List of Abbreviations Used in This Dictionary (part 7)

Rapture, rap′tūr, n. a seizing and carrying away: extreme delight: transport: ecstasy.—adj. Rap′tūred.—n. Rap′tūrist (Spens.), one filled with rapture.—adj. Rap′tūrous, seizing and carrying away: ecstatic.—adv. Rap′tūrously.

Rara avis, rā′ra ā′vis, n. a rare bird: a remarkable person:—pl. Rā′ræ ā′ves. [L.]

Rare, rār, adj. (comp. Rā′rer; superl. Rā′rest) thin: not dense, as rarefied atmosphere: sparse: seldom met with: uncommon: excellent: especially good: extraordinary.—ns. Rāre′bit, an erroneous form of Welsh-rabbit; Rarefac′tion, act of rarefying: expansion of aëriform bodies.—adj. Rar′efiable, capable of being rarefied.—v.t. Rarefy (rar′e-fī, or rā′re-fī), to make rare, thin, or less dense: to expand a body.—v.i. to become less dense:—pa.t. and pa.p. rar′efied.—adv. Rāre′ly, seldom: remarkably well.—ns. Rāre′ness, tenuity: scarcity; Rarity (rar′i-ti), state of being rare: thinness: subtilty: something valued for its scarcity: uncommonness. [Fr.,—L. rārus.]

Rare, rār, adj. underdone—of meat. [A.S. hrēr.]

Raree-show, rar′ē-shō, n. a show carried about in a box: a peep-show. [A corr. of rarity-show.]

Rareripe, rār′rīp, adj. early ripe. [Rathripe.]

Ras, ras, n. the chief vizier in Abyssinia: a headland, cape. [Ar., 'head.']

Rasant, rā′zant, adj. (fort.) sweeping or flanking, applied to fire. [Fr.]

Rascal, ras′kal, n. a dishonest fellow: a knave, rogue, scamp.—adj. worthless: mean.—ns. Ras′caldom, the class of rascals; Ras′calism, Rascal′ity, mean trickery or dishonesty: fraud: villainy: the rabble.—adj. Ras′calliest (Shak., superl. of Rascally).—n. Rascall′ion, a rascal: one of the lowest people: a low, mean wretch.—adjs. Ras′cally, Ras′cal-like, mean: vile: base. [Fr. racaille, scum of the people, through Low L. forms from L. radĕre, rasum, to scrape.]

Rase, rāz, v.t. to scratch or blot out: to efface: to cancel: to level with the ground, demolish, or ruin (in this sense raze is generally used).—n. a slight wound.—ns. Rā′sing, in shipbuilding, the act of marking figures upon timber; Rā′sing-ī′ron, a caulking-iron for cleaning the pitch, &c., from a vessel's seams; Rā′sing-knife, an edged tool for making marks on timber, &c.; Rā′sion, a scraping: rasure; Rā′sure, act of scraping, shaving, or erasing: obliterating: an erasure. [Fr. raser—L. radĕre, rasum, to scrape.]

Rash, rash, adj. (comp. Rash′er; superl. Rash′est) hasty: headstrong: incautious.—adj. Rash′-embraced′ (Shak.), rashly undertaken.—ns. Rash′er, a thin slice of broiled bacon, perh. because quickly roasted; Rash′ling, a rash person.—adv. Rash′ly, precipitately.—n. Rash′ness. [Dan. and Sw. rask; Ger. rasch, rapid.]

Rash, rash, n. a slight eruption on the skin. [O. Fr. rasche (Fr. rache)—L. radĕre, to scratch.]

Rash, rash, v.t. (obs.) to tear, to lacerate. [Fr. arracher, to uproot.]

Raskolnik, ras-kol′nik, n. in Russia, a schismatic, a dissenter from the orthodox or Greek Church.

Rasorial, ra-sō′ri-al, adj. belonging to an order of birds which scrape the ground for their food, as the hen.—n.pl. Rasō′res, the Gallinæ. [Rase.]

Rasp, rasp, v.t. to rub with a coarse file: to utter in a grating manner.—v.i. to have a grating effect.—n. a coarse file.—ns. Rasp′atory, a surgeon's rasp; Rasp′er, that which rasps: (coll.) a difficult fence; Rasp′-house, a place where wood is reduced to powder for dyeing; Rasp′ing, a filing.—adj. exasperating.—adv. Rasp′ingly.—ns. Rasp′ing-machine′, a bark-cutting machine; Rasp′ing-mill; Rasp′-punch, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.—adj. Rasp′y, rough. [O. Fr. rasper (Fr. râper)—Old High Ger. raspōn, whence Ger. raspeln, to rasp.]

Raspberry, raz′ber-i, n. the fruit of several plants of genus Rubus, the plant producing it—also Rasp.—n. Rasp′berry-bush, the shrub which yields the raspberry.—Raspberry borer, the larvæ of one of the clear-winged sphinxes; Raspberry vinegar, a drink of raspberry juice, vinegar, and sugar.

Rastrum, ras′trum, n. a music-pen. [Rase.]

Rat, rat, n. an animal of the genus Mus, larger and more destructive than the mouse: a renegade, turncoat: a workman who accepts lower than the authorised wages, who declines to join in a strike, or who takes a striker's work: a roll of anything used to puff out the hair which is turned over it.—v.i. (coll.) to desert one's party and join their opponents for gain or power: to take lower than current wages, to refuse to join in a strike, to take a striker's place:—pr.p. rat′ting; pa.p. and pa.t. rat′ted.—ns. Rat′-catch′er, one whose business it is to catch rats; Rat′-catch′ing; Rat′-hole (print.), a pigeon-hole; Rat′-pit, an enclosure where rats are killed; Rat′-poi′son, a preparation of arsenic; Rat's′-bane, poison for rats: arsenious acid; Rat′-tail, an excrescence growing on a horse's leg.—adj. Rat′-tailed, having a tail like a rat.—ns. Rat′ter, a terrier which catches rats; Rat′tery, apostasy; Rat′ting, deserting one's principles: working for less than the usual prices: setting a dog to kill rats in a pit; Rat′-trap, a trap for catching rats.—Rat-tailed larva, the larva of certain syrphid flies.—Smell a rat, to have a suspicion. [A.S. ræt; Ger. ratte.]

Rata, rä′ta, n. a New Zealand tree related to various species of Ironwood, its wood once much used for making clubs, and valuable for shipbuilding.

Ratable, Rateable, rā′ta-bl, adj. See Rate.

Ratafia, rat-a-fē′a, n. a flavouring essence made with the essential oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,—Malay araqtáfía, from Ar. ‛araq, Malay táfía, rum.]

Ratan, ra-tan′, n. Same as Rattan.

Ratany, rat′a-ni, n. a perennial procumbent shrub, yielding the medicinal ratany root. [Peruv.]

Rataplan, rat-a-plong′, n. the sound or rattle of the military drum, a tattoo. [Fr.; imit.]

Rat-a-tat, rat′-a-tat′, n. sound of repeated knocks, as of a drumstick.—Also Rat′-tat. [Imit.]

Ratch, rach, n. a rack or bar with teeth into which a click drops: the wheel which makes a clock strike: a white mark on the face of a horse.—v.t. to stretch: to streak.—v.i. to sail by tacks.—ns. Ratch′et, a bar acting on the teeth of a ratchet-wheel: a click or pall; Ratch′et-coup′ling, a device for uncoupling machinery in the event of a sudden stoppage; Ratch′et-drill, a tool for drilling holes, the bit mounted in a stock and rotated by a ratchet-wheel and lever; Ratch′et-jack, a form of screw-jack; Ratch′et-lē′ver, a lever fitted round a ratchet-wheel; Ratch′et-punch, a punch worked by means of a ratchet-lever; Ratch′et-wheel, a wheel having teeth against which a ratchet abuts, for changing a reciprocating into a rotatory motion, &c.; Ratch′et-wrench, a ratchet bed-key wrench.—adj. Ratch′ety, jerky.—n. Ratch′ment (archit.), a flying buttress springing from corner principals. [Rack.]

Ratchel, rach′el, n. (prov.) broken-stone, hard-pan.—Also Ratch′il.

Rate, rāt, n. a ratio or proportion: allowance: standard: value: price: the class of a ship and of seamen: movement, as fast or slow: a tax.—v.t. to calculate: to estimate: to settle the relative rank, scale, or position of.—v.i. to make an estimate: to be placed in a certain class: to ratify.—ns. Rātabil′ity, Rā′tableness, quality of being ratable.—adj. Rā′table, Rā′teable, that may be rated or set at a certain value: subject to taxation.—adv. Rā′tably.—ns. Rāte′-book, a book of valuations; Rāte′payer, one who pays a local tax.—adj. Rāte′paying, paying, or relating to, an assessed local tax.—ns. Rā′ter, one who makes an estimate; Rāte′-tithe, a tithe paid for sheep and cattle; Rā′ting, a fixing of rates: classification according to rank or grade.—At any rate, by any means; By no rate, by no means. [O. Fr.,—Low L. rata, rate—L. rēri, ratus, to think.]

Rate, rāt, v.t. to tax: to scold: to chide: to reprove. [M. E. raten, acc. to Skeat, from O. Fr. aretter, to impute—L. ad, to, reputāre, to count. Others explain as Scand., Sw. rata, to reject.]

Ratel, rā′tel, n. a genus of quadrupeds of the bear family, nearly allied to the gluttons, and very like the badgers. [Fr., dim. of rat.]

Rat-goose, rat′-gōōs, n. the brent or brant goose.

Rath, räth, adj. early, soon—also Rathe.—adv. Rath (arch.), early, soon.—adj. Rath′erest (Shak.), superl. of Rath.—adv. Rath′ly, suddenly.—adj. Rath′ripe, early ripe. [A.S. hræth, quickly; Ice. hradhr, swift, Mid. High Ger. hrad, quick.]

Rath, rath, n. a prehistoric hill-fort. [Ir.]

Rath, rät, n. a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples.

Rath, rät, n. a Burmese state-carriage.

Rather, räth′ėr, adv. more willingly: in preference: especially: more so than otherwise: on the contrary: somewhat, in some degree: more properly: (coll.) considerably, very much.—adj. Rath′erish, to a slight degree, somewhat.—Rather better than, somewhat in excess of.—The rather, by so much the more. [A.S. hrathor, comp. of hrathe, early.]

Ratify, rat′i-fī, v.t. to approve and sanction: to settle:—pa.t. and pa.p. rat′ified.—ns. Ratificā′tion, act of ratifying or confirming: confirmation; Rat′ifier, one who, or that which, ratifies or sanctions. [Fr. ratifier—L. ratus, fixed by calculation—rēri, ratus, to think, facĕre, to make.]

Ratio, rā′shi-o, n. the relation or the proportion of one thing to another: reason, cause: (mus.) the relation between the vibration-numbers of two tones. [L. ratio, reason—rēri, ratus, to think.]

Ratiocinate, rash-i-os′i-nāt, v.i. to reason:—pr.p. ratioc′inating; pa.p. ratioc′inated.—n. Ratiocinā′tion, the process of reasoning: deduction from premises.—adjs. Ratioc′inātive, Ratioc′inātory. [L. ratiocināri, -ātus—ratio, reason.]

Ration, rā′shon, n. the quantity of provisions distributed to a soldier or sailor daily: an allowance.—n. Rā′tion-mon′ey, money paid as commutation for rations. [Fr.,—L. ratio.]

Rational, rash′on-al, adj. pertaining to the reason: endowed with reason: agreeable to reason: sane: intelligent: judicious: (arith., alg.) noting a quantity which can be exactly expressed by numbers.—n. Rationabil′ity, the possession of reason.—adj. Rat′ionable, reasonable.—ns. Rationā′le, a rational account of anything, with reasons for its existence: a theoretical explanation or solution; Rationalisā′tion, subjection to rational principles.—v.t. Rat′ionalise, to interpret like a rationalist: to think for one's self.—v.i. to rely entirely or unduly on reason.—ns. Rat′ionalism, the religious system or doctrines of a rationalist; Rat′ionalist, one who believes himself guided in his opinions solely by reason, independently of authority, esp. in regard to religion—denying supernatural revelation.—adjs. Rationalist′ic, -al, pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of rationalism.—adv. Rationalist′ically, in a rationalistic manner.—n. Rational′ity, quality of being rational: the possession or due exercise of reason: reasonableness.—adv. Rat′ionally, reasonably.—n. Rat′ionalness.—n.pl. Rat′ionals, dress for women convenient for bicycling, &c.—breeches instead of skirts.

Rational, rash′on-al, n. the breast-plate of the Jewish high-priest: a pectoral worn by a bishop. [L. rationale, a mistaken rendering in the Vulgate of the Gr. logion, oracle.]

Ratitæ, rā-tī′tē, n. a division of birds, including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis.—n. Rā′tite, Rat′itate, raft-breasted, as a bird.

Ratiuncule, rā-shi-ung′kūl, n. a ratio very near unity. [Dim. of L. ratio.]

Ratline, Ratlin, rat′lin, n. one of the small lines or ropes traversing the shrouds and forming the steps of the rigging of ships—also Rat′ling, Ratt′ling.—n. Rat′line-stuff (naut.), a tarred rope from which ratlines are made. [Prob. rat-lines.]

Ratoon, ra-tōōn′, n. a new shoot from the root of a sugar-cane.—v.i. to send up new shoots from the root after cropping. [Hind. ratun.]

Rattan, rat-an′, n. a genus of palms having a smooth, reed-like stem several hundreds of feet in length: a walking-stick made of rattan: stems of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay rótan.]

Rattan, ra-tan′, n. the continuous beat of a drum.

Ratteen, rat-tēn′, n. a thick woollen stuff. [Fr.]

Ratten, rat′n, v.t. to break or take away a workman's tools, &c., for disobeying the trades-union—the loss being ironically attributed to rats.

Rattinet, rat-ti-net′, n. a thin variety of ratteen.

Ratting. See Rat.

Rattle, rat′l, v.i. to clatter: to move along rapidly, with a clattering noise: to speak eagerly and noisily.—v.t. to cause to make a clatter: to stun with noise: to speak rapidly: to scold loudly.—n. a sharp noise rapidly repeated, as the death-rattle: a clatter: loud empty talk: loud scolding: a toy or instrument for rattling: a brisk jabberer: an annual meadow herb: a lousewort.—adjs. Ratt′le-brained, -head′ed, -pat′ed, noisy: giddy: unsteady.—ns. Ratt′le-mouse, a bat; Ratt′lepate, a noisy chatterer; Ratt′ler, a loud, inconsiderate talker: (coll.) a stunning blow: (coll.) an impudent lie; Ratt′lesnake, a poisonous snake having a number of hard, bony rings loosely jointed at the end of the tail, which make a rattling noise; Ratt′lesnake-grass, an American grass; Ratt′lesnake-mas′ter, -root, an American plant reputed to cure the bite of a rattlesnake; Ratt′lesnake-weed, a hawk-weed of the United States; Ratt′le-trap, a rickety vehicle; Ratt′lewort, a plant of genus Crotalaria; Ratt′ling, a clattering: railing.—adj. making a rattle: smart, lively: (coll.) strikingly great. [A.S. hrætele, hratele, a plant—from the rattling of the seeds in the capsules; Ger. rasseln, Dut. ratelen, to rattle.]

Rattling, rat′ling, n. Same as Ratline.

Raucity, raws′i-ti, n. hoarseness: harshness of sound.—adjs. Rauc′id, Raucous (raw′kus), hoarse.—adv. Rauc′ously. [L. raucus, hoarse.]

Raucle, rawk′l, adj. (Scot.) rough: fearless.

Raught, rawt (Spens.)—(obs.) pa.t. of reach.

Ravage, rav′āj, v.t. to lay waste: to destroy: to pillage.—n. devastation: ruin.—n. Rav′ager. [Fr.,—ravir, to carry off by force—L. rapĕre.]

Rave, rāv, v.i. to be mad: to be wild or raging, like a madman: to talk irrationally.—v.t. to utter wildly.—ns. Rā′ver, one who raves or is furious; Rā′ving, furious talk.—adj. delirious: distracted.—adv. Rā′vingly, in a raving manner: with frenzy: with distraction. [O. Fr. râver (Fr. rêver), to be delirious—L. rabies, madness.]

Rave, rāv, n. one of the side pieces of a wagon.

Rave, rāv, old pa.t. of rive.

Rave-hook, rāv′-hook, n. a ripping-iron.

Ravel, rav′el, v.t. to confuse, entangle: to untwist or unweave: to unravel (in this sense usually with out).—v.i. to be untwisted or unwoven: to become entangled: to search (with into):—pr.p. rav′elling; pa.t. and pa.p. rav′elled.—n. a ravelled thread.—adj. Rav′elled, denoting bread made from flour and bran.—ns. Rav′elling, a ravelled thread; Rav′elling-en′gine, a machine for tearing rags.—adv. Rav′elly.—n. Rav′elment, discord. [Dut. ravelen.]

Ravelin, rav′lin, n. a detached work with two embankments raised before the counterscarp. [Fr.,—It. rivellino.]

Raven, rā′vn, n. a kind of crow, noted for its croak and glossy black plumage.—adj. black, like a raven.—adj. Rā′ven-col′oured (Shak.).—ns. Rā′ven's-duck, fine hempen sail-cloth; Rā′venstone, a gallows. [A.S. hræfn; Ice. hrafn, Dut. raaf.]

Raven, Ravin (B.), rav′n, v.t. to obtain by violence: to devour with great eagerness or voracity.—v.i. to prey rapaciously.—n. prey: plunder.—ns. Rav′ener, a plunderer; Rav′ening (B.), eagerness for plunder.—adjs. Rav′enous, Rav′ined, voracious: devouring with rapacity: eager for prey or gratification.—adv. Rav′enously.—n. Rav′enousness. [O. Fr. ravine, plunder—L. rapina, plunder.]

Ravine, ra-vēn′, n. a long, deep hollow, worn away by a torrent: a deep, narrow mountain-pass. [Fr.,—L. rapina, rapine, violence.]

Ravish, rav′ish, v.t. to seize or carry away by violence: to rob: to have sexual intercourse with by force: to fill with ecstasy.—n. Rav′isher.—p.adj. Rav′ishing, delighting to rapture: transporting: ecstatic.—adv. Rav′ishingly, in a ravishing manner: with rapture.—n. Rav′ishment, act of ravishing: abduction: rape: ecstatic delight: rapture. [Fr. ravir—L. rapĕre.]

Raw, raw, adj. not altered from its natural state: not cooked or dressed: unbaked: not prepared or manufactured: not mixed: having the skin abraded: sore, as from abrasion of the skin: unfinished: immature: inexperienced: chilly and damp.—n. a galled place: an inveterate sore: hence (fig.) a point on which one is particularly sensitive.—adjs. Raw′bone (Spens.), Raw′boned, with little flesh on the bones: gaunt; Raw′-cold (Shak.), damp and cold.—ns. Raw′head, a spectre mentioned to frighten children; Raw′hide, an untanned skin: a whip made of twisted, untanned leather.—adj. Raw′ish, rather raw.—adv. Raw′ly.—ns. Raw′ness; Raw′-port, a porthole through which an oar can be worked in a small vessel. [A.S. hreáw; Dut. raauw, Ice. hrár, Ger. roh.]

Rax, raks, v.t. (Scot.) to reach out, hand. [Rack.]

Ray, rā, n. array.—v.t. to array—hence, ironically, (Shak.) to bedaub. [Array.]

Ray, rā, n. a line of light or heat: a beam or gleam of intellectual light: a radiating part of any structure: (bot.) the outer part of a flower-cluster.—v.t. to radiate: to furnish with rays.—v.i. to shine out.—adjs. Rayed, having rays; Ray′less, without rays: destitute of light. [Fr. raie—L. radius, a rod.]

Ray, rā, n. a popular name for such flat, cartilaginous fishes as the skate, thornback, and torpedo.—n. Ray′-oil, oil prepared from the livers of ray-fish. [Fr. raie—L. raia.]

Ray, rā, n. the scab—a disease of sheep.

Ray, rā, n. (mus.) the second note of the diatonic scale.

Rayah, rä′ya, n. a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the capitation tax. [Ar. raiya—ra‛a, to pasture.]

Rayle, rāl, v.i. (Spens.). Same as Rail.

Rayne, rān, v.i. and n. (Spens.). Same as Rain.

Rayon, rā′on, n. (Spens.) a ray. [Fr.]

Rayonnant, rā′o-nant, adj. (her.) sending forth rays. [Fr., pr.p. of rayonner, to emit rays—rayon, a ray.]

Raze, rāz, n. (Shak.). Same as Race (3).

Raze, rāz, v.t. to lay level with the ground: to overthrow: to destroy. [Rase.]

Raze, rāz, n. a swinging fence in a water-course to prevent the passage of cattle.

Razee, ra-zē′, n. a ship-of-war cut down by reducing the number of decks. [Fr. rasé, cut down.]

Razor, rā′zor, n. a keen-edged implement for shaving: a tusk, as the razors of a boar.—adj Rā′zorable (Shak.), fit to be shaved.—ns. Rā′zor-back, a kind of baleen whale, also called Rorqual, Fin-back, or Finner: a hog whose back has the form of a ridge; Rā′zor-bill, a species of auk, common on the coasts of the northern Atlantic; Rā′zor-blade, -clam, -fish, -shell, a bivalve mollusc with an elongated, narrow shell; Rā′zor-hone, a hone for sharpening razors; Rā′zor-paste, a paste for spreading on a razor-strop; Rā′zor-strop, a strop for razors. [Fr. rasoir—L. radĕre, rasum, to scrape.]

Razure, rā′zhōōr, n. Same as Erasure.

Razzia, rat′si-a, n. a pillaging incursion—Algerian.

Re, rā, n. (mus.). Same as Ray.

Re, rē, n. a word used in the legal phrase In re, in the case (of). [L., abl. of res, thing, case.]

Reabsorb, rē-ab-sorb′, v.t. to absorb, suck in, or swallow up again.—n. Reabsorp′tion.

Reaccommodate, rē-a-kom′o-dāt, v.t. to readjust.

Reaccuse, rē-a-kūz′, v.t. to accuse again.

Reach, rēch, v.t. to stretch or extend: to attain or obtain by stretching out the hand: to hand over: to extend to: to arrive at: to get at: to gain.—v.i. to be extended: to mount up in quantity or number: to stretch out the hand: to try to obtain: to arrive.—n. act or power of reaching: extent of stretch: extent of force: penetration: artifice: contrivance: a straight portion of a stream between bends: (naut.) the distance traversed between tacks.—adj Reach′able, within reach.—ns. Reach′er, one who reaches; Reach′ing-post, in rope-making, a post fixed at the lower end of a rope-walk.—adjs Reach′less, unattainable; Reach′-me-down, ready-made.—Head reach, the distance to windward traversed by a vessel while tacking. [A.S. rǽcan; Ger. reichen, to reach.]

Reacquite, rē-a-kwīt′, v.t. to pay back: to requite.

React, rē-akt′, v.t. to act anew.—v.i. to return an impulse in the opposite direction: to act mutually on each other.—n. Reac′tion, action resisting other action: mutual action: backward tendency from revolution, reform, or progress.—adj Reac′tionary, for or implying reaction.—n. one who attempts to reverse political action.—n. Reac′tionist.—adj Reac′tive.—adv. Reac′tively.—ns. Reac′tiveness, Reactiv′ity.

Read, rēd, v.t. to utter aloud written or printed words: to peruse: to comprehend: to study, as to read law, science: to teach: to make out, from signs: to solve, as to read a dream: to interpret: to understand, as reading the stars: to note the indication of, as to read a barometer: impute by inference, as to read a meaning into a book.—v.i. to perform the act of reading: to practise much reading: to appear on reading: to advise: to speak: to acquire information: to utter the words of a book: (mus.) to render music at first sight: to put a certain expression upon it: to be suitable for perusal:—pa.t. and pa.p. read (red).—n. Read, a reading, perusal: (Spens.) counsel, a saying, an interpretation.—adj Read (red), versed in books: learned.—ns. Readabil′ity, Read′ableness.—adj Readable (rēd′a-bl), that may be read: worth reading: interesting: enabling to read.—adv. Read′ably.—ns. Read′er, one who reads: one whose office it is to read prayers in a church, or lectures in a university, &c.: one who reads or corrects proofs: one who reads much: a reading-book; Read′ership, the office of a reader.—adj. Read′ing, addicted to reading.—n. act of reading: perusal: study of books: public or formal recital: the way in which a passage reads: an interpretation of a passage or work: a version: noting an instrument, as the reading of a barometer.—ns. Read′ing-book, a book of exercises in reading; Read′ing-boy (print.), a reader's assistant; Read′ing-desk, a desk for holding a book or paper while it is read: a church-lectern; Read′ing-lamp, a form of lamp for use in reading; Read′ing-room, a room with papers, periodicals, &c., resorted to for reading.—Read between the lines, to detect a meaning not expressed; Read one's self in, in the Church of England, to read the Thirty-nine Articles and repeat the declaration of assent prescribed by law to a new incumbent.—Penny reading, an entertainment consisting of readings, &c., to which the admission is a penny. [A.S. rǽdan, to discern, read—rǽd, counsel; Ger. rathen, to advise.]

Readdress, rē-ad-dres′, v.t. to address again.

Readeption, rē-a-dep′shun, n. (Bacon) the act of regaining, recovery.—v.t. Readept′. [L. re-, again, adipisci, adeptus, to obtain.]

Readjourn, rē-ad-jurn′, v.t. to adjourn again.—n. Readjourn′ment.

Readjust, rē-ad-just′, v.t. to adjust or put in order again, or in a new way.—n. Readjust′ment.

Readmit, rē-ad-mit′, v.t. to admit again.—ns. Readmis′sion, act of readmitting: state of being readmitted; Readmit′tance, admittance or allowance to enter again.

Readorn, rē-a-dorn′, v.t. to decorate again.

Ready, red′i, adj. prepared at the moment: in proper time: prepared in mind: willing: not slow or awkward: dexterous: prompt: quick: present in hand: at hand: near: easy: on the point of: opportune: off-hand, as a ready retort.—n. a waiter's answer to a call: the position of a soldier's weapon after the order 'Make ready!' (slang) ready-money.—v.t. to dispose: to arrange.—adv. in a state of readiness or preparation.—adv. Read′ily.—n. Read′iness.—adj. Read′y-made, made and ready for use: not made to order.—ns. Read′y-mon′ey, cash payment; Read′y-pole, a bar across the chimney to support the pot-hook; Read′y-reck′oner, a book of tables giving the value of any number of things from the lowest monetary unit upwards: also the interest on any sum of money from a day upwards.—adj. Read′y-wit′ted, having ready wit: clever: sharp.—Make ready, to prepare. [A.S. rǽde—rídan, to ride; Scot. red, to put in order, Ger. be-reit, ready.]

Reaffirm, re-af-fėrm′, v.t. to affirm again.—n. Reaffirmā′tion.

Reafforest, rē-af-for′est, v.t. to convert anew into a forest.—n. Reafforestā′tion.

Reagent, rē-ā′jent, n. a substance that reacts on and detects the presence of other bodies: a test: one who exerts reflex influence.—n. Reā′gency.

