← Field Artillery Training. 1914
Introduction
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This Manual is issued by command of the Army Council. It deals with the general principles which are to govern the training in peace and leading in war of Horse, Field, Mountain, and Heavy Artillery, and forms the basis of the Training of R.G.A. Companies armed with movable armament. The attention of commanders is drawn to “Training and Manœuvre Regulations,” Section 2.
Any enunciation by officers responsible for training, of principles other than those contained in this Manual, or any practice of methods not based on those principles, is forbidden as tending to cause confusion of thought and to prejudice successful co-operation in war.
War Office, S.W.
9th April, 1914.
CONTENTS.
Sec. Page.
Definitions
CHAPTER I.
PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING.
1. Object and method of training
2. Responsibility for training
Training of Recruits.
3. Preliminary training of recruits
4. Recruit training in the battery
The Annual Training of the Soldier.
5. System of training
Individual Training.
6. General instructions
Collective Training.
7. Section training
8. Battery training
9. Brigade training
10. Annual practice
11. Divisional artillery training
12. Training of Special Reserve and Territorial
artillery and of the artillery of the
Overseas Dominions
CHAPTER II.
DISMOUNTED DRILL WITH AND WITHOUT ARMS.
Squad Drill With Intervals.
13. General instructions
14. Position and movements at the halt
15. Saluting
16. Movements
Squad Drill in Single Rank.
17. General instructions
18. Movements
Squad Drill in Two Ranks.
19. General instructions
20. Movements
Rifle Drill.
21. General instructions
22. Rifle exercises
23. Inspection of arms
24. Guards and compliments
CHAPTER III.
EQUITATION AND DRIVING.
25. Standard required of men and horses
26. Horsemastership
27. Paces of the horse
28. Terms used in equitation
Fitting Saddlery.
29. How to fit a saddle
30. Saddling
31. Bridling
32. Miscellaneous details
Riding.
33. General instructions
34. Hints to instructors
35. Preliminary training
36. First lessons to the recruit
37. Mounting and dismounting
38. The seat
39. How to hold the reins
40. Position in the saddle at attention
41. First movements on horseback
42. Teaching the recruit how to ride his horse
over a fence
43. The aids
44. Bending
45. Spurs
46. Various exercises
47. Paying compliments mounted without arms
48. Leading horses
49. Securing horses
50. Riding with the sword
51. Riding with the rifle
52. Revolver shooting
Driving.
53. General principles
54. Fitting harness
55. Position of a driver standing to his horses
and mounted
56. Use of the whip
57. Driving without vehicles
58. Hooking in and unhooking
59. Traces
60. Moving off
61. Halting
62. Wheeling to the right
63. Wheeling to the left
64. Wheeling about
65. Unlimbering
66. Limbering up
67. Driving up steep hills
68. Jibbing
69. Driving down hill
70. Applying the brake
71. Reversing in narrow roads
72. Driving a pair of horses from the box
Training the Young Horse.
73. General principles
74. First stage
75. Second stage
76. Teaching a horse to stand still without being held
77. Teaching the young horse to jump
78. Third stage
Riding and Retraining Awkward Horses.
79. General remarks
80. Pullers
81. Refusers
82. Horses that rush at their fences
83. Horses that decline to leave the ranks and
“fretting” horses
84. Horses that decline to stand still when
being mounted
85. General vice and bad temper
86. Refractory draught horses
Care and Disposal of Saddlery
and Harness.
87. Care of saddlery and harness
88. Disposal of saddlery and harness in harness
rooms or stables
89. Disposal of saddlery and harness in bivouac
Care of Wagons.
90. General instructions
Loading a Wagon or Cart.
91. General instructions
Special Instructions for
Mountain Artillery.
92. Position of driver
93. Fitting saddlery of ordnance mules
94. Training young mules
95. Leading mules
CHAPTER IV.
GUNNERY.
96. General instructions
97. Gunnery terms
98. Natures of artillery fire
99. Gunnery
100. Rifling
101. Centring
102. Forces acting on a shell in the bore
Forces Acting on a Shell During Flight.
103. The resistance of the air
104. The force of gravity
105. Trajectory
106. Elevation
107. Causes affecting the accuracy of shooting
Ammunition.
108. Cordite
109. Lyddite shell
110. Shrapnel shell
111. Star shell
112. Time and percussion fuzes
113. Fuze indicator
114. Range tables
CHAPTER V.
LAYING.
115. General instructions
116. Direct laying
117. Indirect laying
118. Angle of sight
119. Deflection
120. Aiming points
121. Clearing the crest
122. Parallelism of lines of fire
123. Displacement
124. Gun layers and fuze setters
CHAPTER VI.
MOUNTED DRILL.
