Index to the Grammatical Rules and Idiomatic Renderings

• A.
• a or an preceded by ‘not’, how to render, S. 126, N. 12.
• The numeral ‘a’ not translated before hundred or thousand, S. 132, N. 10.
• a great deal, how to render, S. 65, N. 3 and S. 77, N. 3.
• an hour, how to render, S. 235, N. 10.
• a month, how to render, S. 167, N. 24.
• about, to be, rendered by im Begriff sein or wollen, S. 6, N. 4.
• Abstract nouns, their formation from Infinitives of verbs, S. 11, N. 7.
• Adjectives. Used as nouns, S. 34, N. 1.
• National adjectives require a small initial, S. 101, N. 1.
• Adjectives and all parts qualifying nouns must be placed before them, S. 128, N. 11.
• The formation of their superlative used predicatively, S. 120, N. 14.
• Adverbs. Their position in Imperative clauses, S. 68, N. 2.
• Must not precede the verb or copula when the subject stands before them, S. 102, N. 30.
• Formation of the relative superlative of Adverbs, S. 183, N. 24.
• all in connection with a possess. adj. pron. and a noun in the sing. number, how to render, S. 157, N. 20.
• All of us (them, you), S. 74, N. 3, how to render.
• Apposition, the, its agreement, S. 53, N. 9.
• Articles, the, and other determinative words repeated, S. 10, N. 9.
• Their position in connection with adjectives and adverbs, S. 28, N. 9.
• The Definite Article. Before nouns representing a whole class, and before abstract nouns, S. 3, N. 2.
• Before nouns of persons preceded by an adjective or a common name, S. 10, N. 2.
• Used to mark the Gen., Dat., and Acc. of proper names, S. 25, N. 5.
• Used in stating the price of goods, S. 33, N. 7.
• Used before objects individualised or singled out, S. 40, N. 9.
• Used instead of Possess. Adj. Pronouns, S. 43, N. 9, A and B.
• The Indefinite Article. Not expressed before nouns denoting professions, etc., S. 14, N. 2.
• How to render when preceded by ‘not’, S. 126, N. 12.
• as, conj., = since, how to render, S. 41, N. 6.
• = according to, how to render, S. 74, N. 6.
• ask (to), how to render, S. 132, N. 23.
• at = at the house of, how to render, S. 153, N. 15.
• at home, how to render, S. 63, N. 8.
• at the rate of, how to render, S. 235, N. 9.
• Attributive construction, S. 7, N. 3; S. 48, N. 6.
• auf, prep., = in, before names of Islands, S. 46, N. 6.
• Auxiliary verbs of tense, often omitted in subordinate clauses, S. 52, N. 8.
• B.
• be, to, rendered by müssen, S. 62, N. 4.
• beginning with, rendered by von ... an, S. 102, N. 4.
• bleiben, conjugated with sein, S. 98, N. 5.
• but, rendered by sondern after a negative, S. 6, N. 10.
• by, prep., = through, durch, S. 59, N. 13.
• In connection with the Passive Voice, rendered by von, S. 106, N. 23.
• both ... and, sowohl ... als auch, S. 59, N. 11.
• C.
• Capital Initial, when required for pronouns, S. 69, N. 2.
• care, to take care of, S. 91, N. 7.
• cause (to) how to render, S. 73, N. 1.
• Collective nouns in the Singular require the verb to agree with them in the Singular, S. 107, N. 13.
• Colon, the, its use, S. 36, N. 3.
• Comma, the, not used to enclose adverbial clauses, etc., S. 15, N. 3.
• command, to, how to render, S. 73, N. 1.
• Compound expressions, their importance, S. 33, N. 4.
• Compound forms with auxiliary and Present Participle or ‘to do’ and Infinitive, how to render into German, S. 32, N. 11.
• Compound Nouns. Their importance, S. 33, N. 4;
• their formation, S. 36, N. 7, A and B, and S. 76, N. 22, A, B, C and D;
• their Gender, S. 36, N. 7, C;
• compound nouns which have the last component in common are connected with hyphens, S. 71, N. 2.
• Conditional Mood, the, its use, App. §§ 36 and 37.
• Conjunctive Mood, the, its use, App. §§ 26-35.
• Construction. Principal and Coordinate Clauses, App. §§ 1-12.
• Inverted Construction, App. §§ 13-15.
• Subordinate Clauses, App. §§ 16-24.
• Construction. Inverted after quotations, S. 32, N. 5.
• Attributive construction, S. 7, N. 3, A; S. 48, N. 6.
• Position of adverbs in Imperative Clauses, S. 68, N. 2.
• Copula, the, not to be omitted, S. 27, N. 7.
• The Copula must follow the subject when the latter begins the principal clause, S. 5, N. 2.
• copy, noun, how to render, S. 132, N. 17.