Reaggravation, rē-ag-rav-ā′shun, n. the last monitory before the excommunication.

Reagree, rē-a-grē′, v.i. to become reconciled.

Reak, rēk, n. (obs.) a freak: a prank.

Real, rē′al, adj. actually existing: not counterfeit or assumed: true: genuine: sincere: authentic: (law) pertaining to things fixed, as lands or houses.—adj. Rē′alisable, that may be realised.—n. Realisā′tion, act of realising or state of being realised: a realising sense or feeling.—v.t. Rē′alise, to make real: to bring into being or act: to accomplish: to convert into real property or money: to obtain, as a possession: to feel strongly: to comprehend completely: to bring home to one's own experience.—n. Rē′aliser, one who realises.—p.adj. Rē′alising, serving to make real or bring home to one as a reality: conversion of property into money.—ns. Rē′alism, the medieval doctrine that general terms stand for real existences—opp. to Nominalism: the doctrine that in external perception the objects immediately known are real existences: the tendency in art to accept and to represent things as they really are—opp. to Idealism—a method of representation without idealisation, raised by modern French writers into a system, claiming a monopoly of truth in its artistic treatment of the facts of nature and life; Rē′alist, one who holds the doctrine of realism: one who believes in the existence of the external world.—adj. Rēalist′ic, pertaining to the realists or to realism: life-like.—adv. Rēalist′ically.—n. Rēal′ity, that which is real and not imaginary: truth: verity: (law) the fixed, permanent nature of real property.—adv. Rē′ally, in reality: actually: in truth.—ns. Rē′alness, the condition of being real; Rē′alty, land, with houses, trees, minerals, &c. thereon: the ownership of, or property in, lands—also Real estate.—Real presence (see Presence); Real school, a modern German preparatory, scientific, or technical school—the highest grade being the Real gymnasium, or first-class modern school, as opp. to the gymnasium proper, or classical school. [Low L. realis—L. res, a thing.]

Real, rē-al′, n. a Spanish coin, 100 of which=£1 sterling. [Sp.,—L. regalis, royal.]

Realgar, rē-al′gar, n. a native sulphuret of arsenic, a mineral consisting of about 70 parts of arsenic and 30 of sulphur, and of a brilliant red colour. [Fr.,—Ar. rahj-al-ghar, 'powder of the mine.']

Reallege, rē-al-lej′, v.t. to allege again.

Really, rē-a-lī′, v.t. (Spens.) to bring together again: to reform.—v.t. to arrange again.—n. Reallī′ance, a renewed alliance.

Realm, relm, n. a regal or royal jurisdiction: kingdom: province: country: dominion. [O. Fr. realme—Low L. regalimen—L. regalis, royal.]

Realty, rē′al-ti, n. fealty: royalty (see also Real, 1).

Ream, rēm, n. a quantity of paper consisting of 20 quires of 24 sheets. [O. Fr. raime (Fr. rame)—Sp. resma—Ar. rizma (pl. rizam), a bundle.]

Ream, rēm, v.i. (prov.) to cream: to froth.—n. Ream′iness.—adj. Ream′y.

Ream, rēm, v.t. to stretch: to enlarge by a rotatory cutter.—ns. Ream′er; Ream′ing-bit.

Reame, rēm, n. (Spens.) a realm.

Rean, rēn, n. a gutter. [Run.]

Reanimate, rē-an′i-māt, v.t. to restore to life: to infuse new life or spirit into: to revive.—n. Reanimā′tion.

Reannex, rē-an-neks′, v.t. to annex again, to reunite.—n. Reannexā′tion.

Reanoint, rē-an-oint′, v.t. to anoint anew.

Reanswer, rē-an′sėr, v.t. and v.i. (Shak.) to answer back, to react.

Reap, rēp, v.t. to cut down, as grain: to clear off a crop: to gather by effort: to receive as a reward: to obtain a harvest.—ns. Reap′er, Reap′man; Reap′ing-hook, a hook-shaped instrument, with a handle, for cutting grain: a sickle; Reap′ing-machine′, a machine for cutting grain, drawn by horses, &c.; Reap′-sil′ver, money paid by feudal tenants as a commutation for their services in reaping the crops. [A.S. rípan, to pluck; Goth. raupjan, Ger. raufen.]

Reapparel, rē-ap-par′el, v.t. to clothe again.

Reappear, rē-ap-pēr′, v.i. to appear again or a second time.—n. Reappear′ance, a second appearance.

Reapply, rē-ap-plī′, v.t. and v.i. to apply again.—n. Reapplicā′tion.

Reappoint, rē-ap-point′, v.t. to appoint again.—n. Reappoint′ment.

Reapportion, rē-ap-pōr′shun, v.t. to apportion again.—n. Reappor′tionment.

Reapproach, rē-ap-prōch′, v.t. and v.i. to approach again.

Rear, rēr, n. the back or hindmost part: the last part of an army or fleet.—ns. Rear′-ad′miral, an officer of the third rank, who commands the rear division of a fleet; Rear′dorse, an open fireplace, without a chimney, against the rear wall of a room; Rear′-front, the rear-rank of a body of troops when faced about; Rear′-guard, troops which protect the rear of an army; Rear′horse, an insect of the family Mantidæ; Rear′ing-bit, a bit to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing; Rear′ing-box, in fish-culture, a fish-breeder; Rear′-line, the last rank of a battalion, &c., drawn up in open order; Rear′most, last of all; Rear′-rank, the hindermost rank of a body of troops; Rear′ward, Rere′ward, (B.), the rear-guard, the part which comes last. [O. Fr. riere—L. retro, behind.]

Rear, rēr, v.t. to bring up to maturity: to educate: to erect: (Milt.) to lift upward, as steps: (Spens.) to carry off by force: to stir up.—v.i. to rise on the hind-legs, as a horse.—n. Rear′er, one who rears or raises: in coal-mines, a seam having an inclination of more than 30°. [A.S. rǽran, to raise, the causal of rísan, to rise.]

Rear, rēr, adj. early: underdone.—adjs. Rear′-boiled; Rear′-roast′ed. [Rare.]

Reargue, rē-ar′gū, v.t. to argue over again.—n. Rear′gument.

Rearmouse. Same as Reremouse.

Rearrange, rē-ar-rānj′, v.t. to arrange anew.—n. Rearrange′ment.

Reascend, rē-as-send′, v.t. and v.i. to ascend, mount, or climb again.—ns. Reascen′sion, Reascent′.

Reason, rē′zn, n. an idea which supports or justifies an act or belief: a motive: proof: excuse: cause: an explanation: the faculty of the mind by which man draws conclusions, and determines right and truth: the exercise of reason: just view of things: right conduct: propriety: justice: that which is conformable to reason: (logic) a premise placed after its conclusion.—v.i. to exercise the faculty of reason: to deduce inferences from premises: to argue: to debate: (B.) to converse.—v.t. to examine or discuss: to debate: to persuade by reasoning.—adj. Rea′sonable, endowed with reason: rational: acting according to reason: agreeable to reason: just: not excessive: moderate.—n. Rea′sonableness.—adv. Rea′sonably.—ns. Rea′soner; Rea′soning, act of reasoning: that which is offered in argument: course of argument.—adj. Rea′sonless.—n. Rea′son-piece, a wall plate.—By reason of, on account of: in consequence of; Principle of sufficient reason, the proposition that nothing happens without a sufficient reason why it should be as it is and not otherwise; Pure reason, reason absolutely independent of experience. [Fr. raison—L. ratio, rationis—rēri, ratus, to think.]

Reassemble, rē-as-sem′bl, v.t. and v.i. to assemble or collect again.—n. Reassem′blage.

Reassert, rē-as-sert′, v.t. to assert again.—n. Reasser′tion.

Reassess, rē-as-ses′, v.t. to assess again.—n. Reassess′ment.

Reassign, rē-as-sīn′, v.t. to assign again: to transfer back what has been assigned.—n. Reassign′ment.

Reassume, rē-as-sūm′, v.t. to assume or take again.—n. Reassump′tion.

Reassure, rē-a-shōōr′, v.t. to assure anew: to give confidence to: to confirm: to insure an insurer.—ns. Reassur′ance, repeated assurance: a second assurance against loss; Reassur′er.—adj. Reassur′ing.—adv. Reassur′ingly.

Reast, rēst, v.t. to dry or smoke (as meat). [Roast.]

Reata, Riata, rē-ä′ta, n. a rope of raw hide, used in America for catching animals. [Sp.,—L. re-, back, aptare, to fit on.]

Reattach, rē-at-tach′, v.t. to attach again.—n. Reattach′ment.

Reattain, rē-at-tān′, v.t. to attain again.

Reattempt, rē-at-temt′, v.t. to attempt again.

Réaumur's scale. See Thermometer.

Reave, rēv, v.t. to take away by violence:—pa.t. and pa.p. reft.—n. Reav′er. [A.S. reáfian, to rob—reáf, clothing, spoil; Ger. rauben, to rob.]

Reawake, rē-a-wāk′, v.i. to awake again.

Reballing, rē-bawl′ing, n. the catching of eels with earthworms fastened to a ball of lead.

Rebaptise, rē-bap-tīz′, v.t. to baptise again.—ns. Rebap′tiser; Rebap′tism, Rebaptisā′tion; Rebap′tist, one who baptises again: an anabaptist.

Rebate, rē-bāt′, v.t. (Shak.) to beat to obtuseness, to blunt: to beat back: to allow as discount.—n. Rēbāte′ment, deduction: diminution: narrowing: (her.) a shortening, as of one arm of a cross. [Fr. rebattre, to beat back—L. re-, back, battuĕre, to beat.]

Rebate, rē-bāt′, n. same as Rabate—also a hard freestone used in pavements: wood fastened to a handle in beating mortar.

Rebec, Rebeck, rē′bek, n. a musical instrument of the violin kind, with three strings played with a bow, introduced by the Moors into Spain. [O. Fr. rebec (Sp. rabel)—Ar. rabāba.]

Rebeccaite, rē-bek′a-īt, n. one of a set of rioters in South Wales, in 1843-44, who scoured the country by night, the leaders disguised in women's clothes, and threw down the toll-bars on the public roads; they were called 'Rebecca and her daughters,' from Gen. xxiv. 60.—n. Rebecc′aism.

Rebel, reb′el, n. one who rebels.—adj. rebellious.—v.i. (re-bel′) to renounce the authority of the laws and government to which one owes allegiance, or to take up arms and openly oppose them: to oppose any lawful authority:—pr.p. rebel′ling; pa.t. and pa.p. rebelled′.—n. Rebel′ler, one who rebels: a rebel.—adj. Reb′el-like (Shak.), like a rebel.—n. Rebell′ion, act of rebelling: open opposition to lawful authority: revolt: the Great Rebellion in England from 1642 to 1660: the American civil war of 1861-65.—adj. Rebell′ious, engaged in rebellion: characteristic of a rebel or rebellion: (of things) refractory.—adv. Rebell′iously, in a rebellious manner: in opposition to lawful authority.—n. Rebell′iousness.—adj. Reb′elly, rebellious. [Fr. rebelle—L. rebellis, insurgent—re-, again, bellum, war.]

Rebellow, rē-bel′ō, v.i. (Spens.) to bellow in return: to echo back a loud noise.

Rebind, rē-bīnd′, v.t. to bind anew.

Rebirth, rē-bėrth′, n. a new entrance into a living form, according to the doctrine of metempsychosis.

Rebite, rē-bīt′, v.t. to freshen worn lines in a plate.

Reboant, reb′ō-ant, adj. rebellowing: loudly resounding.—n. Reboā′tion. [L. reboans, -antis, pr.p. of reboāre—re-, again, boāre, to cry aloud.]

Reboil, rē-boil′, v.t. and v.i. to cause to boil again.

Reborn, rē-bawrn′, adj. endowed with fresh life.

Rebound, rē-bownd′, v.i. to bound or start back: to bound repeatedly: to recoil: to reverberate: to re-echo.—v.t. to repeat as an echo.—n. act of rebounding: recoil.

Rebrace, rē-brās′, v.t. to renew the strength of.

Rebuff, rē-buf′, n. a. beating back: sudden check: defeat: unexpected refusal.—v.t. to beat back: to check: to repel violently: to refuse. [O. Fr. rebuffe—It. rebuffo, a reproof—It. ri (—L. re-), back, buffare, to puff.]

Rebuild, rē-bild′, v.t. to build again: to renew.—n. Rebuild′er.

Rebuke, rē-būk′, v.t. to check with reproof: to chide or reprove: (B.) to chasten.—n. direct reproof: reprimand: reprobation: (B.) chastisement: a severe check.—adjs. Rebūk′able; Rebuke′ful.—adv. Rebuke′fully.—n. Rebūk′er.—adv. Rebūk′ingly. [O. Fr. rebouquer (Fr. reboucher), from re-, back, bouque (Fr. bouche), the mouth—L. bucca, the cheek.]

Rebullition, rē-bul-ish′un, n. a renewed effervescence. [L. rebullīre, to bubble up.]

Reburse, rē-bėrs′, v.t. to pay over again. [L. re-, again, bursa, purse.]

Rebus, rē′bus, n. an enigmatical representation of a name or thing by using pictorial devices for letters, syllables, or parts of words: a riddle: (her.) a coat of arms bearing an allusion to the name of the bearer:—pl. Rē′buses. [L., res, a thing—prob. from the device speaking to the beholder non verbis sed rebus.]

Rebut, rē-but′, v.t. to butt or drive back: to repel: to reject: (law) to oppose by argument or proof.—v.i. (law) to return an answer:—pr.p. rebut′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. rebut′ted.—adj. Rēbut′table.—ns. Rēbut′tal; Rēbut′ter, that which rebuts: a plaintiff's answer to a defendant's rejoinder. [O. Fr. rebuter, to repulse—L. re-, back, Mid. High Ger. bōzen, to beat.]

Recalcitrant, rē-kal′si-trant, adj. showing repugnance or opposition: refractory.—v.i. or (rarely) v.t. Recal′citrate, to show repugnance.—n. Recalcitrā′tion. [L. recalcitrans, -antis—re-, back, calcitrāre, -ātum, to kick—calx, calcis, the heel.]

Recalesce, rē-kal-es′, v.t. to show anew a state of glowing heat.—n. Recales′cence (phys.), a peculiar behaviour of iron when cooling from a white-heat. At 1000°, e.g., it glows more brilliantly for a short time. [L. re-, again, calescĕre, to grow hot.]

Recall, rē-kawl′, v.t. to call back: to command to return: to revoke: to call back to mind.—n. act of recalling or revoking: a signal to soldiers to return.—adj. Recall′able, capable of being recalled.—n. Recal′ment, revocation.

Recant, rē-kant′, v.t. to withdraw (a former declaration): to retract.—v.i. to revoke a former declaration: to unsay what has been said, esp. to declare one's renunciation of a religious belief which one formerly maintained.—ns. Rēcantā′tion, act of recanting: a declaration contradicting a former one; Rēcant′er.

Recapitulate, rē-ka-pit′ū-lāt, v.t. to go over again the chief points of anything.—n. Recapitūlā′tion, act of recapitulating: a summary of the main points of a preceding speech, treatise, &c.—adjs. Recapit′ūlātive; Recapit′ūlātory, repeating again: containing a recapitulation. [L. recapitulāre, -ātum—re-, again, capitulum—caput, head.]

Recaption, rē-kap′shun, n. reprisal: (law) taking back goods, wife, or children from one who has no right to detain them.

Recapture, rē-kap′tūr, v.t. to capture back or retake, esp. a prize from a captor.—n. act of retaking: a prize recaptured.—n. Recap′tor.

Recarburise, rē-kär′bū-rīz, v.t. to restore the carbon to metal from which it has been removed.—n. Recarbonisā′tion.

Recarnify, rē-kär′ni-fī, v.t. to convert again into flesh. [L. re-, again, carnify, to change into flesh.]

Recarry, rē-kar′i, v.t. to carry back or anew.—n. Recarr′iage.

Recast, rē-kast′, v.t. to cast or throw again: to cast or mould anew: to compute a second time.—n. a moulding or shaping anew, as of a book.

Recede, rē-sēd′, v.i. to go or fall back: to retreat: to bend or tend in a backward direction: to withdraw: to give up a claim.—v.t. to cede back, as to a former possessor.—adj. Reced′ing, sloping backward. [L. recedĕre, recessum—re-, back, cedĕre, to go.]

Receipt, rē-sēt′, n. act of receiving: place of receiving: power of holding: a written acknowledgment of anything received, a legal acknowledgment of money received in discharge of a debt or demand: that which is received: a recipe in cookery.—v.t. to give a receipt for: to sign: to discharge.—adj. Receipt′able, that may be receipted.—ns. Receipt′-book, a book containing receipts; Receipt′or, one who gives a receipt. [O. Fr. recete (Fr. recette)—L. recipere, receptum.]

Receive, rē-sēv′, v.t. to take what is offered: to accept: to embrace with the mind: to assent to: to allow: to give acceptance to: to give admittance to: to welcome or entertain: to hold or contain: (law) to take goods knowing them to be stolen: (B.) to bear with, to believe in.—v.i. to be a recipient: to hold a reception of visitors.—n. Receivabil′ity, Receiv′ableness, the quality of being receivable.—adj. Receiv′able, that may be received: a waiting payment, as bills receivable.—ns. Receiv′edness, the state or quality of being received or current; Receiv′er, one who receives: an officer who receives taxes: a person appointed by a court to hold and manage property which is under litigation, or receive the rents of land, &c.: one who receives stolen goods: (chem.) a vessel for receiving and holding the products of distillation, or for containing gases: the glass vessel of an air-pump in which the vacuum is formed: the receiving part of a telegraph, telephone, &c.; Receiv′er-gen′eral, an officer who receives the public revenue; Receiv′ership, the office of a receiver; Receiv′ing, the act of receiving; Receiv′ing-house, a depôt: a house where letters and parcels are left for transmission; Receiv′ing-in′strument, an appliance by which operators at two telegraph stations can communicate; Receiv′ing-off′ice, a branch post-office for receipt of letters, &c.; Receiv′ing-ship, a stationary ship for recruits for the navy. [O. Fr. recever (Fr. recevoir)—L. recipĕre, receptum—re-, back, capĕre, to take.]

Recelebrate, rē-sel′ē-brāt, v.t. to celebrate again.

Recency, rē′sen-si, n. newness. [Recent.]

Recension, rē-sen′shun, n. a critical revisal of a text: a text established by critical revision: a review.—n. Recen′sionist. [L. recensio—recensēre—re-, again, censēre, to value.]

Recent, rē′sent, adj. of late origin or occurrence: fresh: modern: (geol.) belonging to the present geological period.—adv. Rē′cently.—n. Rē′centness. [Fr.,—L. recens, recentis.]

Receptacle, rē-sep′ta-kl, n. that into which anything is received or in which it is contained: (bot.) the basis of a flower: (zool.) an organ that receives and holds a secretion.—n. Rē′cept, an idea taken into the mind from without.—adj. Receptac′ular (bot.), pertaining to or serving as a receptacle.—n. Receptibil′ity, receivability.—adj. Recept′ible, receivable.—ns. Recep′tion, the act of receiving: admission: state of being received: acceptance: a receiving officially: (Milt.) capacity for receiving: a receiving of guests for entertainment: welcome: treatment at first coming; Recep′tion-room.—adj. Recept′ive, having the quality of receiving or containing: (phil.) capable of receiving, or quick to receive, impressions.—ns. Recept′iveness; Receptiv′ity, quality of being receptive. [L. recipĕre, receptum, to receive.]

Recess, rē-ses′, n. a going back or withdrawing: retirement: seclusion: a period of remission of business: part of a room formed by a receding of the wall: a retired spot: a nook: a sinus or depressed par.—v.t. to make a recess in: to put into a recess.—adj. Recessed′, having a recess.—Recessed arch, one arch within another. [Recede.]

Recession, rē-sesh′un, n. act of receding: withdrawal: the state of being set back.—adjs. Reces′sional; Recess′ive.—adv. Recess′ively.—n. Recess′us, a recess.

Recession, rē-sesh′un, n. a ceding or giving back.

Rechabite, rek′a-bīt, n. one of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, who abstained from drinking wine, in obedience to the injunction of their ancestor (Jer. xxxv. 6): a total abstainer from intoxicating drinks: a member of the Rechabite order of total abstainers.—n. Rech′abitism.

Réchauffé, rā-shō-fā′, n. a warmed-up dish: a fresh concoction of old literary material. [Fr.]

Recheat, rē-chēt′, n. (Shak.) a recall on the horn when the hounds have lost the scent, or at the end of the chase. [O. Fr. recet.]

Recherché, rē-sher′shā, adj. extremely nice: peculiar and refined: rare. [Fr.]

Rechlesse, rek′les, adj. Same as Reckless.

Rechristen, rē-kris′n, v.t. to name again.

Recidivate, rē-sid′i-vāt, v.i. to fall again: to backslide.—ns. Recidivā′tion; Recid′ivist (Fr. law), a relapsed criminal.—adj. Recid′ivous, liable to backslide. [Fr.,—L. recidīvus, falling back.]

Recipe, res′i-pē, n. a medical prescription: any formula for the preparation of a compound: a receipt:—pl. Recipes (res′i-pēz). [L., lit. 'take,' the first word of a medical prescription, imper. of recipĕre.]

Recipient, rē-sip′i-ent, adj. receiving.—n. one who receives, that which receives.—ns. Recip′ience, Recip′iency, a receiving: receptiveness. [L. recipiens, -entis, pr.p. of recipĕre, to receive.]

Reciprocal, rē-sip′rō-kal, adj. acting in return: mutual: alternating: interchangeable: giving and receiving.—n. that which is reciprocal: (math.) the quotient resulting from the division of unity by any given quantity.—n. Reciprocal′ity, the state or quality of being reciprocal: mutual return.—adv. Recip′rocally, mutually: interchangeably: inversely.—ns. Recip′rocalness; Recip′rocant (math.), a contravariant expressing a certain condition of tangency: a differential invariant.—adj. Recip′rocantive, relating to a reciprocant.—v.t. Recip′rocāte, to give and receive mutually: to requite: to interchange: to alternate.—v.i. to move backward and forward: (coll.) to make a return or response.—ns. Recip′rocating-en′gine, an engine in which the piston moves forward and backward in a straight line; Reciprocā′tion, interchange of acts: alternation.—adj. Recip′rocātive, acting reciprocally.—n. Reciproc′ity, mutual obligations: action and reaction: equality of commercial privileges.—adjs. Rec′iprock, Rec′iproque (Bacon), reciprocal; Recip′rocous (rare), turning back: reciprocal.—Reciprocal proportion is when, of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the third; Reciprocal ratio, the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities; Reciprocal terms, those that have the same signification and consequently are convertible; Reciprocating motion, by this the power is transmitted from one part of a machine to another. [L. reciprocus.]

Reciprocornous, rē-sip′rō-kor-nus, adj. having horns like a ram.

Recision, rē-sizh′un, n. the act of cutting off. [Fr.,—L.,—recidĕre, recisum, to cut off.]

Recite, rē-sīt′, v.t. to read aloud from paper, or repeat from memory: to narrate: to give the particulars of.—v.i. to rehearse in public.—ns. Recī′tal, act of reciting: rehearsal: that which is recited: a narration: a vocal or instrumental performance, as a piano recital: (law) that part of a deed which recites the circumstances; Recitation (res-i-tā′shun), act of reciting: a public reading: rehearsal; Recitā′tionist, a public reciter; Recitative (-tēv′), (mus.) a style of song resembling declamation, a kind of union of song and speech.—adj. in the style of recitative.—adv. Recitative′ly, in the manner of recitative.—ns. Recitati′vo (mus.), recitative; Recit′er; Recit′ing-note, a note in chanting on which several syllables are sung. [Fr. réciter—L. recitāre—L. re-, again, citāre, -ātum, to call.]

Reck, rek, v.t. to care for: to regard.—v.i. (usually with not, and fol. by of) care: heed.—adj. Reck′less, careless: heedless of consequences: rash.—adv. Reck′lessly.—ns. Reck′lessness; Reck′ling, a reckless person: the weakest in a litter: a helpless babe.—adj. stunted.—It recks (Milt.), it concerns. [A.S. récan, from a root seen in Old High Ger. ruoh, care, Ger. ruchlos, regardless.]

Reckon, rek′n, v.t. to count: to place in the number or rank of: to esteem: to think, believe.—v.i. to calculate: to charge to account: to make up accounts: to settle accounts (fol. by with): to count or rely (with on or upon): to have an impression: to think: to suppose.—ns. Reck′oner; Reck′oning, an account of time: settlement of accounts, &c.: charges for entertainment: standing as to rank: (naut.) a calculation of the ship's position: (B.) estimation: value.—Reckon for, to be answerable for; Reckon on, or upon, to count or depend upon; Reckon without his host (see Host).—Day of reckoning, the day when an account must be given and a settlement made: the judgment-day. [A.S. ge-recenian, to explain; Ger. rechnen.]

Reclaim, rē-klām′, v.t. to demand the return of: to regain: to bring back from a wild or barbarous state, or from error or vice: to bring into a state of cultivation: to bring into the desired condition: to make tame or gentle: to reform.—v.i. to cry out or exclaim: (Scots law) to appeal from the Lord Ordinary to the inner house of the Court of Session.—adj. Reclaim′able, that may be reclaimed or reformed.—adv. Reclaim′ably.—ns. Reclaim′ant, one who reclaims; Reclamā′tion, act of reclaiming: state of being reclaimed, as of waste land: demand: recovery. [Fr.,—L. re-, again, clamāre, to cry out.]

Reclasp, rē-klasp′, v.t. to clasp again.

Reclinate, rek′li-nāt, adj. reclined: (bot.) bent downward, so as to have the point lower than the base, as a leaf.—n. Reclinā′tion, the act of reclining or leaning: the angle which the plane of a dial makes with a vertical plane, the intersection being a horizontal line: an operation in surgery for the cure of cataract. [L. reclināre, -ātum, to recline.]

Recline, rē-klīn′, v.t. to lean or bend backwards: to lean to or on one side.—v.i. to lean: to rest or repose.—adjs. Recline′ (Milt.), leaning; Reclined′ (bot.), same as Reclinate.—n. Reclī′ner.—adj. Reclī′ning (bot.), bending away from the perpendicular: recumbent.—ns. Reclī′ning-board, a board on which persons recline to gain erectness to the figure; Reclī′ning-chair, an invalid's chair. [Fr.,—L. reclināre—re-, back, clināre, to bend.]

Reclose, rē-klōz′, v.t. to close again.

Reclothe, rē-klōth, v.t. to clothe again.

Recluse, rē-klōōs′, adj. secluded: retired: solitary.—n. one shut up or secluded: one who lives retired from the world: a religious devotee living in a single cell, generally attached to a monastery.—adv. Recluse′ly, in retirement or seclusion from society.—ns. Recluse′ness, seclusion from society: retirement; Reclu′sion, religious retirement or seclusion: the life of a recluse.—adj. Reclu′sive (Shak.), affording retirement or seclusion.—n. Reclu′sory, a recluse's cell. [Fr.,—L. reclusus, pa.p. of recludĕre, to open, shut away—re-, away, claudĕre, to shut.]

