole’s estimate, .

Panama Canal, Goethe’s prophecy, .

Paper money. See Finances.

Parkman, Francis, originality, ; best work, ; remuneration, ; national pride in, ; and religion, ; on The Nation, , .

Partisanship, historical value of newspaper, , .

Pascal, Blaise, influence on Gibbon, .

Pasteur, Louis, biography, .

Patriotism in historians, .

Pericles, funeral oration, , .

Philippines, annexation and Monroe Doctrine, ; McKinley’s attitude, ; Godkin’s attitude, .

Physical sciences, and history, ; and training of historian, –.

[p333]
Pierce, E. L., essay on, –; biography of Sumner, –; as politician and citizen, , ; historic sense, ; character, ; interest in Massachusetts Historical Society, .

Pierce, Franklin, as President, .

Pike, J. S., historical value of newspaper articles, .

Pittsburg, railroad riot of 1877, , .

Pliny the Younger, on Tacitus, .

Plutarch, North’s translation, ; on Thucydides, .

Poetry, and history, .

Politics, Godkin on decline, , . See also Civil service, Congress, Elections, Newspapers, Presidential office, and parties by name.

Polk, J. K., as President, .

Polybius, as historian, .

Popularity, and historical writing, .

Presidential office, essay on, –; flexibility of powers and duties, ; under Washington, control of treaties, –; John Adams to J. Q. Adams, extension of power, –; and annexations, ; and Monroe Doctrine, ; under Jackson, era of vulgarity, spoils system, –; Van Buren to Buchanan, annexations and slavery, –; period of weakness, ; under Lincoln, war power, –; under Johnson, nadir, ; and cabinet government, , , ; under Grant, –, ; veto power, ; Kent on dangers in elections, ; contested election of 1876, , ; under Hayes, –, –; under Garfield, civil service reform, ; under Arthur, ; under Cleveland, advance in power, –; under Harrison, –; under McKinley, –; and public opinion, –; character of Roosevelt, ; business, interruptions and their remedy, –; appointments, number of presidential offices, ; contact with Congress, ; criticisms, –; success of system, –.

Pritchett, H. S., on McKinley and Philippines, .

Public opinion, newspapers as guide, , –; backing of Lincoln’s extra-legal actions, ; influence on Presidents, –.

Puritans, Macaulay and Gardiner on character, .

Pym, John, and Revolution of 1688, .

Railroad riots, 1894, Cleveland and use of Federal troops, ; 1877, cause, ; strike and conflicts, ; use of Federal troops, ; social alarm, ; conduct of Hayes, .

Ranke, Leopold von, “England,” .

Raymond, H. J., power as journalist, .

Reading, desultory, , , ; facility and retention, ; note-making, .

Reconstruction, newspapers as historical source, , ; J. D. Cox’s opposition to negro suffrage, ; failure, final withdrawal of troops, , ; attitude of The Nation, .

Reed, T. B., and power of Speaker, .

Reflection in historical work, .

Reform act of 1832, Lord John Russell’s introduction, .

Religion, Gibbon on, under Pagan empire, ; Gibbon’s treatment of early Christian church, –.

Republican party, newspapers as record of formation, ; and sound money, , .

Resumption of specie payments, opposition and success, , .

Revolution of 1688, question of Cromwell’s influence, , .

Riots. See Railroad.

Robertson, William, present-day reputation, , ; Gibbon on, .

Rome. See Gibbon, Tacitus.

Roosevelt, Theodore, character, ; routine as President, , .

Ropes, J. C., as military historian, .

Round Table, character, .

Rousseau, J. J., on Gibbon as lover, .

Russell, Lord John, and Reform Act of 1832, ; Spencer Walpole’s biography, .

Sainte-Beuve, C. A., style, ; on desultory reading, ; on biographies of Goethe, ; as critic, ; on Gibbon, , ; on Tacitus, .

Salisbury, Lord, Godkin on, .

Santa Maria in Ara Cœli, Bambino, ; connection with Gibbon, .

Schofield, J. M., on J. D. Cox, .

Schouler, William, power as journalist, .

Schurz, Carl, on history as profession, ; criticism of Cleveland’s Venezuelan policy, ; in Ohio campaign of [p334] 1875, ; Secretary of Interior, ability, ; with Hayes at Harvard commencement, ; and civil service reform, ; social character, ; as editor of Evening Post, ; and greenback inflation, .

Scott, Winfield, presidential campaign, , .

Sea-power, Gibbon on, .

Senate. See Congress.

Seward, W. H., and arbitrary arrests, .

Shakespeare, William, as historian, , , ; conciseness, ; and study of human character, .

Shaw, Bernard, on reality of Shakespeare’s characters, .

Sheffield, Lord, sends wine to Gibbon, .