• D.
• da, adv. in combination with a prep. governing the Dat. or Acc., S. 4, N. 5, B.
• Da, conj., denotes logical cause, used for rendering ‘as’ and ‘since’, S. 30, N. 4.
• Da, adv., in connection with a prep., required in the principal clause when verbs and adjectives governing a prep. are followed by a subordinate clause, S. 87, N. 6.
• Definite Article, the. When to be repeated, S. 10, N. 9.
• Its position in connection with adjectives and adverbs, S. 28, N. 9.
• Before nouns representing a whole class, and before abstract nouns, S. 3, N. 2.
• Before names of persons preceded by an adj. or a common name, S. 10, N. 2.
• Used to mark the Gen., Dat., and Acc. of proper names, S. 25, N. 5.
• Used in stating the price of goods, S. 33, N. 7.
• Used before objects individualised or singled out, S. 40, N. 9.
• Used instead of Posses. Adj. Pronouns, S. 43, N. 9, A and B.
• Demonstrative Pronoun, followed by a relat. pron., how to render, S. 8, N. 1.
• der and die must be used as relat. pronouns in reference to a personal pron. of the 1st and 2nd pers. sing. and pl., and also in reference to the pers. pron. of the 3rd person pl. (Sie), S. 78, N. 7.
• do, used in sentences of entreaty, rendered by doch, S. 92, N. 9.
• doch, adv., = ‘do’ in sentences of entreaty, S. 92, N. 9.
• E.
• er, suffix, used to form names of male persons from names of countries and places, S. 157, N. 4.
• ernennen, requires the prep. zu, S. 27, N. 4.
• erwählen, requires the prep. zu, S. 27, N. 4.
• es. Used as grammatical Object in principal clauses, S. 51, N. 13.
• Used as grammatical Subject, S. 104, N. 19.
• F.
• fact, the, how to render, S. 115, N. 2.
• fond (to be — of), how to render, S. 20, N. 2.
• for, rendered by seit in sentences expressing the duration of an action up to the time of speaking, S. 145, N. 17.
• for years, S. 166, N. 10.
• from, referring to time and place, how to render, S. 102, N. 4.
• full of, how to render, S. 74, N. 14.
• G.
• gehen, always construed with sein, S. 29, N. 3.
• Gemahlin, wife, consort, S. 101, N. 5.
• Genitive, the, of a proper noun stands generally before the governing noun, S. 14, N. 3.
• gentleman, how to render, S. 88, N. 2.
• gern(e), adv., denotes liking, S. 20, N. 2.
• Gerund, the. How to render, S. 1, N. 3; S. 34, N. 10.
• Preceded by a possess. adj. and a prep., how to render, S. 161, N. 21.
• giebt (es) = the matter is, S. 63, N. 9;
• = there is, there are, S. 82, N. 7.
• go, to, how to render when = to travel, etc., S. 233, N. 4.
• going (to be — to), how to render, S. 67, N. 2.
• H.
• Hafer, not used in the pl., S. 22, N. 1.
• have, to, rendered by müssen, S. 62, N. 4.
• head = Haupt in elevated diction, S. 127, N. 8.
• home and at home, how to render, S. 63, N. 8.
• Hyphens required to show the connection between compound nouns that have the last part in common, S. 71, N. 2.
• I.
• I, should, if possible, not begin the sentence, S. 115, N. 1.
• If, rendered by wenn, S. 64, N. 12.
• Ihr, formerly used in addressing persons of the lower ranks of society, S. 137, N. 2.
• in, prep., how to render before names of islands, S. 46, N. 6.
• Indefinite Article, the. When to be repeated, S. 10, N. 9.
• Its position in connection with adjectives and adverbs, S. 28, N. 9.
• Not expressed before nouns denoting professions, etc., S. 14, N. 2.
• How to render when preceded by ‘not’, S. 126, N. 12.
• indem, conj., used for rendering the Participle in -ing in adverbial clauses of manner, S. 111, N. 6.
• Indicative Mood, the, its use, App. §§ 25 and 35.
• Infinitive, the. With an Accusative, how to render, S. 57, N. 14.
• When used without the preposition zu, S. 78, N. 14.
• Forms abstract nouns, S. 11, N. 7.
• Inverted Construction. When to be used, App. §§ 13-15.
• Used after quotations, S. 32, N. 5.
• Imperfect, the, its use, S. 101, N. 22.
• it, dependent on a prep., how to render, S. 4, N. 5, B.
• J.
• Jesus Christus, its declension, S. 141, N. 9.
• K.
• kein, the general translation for ‘not a’, S. 126, N. 12.
• L.
• lassen, to order, to command, to cause, S. 73, N. 1.
• lehren, to teach, requires two accusatives, S. 42, N. 4, and S. 43, N. 10.