Recoct, rē-kokt′, v.t. to cook anew, to vamp up.—n. Recoc′tion.

Recognise, rek′og-nīz, v.t. to know again: to recollect: to acknowledge: to see the truth of.—adj. Rec′ognisable, that may be recognised or acknowledged.—adv. Rec′ognisably, in a recognisable manner.—ns. Recog′nisance, a recognition: an avowal: a profession: a legal obligation entered into before a magistrate to do, or not do, some particular act: to enter into recognisances; Rec′ogniser, one who recognises; Recogni′tion, act of recognising: state of being recognised: recollection: avowal: (Scots law) a return of the feu to the superior.—adjs. Recog′nitive, Recog′nitory. [L. recognoscĕre—re-, again, cognoscĕre, to know.]

Recoil, rē-koil′, v.t. to start back: to rebound: to return: to shrink from.—n. a starting or springing back: rebound: an escapement in which after each beat the escape-wheel recoils slightly.—n. Recoil′er, one who recoils.—adj. Recoil′ing.—adv. Recoil′ingly.—n. Recoil′ment. [Fr. reculer—L. re-, back, Fr. cul, the hinder part—L. culus.]

Recoin, rē-koin′, v.t. to coin over again.—ns. Recoin′age; Recoin′er.

Recollect, rē-kol-ekt′, v.t. to collect again.

Recollect, rek-ol-ekt′, v.t. to remember: to recover composure or resolution (with reflex. pron.).—n. Recollec′tion, act of recollecting or remembering: the power of recollecting: memory: that which is recollected: reminiscence.—adj. Recollec′tive, having the power of recollecting.

Recollect, rek′ol-ekt, n. a member of a congregation of a monastic order following a very strict rule—mostly of the Franciscan order forming a branch of the Observantines.—Also Rec′ollet.

Recombine, rē-kom-bīn′, v.t. to combine again.—n. Recombinā′tion.

Recomfort, rē-kum′furt, v.t. to comfort or console again: (Bacon) to give new strength.—adj. Recom′fortless (Spens.), comfortless.—n. Recom′forture (Shak.), restoration of comfort.

Recommence, rē-kom-ens′, v.t. to commence again.—n. Recommence′ment.

Recommend, rek-o-mend′, v.t. to commend to another: to bestow praise on: to introduce favourably: to give in charge: to commit, as in prayer: to advise.—adj. Recommend′able, that may be recommended: worthy of praise.—n. Recommend′ableness, the quality of being recommendable.—adv. Recommend′ably, so as to deserve recommendation.—n. Recommendā′tion, act of recommending: act of introducing with commendation: repute: letter of recommendation.—adj. Recommend′ātory, that recommends: commendatory.—n. Recommend′er, one who, or that which, recommends.

Recommit, rē-kom-it′, v.t. to commit again: particularly, to send back to a committee.—ns. Recommit′ment, Recommit′tal.

Recommunicate, rē-kom-ūn′i-kāt, v.t. and v.i. to communicate again.

Recompact, rē-kom-pakt′, v.t. to join anew.

Recompense, rek′om-pens, v.t. to return an equivalent for anything: to repay or requite: to reward: to compensate: to remunerate.—n. that which is returned as an equivalent: repayment: reward: compensation: remuneration.—n. Rec′ompenser. [Fr. récompenser—L. re-, again, compensāre, to compensate.]

Recompile, rē-kom-pīl′, v.t. to compile anew.—ns. Recompilā′tion, Recompile′ment, a new compilation.

Recomplete, rē-kom-plēt′, v.t. to complete anew.—n. Recomplē′tion.

Recompose, rē-kom-pōz′, v.t. to compose again or anew: to form anew: to soothe or quiet.—ns. Recompos′er; Recomposi′tion.

Reconcile, rek′on-sīl, v.t. to restore to friendship or union: to bring to agreement: to bring to contentment: to pacify: to make consistent: to adjust or compose.—adj. Rec′oncilable, that may be reconciled: that may be made to agree: consistent.—n. Rec′oncilableness, possibility of being reconciled: consistency: harmony.—adv. Rec′oncilably, in a reconcilable manner.—ns. Rec′onciler; Reconciliā′tion, Rec′oncilement, act of reconciling: state of being reconciled: renewal of friendship: propitiation: atonement: the bringing to agreement things at variance.—adj. Reconcil′iatory, serving or tending to reconcile. [Fr. réconcilier—L. re-, again, conciliāre, -ātum, to call together.]

Recondense, rē-kon-dens′, v.t. to condense again.—n. Recondensā′tion.

Recondite, rē-kon′dit, or rek′on-dīt, adj. secret: abstruse: profound.—ns. Recondite′ness; Recon′ditory, a storehouse. [L. recondĕre, -itum, to put away—re-, again, condĕre, to put together.]

Reconduct, rē-kon-dukt′, v.t. to conduct back or anew.

Reconfirm, rē-kon-fėrm′, v.t. to confirm again.

Reconjoin, rē-kon-join′, v.t. to join anew.

Reconnaissance, re-kon′i-sans, n. the act of reconnoitring: a survey or examination: the examination of a tract of country with a view to military or engineering operations.—Reconnaissance in force, an attack by a body of troops to discover the strength of the enemy. [Fr.]

Reconnoitre, rek-o-noi′tėr, v.t. to survey or examine: to survey with a view to military operations.—v.i. to make preliminary examination:—pa.t. and pa.p. reconnoi′tred.—n. a preliminary survey. [O. Fr. reconoistre (Fr. reconnaître)—L. recognoscĕre, to recognise.]

Reconquer, rē-kong′kėr, v.t. to conquer again: to recover: to regain.—n. Recon′quest.

Reconsecrate, rē-kon′sē-krāt, v.t. to consecrate anew.—n. Reconsecrā′tion.

Reconsider, rē-kon-sid′ėr, v.t. to consider again, as to reconsider a motion or vote: to review.—n. Reconsiderā′tion.

Reconsolate, rē-kon′sō-lāt, v.t. (obs.) to comfort again.

Reconsolidate, rē-kon-sol′i-dāt, v.t. to consolidate anew.—n. Reconsolidā′tion.

Reconstitute, rē-kon′sti-tūt, v.t. to construct anew.—adj. Reconstit′ūent.—n. Reconstitū′tion.

Reconstruct, rē-kon-strukt′, v.t. to construct again: to rebuild.—n. Reconstruc′tion.—adj. Reconstruc′tionary.—n. Reconstruc′tionist.—adj. Reconstruc′tive, able or tending to reconstruct.

Recontinue, rē-kon-tin′ū, v.t. and v.i. to continue anew.—n. Recontin′ūance.

Reconvalescence, rē-kon-val-es′ens, n. restoration to health.

Reconvene, rē-kon-vēn′, v.t. to convene or call together again.—v.i. to come together again.

Reconvent, rē-kon-vent′, v.t. to assemble together again.—n. Reconven′tion, a counter-action by a defendant against a plaintiff.

Reconvert, rē-kon-vėrt′, v.t. to convert again.—n. Reconver′sion.

Reconvey, rē-kon-vā′, v.t. to transfer back to a former owner, as an estate.—n. Reconvey′ance.

Record, rē-kord′, v.t. to write anything formally, to preserve evidence of it: to bear witness to: to register or enrol: to celebrate.—adj. Record′able, able to be recorded, worthy of record.—ns. Recordā′tion (Shak.), remembrance; Record′er, one who records or registers, esp. the rolls, &c., of a city: a judge of a city or borough court of quarter-sessions: an old musical instrument somewhat like a flageolet, but with the lower part wider than the upper, and a mouthpiece resembling the beak of a bird: a registering apparatus in telegraphy; Record′ership, the office of recorder, or the time of holding it. [O. Fr. recorder—L. recordāre, to call to mind—re-, again, cor, cordis, the heart.]

Record, rek′ord, n. a register: a formal writing of any fact or proceeding: a book of such writings: a witness, a memorial: memory, remembrance: anything entered in the rolls of a court, esp. the formal statements or pleadings of parties in a litigation.—n. Rec′ord-off′ice, a place where public records are kept.—Beat, or Break, the record, to outdo the highest achievement yet done; Close the record, an act of a Scottish judge after each party has said all he wishes to say by way of statement and answer; Public records, contemporary authenticated statements of the proceedings of the legislature, and the judgments of those higher courts of law known as Courts of Record; Trial by record, a common law mode of trial when a disputed former decision of the court is settled by producing the record.

Recount, rē-kownt′, v.t. to count again: to tell over again: to narrate the particulars of: to detail.—n. a second or repeated count.—ns. Recount′al, Recount′ment, relation in detail, recital. [O. Fr. reconter—re-, again, conter, to tell.]

Recoup, rē-kōōp′, v.t. to make good: to indemnify.—adj. Recoupé (her.), divided a second time.—n. Recoup′ment, reimbursement: (law) reduction of the plaintiff's damages by keeping out a part. [Fr. recouper, to cut again—re-, again, couper, to cut, coup, a stroke—Low L. colpus—L. colaphus.]

Recoure, rē-kōōr′, v.t. (Spens.) to recover.

Recourse, rē-kōrs′, n. a going to for aid or protection: access.—v.i. to return.—adj. Recourse′ful, returning. [Fr. recours—L. recursus—re-, back, currĕre, cursum, to run.]

Recover, rē-kuv′ėr, v.t. to cover again.

Recover, rē-kuv′ėr, v.t. to get possession of again: to make up for: to retrieve: to cure: to revive: to bring back to any former state: to rescue: to obtain as compensation: to obtain for injury or debt: to reconcile.—v.i. to regain health: to regain any former state: (law) to obtain a judgment.—n. recovery: the forward movement in rowing, after one stroke to take another.—n. Recoverabil′ity, the state of being recoverable.—adj. Recov′erable, that may be recovered or regained: capable of being brought to a former condition.—ns. Recov′erableness, the state of being recoverable: capability of being recovered; Recoveree′, one against whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery; Recov′erer, one who recovers; Recov′eror, one who recovers a judgment in common recovery; Recov′ery, the act of recovering: the act of regaining anything lost: restoration to health or to any former state: the power of recovering anything: (law) a verdict giving right to the recovery of debts or costs. [O. Fr. recovrer—L. recuperāre—re-, again, and Sabine cuprus, good; some suggest cupĕre, to desire.]

Recreant, rek′rē-ant, adj. cowardly: false: apostate: renegade.—n. a mean-spirited wretch: an apostate: a renegade.—n. Rec′rēancy, the quality of a recreant: a yielding, mean, cowardly spirit.—adv. Rec′rēantly. [O. Fr., pr.p. of recroire, to change belief—Low L. (se) re-credĕre, to own one's self beaten—L. re-, again, credĕre, to believe.]

Recreate, rek′rē-āt, v.t. to revive: to reanimate: to cheer or amuse: to refresh: to delight.—v.i. to take recreation.—n. Recreā′tion, the act of recreating or state of being recreated: refreshment after toil, sorrow, &c.: diversion: amusement: sport.—adjs. Recreā′tional, Rec′reātive, serving to recreate or refresh: giving relief in weariness, &c.: amusing.—adv. Rec′reātively, so as to afford recreation or diversion.—n. Rec′reātiveness, the quality of being refreshing or amusing.

Recrement, rek′rē-ment, n. superfluous matter: dross.—adjs. Recrement′al, Recrementi′tial, Recrementi′tious. [L. recrementum, dross.]

Recriminate, rē-krim′in-āt, v.t. to criminate or accuse in return.—v.i. to charge an accuser with a similar crime.—n. Recriminā′tion, the act of recriminating or returning one accusation by another: a countercharge or accusation.—adjs. Recrim′inātive, Recrim′inātory, recriminating or retorting accusations or charges.—n. Recrim′inātor, one who recriminates.

Recross, rē-kros′, v.t. to cross again.—adj. Recrossed′ (her.), having the ends crossed.

Recrucify, rē-krōōs′i-fī, v.t. to crucify anew.

Recrudescent, rē-krōō-des′ent, adj. growing sore or painful again.—v.i. Recrudesce′, to become raw again: to be renewed.—ns. Recrudes′cence, Recru′dency, Recrudes′cency, the state of becoming sore again: a state of relapse: (med.) increased activity after recovery: (bot.) the production of a fresh shoot from a ripened spike. [L. recrudescens, -entis, pr.p. of recrudescĕre, to become raw again—re-, again, crudescĕre, to become raw—crudis, crude.]

Recruit, rē-krōōt′, v.i. to obtain fresh supplies: to recover in health, &c.: to enlist new soldiers.—v.t. to repair: to supply: to supply with recruits.—n. the supply of any want: a substitute for something wanting: a newly enlisted soldier.—ns. Recruit′al, renewed supply; Recruit′er.—adj. Recruit′ing, obtaining new supplies: enlisting recruits.—n. the business of obtaining new supplies or enlisting new soldiers.—ns. Recruit′ing-ground, a place where recruits may be obtained; Recruit′ing-par′ty, a party of soldiers engaged in enlisting recruits; Recruit′ing-ser′geant, a sergeant who enlists recruits; Recruit′ment, the act, business, or employment of raising new supplies of men for an army. [O. Fr. recruter—re-, croître—L. recrescĕre—re-, again, crescĕre, to grow.]

Recrystallisation, rē-kris-tal-īz-ā′shun, n. the process of crystallising again.—v.t. and v.i. Rēcrys′tallise.

Recta, rek′ta, n.pl.—adj. Rec′tal. See Rectum.

Rectangle, rek′tang-gl, n. a four-sided figure with all its angles right angles and its opposite sides equal.—adjs. Rec′tangled, having right angles; Rectang′ūlar, right-angled.—n. Rectangūlar′ity, the state or quality of being right-angled.—adv. Rectang′ūlarly, with, or at, right angles.—n. Rectang′ūlarness.—Rectangular hyperbola, a hyperbola whose asymptotes are at right angles to one another; Rectangular solid, a solid whose axis is perpendicular to its base. [Fr.,—L. rectus, right, angulus, an angle.]

Rectify, rek′ti-fī, v.t. to make straight or right: to adjust: to correct or redress: to purify by repeated crystallisation or sublimation, or by distillations: (math.) to determine the length of a curve included between two limits: to prepare a sun-dial for an observation:—pa.t. and pa.p. rec′tified.—adj. Rectifī′able, that may be rectified or set right.—ns. Rectificā′tion, the act of rectifying or setting right: the process of refining any substance by repeated distillation: rectification of a globe, its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed problem; Rec′tifier, one who corrects: one who refines a substance by repeated distillation.—Rectify the course of a vessel, to determine its true course from indications of the ship's compass, and allowing for magnetic variations, &c.; Rectify the globe, to bring the sun's place in the ecliptic on a globe to the brass meridian. [Fr.,—L. rectus, straight, facĕre, to make.]

Rectigrade, rek′ti-grād, adj. walking straight forward. [L. rectus, straight, gradi, to step.]

Rectilineal, rek-ti-lin′ē-al, adj. bounded by straight lines: straight—also Rectilin′ear.—adv. Rectilin′eally.—n. Rectilinear′ity, the state or quality of being right-lined.—adv. Rectilin′early, in a right line.—n. Rectilin′earness. [L. rectus, straight, linea, a line.]

Rectinerved, rek′ti-nervd, adj. (bot.) straight or parallel nerved.

Rection, rek′shun, n. (gram.) the influence of a word in regard to the number, case, &c. of another word in a sentence.

Rectipetality, rek-ti-pe-tal′i-ti, n. (bot.) the natural tendency of stems to grow in a straight line.

Rectirostral, rek′ti-ros′tral, adj. having a straight bill. [L. rectus, straight, rostrum, a beak.]

Rectiserial, rek-ti-sē′ri-al, adj. placed in a straight line: (bot.) arranged in one or more straight ranks.

Rectitis, rek′tī-tis, n. inflammation of the rectum.—adj. Rectit′ic.

Rectitude, rek′ti-tūd, n. uprightness: correctness of principle or practice: integrity: correctness. [Fr.,—L. rectitudo—rectus, straight.]

Recto, rek′tō, n. (print.) the right-hand page—opp. to Reverso or Verso: (law) a writ of right.

Rector, rek′tor, n. a ruler: in the Church of England, a clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate, and who accordingly has the whole right to the ecclesiastical dues therein: a common name for all incumbents in the Episcopal churches of the United States and (since 1890) Scotland: the head-master of a superior public school in Scotland, Germany, &c.: the chief elective officer of certain Scotch and French universities: the head of Lincoln and of Exeter Colleges, Oxford, &c.: (R.C.) an ecclesiastic in charge of a congregation, a college, or religious house, esp. the head of a Jesuit seminary.—adjs. Rec′toral, Rectō′rial, pertaining to a rector or to a rectory—ns. Rec′torate, Rec′torship; Rec′toress, a female rector: a governess; Rec′tory, the province or mansion of a rector.—Rector magnificus, the head of a German university.—Lay rector, a layman who enjoys the great tithes of a parish; Missionary rector (R.C.), a priest appointed to the charge of some important mission in England. [L.,—regĕre, rectum, to rule.]

Rectrix, rek′triks, n. one of the long tail-feathers of a bird, so called because used in steering the bird in its flight:—pl. Rectrices (rek′tri-sēz).

Rectum, rek′tum, n. the lowest part of the large intestine:—pl. Rec′ta.—adj. Rec′tal.—ns. Rec′toscope, a speculum for rectal examination; Rectot′omy, the operation for dividing a rectal stricture.—adjs. Rec′to-urē′thral, pertaining to the rectum and to the urethra; Rec′to-ū′terine, to the rectum and the uterus; Rec′to-vag′inal, to the rectum and the vagina; Rec′to-ves′ical, to the rectum and the bladder. [L. rectus, straight.]

Rectus, rek′tus, n. a muscle so called from the straightness of its course:—pl. Rec′ti.

Recubant, rek′ū-bant, adj. reclining, recumbent—n. Recubā′tion. [L. recubāre, -ātum, to lie back.]

Recuil, Recule, rē-kūl′ (Spens.). Same as Recoil.

Recultivate, rē-kul′ti-vāt, v.t. to cultivate again.—n. Recultivā′tion.

Recumbent, rē-kum′bent, adj. lying back: reclining: idle.—ns. Recum′bence, Recum′bency.—adv. Recum′bently. [L. recumbĕre—re-, back, cubāre, to lie down.]

Recuperative, rē-kū′pėr-a-tiv, adj. tending to recovery—also Recū′peratory.—adj. Rēcū′perable, recoverable.—v.t. Recū′perāte, to recover, to regain strength.—ns. Recuperā′tion, recovery, as of something lost; Recū′perātor, one who, or that which, recuperates. [L. recuperativus—recuperāre, to recover.]

Recur, rē-kur′, v.i. to return, resort: to happen at a stated interval:—pr.p. recur′ring; pa.t. and pa.p. recurred′.—ns. Recur′rence, Recur′rency, return.—adj. Recur′rent, returning at intervals: (anat.) running back in the opposite to a former direction: (entom.) turned back toward the base.—adv. Recur′rently.—Recurring decimal, a decimal in which after a certain point the digits are continually repeated—repeating, if but one recurring figure; circulating, if more than one. [Fr.,—L. recurrĕre—re-, back, currĕre, to run.]

Recure, rē-kūr′, v.t. to cure again: to recover—also n.—adjs. Recure′ful; Recure′less, incurable.

Recursant, rē-kur′sant, adj. (her.) turned backwards, of an animal with its back toward the spectator. [L. re-, back, cursans, -antis, pr.p. of cursāre, to run.]

Recurve, rē-kurv′, v.t. to curve or bend back—also Recur′vate.—ns. Recurvā′tion, Recur′vity, Recur′vature, the act of recurving: the state of being recurved: a bending backwards.—adjs. Recurved′; Recurviros′tral, having a recurved bill; Rēcur′vous, bent backward.

Recusant, rek′ū-zant, or rē-kū′zant, adj. obstinate in refusal, esp. to comply with the Anglican ritual.—n. a nonconformist: one who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the sovereign in religious matters.—ns. Rec′ūsance, Rec′ūsancy, state of being a recusant: nonconformity, or its tenets; Recusā′tion.—adj. Recū′sative. [Fr.,—L. recusans, pr.p. of recusāre—re-, against, causa, a cause.]

Recuse, rē-kūz′, v.t. (law) to reject.—adj. Recū′sative.

Recussion, rē-kush′un, n. the act of beating or striking back. [L. recutĕre, recussum, to beat back—re-, back, quatĕre, to shake.]

Red, red, adj. (comp. Red′der; superl. Red′dest) of a colour like blood: ultra-radical, revolutionary.—n. one of the primary colours, of several shades, as scarlet, pink, carmine, vermilion, &c.: a red cent, the smallest coin of the United States.—adjs. Red′-backed, having a red back; Red′-beaked, -billed, having a red beak or bill; Red′-bell′ied, having the under parts red.—n. Red′-bell′y, the United States slider, a terrapin: the Welsh torgoch, a char.—adj. Red′-belt′ed, having a red band or bands.—n. Red′-bird, the common European bullfinch: the United States grosbeak, also the tanager.—adj. Red′-blood′ed, having reddish blood.—ns. Red′-book, a book containing the names of all persons in the service of the state: the peerage; Red′breast, a favourite song-bird, so called from the red colour of its breast, the robin; Red′-bud, the Judas-tree of America; Red′-cabb′age, a variety of cabbage, with purplish heads, used for pickling; Red′-cap, a species of goldfinch, having a conical crest of red feathers on the top of the head: a ghost with long teeth who haunts some Scotch castles; Red′-cent, a copper cent; Red′-chalk, -clay (see Reddle); Red′-coat, a British soldier, so called from his red coat; Red′-cock (slang), an incendiary fire; Red′-cor′al, the most important kind of coral in commerce, found off the coasts of Algiers and Tunis and the Italian islands.—adj. Red′-corpus′cled, having red blood-discs.—n. Red′-Crag, a division of the Pliocene.—adjs. Red′-crest′ed, having a red crest; Red′-cross, wearing or distinguished by a cross of a red colour.—n. the badge and flag adopted by every society, of whatever nation, formed for the aid of the sick and wounded in time of war, recognised by the military authorities of its own nation, and enjoying certain privileges and immunities under the Convention of Geneva (1864).—n. Red′-deer, a species of deer which is reddish-brown in summer: the common stag.—v.t. Red′den, to make red.—v.i. to grow red: to blush.—adj. Red′dish, somewhat red: moderately red.—ns. Red′dishness; Red′-dog, the lowest grade of flour in high milling; Red′-drum, the southern red-fish, or red-bass, of the southern Atlantic coast of the United States; Red′-earth, the reddish loam frequently found in regions composed of limestones; Red′-eye, or Rudd, a fresh-water fish of the same genus as the roach, chub, and minnow.—adjs. Red′-faced (Shak.), having a red face; Red′-fig′ured, relating to an ancient Greek ceramic ware, in which a black glaze was painted over the surface so as to leave the design in the red of the body.—n. Red′-gum, strophulus, a skin disease usually occurring in infants about the time of teething, and consisting of minute red pimples with occasional red patches.—adjs. Red′-haired, Red′-head′ed, having red hair.—n. Red′-hand, a bloody hand: (her.) a sinister hand, erect, open, and 'couped,' the distinguishing badge of baronets.—adj. Red′-hand′ed, in the very act, as if with bloody hands.—n. Red′-head, a person with red hair: the pochard, a red-headed duck.—adj. Red′-hot, heated to redness.—ns. Red′-lac, the Japan wax-tree; Red′-latt′ice (Shak.), an alehouse window, then usually painted red; Red′-lead, a preparation of lead of a fine red colour, used in painting, &c.—adj. Red′-legged, having red legs or feet, as a bird.—n. Red′-legs, the European red-legged partridge: the turnstone: the red-shank: (bot.) the bistort.—adj. Red′-lett′er, having red letters: auspicious or fortunate, as a day, the holidays or saints' days being indicated by red letters in the old calendars.—n. Red′-liq′uor, a crude aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in calico-printing.—adjs. Red′-litt′en, showing a red light; Red′-looked (Shak.), having a red look.—adv. Red′ly.—adj. Red′-mad (prov.), quite mad.—n. Red′-met′al, one of several alloys of copper used in silver-ware: a Japanese alloy used in decorative metal-work.—adj. Red′-necked, having a red neck.—n. Red′ness.—adjs. Red′-nose, -nosed, having a red nose, like a habitual drunkard.—ns. Red′-oak, an oak with heavy and durable reddish wood, rising to ninety feet high in eastern North America; Red′-plague, a form of the plague marked by a red spot or bubo; Red′-poll, a small northern finch: the common European linnet: the North American palm-warbler.—adjs. Red′-polled; Red′-ribbed (Tenn.), having red ribs.—ns. Red′-root, a genus of plants of the natural order Rhamnaceæ—New Jersey Tea; Reds, or Red Republicans (see Republic); Red′-saun′ders, the sliced or rasped heart-wood of Pterocarpus santalinus, used for giving colour to alcoholic liquors &c.—v.i. Red′sear, to break when too hot.—ns. Red′seed, small crustaceans which float on the sea; Red′-shank, an aquatic bird of the snipe family, with legs of a bright-red colour: a name given in ridicule to the Scottish Highlanders, and to the Irish.—adj. Red′-short, noting iron that is brittle at red-heat.—ns. Red′-short′ness; Red′skin, a Red Indian; Red′-staff, a miller's straight-edge, used in dressing millstones; Red′start, a bird belonging to the family of the warblers, appearing in Britain as a summer bird of passage; Red′streak, an apple, so called from the colour of its skin; Red′-tail, the red-tailed buzzard, one of the commonest hawks of North America.—adj. Red′-tailed (Shak.), having a red tail.—ns. Red′-thrush, the red-wing; Red′-top, a kind of bent grass; Red′-wa′ter, a disease of cattle, named from the urine being reddened with the red globules of the blood.—adj. Red′-wat′-shod (Scot.), walking in blood over the shoes.—ns. Red′-weed, the common poppy; Red′-wing, a species of thrush well known in Britain as a winter bird of passage, having an exquisite, clear, flute-like song; Red′wood, a Californian timber-tree, growing to nearly three hundred feet high.—adj. Red′-wud (Scot.), stark mad.—Red-cross knight, a knight having on his shield a red cross; Red ensign, the British flag for all vessels not belonging to the navy, consisting of a plain red flag, having the canton filled by the Union-jack (before 1864 also the special flag of the Red Squadron); Red-gum tree, a species of Eucalyptus attaining the height of 200 feet; Red pheasant, a tragopan; Red snow, snow coloured by the minute alga Protococcus nivalis, found in large patches in arctic and alpine regions.—Indian red, a permanent red pigment, orig. a natural earth rich in oxide of iron, now prepared artificially.—Royal Red Cross, a decoration for nurses, instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. [A.S. reád; Ger. roth, L. ruber, Gr. e-rythros, Gael. ruath.]

Red, red, v.t. to put in order, make tidy: to disentangle: (coll.) to separate two men in fighting.—ns. Red′der (Scot.), one who endeavours to settle a quarrel; Red′ding, the process of putting in order; Red′ding-comb, a large-toothed comb for dressing the hair; Red′ding-straik (Scot.), a stroke received in trying to separate fighters.

