Chapter VIII. —St. Clement to St. Thomas

1 . Dyer, 423.

2 . Notes and Queries, 1st Series, vol. viii. 618; Dyer, 425.

3 . Brand, 222 f.

4 . Henderson, “Folk Lore of the Northern Counties,” 97.

5 . Notes and Queries, 3rd Series, vol. iv. 492; Dyer, 423.

6 . Dyer, 425.

7 . Brand, 222.

8 . Ibid. 223.

9 . Notes and Queries, 2nd Series, vol. v. 47; Dyer, 427.

10. Dyer, 426 f.

11. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 415.

12. J. N. Raphael in “The Daily Express,” Nov. 28, 1911.

13. Dyer, 430.

14. Ibid. 429.

15. Tille, “D. W.,” 148.

16. B. Thorpe, “Northern Mythology” (London, 1852), iii. 143.

17. Ibid. iii. 144.

18. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 416 f. Cf. Grimm, iv. 1800.

19. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 417. Cf. Thorpe, iii. 145.

20. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 418.

21. Thorpe, iii. 145.

22. F. S. Krauss, “Sitte und Brauch der Südslaven” (Vienna, 1885), 179.

23. T. Stratilesco, “From Carpathian to Pindus: Pictures of Roumanian Country Life” (London, 1906), 189.

24. Ibid. 188 f.

25. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 416.

26. Ibid. 420 f.

27. Ibid. 425.

28. Thomas Naogeorgus, “The Popish Kingdome,” Englyshed by Barnabe Googe, 1570 (ed. by R. C. Hope, London, 1880), 44.

29. G. F. Abbott, “Macedonian Folklore” (Cambridge, 1903), 76.

30. P. M. Hough, “Dutch Life in Town and Country” (London, 1901), 96.

31. Cf. Frazer, “Golden Bough,” iii. 90, and also the Epiphany noise-makings described in the present volume.

32. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 426.

33. Hörmann, “Tiroler Volksleben,” 218 f.

34. Tille, “D. W.,” 30.

35. Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 370.

36. Hamilton, 30. Cf. article on St. Nicholas by Professor Anichkof in Folk-Lore, vol. v., 1894, 108 f.

37. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 428 f.

38. Tille, “D. W.,” 35 f.; Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 430.

39. Hörmann, “Tiroler Volksleben,” 209 f.

40. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 430.

41. Weinhold, 9.

42. Mannhardt, “Baumkultus,” 326.

43. Weinhold, 9.

44. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 431 f.

45. Hörmann, “Tiroler Volksleben,” 212 f.

46. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 433.

47. Ibid. 433.

48. Chambers, “M. S.,” i. 369.

49. W. S. Walsh, “Curiosities of Popular Customs” (London, 1898), 753 f. Cf. Chambers, “B. D.,” ii. 664.

50. Feilberg, i. 165, 170.

51. Ibid. i. 169 f.

52. Ibid. i. 171.

53. L. Caico, “Sicilian Ways and Days” (London, 1910), 188 f.

54. Feilberg, i. 168.

55. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 434.

56. Ibid. 434 f.

57. Grimm, iv. 1867.

58. Feilberg, i. 108 f.

59. Ibid. i. 111.

60. N. W. Thomas in Folk-Lore, vol. xi., 1900, 252.

61. Ashton, 52.

62. Dyer, 72 f.

63. Reinsberg-Düringsfeld, 436 f.

64. Ibid. 437.

65. Ibid. 438.

66. Ibid. 439.

67. Dyer, 439.

68. Ibid. 438 f.; Chambers, “B. D.,” ii. 724.

69. Abbott, 81.

70. Notes and Queries, 2nd Series, vol. v. 35; Dyer, 439.