Sherman, John, and Silver Bill of 1878, , , ; on contact of President and Congress, ; in Ohio campaign of 1875, ; Secretary of Treasury, ability, , ; refunding, ; abused for depression, specie resumption, , ; social character, ; and greenback inflation, .

Sherman, W. T., and Hayes’s suggestion of war portfolio for General Johnston, ; and burning of Columbia, –.

Sicilian expedition, Thucydides’s account, , .

Silver. See Finances.

Slavery, and westward expansion, .

Source material, use by Thucydides and Tacitus, –; modern, , ; newspapers, –, –; manuscript, , , , .

South Carolina, overthrow of carpet-bag government, ; feeling of Union army towards, .

Spanish War, newspapers and cause, ; McKinley’s course, ; attitude of Godkin, .

Speaker of House of Representatives, power, .

Spectator, on McKinley’s diplomacy, .

Spedding, James, Gardiner on, .

Spencer, Herbert, on aim of education, ; on age as factor in evidence, ; Bryce on, .

Spoils system. See Civil service.

Staël, Madame de, parents, ; on Gibbon, n.

“Stalwarts,” origin of name, .

Stanton, E. M., and arbitrary arrests, .

Stephens, H. M., on French Revolution, .

Stone, G. A., at burning of Columbia, , , .

Story, Joseph, on presidential character, .

Stubbs, William, as historian, , , .

Suffrage, Godkin on universal, . See also Negro.

Sumner, Charles, style, .

Switzerland, Gibbon’s manuscript history, .

Tacitus, rank as historian, ; characteristics as historian, –, ; conciseness, , ; use of source material, ; as contemporary historian, , , ; on history, ; importance in training of historian, ; Gibbon on, ; on censure, .

Taine, H. A., use of journals, .

Tariff, Cleveland’s attitude, ; McKinley Act, ; Dingley Act, ; McKinley’s change of opinion, –; The Nation and protection, .

Taylor, Zachary, as President, .

Texan annexation, ; and slavery, .

Thackeray, W. M., on Macaulay, .

Theodora, Gibbon’s treatment, .

Thompson, R. W., in Hayes’s cabinet, .

Thucydides, rank as historian, ; on history, ; characteristics as historian, –, , ; conciseness, , , , ; use of personal sources material, –; as contemporary historian, , ; importance in training of historian, .

Thurman, A. G., and greenback inflation, .

Ticknor, George, pessimism, .

Tilden, S. J., election controversy, , , .

Tocqueville, Alexis de, style, ; on presidential office, .

Trajan, “wise emperor,” .

Treaty-making power, Jay Treaty as precedent, .

Trent, W. P., on burning of Columbia, .

Trevelyan, Sir G. O., biography of Macaulay, .

Tyler, John, as President, , .

Tyndall, John, as popular scientist, .

[p335]
Ulysses, and study of human character, .

United States, Goethe’s prophecy of westward extension and Panama Canal, ; political traditions, ; Godkin’s early optimism and later pessimism concerning, , –, ; Godkin on general progress and political decline, . See also American, Finances, Newspapers, Politics.

Universities, strife after exact knowledge, ; advantages and aim of training, .

Vallandigham case, Lincoln’s attitude, .

Van Buren, Martin, as President, .

Venezuela-Guiana boundary, Cleveland’s action, Godkin’s attitude, .

Veto power, wisdom, .

Voltaire, importance to historians, ; theatre at Lausanne, ; and Gibbon, .

Walker, F. A., career, ; The Nation ignores death of, , .

Walpole, Sir Spencer, essay on, –; “England,” , , ; biography of Lord John Russell, ; knowledge of men, ; of continental politics, ; “Studies in Biography,” ; knowledge of practical politics, ; as man of affairs, ; style, ; visit to, character, –; death, .

War power, exemplification by Lincoln, –.

Warner, C. D., on originality in style, .

Washington, George, as President, –; prescience, ; as political tradition, .

Webb, J. W., power as journalist, .

Webster, Daniel, basis of style, , ; and presidential nomination in 1852, .

Weed, Thurlow, power as journalist, .

Wells, H. G., on Boston, .

Wentworth, Thomas, Macaulay and Gardiner on, .

West Virginia, railroad riots of 1877, .

Western Reserve University, lecture by author at, .

Wheeler, Joseph, lootings by his cavalry at Columbia, .

Whig party, nominations in 1852, .

Whitman, Marcus, Bourne’s essay on, .

William I of Germany, “gray emperor,” .

William II of Germany, “traveling emperor,” .

Windom, William, and Hayes’s New York Custom-house appointments, .

Wine, Gibbon’s love for, .

Winthrop, R. C., on E. L. Pierce, .

Woods, C. R., at burning of Columbia, , , .

Woods, W. B., at burning of Columbia, .

Woolsey, T. D., on Thucydides, .

Yale University, lecture by author at, .

This Index was made for me by D. M. Matteson.