Red, Redd, red (Spens.), pa.t. of read, declared.

Redaction, rē-dak′shun, n. the act of arranging in systematic order, esp. literary materials: the digest so made: an editorial staff.—v.t. Redact′, to edit, work up into literary form.—n. Redact′or, an editor.—adj. Redactō′rial. [Fr.,—L. redactus, pa.p. of redigĕre, to bring back.]

Redan, rē-dan′, n. (fort.) the simplest form of fieldwork, consisting of two faces which form a salient angle towards the enemy, serving to cover a bridge or causeway—quite open at the gorge. [O. Fr. redan, redent—L. re-, back, dens, a tooth.]

Redargue, rē-där′gū, v.t. to disprove.—n. Redargū′tion. [O. Fr. redarguer—L. redarguĕre—re-, back, arguĕre, to argue.]

Reddendum, re-den′dum, n. (law) the clause by which the rent is reserved in a lease:—pl. Redden′da.—n. Redden′do (Scots law), a clause in a charter specifying the services to be rendered by a vassal to his superior. [L., fut. part. pass. of reddĕre.]

Redding. See Red (2).

Reddition, re-dish′un, n. a giving back of anything: surrender: a rendering of the sense: explanation.—adj. Redd′itive, returning an answer. [Fr.,—L. reddition-em—reddĕre, redditum, to restore.]

Reddle, red′l, n. an impure peroxide of iron (ferric oxide) associated with very variable proportions of clay or chalk—also Red′-clay, Radd′le, Red′-chalk.—n. Redd′leman, a dealer in red clay.

Rede, rēd, v.t. to counsel or advise.—n. advice: a phrase: a motto.—n. Rede′craft, logic.—adj. Rede′less, without counsel or wisdom. [Read.]

Redecorate, rē-dek′o-rāt, v.t. to decorate again.

Rededication, rē-ded-i-kā′shun, n. a second or renewed dedication.

Redeem, rē-dēm′, v.t. to ransom: to relieve from captivity by a price: to rescue, deliver: to pay the penalty of: to atone for: to perform, as a promise: to improve, put to the best advantage: to recover, as a pledge.—adj. Redeem′able, that may be redeemed.—ns. Redeem′ableness; Redeem′er, one who redeems or ransoms, esp. Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the world.—adjs. Redeem′ing, saving: good, as exceptional to what is bad; Redeem′less, incurable; Redemp′tive, pertaining to redemption: serving or tending to redeem; Redemp′tory, serving to redeem: paid for ransom. [O. Fr. redimer—L. redimĕre—red-, back, emĕre, to buy.]

Redeliberate, rē-de-lib′ėr-āt, v.i. to deliberate again.

Redeliver, rē-de-liv′ėr, v.t. to deliver back or again: to liberate a second time.—ns. Redeliv′erance; Redeliv′ery, the act of delivering back: a second delivery or liberation.

Redemand, rē-dē-mand′, v.t. to demand back or again.—n. the repetition of a demand: a demand for the return of a thing.

Redemise, rē-dē-mīz′, v.t. to convey back, as an estate.—n. such a transfer.

Redemption, rē-demp′shun, n. act of redeeming or buying back: ransom: release: the deliverance of mankind from sin and misery by Christ.—ns. Redemp′tionary, one who is set at liberty, or released from a bond, by paying a compensation or fulfilling some stipulated conditions; Redemp′tioner, one who redeemed himself from debt, or the like, by service; Redemp′tionist, one of an order of monks devoted to the redemption of Christian captives from slavery; Redemp′torist, one of a congregation of R.C. missionary priests, founded by Alfonso Liguori in 1732, whose object is the religious instruction of the people and the reform of public morality, by periodically visiting, preaching, and hearing confessions. [Fr.,—L.,—redemptus, pa.p. of redimĕre, to redeem.]

Redented, rē-den′ted, adj. formed like the teeth of a saw. [O. Fr. redent, a double notching—L. re-, again, dens, dentis, a tooth.]

Redescend, rē-dē-send′, v.i. to descend again.—n. Redescent′, a descending again.

Redescribe, rē-dē-skrīb′, v.t. to describe again.

Redetermine, rē-dē-tėr′min, v.t. to determine again.

Redevelop, rē-dē-vel′op, v.t. to intensify in photography by a second process.—n. Redevel′opment.

Redhibition, red-hi-bish′un, n. (law) an action to oblige the seller to annul the sale because of a defect—also Rehibi′tion.—adjs. Redhib′itory, Rehib′itory.

Redia, rē′di-a, n. a stage in some trematode worms immediately before cercaria:—pl. Rē′diæ. [From Redi, an Italian naturalist.]

Redifferentiate, rē-dif-e-ren′shi-āt, v.i. to differentiate a differential coefficient.—n. Redifferentiā′tion.

Redigest, rē-di-jest′, v.t. to reduce to form again.

Redingote, red′ing-gōt, n. a double-breasted outer coat with long full skirts, worn by men, also a similar outer garment for women.

Redintegrate, rē-din′tē-grāt, v.t. to restore to integrity again: to renew:—pr.p. redin′tegrāting; pa.p. redin′tegrāted.—n. Redintegrā′tion, restoration to integrity or to a whole or sound state: renovation. [L. redintegrāre, -ātum—re-, again, integrāre, to make whole—integer.]

Redirect, rē-di-rekt′, v.t. to direct anew.

Redisburse, rē-dis-burs′, v.t. to refund.

Rediscover, rē-dis-kuv′ėr, v.t. to discover again.—n. Rediscov′ery.

Redispose, rē-dis-pōz′, v.t. to dispose or adjust again.—n. Redisposi′tion.

Redisseize, rē-dis-sēz′, v.t. to disseize anew.—ns. Redisseiz′in (law), a writ to recover seizin of lands; Redisseiz′or.

Redissolve, rē-di-zolv′, v.t. to dissolve again.—n. Redissolū′tion.

Redistribute, rē-dis-trib′ūt, v.t. to apportion anew.—n. Redistribū′tion, a second or renewed distribution.

Redistrict, rē-dis′trikt, v.t. to divide again, as a state into districts.—n. Redis′tricting (U.S.).

Redition, rē-dish′un, n. the act of going back.

Redivide, rē-di-vīd′, v.t. to divide again or anew.

Redivivus, red-i-vī′vus, adj. alive again: restored.

Redolent, red′ō-lent, adj. diffusing odour or fragrance: scented.—ns. Red′olence, Red′olency.—adv. Red′olently. [Fr.,—L. redolens, -entis—red-, re-, again, olēre, to emit an odour.]

Redondilla, red-on-dē′lya, n. an early form of versification in which the 1st and 4th and the 2d and 3d lines of the stanza generally rhymed: in later Spanish use, a term applied to verses of 6 and 8 syllables in general, whether making perfect rhymes or assonances only. [Sp.,—L. rotundus, round.]

Redorse, rē-dors′, n. the reverse side of a dorsal or dorse.

Redouble, rē-dub′l, v.t. to double again or repeatedly: to increase greatly: to multiply.—v.i. to become greatly increased: to become twice as much.

Redoubt, Redout, rē-dowt′, n. (fort.) a field-work enclosed on all sides, its ditch not flanked from the parapet: a central or retired work within any other works, intended to afford the garrison a last retreat—also Reduit′.—adj. (her.) bent in many angles. [Fr. redoute, réduit, a redoubt—It. ridotto—L. reducĕre, reductum—to bring back.]

Redoubt, rē-dowt′, v.t. (arch.) to fear.—adjs. Redoubt′able, valiant; Redoubt′ed (Spens.).—n. Redoubt′ing. [O. Fr. redouter, to fear greatly—L. re-, back, dubitāre, to doubt.]

Redound, rē-downd′, v.i. to be sent back by reaction, to rebound: to result, turn out: (Spens., Milt.) to overflow, to be in excess.—n. the coming back, as an effect or consequence, return.—n. Redound′ing. [Fr. rédonder—L. redundāre—re-, back, undāre, to surge—unda, a wave.]

Redowa, red′ō-a, n. a Bohemian round dance, one form resembling the waltz, the other the polka: the music for such a dance, usually in quick triple time. [Fr.,—Bohem. rejdowák.]

Redraft, rē-draft′, n. a second draft or copy: a new bill of exchange which the holder of a protested bill draws on the drawer or endorsers, for the amount of the bill, with costs and charges.

Redraw, rē-draw′, v.t. to draw again: to draw a second copy: to draw a new bill: to meet another bill of the same amount.

Redress, rē-dres′, v.t. to set right: to relieve from: to make amends to: to compensate: to dress again.—n. relief: reparation.—n. Redress′er, one who gives redress.—adjs. Redress′ible, that may be redressed; Redress′ive, affording redress; Redress′less, without relief.—n. Redress′ment, the act of redressing.

Redrive, rē-drīv′, v.t. to drive back.

Red-tape, red′-tāp, n. the red tape used in public, and esp. government, offices for tying up documents, &c.: applied satirically to the intricate system of routine in vogue there: official formality.—adj. pertaining to official formality.—ns. Red′-tā′pism, the system of routine in government and other public offices; Red′-tā′pist, a great stickler for routine.

Redub, rē-dub′, v.t. (obs.) to make amends for.—n. Redub′ber, one who buys stolen cloth and so alters it as not to be recognised.

Reduce, rē-dūs′, v.t. to bring into a lower state, as to reduce the ores of silver: to lessen: to impoverish: to subdue: to arrange: (arith. and alg.) to change numbers or quantities from one denomination into another: to reduce to its proper form, as to reduce a fracture: to bring into a new form, as to reduce Latin to English: to weaken: to bring into a class: (Scots law) to annul by legal means: (mil.) to strike off the pay-roll.—ns. Reduc′er, one who reduces: a joint-piece for connecting pipes of varying diameter; Reducibil′ity, Reduc′ibleness, the quality of being reducible.—adj. Reduc′ible, that may be reduced.—ns. Reduc′ing-scale, a scale used by surveyors for reducing chains and links to acres and roods; Reduc′tion, act of reducing or state of being reduced: diminution: subjugation: a rule for changing numbers or quantities from one denomination to another.—adj. Reduc′tive, having the power to reduce.—Reduce to the ranks, to degrade, for misconduct, to the condition of a private soldier; Reductio ad absurdum, the proof of a proposition by proving the falsity of its contradictory opposite; Reduction works, smelting works. [L. reducĕre, reductum—re-, back, ducĕre, to lead.]

Reduit. See Redoubt (1).

Redundance, rē-dun′dans, n. quality of being superfluous: superabundance—also Redun′dancy.—adj. Redun′dant, superfluous, as in words or images: (Milt.) flowing back, as a wave.—adv. Redun′dantly. [Fr.,—L. redund-ans, -antis, pr.p. of redundāre, to redound.]

Reduplicate, rē-dū′pli-kāt, v.t. to double again: to multiply: to repeat.—adj. doubled.—n. Reduplicā′tion, the act of redoubling: the repetition of a syllable, or of the initial part, in inflection and word-formation, as in L. fefelli, perf. of fallo, Gr. tetupha, perf. of tuptō: (anat.) a folding or doubling of a part or organ.—adj. Redū′plicātive.

Reduviidæ, red-ū-vī′i-dē, n.pl. a family of predacious bugs.—adj. Redū′vioid.—n. Redū′vius, a genus embracing about fifty species, mostly African—the Fly-bug is European.

Redux, rē′duks, adj. led back, as from captivity, &c., as in Dryden's poem on the Restoration entitled Astræa Redux: (med.) noting the reappearance of certain physical signs after interruption in consequence of disease.

Ree, rē, (prov.) v.t. to riddle.

Ree, rē, adj. (prov.) wild, tipsy.

Reebok, rē′bok, n. a South African antelope.

Re-echo, rē-ek′ō, v.t. to echo back.—v.i. to give back echoes: to resound.—n. an echo repeated.

Reechy, rēch′i, adj. (Shak.) smoky, sooty, tanned.—n. Reech, smoke—the Scotch reek (q.v.).

Reed, rēd, v.t. and v.i. (Spens.) to deem.

Reed, rēd, n. the common English name of certain tall grasses, growing in moist or marshy places, and having a very hard or almost woody culm: a musical pipe anciently made of a reed: the sounding part of several musical instruments, as the clarinet, bassoon, oboe, and bagpipe: the speaking part of the organ, though made of metal: the appliance in weaving for separating the threads of the warp, and for beating the weft up to the web: a tube containing the powder-train leading to the blast-hole: a piece of whalebone, &c., for stiffening the skirt or waist of a woman's dress: (poet.) a missile weapon: reeds or straw for thatch: a measuring reed.—v.t. to thatch.—ns. Reed′-band, a musical band including clarinets and other reed-instruments; Reed′-bird, the bobolink; Reed′-bunt′ing, the black-headed bunting of Europe.—adjs. Reed′ed, covered with reeds: formed with reed-like ridges or channels; Reed′en, consisting of a reed or reeds.—ns. Reed′er, a thatcher; Reed′-grass, any one of the grasses called reeds; Reed′iness, the state of being reedy; Reed′ing, the milling on the edge of a coin: (archit.) ornamental beaded mouldings, &c.; Reed′-in′strument, a musical instrument, the tone of which is produced by the vibration of a reed; Reed′-knife, a metal implement for adjusting the tuning wires in a pipe-organ; Reed′ling, the European bearded titmouse; Reed′-mace, any plant of the genus Typha, esp. either of two species, also called Cat's tail, the most common of which grows to a height of five or six feet, and is sometimes called Bulrush; Reed′-mō′tion, the mechanism which in power-looms moves the batten; Reed′-or′gan, a key-board musical instrument of which the harmonium and the American organ are the principal types; Reed′-pheas′ant, the bearded titmouse or reedling; Reed′-pipe, in organ-building, a pipe whose tone is produced by the vibration of a reed: Reed′-plane, a concave-soled plane used in making beads; Reed′-stop, a set of reed-pipes in organs, the use of which is controlled by a single stop-knob; Reed′-war′bler, a species of the warblers, frequenting marshy places, and building its nest on the reeds which grow there—also Reed′-thrush; Reed′-wren, the greater reed-warbler: an American wren.—adj. Reed′y, abounding with reeds: resembling or sounding as a reed—n. masses of rods of iron imperfectly welded together. [A.S. hreód; Dut. riet, Ger. ried.]

Re-edify, rē-ed′i-fī, v.t. to rebuild.—n. Re-edificā′tion, the act of rebuilding: the state of being rebuilt.

Reef, rēf, n. a chain of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water: a shoal or elevated bank: a lode, vein, or ledge, in Australian mining phraseology. [Dut. rif; Ice. rif.]

Reef, rēf, n. a portion of a sail rolled or folded up.—v.t. to reduce the exposed surface of, as a sail: to gather up any material in a similar way.—ns. Reef′-band, a strong strip of canvas extending across a sail to strengthen it; Reef′er, a reef-oyster: one who reefs: a short jacket worn by sailors: a midshipman; Reef′-goose, the common wild goose of North America; Reef′ing, the gathering up of a curtain in short festoons; Reef′ing-jack′et, a pea-jacket; Reef′-knot, a square knot; Reef′-line, a temporary means of spilling a sail; Reef′-pend′ant, in fore and aft sails, a rope through a sheave-hole in the boom; Reef′-squid, a lashing used aboard the luggers on the south coast of England; Reef′-tack′le, a tackle used to facilitate reefing.—adjs. Reef′y, full of reefs; Close′-reefed, the condition of a sail when all its reefs have been taken in. [Dut. reef, reef; Ice. rif, Dan. reb.]

Reef, rēf, adj. (Scot.) scabby.—n. the itch. [A.S. hreóf, scabby.]

Reek, rēk, n. smoke: vapour.—v.i. to emit smoke or vapour: to steam.—adj. Reek′y, full of reek: smoky: soiled with steam or smoke: foul. [A.S. réc; Ice. reykr, Ger. rauch, Dut. rook, smoke.]

Reel, rēl, n. a lively Scottish dance for two couples or more, its music generally written in common time of four crotchets in a measure, but sometimes in jig time of six quavers: music for such a dance.—v.i. to dance a reel. [Gael. righil.]

Reel, rēl, n. a rolling or turning frame for winding yarn, &c.—v.t. to wind on a reel.—adj. Reel′able, capable of being reeled.—ns. Reel′-click, an attachment to an angler's reel, which checks the line from running out too freely; Reel′-cott′on, sewing cotton thread wound on reels or spools; Reel′er, one who reels: the grasshopper-warbler; Reel′-hold′er, a rotatory frame to hold spools or reels of thread used in sewing: one of the watch in a man-of-war who hauls in the line when the log is heaved to ascertain the ship's speed; Reel′ing-machine′, a machine for winding thread on spools or reels: a machine which winds into hanks the cotton yarn received from the bobbins of the spinning-frames; Reel′-line, a fishing-line used on a reel by anglers, esp. the part reeled, as distinguished from that cast; Reel′-plate, the metal plate of a fishing-reel that fits into the reel-seat; Reel′-seat, the groove on an angler's rod which receives the reel.—Reel off, to give out with rapidity or fluency. [A.S. reól, hreól.]

Reel, rēl, v.i. to stagger: to vacillate.—n. giddiness.—adv. Reel′-rall (Scot.), topsy-turvy. [Conn. with preceding word.]

Re-elect, rē-ē-lekt′, v.t. to elect again.—n. Re-elec′tion.

Re-elevate, rē-el′e-vāt, v.t. to elevate again or anew.

Re-eligible, rē-el′i-ji-bl, adj. capable of re-election.—n. Re-eligibil′ity.

Reem, rēm, n. an animal mentioned in Job, xxxix. 9—unicorn, wild ox, or ox-antelope.

Re-embark, rē-em-bärk′, v.t. to embark or put on board again.—n. Re-embarkā′tion.

Re-embattle, rē-em-bat′l, v.t. (Milt.) to range again in order of battle.

Re-embody, rē-em-bod′i, v.t. to embody again.

Re-embrace, rē-em-brās′, v.t. or v.i. to embrace again.

Re-emerge, rē-ē-mėrj′, v.i. to emerge again.—n. Re-emerg′ence, the act of emerging again.

Reeming, rēm′ing, n. the act of opening the seams between the planks of a vessel with a caulking-iron, in order to admit the oakum.

Re-enact, rē-en-akt′, v.t. to enact again.—n. Re-enact′ment.

Re-encouragement, rē-en-kur′āj-ment, n. renewed or repeated encouragement.

Re-endow, rē-en-dow′, v.t. to endow again or anew.

Re-enforce, Re-enforcement. Same as Reinforce, Reinforcement.

Re-engage, rē-en-gāj′, v.t. and v.i. to engage again or a second time.—n. Re-engage′ment, a renewed or repeated engagement.

Re-engender, rē-en-jen′dėr, v.t. to regenerate.

Re-engrave, rē-en-grāv′, v.t. to engrave again or anew.

Re-enjoy, rē-en-joi′, v.t. to enjoy anew or a second time.

Re-enlist, rē-en-list, v.t. or v.i. to enlist again.

Re-enter, rē-en′tėr, v.t. and v.i. to enter again or anew: in engraving, to cut deeper where the aqua fortis has not bitten sufficiently.—p.adj. Re-en′tering, entering again: turning inwards.—n. Re-en′trance, the act of entering again.—adj. Re-en′trant (same as Re-entering).—n. Re-en′try, an entering again: the resuming a possession lately lost.—Re-entering angle, an angle pointing inwards.

Re-enthrone, rē-en-thrōn′, v.t. to restore to the throne.—n. Re-enthrone′ment.

Re-erect, rē-e-rekt′, v.t. to erect again.

Reermouse. Same as Reremouse.

Reesk, rēsk, n. (Scot.) rank grass, or waste land growing such.

Reest, Reist, rēst, v.i. (Scot.) of a horse, suddenly to refuse to move, to baulk.—v.t. to arrest, stop.

Re-establish, rē-es-tab′lish, v.t. to establish again: to restore.—ns. Re-estab′lisher, one who re-establishes; Re-estab′lishment.

Re-estate, rē-es-tāt′, v.t. to re-establish.

Reeve, rēv, n. a steward or other officer (now used only in composition, as in sheriff)—a title applied to several classes of old English magistrates over various territorial areas, as borough-reeves, over boroughs; port-reeves, in trading towns, in ports; high-reeves, &c. [M. E. reve—A.S. geréfa—róf, excellent. Cf. Ger. graf.]

Reeve, rēv, v.t. to pass the end of a rope through any hole, as the channel of a block:—pa.t. and pa.p. reeved, also rove (naut.). [Reef (2).]

Re-examine, rē-eg-zam′in, v.t. to examine again or anew.—n. Re-examinā′tion, a renewed or repeated examination.

Re-exchange, rē-eks-chānj′, v.t. to exchange again or anew.—n. a renewed exchange.

Re-exhibit, rē-eg-zib′it, v.t. to exhibit again.

Re-expel, rē-eks-pel′, v.t. to expel again.

Re-export, rē-eks-pōrt′, v.t. to export again, as what has been imported.—n. Re-exportā′tion, the act of exporting what has first been imported.

Refaction, rē-fak′shun, n. (obs.) retribution.

Refait, re-fā′, n. a drawn game, esp. in rouge-et-noir.

Refashion, rē-fash′un, v.t. to fashion or mould again.—n. Refash′ionment.

Refasten, rē-fas′n, v.t. to fasten again.

Refection, rē-fek′shun, n. refreshment: a meal or repast.—n. Refec′tioner.—adj. Refec′tive, refreshing.—n. Refec′tory, the place where refections or meals are taken, esp. in convents or monasteries. [Fr.,—L. refectio—reficĕre, refectum—re-, again, facĕre, to make.]

Refel, rē-fel′, v.t. (Shak.) to refute, to disprove. [O. Fr.,—L. refellĕre—re-, again, fallĕre, to deceive.]

Refeoff, rē-fef′, v.t. to reinvest.

Refer, rē-fėr, v.t. to submit to another person or authority: to assign: to reduce: to carry back: to trace back: to hand over for consideration: to deliver over, as to refer a matter: to appeal: to direct for information.—v.i. to direct the attention: to give a reference: to have reference or recourse: to relate: to allude:—pr.p. refer′ring; pa.t. and pa.p. referred′.—adjs. Ref′erable, Refer′rible, that may be referred or assigned to.—ns. Referēē′, one to whom anything is referred: an arbitrator, umpire, or judge; Ref′erence, the act of referring: a submitting for information or decision: relation: allusion: one who, or that which, is referred to: (law) the act of submitting a dispute for investigation or decision: a testimonial: a direction in a book, a quotation; Ref′erence-Bī′ble, a Bible having references to parallel passages; Ref′erence-book, a book to be referred to or consulted, as an encyclopædia; Ref′erence-Lī′brary, a library containing books to be consulted only in the premises.—n.pl. Ref′erence-marks (print.), the characters *, †, &c., used to refer to notes, &c.—ns. Referendar′, in Germany, a legal probationer who has passed the first of the two examinations for the judicial service; Referen′dary, one to whose decision a cause is referred, a referee: formerly a public official whose duty was to procure, execute, and despatch diplomas and charters, or who served as the medium of communication with a sovereign: the official through whom the patriarch of Constantinople communicates with the civil authorities; Referen′dum, in Switzerland, the right of the people to have all legislative acts passed in the Federal or Cantonal Assemblies referred to them en masse.—adj. Referen′tial, containing a reference: pointing or referring to something else.—adv. Referen′tially, in the way of reference.—ns. Refer′ment; Refer′rer. [O. Fr. referer (référer)—L. referre, to carry back—re-, back, ferre, to carry.]

Referrible. Same as Referable.

Refigure, rē-fig′ūr, v.t. to represent anew: (astrol.) to restore the parabolic figure of, as of a parabolic mirror.

Refill, rē-fil′, v.t. to fill again.

Refind, rē-fīnd′, v.t. to find or experience again.

Refine, rē-fīn′, v.t. to separate from extraneous matter: to reduce to a fine or pure state: to purify: to clarify: to polish: to make elegant: to purify the manners, morals, language, &c.—v.i. to become fine or pure: to affect nicety: to improve in any kind of excellence.—p.adj. Refined′, made fine: polished: highly cultivated.—adv. Refin′edly, in a refined manner: with affected elegance.—ns. Refin′edness, Refine′ment, act of refining or state of being refined: purification: separation from what is impure, &c.: cultivation: elegance: polish: purity: an excessive nicety; Refin′er, one who refuses anything: a piece of mechanism for refining, as a gas purifier; Refin′ery, a place for refining; Refin′ing, the act or process of refining or purifying, particularly metals. [L. re-, denoting change of state, and fine; cf. Fr. raffiner.]

Refit, rē-fit′, v.t. to fit or prepare again.—v.i. to repair damages.—ns. Refit′, Refit′ment.

Reflame, rē-flām′, v.i. to burst again into flame.

Reflect, rē-flekt′, v.t. to bend back: to throw back after striking upon any surface, as light, &c.—v.i. to be thrown back, as light, heat, &c.: to revolve in the mind: to consider attentively or deeply: to ponder: to cast reproach or censure (with on, upon).—p.adj. Reflect′ed, cast or thrown back: turned upward: reflexed.—adjs. Reflect′ible, capable of being reflected; Reflect′ing, throwing back light, heat, &c.: given to reflection: thoughtful.—adv. Reflect′ingly, with reflection: with censure.—Reflecting telescope, a form of telescope in which the image of the object to be viewed is produced by a concave reflector instead of a lens, as in the refracting telescope. [Fr.,—L. reflectĕre, reflexum—re-, again, flectĕre, to bend.]

Reflection, Reflexion, rē-flek′shun, n. the act of reflecting: the change of direction when a ray of light, &c., strikes upon a surface and is thrown back: the state of being reflected: that which is reflected: the action of the mind by which it is conscious of its own operations: attentive consideration: contemplation: censure or reproach: (anat.) the folding of a part, a fold.—adj. Reflect′ive, reflecting: considering the operations of the mind: exercising thought or reflection: (gram.) reciprocal.—adv. Reflect′ively.—ns. Reflect′iveness; Reflect′or, one who, or that which, reflects: a mirror or polished reflecting surface: a censurer.—adj. Reflect′ory.

Reflet, re-flā′, n. iridescent glaze, as on pottery: ware possessing this property.

Reflex, rē′fleks, adj. bent or turned back: reflected: reciprocal: acting and reacting, as reflex influence: (physiol.) said of certain movements which take place independent of the will, being sent back from a nerve-centre in answer to a stimulus from the surface: (paint.) illuminated by light reflected from another part of the same picture.—n. reflection: light reflected from an illuminated surface: a copy.—v.t. Reflex′, to bend back.—p.adj. Reflexed′ (bot.), bent backward or downward.—n. Reflexibil′ity.—adjs. Reflex′ible, Reflect′ible, that may be reflected or thrown back.—n. Reflex′ity.—adj. Reflex′ive, turning backward: reflective: respecting the past: relating to a verb in which the action turns back upon the subject, as I bethought myself.—adv. Reflex′ively.—n. Reflex′iveness, the state or quality of being reflexive.—adv. Rē′flexly (also Reflex′ly).—adj. Reflexogen′ic, tending to increase reflex motions.