• like, to, how to render, S. 20, N. 2.
• live, to, how to render, S. 116, N. 17.
• M.
• machen, requires the prep. zu, S. 27, N. 4, and S. 102, N. 13.
• man = human being, how to render, S. 134, N. 9.
• man, pron. With the Active Voice instead of Eng. Passive Voice, S. 4, N. 4.
• Man, indef. pron., used to render the Eng. ‘you’ used in a general sense, S. 92, N. 5, also S. 134, N. 4.
• Mark, die, its inflection, S. 58, N. 3.
• matter, the — is, es giebt, S. 63, N. 9.
• mögen, auxil. v. of mood, S. 20, N. 2.
• müssen = to be and to have, followed by the infinitive of another verb, S. 62, N. 4.
• N.
• nach, prep. = to, S. 72, N. 4.
• Names of male persons and inhabitants of countries and places made by the suffix er, S. 157, N. 4.
• Proper Names, their declension, S. 65, N. 1.
• National adjectives, require a small initial, S. 101, N. 1.
• not a = no, S. 126, N. 12.
• Nouns. Compound Nouns, their importance, S. 33, N. 5.
• Formation of Compound Nouns, S. 36, N. 7, and S. 76, N. 22.
• Nouns must be preceded by the parts qualifying them, S. 128, N. 11.
• Abstract Nouns made from the Infinitives of verbs, S. 11, N. 7.
• Collective Nouns in the Sing. require the verb to agree with them in the Sing., S. 107, N. 13.
• Number. Use the Sing. number in connection with a Collective Noun in the Sing., S. 107, N. 13.
• O.
• Object, the grammatical, in a principal clause, followed by a subordinate clause, or a supine, S. 51, N. 13.
• on. On the contrary, how to render, S. 66, N. 16.
• To be on the point of, rendered by wollen, S. 67, N. 2.
• one, not translated after an adj. or a pron., S. 67, N. 2.
• one, numeral, not translated before hundred and thousand, S. 132, N. 10.
• one day, how to render, S. 19, N. 2.
• only, adv., how to render, S. 109, N. 5.
• order, to, how to render, S. 73, N. 1.
• ought, how to render, S. 64, N. 5.
• P.
• Participles, the. Participles used attributively must be inflected, S. 7, N. 3, B.
• The Past (or Perfect) Participle. As a rule precedes the qualified noun, S. 7, N. 3, A.
• Rendered by a relat. clause, S. 7, N. 3, B.
• Rendered by the attributive construction, S. 7, N. 3, and S. 48, N. 6.
• Used elliptically to denote state or condition, S. 102, N. 3.
• The Present Participle. The English—qualifying a preceding noun, turned into a relat. clause, S. 16, N. 4.
• How to render when it denotes a logical cause, S. 30, N. 4.
• Rendered by the attributive construction, S. 48, N. 6.
• Used adverbially to denote manner or state, S. 53, N. 12.
• How to render when used in adverbial clauses of time, S. 55, N. 1.
• The — in -ing in adverbial clauses of manner, rendered by the conj. indem and a finite verb, S. 111, N. 6.
• Passive Voice, the. Its formation in German, S. 2, N. 1.
• How to recognise, S. 2, N. 1.
• Rendered into German by a reflective verb, or the pron. man with the active voice, S. 4, N. 4.
• people, how to render, S. 134, N. 4.
• Perfect, the. Its use, S. 48, N. 2.
• The Eng. Perfect rendered by the Present in German, S. 145, N. 17.
• Person, the, for whose benefit an action is done, must, as a rule, be indicated in German, S. 130, N. 12.
• Personal Pronoun, the. In the Dat. case, used to indicate the Possessor, S. 43, N. 9, B.
• Used to indicate the person for whose benefit an action is performed, S. 58, N. 8.
• Personal and possessive pronouns require a capital initial in letters, S. 69, N. 2.
• Pfund, das, one £, Engl., never takes the mark of the plural, S. 58, N. 3.
• Possessive Adjective Pronoun, the. When repeated in German, S. 10, N. 9.
• How to render into German, S. 43, N. 9, A and B.
• pound, how to render, S. 58, N. 3.
• Predicate, the, Copula or Verb, must follow the Subject when it begins the clause, S. 5, N. 2.
• The formation of the Superlatives of adjectives used predicatively, S. 120, N. 14.
• Present Tense, the German, used to express duration up to the time of speaking, where the Engl. use the Perfect, S. 145, N. 17.
• Principal clauses. Their construction, App. §§ 1-12.
• progress, noun, how to render, S. 132, N. 1.
• Proper names, when not inflected, S. 65, N. 1.
• R.
• rate. At the rate of, how to render, S. 235, N. 9.
• Relative Clauses, rendered by the attributive construction, S. 48, N. 6.