125. General instructions
126. Falling in for parade
127. Intervals and distances
128. Frontages and depths
129. Posts of officers, N.C.Os., etc.
130. Commands and signals
131. Leading and dressing
132. Wheeling
133. Markers
134. The battery of horse artillery
135. The field battery
136. The mountain battery
137. The heavy battery
138. Battery drill
139. Brigade drill
CHAPTER VII.
EMPLOYMENT OF ARTILLERY
IN WAR.
140. General instructions
Characteristics of Field Artillery.
141. Field guns
142. Field howitzers
143. Heavy artillery
144. Mountain artillery
Principles of Employment.
145. Objects of fire
146. Concealment
147. Economy of force
148. Protection
149. Intercommunication
Co-operation of Aircraft with Artillery.
150. Employment of aircraft
151. Signalling from aircraft
152. Signalling from the ground to aircraft
Duties of Divisional Artillery Commander.
153. General instructions
Artillery in Attack.
154. Action of the advanced guard artillery
155. Opening phase of the attack
156. Second phase of the attack
157. Third phase of the attack
Artillery in Defence.
158. General instructions and preliminary measures
159. Opening phase of the defence
160. Second phase of the defence
161. Third phase of the defence
Counter-Attacks.
162. Artillery support to local counter-attacks
163. Artillery support to the decisive counter-attack
Artillery in Wood and Village Fighting.
163A. The employment of artillery in wood fighting
163B. Artillery in the attack and defence of villages
Artillery in Night Operations.
164. General instructions
Artillery in Retirements and Retreats.
165. Retirements
166. Rearguards
Employment of Horse Artillery
with Cavalry.
167. General instructions
168. Position on the march
169. Escorts
170. The approach march
171. The advance into action
172. The fight
173. Pursuit or retreat
174. Horse artillery with cavalry acting dismounted
175. Horse artillery in a general engagement
176. Ammunition supply
Mobile Artillery in the Attack and Defence
of a Fortress.
177. The attack
178. The defence
Artillery in Irregular Warfare.
179. General principles
CHAPTER VIII.
BRIGADE TACTICS.
180. General instructions
181. Reconnaissance
182. Leading
183. Ground scouts
184. Occupation of a position
185. Intercommunication service
186. Allotting objectives and ranging
187. Observation and control
188. Change of position
189. Night firing
CHAPTER IX.
BATTERY TACTICS.
190. General instructions
191. Preparation for action
192. Reconnaissance of a position
193. Methods of occupying a position
194. Orders
195. Advance for action
196. To come into action
197. Duties of officers, etc., in action
198. Laying out the line of fire
199. Observation of fire
200. Look-out men
201. Control of fire
202. Methods of fire
203. Location of targets from aircraft
204. Observation of fire from aircraft
205. Signals from and to aeroplanes
206. Observation of fire from kites
Ranging.
207. General Instructions
208. To find the elevation
209. To find the fuze
210. To find the line
Ranging for Howitzers and Heavy Guns.
211. General instructions
212. Howitzers
213. Heavy batteries
Distribution of Fire.
214. General principles
215. Searching
216. Sweeping
217. Change of target
Methods of Engaging Various Objectives.
218. General instructions
219. To register a zone
220. Localities
221. Staffs
222. Cavalry
223. Artillery
224. Infantry
225. Machine guns
226. Aircraft
227. Examples of ranging
Change of Position.
228. To advance
229. To retire
Replacement of Casualties.
230. Casualties on the move
231. Casualties in action
CHAPTER X.
AMMUNITION SUPPLY.
232. General instructions
233. Ammunition supply within the battery
234. Replenishment of ammunition
235. Brigade ammunition columns
236. Divisional ammunition columns
237. Ammunition reserves on the line of commmunication
CHAPTER XI.
FIELD ENGINEERING.
238. Entrenching and concealing guns
239. Passage of obstacles
CHAPTER XII.
RECONNAISSANCE DUTIES, RANGE-FINDING,
AND COMMUNICATION SERVICE.
240. General instructions
241. Visual training
242. Training in judging distance
243. Training in observation
244. Reports and sketches
Range-finding.
245. General instructions
Service of Communication.
246. General system and principles
247. Internal communications
248. External communications
CHAPTER XIII.
MOVEMENTS AND QUARTERS.
249. Marches and march discipline
250. Billets
251. Bivouacs
Transport of Artillery.
252. Transport by rail
253. Slinging horses
254. Slinging guns and vehicles
APPENDIX I.
Syllabus of Training
APPENDIX II.
Precautions to be Taken when Firing
Blank Ammunition
LIST OF PLATES.
To face
page.
Index
NOTE.—Amendments, other than minor corrections, are indicated by a black line in the margin.
FIELD ARTILLERY
TRAINING.
1914.