Refloat, rē-flōt′, n. ebb.

Reflorescence, rē-flor-es′ens, n. a blossoming anew.—v.i. Reflour′ish.

Reflow, rē-flō′, v.i. to flow back.—ns. Reflow′, Reflow′ing.

Reflower, rē-flow′ėr, v.i. to bloom again.

Refluent, ref′lōō-ent, adj. flowing back: ebbing.—ns. Ref′luence, Ref′luency.—adj. Rē′flux, flowing or returning back: reflex.—n. a flowing back: ebb.—n. Reflux′ing. [L. refluens, -entis, pr.p. of refluĕre—re-, back, fluĕre, fluxum, to flow.]

Refocillate, rē-fos′il-āt, v.t. (obs.) to revive.—n. Refocillā′tion. [L. re-, again, focillāre, to cherish—focus, a hearth.]

Refold, rē-fōld′, v.t. to fold again.—adj. Refold′ed.

Refoot, rē-fōōt′, v.t. to supply with a new foot.

Reforest, rē-for′est, v.t. to plant again with trees.—n. Reforestā′tion.

Reforge, rē-fōrj′, v.t. to forge again or anew: to make over again.—n. Reforg′er.

Reform, rē-form′, v.t. to form again or anew: to transform: to make better: to remove that which is objectionable from: to repair or improve: to reclaim.—v.i. to become better: to abandon evil: to be corrected or improved.—n. a forming anew: change, amendment, improvement: an extension or better distribution of parliamentary representation, as in the Reform Bill.—adj. Refor′mable.—n. Reformā′tion, the act of forming again: the act of reforming: amendment: improvement: the great religious revolution of the 16th century, which gave rise to the various evangelical or Protestant organisations of Christendom.—adjs. Refor′mātive, forming again or anew: tending to produce reform; Refor′mātory, reforming: tending to produce reform.—n. an institution for reclaiming youths and children who have been convicted of crime.—adj. Reformed′, formed again or anew: changed: amended: improved: denoting the churches formed after the Reformation, esp. those in which the Calvinistic doctrines, and still more the Calvinistic polity, prevail, in contradistinction to the Lutheran.—ns. Refor′mer, one who reforms: one who advocates political reform: one of those who took part in the Reformation of the 16th century; Refor′mist, a reformer.—Reformed Presbyterians, a Presbyterian denomination originating in Scotland (see Cameronian); Reform school, a reformatory. [L. re-, again, formāre, to shape—forma, form.]

Reformade, ref-or-mād′, n. (Bunyan) a reduced or dismissed soldier.—n. Reformā′do, an officer without a command.—adj. degraded: penitent.

Refortify, rē-for′ti-fī, v.t. to fortify again or anew.

Refound, rē-fownd′, v.t. to establish on a new basis: to cast anew.—n. Refound′er.

Refract, rē-frakt′, v.t. to break back or open: to break the natural course, or bend from a direct line, as rays of light, &c.—adj. Rēfrac′table.—p.adjs. Rēfrac′ted, turned out of its straight course, as a ray of light: (bot., &c.) bent back at an acute angle; Rēfrac′ting, serving or tending to refract: refractive.—n. Rēfrac′tion, the act of refracting: the change in the direction of a ray of light, heat, &c., when it enters a different medium.—adj. Rēfrac′tive, refracting: pertaining to refraction.—ns. Rēfrac′tiveness; Rēfractiv′ity; Rēfractom′eter, an instrument for measuring the refractive power of different substances; Rēfrac′tor, a refracting telescope.—Angle of refraction, the angle between a perpendicular and a ray of light after its change of direction, bearing a constant ratio to the sine of the angle of incidence—the index of refraction; Astronomical, or Atmospheric, refraction, the apparent angular elevation of the heavenly bodies above their true places, caused by the refraction of the rays of light in their passage through the earth's atmosphere; Double refraction, the separation of an incident ray of light into two refracted rays, polarised in perpendicular planes. [L. refringĕre, refractum—re-, back, frangĕre, to break.]

Refractory, rē-frak′to-ri, adj. breaking through rules: unruly: unmanageable: obstinate: perverse: difficult of fusion, as metals, &c.: not susceptible, as to disease.—adv. Refrac′torily.—n. Refrac′toriness.

Refracture, rē-frak′tūr, n. a breaking again.

Refragable, ref′ra-ga-bl, adj. that may be resisted: capable of refutation.—ns. Refragabil′ity, Ref′ragableness.—v.i. Ref′ragāte (obs.), to be contrary in effect. [L. refragāri, to resist—re-, again, frangĕre, to break.]

Refrain, rē-frān′, n. a burden or chorus recurring at the end of each division of a poem: the musical form to which the burden of a song is set: an after-taste or other sense impression. [O. Fr. refrain—refraindre—L. refringĕre (refrangĕre).]

Refrain, rē-frān′, v.t. to curb: to restrain.—v.i. to keep from action: to forbear.—ns. Refrain′er; Refrain′ment. [O. Fr. refraindre (Fr. refréner)—Low L. refrenāre—re-, back, frenum, a bridle.]

Reframe, rē-frām′, v.t. to frame again.

Refranation, rēf-ra-nā′shun, n. (astrol.) the failure of a planetary aspect to occur.

Refrangible, rē-fran′ji-bl, adj. that may be refracted, or turned out of a direct course, as rays of light, heat, &c.—ns. Refrangibil′ity, Refran′gibleness.

Refreeze, rē-frēz′, v.t. to freeze a second time.

Refrenation, ref-rē-nā′shun, n. (obs.) the act of restraining.

Refresh, rē-fresh′, v.t. to give new strength, spirit, &c. to: to revive after exhaustion: to enliven: to restore a fresh appearance to.—v.i. to become fresh again: (coll.) to take refreshment, as food and drink.—v.t. Rēfresh′en, to make fresh again.—n. Rēfresh′er, one who, or that which, refreshes: a fee paid to counsel for continuing his attention to a case, esp. when adjourned.—adj. Rēfresh′ful, full of power to refresh: refreshing.—adv. Rēfresh′fully.—p.adj. Rēfresh′ing, reviving, invigorating.—adv. Rēfresh′ingly, in a refreshing manner: so as to revive.—ns. Rēfresh′ingness; Refresh′ment, the act of refreshing: new strength or spirit after exhaustion: that which refreshes, as food or rest—(pl.) usually food and drink.—Refreshment, or Refection, Sunday, the fourth Sunday in Lent.

Refrigerant, rē-frij′ė-rant, adj. making cold: cooling: refreshing.—n. that which cools.—v.t. Rēfrig′erāte, to make cold: to cool: to refresh.—n. Rēfrigerā′tion.—adjs. Rēfrig′erātive, Rēfrig′erātory, cooling: refreshing.—ns. Rēfrig′erātor, an apparatus for preserving food by keeping it at a low temperature: an ice-safe; Rēfrig′erātor-car, a freight-car fitted for preserving meat, &c., during transmission, by means of cold; Rēfrig′erātory, a cooler: a vessel or apparatus for cooling, used in brewing, &c.; Rēfrigē′rium (obs.), cooling refreshment. [Fr.,—L. re-, denoting change of state, frigerāre, -ātum, to cool, frigus, cold.]

Refringe, rē-frinj′, v.t. to infringe.—n. Rēfring′ency, refractive power.—adj. Rēfrin′gent.

Reft, reft, pa.t. and pa.p. of reave.

Refuge, ref′ūj, n. that which affords shelter or protection: an asylum or retreat: a resource or expedient.—v.t. to find shelter for.—v.i. to take shelter.—ns. Refugēē′, one who flees for refuge to another country, esp. from religious persecution or political commotion; Refugēē′ism.—City of refuge (see City); House of refuge, an institution for the shelter of the destitute. [Fr.,—L. refugium—re-, back, frugĕre, to flee.]

Refulgence, rē-ful′jens, n. state of being refulgent: brightness: brilliance—also Rēful′gency.—adj. Rēful′gent, casting a flood of light: shining: brilliant.—adv. Rēful′gently. [Fr.,—L. refulgens, -entis, pr.p. of refulgēre—re-, inten., fulgēre, to shine.]

Refund, rē-fund′, v.t. to repay: to restore: to return what has been taken.—ns. Refund′; Refund′er; Refund′ment. [Fr.,—L. refundĕre, refusum—re-, back, fundĕre, to pour.]

Refurbish, rē-fur′bish, v.t. to furbish again: to polish.

Refurnish, rē-fur′nish, v.t. to furnish again: to supply or provide anew.

Refuse, rē-fūz′, v.t. to reject: to deny, as a request, &c.: to disown: to fail to receive, to repel: (mil.) to hold troops back from the regular alignment.—v.i. to decline acceptance: not to comply.—adj. Refū′sable, capable of being refused.—ns. Refū′sal, denial of anything requested: rejection: the right of taking in preference to others; Rēfū′ser. [Fr. refuser, prob. due to confusion of L. refutāre, to drive back, recusāre, to make an objection against.]

Refuse, ref′ūs, adj. refused: worthless.—n. that which is rejected or left as worthless: dross.

Refuse, rē-fūz′, v.t. to melt again.—n. Rēfū′sion, repeated fusion or melting, as of metals: restoration.

Refute, rē-fūt′, v.t. to repel: to oppose: to disprove.—n. Rēfutabil′ity.—adj. Rēfū′table, that may be refuted or disproved.—adv. Rēfū′tably.—n. Refutā′tion, the act of refuting or disproving.—adj. Rēfū′tātory, tending to refute: refuting.—n. Rēfū′ter, one who, or that which, refutes. [Fr. réfuter—L. refutāre—re-, back, root of fundĕre, futilis.]

Regain, rē-gān, v.t. to gain back or again: to recover.

Regal, rē′gal, adj. belonging to a king: kingly: royal.—adv. Rē′gally. [Fr.,—L. regalis—rex, a king—regĕre, to rule.]

Regal, rē′gal, n. a small portable organ used to support treble voices.—Also Rig′ole. [Fr.,—It.,—L. regalis, royal.]

Regale, rē-gāl′, v.t. to entertain in a sumptuous manner: to refresh: to gratify.—v.i. to feast.—n. a regal or magnificent feast.—ns. Regale′ment, the act of regaling: entertainment: refreshment; Regā′ler. [Fr. régaler, derived by Diez, like Sp. regalar, from L. regelāre, to thaw. Scheler prefers to connect with O. Fr. galer, to rejoice (cf. Gala), and Skeat follows him.]

Regalia, rē-gā′li-a, n.pl. the ensigns of royalty: the crown, sceptre, &c., esp. those used at a coronation: the rights and privileges of kings: the distinctive symbols of a particular order.—n. Rēgā′lē, the power of the sovereign in ecclesiastical affairs.—adj. Rēgā′lian, regal, sovereign.—ns. Rē′galism, Rēgal′ity, state of being regal: royalty: sovereignty: (Scot.) a territorial jurisdiction formerly conferred by the king.—adv. Rē′gally. [Neut. pl. of L. regalis, royal.]

Regalia, rē-gā′lya, n. a superior Cuban cigar.

Regard, rē-gärd′, v.t. to observe particularly: to hold in respect or affection: to pay attention to: to care for: to keep or observe: to esteem: to consider as important or valuable: to have respect or relation to.—n. (orig.) look, gaze: attention with interest: observation: respect: affection: repute: relation: reference: (pl.) good wishes.—adjs. Regar′dable; Regar′dant, looking to: (her.) looking behind or backward.—n. Regar′der.—adj. Regard′ful, full of regard: taking notice: heedful: attentive.—adv. Regard′fully.—n. Regard′fulness.—prep. Regar′ding, respecting, concerning.—adj. Regard′less, without regard: not attending: negligent: heedless.—adv. Regard′lessly.—ns. Regard′lessness; Regard′-ring, a ring set with stones whose initial letters make the word regard, as ruby, emerald, garnet, amethyst, ruby, diamond.—As regards, with regard to; In regard of, in view of; In this regard, in this respect. [Fr. regarder—re-, again, garder, to keep.]

Regather, rē-gath′ėr, v.t. to gather again.

Regatta, rē-gat′a, n. a race of yachts: any rowing or sailing match. [It. regatta, rigatta—Old It. regattare, to haggle, prob. a form of It. recatare, to retail—L. re-, again, captāre, to catch.]

Regelation, rē-jē-lā′shun, n. the act of freezing anew.—v.i. Rē′gelāte, to freeze together. [L. re-, again, gelāre, to freeze.]

Regency, rē′jen-si, n. the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent: a body entrusted with vicarious government.—n. Rē′gence (obs.), government.

Regenerate, rē-jen′ėr-āt, v.t. to produce anew: (theol.) to renew the heart and turn it to the love of God.—adj. regenerated, renewed: changed from a natural to a spiritual state.—ns. Regen′erācy, Regen′erāteness, state of being regenerate.—n. Regenerā′tion, act of regenerating: state of being regenerated: (theol.) new birth, the change from a carnal to a Christian life: the renewal of the world at the second coming of Christ.—adj. Regen′erātive, pertaining to regeneration: renewal.—adv. Regen′erātively.—n. Regen′erātor, a chamber filled with a checker-work of fire-bricks, in which the waste heat is, by reversal of the draught, alternately stored up and given out to the gas and air entering the furnace.—adj. Regen′erātory.—n. Regen′esis, the state of being renewed.—Baptismal regeneration (see Baptise). [L. regenerāre, -ātum, to bring forth again—re-, again, generāre, to generate.]

Regent, rē′jent, adj. invested with interim or vicarious sovereign authority.—n. one invested with interim authority: one who rules for the sovereign: a college professor, as formerly in Scotland and elsewhere: a master or doctor who takes part in the regular duties of instruction and government in some universities.—ns. Rē′gent-bird, an Australian bird related to the bower-birds; Rē′gentess; Rē′gentship, office of a regent: deputed authority. [Fr.,—L. regens, -entis, pr.p. of regĕre, to rule.]

Regerminate, rē-jėr′min-āt, v.i. to germinate or bud again.—n. Regerminā′tion.

Regest, rē-jest′, v.t. (obs.) to throw back.—n. a register.

Reget, rē-get′, v.t. to get or obtain again.

Regian, rē′ji-an, n. (obs.) a royalist.—Rē′giam majestā′tem, a collection of ancient laws bearing to have been compiled by order of David I. of Scotland, now generally believed to be a compilation from Glanville's Tractatus de legibus.

Regible, rej′i-bl, adj. governable.

Regicide, rej′i-sīd, n. the murderer of a king—applied esp. to the members of the High Court of Justice who sentenced Charles I. to death.—adj. Regicī′dal. [Fr.,—L. rex, regis, a king, cædĕre, to kill.]

Regifugium, rē-ji-fū′ji-um, n. an ancient Roman festival commemorating the expulsion of the Tarquins.

Regild, rē-gild′, v.t. to gild again or anew.

Régime, rā-zhēm′, n. mode of ruling one's diet: form of government: administration.—Ancien régime, the political system that prevailed in France before the Revolution of 1789. [Fr.,—L. regimen—regĕre, to rule.]

Regimen, rej′i-men, n. rule prescribed: orderly government: any regulation for gradual improvement: (med.) rule of diet, habit with regard to food: (gram.) the government of one word by another: words governed:—pl. Regim′ina.—adj. Regim′inal. [L.]

Regiment, rej′i-ment, n. a body of soldiers constituting the largest permanent unit, commanded by a colonel: rule.—v.t. to form into a regiment: to organise.—adj. Regiment′al, relating to a regiment.—n.pl. the uniform of a regiment.—n. Regimentā′tion, classification.—Regimental district, the territory allotted to each regiment for recruiting purposes.

Regina, rē-jī′na, n. (U.S.) the striped water-snake.

Region, rē′jun, n. a portion of land: country: any area or district, with respect to fauna, flora, &c.: (Shak.) rank, dignity: (Shak.) the elemental space between the earth and the moon's orbit.—adj. Rē′gional, topical: local: topographical.—n. Rē′gionalism, sectionalism.—adv. Rē′gionally.—n. Regionā′rius, a title given to R.C. ecclesiastics who have jurisdiction over certain districts of Rome.—adjs. Rē′gionary; Rēgion′ic. [O. Fr.,—L. regio, regionis—regĕre, to rule.]

Register, rej′is-tėr, n. a written record, regularly kept: the book containing the register: that which registers or records: one who registers, as the Scotch 'Lord Clerk Register:' that which regulates, as the damper of a furnace or stove: a stop or range of pipes on the organ, &c.: the compass of a voice or of a musical instrument: (print.) exact adjustment of position in the presswork of books printed on both sides.—v.t. to enter in a register: to record.—adjs. Reg′isterable, Reg′istrable, capable of being registered; Reg′istered, enrolled, as a registered voter.—ns. Reg′ister-grate, a grate with a shutter behind; Reg′ister-off′ice, a record-office: an employment office; Reg′ister-plate, in rope-making, a disc having holes so arranged as to give the yarns passing through them their proper position for entering into the general twist; Reg′istrant, one who registers, esp. a trade-mark or patent; Reg′istrar, one who keeps a register or official record; Reg′istrar-gen′eral, an officer having the superintendence of the registration of all births, deaths, and marriages; Reg′istrarship, office of a registrar.—v.t. Reg′istrāte.—ns. Registrā′tion, act of registering: in organ-playing, the act of combining stops for the playing of given pieces of music; Reg′istry, act of registering: place where a register is kept: facts recorded.—Registration Act, a statute of 1885 extending the borough system of registration to county towns; Registration of British ships, a duty imposed on ship-owners in order to secure to their vessels the privileges of British ships; Registration of copyright, the recording of the title of a book for the purpose of securing the copyright; Registration of trade-marks, the public system of registering such, with a view to secure their exclusive use.—Parish register, a book in which the births, deaths, and marriages are inscribed; Ship's register, a document showing the ownership of a vessel. [O. Fr. registre—Low L. registrum, for L. regestum, pl. regesta—re-, back, gerĕre, to carry.]

Regius, rē′ji-us, adj. appointed by the Crown, as Rē′gius profess′or, one whose chair was founded by Henry VIII.; in Scotland, any professor whose chair was founded by the Crown.—Rē′gium dō′num, an annual grant of public money to Presbyterian and other nonconformist ministers in England, Scotland, and esp. Ireland, where it only ceased in 1871.

Regive, rē-giv′, v.t. to restore.

Reglement, reg′l-ment, n. (Bacon) regulation.—adj. Reglemen′tary. [Fr.]

Reglet, reg′let, n. a flat, narrow moulding, used to separate panels, &c.: a fillet: (print.) a ledge of wood thicker than a lead, and used for a like purpose.—n. Reg′let-plane, a plane for making printers' reglets. [Fr., dim. of règle—L. regula, a rule.]

Reglow, rē-glō′, v.i. to recalesce.—n. recalescence.

Regma, reg′ma, n. (bot.) a capsule with two or more lobes, each of which dehisces at maturity:—pl. Reg′mata. [Gr. rhēgma, a fracture.]

Regmacarp, reg′ma-kärp, n. any dehiscent fruit.

Regnal, reg′nal, adj. pertaining to the reign of a monarch.—n. Reg′nancy, condition of being regnant: reign: predominance.—adj. Reg′nant, reigning or ruling: predominant: exercising regal authority.—ns. Reg′nicide, the destroyer of a kingdom; Reg′num, a badge of royalty, esp. the early form of the pope's tiara.—Regnal year, the year of a sovereign's reign. [L. regnans, regnantis, pr.p. of regnāre, regĕre, to rule.]

Regorge, rē-gorj′, v.t. to swallow again: (Milt.) to swallow eagerly: to vomit, to throw back.

Regrade, rē-grād, v.i. (obs.) to retire.

Regraft, rē-graft′, v.t. to graft again.

Regrant, rē-grant′, v.t. to grant back.—n. a fresh grant.

Regrate, rē-grāt′, v.t. in masonry, to remove the outer surface so as to give a fresh appearance.

Regrate, rē-grāt′, v.t. to buy and sell again in the same market, thus raising the price—once a criminal offence in England.—ns. Regrā′ter, -tor, a huckster who buys and sells provisions in the same fair; Regrā′ting. [O. Fr. regrater—Low L. recatare, to retail—L. re-, back, captāre, to catch.]

Regrede, rē-grēd′, v.i. to retrograde.—n. Regrē′dience.

Regreet, rē-grēt′, v.t. (Shak.) to greet or salute again.—n. (Shak.) exchange of salutation.

Regress, rē-gres′, n. passage back: return: power of returning: re-entry.—v.i. to go back: to return to a former place or state: (astron.) to move from east to west.—n. Regres′sion, act of going back or returning.—adj. Regress′ive, going back: returning.—adv. Regress′ively, in a regressive manner: by return. [L. regressus, perf. p. of regredi—re-, back, gradi, gressus, to step, go.]

Regret, rē-gret′, v.t. to grieve at: to remember with sorrow:—pr.p. regret′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. regret′ted.—n. sorrow for anything: concern: remorse: a written expression of regret.—adj. Regret′ful, full of regret.—adv. Regret′fully.—adj. Regret′table.—adv. Regret′tably. [O. Fr. regrater, to desire, prob. from L. re-, again, and an Old Low Ger. form, appearing in A.S. grǽtan, Goth. gretan, to weep, Scot. greet. Others explain as from L. re-, in neg. sense, and gratus, pleasing.]

Regrowth, rē-grōth′, n. a new growth.

Reguerdon, rē-gėr′dun, v.t. (Shak.) to reward.—n. (Shak.) a reward.—n. Reguer′donment.

Regula, reg′ū-la, n. a book of rules for a religious house: (archit.) one of the bands under a Doric triglyph or between the canals of the triglyphs:—pl. Reg′ulæ (-lē). [L. regula, a rule.]

Regular, reg′ū-lar, adj. according to rule, or to law, order, custom, established practice, or mode prescribed: in accordance with nature or art, or the ordinary form or course of things: governed by rule: uniform: periodical: unbroken: methodical, orderly, systematic: strict: pursued with steadiness: straight: level: instituted according to established forms: normal, natural: consistent: usual, customary: (gram.) according to ordinary rule, as 'regular verbs:' (bot.) symmetrical in form: (geom.) having all the sides and angles equal: belonging to the permanent or standing army—opp. to Militia and Volunteer: (coll.) thorough, out and out, as 'a regular deception:' as opp. to Secular in the R.C. Church, denoting monks, friars, &c. under a monastic rule.—n. a soldier belonging to the permanent army: a member of a religious order who has taken the three ordinary vows: (chron.) a number for each year, giving, added to the concurrents, the number of the day of the week on which the paschal full moon falls: a fixed number for each month serving to ascertain the day of the week, or the age of the moon, on the first day of any month.—n.pl. Regulā′ria, the regular sea-urchins.—n. Regularisā′tion.—v.t. Reg′ularise, to make regular.—n. Regular′ity, conformity to rule: method: uniformity.—adv. Reg′ularly.—n. Reg′ularness.—v.t. Reg′ulāte, to make regular: to adjust by rule: to subject to rules or restrictions: to put in good order.—ns. Reg′ulating-screw, in organ-building, a screw by which the dip of the digitals of the keyboard of an organ may be adjusted; Regulā′tion, act of regulating: state of being regulated: a rule or order prescribed: precept: law.—adj. Reg′ulātive, tending to regulate.—n. Reg′ulātor, one who, or that which, regulates: a lever which regulates the motion of a watch, &c.: anything that regulates motion.—adj. Reg′ulātory.—n.fem. Reg′ulātress. [L. regularis—regula, a rule—regĕre, to rule.]

Regulus, reg′ū-lus, n. an intermediate and impure product in the smelting of metallic ores: antimony: the golden-crested wren.—adj. Reg′uline.—v.t. Reg′ulise. [L., 'little king.']

Regur, rē′gur, n. the rich black cotton soil of India, full of organic matter.—Also Rē′gar. [Hind.]

Regurgitate, rē-gur′ji-tāt, v.t. to throw or pour back from a deep place.—v.i. to be thrown or poured back:—pr.p. regur′gitāting; pa.p. regur′gitāted.—n. Regurgitā′tion, the act of pouring or flowing back. [O. Fr.,—Low L. regurgitāre, -ātum—re-, back, gurges, gurgitis, a gulf.]

Reh, rā, n. a saline efflorescence which comes to the surface in extensive tracts of Upper India.

Rehabilitate, rē-ha-bil′i-tāt, v.t. to reinstate, restore to former privileges.—n. Rehabilitā′tion, the act of restoring to forfeited rights or privileges. [Fr. réhabiliter—L. re-, again, habilitāre—habēre, to have.]

Rehandle, rē-hand′l, v.t. to remodel.

Rehash, rē-hash′, v.t. to hash over again.—n. something made up of materials formerly used.

Rehead, rē-hed′, v.t. to furnish with a head again.

Rehear, rē-hēr′, v.t. to hear again: to try over again, as a lawsuit.—n. Rehear′ing.

Rehearsal, rē-hėr′sal, n. act of rehearsing: recital: recital and performance for practice previous to public representation.—v.t. Rehearse′, to repeat what has already been said: to narrate: to recite before a public representation.—ns. Rehear′ser; Rehear′sing. [O. Fr. rehercer, reherser—re-, again, hercer, to harrow—herce (Fr. herse), a harrow.]

Reheat, rē-hēt, v.t. to heat anew.—n. Reheat′er, an apparatus for restoring heat to a body.

Reheel, rē-hēl′, v.t. to supply a heel to a stocking, boot, &c.

Rehibition. See Redhibition.

Rehybridise, rē-hī′bri-dīz, v.t. to cause to interbreed with a different species.

Rehypothecate, rē-hī-poth′ē-kāt, v.t. to lend as security bonds already pledged.—n. Rehypothecā′tion.

Reichsrath, rīhs′rät, n. the chief deliberative body in the western part of the Austrian Empire, excluding Hungary, which has its own parliament.

Reichstag, rīhs′täh, n. the chief deliberative body in the German Empire, exercising legislative power in conjunction with the Bundesrath: the diet of the old German Empire.

Reification, rē-if-i-kā′shun, n. materialisation.—v.t. Rē′ify, to make real or material.

Reign, rān, n. rule: dominion, as Reign of Terror: royal authority: supreme power: influence: time during which a sovereign rules.—v.i. to rule: to have sovereign power: to be predominant. [Fr. règne—L. regnum—regĕre, to rule.]

Reilluminate, rē-il-lū′min-āt, v.t. to illuminate or enlighten again.—n. Reilluminā′tion.

Reimburse, rē-im-burs′, v.t. to refund: to pay an equivalent to for loss or expense.—adj. Reimburs′able, capable of being repaid: intended to be repaid.—ns. Reimburse′ment, act of reimbursing; Reimburs′er, one who reimburses. [Fr. rembourser—re-, back, embourser, to put in a purse—bourse, a purse.]

Reimplace, rē-im-plās′, v.t. (obs.) to replace.

Reimplant, rē-im-plant′, v.t. to implant again.—n. Reimplantā′tion.

Reimport, rē-im-pōrt′, v.t. to bring back: to import again.—n. Reimportā′tion.

Reimpose, rē-im-pōz′, v.t. to retax.—n. Reimposi′tion, the act of reimposing: a tax levied anew.