• Relative Pronoun, the. Follows, as a rule, its antecedent, S. 13, N. 5.
• Must not be omitted in German, S. 16, N. 10.
• Der and die must be used in reference to a preceding personal pronoun, S. 78, N. 7.
• S.
• Scholar, how to render, S. 128, N. 1.
• sein, auxiliary, its use, S. 29, N. 3.
• seit, as a transl. of the Eng. prep. for in sentences which express a duration of an action up to the time of speaking, S. 145, N. 17.
• so, conj. When required in the beginning of principal clauses, S. 27, N. 8.
• so, in connection with a transitive verb, rendered by es, das, dies, S. 132, N. 13.
• sollen, expresses assertion, S. 54, N. 13;
• = ought, S. 64, N. 5.
• St., abbreviation of Sanct., its derivation, S. 103, N. 33.
• Subject, the. Must be followed by the Copula or the Verb when it begins the principal clause, S. 5, N. 2.
• Its position in subordinate clauses, S. 66, N. 15.
• Not to be omitted, S. 27, N. 7.
• The grammatical subject in the form of the pron. es, S. 104, N. 19.
• Subjunctive Mood, the. Its use, App. §§ 26-35.
• Subordinate Clauses. Their construction, App. §§ 16-24.
• Superlative, the, of an adjective used predicatively is generally preceded by am, S. 120, N. 14.
• How to form the relat. Superlative of adverbs, S. 183, N. 24.
• Supine, the. Explanation and use, S. 1, N. 2.
• Formation of the Supine Present, S. 1, N. 2.
• Used for rendering the Eng. Gerund preceded by a preposition, S. 1, N. 3.
• Expresses purpose, S. 19, N. 7.
• Used for rendering the Eng. Gerund governed by a noun or a verb, S. 34, N. 10.
• Used in connection with the verb lehren, S. 43, N. 10.
• Suppose, I, in interrogative sentences, rendered by wohl, S. 92, N. 3.
• T.
• Take, to. How to render, S. 3, N. 8.
• To take care of, how to render, S. 91, N. 7.
• teach, to, how to render, S. 42, N. 4, and S. 43, N. 10.
• that, them, those, dependent on a prep., how to render, S. 4, N. 5, B.
• that and those, followed by a relat. pron., cannot be rendered by the adv. da in connection with a preceding preposition, S. 8, N. 1.
• that = in order that, how to render, S. 183, N. 6.
• there is and There are, rendered by es giebt, S. 82, N. 7.
• they, used in an indefinite sense, rendered by man, S. 134, N. 4.
• think, to, how to render, S. 64, N. 11.
• to = in order to, how to render, S. 19, N. 7.
• to, prep., how to render, S. 72, N. 4.
• trust, to, anything to a person, S. 91, N. 6.
• U.
• Use, to, v. tr. and intr., how to render, S. 129, N. 6.
• V.
• Verb, the. Agreement of verbs with collective nouns, S. 69, N. 17.
• Auxiliary of tense often omitted in subordinate clauses, S. 52, N. 8.
• The verb or copula must follow the subject, when the latter begins the Principal Clause, S. 5, N. 2.
• Verbal, the, in -ing, how to render, S. 1, N. 3; S. 34, N. 10.
• very, rendered by the Superl. of the adv. hoch, S. 161, N. 2.
• W.
• want, to, rendered by wollen, S. 63, N. 10.
• was. When required as a relat. pron., S. 3, N. 7.
• Used in reference to a preceding whole clause, as a transl. of ‘which’, S. 33, N. 8.
• we, in an indefinite sense, rendered by man, S. 134, N. 4.
• werden, conjugated with sein, S. 98, N. 5.
• what sort of, how to render, S. 63, N. 2.
• when. Rendered by als, S. 4, N. 2.
• Rendered by wenn, S. 18, N. 6.
• Rendered by wo, S. 131, N. 4.
• where, rendered by wo, S. 131, N. 4.
• which, rendered by was, S. 33, N. 8.
• wife, how to render, S. 101, N. 5.
• wish, to, rendered by wollen, S. 63, N. 10.
• wo, relat. conj., its use, S. 131, N. 4.
• wohl = I suppose, S. 92, N. 3.
• wollen. Expresses wish and want, S. 63, N. 10.
• — = to be going, to be on the point, S. 67, N. 2.
• — = to be about, S. 6, N. 4.
• wonder, to, how to render, S. 90, N. 11.
• Wort, das, double pl., S. 7, N. 2.
• worth remembering, how to render, S. 157, N. 22.
• Y.
• you. Used in a general sense, rendered by man, S. 92, N. 5.
• When rendered by Ihr, S. 137, N. 2.
• Z.
• zu, prep. Required with verbs denoting choosing, appointing, etc., S. 27, N. 4, and S. 102, N. 13.

The End.