Reimpress, rē-im-pres′, v.t. to impress anew.—n. Reimpres′sion, a second or repeated impression: the reprint of a work.—v.t. Reimprint′, to print again.

Reimprison, rē-im-pris′n, v.t. to imprison again.—n. Reimpris′onment.

Rein, rān, n. the strap of a bridle: an instrument for curbing or governing: government.—v.t. to govern with the rein or bridle: to restrain or control: to rein in, to curb.—v.i. to obey the rein.—ns. Rein′-hold′er, a clasp on the dash-board of a carriage for holding the reins; Rein′-hook, a hook on a gig-saddle for holding the bearing-rein.—adj. Rein′less, without rein or restraint.—n. Reins′man, a skilful driver.—Rein up, to bring a horse to a stop.—Give the reins to, to leave unchecked; Take the reins, to take the control. [O. Fr. reine (Fr. rêne), through Late L. retina, from retinēre, to hold back.]

Reinaugurate, rē-in-aw′gū-rāt, v.t. to inaugurate again or anew.

Reincarnate, rē-in-kär′nāt, v.t. to embody anew.—n. Reincarnā′tion.

Reincense, rē-in-sens′, v.t. to rekindle.

Reincite, rē-in-sīt′, v.t. to reanimate.

Reincorporate, rē-in-kor′pō-rāt, v.t. to incorporate or embody again or anew.

Reincrease, rē-in-krēs′, v.t. to augment.

Reincrudation, rē-in-krōō-dā′shun, n. recrudescence.

Reindeer, rān′dēr, n. a kind of deer in the north, valuable for the chase and for domestic uses.—n. Rein′deer-moss, a lichen, the winter food of the reindeer. [Ice. hreinn, and Eng. deer.]

Reinfect, rē-in-fekt′, v.t. to infect again.—n. Reinfec′tion.

Reinflame, rē-in-flām′, v.t. to rekindle.

Reinforce, rē-in-fōrs′, v.t. to enforce again: to strengthen with new force or support: (Spens.) to compel.—ns. Reinforce′ment, the act of reinforcing: additional force or assistance, esp. of troops; Reinfor′cer, any additional strengthening added to a thing.—adj. Reinfor′cible.

Reinform, rē-in-form′, v.t. to inform anew.

Reinfund, rē-in-fund′, v.t. to flow in again.

Reinfuse, rē-in-fūz′, v.t. to infuse again.

Reingratiate, rē-in-grā′shi-āt, v.t. to recommend again: to favour.

Reinhabit, rē-in-hab′it, v.t. to inhabit again.

Reinoculation, rē-in-ok-ū-lā′shun, n. subsequent inoculation.

Reins, rānz, n.pl. the kidneys: the lower part of the back over the kidneys: (B.) the inward parts: the heart. [O. Fr.,—L. renes.]

Reinscribe, rē-in-skrīb′, v.t. to record a second time.

Reinsert, rē-in-sėrt′, v.t. to insert a second time.—n. Reinser′tion.

Reinspect, rē-in-spekt′, v.t. to inspect again.—n. Reinspec′tion.

Reinspire, rē-in-spīr′, v.t. to inspire anew.

Reinstall, rē-in-stawl′, v.t. (Shak.) to put again in possession: (Milt.) to seat again.—n. Reinstal′ment.

Reinstate, rē-in-stāt′, v.t. to place in a former state.—ns. Reinstāte′ment, Reinstā′tion, act of reinstating: re-establishment.

Reinstruct, rē-in-strukt′, v.t. to instruct again.

Reinsure, rē-in-shōōr′, v.t. to insure a second time by other underwriters.—ns. Reinsur′ance; Reinsur′er.

Reintegrate, rē-in′te-grāt, v.t. to bring into harmony.—n. Reintegrā′tion.

Reinter, rē-in-ter′, v.t. to bury again.

Reinterrogate, rē-in-ter′ō-gāt, v.t. to interrogate again.—n. Reinterrogā′tion.

Reintroduce, rē-in-trō-dūs′, v.t. to introduce again.—n. Reintroduc′tion.

Reinvent, rē-in-vent′, v.t. to create anew or independently.—n. Reinven′tion.

Reinvest, rē-in-vest′, v.t. to invest again or a second time.—n. Reinvest′ment, act of reinvesting: a second investment.

Reinvestigate, rē-in-ves′ti-gāt, v.t. to investigate again.—n. Reinvestigā′tion.

Reinvigorate, rē-in-vig′or-āt, v.t. to invigorate again.—n. Reinvigorā′tion.

Reinvite, rē-in-vīt′, to repeat an invitation.—n. Reinvitā′tion.

Reinvolve, rē-in-volv′, v.t. to involve anew.

Reis, rās, n. a Portuguese money, of which 1000 make a milreis—4s. 5d. [Port., pl. of real.]

Reissue, rē-ish′ōō, v.t. to issue again.—n. a second issue.—adj. Reis′suable.

Reiter, rī′tėr, n. a German cavalry soldier. [Ger.]

Reiterate, rē-it′e-rāt, v.t. to iterate or repeat again: to repeat again and again.—adj. Reit′erant, reiterating.—adv. Reit′eratedly.—n. Reiterā′tion, act of reiterating.—adj. Reit′erātive (gram.), a word signifying repeated action.

Reject, rē-jekt′, v.t. to throw away: to refuse: to renounce: to despise.—adjs. Rejec′table, Rejec′tible.—n.pl. Rejectamen′ta, excrement.—ns. Rejec′ter, -or; Rejec′tion, act of rejecting: refusal.—adj. Rejec′tive.—n. Reject′ment. [L. rejicĕre, rejectum—re-, back, jacĕre, to throw.]

Rejoice, rē-jois′, v.i. to feel and express joy again and again: to be glad: to exult or triumph.—v.t. to make joyful: to gladden.—ns. Rejoice′ment, rejoicing; Rejoic′er; Rejoic′ing, act of being joyful: expression, subject, or experience of joy.—adv. Rejoic′ingly, with joy or exultation. [O. Fr. resjoir (Fr. réjouir)—re-, again, jouir, to enjoy—joie, joy.]

Rejoin, rē-join′, v.t. to join again: to unite what is separated: to meet again.—v.i. to answer to a reply.—ns. Rejoin′der, an answer joined on to another, an answer to a reply: (law) the defendant's answer to a plaintiff's replication; Rejoin′dūre (Shak.), a joining again.

Rejoint, rē-joint′, v.t. to joint anew: to fill up the joints of, as with mortar.

Rejolt, rē-jolt′, v.t. to shake anew.—n. a new shock.

Rejourn, rē-jurn′, v.t. (Shak.) to adjourn or postpone, to defer.—n. Rejourn′ment. [Fr. réajourner.]

Rejudge, rē-juj′, v.t. to re-examine.

Rejuvenate, rē-jōō′ve-nāt, v.t. to renew: to make young again.—n. Rejuvenā′tion.—v.i. Rejuvenesce′, to grow young again.—n. Rejuvenes′cence, growing young again: (biol.) a transformation whereby the entire protoplasm of a vegetative cell changes into a cell of a different character.—adj. Rejuvenes′cent.—v.t. Reju′venise, to rejuvenate. [L. re-, again, and juvenescent.]

Rekindle, rē-kin′dl, v.t. to kindle again: to set on fire or arouse anew.—v.i. to take fire anew.

Relais, re-lā′, n. (fort.) a walk left within a rampart to keep earth from falling into the ditch. [Fr.]

Relapse, rē-laps′, v.i. to slide, sink, or fall back: to return to a former state of practice: to backslide.—n. a falling back into a former bad state: (med.) the return of a disease after convalescence.—n. Relap′ser.—adj. Relap′sing. [L. relabi, relapsus—re-, back, labi, to slide.]

Relate, rē-lāt′, v.t. to describe: to tell: to ally by connection or kindred.—v.i. to have reference: to refer.—adj. Relā′ted, allied or connected by kindred or blood.—ns. Relā′tedness; Relā′ter, -or, one who relates; Relā′tion, act of relating or telling: recital: that which is related: mutual connection between two things, analogy: resemblance, affinity: connection by birth or marriage: a person related by blood or marriage, a relative.—adj. Relā′tional, having relation: exhibiting some relation.—ns. Relātional′ity; Relā′tionism, the doctrine that relations have a real existence; Relā′tionist; Relā′tionship; Relā′tor (law), an informant on whose behalf certain writs are issued:—fem. Relā′trix. [O. Fr.,—L. referre, relatum—re-, back, ferre, to carry.]

Relative, rel′a-tiv, adj. having relation: respecting: not absolute or existing by itself: considered as belonging to something else: (gram.) expressing relation.—n. that which has relation to something else: a relation: (gram.) a pronoun which relates to something before, called its antecedent.—adj. Relatī′val (or Rel′atival).—adv. Rel′atively.—ns. Rel′ativeness, Relativ′ity.—Relativity of human knowledge, the doctrine that the nature and extent of our knowledge is determined not merely by the qualities of the objects known, but necessarily by the conditions of our cognitive powers.

Relax, rē-laks′, v.t. to loosen one thing away from another: to slacken: to make less close, tense, or rigid: to make less severe: to relieve from attention or effort: to divert: to open or loosen, as the bowels: to make languid.—v.i. to become less close: to become less severe: to attend less.—adj. Relax′able.—ns. Relax′ant, a relaxing medicine; Relaxā′tion, act of relaxing: state of being relaxed: remission of application: unbending: looseness.—adj. Relax′ative. [Fr.,—L. relaxāre, -ātum—re-, away from, laxāre, to loosen—laxus, loose.]

Relay, rē-lā′, n. a supply of horses, &c., to relieve others on a journey: a fresh set of dogs in hunting: a shift of men: a supplementary store of anything: (electr.) an apparatus by which the current of the receiving telegraphic station is strengthened. [O. Fr. relais—relaisser—L. relaxāre, to loosen.]

Relay, rē-lā′, v.t. to lay again, as a pavement.

Release, rē-lēs′, v.t. to grant a new lease of.—ns. Releasēē′, Relessēē′, the one to whom a release is granted; Releas′or, Reless′or, one who grants a release.

Release, rē-lēs′, v.t. to let loose from: to set free: to discharge from: to relieve: to let go, give up a right to.—n. a setting free: discharge or acquittance: the giving up of a claim: liberation from pain.—adj. Releas′able.—ns. Release′ment (Milt.), act of releasing or discharging; Releas′er, -or, Reless′or, one who executes a release. [O. Fr. relaissier—L. laxāre, to relax.]

Relegate, rel′e-gāt, v.t. to send away, to consign: to exile: to dismiss: to remit.—n. Relegā′tion. [L. relegāre, -ātum—re-, away, legāre, to send.]

Relent, rē-lent′, v.i. to slacken, to soften or grow less severe: to grow tender: to feel compassion.—adj. soft-hearted: yielding.—n. (Spens.) relenting.—adjs. Relent′ing, inclining to yield: too soft; Relent′less, without relenting: without tenderness or compassion: merciless.—adv. Relent′lessly.—ns. Relent′lessness; Relent′ment, the state of relenting: relaxation: compassion. [O. Fr. ralentir, to retard—L. relentescĕre—re-, back, lentus, pliant.]

Relet, rē-let′, v.t. to let again, as a house.

Relevancy, rel′e-van-si, n. state of being relevant: pertinence: applicability: obvious relation: (Scots law) sufficiency for a decision—the arguments and evidence in point of law and of fact against and in favour of the accused—also Rel′evance.—adj. Rel′evant, bearing upon, or applying to, the purpose: pertinent: related: sufficient legally. [Fr., pr.p. of relever, to raise again—L. relevāre, to relieve.]

Relevation, rel-e-vā′shun, n. (obs.) a raising up.

Reliable, rē-lī′a-bl, adj. that may be relied upon: trustworthy.—ns. Reliabil′ity, Relī′ableness.—adv. Relī′ably.—n. Relī′ance, trust: confidence.—adj. Relī′ant, confident in one's self. [Rely.]

Relic, rel′ik, n. that which is left after loss or decay of the rest: a corpse (gener. pl.): (R.C.) any personal memorial of a reputed saint, to be held in reverence as an incentive to faith and piety: a memorial, a souvenir: a monument.—n. Rel′ic-mong′er, one who traffics in relics. [Fr. relique—L. reliquiæ—relinquĕre, relictum, to leave behind.]

Relict, rel′ikt, n. a woman surviving her husband, a widow. [L. relicta—relinquĕre.]

Relicted, rē-lik′ted, adj. (law) left bare, as land by the permanent retrocession of water.—n. Relic′tion, land left bare by water: the recession of water.

Relief, rē-lēf′, n. the removal of any evil: release from a post or duty, replacement: one who replaces another: that which relieves or mitigates: aid: assistance to a pauper, as outdoor relief: a certain fine or composition paid by the heir of a tenant at the death of the ancestor: (fine art) the projection of a sculptured design from its ground, as low relief (bas-relief, basso-rilievo), middle relief (mezzo-rilievo), and high relief (alto-rilievo), according as the carved figures project very little, in a moderate degree, or in a very considerable degree from the background: a work of art executed in relief: (her.) the supposed projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on the sinister and lower sides: the condition of land surfaces as regards elevations and depressions—as indicated in a Relief′-map, in which the form of the country is expressed by elevations and depressions of the material used.—ns. Relief′-perspec′tive, the art of applying the principles of perspective to relief in painting and sculpture, in theatrical settings, &c.; Relief′-work, public work to provide employment for the poor in times of distress.—Relief Church, a body who left the Established Church of Scotland on account of the oppressive exercise of patronage, organised in 1761, uniting with the United Secession Church in 1847 to form the United Presbyterian Church. [O. Fr. relef—relever, to raise up—L. re-, again, levāre, to raise.]

Relieve, rē-lēv′, v.t. to remove from that which weighs down or depresses: to lessen: to ease: to help: to release: to support: to mitigate: to raise the siege of: (art) to set off by contrast: (law) to redress.—adj. Reliev′able.—n. Reliev′er, one who, or that which, relieves: (slang) a garment kept for being lent out.—adj. Reliev′ing, serving to relieve: (naut.) a temporary tackle attached to the tiller of a vessel in a storm.—Relieving arch, an arch in a wall to relieve the part below it from a superincumbent weight; Relieving officer, a salaried official who superintends the relief of the poor. [O. Fr. relever, to raise again—L. relevāre—re-, again, levāre, to raise—levis, light.]

Relievo, Rilievo, rē-lyā′vō, n. See Alto-relievo, Bas-relief.

Relight, rē-līt′, v.t. and v.i. to light or take light anew.

Religion, rē-lij′un, n. the recognition of supernatural powers and of the duty lying upon man to yield obedience to these: the performance of our duties of love and obedience towards God: piety: any system of faith and worship: sense of obligation or duty.—ns. Relig′ioner, Relig′ionary.—v.t. Relig′ionise, to imbue with religion.—v.i. to make profession of religion.—ns. Relig′ionism, Religios′ity, religiousness, religious sentimentality; Relig′ionist, one attached to a religion: a bigot.—adj. Relig′ionless, having no religion.—adv. Religiō′so (mus.), in a devotional manner.—Established religion, that form which is officially recognised by the state; Natural religion, that religion which is derived from nature and not revelation; Revealed religion, that which is derived from positive revelation by divinely inspired Scripture, or otherwise. [L. religio, -onis—re-, back, ligāre, to bind.]

Religious, rē-lij′us, adj. pertaining to religion: concerned with or set apart to religion, as a religious society, religious books: pious: godly: (R.C.) bound to a monastic life: strict.—n. one bound by monastic vows.—ns. Religieuse (rė-lē-zhi-ėz′), a nun; Religieux (rė-lē-zhi-ė′), a monk.—adv. Relig′iously.—n. Relig′iousness, the state of being religious.

Relinquish, rē-ling′kwish, v.t. to abandon: to give up: to renounce a claim to.—adj. Relin′quent, relinquishing.—ns. Relin′quisher; Relin′quishment, act of giving up. [O. Fr. relinquir—L. relinquĕre, relictum—re-, away from, linquĕre, to leave.]

Reliquary, rel′i-kwā-ri, n. a small chest or casket for holding relics: (law) one who owes a balance.—Also Reliquaire′. [Fr. reliquaire; cf. Relic.]

Relique, re-lēk′, n. a relic.—n.pl. Reliquiæ (rē-lik′wi-ē), remains, esp. of fossil organisms: (archæology) artifacts, or things made or modified by human art.

Reliquidate, rē-lik′wi-dāt, v.t. to adjust anew.—n. Reliquidā′tion.

Relish, rel′ish, v.t. to like the taste of: to be pleased with: to enjoy.—v.i. to have an agreeable taste: to give pleasure.—n. an agreeable peculiar taste or quality: enjoyable quality: power of pleasing: inclination or taste for: appetite: just enough to give a flavour: a sauce.—adj. Rel′ishable. [O. Fr. relecher, to lick again, from re-, again, lecher—L. re-, again, and Old High Ger. lechōn, lick.]

Relisten, rē-lis′n, v.i. to listen again or anew.

Relive, rē-liv′, v.i. to live again.—v.t. (Spens.) to bring back to life.

Reload, rē-lōd′, v.t. to load again.

Relocate, rē-lō′kāt, v.t. to locate again.—n. Relocā′tion, the act of relocating: renewal of a lease.

Relove, rē-luv′, v.t. to love in return.

Relucent, rē-lū′sent, adj. shining: bright.

Reluctant, rē-luk′tant, adj. struggling or striving against: unwilling: disinclined.—v.i. Rēluct′, to make resistance.—ns. Reluc′tance, Reluc′tancy, state of being reluctant: unwillingness.—adv. Reluc′tantly.—v.i. Reluc′tāte, to be reluctant.—n. Reluctā′tion, repugnance. [L. reluctans, -antis, pr.p. of reluctāri—re-, against, luctāri, to struggle.]

Relume, rē-lūm′, v.t. to light anew, to rekindle:—pr.p. relūm′ing; pa.p. relūmed′.—v.t. Relū′mine (Shak.), to relume, light anew. [Fr. relumer—L. re-, again, lumen, light.]

Rely, rē-lī′, v.i. to rest or repose: to have full confidence in: to lean:—pa.t. and pa.p. relied′.—n. Relī′er. [Acc. to Skeat, compounded from re-, back, and lie, to rest. Others explain as O. Fr. relier—L. religāre, to bind back.]

Remain, rē-mān′, v.i. to stay or be left behind: to continue in the same place: to be left after or out of a greater number: to continue in an unchanged form or condition: to last.—n. stay: abode: what is left, esp. in pl. Remains′, a corpse: the literary productions of one dead.—n. Remain′der, that which remains or is left behind after the removal of a part: the balance: an interest in an estate to come into effect after a certain other event happens: that which remains of an edition when the sale of a book has practically ceased.—adj. left over. [O. Fr. remaindre—L. remanēre—re-, back, manēre, to stay.]

Remake, rē-māk′, v.t. to make anew.

Remanation, rē-ma-nā′shun, n. the act of returning: reabsorption. [L. remanāre, -ātum, to flow back.]

Remand, rē-mand, v.t. to recommit or send back.—n. state or act of being remanded or recommitted, as a prisoner.—n. Rem′anence, Rem′anency, permanence.—adj. Rem′anent, remaining: (Scot.) additional.—ns. Remanes′cence, a residuum; Rem′anet, a postponed case. [O. Fr. remander—L. remandāre—re-, back, mandāre, to order.]

Remark, rē-märk′, v.t. to mark or take notice of: to express what one thinks or sees: to say.—n. words regarding anything: notice: any distinguishing mark on an engraving or etching indicating a certain state of the plate before completion, also a print or proof bearing this special remark—also Remarque′.—adj. Remark′able, deserving remark or notice: distinguished: famous: that may excite admiration or wonder: strange: extraordinary.—n. Remark′ableness.—adv. Remark′ably.—adj. Remarked′, conspicuous: bearing a remark, as an etching.—n. Remark′er. [O. Fr. remarquer—re-, inten., marquer, to mark.]

Re-mark, rē-märk′, v.t. to mark a second time.

Remarry, rē-mar′i, v.t. to marry again.—n. Remarr′iage.

Remasticate, rē-mas′ti-kāt, v.t. to ruminate.—n. Remasticā′tion.

Remblai, rong-blā′, n. (fort.) the materials used to form the rampart and parapet: the mass of earth brought to form a railway embankment, &c. [Fr.]

Remble, rem′bl, v.t. (prov.) to remove.

Rembrandtesque, rem-bran-tesk′, adj. like Rembrandt (1607-1669), esp. in his characteristic contrast of high lights and deep shadows, and in his treatment of chiaroscuro.—Also Rem′brandtish.

Remeant, rē′mē-ant, adj. (rare) coming back. [L. remeāre—re-, back, meāre, to go.]

Remeasure, rē-mezh′ūr, v.t. (Spens.) to measure anew.

Remedy, rem′e-di, n. any medicine, appliance, or particular treatment that cures disease: that which counteracts any evil or repairs any loss—(obs.) Remēde′.—v.t. to remove, counteract, or repair:—pa.t. and pa.p. rem′edied.—adj. Remē′diable, that may be remedied: curable.—n. Remē′diableness.—adv. Remē′diably.—adj. Remē′dial, tending to remedy or remove.—adv. Remē′dially.—adjs. Remē′diāte (Shak.), remedial; Rem′ediless, without remedy: incurable.—adv. Rem′edilessly.—n. Rem′edilessness.—p.adj. Rem′edying. [O. Fr. remede—L. remedium—re-, back, medēri, to restore.]

Remember, rē-mem′bėr, v.t. to keep in mind: to recall to mind: to recollect: (B.) to meditate on: (Shak.) to mention: to bear in mind with gratitude and reverence: to attend to: to give money for service done.—adj. Remem′berable, that may be remembered.—adv. Remem′berably.—ns. Remem′berer; Remem′brance, memory: that which serves to bring to or keep in mind: a memorial: the power of remembering: the length of time a thing can be remembered; Remem′brancer, that which reminds: a recorder: an officer of exchequer.—Remember one to, to commend one to. [O. Fr. remembrer—L. rememorāre—re-, again, memorāre, to call to mind—memor, mindful.]

Remercie, Remercy, rē-mėr′si, v.t. (Spens.) to thank. [O. Fr. remercier, re-, again, mercier, to thank, merci, thanks.]

Remerge, rē-mėrj′, v.t. (Tenn.) to merge again.

Remex, rē′meks, n. one of the flight-feathers of a bird:—pl. Rem′igēs. [L., 'a rower'—remus, an oar, agĕre, to move.]

Remiform, rem′i-form, adj. shaped like an oar.—adj. Rem′igable, capable of being rowed upon. [L. remus, an oar, forma, form, agĕre, to move.]

Remigia, rē-mij′i-a, n. a genus of noctuid moths.—adj. Remig′ial.

Remigrate, rē-mī′grāt, v.i. to migrate again.—n. Remigrā′tion.

Remind, rē-mīnd′, v.t. to bring to the mind of again: to bring under the notice or consideration of.—n. Remind′er, one who, or that which, reminds.—adj. Remind′ful, tending to remind: calling to mind.

Reminiscence, rem-i-nis′ens, n. recollection: an account of what is remembered: the recurrence to the mind of the past.—n. Reminis′cent, one who calls past events to mind.—adj. capable of calling to mind.—adjs. Reminiscen′tial, Reminis′citory, tending to remind. [Fr.,—Low L. reminiscentiæ, recollections—L. reminisci, to recall to mind.]

Remiped, rem′i-ped, adj. oar-footed.—n. one of an order of insects having feet adapted for swimming. [L. remus, an oar, pes, pedis, a foot.]

Remise, rē-mīz′, v.t. to send or give back: to release, as a claim.—n. (law) return or surrender, as of a claim: an effective second thrust after the first has missed: a livery-carriage. [O. Fr.,—Low L. remissa, a pardon—L. remittĕre, remissum, to remit.]

Remiss, rē-mis′, adj. remitting in attention, &c.: negligent: not punctual: slack: not vigorous.—adj. Remiss′ful, tending to remit or forgive: lenient.—n. Remissibil′ity.—adj. Remiss′ible, that may be remitted or pardoned.—n. Remis′sion, slackening: abatement: relinquishment of a claim: release: pardon: remission of sins: the forgiveness of sins.—adj. Remiss′ive, remitting: forgiving.—adv. Remiss′ly.—n. Remiss′ness.—adj. Remiss′ory, pertaining to remission. [O. Fr. remis—L. remissus, slack—remittĕre, to remit.]

Remit, rē-mit′, v.t. to relax: to pardon: to resign: to restore: to transmit, as money, &c.: to put again in custody: to transfer from one tribunal to another: to refer for information.—v.i. to abate in force or violence:—pr.p. remit′ting; pa.t. and pa.p. remit′ted.—n. (law) a communication from a superior court to one subordinate.—ns. Remit′ment, act of remitting; Remit′tal, a remitting: surrender; Remit′tance, that which is remitted: the sending of money, &c., to a distance: also the sum or thing sent; Remittēē′, the person to whom a remittance is sent.—adj. Remit′tent, increasing and remitting, or abating alternately, as a disease.—ns. Remit′ter, one who makes a remittance; Remit′tor (law), a remitting to a former right or title—(obs.) Remit′ter. [O. Fr. remettre—L. remittĕre, remissum—re-, back, mittĕre, to send.]

Remnant, rem′nant, n. that which remains behind after a part is removed, of a web of cloth, &c.: remainder: a fragment. [O. Fr. remenant, remainder.]

Remoboth, rem′ō-both, n. a class of isolated hermit societies in Syria which would be bound by no rule, after the regulation of monasticism by Pachomius and Basil—like the Sarabaites in Egypt.

Remodel, rē-mod′l, v.t. to model or fashion anew.

Remodification, rē-mod-i-fi-kā′shun, n. the act of modifying again.—v.t. Remod′ify, to mould anew.

Remolade, rē-mo-lad′, n. a kind of salad-dressing. [Fr.]

Remoleculisation, rē-mol-ek′u-lī-zā-shun, n. a rearrangement of the molecules leading to the formation of new compounds.

Remollient, rē-mol′i-ent, adj. mollifying.

Remolten, rē-mōlt′n, p.adj. melted again.

Remonetise, rē-mon′e-tīz, v.t. to restore to circulation in the form of money.—n. Remonetisā′tion.

Remonstrance, rē-mon′strans, n. strong statement of reasons against an act: expostulation.—adj. Remon′strant, inclined to remonstrate.—n. one who remonstrates.—adv. Remon′strantly.—n.pl. Remon′strants, the Dutch Arminians whose divergence from Calvinism was expressed in five articles in the Remonstrance of 1610.—v.i. Remon′strāte, to set forth strong reasons against a measure.—n. Remonstrā′tion.—adjs. Remon′strative, Remon′stratory, expostulatory.—n. Remon′strātor.—Grand Remonstrance, a famous statement of abuses presented to Charles I. by the House of Commons in 1641. [L. re-, again, monstrāre, to point out.]

Remontant, rē-mon′tant, adj. blooming a second time.—n. a flower which blooms twice in a season.

Remora, rem′ō-ra, n. the sucking-fish, a genus not far removed from mackerel: an obstacle: a stoppage: (her.) a serpent.

Remorse, rē-mors′, n. the gnawing pain of anguish or guilt: (obs.) pity, softening.—v.t. Remord′ (obs.), to strike with remorse.—n. Remord′ency, compunction.—adj. Remorse′ful, full of remorse: compassionate.—adv. Remorse′fully.—n. Remorse′fulness, the state of being remorseful.—adj. Remorse′less, without remorse: cruel.—adv. Remorse′lessly.—n. Remorse′lessness. [O. Fr. remors (Fr. remords)—Low L. remorsus—L. remordēre, remorsum, to bite again—re-, again, mordēre, to bite.]

Remote, rē-mōt′, adj. moved back to a distance in time or place: far: distant: primary, as a cause: not agreeing: not nearly related.—adv. Remote′ly.—ns. Remote′ness; Remō′tion (Shak.), act of removing: remoteness. [Remove.]

Remould, rē-mōld′, v.t. to mould or shape anew.

Remount, rē-mownt′, v.t. and v.i. to mount again.—n. a fresh horse, or supply of horses.

Remove, rē-mōōv′, v.t. to put from its place: to take away: to withdraw: to displace: to make away with.—v.i. to go from one place to another.—n. any indefinite distance: a step in any scale of gradation, as promotion from one class to another, also a class or division: a dish to be changed while the rest remain: (Shak.) the raising of a siege, a posting-stage.—n. Removabil′ity.—adj. Remo′vable, that may be removed.—adv. Remo′vably.—n. Remo′val, the act of taking away: displacing: change of place: a euphemism for murder.—adj. Removed′ (Shak.), remote: distant by degrees of relationship.—ns. Remo′vedness (Shak.), the state of being removed: remoteness; Remo′ver, one who removes: (Bacon) an agitator.—Removal terms (Scot.), Whitsunday and Martinmas. [O. Fr.,—L. removēre, remōtum—re-, away, movēre, to move.]

Rempli, rong-plē′, adj. (her.) having another tincture than its own covering the greater part. [Fr.]

Remplissage, rong-plē-säzh′, n. padding. [Fr.]

Remunerate, rē-mū′nė-rāt, v.t. to render an equivalent for any service: to recompense.—n. Remunerabil′ity, capability of being rewarded.—adj. Remū′nerable, that may be remunerated: worthy of being rewarded.—n. Remunerā′tion, reward: recompense: requital.—adj. Remū′nerative, fitted to remunerate: lucrative: yielding due return.—n. Remū′nerativeness.—adj. Remū′neratory, giving a recompense. [L. remunerāre, -ātum—re-, in return, munerāre, to give something—munus, munĕris, a gift.]

Remurmur, rē-mur′mur, v.t. to murmur again: to repeat in low sounds.—v.i. to murmur back.

Remutation, rē-mū-tā′shun, n. alteration to a previous form.

Renaissance, re-nā′sans, n. a new birth: the period (in the 15th century) at which the revival of arts and letters took place, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the modern world—hence 'Renaissance architecture,' &c.—adj. relating to the foregoing. [Fr.; cf. Renascent.]

Renal, rē-nal, adj. pertaining to the reins or kidneys.—n. Ren, the kidney:—pl. Renes (rē′nez). [L. renalis—renes, the kidneys.]

Rename, rē-nām′, v.t. to give a new name to.

Renard=Reynard (q.v.).

Renascent, rē-nas′ent, adj. rising again into being.—ns. Renas′cence, Renas′cency, the same as Renaissance.—adj. Renas′cible, capable of being reproduced. [L. renascens, -entis, pr.p. of renasci—re-, again, nasci, to be born.]

Renate, rē-nāt′, adj. (obs.) born again: renewed.

Renavigate, re-nav′i-gāt, v.t. to navigate again.

Rencounter, ren-kownt′ėr, Rencontre, räng-kong′tr, n. a meeting in contest: a casual combat: a collision.—v.t. to encounter. [Fr. rencontre.]

Rend, rend, v.t. to tear asunder with force: to split: to tear away.—v.i. to become torn: pa.t. and pa.p. rent. [A.S. rendan, to tear.]

Render, ren′dėr, v.t. to give up: to make up: to deliver, furnish, present: to cause to become: to translate into another language: to perform officially, as judgment: to cause to be: to reproduce, as music: to clarify: to plaster without the use of lath.—n. a surrender: a payment of rent: an account given.—adj. Ren′derable.—ns. Ren′derer; Ren′dering, the act of rendering: version: translation: interpretation; Rendi′tion, the act of surrendering, as fugitives from justice: translation.—adj. Rend′ible, capable of being yielded up, or of being translated. [O. Fr. rendre—L. reddĕre—re-, away, dăre, to give.]

Rendezvous, ren′de-vōō, or räng′-, n. an appointed place of meeting, esp. for troops or ships: a place for enlistment: a refuge:—pl. Ren′dezvous.—v.i. to assemble at any appointed place. [Fr. rendez vous, render yourselves—rendre, to render.]

Renegade, ren′ē-gād, n. one faithless to principle or party: an apostate: a deserter—also Renegā′do.—n. Ren′egate, a renegade.—adj. apostate, traitorous.—n. Renegā′tion.—v.t. and v.i. Renēge′ (Shak.), to deny, disown: to revoke at cards—also Renig′ (U.S.).—n. Renē′ger (obs.). [Sp.,—Low L. renegatus—L. re-, inten., negāre, -ātum, to deny.]

Renerve, rē-nėrv′, v.t. to reinvigorate.

Renew, rē-nū′, v.t. to renovate: to transform to new life, revive: to begin again: to make again: to invigorate: to substitute: to regenerate.—v.i. to be made new: to begin again.—n. Renewabil′ity.—adj. Renew′able, that may be renewed.—ns. Renew′al, renovation: regeneration: restoration; Renew′edness; Renew′er; Renew′ing.

Renfierse, ren-fērs′, v.t. (Spens.) to reinforce.—pa.p. Renforst′.

Renidify, rē-nid′i-fī, v.i. to build another nest.—n. Renidificā′tion.

Reniform, ren′i-form, adj. (bot.) kidney-shaped. [L. renes, the kidneys, forma, form.]

Renitence, ren′i-tens, or rē-nī′tens, n. the resistance of a body to pressure: disinclination—also Ren′itency.—adj. Ren′itent. [Fr.,—L. renitens, -entis, pr.p. of reniti, to resist.]

Renne, ren, v.i. (Spens.) to run.

Rennet, ren′et, n. prepared inner membrane of a calf's stomach, used to make milk coagulate—also Runn′et.—v.t. to treat with rennet.—n. Renn′et-bag, the fourth stomach of a ruminant. [A.S. rinnan, to run; Old Dut. rinsel, curds.]

Rennet, ren′et, n. a sweet kind of apple. [O. Fr. reinette, dim. of reine, queen—L. regina, a queen; or rainette, dim. of raine, a frog—L. rana.]

Renominate, rē-nom′i-nāt, v.t. to nominate again.—n. Renominā′tion.

Renounce, rē-nowns′, v.t. to disclaim: to disown: to reject publicly and finally: to forsake.—v.i. to fail to follow suit at cards.—n. a failure to follow suit at cards.—ns. Renounce′ment, act of renouncing, disclaiming, or rejecting; Renoun′cer. [O. Fr.,—L. renuntiāre—re-, away, nuntiāre, -ātum, to announce—nuntius, a messenger.]

Renovate, ren′ō-vāt, v.t. to renew or make new again: to restore to the original state.—ns. Renovā′tion, renewal: state of being renewed: (theol.) regeneration: Renovā′tionist, one who believes in the improvement of society by the spiritual renovation of the individual; Ren′ovātor. [L. re-, again, novāre, -ātum, to make new—novus, new.]

Renown, rē-nown′, n. a great name: celebrity: éclat.—v.t. to make famous.—adj. Renowned′, celebrated: illustrious: famous.—adv. Renown′edly.—n. Renown′er, one who gives renown: a swaggerer.—adj. Renown′less. [O. Fr. renoun (Fr. renom)—L. re-, again, nomen, a name.]

Rent, rent, n. an opening made by rending: fissure: break: tear: a schism, as a rent in a church. [Rend.]

Rent, rent, n. annual payment in return for the use of property held of another, esp. houses and lands: revenue.—v.t. to hold or occupy by paying rent: to let, or to hire, for a rent.—v.i. to be let for rent: to endow.—adj. Rent′able.—ns. Rent′al, a schedule or account of rents, with the tenants' names, &c.: a rent-roll: rent; Rent′aller; Rent′-charge, a rent on a conveyance of land in fee simple; Rent′-day, the day on which rents are paid; Rente (Fr.), annual income; Rent′er, one who holds by paying rent for; Rent′er-ward′en, the warden of a company who receives rents.—adj. Rent′-free, without payment of rent.—ns. Rent′-gath′erer, a collector of rents; Rent′-roll, a roll or account of rents: a rental or schedule of rents. [Fr. rente—L. reddita (pecunia), money paid—reddĕre, to pay.]

Rent, rent, pa.t. and pa.p. of rend.

Renter, ren′tėr, v.t. to sew together edge to edge, without doubling.—n. Rent′erer. [Fr. rentraire, to sew together.]

Rentier, rong-tyā′, n. one who has a fixed income from stocks, &c.: a fund holder.

Renuent, ren′ū-ent, adj. (anat.) applied to muscles which throw back the head. [L. renuens, pr.p. of renuĕre, to nod the head.]

Renule, ren′ūl, n. a small kidney. [L. ren, kidney.]

Renumber, rē-num′bėr, v.t. to affix a new number.—v.t. Renū′merāte, to count again.

Renunciation, re-nun-si-ā′shun, n. disowning: rejection: abandonment: (law) the legal act by which a person abandons a right acquired, but without transferring it to another: in the Anglican baptismal service, the part in which the candidate in person or by his sureties renounces the devil and all his works.—n. Renun′ciance, renunciation.—adj. Renun′ciātory.—Renunciation of a lease, the surrender of a lease. [Renounce.]

Renverse, ren-vėrs′, v.t. (Spens.) to reverse: to upset.—adj. (her.) reversed.—n. Renverse′ment.

Renvoy, ren-voi′, v.t. (obs.) to send back.—Also n.

Reobtain, rē-ob-tān′, v.t. to obtain again.—adj. Reobtain′able.

Reoccupy, rē-ok′ū-pī, v.t. to occupy anew.—n. Reoccupā′tion.

Reopen, rē-ō′pn, v.t. and v.i. to open again.

Reoppose, rē-ō-pōz′, v.t. to oppose again.

Reordain, rē-or-dān′, v.t. to ordain again, when the first ordination is defective.—n. Reordinā′tion, a second ordination.

Reorder, rē-or′dėr, v.t. to repeat a command: to arrange anew.

Reorganise, rē-or′gan-īz, v.t. to organise anew: to rearrange.—n. Reorganisā′tion, the act of reorganising, as of troops.

Reorient, rē-ō′ri-ent, adj. arising again.

Reossify, rē-os′i-fī, v.t. to ossify again.

Rep, Repp, rep, n. a kind of cloth having a finely corded surface. [Prob. a corruption of rib.]

Rep, rep, n. a slang abbreviation of reputation.

Repace, rē-pās′, v.t. to pace again, retrace.

Repacify, rē-pas′i-fī, v.t. to pacify again.

Repack, rē-pak′, v.t. to pack a second time.—n. Repack′er.

Repaid, rē-pād′, pa.t. and pa.p. of repay.

Repaint, rē-pānt′, v.t. to paint anew.

Repair, rē-pār′, v.i. to betake one's self to: to go: to resort.—n. a retreat or abode. [O. Fr. repairer, to return to a haunt—Low L. répatriāre, to return to one's country—L. re-, back, patria, native country.]

Repair, rē-pār′, v.t. to restore after injury: to make amends for: to make good, as a loss: to mend: (Spens.) to recover into position, as a weapon.—n. restoration after injury or decay: supply of loss.—ns. Repair′er, one who restores or amends; Repair′ment; Reparabil′ity.—adj. Rep′arable, that may be repaired.—adv. Rep′arably.—n. Reparā′tion, repair: supply of what is wasted: amends.—adj. Repar′ative, amending defect or injury.—n. that which restores to a good state: that which makes amends. [O. Fr. reparer—L. reparāre—re-, again, parāre, to prepare.]

Repand, rē-pand′, adj. bent or curved backward or upward: (bot.) of leaves with uneven, slightly sinuous margin.—adjs. Repandoden′tāte, repand and toothed; Repand′ous, curved convexly upward. [L. repandus—re-, back, pandus, bent.]

Repart, rē-part′, v.t. to divide, share.

Repartee, rep-ar-tē′, n. a smart, ready, and witty reply.—v.i. to make witty replies. [O. Fr. repartie—repartir, to go back again—re-, back, partir, to set out—L. partīri, to divide.]

Repartimiento, re-pär-ti-mi-en′tō, n. a division: an assessment: allotment. [Sp.]

Repartition, rē-par-tish′un, n. a second partition: a division into smaller parts.

Repass, rē-pas′, v.t. to pass again: to travel back.—v.i. to pass or move back.—n. Repass′age, the process of passing a second coat of glue as a finish over unburnished surfaces.

Repassion, rē-pash′un, n. the reception of an effect from one body to another.

Repast, rē-past′, n. a meal: the food taken: victuals: repose—(obs.) Repas′ture.—v.t. to feed.—v.i. to take food.—n. Repast′er, one who takes repast. [O. Fr.,—Low L. repastus (whence Fr. repas)—L. re-, inten. pastus, food—pascĕre, pastum, to feed.]

Repastination, rē-pas-tin-ā′shun, n. (obs.) a second digging up, as of a garden.

Repatriate, rē-pā′tri-āt, v.t. to restore to one's country.—n. Repatriā′tion.

Repay, rē-pā′, v.t. to pay back: to make return for: to recompense: to pay again or a second time.—v.i. to requite.—adj. Repay′able, that is to be repaid: due, as a bill due in thirty days.—n. Repay′ment, act of repaying: the money or thing repaid.

Repeal, rē-pēl′, v.t. to revoke by authority, as a law: to abrogate: to recall: to dismiss.—n. a revoking or annulling.—ns. Repealabil′ity, Repeal′ableness.—adj. Repeal′able, that may be repealed.—ns. Repeal′er, one who repeals: one who seeks for a repeal, esp. of the union between Great Britain and Ireland; Repeal′ment, recall.—Repeal agitation, a movement for the repeal of the legislative union between Great Britain and Ireland. [O. Fr. rapeler—re-, back, apeler—L. appellāre, to call.]

Repeat, rē-pēt′, v.t. to do again: to speak again, to iterate: to quote from memory: to rehearse: (Scots law) to refund.—v.i. to strike the hours, as a watch: to recur: the act of repeating.—n. (mus.) a part performed a second time: a mark directing a part to be repeated.—adjs. Repeat′able; Repeat′ed, done again: frequent.—adv. Repeat′edly, many times repeated: again and again: frequently.—ns. Repeat′er, one who, or that which, repeats: a decimal in which the same figure or figures are continually repeated: a watch that strikes again the previous hour at the touch of a spring: a frigate appointed to attend an admiral in a fleet, and to repeat any signal he makes: (teleg.) an instrument for automatically retransmitting a message: in calico-printing, a figure repeated at equal intervals in a pattern; Repeat′ing, the fraud of voting at an election for the same candidate more than once.—Repeating firearm, a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick succession; Repeat one's self, to say again what one has said already; Repeat signals, to repeat those of the senior officer: to make a signal again. [O. Fr. repeter (Fr. répéter)—L. repetĕre, repetitum—re-, again, petĕre, to seek.]

Repel, rē-pel′, v.t. to drive back: to repulse: to check the advance of, to resist.—v.i. to act with opposing force: (med.) to check or drive inwards:—pr.p. repel′ling; pa.t. and pa.p. repelled′.—ns. Repel′lence, Repel′lency.—adj. Repel′lent, driving back: able or tending to repel.—n. that which repels.—n. Repel′ler.—adj. Repel′less. [O. Fr.,—L. repellĕre—re-, back, pellĕre, to drive.]

Repent, rē-pent′, v.i. to regret or sorrow for what one has done or left undone: to change from past evil: (theol.) to feel such sorrow for sin as produces newness of life.—v.t. to remember with sorrow—often used impersonally, as 'it repenteth me.'—adj. Repent′able.—n. Repent′ance, sorrow for what has been done or left undone: contrition for sin, producing newness of life.—adj. Repent′ant, repenting or sorry for past conduct: showing sorrow for sin.—n. a penitent.—adv. Repent′antly.—n. Repent′er.—adv. Repent′ingly.—adj. Repent′less. [O. Fr. repentir—re-, and O. Fr. pentir—L. pœnitēre, to cause to repent.]

Repent, rē′pent, adj. (bot.) creeping. [L. repĕre, to creep.]

Repeople, rē-pē′pl, v.t. to people anew.

Repercept, rē-pėr-sept′, n. a represented percept.—n. Repercep′tion.

Repercolation, rē-pėr-ko-lā′shun, n. in pharmacy, the successive application of the same menstruum to fresh parts of the substance to be percolated.

Repercussion, rē-pėr-kush′un, n. a striking or driving back: reverberation: (mus.) frequent repetition of the same sound.—v.t. Repercuss′.—adj. Repercuss′ive, driving back: causing to reverberate. [L. repercussio—re-, back, percutĕre—per, through, quatĕre, to strike.]

Repertoire, rep′ėr-twor, n. the list of musical works which a performer is ready to perform.

Repertor, rē-pėr′tor, n. a finder.

Repertory, rep′ėr-tō-ri, n. a place where things are kept to be brought forth again: a treasury: a magazine. [Fr.,—Low L. repertorium—L. reperīre, to find—re-, again, parĕre, to bring forth.]

Reperuse, rē-pėr-ūz′, v.t. to peruse again.—n. Reperūs′al.

Repet=L. repetatur, used in prescriptions=Let it be repeated.

Repetition, rep-ē-tish′un, n. act of repeating: recital from memory.—ns. Rep′etend, that part of a repeating decimal which recurs continually: the burden of a song; Repetent′, a tutor or private teacher in Germany.—adjs. Repeti′tional, Repeti′tionary.—n. Repeti′tioner.—adj. Repeti′tious, using undue repetitions.—n. Repeti′tiousness.—adj. Repet′itive.—n. Repet′itor, a repetent.

Repine, rē-pīn′, v.i. to fret one's self (with at or against): to feel discontent: to murmur: to envy.—n. (Shak.) a repining.—ns. Repī′ner; Repī′ning, the act of one who repines: (Spens.) a failing, as of courage.—adv. Repī′ningly.

Repique, rē-pēk′, n. at piquet, the winning of thirty points or more from combinations or in one's own hand, before playing begins.—v.t. to score a repique.

Replace, rē-plās′, v.t. to place back: to put again in a former place, condition, &c.: to repay: to provide a substitute for: to take the place of.—adj. Replace′able.—ns. Replace′ment, act of replacing: the removal of an edge of crystal, by one plane or more; Replac′er, a substitute; Car′-replac′er, a device on American railways for replacing derailed wheels on the track.—Replacing switch, a pair of iron plates fitting over the rails, used as a bridge to replace on the track derailed railway stock.

Replait, rē-plāt′, v.t. to plait or fold again.

Replant, rē-plant′, v.t. to plant anew: to reinstate.—adj. Replant′able.—n. Replantā′tion.

Replead, rē-plēd′, v.t. and v.i. to plead again.—n. Replead′er, a second course allowed for the correction of mispleading.

Repledge, rē-plej′, v.t. to pledge again: to demand judicially.—n. Repled′ger.

Replenish, rē-plen′ish, v.t. to fill again: to fill completely: to stock abundantly.—p.adj. Replen′ished (Shak.), complete, consummate.—ns. Replen′isher, one who replenishes: (electr.) a static induction machine used for maintaining the charge of a quadrant electrometer; Replen′ishment. [O. Fr. replenir, from replein, full—re-, again, plenus, full.]

Replete, rē-plēt′, adj. full: completely filled, abounding.—v.t. to fill to repletion.—ns. Replete′ness, Replē′tion, superabundant fullness: surfeit: (med.) fullness of blood: plethora.—adj. Replē′tive.—adv. Replē′tively.—adj. Replē′tory. [O. Fr.,—L. repletus, pa.p. of replēre—re-, again, plēre, to fill.]

Replevy, rē-plev′i, v.t. (law) to recover goods distrained upon giving a pledge or security to try the right to them at law.—n. replevin.—adjs. Replev′iable, Replev′isable.—ns. Replev′in, an action for replevying; Replev′isor, a plaintiff in replevin. [O. Fr. replevir—re-, back, plevir, to pledge.]

Replica, rep′li-ka, n. (paint.) a copy of a picture done by the same hand that did the original: (mus.) the same as repeat. [It.,—L. replicāre, to repeat.]

Replicant, rep′li-kant, n. one who makes a reply.

Replicate, rep′li-kāt, adj. folded: (bot.) folded outward as in vernation, inward as in æstivation: (mus.) a tone one or more octaves from a given tone.—adj. Rep′licātile.—n. Replicā′tion.—adj. Rep′licātive.

Replier, rē-plī′ėr, n. a respondent.

Replum, rep′lum, n. (bot.) the frame-like placenta across which the septum stretches.

Replume, rē-plōōm′, v.t. to preen, as feathers.

Replunge, rē-plunj′, v.t. to immerse anew.

Reply, rē-plī′, v.t. to fold back: to answer.—v.i. to make response: to meet an attack, as to reply to the enemy's fire—(law) to a defendant's plea.—n. an answer: the power of answering: a counter-attack: (mus.) the answer of a figure.—ns. Rep′licant; Replicā′tion, a reply: repetition: (law) the plaintiff's answer to a plea.—adj. Replicā′tive. [O. Fr. replier—L. replicāre, re-, back, plicāre, to fold.]

Repolish, rē-pol′ish, v.t. to polish again.

Repone, rē-pōn′, v.t. to replace: to reply. [O. Fr.,—L. reponĕre, re-, back, ponĕre, to put.]

Repopulate, rē-pop′ū-lāt, v.t. to repeople.—n. Repopulā′tion.

Report, rē-pōrt′, v.t. to bring back, as an answer or account of anything: to give an account of: to relate: to circulate publicly: to write down or take notes of, esp. for a newspaper: to lay a charge against: to echo back.—v.i. to make a statement: to write an account of occurrences.—n. a statement of facts: description: a formal or official statement, esp. of a judicial opinion or decision: rumour: sound: noise: (B.) repute: hearsay: reputation.—adj. Report′able, fit to be reported on.—ns. Report′age, report; Report′er, one who reports, esp. for a newspaper; Report′erism, the business of reporting; Report′ing, the act of drawing up reports—newspaper reporting.—adv. Report′ingly (Shak.), by common report.—adj. Reportō′rial.—Report one's self, to give information about one's self, one's whereabouts, &c.—Be reported of, to be spoken well or ill of. [O. Fr.,—L. reportāre—re-, back, portāre, to carry.]

Repose, rē-pōz′, v.t. to lay at rest: to compose: to place in trust (with on or in): to deposit: to tranquillise.—v.i. to rest: to sleep: to rest in confidence (with on or upon): to lie.—n. a lying at rest: sleep: quiet: rest of mind: (fine art) that harmony which gives rest to the eye.—n. Repō′sal (Shak.), the act of reposing: that on which one reposes.—adj. Repōsed′, calm: settled.—adv. Repō′sedly.—n. Repō′sedness.—adj. Repōse′ful.—n. Repō′ser.—v.t. Repos′it, to lodge, as for safety—also n.—ns. Repōsi′tion, reduction; Repos′itor, an instrument for restoring a displaced organ; Repos′itory, a place where anything is laid up for safe keeping: a place where things are kept for sale: a shop. [Fr. reposer—re-, back, poser, to pose.]

Repossess, rē-poz-zes′, v.t. to possess again: to regain possession of.—n. Reposses′sion.

Reposure, rē-pō′zhur, n. quiet repose.

Repot, rē-pot′, v.t. to shift plants from pot to pot.

Repour, rē-pōr′, v.i. to pour again.

Repoussage, rē-pōō′säj, n. the hammering from behind of ornamental patterns upon a metal plate: or of etched plates making hollows which would show as spots in printing.

Repoussé, rē-pōō′sā, adj. raised in relief by means of the hammer.—Repoussé work, vessels ornamented by hammering on the reverse side.

Repped, rept, adj. corded transversely. [Rep.]

Reprehend, rep-rē-hend′, v.t. to blame: to reprove.—n. Reprehen′der.—adj. Reprehen′sible, worthy of being reprehended or blamed.—n. Reprehen′sibleness.—adv. Reprehen′sibly, culpably.—n. Reprehen′sion, reproof: censure.—adj. Reprehen′sive, containing reproof: given in reproof.—adv. Reprehen′sively.—adj. Reprehen′sory. [O. Fr.,—L. reprehendĕre, -hensum—re-, inten., prehendĕre, to lay hold of.]

Represent, rep-rē-zent′, v.t. to exhibit the image of: to serve as a sign of: to personate or act the part of: to stand in the place of: to bring before the mind: to describe: to portray: to exemplify.—n. Representabil′ity.—adj. Represent′able, that may be represented.—ns. Representā′men, representation; Represent′ance (obs.), likeness.—adj. Represent′ant, having vicarious power.—n. Representā′tion, act of representing or exhibiting: that which represents: an image: picture: dramatic performance: part performed by a representative: share, participation: statement: delegation.—adj. Representā′tional.—ns. Representā′tionism, the doctrine of Descartes, that in the perception of the external world the immediate object represents another object beyond the sphere of consciousness; Representā′tionist.—adj. Represent′ative, representing: showing a likeness: bearing the character or power of others: replacing: presenting the full character of a class: (logic) mediately known.—n. one who stands for another, a deputy, delegate: (law) an heir.—adv. Represent′atively.—ns. Represent′ativeness; Represent′er; Represent′ment.—Representative faculty, the imagination.—House of Representatives, the lower branch of the United States Congress, consisting of members chosen biennially by the people. [O. Fr.,—L. repræsentāre, -ātum—re-, again, præsentāre, to place before.]

Repress, rē-pres′, v.t. to restrain, quell—also n.—ns. Repress′er, -or.—adj. Repress′ible, that may be restrained.—adv. Repress′ibly.—n. Repres′sion, act of repressing.—adj. Repress′ive, tending or able to repress.—adv. Repress′ively.

Repress, rē-pres′, v.t. to press a second time.—n. Repress′ing-machine′, a machine for making pressed bricks: a press for compressing cotton bales.

Reprief, rē-prēf, n. (Spens.) reproof.

Reprieve, rē-prēv′, v.t. to delay the execution of a criminal: to give a respite to: (obs.) acquit, release.—n. a suspension of a criminal sentence: interval of ease or relief.—n. Repriev′al. [O. Fr. reprover (Fr. réprouver)—L. reprobāre, to reprove.]

Reprimand, rep′ri-mand, or -mand′, n. a severe reproof.—v.t. to chide: to reprove severely: to administer reproof publicly or officially. [O. Fr.,—L. reprimendum—reprimĕre, repressum, to press back—re-, back, primĕre, to press.]

Reprimer, rē-prī′mėr, n. an instrument for setting a cap upon a cartridge shell.

Reprint, rē-print′, v.t. to print again: to print a new impression of: printed matter from some other publication.—n. Rē′print, another impression of a printed book or paper.

Reprisal, rē-prī′zal, n. a seizing back or in retaliation: the retaking of goods captured by an enemy: anything seized, or inflicted, in retaliation: that which is seized for injury inflicted: (rare) a restitution. [O. Fr. represaille—It. ripresaglia—ripreso (Fr. reprise), retaken—L. re-pre(he)ndĕre, to seize again.]

Reprise, rē-prīz′, v.t. (Spens.) to take again, retake.—n. in maritime law, a ship recaptured from an enemy: in masonry, the return of a moulding in an internal angle: (law) yearly deductions, as annuities, &c.: (mus.) the act of repeating a passage. [Fr. reprise—reprendre—L. reprehendĕre.]

Reprive, rē-prīv′, v.t. (Spens.) to deprive, take away.

Reproach, rē-prōch′, v.t. to cast in one's teeth: to censure severely: to upbraid: to revile: to treat with contempt.—n. the act of reproaching: reproof: censure: blame in opprobrious language: disgrace: occasion of blame: an object of scorn.—adj. Reproach′able, deserving reproach: opprobrious.—n. Reproach′ableness.—adv. Reproach′ably.—n. Reproach′er.—adj. Reproach′ful, full of reproach or blame: abusive: scurrilous: bringing reproach: shameful: disgraceful.—adv. Reproach′fully.—n. Reproach′fulness.—adj. Reproach′less, without reproach.—The Reproaches, antiphons chanted in R.C. churches on Good Friday after the prayers which succeed the Gospel of the Passion, their subject the ingratitude of the Jews in rejecting and crucifying Christ. [Fr. reprocher—re-, back, proche, near—L. propius, comp. of prope, near.]

Reprobate, rep′rō-bāt, adj. condemned: base: given over to sin: depraved: vile: (B.) that will not stand proof or trial: (Sterne) condemnatory.—n. an abandoned or profligate person: one lost to shame.—v.t. to disapprove: to censure: to disown.—ns. Rep′rōbācy, state of being a reprobate; Rep′robance (Shak.), reprobation; Rep′robāteness; Rep′robāter; Reprobā′tion, the act of reprobating: rejection: the act of abandoning to destruction: state of being so abandoned: the doctrine of the fore-ordination of the impenitent to eternal perdition: (mil.) disqualification to bear office; Reprobā′tioner, one who maintains the doctrine of reprobation by divine decree.—adj. Reprobā′tive, criminatory.—n. Rep′robātor (Scots law), an old form of action to prove a witness to be perjured or biassed.—adj. Rep′robātory, reprobative. [L. reprobatus, pa.p. of reprobāre, to reprove.]

Reproduce, rē-prō-dūs′, v.t. to produce again: to form anew: to propagate: to represent.—n. Reprodū′cer, one who reproduces: the diaphragm used in producing speech in the phonograph.—adj. Reprodū′cible.—n. Reproduc′tion, the act of producing new organisms—the whole process whereby life is continued from generation to generation: repetition.—adj. Reproduc′tive, tending to reproduce.—ns. Reproduc′tiveness, Reproductiv′ity.—adj. Reproduc′tory.—Reproductive faculty, the faculty of the association of ideas; Reproductive organs (bot.), the organs appropriate to the production of seeds or spines: (zool.) the generative system.

Repromission, rē-prō-mish′un, n. (obs.) a promise.

Repromulgate, rē-prō-mul′gāt, v.t. to republish.—n. Repromulgā′tion.

Reproof, rē-prōōf′, n. a reproving or blaming: rebuke: censure: reprehension.—adj. Reprovable (-ōōv′-), deserving reproof, blame, or censure.—n. Reprov′ableness.—adv. Reprov′ably.—n. Repro′val, the act of reproving: reproof.—v.t. Reprove′, to condemn: to chide: to convict: to censure: to disprove or refute.—ns. Repro′ver; Repro′ving.—adv. Repro′vingly. [O. Fr. reprover (Fr. réprouver)—L. reprobāre, the opposite of approbāre (cf. Approve)—re-, off, probāre, to try.]

Reprune, rē-prōōn′, v.t. to trim again.

Reptant, rep′tant, adj. crawling: pertaining to the Reptantia, those gasteropod mollusca adapted for crawling.—n. Reptā′tion, the act of creeping: (math.) the motion of one plane figure around another, so that the longest diameter of one shall come into line with the shortest of the other.—adjs. Reptatō′rial, creeping or crawling; Rep′tatory (zool.), creeping.

Reptile, rep′tīl, adj. moving or crawling on the belly or with very short legs: grovelling: low.—n. an animal that moves or crawls on its belly or with short legs: an oviparous quadruped: one of the class of Reptil′ia (n.pl.) occupying a central position in the Vertebrate series, beneath them Amphibians and Fishes, above them Birds and Mammals: a grovelling, low person.—adjs. Reptil′ian, belonging to reptiles; Reptilif′erous, producing reptiles; Reptil′iform, related to reptiles; Reptil′ious, like a reptile.—n. Reptil′ium, a place where reptiles are kept.—adjs. Reptiliv′orous, feeding upon reptiles; Rep′tiloid, reptile form.—Reptilian age (geol.), the Mesozoic age, during which reptiles attained great development. [Fr.,—L. reptilis—repĕre, to creep.]

Republic, rē-pub′lik, n. a commonwealth: a form of government without a monarch, in which the supreme power is vested in representatives elected by the people.—adj. Repub′lican, belonging to a republic: agreeable to the principles of a republic.—n. one who advocates a republican form of government: a democrat: one of the two great political parties in the United States, opposed to the Democrats, favouring a high protective tariff, a liberal expenditure, and an extension of the powers of the national government.—v.t. Repub′licanise.—n. Repub′licanism, the principles of republican government: attachment to republican government.—n. Republicā′rian.—Republic of Letters, a name for the general body of literary and learned men.—Republican era, the era adopted by the French after the downfall of the monarchy, beginning with 22d September 1792.—Red republican, a violent republican, from the red cap affected by such. [Fr. république—L. respublica, commonwealth.]

Republish, rē-pub′lish, v.t. to publish again or anew.—ns. Republicā′tion, act of republishing: that which is republished, esp. a reprint of a book, &c.: a second publication of a former will; Repub′lisher.

Repudiate, rē-pū′di-āt, v.t. to reject: to disclaim, as liability for debt: to disavow: to divorce.—adj. Repū′diable, that may be repudiated: fit to be rejected.—ns. Repudiā′tion, the act of repudiating: rejection: an unprincipled method for the extinction of a debt by simply refusing to acknowledge the obligation: the state of being repudiated; Repudiā′tionist; Repū′diātor. [L. repudiāre, -ātum—repudium—re-, away, pudēre, to be ashamed.]

Repugn, rē-pūn′, v.t. (Shak.) to fight against, to oppose.—adj. Repugnable (rē-pū′-, or rē-pug′-na-bl), capable of being resisted.—ns. Repugnance (rē-pug′-, like all the succeeding words), the state of being repugnant: resistance: aversion: reluctance; Repug′nancy.—adj. Repug′nant, hostile: adverse: contrary: distasteful: at variance.—adv. Repug′nantly.—n. Repug′nantness.—v.t. Repug′nate, to oppose: to fight against.—adj. Repugnatō′rial, serving as a means of defence.—n. Repugner (rē-pū′nėr), one who rebels. [Fr.,—L. repugnāre—re-, against, pugnāre, to fight.]

Repullulate, rē-pul′ū-lāt, v.i. to sprout again.—n. Repullulā′tion.—adj. Repullules′cent.

Repulpit, rē-pōōl′pit, v.t. to restore to the pulpit.

Repulse, rē-puls′, v.t. to drive back: to repel: to beat off: to refuse, reject.—n. the state of being repulsed or driven back: the act of repelling: refusal.—ns. Repul′ser; Repul′sion, act of repulsing or driving back: state of being repelled: aversion: the action by which bodies or their particles repel each other.—adj. Repul′sive, that repulses or drives off: repelling: cold, reserved, forbidding: causing aversion and disgust.—adv. Repul′sively.—n. Repul′siveness.—adj. Repul′sory. [L. repulsus, pa.p. of repellĕre—re-, back, pellĕre, to drive.]

Repurchase, rē-pur′chās, v.t. to purchase or buy back or again.—n. the act of buying again: that which is bought again.

Repurge, rē-purj′, v.t. to cleanse again.

Repurify, rē-pū′ri-fī, v.t. to purify again.

Reputation, rep-ū-tā′shun, n. state of being held in repute: estimation: character in public opinion: credit: fame.—adj. Rep′ūtable, in good repute: respectable: honourable: consistent with reputation.—n. Rep′ūtableness.—adv. Rep′ūtably.—adj. Rep′ūtātive, reputed: putative.—adv. Rep′ūtātively, by repute. [Fr.,—L. reputation-em, consideration—re-putāre, to think over.]

Repute, rē-pūt′, v.t. to account or estimate: to hold.—n. estimate: established opinion: character.—adv. Repūt′edly, in common repute or estimation.—adj. Repute′less (Shak.), without good repute, disreputable.—Reputed owner, a person who has to all appearance the title to the property. [Fr.,—L. reputāre, -ātum—re-, again, putāre, to reckon.]

Requere, rē-kwēr′, v.t. (Spens.) to require.

Request, rē-kwest′, v.t. to ask for earnestly: to entreat: to desire.—n. petition: prayer: desire: demand: that which is requested: a want: a question: the state of being desired.—n. Request′er.—Request note, in the inland revenue, an application to obtain a permit for removing excisable articles: programme.—Court of Requests, a former Court of Equity in England, inferior to the Court of Chancery, abolished in 1641: a local tribunal instituted in London by Henry VIII. for the recovery of small debts—called also Court of Conscience: Letters of Request, the formal instrument by which in English ecclesiastical law an inferior judge waives his jurisdiction over a cause, and refers it to a higher court. [O. Fr. requeste (Fr. requête)—L. requisitum, pa.p. of requirĕre—re-, away, quærĕre, to seek.]

Requicken, rē-kwik′n, v.t. to give new life to.

Requiem, rē′kwi-em, n. a hymn or mass sung for the rest of the soul of the dead: a grand musical composition in honour of the dead: (obs.) rest, peace.—n. Requies′cence, repose.—Requiescat in pace, may he (or she) rest in peace, often abbreviated R.I.P. [L., accus. of requies—(re-, inten., quies, rest); so called from the initial words of the introit, Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine! 'Give eternal rest to them, O Lord!']

Require, rē-kwīr′, v.t. to ask: to demand: to need: to exact: to direct.—adj. Requir′able, that may be required: fit or proper to be required.—ns. Require′ment, act of requiring: claim: demand; Requir′er; Requir′ing. [Fr.,—L. requirĕre.]

Requisite, rek′wi-zit, adj. required: needful: indispensable.—n. that which is required: anything necessary or indispensable.—adv. Req′uisitely.—ns. Req′uisiteness, state of being requisite; Requisi′tion, the act of requiring: an application—for a public meeting, for a person to become a candidate for Parliament, &c.: a demand, as for necessaries for a military force: a written request or invitation.—v.t. to make a requisition or demand upon, to seize.—n. Requisi′tionist, one who makes a requisition.—adj. Requis′itive.—n. Requis′itor.—adj. Requis′itory.—n. Requis′itum, that which a problem asks for.

Requite, rē-kwīt′, v.t. to repay: to retaliate.—adjs. Requit′ (Spens.), requited, returned; Requī′table.—ns. Requī′tal, the act of requiting: payment in return: recompense: reward; Requite′, requital.—adjs. Requite′ful; Requite′less, without requital: free.—ns. Requite′ment; Requī′ter.

Rerail, rē-rāl′, v.t. to replace on the rails.

Reread, rē-rēd′, v.t. to read again.

Rerebrace, rēr′brās, n. the armour of the upper arm from shoulder to elbow.—Also Arrière-bras.

Rerebrake, rēr-brāk′, n. an appurtenance of a mounted warrior in the fifteenth century.

Reredos, rēr′dos, n. the wall or screen at the back of an altar, usually in the form of a screen detached from the east wall, adorned with niches, statues, &c., or with paintings or tapestry: the back of an open fire-hearth, in medieval halls. [O. Fr., rere, rear, dos—L. dorsum, back.]

Rerefief, rēr′fēf, n. (Scot.) an under-fief.

Re-reiterated, rē-rē-it′ėr-āt-ed, p.adj. (Tenn.) reiterated or repeated again and again.

Reremouse, rēr′mows, n. a bat. [A.S. hréremús—hréran, to move, mús, a mouse.]

Reresupper, rēr′sup-ėr, n. a late supper.

Rereward. Same as Rearward.

Res, rēz, n. a thing, a point.—Res angusta domi, straitened circumstances; Res gestæ, things done; Res judicāta, a matter decided.

Resail, rē-sāl′, v.i. to sail back.

Resale, rē-sāl′, n. a second sale.

Resalute, rē-sa-lūt′, v.t. to salute anew or in return.

Resaw, rē-saw′, v.t. to saw into still thinner pieces.

Rescind, rē-sind′, v.t. to cut away or off: to annul: to repeal: to reverse.—adj. Rescind′able.—ns. Rescind′ment; Rescis′sion, the act of rescinding: the act of annulling or repealing.—adj. Rescis′sory.—Rescissory actions (law), those actions whereby deeds are declared void. [Fr.,—L. rescindĕre, rescissum—re-, back, scindĕre, to cut.]

Rescore, rē-skōr′, v.t. to rearrange music for voices and instruments.

Rescribe, rē-skrīb′, v.t. to write again.—n. Rescrib′endāry, a papal official who determines what documents are to be copied and registered, &c.

Rescript, rē′skript, n. the official answer of a pope or an emperor to any legal question: an edict or decree.—n. Rescrip′tion, the answering of a letter.—adj. Rescrip′tive.—adv. Rescrip′tively. [Fr.,—L. rescriptum—re-, back, scribĕre, scriptum, to write.]

Rescue, res′kū, v.t. to free from danger or violence: to deliver: to liberate:—pr.p. res′cūing; pa.t. and pa.p. res′cūed.—n. the act of rescuing: deliverance from violence or danger: forcible release from arrest or imprisonment.—adj. Res′cuable.—ns. Res′cuer; Rescūssēē′, the party rescued; Rescus′sor, one who makes an unlawful rescue. [M. E. rescous, a rescue—O. Fr. rescousse—rescourre—L. re-, away, excutĕre, to shake out—ex, out, quatĕre, to shake.]

Rescue-grass, res′kū-gras, n. a species of brome-grass, native to South America.

Research, rē-sėrch′, n. a careful search: diligent examination or investigation: scrutiny.—v.i. to examine anew.—n. Research′er.—adj. Research′ful, inquisitive, prone to investigation.

Reseat, rē-sēt′, v.t. to furnish with new seats.

Réseau, rā-zō′, n. a fine meshed ground for lace-work.

Resection, rē-sek′shun, n. act of cutting off: removal of a bone's articular extremity.—v.t. Resect′, to cut off. [L. resecāre, re-, again, secāre, to cut.]

Reseda, rē-sē′da, n. a genus of polypetalous plants, the mignonette family.

Reseek, rē-sēk′, v.t. and v.i. to seek again.

Reseize, rē-sēz′, v.t. (Spens.) to seize again: to reinstate.—ns. Reseiz′er; Reseiz′ūre.

Resell, rē-sel′, v.t. to sell again.

Resemble, rē-zem′bl, v.t. to be similar to: to have the likeness of: to possess similar qualities or appearance: to compare: to make like.—adj. Resemblable, admitting of being compared.—n. Resem′blance, the state of resembling: similitude: likeness: similarity: that which is similar.—adj. Resem′blant.—n. Resem′bler.—adj. Resem′bling.—adv. Resem′blingly. [O. Fr. resembler (Fr. ressembler)—re-, again, sembler, to seem—L. simulāre, to make like—similis, like.]

Reseminate, rē-sem′i-nāt, v.t. to propagate again.

Resend, rē-send′, v.t. to send again or back.

Resent, rē-zent′, v.t. to take ill: to consider as an injury or affront: to be indignant at: to express indignation: to have a strong perception of: to perceive by the sense of smell—v.i. to be indignant.—n. Resent′er.—adj. Resent′ful, full of, or prone to, resentment.—advs. Resent′fully; Resent′ingly.—adj. Resent′ive.—n. Resent′ment, the act of resenting: displeasure: anger. [O. Fr. resentir, ressentir—L. re-, in return, sentīre, to feel.]

Reserve, rē-zėrv′, v.t. to keep back: to keep for future or other use: to retain, except: to keep safe.—n. that which is reserved: that which is kept for future use: a part of an army or a fleet reserved to assist those engaged in action: that which is kept back in the mind: mental concealment: absence of freedom in words or action: caution: that part of capital which is retained to meet average liabilities.—n. Reservā′tion, the act of reserving or keeping back: the withholding from a statement of a word or clause necessary to convey its real meaning: something withheld: safe keeping: a clause, proviso, or limitation by which something is reserved: (U.S.) a tract of public land reserved for some special purpose, as for Indians, schools, &c.: the practice of reserving part of the consecrated bread of the eucharist for the communion of the sick: the act of the pope to reserve to himself the right to nominate to certain benefices.—adj. Reserv′ative.—n. Reserv′atory.—n.pl. Reserves′, the reserve forces of a country, the men composing such.—n. Reser′vist, a soldier who belongs to the reserves.—Mental reservation, the act of reserving or holding back some word or clause which is necessary to convey fully the meaning really intended by the speaker—distinct from equivocation (L. equivocatio or amphibolia).—Without reserve, a phrase implying that a property will be sold absolutely, neither the vendor nor any one acting for him bidding it in. [O. Fr. reserver—L. reservāre—re-, back, servāre, to save.]

Reserved, rē-zėrvd′, adj. characterised by reserve: not free or frank in words or behaviour: shy: cold.—adv. Reser′vedly.—ns. Reser′vedness; Reser′ver.—Reserved case, a sin, the power to absolve from which is reserved to the pope, or his legate, &c.; Reserved list, formerly a list of officers on half-pay, who might be called upon in an emergency; Reserved power, a reservation made in deeds, &c.; Reserved powers (U.S.), powers pertaining to sovereignty, but not delegated to a representative body.

Reservoir, rez′ėr-vwor, n. a place where anything is kept in store: a place where water and other liquids are stored for use.—Also v.t. [Fr.]

Reset, rē-set′, v.t. and v.i. to set again.—n. printed matter set over again.—adj. Reset′table (Tenn.), that may be reset.

Reset, re-set′, v.t. (Scot.) to receive and hide, as stolen goods, or a criminal.—n. Reset′ter, one who receives and hides stolen goods. [Perh. receipt.]

Resettle, rē-set′l, v.t, and v.i. to settle again.—n. Resett′lement.

Reshape, rē-shāp′, v.t. to give a new shape to.

Reship, rē-ship′, v.t. to ship again.—n. Reship′ment, the act of reshipping: things reshipped.

Resiant, rez′i-ant, adj. (obs.) resident, always residing in a place.—n. Res′iance. [Doublet of resident.]

Reside, rē-zīd′, v.i. to remain sitting: to dwell permanently: to abide: to live: to inhere.—ns. Res′idence, act of dwelling in a place: place where one resides, a domicile: that in which anything permanently inheres: the settling of liquors; Res′idency, residence: the official dwelling of a government officer in India.—adj. Res′ident, dwelling in a place for some time: residing on one's own estate: residing in the place of one's duties: not migratory.—n. one who resides: a public minister at a foreign court.—n. Res′identer (Scot.).—adjs. Residen′tial, residing: having actual residence—(rare) Resident′al; Residen′tiary, residing, esp. of one bound to reside for a certain time every year at a cathedral church.—n. one who keeps a certain residence, esp. an ecclesiastic.—ns. Residen′tiaryship; Res′identship; Resī′der. [O. Fr.,—L. residēre—re-, back, sedēre, to sit.]

Residue, rez′i-dū, n. that which is left behind after a part is taken away: the remainder: the residuum of an estate after payment of debts and legacies.—adj. Resid′ual, remaining as residue.—n. that which remains after a subtraction, as the difference between one of a series of observed values and the mean of the series, &c.—ns. Resid′ual-air, that portion of air which cannot be expelled by the most violent efforts from the lungs; Resid′ual-charge, a charge of electricity spontaneously acquired by coated glass; Resid′ual-mag′netism, remanent magnetism; Resid′ual-quan′tity, a binomial connected with the sign - (minus).—adj. Resid′uary, pertaining to the residue: receiving the remainder, as residuary estate.—ns. Resid′uary-clause, that part of a will which disposes of whatever may be left after satisfying the other provisions of the will; Resid′uary-legatēē′, the legatee to whom is bequeathed the residuum.—v.t. Resid′uate, to find the residual of.—ns. Residuā′tion, the act of finding the residual; Resid′uent, a by-product left after the removal of a principal product.—adj. Resid′uous, residual.—n. Resid′ūum, that which is left after any process of purification: a residue. [O. Fr. residu—L. residuum—residēre, to remain behind.]

Resign, rē-sīn′, v.t. to sign again.

Resign, rē-zīn′, v.t. to yield up to another: to submit calmly: to relinquish: to entrust.—v.i. to submit one's self: to give up an office, &c.—n. Resignā′tion, act of giving up: state of being resigned or quietly submissive: acquiescence: patience: (Scots law) the form by which a vassal returns the feu into the hands of a superior.—p.adj. Resigned′, calmly submissive: uncomplaining.—adv. Resigned′ly, with submission.—ns. Resignēē′, the person to whom a thing is resigned; Resign′er; Resign′ment. [O. Fr.,—L. resignāre, -ātum, to annul—re-, sig. reversal, signāre—signum, a mark.]

Resile, rē-zīl′, v.i. to leap back: to fly from: to recoil, to recede:—pr.p. resīl′ing; pa.p. resīled′.—ns. Resile′ment; Resil′ience, Resil′iency, act of springing back or rebounding.—adj. Resil′ient, springing back or rebounding.—ns. Resili′tion; Resiluā′tion, renewed attack. [O. Fr.,—L. resilīre, to leap back—re-, back, salīre, to leap.]

Resin, rez′in, n. an amorphous substance that exudes from plants, supposed to be the product of oxidation of volatile oils secreted by the plant: the precipitate obtained from a vegetable tincture by treatment with water.—v.t. to coat with resin.—adj. Resinā′ceous, resinous.—n. Res′ināte, a salt of the acids obtained from turpentine.—adj. Resinif′erous, yielding resin.—n. Resinificā′tion, the process of treating with resin.—adj. Res′iniform.—vs.t. Res′inify, to change into resin; Res′inise, to treat with resin.—adjs. Res′ino-elec′tric, containing negative electricity; Res′inoid; Res′inous, having the qualities of, or resembling, resin.—adv. Res′inously.—n. Res′inousness.—adj. Res′iny, like resin.—Gum resins, the milky juices of certain plants solidified by exposure to air; Hard resins, at ordinary temperatures solid and brittle, easily pulverised, containing little or no essential oil (copal, lac, jalap, &c.); Soft resins, mouldable by the hand—some are viscous and semi-fluid balsams (turpentine, storax, Canada balsam, &c.). [Fr.,—L. resīna.]

Resinata, rez-i-nā′ta, n. the common white wine in Greece, its peculiar odour due to the resin of the wine.—v.t. Res′ināte.

Resipiscence, res-i-pis′ens, n. change to a better frame of mind.—adj. Resipis′cent, right-minded. [Fr.,—L. resipiscentia—resipiscĕre, to repent—re-, again, sapĕre, to be wise.]

Resist, rē-zist′, v.t. to strive against: to oppose.—v.i. to make opposition.—n. a composition applied to a surface to enable it to resist chemical action: a material, as a paste, applied to a fabric to prevent the action of a dye or mordant from affecting the parts not to be coloured.—ns. Resis′tal (obs.); Resis′tance, act of resisting: opposition: (mech.) the power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse of another: (electr.) that property of a conductor in virtue of which the passage of a current through it is accompanied with a dissipation of energy; Resis′tance-box, a box containing one or more resistance-coils; Resis′tance-coil, a coil of wire which offers a resistance to the passage of a current of electricity; Resis′tant, one who, or that which, resists.—adjs. Resis′tant, Resis′tent, making resistance.—ns. Resis′ter; Resistibil′ity, Resis′tibleness.—adj. Resis′tible.—advs. Resis′tibly; Resis′tingly.—adj. Resis′tive.—adv. Resis′tively.—n. Resistiv′ity.—adj. Resist′less, irresistible: unresisting, unable to resist.—adv. Resist′lessly.—ns. Resist′lessness; Resist′-style, in calico printing, the process of dyeing in a pattern by the use of a resist; Resist′-work, calico printing, in which the pattern is produced by means of resist which preserves parts uncoloured. [Fr.,—L. resistĕre—re-, against, sistĕre, to make to stand.]

Resmooth, rē-smōōth′, v.t. to smooth again.

Resolder, rē-sol′dėr, v.t. to solder again.

Resoluble, rez′ō-lū-bl, adj. that may be resolved, soluble.—n. Res′olubleness.

Resolute, rez′ō-lūt, adj. resolved: determined: having a fixed purpose: constant in pursuing a purpose: bold.—n. a determined person.—adv. Res′olūtely.—n. Res′olūteness.

Resolution, rez-o-lū′shun, n. act of resolving: analysis: solution: state of being resolved: fixed determination: steadiness: that which is resolved: certainty: (mus.) the relieving of a discord by a following concord: a formal proposal put before a public assembly, or the formal determination of such on any matter: (math.) reduction, solution: (med.) the disappearance or dispersion of a tumour or inflammation.—n. Resolū′tioner, one of a party in Scotland who approved of the resolutions of the Commission of General Assembly (1650) admitting to take part in the struggle against Cromwell all persons except those excommunicate and hostile to the Covenant—opp. to the Protesters.—adj. Res′olūtive.—Resolution of forces, or of velocities, the application of the principle of the parallelogram of forces or velocities to the separation of a force or velocity into parts.

Resolve, rē-zolv′, v.t. to separate into parts: to analyse: to free from doubt or difficulty: to explain: to decide: to fix by resolution or formal declaration: (math.) to solve: (med.) to disperse, as a tumour: (mus.) to carry a discord into a concord.—v.i. to determine.—n. anything resolved or determined: resolution: fixed purpose.—n. Resolvabil′ity.—adj. Rosol′vable, that may be resolved or reduced to its elements.—n. Resol′vableness.—adv. Resol′vably.—adj. Resolved′, fixed in purpose.—adv. Resol′vedly, firmly: clearly.—n. Resol′vedness.—adj. Resol′vent, having power to resolve.—n. that which causes solution: (med.) a substance which resolves tumours: (math.) an equation upon whose solution the solution of a given problem depends.—n. Resol′ver. [Fr.,—L. resolvĕre, resolutum—re-, inten., solvĕre, to loose.]